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Xu K, He W, Yu B, Zhong K, Zhou D, Wang DW. Effects of different treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality of coronavirus disease from 2019 to 2021 in China: a multi-institutional retrospective study. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:18. [PMID: 38755442 PMCID: PMC11099001 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has continued for 5 years. Sporadic cases continue to occur in different locations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Successful control of blood glucose levels can effectively decrease the risks of severe infections and mortality. However, the effects of different treatments were reported differently and even adversely. This retrospective study included 4,922 patients who have been diagnosed as COVID-19 and T2DM from 138 Hubei hospitals. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared and calculated their risk for death using multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. After adjustment of age, sex, comorbidities, and in-hospital medications, metformin and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) use performed lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.71; p = 0.001 for metformin; 0.53, 0.35-0.80, p = 0.002 for AGIs), while insulin use was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.61-2.67, p < 0.001). After propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, adjusted HRs for insulin, metformin, and AGIs associated with all-cause mortality were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.03-1.81; p = 0.012), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23-0.83, p = 0.014), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.35-0.98, p = 0.05). Therefore, metformin and AGIs might be more suitable for patients with COVID-19 and T2DM while insulin might be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wu He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaineng Zhong
- Hubei Provincial Health Commission, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Health Commission, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Garg A, Garg S, Farid A, Rai S, Gupta G, Dua K, Paudel KR, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A Critical Review on the Long-Term COVID-19 Impacts on Patients With Diabetes. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00133-5. [PMID: 38485111 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world is currently grappling with the potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), marking it as the most severe health crisis in the modern era. COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, with the World Health Organization (WHO) predicting that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting the virus compared to the general population. This review aims to provide a practical summary of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on different types of diabetic patients, the associated mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms, related complications, and the role of vitamin D and zinc in therapeutic and preventive approaches. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct in English, up to April 2023. RESULTS COVID-19 can lead to distressing symptoms and pose a significant challenge for individuals living with diabetes. Older individuals and those with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, coronary illness, and asthma are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Managing COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes presents challenges, as it not only complicates the fight against the infection but also potentially prolongs the recovery time. Moreover, the virus may thrive in individuals with high blood glucose levels. Various therapeutic approaches, including antidiabetic drugs, are available to help prevent COVID-19 in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes increases the morbidity and mortality risk for patients with COVID-19. Efforts are globally underway to explore therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the impact of diabetes on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Kukrikheda, Barela, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sweta Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shweta Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Gyan Vihar Marg, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Heald AH, Jenkins DA, Williams R, Mudaliar RN, Khan A, Syed A, Sattar N, Khunti K, Naseem A, Bowden-Davies KA, Gibson JM, Ollier W. Sars-Cov-2 Infection in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Hospital Admission: An Analysis of Risk Factors for England. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:2031-2042. [PMID: 37620452 PMCID: PMC10597906 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic revealed the vulnerability of specific population groups in relation to susceptibility to acute deterioration in their health, including hospital admission and mortality. There is less data on outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) following SARS-CoV-2 infection than for those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study we set out to determine the relative likelihood of hospital admission following SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with T1D when compared to those without T1D. METHODS This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study and utilised an all-England dataset. Electronic health record data relating to people in a national England database (NHS England's Secure Data Environment, accessed via the BHF Data Science Centre's CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT consortium) were analysed. The cohort consisted of patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the exposure was whether or not an individual had T1D prior to infection (77,392 patients with T1D). The patients without T1D were matched for sex, age and approximate date of the positive COVID-19 test, with three SARS-CoV-2-infected people living without diabetes (n = 223,995). Potential factors influencing the relative likelihood of the outcome of hospital admission within 28 days were ascertained using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Median age of the people living with T1D was 37 (interquartile range 25-52) years, 47.4% were female and 89.6% were of white ethnicity. Mean body mass index was 27 (standard error [SE] 0.022) kg/m2, and mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 67.3 (SE 0.069) mmol/mol (8.3%). A significantly higher proportion of people with T1D (10.7%) versus matched non-diabetes individuals (3.9%) were admitted to hospital. In combined analysis including individuals with T1D and matched controls, multiple regression modelling indicated that the factors independently relating to a higher likelihood of hospital admission were: T1D (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-1.80]), age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03), social deprivation (higher Townsend deprivation score: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.08), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value (OR 0.975, 95% CI 0.974-0.976), non-white ethnicity (OR black 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.33/OR Asian 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.39) and having asthma (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19-1.35]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.89-2.32), severe mental illness (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.57-2.12) or hypertension (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.37-1.52). CONCLUSION In this all-England study, we describe that, following confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2, the risk factors for hospital admission for people living with T1D are similar to people without diabetes following confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the former were more likely to be admitted to hospital. The younger age of individuals with T1D in relation to risk stratification must be taken into account in any ongoing risk reduction strategies regarding COVID-19/future viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Heald
- The School of Medicine-Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
| | - David A Jenkins
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajshekhar N Mudaliar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Amber Khan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Akheel Syed
- The School of Medicine-Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Kelly A Bowden-Davies
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine-Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Manoharan EV, Kola Sridharan N, Kesavan B, Andrews GA, Sundaram Venkatesan G, Kesavan P. COVID-19 Pneumonia and Increased Insulin Requirement in Known Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e50239. [PMID: 38192935 PMCID: PMC10773652 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19-related critical illness affects multiple organs and causes a variety of metabolic derangements in the body's physiology that are not proven with the current level of evidence. Insulin resistance and deranged blood sugar control due to COVID-19 have been major problems when managing diabetic patients with hyperglycaemia when they are admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia. There is a lack of abundant literature to prove the excess insulin requirements of COVID-19 and to quantify their insulin needs scientifically. This study aims to quantify the degree of insulin dose increments in these patients. Materials and methods The study is a single-centre prospective observational study done in COVID-19 wards at a tertiary care hospital in India. The diabetic patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia between June 2020 and December 2020 were included in the study. Seventy-five patients with fair control of diabetes (HbA1C <7.5) were included in the study. Their average daily insulin requirement was calculated for the first seven days of admission. This was tabulated and compared to their baseline insulin requirement before being unwell due to COVID-19. A sub-group analysis was also done to show the relation between severity of illness and glycaemic dysregulation. Result Invariably, all patients were found to be hyperglycaemic on admission. Insulin need has increased to 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline values in the first 24 hours of admission. This insulin dose requirement stayed high around the same levels for all seven days of observation. The average mean value of the daily insulin dose for the seven days of study was calculated to be 132 units. This is more than twice the mean baseline daily insulin requirement of 62 units during the pre-COVID-19 period. Subgroup analysis showed that the severe group had poor glycaemic control, requiring higher doses compared to their own baseline and also to the moderate group. Conclusion COVID-19 pneumonia significantly increases insulin resistance and insulin requirements during illness in fairly controlled known diabetic patients with insulin. Managing this COVID-19-induced hyperglycaemia requires 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline insulin doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balaji Kesavan
- Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, GBR
| | - Geront A Andrews
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai, IND
