1
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Yang T, Liu Z, Zhang T, Liu Y. Hybrid nano-stimulator for specific amplification of oxidative stress and precise tumor treatment. J Drug Target 2024:1-58. [PMID: 38832845 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2349112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to target cancer cells has become a hot topic in tumor therapy. Although ROS has strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells, the key issue currently is how to generate a large amount of ROS within tumor cells. Organic/inorganic hybrid nanoreactor materials combine the advantages of organic and inorganic components and can amplify cancer treatment by increasing targeting and material self-action. The multifunctional organic/inorganic hybrid nanoreactor is helpful to overcome the shortcomings of current reactive oxygen species in cancer treatment. It can realize the combination of in situ dynamic therapy and immunotherapy strategies, and has a synergistic anti-tumor effect. This paper reviews the research progress of organic/inorganic hybrid nanoreactor materials using tumor components to amplify reactive oxygen species for cancer treatment.The article reviews the tumor treatment strategies of nanohybrids from the perspectives of cancer cells, immune cells, tumor microenvironment, as well as 3D printing and electrospinning techniques, which are different from traditional nanomaterial technologies, and will arouse interest among scientists in tumor therapy and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, No. 692, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
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2
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Rahmat JN, Liu J, Chen T, Li Z, Zhang Y. Engineered biological nanoparticles as nanotherapeutics for tumor immunomodulation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5862-5903. [PMID: 38716589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, or bionanoparticles, are small molecules manufactured in living systems with complex production and assembly machinery. The products of the assembly systems can be further engineered to generate functionalities for specific purposes. These bionanoparticles have demonstrated advantages such as immune system evasion, minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, and biological clearance. Hence, bionanoparticles are considered the new paradigm in nanoscience research for fabricating safe and effective nanoformulations for therapeutic purposes. Harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate malignancies is a viable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes with long-term protection from disease recurrence. However, cancerous tissues have evolved to become invisible to immune recognition and to transform the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive dwelling, thwarting the immune defense systems and creating a hospitable atmosphere for cancer growth and progression. Thus, it is pertinent that efforts in fabricating nanoformulations for immunomodulation are mindful of the tumor-induced immune aberrations that could render cancer nanotherapy inoperable. This review systematically categorizes the immunosuppression mechanisms, the regulatory immunosuppressive cellular players, and critical suppressive molecules currently targeted as breakthrough therapies in the clinic. Finally, this review will summarize the engineering strategies for affording immune moderating functions to bionanoparticles that tip the tumor microenvironment (TME) balance toward cancer elimination, a field still in the nascent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwita N Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZhiHong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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3
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Sudo M, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto J. Carbon Ion Irradiation Activates Anti-Cancer Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2830. [PMID: 38474078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion beams have the unique property of higher linear energy transfer, which causes clustered damage of DNA, impacting the cell repair system. This sometimes triggers apoptosis and the release in the cytoplasm of damaged DNA, leading to type I interferon (IFN) secretion via the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Dendritic cells phagocytize dead cancer cells and damaged DNA derived from injured cancer cells, which together activate dendritic cells to present cancer-derived antigens to antigen-specific T cells in the lymph nodes. Thus, carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) activates anti-cancer immunity. However, cancer is protected by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of pro-cancerous immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. The TME is too robust to be destroyed by the CIRT-mediated anti-cancer immunity. Various modalities targeting regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages have been developed. Preclinical studies have shown that CIRT-mediated anti-cancer immunity exerts its effects in the presence of these modalities. In this review article, we provide an overview of CIRT-mediated anti-cancer immunity, with a particular focus on recently identified means of targeting the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
- Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
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4
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Zhao X, Li X, Xu Y. Ferroptosis: a dual-edged sword in tumour growth. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1330910. [PMID: 38273826 PMCID: PMC10808349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of non-apoptotic cell death, is distinguished by its dependence on iron-triggered lipid peroxidation and accumulation of iron. It has been linked to various disorders, including the development of tumours. Interestingly, ferroptosis appears to exhibit a dual role in the context of tumour growth. This article provides a thorough exploration of the inherent ambivalence within ferroptosis, encompassing both its facilitation and inhibition of tumorous proliferation. It examines potential therapeutic targets associated with ferroptosis, the susceptibility of cancerous cells to ferroptosis, strategies to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, the interaction between ferroptosis and the immune response to tumours, and the fundamental mechanisms governing ferroptosis-induced tumour progression. A comprehensive understanding of how ferroptosis contributes to tumour biology and the strategic management of its dual nature are crucial for maximizing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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5
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Cui X, Li X, Peng C, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Fei JF. Beyond External Light: On-Spot Light Generation or Light Delivery for Highly Penetrated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20776-20803. [PMID: 37874930 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
External light sources, such as lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lamps, are widely applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT); however, their use is severely limited by the nature of shallow tissue penetration depth. The recent exploration of light delivery or local generation on tumor sites has attracted much attention, owing to the fact that these systems are significantly endowed with high tissue penetration. In this review, we briefly introduced the principle of "on-spot light generation or delivery systems" in PDT. These systems are divided into different categories: (1) implantable luminescence, (2) mechanoluminescence, (3) electrochemiluminescence, (4) Cerenkov luminescence, (5) chemiluminescence, and (6) bioluminescence. Finally, their applications, advantages, and disadvantages in PDT will be appropriately summarized and further discussed in detail. We believe that this review will provide general guidance for the further design of light generation or delivery systems and clinical studies for PDT-mediated cancer treatments with unparalleled merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cui
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Feng Fei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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6
