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Mostafa NA, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Fayed HO, Hassan AA. Morphological and molecular identification of third-stage larvae of Anisakis typica (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Red Sea coral trout, Plectropomus areolatus. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:705-715. [PMID: 36650313 PMCID: PMC9988787 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anisakidosis is a foodborne zoonotic infection induced by members of the family Anisakidae via the consumption of raw or undercooked fish such as sushi and sashimi. Identifying anisakid larval species is critical for the epidemiology and diagnosis of diseases caused by them. This study aimed at identifying Anisakis larvae collected from marine fish in Egyptian waters based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Thirty marine fish coral trout, Plectropomus areolatus, were collected from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, to investigate larval nematodes of the genus Anisakis. The larvae were detected encapsulated in the peritoneal cavity and muscle of the fish host. This examination revealed that anisakid larvae naturally infected 19 fish specimens with a prevalence of 63.33% and a mean intensity of 4.1 ± 0.40. Most of them (68 larvae: 71.57%) were found in the musculature. Morphological and morphometric analyses using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed a head region with a prominent boring tooth, inconspicuous lips, and a characteristic protruded cylindrical mucron. All larvae in this study possessed the same morphology as Anisakis Larval type I. Molecular analysis based on ITS region using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods confirmed them as Anisakis typica. This is the first study to identify A. typica larvae from the commercial fish coral trout P. areolatus in Egyptian waters using morphological and molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Omar Fayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayat Adel Hassan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Itagaki T, Hayashi K, Ohari Y. The causative agents of fascioliasis in animals and humans: Parthenogenetic Fasciola in Asia and other regions. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105248. [PMID: 35183754 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic Fasciola is the causative agent of fascioliasis in animals and humans and is widely distributed in Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, China, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. Parthenogenetic Fasciola geographically originated from central and eastern China, where it exists between the habitats of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica; it likely appeared thousands of years ago following hybridization between F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Parthenogenetic Fasciola consists of diploids and triploids that possess nuclear genome of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica and mitochondrial genome of either F. hepatica or F. gigantica. Maternal parents of parthenogenetic Fasciola are either F. hepatica having Fh-C4 haplotype or F. gigantica having Fg-C2 haplotype in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) nucleotide sequences. Parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes with the Fh-C4 haplotype have spread from China to South Korea and Japan, whereas the flukes with the Fg-C2 haplotype have not only spread to Korea and Japan but also southward to Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and India. Parthenogenetic Fasciola can be distinguished from F. hepatica and F. gigantica using combinational DNA sequence analysis of nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold) along with mitochondrial ND1 markers. The establishment of parthenogenetic Fasciola is expected as follows: parthenogenetic diploids with the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 haplotypes first appeared based on single or multiple interspecific hybridization events; subsequently, parthenogenetic triploids emerged via backcross events between the maternal parthenogenetic diploid and either paternal bisexual F. hepatica or F. gigantica. Parthenogenetic Fasciola diploids and triploids then survived for thousands of years by clonal parthenogenetic reproduction, and generated descendants with ND1 haplotypes, which were derived from the Fh-C4 and Fg-C2 due to nucleotide substitution. Thus, the emergence of parthenogenetic Fasciola may be due to extremely uncommon and accidental events. Parthenogenetic Fasciola should be treated as a new asexual hybrid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Identification of new polymorphic positions in rDNA sequences of the “intermediate” Fasciola forms. Parasitol Int 2022; 88:102555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu Z, Wang J, Meng Z, Jin W, He K, Zhang W, Di W. Identification of Fasciola spp. based on ITS-2 reveals the Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes in Nanning city, South China. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109585. [PMID: 34740153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is harmful to ruminant husbandry worldwide. Given the superficial survey on Fasciolosis infection in Guangxi, the main buffalo breeding area in China, an in-depth investigation in the infection of buffaloes in Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) species will provide a theoretical support for the control and prevention of Fasciolosis infection in buffaloes. Five water buffalo livers were collected from an abattoir in Nanning every 2 weeks from June 2018 to April 2019, and a total of 101 livers were obtained. All livers were then dissected to observe the liver lesions caused by the flukes. Afterwards, Fasciola spp. collected from Fasciolosis-infected livers were numbered and measured. Then, the livers infected with more than 3 flukes were marked, and 3 flukes were picked from each liver according to their morphological differences, such as body length (BL), body maximum width (BW) and length-width ratio (BL/BW). Moreover, these Fasciola spp. worms were selected for molecular biological analysis. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Finally, sequential and phylogenetic analyses were also performed. The infection rate was 38.6 % according to anatomic examination, and the livers infected by Fasciola spp. were damaged seriously. The principal manifestations were the enlargement of the liver and protrusion of the bile ducts. In some cases, the bile duct wall became inflamed and rough, in which some sediment such as phosphate could be easily found. After dissection, 1243 Fasciola spp. flukes were collected from 39 out of 101 livers. The morphometric measurements obtained from the present study showed that the BL/BW ranged from 1.42-10.25. However, it might vary considerably among different geographical locations and could not be used as an accurate method for the identification of Fasciola spp.. Analysis of the ITS-2 sequences showed that 83 out of 87 flukes had 100 % homology with each other, and the other 4 flukes with 99.3 % homology possessed a nucleotide polymorphism. A unique position (271) was detected in flukes in Nanning isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the flukes were Fasciola gigantica, and no Fasciola hepatica or the intermediate form was found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Weikun Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Kangxin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China.