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Sim B, Kim S, Nam EW. Evaluating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on hypertension and diabetes care in South Korea: an interrupted time series analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1538. [PMID: 37568089 PMCID: PMC10422749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to healthcare services is important, especially for patients with chronic diseases. We evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient visits and medication for patients with hypertension and diabetes in South Korea. METHODS Nationwide claims data were extracted for patients with hypertension and diabetes from January 2019 to July 2020. We used an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to evaluate the pandemic's impact on outpatient care using the number of outpatient visits and days of medication supplied per visit. We identified the change in the continuity of care in medication, a consequence of the change in outpatient care, using the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR). RESULTS The number of outpatient visits for diabetes significantly declined in February 2020, when community transmission began. However, when high-intensity social distancing was relaxed in April 2020, outpatient visits for hypertension and diabetes rebounded significantly. Moreover, when the outpatient visits declined, the number of days of medication supplied per visit increased. Consequently, the average MPRs significantly increased compared to 2019, increasing the ratio of patients with appropriate medication supply (MPR ≥ 0.8). CONCLUSIONS Outpatient visits decreased immediately when COVID-19 spread to local communities. However, the number of days of medication supplied per visit increased to compensate for the longer intervals between visits. Rather, the change in the continuity of care in medication improved; thus, the temporary decrease in outpatient visits might have had a limited negative impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Sim
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
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Sama SR, Gore R, Bauer AZ, Garber L, Rosiello R, Sundaresan D, McDonald A, Kriebel D. Targeting patients for early COVID-19 therapy; Pre-infection metabolic dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of severe disease in patients under 65: A Massachusetts community-based observational study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287430. [PMID: 37319299 PMCID: PMC10270632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demographics of those developing severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes are shifting to younger patients. In an observational study utilizing electronic health records from a Massachusetts group medical practice, we identified 5025 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from March 1 to December 18, 2020. Of these, 3870 were under 65 years of age. We investigated the hypothesis that pre-infection metabolic or immunologic dysregulation including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increased risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes in patients under 65 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared those with COVID-19 related hospitalization or mortality to all other COVID-19 patients, using a case control approach. Using logistic regression and propensity score modeling, we evaluated risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization or death) in those with pre-infection comorbidities, metabolic risk factors, or PCOS. RESULTS Overall, propensity score matched analyses demonstrated pre-infection elevated liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >40, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >40 and blood glucose ≥215 mg/dL were associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes, OR = 1.74 (95% CI 1.31, 2.31); OR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.52, 2.57), and OR = 1.55 (95% CI 1.08, 2.23) respectively. Elevated hemoglobin A1C or blood glucose levels were even stronger risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes among those aged < 65, OR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.14, 4.66) and OR = 2.42 (95% CI 1.29, 4.56), respectively. In logistic regression models, women aged < 65 with PCOS demonstrated more than a four-fold increased risk of severe COVID-19, OR 4.64 (95% CI 1.98, 10.88). CONCLUSION Increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in those < age 65 with pre-infection indicators of metabolic dysfunction heightens the importance of monitoring pre-infection indicators in younger patients for prevention and early treatment. The PCOS finding deserves further investigation. Meanwhile women who suffer from PCOS should be carefully evaluated and prioritized for earlier COVID-19 treatment and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R. Sama
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Reliant Medical Group, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Gore
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann Z. Bauer
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Great Meadows Public Health Collaborative, Wayland, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Garber
- Reliant Medical Group, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard Rosiello
- Reliant Medical Group, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Devi Sundaresan
- Reliant Medical Group, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne McDonald
- Reliant Medical Group, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Kriebel
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Devi SM, Pamreddy A, Narendra VR. Risks associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in COVID-19 patients: a literature review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:135-146. [PMID: 37250369 PMCID: PMC10083065 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has become a global pandemic, and medical experts are scrambling to understand the wide range of symptoms and consequences of the virus. Although acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreatic damage have been associated with SARS-CoV-2, the mechanism behind this is still unclear. The current article explores whether COVID-19 is an additional cause of AP and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The article illustrates the conditions associated with AP and DKA among COVID-19 patients and diabetes mellitus (DM). Another critical condition is acute kidney injury (AKI), often associated with DKA. Methods A search strategy for the article was assigned and retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2020 to June 2022. The articles which discussed case studies on AP, DKA, and AKI were included in the study. Results The present review of 24 reported case studies represented conditions of AP (12), DKA (5), AP and DKA (5), AP and AKI (1), and DKA and AKI (1) among COVID-19 participants, and showed a potential relationship between the complications. Conclusion Healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic plays a major role among AP, DKA, and AKI-associated COVID-19 patients. A compilation of case studies suggests effective management of COVID-19 infection-related complications such as AP, DKA, and AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundru Manjulata Devi
- Bioinformatics section, SVR BioScience Research Services, 570003 Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | - Annapurna Pamreddy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX USA
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Bafandeh S, Khodadadi E, Ganbarov K, Asgharzadeh M, Köse Ş, Samadi Kafil H. Natural Products as a Potential Source of Promising Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Viral Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5525165. [PMID: 37096202 PMCID: PMC10122587 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5525165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Background A global pandemic has recently been observed due to the new coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since there are currently no antiviral medicines to combat the highly contagious and lethal COVID-19 infection, identifying natural sources that can either be viricidal or boost the immune system and aid in the fight against the disease can be an essential therapeutic support. Methods This review was conducted based on published papers related to the herbal therapy of COVID-19 by search on databases including PubMed and Scopus with herbal, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and therapy keywords. Results To combat this condition, people may benefit from the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants, such as increasing their immune system or providing an antiviral impact. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 infection death rates can be reduced. Various traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive components, such as COVID-19, are summarized in this article to assist in gathering and debating techniques for combating microbial diseases in general and boosting our immune system in particular. Conclusion The immune system benefits from natural products and many of these play a role in activating antibody creation, maturation of immune cells, and stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The lack of particular antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 means that apitherapy might be a viable option for reducing the hazards associated with COVID-19 in the absence of specific antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Bafandeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Khudaverdi Ganbarov
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Heald AH, Jenkins DA, Williams R, Mudaliar RN, Naseem A, Davies KAB, Gibson JM, Peng Y, Ollier W. COVID-19 Vaccination and Diabetes Mellitus: How Much Has It Made a Difference to Outcomes Following Confirmed COVID-19 Infection? Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:193-204. [PMID: 36478309 PMCID: PMC9734409 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since early 2020 the whole world has been challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), its successive variants and the associated pandemic caused. We have previously shown that for people living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the risk of being admitted to hospital or dying following a COVID-19 infection progressively decreased through the first months of 2021. In this subsequent analysis we have examined how the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme impacted differentially on COVID-19 outcomes in people with T1DM or T2DM compared to appropriate controls. METHODS T1DM and T2DM affected individuals were compared with their matched controls on 3:1 ratio basis. A 28-day hospital admission or mortality was used as the binary outcome variable with diabetes status and vaccination for COVID-19 as the main exposure variables. RESULTS A higher proportion of T1DM individuals vs their controls was found to be vaccinated at the point of their first recorded positive COVID-19 test when compared to T2DM individuals vs their controls. Regarding the 28-day hospital admission rate, there was a greater and increasing protective effect of subsequent vaccination dosage (one, two or three) in mitigating the effects of COVID-19 infection versus no vaccination in T1DM than in T2DM individuals when compared with matched controls. Similar effects were observed in T2DM for death. Across both diabetes and non-diabetes individuals, those at greater socio-economic disadvantage were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 in the early phase of the pandemic. For T2DM individuals socio-economic disadvantage was associated with a greater likelihood of hospital admission and death, independent of vaccination status. Age and male sex were also independently associated with 28-day hospital admission in T2DM and to 28-day mortality, independent of vaccination status. African ethnicity was also an additional factor for hospital admission in people with T2DM. CONCLUSION A beneficial effect of COVID-19 vaccination was seen in mitigating the harmful effects of COVID-19 infection; this was manifest in reduced hospital admission rate in T1DM individuals with a lesser effect in T2DM when compared with matched controls, regarding both hospital admission and mortality. Socio-economic disadvantage influenced likelihood of COVID-19 confirmed infection and the likelihood of hospital admission/death independent of the number of vaccinations given in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
| | - David A Jenkins
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajshekhar N Mudaliar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Kelly A Bowden Davies
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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10