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Xu JZ, Xia QD, Sun JX, Liu CQ, Lu JL, Xu MY, An Y, Xun Y, Liu Z, Hu J, Li C, Wang SG. Establishment of a novel indicator of pyroptosis regulated gene transcription level and its application in pan-cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17911. [PMID: 37863886 PMCID: PMC10589244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death and plays a dual role in distinct cancers. It is elusive to evaluate the activation level of pyroptosis and to appraise the involvement of pyroptosis in the occurrence and development of diverse tumors. Accordingly, we herein established an indicator to evaluate pyroptosis related gene transcription levels based on the expression level of genes involved in pyroptosis and tried to elaborated on the association between pyroptosis and tumors across diverse tumor types. We found that pyroptosis related gene transcription levels could predict the prognosis of patients, which could act as either a favorable or a dreadful factor in diverse cancers. According to signaling pathway analyses we observed that pyroptosis played a significant role in immune regulation and tumorigenesis and had strong links with other forms of cell death. We also performed analysis on the crosstalk between pyroptosis and immune status and further investigated the predictive potential of pyroptosis level for the efficacy of immunotherapy. Lastly, we manifested that pyroptosis status could serve as a biomarker to the efficacy of chemotherapy across various cancers. In summary, this study established a quantitative indicator to evaluate pyroptosis related gene transcription levels, systematically explored the role of pyroptosis in pan-cancer. These results could provide potential research directions targeting pyroptosis, and highlighted that pyroptosis may be used to develop a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhou Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen-Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Lin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Yao Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye An
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Edgerton M, Rojas I, Kumar R, Li R, Salvatori O, Abrams S, Irimia D. Neutrophil swarms containing myeloid-derived suppressor cells are crucial for limiting oral mucosal infection by C. albicans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3346012. [PMID: 37886517 PMCID: PMC10602121 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3346012/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal colonization by C. albicans (Ca) is benign in healthy people but progresses to deeper infection known as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) that may become disseminated when combined with immunosuppression. Cortisone-induced immunosuppression is a well-known risk factor for OPC, however the mechanism by which it permits infection is poorly understood. Neutrophils are the primary early sentinels preventing invasive fungal growth, and here we identify that in vivo neutrophil functional complexes known as swarms are crucial for preventing Ca invasion which are disrupted by cortisone. Neutrophil swarm function required leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) expression, and swarms were further characterized by peripheral association of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) showing that OPC recruits PMN-MDSCs to this site of infection. Furthermore, PMN-MDSCs associated with Ca hyphae had no direct antifungal effect but showed prolonged survival times and increased autophagy. Thus in vivo neutrophil swarms are complex structures with spatially associated PMN-MDSCs that likely contribute immunoregulatory functions to resolve OPC. These swarm structures have an important function in preventing deep invasion by Ca within the oral mucosa and represent a mechanism for increased disease severity under immune deficient clinical settings.
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8
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Zhou X, An B, Lin Y, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Molecular mechanisms of ROS-modulated cancer chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115036. [PMID: 37354814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main obstacle to achieving a cure in many cancer patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are master regulators of cancer development that act through complex mechanisms. Remarkably, ROS levels and antioxidant content are typically higher in drug-resistant cancer cells than in non-resistant and normal cells, and have been shown to play a central role in modulating drug resistance. Therefore, determining the underlying functions of ROS in the modulation of drug resistance will contribute to develop therapies that sensitize cancer resistant cells by leveraging ROS modulation. In this review, we summarize the notable literature on the sources and regulation of ROS production and highlight the complex roles of ROS in cancer chemoresistance, encompassing transcription factor-mediated chemoresistance, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the potential of ROS-targeted therapies in overcoming tumor therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Biao An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanghong Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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9
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Huang J, Zhao Y, Zhao K, Yin K, Wang S. Function of reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226443. [PMID: 37646034 PMCID: PMC10461062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population and serve as a vital contributor to the tumor microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and are involved in regulating normal biological activities and disease progression. MDSCs can produce ROS to fulfill their immunosuppressive activity and eliminate excessive ROS to survive comfily through the redox system. This review focuses on how MDSCs survive and function in high levels of ROS and summarizes immunotherapy targeting ROS in MDSCs. The distinctive role of ROS in MDSCs will inspire us to widely apply the blocked oxidative stress strategy in targeting MDSC therapy to future clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Tian W, Chu X, Tanzhu G, Zhou R. Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:244. [PMID: 37020242 PMCID: PMC10077682 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy of ICIs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be a powerful ally to ICIs due to its trait of disrupting the BBB/BTB and increasing the immunogenicity of brain metastases. The combination of SRS + ICI has shown synergy in brain metastases in several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, the optimal schedule for the combination of SRS and ICI in brain metastases is yet to be determined. In this review, we summarized the current clinical and preclinical evidence on the timing and sequence of SRS + ICI to provide insight into the current state of knowledge about this important area in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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11
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Feng J, Read OJ, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Nrf2 in TIME: The Emerging Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Mol Cells 2023; 46:142-152. [PMID: 36927604 PMCID: PMC10070167 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediates the cellular antioxidant response, allowing adaptation and survival under conditions of oxidative, electrophilic and inflammatory stress, and has a role in metabolism, inflammation and immunity. Activation of Nrf2 provides broad and long-lasting cytoprotection, and is often hijacked by cancer cells, allowing their survival under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, Nrf2 activation in established human tumors is associated with resistance to chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapies. In addition to cancer cells, Nrf2 activation can also occur in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and facilitate an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Several cancer cell-derived metabolites, such as itaconate, L-kynurenine, lactic acid and hyaluronic acid, play an important role in modulating the TIME and tumor-TAMs crosstalk, and have been shown to activate Nrf2. The effects of Nrf2 in TIME are context-depended, and involve multiple mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and kynureninase, accelerated catabolism of cytotoxic labile heme, and facilitating the metabolic adaptation of TAMs. This understanding presents both challenges and opportunities for strategic targeting of Nrf2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Feng
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Oliver J. Read
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Han J, Wan M, Ma Z, Yi H. Regulation of DNA-PK activity promotes the progression of TNBC via enhancing the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5939-5952. [PMID: 36373232 PMCID: PMC10028116 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is engaged in DNA damage repair and is significantly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Inhibiting DNA-PK to reduce DNA damage repair provides a possibility of tumor treatment. NU7441, a DNA-PK inhibitor, can regulate the function and differentiation of CD4+ T cells and effectively enhance immunogenicity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. However, the effect of NU7441 on the tumor progression activity of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in TNBC remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found that NU7441 alone significantly increased tumor growth in 4 T1 (a mouse TNBC cell line) tumor-bearing mice. Bioinformatics analysis showed that DNA-PK and functional markers of MDSCs (iNOS, Arg1, and IDO) tended to coexist in breast cancer patients. The mutations of these genes were significantly correlated with lower survival in breast cancer patients. Moreover, NU7441 significantly decreased the percentage of MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen and tumor, but enhanced the immunosuppressive function of splenic MDSCs. Furthermore, NU7441 increased MDSCs' DNA-PK and pDNA-PK protein levels in PBMCs and in the spleen and increased DNA-PK mRNA expression and expression of MDSCs functional markers in splenic MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice. NU7441 combined with gemcitabine reduced tumor volume, which may be because gemcitabine eliminated the remaining MDSCs with enhanced immunosuppressive ability. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that the regulation of DNA-PK activity by NU7441 promotes TNBC progression via enhancing the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs. Moreover, NU7441 combined with gemcitabine offers an efficient therapeutic approach for TNBC and merits deeper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Minjie Wan