| | - Wenda Di
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China.
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Bello E, Palomba M, Webb SC, Paoletti M, Cipriani P, Nascetti G, Mattiucci S. Investigating the genetic structure of the parasites Anisakis pegreffii and A. berlandi (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in a sympatric area of the southern Pacific Ocean waters using a multilocus genotyping approach: first evidence of their interspecific hybridization. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104887. [PMID: 33940197 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The southern Pacific Ocean, off the New Zealand coast, has been reported as one sympatric area of the two parasite species Anisakis pegreffii and A. berlandi. Here, a multilocus genotyping approach, based on a panel of eleven DNA microsatellite (SSR) loci plus the sequences analysis of the nuclear nas10 nDNA and the mitochondrial mtDNA cox2 gene loci, was applied to a total of N = 344 adults and larvae of Anisakis spp. from cetacean and fish species, respectively. Out of the newly scored SSR loci, Anisl 15 and Anisl 2 showed fixed alternative alleles between A. pegreffii and A. berlandi resulting as 100% diagnostic loci. Out of SSRs Anisl 00314 and Anisl 7 previously disclosed, two additional loci, i.e., Anisl 4 and Anisl 22, were found to be sex-linked. The Bayesian genotypes clustering approach (STRUCTURE) allowed identification, with a 100% of probability value, N = 208 specimens to the "pure parental" A. pegreffii, N = 133 to the "pure parental" A. berlandi, while one adult and two larval stages showed mixed ancestry between the two groups having, in all cases, a Q-value = 0.50. NEWHYBRIDS analysis assigned (100% of probability) those specimens to their F1 hybrid category. This represents the first evidence of contemporary hybridization between the two parasite species in a sympatric area. The pairwise FST values estimated at intraspecific and interspecific level, inferred from both SSR loci and mitochondrial mtDNA cox2 sequences, have also demonstrated the existence of two distinct panmictic units in this study area, corresponding respectively to A. pegreffii and A. berlandi. The results obtained support the useful application of a multilocus approach in the identification of sibling species and their hybrid categories in sympatric areas. The possible use of sex-linked SSR loci of the two species of the A. simplex (s. l.), for sex determination of their larval stages, is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bello
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viale dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to "Istituto Pasteur Italy - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Palomba
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to "Istituto Pasteur Italy - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michela Paoletti
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viale dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, Tuscia University, Viale dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to "Istituto Pasteur Italy - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Asadpour M, Sharifiyazdi H, Moazeni M, Malekpour SH. Molecular Characterization of Fasciola spp. from a Donkey ( Equus asinus) Using Partial Sequencing of cox1 and nad1. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 15:549-558. [PMID: 33884012 PMCID: PMC8039476 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica as an important parasite affects health of humans and animals in some tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including Iran. Little is known about the molecular diversity of Fasciola in Equidae. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the genetic polymorphisms among parasites. Methods Eight adult Fasciola spp. isolates were collected from a working donkey after necropsy in Shiraz, southwestern Iran, in 2018. Primarily, various parameters were measured morphologically. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from each fluke and molecular markers of cytochrome C oxidase (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1(nad1) from individual Fasciola isolates were amplified using PCR assay and sequence data were employed for molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Genetic diversity between isolates was evaluated by comparing the sequences of these two mitochondrial regions. Results Based on the morphological and analyzed mitochondrial sequences, all of eight donkey isolates (100%) were identified as F. hepatica. Moreover, nine and five nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the cox1and nad1 region sequences, respectively. Conclusion Accordingly, phylogenetic data revealed five and four haplotypes among donkey isolates based on the cox1and nad1 markers. Similarly, some of these haplotypes have been previously reported from different host species in Iran as well as all around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadpour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Characterization of Neoschoengastia gallinarum from subtropical China by rDNA and identification of two genotypes based on mitochondrial cox1. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3339-3345. [PMID: 32827102 PMCID: PMC7442544 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S), 28S ribosomal DNA (28S), second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS2), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of Neoschoengastia gallinarum collected from subtropical China were examined. First, a portion of the 18S (p18S), a portion of the 28S (p28S), and the complete ITS2 were separately amplified from individual mites and sequenced. The lengths of the sequences of p18S, p28S, and ITS2 were found to be 1379 bp, 3465~3468 bp, and 200 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variation was 0~0.1% for p28S and 0~1.6% for ITS2, though no variation was observed for p18S, suggesting conservation of rDNA sequences. Second, a portion of the mitochondrial cox1 gene (pcox1) of N. gallinarum was analyzed. The length of the pcox1 sequence is 460 bp, and two distinct groups were observed in N. gallinarum. All pcox1 sequences in group I were identical, and there was only one nucleotide transition observed in group II; however, 7.0~7.2% variations between the two groups were observed, suggesting that two genotypes of N. gallinarum: genotype I and genotype II. Phylogenetic analyses based on pcox1 sequences indicated that N. gallinarum isolates (genotype I or genotype II) clustered into one branch; according to cox1 sequence analysis of Trombiculidae, Walchia hayashii is the closest species. The present study shows that ITS2 rDNA sequence can act as marker for the identification of N. gallinarum samples. Furthermore, analysis of the mitochondrial pcox1 sequence suggests the existence of two genotypes, which has implications for further studies of the ecology and population genetic structures of N. gallinarum.