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Cheng Y, Shen P, Tao Y, Zhang W, Xu B, Bi Y, Han Z, Zhou YH. Reduced antibody response to COVID-19 vaccine composed of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic individuals. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025901. [PMID: 36568756 PMCID: PMC9773130 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk for COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccine in T2DM patients is not very clear. The present work aims to evaluate the antibody response to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in this population. Methods Two groups of subjects with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included: 63 T2DM patients and 56 non-T2DM controls. Each participant received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S IgG) and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins (anti-RBD IgG) were quantitatively evaluated by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, respectively. Results It was observed that the positive rates and titers of anti-N/S IgG and anti-RBD IgG in T2DM patients were significantly lower than those in controls, respectively (anti-N/S: 85.7 vs. 98.2%, P = 0.034; 25.48 vs. 33.58 AU/ml P = 0.011; anti-RBD: 85.7 vs. 96.4%, P = 0.044; 15.45 vs. 22.25 AU/ml, P = 0.019). Compared to non-T2DM subjects, T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemia showed lower positive antibody rates and titers (anti-N/S IgG: 75% and 13.30 AU/ml; anti-RBD IgG: 75% and 11.91 AU/ml, respectively, all P < 0.05), while T2DM patients with controlled glycemia had similar positive antibody rates and titers (anti-N/S IgG: 94.3% and 33.65 AU/ml; and anti-RBD IgG: 94.3% and 19.82 AU/ml, respectively, all P > 0.05). Conclusion In the analysis performed, the data indicate that T2DM patients with uncontrolled glycemia showed a lower level of IgG antibodies compared to non-diabetic controls and individuals with controlled glycemia when immunized with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biyun Xu
- Department of Biomedicine Statistics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yi-Hua Zhou
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Department of Infectious Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Zhen Han
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11
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Virgilio E, Trevisan C, Abbatecola A, Malara A, Palmieri A, Fedele G, Stefanelli P, Leone P, Schiavoni I, Maggi S, Volpato S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Onder G. Diabetes Affects Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Older Residents of Long-term Care Facilities: Data From the GeroCovid Vax Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2935-2942. [PMID: 36201657 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes may affect the humoral immune response after vaccination, but data concerning coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines are scarce. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and tested for differences according to antidiabetic treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For this analysis, 555 older residents of LTCFs participating in the GeroCovid Vax study were included. SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S immunoglobulin G (anti-S IgG) concentrations using chemiluminescent assays were tested before the first dose and after 2 and 6 months. The impact of diabetes on anti-S IgG levels was evaluated using linear mixed models, which included the interaction between time and presence of diabetes. A second model also considered diabetes treatment: no insulin therapy (including dietary only or use of oral antidiabetic agents) and insulin therapy (alone or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents). RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 82.1 years, 68.1% were women, and 25.2% had diabetes. In linear mixed models, presence of diabetes was associated with lower anti-S IgG levels at 2 (β = -0.20; 95% CI -0.34, -0.06) and 6 months (β = -0.22; 95% CI -0.37, -0.07) after the first vaccine dose. Compared with those without diabetes, residents with diabetes not using insulin had lower IgG levels at 2- and 6-month assessments (β = -0.24; 95% CI -0.43, -0.05 and β = -0.30; 95% CI -0.50, -0.10, respectively), whereas no differences were observed for those using insulin. CONCLUSIONS Older residents of LTCFs with diabetes tended to have weaker antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. Insulin treatment might buffer this effect and establish humoral immunity similar to that in individuals without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Virgilio
- Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Abbatecola
- Alzheimer's Disease Day Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Alba Malara
- Associazione Nazionale Strutture Territoriali e per la Terza Età (ANASTE)-Humanitas Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Maggi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Onder
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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12
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Menekli T, Yaprak B, Türeyen A, Şentürk S. Investigation of COVID-19 fear, treatment compliance, and metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the pandemic. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:658-663. [PMID: 36030171 PMCID: PMC9376335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was carried out to investigate fear levels, treatment compliance, and metabolic control of type II Diabetes Mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study employed a single-center, observational design and was conducted between January and April 2021. The study consisted of 303 patients who attended the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. For data collection, the Patient Identification Form, COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the Type II Diabetes Treatment Compliance Scale were used. The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration criteria. IBM SPSS v25.0 statistics package program was used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 45.8 ± 7.5 years, the mean duration of illness was 8.2 ± 3.6 years. Moreover, 40.6% of patients presented with poor levels of treatment compliance. In addition, the mean FCV-19S score of the patients was 29.1 ± 3.05. It was noticeable that those with high mean scores of FCV-19S had poor compliance with treatment and metabolic control during the pandemic (p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Fear of COVID-19 negatively affects treatment compliance and metabolic control of type II diabetes patients. The patients avoided attending their regular follow-ups at the hospital due to fear of contracting COVID-19. In order to reduce the fear of COVID-19 it is paramount to maintain optimum metabolic control and treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Menekli
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Bülent Yaprak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Türeyen
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Şentürk
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Bucak Health School, Bucak, Burdur, Turkey.
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13
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Makhoul E, Aklinski JL, Miller J, Leonard C, Backer S, Kahar P, Parmar MS, Khanna D. A Review of COVID-19 in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome: Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia. Cureus 2022; 14:e27438. [PMID: 36051728 PMCID: PMC9420458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although severe cases and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proportionally infrequent, these cases are strongly linked to patients with conditions of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). However, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in relation to metabolic syndrome is not well understood. Thus, the goal of this secondary literature review was to examine the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the individual conditions of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this secondary literature review was achieved by examining primary studies, case studies, and other secondary studies, to obtain a comprehensive perspective of theories and observations of COVID-19 etiology with metabolic syndrome. The most extensive research was available on the topics of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, which yielded multiple (and sometimes conflicting) hypothetical pathophysiology. The sources on dyslipidemia and COVID-19 were scarcer and failed to provide an equally comprehensive image, highlighting the need for further research. It was concluded that hypertension had the strongest correlation with COVID-19 incidence (followed by obesity), yet the causative pathophysiology was ambiguous; most likely related to cardiovascular, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2)-related complications from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) imbalance. Obesity was also positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19 cases and was believed to contribute to mechanical difficulties with respiration, in addition to hypothetical connections with the expression of ACE-2 on abundant adipose tissue. Diabetes was believed to contribute to COVID-19 severity by producing a chronic inflammatory state and interfering with neutrophil and T-cell function. Furthermore, there were indications that COVID-19 may induce acute-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Lastly, dyslipidemia was concluded to potentially facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing lipid rafts and immunosuppressive functions. There were also indications that cholesterol levels may have prognostic indications and that statins may have therapeutic benefits.
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14
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Patrascu R, Albai A, Braha A, Gaita L, Lazar S, Potre O, Timar B. Factors Influencing the Desirability, Acceptability, and Adherence of Patients with Diabetes to Telemedicine. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58080997. [PMID: 35893112 PMCID: PMC9331825 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Telemedicine solutions have proven their value and efficacy in augmenting diabetes care. In addition to the availability of tools needed to implement telemedicine solutions for patients with diabetes, the patients’ desirability, acceptance, and adherence represent major burdens in implementing them. The main aim of this research is to evaluate which factors are influencing the desirability, acceptance, and adherence of patients with diabetes to telemedicine interventions in diabetes care. Materials and Methods: QTelemeDiab, a previously validated instrument for assessing patients’ desirability, acceptance, and adherence to telemedicine in diabetes care, was used on 114 enrolled patients with diabetes mellitus, in parallel with demographic, socio-economic, disease history, and psychometric data from all patients. Results: Left-skewed score distributions were observed for the QTelemeDiab total score (median = 166; skewness = −1.738), as well as all its components, thus denoting a high desirability, acceptance, and adherence towards telemedicine use. The presence of severe depression was associated with significant decreases in the QTelemeDiab score (148 vs. 167; p < 0.001), as well as on the desirability sub-score (101 vs. 115; p < 0.001) and adherence sub-score (30 vs. 35; p < 0.001). The presence of severe anxiety was associated with significant decreases in QTelemeDiab score (150 vs. 166), as well as the desirability sub-score (104 vs. 114; p = 0.008) and adherence sub-score (30 vs. 34; p = 0.012). Conclusions: There is a high desirability, acceptance, and adherence to the use of telemedicine interventions in patients with diabetes, both in special and in normal epidemiological settings. The presence of severe anxiety decreases the patient’s desirability, acceptance, and adherence, while the presence of severe depression decreases the patient’s desirability and adherence to the use of telemedicine interventions in diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Patrascu
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (L.G.); (B.T.)