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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Khanam A, Kottilil S. New Therapeutics for HCC: Does Tumor Immune Microenvironment Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010437. [PMID: 36613878 PMCID: PMC9820509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver cancer is continuously rising where hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common form of liver cancer accounting for approximately 80-90% of the cases. HCC is strongly prejudiced by the tumor microenvironment and being an inflammation-associated condition, the contribution of various immune mechanisms is critical in its development, progression, and metastasis. The tumor immune microenvironment is initially inflammatory which is subsequently replenished by the immunosuppressive cells contributing to tumor immune escape. Regardless of substantial advancement in systemic therapy, HCC has poor prognosis and outcomes attributed to the drug resistance, recurrence, and its metastatic behavior. Therefore, currently, new immunotherapeutic strategies are extensively targeted in preclinical and clinical settings in order to elicit robust HCC-specific immune responses and appear to be quite effective, extending current treatment alternatives. Understanding the complex interplay between the tumor and the immune cells and its microenvironment will provide new insights into designing novel immunotherapeutics to overcome existing treatment hurdles. In this review, we have provided a recent update on immunological mechanisms associated with HCC and discussed potential advancement in immunotherapies for HCC treatment.
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14
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Kim R, Hashimoto A, Markosyan N, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Kar G, Fu S, Sehgal M, Garcia-Gerique L, Kossenkov A, Gebregziabher BA, Tobias JW, Hicks K, Halpin RA, Cvetesic N, Deng H, Donthireddy L, Greenberg A, Nam B, Vonderheide RH, Nefedova Y, Kagan VE, Gabrilovich DI. Ferroptosis of tumour neutrophils causes immune suppression in cancer. Nature 2022; 612:338-346. [PMID: 36385526 PMCID: PMC9875862 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that is triggered by the discoordination of regulatory redox mechanisms culminating in massive peroxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipids. Ferroptosis inducers have shown considerable effectiveness in killing tumour cells in vitro, yet there has been no obvious success in experimental animal models, with the notable exception of immunodeficient mice1,2. This suggests that the effect of ferroptosis on immune cells remains poorly understood. Pathologically activated neutrophils (PMNs), termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), are major negative regulators of anti-tumour immunity3-5. Here we found that PMN-MDSCs in the tumour microenvironment spontaneously die by ferroptosis. Although decreasing the presence of PMN-MDSCs, ferroptosis induces the release of oxygenated lipids and limits the activity of human and mouse T cells. In immunocompetent mice, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis abrogates suppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs, reduces tumour progression and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade to suppress the tumour growth. By contrast, induction of ferroptosis in immunocompetent mice promotes tumour growth. Thus, ferroptosis is a unique and targetable immunosuppressive mechanism of PMN-MDSCs in the tumour microenvironment that can be pharmacologically modulated to limit tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kim
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nune Markosyan
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gozde Kar
- Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, Translational Medicine, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shuyu Fu
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohit Sehgal
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristin Hicks
- Early Oncology R&D, ICC, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Hui Deng
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Greenberg
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Magalhães-Gama F, Alves-Hanna FS, Araújo ND, Barros MS, Silva FS, Catão CLS, Moraes JS, Freitas IC, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Costa AG. The Yin-Yang of myeloid cells in the leukemic microenvironment: Immunological role and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1071188. [PMID: 36532078 PMCID: PMC9751477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukemic microenvironment has a high diversity of immune cells that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. However, our understanding of the biology, immunology, and clinical implications underlying these cells remains poorly investigated. Among the resident immune cells that can infiltrate the leukemic microenvironment are myeloid cells, which correspond to a heterogeneous cell group of the innate immune system. They encompass populations of neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells can be abundant in different tissues and, in the leukemic microenvironment, are associated with the clinical outcome of the patient, acting dichotomously to contribute to leukemic progression or stimulate antitumor immune responses. In this review, we detail the current evidence and the many mechanisms that indicate that the activation of different myeloid cell populations may contribute to immunosuppression, survival, or metastatic dissemination, as well as in immunosurveillance and stimulation of specific cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, we broadly discuss the interactions of tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages (TANs and TAMs, respectively) and MDSCs in the leukemic microenvironment. Finally, we provide new perspectives on the potential of myeloid cell subpopulations as predictive biomarkers of therapeutical response, as well as potential targets in the chemoimmunotherapy of leukemias due to their dual Yin-Yang roles in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mateus Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flavio Souza Silva
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Claudio Lucas Santos Catão
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Júlia Santos Moraes
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izabela Cabral Freitas
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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16
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Colligan SH, Amitrano AM, Zollo RA, Peresie J, Kramer ED, Morreale B, Barbi J, Singh PK, Yu H, Wang J, Opyrchal M, Sykes DB, Nemeth MJ, Abrams SI. Inhibiting the biogenesis of myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhances immunotherapy efficacy against mammary tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158661. [PMID: 36453551 PMCID: PMC9711879 DOI: 10.1172/jci158661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape in oncology, they are effective in select subsets of patients. Efficacy may be limited by tumor-driven immune suppression, of which 1 key mechanism is the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). A fundamental gap in MDSC therapeutics is the lack of approaches that target MDSC biogenesis. We hypothesized that targeting MDSC biogenesis would mitigate MDSC burden and bolster tumor responses to ICIs. We tested a class of agents, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors, that have been previously shown to restore the terminal differentiation of leukemic myeloid progenitors. DHODH inhibitors have demonstrated preclinical safety and are under clinical study for hematologic malignancies. Using mouse models of mammary cancer that elicit robust MDSC responses, we demonstrated that the DHODH inhibitor brequinar (a) suppressed MDSC production from early-stage myeloid progenitors, which was accompanied by enhanced myeloid maturation; (b) augmented the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of programmed cell death 1-based (PD-1-based) ICI therapy in ICI-resistant mammary cancer models; and (c) acted in concert with PD-1 blockade through modulation of MDSC and CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, brequinar facilitated myeloid maturation and inhibited immune-suppressive features in human bone marrow culture systems. These findings advance the concept of MDSC differentiation therapy in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Jin Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhou C, Yang H, Zhou S. Regulation of autophagy fires up the cold tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018903. [PMID: 36300110 PMCID: PMC9589261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic tumors resistant to traditional therapies. However, the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME) results in a weak response to immunotherapy. Therefore, to realize the full potential of immunotherapy and obstacle barriers, it is essential to explore how to convert cold TME to hot TME. Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that preserves cellular stability in the cellular components of the TME, contributing to the characterization of the immunosuppressive TME. Targeted autophagy ignites immunosuppressive TME by influencing antigen release, antigen presentation, antigen recognition, and immune cell trafficking, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and components of TME, explore the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in the characterization and regulation of TME, and discuss autophagy-based therapies as adjuvant enhancers of immunotherapy to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Suna Zhou, ; HaihuaYang,
| | - Suna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Suna Zhou, ; HaihuaYang,
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18
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Sui H, Dongye S, Liu X, Xu X, Wang L, Jin CQ, Yao M, Gong Z, Jiang D, Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu H, Jiang G, Su Y. Immunotherapy of targeting MDSCs in tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:990463. [PMID: 36131911 PMCID: PMC9484521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.990463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous cells which are abnormally accumulated during the differentiation of myeloid cells. Immunosuppression is the main functional feature of MDSCs, which inhibit T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote tumoral immune escape. The main principle for immunotherapy is to modulate, restore, and remodel the plasticity and potential of immune system to have an effective anti-tumor response. In the TME, MDSCs are major obstacles to cancer immunotherapy through reducing the anti-tumor efficacy and making tumor cells more resistant to immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting MDSCs treatment becomes the priority of relevant studies and provides new immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we mainly discuss the functions and mechanisms of MDSCs as well as their functional changes in the TME. Further, we review therapeutic effects of immunotherapy against MDSCs and potential breakthroughs regarding immunotherapy targeting MDSCs and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Sui
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengyi Dongye
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Christopher Q. Jin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Minhua Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqing Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daniel Jiang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute of Kashgar, Kashgar City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, ; Guomin Jiang, ; Yanping Su,
| | - Guomin Jiang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, ; Guomin Jiang, ; Yanping Su,
| | - Yanping Su
- Department of Histology and Embryolog, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liu, ; Guomin Jiang, ; Yanping Su,
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19
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The function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 lymphopenia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109277. [PMID: 36206651 PMCID: PMC9513342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic and presents a significant danger to public health. Lymphopenia is considered to be the defining characteristic of severe COVID-19, especially in elderly people. Lymphopenia has been suggested as a pivotal factor in disease severity. To minimize mortality in COVID-19 patients, it is essential to have a deeper understanding of the processes behind lymphocytopenia. Recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been confirmed as a key mediator of lymphopenia. MDSCs are characterized by their powerful capacity to suppress T cells and eventually contribute to the course of illness. Targeting these cells may improve the disease prognosis. In this article, we analyze the available research on MDSCs in lymphopenia and discuss their immunopathologic changes and prospective therapeutic targets in patients with COVID-19 lymphocytopenia.
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Dong H, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Deng H. Pathophysiology of RAGE in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931473. [PMID: 35967420 PMCID: PMC9373849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a non-specific multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor capable of binding to a range of structurally diverse ligands, expressed on a variety of cell types, and performing different functions. The ligand-RAGE axis can trigger a range of signaling events that are associated with diabetes and its complications, neurological disorders, cancer, inflammation and other diseases. Since RAGE is involved in the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, targeting RAGE may be an effective strategy to block RAGE signaling.
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21
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Geng A, Flint E, Bernsmeier C. Plasticity of monocytes and macrophages in cirrhosis of the liver. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:937739. [PMID: 36926073 PMCID: PMC10013015 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.937739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis of the liver is a systemic condition with raising prevalence worldwide. Patients with cirrhosis are highly susceptible to develop bacterial infections leading to acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure both associated with a high morbidity and mortality and sparse therapeutic options other than transplantation. Mononuclear phagocytes play a central role in innate immune responses and represent a first line of defence against pathogens. Their function includes phagocytosis, killing of bacteria, antigen presentation, cytokine production as well as recruitment and activation of immune effector cells. Liver injury and development of cirrhosis induces activation of liver resident Kupffer cells and recruitment of monocytes to the liver. Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns promote systemic inflammation which involves multiple compartments besides the liver, such as the circulation, gut, peritoneal cavity and others. The function of circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages is severely impaired and worsens along with cirrhosis progression. The underlying mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood. Recent 'omics' technologies help to transform our understanding of cellular diversity and function in health and disease. In this review we point out the current state of knowledge on phenotypical and functional changes of monocytes and macrophages during cirrhosis evolution in different compartments and their role in disease progression. We also discuss the value of potential prognostic markers for cirrhosis-associated immuneparesis, and future immunotherapeutic strategies that may reduce the need for transplantation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geng
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Flint
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Branch HA, Klingler AN, Byers KJRP, Panofsky A, Peers D. Discussions of the "Not So Fit": How Ableism Limits Diverse Thought and Investigative Potential in Evolutionary Biology. Am Nat 2022; 200:101-113. [PMID: 35737982 DOI: 10.1086/720003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AbstractEvolutionary biology and many of its foundational concepts are grounded in a history of ableism and eugenics. The field has not made a concerted effort to divest our concepts and investigative tools from this fraught history, and as a result, an ableist investigative lens has persisted in present-day evolutionary research, limiting the scope of research and harming the ability to communicate and synthesize knowledge about evolutionary processes. This failure to divest from our eugenicist and ableist history has harmed progress in evolutionary biology and allowed principles from evolutionary biology to continue to be weaponized against marginalized communities in the modern day. To rectify this problem, scholars in evolutionary research must come to terms with how the history of the field has influenced their investigations and work to establish a new framework for defining and investigating concepts such as selection and fitness.