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Sumruayphol S, Siribat P, Dujardin JP, Dujardin S, Komalamisra C, Thaenkham U. Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica and Fasciola intermediate forms: geometric morphometrics and an artificial neural network to help morphological identification. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8597. [PMID: 32117632 PMCID: PMC7034386 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica cause fascioliasis in both humans and livestock. Some adult specimens of Fasciola sp. referred to as “intermediate forms” based on their genetic traits, are also frequently reported. Simple morphological criteria are unreliable for their specific identification. In previous studies, promising phenotypic identification scores were obtained using morphometrics based on linear measurements (distances, angles, curves) between anatomical features. Such an approach is commonly termed “traditional” morphometrics, as opposed to “modern” morphometrics, which is based on the coordinates of anatomical points. Methods Here, we explored the possible improvements that modern methods of morphometrics, including landmark-based and outline-based approaches, could bring to solving the problem of the non-molecular identification of these parasites. F. gigantica and Fasciola intermediate forms suitable for morphometric characterization were selected from Thai strains following their molecular identification. Specimens of F. hepatica were obtained from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (UK). Using these three taxa, we tested the taxonomic signal embedded in traditional linear measurements versus the coordinates of anatomical points (landmark- and outline-based approaches). Various statistical techniques of validated reclassification were used, based on either the shortest Mahalanobis distance, the maximum likelihood, or the artificial neural network method. Results Our results revealed that both traditional and modern morphometric approaches can help in the morphological identification of Fasciola sp. We showed that the accuracy of the traditional approach could be improved by selecting a subset of characters among the most contributive ones. The influence of size on discrimination by shape was much more important in traditional than in modern analyses. In our study, the modern approach provided different results according to the type of data: satisfactory when using pseudolandmarks (outlines), less satisfactory when using landmarks. The different reclassification methods provided approximately similar scores, with a special mention to the neural network, which allowed improvements in accuracy by combining data from both morphometric approaches. Conclusion We conclude that morphometrics, whether traditional or modern, represent a valuable tool to assist in Fasciola species recognition. The general level of accuracy is comparable among the various methods, but their demands on skills and time differ. Based on the outline method, our study could provide the first description of the shape differences between species, highlighting the more globular contours of the intermediate forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Sumruayphol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praphaiphat Siribat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sébastien Dujardin
- IRD, UMR, INTERTRYP IRD, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chalit Komalamisra
- Mahidol-Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urusa Thaenkham
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Betson M, Alonte AJI, Ancog RC, Aquino AMO, Belizario VY, Bordado AMD, Clark J, Corales MCG, Dacuma MG, Divina BP, Dixon MA, Gourley SA, Jimenez JRD, Jones BP, Manalo SMP, Prada JM, van Vliet AHM, Whatley KCL, Paller VGV. Zoonotic transmission of intestinal helminths in southeast Asia: Implications for control and elimination. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 108:47-131. [PMID: 32291086 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths are extremely widespread and highly prevalent infections of humans, particularly in rural and poor urban areas of low and middle-income countries. These parasites have chronic and often insidious effects on human health and child development including abdominal problems, anaemia, stunting and wasting. Certain animals play a fundamental role in the transmission of many intestinal helminths to humans. However, the contribution of zoonotic transmission to the overall burden of human intestinal helminth infection and the relative importance of different animal reservoirs remains incomplete. Moreover, control programmes and transmission models for intestinal helminths often do not consider the role of zoonotic reservoirs of infection. Such reservoirs will become increasingly important as control is scaled up and there is a move towards interruption and even elimination of parasite transmission. With a focus on southeast Asia, and the Philippines in particular, this review summarises the major zoonotic intestinal helminths, risk factors for infection and highlights knowledge gaps related to their epidemiology and transmission. Various methodologies are discussed, including parasite genomics, mathematical modelling and socio-economic analysis, that could be employed to improve understanding of intestinal helminth spread, reservoir attribution and the burden associated with infection, as well as assess effectiveness of interventions. For sustainable control and ultimately elimination of intestinal helminths, there is a need to move beyond scheduled mass deworming and to consider animal and environmental reservoirs. A One Health approach to control of intestinal helminths is proposed, integrating interventions targeting humans, animals and the environment, including improved access to water, hygiene and sanitation. This will require coordination and collaboration across different sectors to achieve best health outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Betson