| | - Alin Albai
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (L.G.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-7214-35829
| | - Adina Braha
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (L.G.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Laura Gaita
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (L.G.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sandra Lazar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Potre
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Timar
- “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (A.B.); (L.G.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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15
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Al-Daghri NM, Almiman AA, Wani K, Khattak MNK, Aljohani NJ, Alfawaz H, Al-Hameidi A, Aldisi D, Alkhaldi G, Sabico S. COVID-19 Lockdown and Lifestyle Changes in Saudi Adults With Types 1 and 2 Diabetes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:912816. [PMID: 35875025 PMCID: PMC9304975 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.912816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle changes and other common related effects of the lockdown in Saudi adults with diabetes mellitus (DM), both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods 265 T1D and 285 T2D individuals were included in this cross-sectional survey during lockdown using an online questionnaire and compared with 297 participants without DM. Variables included demographics, treatment changes, use of supplements, change in sleeping habits and physical activity, dietary changes, social and mental health, and education and awareness during COVID-19 lockdown. Results The COVID-19 lockdown was associated with more treatment doses in people with T1D but not in those with T2D (p = 0.003). More participants with T1D and T2D than the control group reported that they felt symptoms of depression during lockdown (ORs of 1.83, p = 0.008 and 2.2, p = 0.001, respectively) and that lockdown affected them psychologically (ORs of 1.64, p = 0.019 and 1.85, p = 0.005, respectively). More participants with T1D than controls reported that their physical activity decreased during lockdown (OR of 2.70, p = 0.024). Furthermore, significantly lesser participants in both DM groups than controls agreed that the health education regarding COVID-19 covered everything (ORs of 0.41, p < 0.001 and 0.56, p < 0.001, respectively for T1D and T2D groups). Regarding dietary habits, the DM groups reported more changes in either the number of daily meals, meal content, or mealtimes than the control group. Conclusions COVID-19 lockdown-associated lifestyle changes were more prevalent in individuals with T1D and T2D compared to control. Findings may assist public health authorities in outlining their responses in pandemics and promote healthy lifestyle adaptations in this high-risk cohort to limit adverse effects in future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nasser M. Al-Daghri
| | - Abeer A. Almiman
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N. K. Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji J. Aljohani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dara Aldisi
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Alkhaldi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Lee WR, Yoo KB, Lee GM, Koo JH, Kim LH. Is Avoidable Hospitalization Experienced Prior to Infection Associated With COVID-19-Related Deaths? Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604426. [PMID: 35795099 PMCID: PMC9252312 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of the presence or absence of avoidable hospitalization before acquiring coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on COVID-19-related deaths. Methods: This study used the total NHIS-COVID-19 dataset comprising domestic COVID-19 patients, provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea. We conducted logistic regression and double robust estimation (DRE) to confirm the effect of avoidable hospitalization on COVID-19-related deaths. Results: Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the odds ratio (OR) of death due to COVID-19 was high in the group that experienced avoidable hospitalization. DRE analysis showed a higher OR of death due to COVID-19 in the group that experienced avoidable hospitalization compared to the group that did not experience avoidable hospitalization, except in the subgroup aged ≤69 years. Conclusion: The effect of avoidable hospitalization on COVID-19-related deaths was confirmed. Therefore, continued health care, preventive medicine, and public health management are essential for reducing avoidable hospitalizations despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians need to be informed about the importance of continuous disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ri Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Yoo
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ki-Bong Yoo,
| | - Gyeong-Min Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Koo
- Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Li-Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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17
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Kayhan S, Hepsen S, Kalkisim HK, Sendur IN, Altay FA, Yalcindag A. The evaluation of pancreas β-cell autoantibodies in non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:459-465. [PMID: 35657130 PMCID: PMC10697637 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate potential pancreas endocrine damage due to SARS-CoV-2 by measuring β-cell autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients. Subjects and methods Between June and July 2020, 95 inpatients with a positive COVID-19 test result after polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. Laboratory parameters that belong to glucose metabolism and β-cell autoantibodies, including anti-islet, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, and anti-insulin autoantibodies, were measured. β-cell autoantibodies levels of the patients were measured during COVID-19 diagnosis. Positive results were reevaluated in the 3rd month of control. Results In the initial evaluation, 4 (4.2%) patients were positive for anti-islet autoantibody. Only one (1.1%) patient was positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody. No patient had positive results for anti-insulin autoantibody. FPG, HbA1c, and C-peptide levels were similar in patients who were split into groups regarding the initial positive or negative status of anti-islet and anti-GAD autoantibodies (p>0.05). In the 3rd month after the initial measurements, anti-islet autoantibody positivity of 2 (50%) of 4 patients and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase positivity of 1 (100%) patient were persistent. Finally, 3 (3.1%) patients in the whole group were positive for anti-islet autoantibody in the 3rd month of control. No difference was determined between the initial and the 3rd month of parameters of glucose metabolism. Conclusion Following an ongoing autoantibody positivity in the present study brings the mind that SARS-CoV-2 may be responsible for the diabetogenic effect. Clinicians should be aware of autoantibody-positive DM as a potential autoimmune complication in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Kayhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Sema Hepsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kozan Kalkisim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Nahit Sendur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aybala Altay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Yalcindag
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease describes a combination of metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, including pathological changes such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and hypertension, and environmental risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and poverty. As the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients continues to rise, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity, all components of, or sequelae of cardiometabolic disease, were identified among others as key risk factors associated with increased mortality in these patients. Numerous studies have been done to further elucidate this relationship between COVID-19 and cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic disease is associated with both increased susceptibility to COVID-19 and worse outcomes of COVID-19, including intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and death. The proinflammatory state of cardiometabolic disease specifically obesity, has been associated with a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients. There has been no evidence to suggest that antihypertensives and antidiabetic medications should be discontinued in COVID-19 patients but these patients should be closely monitored to ensure that their blood pressure and blood glucose levels are stable. Assessment of vaccination efficacy in cardiometabolic disease patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan W. Kim
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Wilbert S. Aronow
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H. Frishman
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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19
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Heald AH, Jenkins DA, Williams R, Sperrin M, Mudaliar RN, Syed A, Naseem A, Bowden Davies KA, Peng Y, Peek N, Ollier W, Anderson SG, Delanerolle G, Gibson JM. Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1037-1051. [PMID: 35416588 PMCID: PMC9006208 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research is ongoing to increase our understanding of how much a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects someone's risk of becoming seriously unwell following a COVID-19 infection. In this study we set out to determine the relative likelihood of death following COVID-19 infection in people with T2DM when compared to those without T2DM. This was conducted as an urban population study and based in the UK. METHODS Analysis of electronic health record data was performed relating to people living in the Greater Manchester conurbation (population 2.82 million) who had a recorded diagnosis of T2DM and subsequent COVID-19 confirmed infection. Each individual with T2DM (n = 13,807) was matched with three COVID-19-infected non-diabetes controls (n = 39,583). Data were extracted from the Greater Manchester Care Record (GMCR) database for the period 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021. Social disadvantage was assessed through Townsend scores. Death rates were compared in people with T2DM to their respective non-diabetes controls; potential predictive factors influencing the relative likelihood of admission were ascertained using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS For individuals with T2DM, their mortality rate after a COVID-19 positive test was 7.7% vs 6.0% in matched controls; the relative risk (RR) of death was 1.28. From univariate analysis performed within the group of individuals with T2DM, the likelihood of death following a COVID-19 recorded infection was lower in people taking metformin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) or a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hypertension were associated with increased mortality and had odds ratios of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.96-0.97) and 1.92 (95% confidence interval 1.68-2.20), respectively. Likelihood of death following a COVID-19 infection was also higher in those people with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe enduring mental illness but not with asthma, and in people taking aspirin/clopidogrel/insulin. Smoking in people with T2DM significantly increased mortality rate (odds ratio of 1.46; 95% confidence interval 1.29-1.65). In a combined analysis of patients with T2DM and controls, multiple regression modelling indicated that the factors independently relating to a higher likelihood of death (accounting for 26% of variance) were T2DM, age, male gender and social deprivation (higher Townsend score). CONCLUSION Following confirmed infection with COVID-19 a number of factors are associated with mortality in individuals with T2DM. Prescription of metformin, SGLT2is or GLP-1 agonists and non-smoking status appeared to be associated with a reduced the risk of death for people with T2DM. Age, male sex and social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Heald
- The School of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
| | - David A Jenkins
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Sperrin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajshekhar N Mudaliar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Akheel Syed
- The School of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Kelly A Bowden Davies
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Niels Peek
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gayathri Delanerolle
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Science, Clinical Research Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Heald AH, Jenkins DA, Williams R, Sperrin M, Fachim H, Mudaliar RN, Syed A, Naseem A, Gibson JM, Bowden Davies KA, Peek N, Anderson SG, Peng Y, Ollier W. The Risk Factors Potentially Influencing Hospital Admission in People with Diabetes, Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Level Analysis. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1007-1021. [PMID: 35325361 PMCID: PMC8944405 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since early 2020 the whole world has been challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the associated global pandemic (Covid-19). People with diabetes are particularly at high risk of becoming seriously unwell after contracting this virus. METHODS This population-based study included people living in the Greater Manchester conurbation who had a recorded diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and subsequent Covid-19 infection. Each individual with T1DM (n = 862) or T2DM (n = 13,225) was matched with three Covid-19-infected non-diabetes controls. RESULTS For individuals with T1DM, hospital admission rate in the first 28 days after a positive Covid-19 test was 10% vs 4.7% in age/gender-matched controls [relative risk (RR) 2.1]. For individuals with T2DM, hospital admission rate after a positive Covid-19 test was 16.3% vs 11.6% in age/gender-matched controls (RR 1.4). The average Townsend score was higher in T2DM (1.8) vs matched controls (0.4), with a higher proportion of people with T2DM observed in the top two quintiles of greatest disadvantage (p < 0.001). For Covid-19-infected individuals with T1DM, factors influencing admission likelihood included age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, HbA1c, low HDL-cholesterol, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and being of African/mixed ethnicity. In Covid-19-infected individuals with T2DM, factors related to a higher admission rate included age, Townsend index, comorbidity with COPD/asthma and severe mental illness (SMI), lower eGFR. Metformin prescription lowered the likelihood. For multivariate analysis in combined individuals with T2DM/controls, factors relating to higher likelihood of admission were having T2DM/age/male gender/diagnosed COPD/diagnosed hypertension/social deprivation (higher Townsend index) and non-white ethnicity (all groups). CONCLUSION In a UK population we have confirmed a significantly higher likelihood of admission in people with diabetes following Covid-19 infection. A number of factors mediate that increased likelihood of hospital admission. For T2DM, the majority of factors related to increased admission rate are common to the general population but more prevalent in T2DM. There was a protective effect of metformin in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David A Jenkins
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Sperrin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helene Fachim
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajshekhar N Mudaliar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Akheel Syed
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly A Bowden Davies
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Niels Peek
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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21