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23
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Hypoxia as a Modulator of Inflammation and Immune Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092291. [PMID: 35565420 PMCID: PMC9099524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear association between hypoxia and cancer has heretofore been established; however, it has not been completely developed. In this sense, the understanding of the tumoral microenvironment is critical to dissect the complexity of cancer, including the reduction in oxygen distribution inside the tumoral mass, defined as tumoral hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia not only influences the tumoral cells but also the surrounding cells, including those related to the inflammatory processes. In this review, we analyze the participation of HIF, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways as the main components that interconnect hypoxia and immune response and how they modulate tumoral growth. In addition, we closely examine the participation of the immune cells and how they are affected by hypoxia, the effects of the progression of cancer, and some innovative applications that take advantage of this knowledge, to suggest potential therapies. Therefore, we contribute to the understanding of the complexity of cancer to propose innovative therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Hao Z, Li R, Wang Y, Li S, Hong Z, Han Z. Landscape of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell in Tumor Immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:77. [PMID: 34689842 PMCID: PMC8543853 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a group of immature cells that produced by emergency myelopoiesis. Emerging evidences have identified the vital role of MDSC in cancer microenvironment, in which MDSC exerts both immunological and non-immunological activities to assist the progression of cancer. Advances in pre-clinical research have provided us the understanding of MDSC in cancer context from the perspective of molecular mechanism. In clinical scenario, MDSC and its subsets have been discovered to exist in peripheral blood and tumor site of patients from various types of cancers. In this review, we highlight the clinical value of MDSC in predicting prognosis of cancer patients and the responses of immunotherapies, therefore to propose the MDSC-inhibiting strategy in the scenario of cancer immunotherapies. Phenotypes and biological functions of MDSC in cancer microenvironment are comprehensively summarized to provide potential targets of MDSC-inhibiting strategy from the aspect of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecology and Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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25
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Kotze LA, Leukes VN, Fang Z, Lutz MB, Fitzgerald BL, Belisle J, Loxton AG, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Evaluation of autophagy mediators in myeloid-derived suppressor cells during human tuberculosis. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104426. [PMID: 34469846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are induced during active TB disease to restore immune homeostasis but instead exacerbate disease outcome due to chronic inflammation. Autophagy, in conventional phagocytes, ensures successful clearance of M.tb. However, autophagy has been demonstrated to induce prolonged MDSC survival. Here we investigate the relationship between autophagy mediators and MDSC in the context of active TB disease and during anti-TB therapy. We demonstrate a significant increase in MDSC frequencies in untreated active TB cases with these MDSC expressing TLR4 and significantly more mTOR and IL-6 than healthy controls, with mTOR levels decreasing during anti-TB therapy. Finally, we show that HMGB1 serum concentrations decrease in parallel with mTOR. These findings suggest a complex interplay between MDSC and autophagic mediators, potentially dependent on cellular localisation and M.tb infection state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinzeigh N Leukes
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zhuo Fang
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bryna L Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - John Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Andre G Loxton
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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26
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Veglia F, Sanseviero E, Gabrilovich DI. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:485-498. [PMID: 33526920 PMCID: PMC7849958 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 251.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils and monocytes with potent immunosuppressive activity. They are implicated in the regulation of immune responses in many pathological conditions and are closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Recent studies have indicated key distinctions between MDSCs and classical neutrophils and monocytes, and, in this Review, we discuss new data on the major genomic and metabolic characteristics of MDSCs. We explain how these characteristics shape MDSC function and could facilitate therapeutic targeting of these cells, particularly in cancer and in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we briefly discuss emerging data on MDSC involvement in pregnancy, neonatal biology and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Veglia
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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27
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Du T, Gao J, Li P, Wang Y, Qi Q, Liu X, Li J, Wang C, Du L. Pyroptosis, metabolism, and tumor immune microenvironment. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e492. [PMID: 34459122 PMCID: PMC8329701 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to a wide range of stimulations, host cells activate pyroptosis, a kind of inflammatory cell death which is provoked by the cytosolic sensing of danger signals and pathogen infection. In manipulating the cleavage of gasdermins (GSDMs), researchers have found that GSDM proteins serve as the real executors and the deterministic players in fate decisions of pyroptotic cells. Whether inflammatory characteristics induced by pyroptosis could cause damage the host or improve immune activity is largely dependent on the context, timing, and response degree. Here, we systematically review current points involved in regulatory mechanisms and the multidimensional roles of pyroptosis in several metabolic diseases and the tumor microenvironment. Targeting pyroptosis may reveal potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Du
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker DetectionJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical LaboratoryJinanShandongChina
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker DetectionJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical LaboratoryJinanShandongChina
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28
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CD8 + T cells inhibit metastasis and CXCL4 regulates its function. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:176-189. [PMID: 33795809 PMCID: PMC8292398 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which immune cells regulate metastasis is unclear. Understanding the role of immune cells in metastasis will guide the development of treatments improving patient survival. METHODS We used syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumour models (wild-type, NOD/scid and Nude), employed knockout (CD8 and CD4) models and administered CXCL4. Tumours and lungs were analysed for cancer cells by bioluminescence, and circulating tumour cells were isolated from blood. Immunohistochemistry on the mouse tumours was performed to confirm cell type, and on a tissue microarray with 180 TNBCs for human relevance. TCGA data from over 10,000 patients were analysed as well. RESULTS We reveal that intratumoral immune infiltration differs between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours. The non-metastatic tumours harbour high levels of CD8+ T cells and low levels of platelets, which is reverse in metastatic tumours. During tumour progression, platelets and CXCL4 induce differentiation of monocytes into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which inhibit CD8+ T-cell function. TCGA pan-cancer data confirmed that CD8lowPlatelethigh patients have a significantly lower survival probability compared to CD8highPlateletlow. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells inhibit metastasis. When the balance between CD8+ T cells and platelets is disrupted, platelets produce CXCL4, which induces MDSCs thereby inhibiting the CD8+ T-cell function.