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Porntharukchareon T, Worawichawong S, Tawinprai K. Telehealth for Diabetes Care During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:459-462. [PMID: 35255726 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221083388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Supanat Worawichawong
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi H, Eivazzadeh‐Keihan R, Beig Parikhani A, Fattahi Mehraban S, Maleki A, Fereshteh S, Bazaz M, Zolriasatein A, Bozorgnia B, Rahmati S, Saberi F, Yousefi Najafabadi Z, Damough S, Mohseni S, Salehzadeh H, Khakyzadeh V, Madanchi H, Kardar GA, Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. COVID-19: A systematic review and update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e115. [PMID: 35281790 PMCID: PMC8906461 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the rapid onset of the COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the world in 2019, extensive studies have been conducted to unveil the behavior and emission pattern of the virus in order to determine the best ways to diagnosis of virus and thereof formulate effective drugs or vaccines to combat the disease. The emergence of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques considering the multiplicity of reports from one side and contradictions in assessments from the other side necessitates instantaneous updates on the progress of clinical investigations. There is also growing public anxiety from time to time mutation of COVID-19, as reflected in considerable mortality and transmission, respectively, from delta and Omicron variants. We comprehensively review and summarize different aspects of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. First, biological characteristics of COVID-19 were explained from diagnosis standpoint. Thereafter, the preclinical animal models of COVID-19 were discussed to frame the symptoms and clinical effects of COVID-19 from patient to patient with treatment strategies and in-silico/computational biology. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanoscience/nanotechnology in identification, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 were discussed. This review covers almost all SARS-CoV-2-related topics extensively to deepen the understanding of the latest achievements (last updated on January 11, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi
- Protein Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Advance Chemical Studies LaboratoryFaculty of ChemistryK. N. Toosi UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Arezoo Beig Parikhani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur InstituteTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Maleki
- Department of ChemistryIran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran
| | | | - Masoume Bazaz
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur InstituteTehranIran
| | | | | | - Saman Rahmati
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur InstituteTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Saberi
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zeinab Yousefi Najafabadi
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- ImmunologyAsthma & Allergy Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shadi Damough
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur InstituteTehranIran
| | - Sara Mohseni
- Non‐metallic Materials Research GroupNiroo Research InstituteTehranIran
| | | | - Vahid Khakyzadeh
- Department of ChemistryK. N. Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics UnitDepartment of Medical BiotechnologyBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- ImmunologyAsthma & Allergy Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical EngineeringOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer TechnologyFaculty of ChemistryGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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23
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Dissanayake H, Soysa P, Samarathunga T, De Silva L, Samaranayake N, Padmaperuma C, Katulanda P. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on people living with diabetes: Experience from a low-middle income country in South Asia. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:127-134. [PMID: 34974994 PMCID: PMC8651510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 lockdown imposes many challenges to patients with diabetes. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on health-related behavior and disease control among patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with diabetes attending a diabetes clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka in June-July 2020. Lifestyle and disease control changes before and during the lockdown, were determined using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of medical records. RESULTS Among 1727 participants mean HbA1c decreased by 0.30% (95% CI 0.24-0.36, p < 0.001). HbA1c improved in 37.6% but deteriorated in 18.8%. Male sex (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.67), better education (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20) and being employed (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.16) were sociodemographic predictors of improved control. Better dietary adherence (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.13-2.12), night-time sleep (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13-1.88) and indoor exercise (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.23-2.07) were behavioural determinants of improved glycaemia. Decreases in self-monitoring of blood glucose (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.93), exercise (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.32-2.20), medication use (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.37-2.78), dietary adherence (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.32-2.26) and family income (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.88) predicted worsening glycaemia. Only 4.1% used telehealth services; 83.1% of them reported good satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Mean HbA1c improved during the lockdown. Overall, 37.6% of participants improved their glycaemic control. Well-educated employed men were more likely to improve glycaemic status. Improving diabetes control through healthy lifestyle practices and self-monitoring are feasible even in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Dissanayake
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka.
| | - Pasindu Soysa
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka.
| | - Thilina Samarathunga
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka.
| | - Laksara De Silva
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka.
| | - Nadeesh Samaranayake
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Prasad Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Rd, Colombo 008, Sri Lanka; Cruddas Link Fellow, Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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24
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SARS-CoV-2, diabetes and mortality: month by month variation in mortality rate from June 2020 to June 2021. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2022; 11:e0258. [PMID: 35128338 PMCID: PMC8805796 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Application of a city wide digital population database for outcome analysis in diabetes: SARS-CoV-2, diabetes and hospital admission rate month by month in Greater Manchester, UK. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2022; 11:e0257. [PMID: 35128337 PMCID: PMC8805797 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Balta Başı N, Metin S, Acar Sevinç S, Salkaya A, Peker N, Çınar AS, Altuntaş Y, Özdemir HM. The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized Intensive Care Unit in Covid-19 Pandemic. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022068. [PMID: 35775782 PMCID: PMC9335439 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i3.11880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Backgorund and aim: There are many studies on the effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the clinical course in COVID-19 patients. Factors that increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 disease and increase disease progression have been caused, and diabetes mellitus is one of them. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in patients treated in the intensive care unit in respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia, and the effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the length of stay in intensive care and mortality. METHODS Our study is a single-center retrospective study. The study includes patients hospitalized in our COVID intensive care unit between March 16, 2019, and May 16, 2020 Patients over 18 years of age with and without a history of Diabetes Mellitus were compared in 2 groups. Demographic data of the patients, length of stay in the intensive care unit, respiratory support methods, presence of other comorbid diseases, effects of Diabetes Mellitus to mortality in ICU were recorded. RESULTS The information of 150 patients was obtained in the COVID-19 intensive care units of our hospital. Diabetes Mellitus was detected in 49 of the patients hospitalized in intensive care. 34.7% of these patients were female and 65.3% were male. There was no significant difference in survival in both groups (p = 0.942). The BMI of the patients with Diabetes Mellitus was 27.07 ± 2.55, significantly higher (p = 0.005). Intensive care stay periods were similar in both groups. The presence of hypertension was significantly higher in those with Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between respiratory support methods. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes Mellitus did not affect the duration of stay in the intensive care unit and mortality in patients who were followed up and treated in the intensive care unit due to COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Balta Başı
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Metin
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Acar Sevinç
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Salkaya
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nebia Peker
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Surhan Çınar
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Altuntaş
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacı Mustafa Özdemir
- Orthopedics Department, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Cardoso JP, Calazans MIP, Carneiro ALFC, Costa CM, Monteiro ELO, Aristizábal LYG, Oliveira JDS, dos Santos AM. Association between multimorbidity, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-section study, 2020. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022226. [PMID: 36197353 PMCID: PMC10065096 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0226.r1.21072022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60-70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Paixão Cardoso
- PhD. Physiotherapist and Full Professor, Department of Health
II, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP), Universidade Estadual do
Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Pardo Calazans
- MSc. Physiotherapist and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program
in Nursing and Health, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP),
Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | | | - Cayara Mattos Costa
- MSc. Dental Surgeon, Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in
Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Edna Luisa Oliveira Monteiro
- MSc. Dental Surgeon, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry,
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Liliana Yanet Gómez Aristizábal
- PhD. Health Administrator, Postgraduate Program in Public
Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Oliveira
- PhD. Nurse and Full Professor, Department of Health II, Núcleo
de Estudos em Saúde da População (NESP), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da
Bahia, (UESB), Jequié (BA), Brazil
| | - Alcione Miranda dos Santos
- PhD. Statistician and Full Professor, Postgraduate Program in
Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA),
Brazil
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28
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Wong CKH, Lui DTW, Lui AYC, Low MCH, Kwok ACY, Lau KTK, Au ICH, Xiong X, Chung MSH, Lau EHY, Cowling BJ. Metformin Use in Relation to Clinical Outcomes and Hyperinflammatory Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis of a Territory-Wide Cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:810914. [PMID: 35321338 PMCID: PMC8935075 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.810914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Patients with T2DM with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and admitted between January 21, 2020, and January 31, 2021 in Hong Kong were identified in our cohort. Exposure was defined as metformin use within 90 days prior to admission until hospital discharge for COVID-19. Primary outcome was defined as clinical improvement of ≥1 point on the WHO Clinical Progression Scale (CPS). Other outcomes were hospital discharge, recovery, in-hospital death, acidosis, hyperinflammatory syndrome, length of hospitalization, and changes in WHO CPS score. RESULTS Metformin use was associated with greater odds of clinical improvement (OR = 2.74, p = 0.009), hospital discharge (OR = 2.26, p = 0.009), and recovery (OR = 2.54, p = 0.005), in addition to lower odds of hyperinflammatory syndrome (OR = 0.71, p = 0.021) and death (OR = 0.41, p = 0.010) than control. Patients on metformin treatment had a shorter hospital stay (-2.76 days, p = 0.017) than their control counterparts. The average WHO CPS scores were significantly lower in metformin users than non-users since day 15 (p < 0.001). However, metformin use was associated with higher odds of acidosis. CONCLUSIONS Metformin use was associated with lower mortality and lower odds for hyperinflammatory syndrome. This provides additional insights into the potential mechanisms of the benefits of metformin use in T2DM patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos K. H. Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Carlos K. H. Wong,
| | - David T. W. Lui
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angel Y. C. Lui
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marshall C. H. Low
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ashley C. Y. Kwok
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kristy T. K. Lau
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan C. H. Au
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew S. H. Chung
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric H. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin J. Cowling
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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The Identikit of Patient at Risk for Severe COVID-19 and Death: The Dysregulation of Renin-Angiotensin System as the Common Theme. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245883. [PMID: 34945176 PMCID: PMC8704645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several specific physiologic traits, such as male sex and older age, or health conditions, such as overweight/obesity, arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been found to be highly prevalent and associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients. All these cardiovascular morbidities are widespread in the population and often coexist, thus identifying a common patient phenotype, characterized by a hyper-activation of the “classic” renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and mediated by the binding of angiotensin II (Ang II) to the type 1-receptor. At the same time, the RAS imbalance was proved to be crucial in the genesis of lung injury after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, where angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE2) is not only the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, but its down-regulation through internalization and shedding, caused by the virus binding, leads to a further dysregulation of RAS by reducing angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) production. This focused narrative review will discuss the main available evidence on the role played by cardiovascular and metabolic conditions in severe COVID-19, providing a possible pathophysiological link based on the disequilibrium between the two opposite arms of RAS.
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Reshad RAI, Riana SH, Chowdhury MAB, Moin AT, Miah F, Sarkar B, Jewel NA. Diabetes in COVID-19 patients: challenges and possible management strategies. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8642747 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-021-00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been causing intense stress among the global population. In the case of hospitalized and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, it has been observed that a major portion of them are diabetic. Therefore, researchers had indicated a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and COVID-19. Furthermore, DM is a potential risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 cases. Thus, in this study, the correlation existing between diabetic patients and COVID-19 was summarized. Main body of the abstract Diabetic patients have a weaker immune system, less viral clearance rate, malfunctions of metabolic activity due to their high blood glucose level, and other associated problems. This does not increase the susceptibility for the patients to be infected with COVID-19. However, the severity of COVID-19 can worsen due to the comorbidity of DM. Short conclusion Proper management, appropriate use of drugs that do not increase the ACE2 expression, lowering blood glucose level, decreasing the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle could be effective.
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Yin Y, Rohli KE, Shen P, Lu H, Liu Y, Dou Q, Zhang L, Kong X, Yang S, Jia P. The epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management toward COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:899-909. [PMID: 34600859 PMCID: PMC8418914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes epidemiologic evidence of COVID-19 in patients with Type 2 diabetes, explores pathophysiological mechanisms, and integrates recommendations and guidelines for patient management. We found that diabetes was a risk factor for diagnosed infection and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Patients with diabetes may be more susceptible to adverse outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection due to impaired immune function and possible upregulation of enzymes that mediate viral invasion. The chronic inflammation caused by diabetes, coupled with the acute inflammatory reaction caused by SARS-CoV-2, results in a propensity for inflammatory storm. Patients with diabetes should be aware of their increased risk for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yin
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kristen E Rohli
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pengyue Shen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haonan Lu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyu Dou
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, Geriatric Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common comorbid conditions in persons with COVID-19 and a risk factor for poor prognosis. The reasons why COVID-19 is more severe in persons with DM are currently unknown although the scarce data available on patients with DM hospitalized because of COVID-19 show that glycemic control is inadequate. The fact that patients with COVID-19 are usually cared for by health professionals with limited experience in the management of diabetes and the need to prevent exposure to the virus may also be obstacles to glycemic control in patients with COVID-19. Effective clinical care should consider various aspects, including screening for the disease in at-risk persons, education, and monitoring of control and complications. We examine the effect of COVID-19 on DM in terms of glycemic control and the restrictions arising from the pandemic and assess management of diabetes and drug therapy in various scenarios, taking into account factors such as physical exercise, diet, blood glucose monitoring, and pharmacological treatment. Specific attention is given to patients who have been admitted to hospital and critically ill patients. Finally, we consider the role of telemedicine in the management of DM patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic and in the future.
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The risk factors potentially influencing risk of serious illness/death in people with diabetes, following SARS-CoV-2 infection: What needs to be done from here. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2021; 10:231-232. [PMID: 34765895 PMCID: PMC8575435 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Katsiki N, Gómez‐Huelgas R, Mikhailidis DP, Pérez‐Martínez P. Narrative review on clinical considerations for patients with diabetes and COVID-19: More questions than answers. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14833. [PMID: 34510676 PMCID: PMC8646329 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND-AIM Diabetes, obesity and hypertension are common comorbidities associated with increased severity and mortality rates from Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19. METHODS In this narrative review (using the PubMed database), we discuss epidemiological data and pathophysiological links between diabetes and COVID-19. The potential effects of glycaemic control and antidiabetic drugs on the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 are also reviewed, as well as the role of telemedicine and diabetes self-management in the post-COVID-19 era. RESULTS Diabetes has been linked to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, although further research is needed to elucidate this association. In the meantime, physicians should be aware of the potential rise in the prevalence of diabetes (due to unhealthy lifestyle changes during the pandemic), its severity and complications and focus on achieving optimal diabetes prevention and management. Telemedicine and diabetes self-management may help towards this direction. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may affect viral entry and infection, and thus COVID-19 outcomes, as shown in observational studies. CONCLUSION Diabetes has been associated with COVID-19 development and progression. Certain antidiabetic drugs may influence COVID-19 prevention and management. The results of ongoing randomized clinical trials will shed more light on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal MedicineDiabetes CenterDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismAHEPA University HospitalThessalonikiGreece
| | - Ricardo Gómez‐Huelgas
- Internal Medicine DepartmentRegional University Hospital of MálagaInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)Universidad de MalagaMalagaSpain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRoyal Free Hospital CampusUniversity College London Medical SchoolUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Pablo Pérez‐Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitDepartment of MedicineIMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de CordobaCordobaSpain
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Steenblock C, Schwarz PEH, Ludwig B, Linkermann A, Zimmet P, Kulebyakin K, Tkachuk VA, Markov AG, Lehnert H, de Angelis MH, Rietzsch H, Rodionov RN, Khunti K, Hopkins D, Birkenfeld AL, Boehm B, Holt RIG, Skyler JS, DeVries JH, Renard E, Eckel RH, Alberti KGMM, Geloneze B, Chan JC, Mbanya JC, Onyegbutulem HC, Ramachandran A, Basit A, Hassanein M, Bewick G, Spinas GA, Beuschlein F, Landgraf R, Rubino F, Mingrone G, Bornstein SR. COVID-19 and metabolic disease: mechanisms and clinical management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:786-798. [PMID: 34619105 PMCID: PMC8489878 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to 50% of the people who have died from COVID-19 had metabolic and vascular disorders. Notably, there are many direct links between COVID-19 and the metabolic and endocrine systems. Thus, not only are patients with metabolic dysfunction (eg, obesity, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes) at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 but also infection with SARS-CoV-2 might lead to new-onset diabetes or aggravation of pre-existing metabolic disorders. In this Review, we provide an update on the mechanisms of how metabolic and endocrine disorders might predispose patients to develop severe COVID-19. Additionally, we update the practical recommendations and management of patients with COVID-19 and post-pandemic. Furthermore, we summarise new treatment options for patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes, and highlight current challenges in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Konstantin Kulebyakin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannes Rietzsch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Hopkins
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK; Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Boehm
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jay S Skyler
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Amsterdam UMC, Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Henry C Onyegbutulem
- Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolic Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Nile University of Nigeria-Asokoro Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ambady Ramachandran
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr A Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority and Gulf Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gavin Bewick
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Giatgen A Spinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK; Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Sujan MSH, Tasnim R, Islam MS, Ferdous MZ, Apu MAR, Musfique MM, Pardhan S. COVID-19-specific diabetes worries amongst diabetic patients: The role of social support and other co-variates. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:778-785. [PMID: 34210639 PMCID: PMC8226038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every individual's life. It has been shown that mortality in people with underlying diseases including diabetes has been very high. The present study aimed to measure diabetes related worries (outcome) and their associations with social support and lifestyle (exposures) amongst people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 928 respondents (>18 years) between 15-11-2020 and 12-12-2020. The questionnaire comprised four sections: socio-demographic details, diabetic-related worries, social support, and behavioral changes due to COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical regression analysis were performed in the study. RESULTS Data from 928 respondents (51.61% male; mean age = 52.48 [SD = 11.76]; age range = 18-86 years) were analyzed. The mean score for COVID-19 specific diabetes worries was 3.13 out of 8. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the mean COVID-19-specific diabetes worries score was significantly associated with lower age, cigarette smoking, perceived poor health status, presence of other diabetic complications. Lack of social support from family, friends, work colleagues and diabetes care team and also eating more than usual were also significantly associated with COVID-19 specific diabetes worry. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes related worries were strongly associated with a lack of social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest the need of social support as well as improving knowledge and guidelines is important for people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Most Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Apu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Miftah Musfique
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge, UK.