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Luo X, Xu J, Yu J, Yi P. Shaping Immune Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692360. [PMID: 34248988 PMCID: PMC8261131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal signaling between immune cells and ovarian cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment can alter immune responses and regulate disease progression. These signaling events are regulated by multiple factors, including genetic and epigenetic alterations in both the ovarian cancer cells and immune cells, as well as cytokine pathways. Multiple immune cell types are recruited to the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment, and new insights about the complexity of their interactions have emerged in recent years. The growing understanding of immune cell function in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment has important implications for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development. This review aims to describe the factors that shape the phenotypes of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer and how these changes impact disease progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Zandalinas SI, Fritschi FB, Mittler R. Global Warming, Climate Change, and Environmental Pollution: Recipe for a Multifactorial Stress Combination Disaster. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:588-599. [PMID: 33745784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution present plants with unique combinations of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Although much is known about how plants acclimate to each of these individual stresses, little is known about how they respond to a combination of many of these stress factors occurring together, namely a multifactorial stress combination. Recent studies revealed that increasing the number of different co-occurring multifactorial stress factors causes a severe decline in plant growth and survival, as well as in the microbiome biodiversity that plants depend upon. This effect should serve as a dire warning to our society and prompt us to decisively act to reduce pollutants, fight global warming, and augment the tolerance of crops to multifactorial stress combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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31
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Liu C, Zhou F, Yan Z, Shen L, Zhang X, He F, Wang H, Lu X, Yu K, Zhao Y, Zhu D. Discovery of a novel, potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with robust in vivo anti-tumour efficacy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2651-2670. [PMID: 33768523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have achieved great success in clinical treatment. However, monoclonal antibody drugs also have challenges, such as high manufacturing costs, poor diffusion, low oral bioavailability and limited penetration into tumour tissue. The development of small-molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction represents a promising perspective to overcome the above challenges in cancer immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We explored structural activity relationships and used biochemical assays to generate a lead compound (ZE132). CD8+ T-cells killing assay and Ifng expression assay were used to verify the in vitro cellular activity of ZE132. Off-target study was performed to verify the selectivity. Syngeneic mouse models were used to verify the in vivo activity of ZE132 in tumour immune microenvironment (TIME). We also performed pharmacokinetics profiling in mice and The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis. KEY RESULTS ZE132 can effectively inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in vitro, and it has a potent affinity to PD-L1. ZE132 shows robust anti-tumour effects in vivo, better than anti-PD-1 antibody. In the analysis of TIME, we found that ZE132 treatment promotes cytotoxic T-cell tumour infiltration and induces IL-2 expression. In addition, ZE132 elicits strong inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of TGF-β, which may serve as a potential biomarker to predict responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a new lead compound ZE132 targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, not only showing favourable drug-like properties in vitro and in vivo but also showing the advantage of overcoming the barrier of TIME compared to anti-PD-1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglian He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immune Therapy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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van Wigcheren GF, Roelofs D, Figdor CG, Flórez-Grau G. Three distinct tolerogenic CD14 + myeloid cell types to actively manage autoimmune disease: Opportunities and challenges. J Autoimmun 2021; 120:102645. [PMID: 33901801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment for patients with autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, often consists of long-term drug regimens that broadly dampen immune responses. These non-specific treatments are frequently associated with severe side effects creating an urgent need for safer and more effective therapy to promote peripheral tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Cell-based immunotherapy may offer an encouraging alternative, where tolerogenic CD14+ myeloid cells are infused to inhibit autoreactive effector cells. In this review, we compared in depth three promising tolerogenic CD14+ candidates for the treatment of autoimmune disease: 1) tolerogenic dendritic cells, 2) monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and 3) CD14+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells. TolDC-based therapy has entered clinical testing whereas evidence from the latter two cell types m-MDSCs and CD14+ cDC2s is predominantly coming from cancer immunology research. These three cell types have distinct cellular properties and immunosuppressive mechanisms offering unique opportunities to be explored. However, these cells differ in stage of development towards immunotherapy each facing additional hurdles. Therefore, we speculate on the potential benefits and risks of these cell types as novel cell-based immunotherapies to control autoimmune disease in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F van Wigcheren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Roelofs
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands.
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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33
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Aboelella NS, Brandle C, Kim T, Ding ZC, Zhou G. Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050986. [PMID: 33673398 PMCID: PMC7956301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells are consistently under oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. This feature has been exploited to develop therapeutic strategies that control tumor growth by modulating the oxidative stress in tumor cells. This review provides an overview of recent advances in cancer therapies targeting tumor oxidative stress, and highlights the emerging evidence implicating the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in intensifying tumor oxidative stress. The promises and challenges of combining ROS-inducing agents with cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Abstract It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S. Aboelella
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caitlin Brandle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
| | - Timothy Kim
- The Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.S.A.); (C.B.); (Z.-C.D.)