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Czupryniak L, Dicker D, Lehmann R, Prázný M, Schernthaner G. The management of type 2 diabetes before, during and after Covid-19 infection: what is the evidence? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:198. [PMID: 34598700 PMCID: PMC8485772 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Covid-19 place new challenges on the management of type 2 diabetes, including the questions of whether glucose-lowering therapy should be adjusted during infection and how to manage a return to normal care after resolution of Covid-19 symptoms. Due to the sudden onset of the pandemic, physicians have by necessity made such important clinical decisions in the absence of robust evidence or consistent guidelines. The risk to patients is compounded by the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this population, which alongside diabetes is a major risk factor for severe disease and mortality in Covid-19. We convened as experts from the Central and Eastern European region to consider what advice we can provide in the setting of type 2 diabetes and Covid-19, considering the evidence before, during and after infection. We review recommendations that have been published to date, and consider the best available—but currently limited—evidence from large observational studies and the DARE-19 randomized control trial. Notably, we find a lack of guidance on restarting patients on optimal antidiabetic therapy after recovering from Covid-19, and suggest that this may provide an opportunity to optimize treatment and counter clinical inertia that predates the pandemic. Furthermore, we emphasize that optimization applies not only to glycaemic control, but other factors such as cardiorenal protection. While we look forward to the emergence of new evidence that we hope will address these gaps, in the interim we provide a perspective, based on our collective clinical experience, on how best to manage glucose-lowering therapy as patients with Covid-19 recover from their disease and return to normal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Czupryniak
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Centre, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger Lehmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Prázný
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guntram Schernthaner
- Department of Medicine I, Rudolfstiftung Hospital Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria. .,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Antonio-Arques V, Franch-Nadal J, Caylà JA. Diabetes and tuberculosis: A syndemic complicated by COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 157:288-293. [PMID: 34541325 PMCID: PMC8433042 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of infectious mortality in the world, affecting mainly developing countries (DC), while diabetes (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. This review analyzes the fact that diabetes is currently an important risk factor for developing TB, also presenting more complicated TB, more relapses and higher mortality. The DCs and the fourth world of the large cities are those with the highest incidence of TB and an increase in DM, which will make it difficult to control tuberculosis disease. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic is complicating the management of both diseases due to the difficulty of access to control and treatment and the worsening of socioeconomic inequalities. It is necessary to establish a bidirectional screening for TB and DM and promote recommendations for the joint management of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Antonio-Arques
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain.,Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Bordeta Magòria, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain.,Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Raval Sud - Drassanes, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan A Caylà
- Fundación de la Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Protecting our vulnerable in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learnt from Malta. Public Health 2021; 198:270-272. [PMID: 34492507 PMCID: PMC8354801 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 is a health burden threatening the elderly and those with comorbidities. Malta is an ageing and cardiometabolic country. The study depicts how Malta protected the elderly and the effect of vaccination on this subpopulation. Study design Observational study with quantitative analyses. Method Data were obtained from Malta’s COVID dashboard, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and Maltese newspapers. The case-fatality ratio (CFR) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) for COVID were calculated. Comparisons were made between COVID-19 mortality and YLL to the pre-COVID leading mortality causes. Comparative observations were made between positive and mortality cases stratified by age groups in relation to the cumulative vaccination doses. Results The elderly were cocooned during the first wave (CFR 0.98) through the Vulnerable Act, with only 10.80% of positive cases and seven out nine deaths above 65 years. The Vulnerable Act was not reinstated again, with 13.68% of positive cases and 91.34% (n = 369) of deaths above 65 years during the second wave (CRF 1.39). The elderly were given priority in COVID-19 vaccination rollout leading to an inverse relationship between positive cases/mortality and vaccination coverage. Conclusion The elderly should be protected with timely restrictions to reduce morbidity, mortality and burden on healthcare systems. Vaccination is key to protecting the elderly, although mitigation measures, such as physical distancing, are still required to prevent the resurgence of infections and hospitalizations, especially in this group.
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Varghese S, Kannappan P, Kanakasabapathi D, Madathil S, Perumalsamy M. Antidiabetic and antilipidemic effect of Clerodendrum paniculatum flower ethanolic extract. An in vivo investigation in Albino Wistar rats. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Robert AA, Al Saeed A, Al Dawish MA. COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102231. [PMID: 34330072 PMCID: PMC8302829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This review aims to report the current status of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, and programmatic efforts including vaccinations. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Google, and Scopus until July 15, 2021. RESULTS In Saudi Arabia, most studies have reported diabetes as one of the highly prevalent comorbidities among patients with COVID-19. Currently, there are limited studies from Saudi Arabia on the newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by COVID-19. The Saudi ministry has taken several measures to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, including comprehensive guidelines and prioritized vaccinations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telehealth services dramatically increased in diabetes clinics in Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSIONS Focused and evidence-based interventions are essential to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asirvatham Alwin Robert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulghani Al Saeed
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Eberle C, James-Todd T, Stichling S. SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic pregnancies: a systematic scoping review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:573. [PMID: 34416856 PMCID: PMC8379032 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, we suffer from an increasing diabetes pandemic and on the other hand from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Already at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was quickly assumed that certain groups are at increased risk to suffer from a severe course of COVID-19. There are serious concerns regarding potential adverse effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Diabetic pregnancies clearly need special care, but clinical implications as well as the complex interplay of diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 are currently unknown. We summarized the evidence on SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic pregnancies, including the identification of novel potential pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions as well as clinical outcomes and features, screening, and management approaches. METHODS We carried out a systematic scoping review in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection in September 2020. RESULTS We found that the prognosis of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 may be associated with potential underlying mechanisms such as a simplified viral uptake by ACE2, a higher basal value of pro-inflammatory cytokines, being hypoxemic as well as platelet activation, embolism, and preeclampsia. In the context of "trans-generational programming" and COVID-19, life-long consequences may be "programmed" during gestation by pro-inflammation, hypoxia, over- or under-expression of transporters and enzymes, and epigenetic modifications based on changes in the intra-uterine milieu. COVID-19 may cause new onset diabetes mellitus, and that vertical transmission from mother to baby might be possible. CONCLUSIONS Given the challenges in clinical management, the complex interplay between COVID-19 and diabetic pregnancies, evidence-based recommendations are urgently needed. Digital medicine is a future-oriented and effective approach in the context of clinical diabetes management. We anticipate our review to be a starting point to understand and analyze mechanisms and epidemiology to most effectively treat women with SARS-COV-2 and diabetes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eberle
- Medicine with specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda - University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stefanie Stichling
- Medicine with specialization in Internal Medicine and General Medicine, Hochschule Fulda - University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
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Tian Z, Heald AH, Stedman M, Fachim H, Livingston M, Gibson M, Peng Y, Ollier W. Age of people with type 2 diabetes and the risk of dying following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14053. [PMID: 34289646 PMCID: PMC8420526 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Tian
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Adrian H. Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologySalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | | | - Helene Fachim
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologySalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | - Mark Livingston
- Black Country Pathology ServicesWalsall Manor HospitalWalsallUK
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice at the University of WolverhamptonUK
| | - Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologySalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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Thakur N, Mandal D, Nagaiah TC. Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor surpassing water oxidation interference. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8399-8405. [PMID: 34319345 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical non-enzymatic sensor based on a NiVP/Pi material was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of glucose. The novel sensor showed a high sensitivity of 6.04 mA μM-1 cm-2 with a lowest detection limit of 3.7 nM in a wide detection range of 100 nM-10 mM. The proposed sensor exhibited a superior selectivity without any interference from the oxygen evolution reaction during glucose sensing. We also found that this glucose sensor showed negligible interference from various interferents, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine and sodium chloride. Additionally, a novel flexible sensor was developed by coating the NiVP/Pi over Whatman filter paper, which exhibited two linear ranges of 100 nM to 1 μM and 100 μM to 10 mM with an ultra-sensitivity of 1.130 mA μM-1 cm-2 and 0.746 mA μM-1 cm-2, respectively, in 0.1 M NaOH. The proposed sensor was tested with human blood serum samples demonstrating its practical application. Our findings provide a new route by fine tuning the composition of nickel and vanadium that sheds new light on better understanding the processes. This NiVP/Pi-based sensor offers a new approach towards the electrochemical detection of glucose, enabling glucose monitoring in a convenient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
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Both high and low pre-infection glucose levels associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19: New insights from a population-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254847. [PMID: 34293038 PMCID: PMC8297851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Patients with diabetes are known to be at increased risk for infections including severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the relationship between COVID-19 severity and specific pre-infection glucose levels is not known. Objective To assess the differential effects of pre-infection glucose levels on the risk for severe COVID-19 amongst patients with and without diabetes. Design Population based historical cohort study. Setting National state-mandated HMO. Patients All adult patients with a positive SARS-COV2 test between March-October 2020. Exposure Recent fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C), age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease. Outcome Risk for severe COVID-19, defined as resulting in ≥10 hospitalization days, ICU admission or death. Results 37,121 patients with a positive SARS-COV2 test were identified; 707 defined as severe (1.9%). Unadjusted risk factors for severe disease were age (OR = 1.1 for every year increase; 95% CI 1.09–1.11, p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.68, p = 0.012); BMI (OR = 1.02 for 1 kg/m2 increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.025). Controlling for these factors, we found an association between pre-infection FBG and the risk of severe COVID-19, with a differential effect in patients with and without a diagnosis of diabetes. For patients without diabetes, elevated FBG in the pre-diabetes range (106–125 mg/dl) was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 1.55 95% CI 1.04–2.26 p = 0.027). For patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, we found a J-shaped association between pre-infection glucose control and the risk for severe COVID-19 where the lowest risk for was for patients with FBG 106–125 mg/dl; the risk increased with higher pre-infection glucose levels but strikingly also for patients with a low pre-infection FBG (<100mg/dl) or HbA1C (<5.7%). Conclusions and relevance Elevated pre-infection blood glucose is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 even in non-diabetics. For patients with a diagnosis of diabetes both high as well as low pre-infection glucose levels are risk factors for severe COVID-19. Further research is required to assess whether these associations are causal, but we believe these findings can already have clinical implications for COVID-19 risk assessment and stratification.
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Verma AK, Beg MMA, Bhatt D, Dev K, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Goyal Y. Assessment and Management of Diabetic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3131-3146. [PMID: 34262317 PMCID: PMC8275137 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s285614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a great challenge across the globe, particularly in developing and densely populated countries, such as India. COVID-19 is extremely infectious and is transmitted via respiratory droplets from infected persons. DM, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent comorbidities associated with COVID-19. It has been observed that COVID-19 is associated with high blood-glucose levels, mainly in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several studies have shown DM to be a significant risk factor affecting the severity of various kinds of infection. Dysregulated immunoresponse found in diabetic patients plays an important role in exacerbating severity. DM is among the comorbidities linked with mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients. Chronic conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disorders, and hypertension, together with changed expression of ACE2, dysregulated immunoresponse, and endothelial dysfunction, may put diabetic patients at risk of greater COVID-19 severity. Therefore, it is important to study specific characteristics of COVID-19 in diabetic people and treat these comorbidities along with COVID-19 infection, mainly among old individuals who are already suffering from serious and critical infections. This review will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and DM, the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis, management of DM, and associated complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Verma
- Medical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepti Bhatt
- Medical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Medical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Medical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Anastasiou G, Hatziagelaki E, Liberopoulos E. Could Dapagliflozin Attenuate COVID-19 Progression in High-Risk Patients With or Without Diabetes? Behind DARE-19 Concept. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e12-e19. [PMID: 34001719 PMCID: PMC8253377 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies indicate that diabetes is the second most common comorbidity in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, exerts direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. DARE-19 (Dapagliflozin in Respiratory Failure in Patients With COVID-19), an ongoing clinical trial, is designed to investigate the impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 progression. This article discusses the potential favorable impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Anastasiou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
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The Impact of Comorbidities on the Outcomes of Egyptian COVID-19 Patients: A Follow-Up Study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:6662476. [PMID: 34239576 PMCID: PMC8214485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and adverse outcomes in patients with comorbidities (outcome: death). Methods A comparative follow-up investigation involving 148 confirmed cases of COVID-19 was performed for a month (between April and May 2020) at Qaha Hospital to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes resulting from comorbidities. Participants were divided into two clusters based on the presence of comorbidities. Group I comprised cases with comorbidities, and Group II included subjects without comorbidity. Survival distributions were outlined for the group with comorbidities after the follow-up period. Results Fever (74.3%), headache (78.4%), cough (78.4%), sore throat (78.4%), fatigue (78.4%), and shortness of breath (86.5%) were the most prevalent symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Such patients also suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome (37.8%) and pneumonia three times more than patients without comorbidities. The survival distributions were statistically significant (chi-square = 26.06, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Multiple comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are linked to severe clinical symptoms, disease complications, and critical disease progression. The presence of one or more comorbidities worsened the survival rate of patients.
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Szunerits S, Melinte S, Barras A, Pagneux Q, Voronova A, Abderrahmani A, Boukherroub R. The impact of chemical engineering and technological advances on managing diabetes: present and future concepts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2102-2146. [PMID: 33325917 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring blood glucose levels for diabetic patients is critical to achieve tight glycaemic control. As none of the current antidiabetic treatments restore lost functional β-cell mass in diabetic patients, insulin injections and the use of insulin pumps are most widely used in the management of glycaemia. The use of advanced and intelligent chemical engineering, together with the incorporation of micro- and nanotechnological-based processes have lately revolutionized diabetic management. The start of this concept goes back to 1974 with the description of an electrode that repeatedly measures the level of blood glucose and triggers insulin release from an infusion pump to enter the blood stream from a small reservoir upon need. Next to the insulin pumps, other drug delivery routes, including nasal, transdermal and buccal, are currently investigated. These processes necessitate competences from chemists, engineers-alike and innovative views of pharmacologists and diabetologists. Engineered micro and nanostructures hold a unique potential when it comes to drug delivery applications required for the treatment of diabetic patients. As the technical aspects of chemistry, biology and informatics on medicine are expanding fast, time has come to step back and to evaluate the impact of technology-driven chemistry on diabetics and how the bridges from research laboratories to market products are established. In this review, the large variety of therapeutic approaches proposed in the last five years for diabetic patients are discussed in an applied context. A survey of the state of the art of closed-loop insulin delivery strategies in response to blood glucose level fluctuation is provided together with insights into the emerging key technologies for diagnosis and drug development. Chemical engineering strategies centered on preserving and regenerating functional pancreatic β-cell mass are evoked in addition as they represent a permanent solution for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sorin Melinte
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Quentin Pagneux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Anna Voronova
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Norouzi M, Norouzi S, Ruggiero A, Khan MS, Myers S, Kavanagh K, Vemuri R. Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1211. [PMID: 34205044 PMCID: PMC8229474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has generated a notable challenge for diabetic patients. Overall, people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing different infectious diseases and demonstrate increased mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression and its severity, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity is unclear; however, it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Using the envelope spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, a key protein expressed in metabolic organs and tissues such as pancreatic islets. Therefore, it has been suggested that diabetic patients are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as glucose metabolism impairments complicate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease in these patients. In this review, we provide insight into the COVID-19 disease complications relevant to diabetes and try to focus on the present data and growing concepts surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infections in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61355, Iran;
| | - Shaghayegh Norouzi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Alistaire Ruggiero
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Mohammad S. Khan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Stephen Myers
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.R.); (K.K.)
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (A.R.); (K.K.)
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