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-4472
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34
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Zhu H, Klement JD, Lu C, Redd PS, Yang D, Smith AD, Poschel DB, Zou J, Liu D, Wang PG, Ostrov D, Coant N, Hannun YA, Colby AH, Grinstaff MW, Liu K. Asah2 Represses the p53-Hmox1 Axis to Protect Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Ferroptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1395-1404. [PMID: 33547170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune suppressive cells that massively accumulate under pathological conditions to suppress T cell immune response. Dysregulated cell death contributes to MDSC accumulation, but the molecular mechanism underlying this cell death dysregulation is not fully understood. In this study, we report that neutral ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase [ASAH2]) is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs in colon carcinoma and acts as an MDSC survival factor. To target ASAH2, we performed molecular docking based on human ASAH2 protein structure. Enzymatic inhibition analysis of identified hits determined NC06 as an ASAH2 inhibitor. Chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis determined NC06 as 7-chloro-2-(3-chloroanilino)pyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-4,5-dione. NC06 inhibits ceramidase activity with an IC50 of 10.16-25.91 μM for human ASAH2 and 18.6-30.2 μM for mouse Asah2 proteins. NC06 induces MDSC death in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibition of ferroptosis decreased NC06-induced MDSC death. NC06 increases glutathione synthesis and decreases lipid reactive oxygen species to suppress ferroptosis in MDSCs. Gene expression profiling identified the p53 pathway as the Asah2 target in MDSCs. Inhibition of Asah2 increased p53 protein stability to upregulate Hmox1 expression to suppress lipid reactive oxygen species production to suppress ferroptosis in MDSCs. NC06 therapy increases MDSC death and reduces MDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing mice, resulting in increased activation of tumor-infiltrating CTLs and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Our data indicate that ASAH2 protects MDSCs from ferroptosis through destabilizing p53 protein to suppress the p53 pathway in MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting ASAH2 with NC06 to induce MDSC ferroptosis is potentially an effective therapy to suppress MDSC accumulation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Alyssa D Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Dakota B Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Aaron H Colby
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Brookline, MA 02445; and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912; .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
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35
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Adamo A, Frusteri C, Pallotta MT, Pirali T, Sartoris S, Ugel S. Moonlighting Proteins Are Important Players in Cancer Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613069. [PMID: 33584695 PMCID: PMC7873856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity and adaptation to environmental stress are the main features that tumor and immune system share. Except for intrinsic and high-defined properties, cancer and immune cells need to overcome the opponent's defenses by activating more effective signaling networks, based on common elements such as transcriptional factors, protein-based complexes and receptors. Interestingly, growing evidence point to an increasing number of proteins capable of performing diverse and unpredictable functions. These multifunctional proteins are defined as moonlighting proteins. During cancer progression, several moonlighting proteins are involved in promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment by reprogramming immune cells to support tumor growth and metastatic spread. Conversely, other moonlighting proteins support tumor antigen presentation and lymphocytes activation, leading to several anti-cancer immunological responses. In this light, moonlighting proteins could be used as promising new potential targets for improving current cancer therapies. In this review, we describe in details 12 unprecedented moonlighting proteins that during cancer progression play a decisive role in guiding cancer-associated immunomodulation by shaping innate or adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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36
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Zhang Y, Hughes KR, Raghani RM, Ma J, Orbach S, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. Cargo-free immunomodulatory nanoparticles combined with anti-PD-1 antibody for treating metastatic breast cancer. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120666. [PMID: 33461057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of immunosuppressive innate immune cells such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Ly6C-high monocytes, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) at a tumor can inhibit effector T cell and NK cell function. Immune checkpoint blockade using anti-PD-1 antibody aims to overcome the immune suppressive environment, yet only a fraction of patients responds. Herein, we test the hypothesis that cargo-free PLG nanoparticles administered intravenously can divert circulating immune cells from the tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the 4T1 mouse model of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In vitro studies demonstrate that these nanoparticles decrease the expression of MCP-1 by 5-fold and increase the expression of TNF-α by more than 2-fold upon uptake by innate immune cells. Intravenous administration of particles results in internalization by MDSCs and monocytes, with particles detected in the liver, lung, spleen, and primary tumor. Nanoparticle delivery decreased the abundance of MDSCs in circulation and in the lung, the latter being the primary metastatic site. Combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, nanoparticles significantly slowed tumor growth and resulted in a survival benefit. Gene expression analysis by GSEA indicated inflammatory myeloid cell pathways were downregulated in the lung and upregulated in the spleen and tumor. Upregulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathways was also observed in the primary tumor. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cargo-free PLG nanoparticles can reprogram immune cell responses and alter the tumor microenvironment in vivo to overcome the local immune suppression attributed to myeloid cells and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin R Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ravi M Raghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sophia Orbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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37
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Developmental pathways of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in neoplasia. Cell Immunol 2020; 360:104261. [PMID: 33373817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a major weapon against the war on cancer. This has culminated from decades of seminal work that led to the discovery of innovative approaches to drive adaptive immunity. Notably, was the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitory receptors on T cells, and the subsequent development of monoclonal antibodies that target those receptors, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Blocking those receptors using ICIs leads to sustained effector function, which has translated to enhanced antitumor responses across multiple human cancer types. However, these treatments are effective in subsets of patients, implicating significant barriers limiting therapeutic potential. While numerous mechanisms may hinder immunotherapy potency, one prominent mechanism is the production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs comprise monocytic and granulocytic cell types and mediate pro-tumorigenic and immune suppressive activities. Here, we summarize several pathways by which MDSCs arise in cancer, providing a conceptual framework for identifying unique combination therapeutic interventions.
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38
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Connections between Metabolism and Epigenetic Modification in MDSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197356. [PMID: 33027968 PMCID: PMC7582655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). During the differentiation and development of MDSCs from myeloid progenitor cells, their functions are also affected by a series of regulatory factors in the TME, such as metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic modification, and cell signaling pathways. Additionally, there is a crosstalk between these regulatory factors. This review mainly introduces the metabolism (especially glucose metabolism) and significant epigenetic modification of MDSCs in the TME, and briefly introduces the connections between metabolism and epigenetic modification in MDSCs, in order to determine the further impact on the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs, so as to serve as a more effective target for tumor therapy.
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39
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Alexander ET, Mariner K, Donnelly J, Phanstiel O, Gilmour SK. Polyamine Blocking Therapy Decreases Survival of Tumor-Infiltrating Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2012-2022. [PMID: 32747421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented advances in the treatment of cancer through the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), responses are not universal and alternative strategies are needed to enhance responses to ICB. We have shown previously that a novel polyamine blocking therapy (PBT), consisting of cotreatment with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to block polyamine biosynthesis and a Trimer polyamine transport inhibitor, decreases myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Both MDSCs and TAMs promote tumor progression, inhibit antitumor immunity, and limit the efficacy of ICB. In this study, we investigated the use of PBT to heighten therapeutic responses to PD-1 blockade in mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma tumors. Whereas PBT inhibited primary tumor growth in both tumor models, 4T1 lung metastases were also dramatically decreased in mice treated with PBT. Reductions in MDSC and TAM subpopulations in 4T1 tumors from PBT-treated mice were accompanied by reduced cytoprotective autophagy only in tumor-infiltrating MDSC and macrophage subpopulations but not in the lung or spleen. PBT treatment blunted M2-like alternative activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages and reduced STAT3 activation in MDSC cultures while increasing the differentiation of CD80+, CD11c+ macrophages. PBT significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade in both 4T1 and B16F10 tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 monotherapy, increasing tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and survival of tumor-bearing animals beyond that with PBT or PD-1 blockade alone. Our results suggest that cotreatment with DFMO and the Trimer polyamine transport inhibitor may improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapies in patients with cancer with resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey Mariner
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Donnelly
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- University of Central Florida, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.
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40
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Smith AD, Lu C, Payne D, Paschall AV, Klement JD, Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Yang D, Han Q, Liu Z, Shi H, Hartney TJ, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. Autocrine IL6-Mediated Activation of the STAT3-DNMT Axis Silences the TNFα-RIP1 Necroptosis Pathway to Sustain Survival and Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3145-3156. [PMID: 32554751 PMCID: PMC7416440 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is a hallmark of cancer, the underlying mechanism of this accumulation within the tumor microenvironment remains incompletely understood. We report here that TNFα-RIP1-mediated necroptosis regulates accumulation of MDSCs. In tumor-bearing mice, pharmacologic inhibition of DNMT with the DNA methyltransferease inhibitor decitabine (DAC) decreased MDSC accumulation and increased activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. DAC-induced decreases in MDSC accumulation correlated with increased expression of the myeloid cell lineage-specific transcription factor IRF8 in MDSCs. However, DAC also suppressed MDSC-like cell accumulation in IRF8-deficient mice, indicating that DNA methylation may regulate MDSC survival through an IRF8-independent mechanism. Instead, DAC decreased MDSC accumulation by increasing cell death via disrupting DNA methylation of RIP1-dependent targets of necroptosis. Genome-wide DNA bisulfite sequencing revealed that the Tnf promoter was hypermethylated in tumor-induced MDSCs in vivo. DAC treatment dramatically increased TNFα levels in MDSC in vitro, and neutralizing TNFα significantly increased MDSC accumulation and tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Recombinant TNFα induced MDSC cell death in a dose- and RIP1-dependent manner. IL6 was abundantly expressed in MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and patients with human colorectal cancer. In vitro, IL6 treatment of MDSC-like cells activated STAT3, increased expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b, and enhanced survival. Overall, our findings reveal that MDSCs establish a STAT3-DNMT epigenetic axis, regulated by autocrine IL6, to silence TNFα expression. This results in decreased TNFα-induced and RIP1-dependent necroptosis to sustain survival and accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that targeting IL6 expression or function represent potentially effective approaches to suppress MDSC survival and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa D Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daniela Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Qimei Han
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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41
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Liao Y, Liu S, Fu S, Wu J. HMGB1 in Radiotherapy: A Two Headed Signal Regulating Tumor Radiosensitivity and Immunity. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6859-6871. [PMID: 32764978 PMCID: PMC7369309 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that RT not only directly induces cell death but also has late and sustained immune effects. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein released during RT, with location-dependent functions. It is essential for normal cellular function but also regulates the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by binding to high-affinity receptors. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the functions of HMGB1 in RT according to the position, intracellular HMGB1 and extracellular HMGB1. Intracellular HMGB1 induces radiation tolerance in tumor cells by promoting DNA damage repair and autophagy. Extracellular HMGB1 plays a more intricate role in radiation-related immune responses, wherein it not only stimulates the anti-tumor immune response by facilitating the recognition of dying tumor cells but is also involved in maintaining immunosuppression. Factors that potentially affect the role of HMGB1 in RT-induced cytotoxicity have also been discussed in the context of possible therapeutic applications, which helps to develop effective and targeted radio-sensitization therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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42
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Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. Potential Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Front Immunol 2020; 11:384. [PMID: 32265903 PMCID: PMC7099658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, such as granulocytes/neutrophils and macrophages, have responsibilities that include pathogen destruction, waste material degradation, or antigen presentation upon inflammation. During persistent stress, myeloid cells can remain partially differentiated and adopt immunosuppressive functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are primarily beneficial upon restoring homeostasis after inflammation. Because of their ability to suppress adaptive immunity, MDSCs can also ameliorate autoimmune diseases and semi-allogenic responses, e.g., in pregnancy or transplantation. However, immunosuppression is not always desirable. In certain conditions, such as cancer or chronically inflamed tissue, MDSCs prevent restorative immune responses and thereby aggravate disease progression. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common disease in Western countries that severely threatens the central vision of aged people. The pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease is not fully elucidated, but inflammation is known to participate in both dry and wet AMD. In this paper, we provide an overview about the potential role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kauppinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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43
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Karpathiou G, Dumollard JM, Peoc'h M. Laryngeal Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:79-101. [PMID: 34185287 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has been extensively studied in various forms of cancer, like head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Progress in the field revealed the prognostic significance of the various components of the tumor's ecosystem and led to changes in treatment strategies, like including immunotherapy as an important tool. In this chapter, the microenvironment of tumors with a special interest in laryngeal cancer will be described. The issues assessed include innate immune response factors, like neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), platelets, macrophages M1 or M2, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, as well as adaptive immunity aspects, like cytotoxic, exhausted and regulatory T cells, and immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA4). Also, stroma-associated factors, like fibroblasts, fibrosis, extracellular matrix, vessels and perineural invasion, hypoxia and cancer metabolism aspects, as well as the pre-metastatic niche, exosomes and cGAS-STING, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Karpathiou
- Pathology Department, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Jean Marc Dumollard
- Pathology Department, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Michel Peoc'h
- Pathology Department, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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