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Rico C Ancog
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Clark
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Billy P Divina
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Ben P Jones
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Huang SY, Gong JZ, Yang B, Fan YM, Yao N, Wang CR. Development of a nest-PCR for detection of Fasciola hepatica DNA in the intermediate snail host, Radix cucunorica, and the prevalence in northwestern China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103984. [PMID: 31369864 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, a foodborne zoonotic disease, caused by Fasciola species which is considered an important problem for human health and livestock husbandry development. Snails are intermediate hosts of F. hepatica, the epidemiological surveillance of snails can evaluate the transmission risk of this disease in human and livestock. In this study, we developed a nest-polymerase chain reaction (nest-PCR) to detect the DNA of F. hepatica in Radix cucunorica, a prevalent intermediate host of this parasite in northwestern China. The nest-PCR was used to amplify a 208 bp fragment of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of F. hepatica with two pairs of primers. The method was able to detect up to 0.16 fg genomic DNA in a 25 μL PCR reaction system even effected with high concentrations of snail DNA, and no cross reaction was observed from the genomic DNA of Paramphistomum cervi, Clonorchis sinensis, Orientobilharzia turkestanicum, Metorchis orientalis, Dicrocoelium chinensis. To evaluate the transmission risk of this disease, 409 snail samples collected from different areas of Gansu province were used to detect and analyze the transmission risk of F. hepatica in this area. Of 409 snail samples, the overall prevalence is 43.76%. The prevalence was 92.75% in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, while no snail was positive for F. hepatica in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The nest-PCR was firstly used to detect the infection of F. hepatica in snail. It is a novel, useful and convenient method with high sensitivity and specificity. This study is the first report about the epidemiological surveillance of snail infection by F. hepatica in northwestern China, which will help to evaluate the transmission risk of F. hepatica in northwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Huang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
| | - Jing-Zhi Gong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Fan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Na Yao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
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Mei XF, Shi W, Zhang YY, Zhu B, Wang YR, Hou LJ, Zhao WP, Li J, Wang DY, Luo HL, Huang WY. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles reveal possible role of highly methylated TLR signaling on Fasciola gigantica excretory/secretory products (FgESPs) modulation of buffalo dendritic cells. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:358. [PMID: 31337442 PMCID: PMC6647289 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) released by parasites influence the development and functions of host dendritic cells (DCs). However, little is known about changes of DNA (hydroxy)methylation on DC development during Fasciola gigantica infection. The present study aimed to investigate whether F. gigantica ESPs (FgESPs) affects the development and functions of buffalo DCs through altering the DNA (hydroxy)methylation of DCs. METHODS Buffalo DCs were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) and quantitative reverse transcriptional PCR (qRT-RCR). DCs were treated with 200 μg/ml of FgESPs in vitro, following DNA extraction. The DNA methylome and hydroxymethylome were profiled based on (hydroxy)methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing [(h)MeDIP-Seq] and bioinformatics analyses. qRT-RCR was also performed to assess the gene transcription levels of interest. RESULTS FgESPs markedly suppressed DC maturation evidenced by morphological changes and downregulated gene expression of CD1a and MHC II. Totals of 5432 and 360 genes with significant changes in the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels, respectively, were identified in buffalo DCs in response to FgESPs challenge. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in pathways associated with immune response. Some cancer-related pathways were also indicated. There were 111 genes demonstrating changes in both 5-mC and 5-hmC levels, 12 of which were interconnected and enriched in 12 pathways. The transcription of hypermethylated genes TLR2, TLR4 and IL-12B were downregulated or in a decreasing trend, while the mRNA level of high-hydroxymethylated TNF gene was upregulated in buffalo DCs post-exposure to FgESPs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present study provides for the first time a unique genome-wide profile of DNA (hydroxy)methylation for DCs that interact with FgESPs, and suggests a possible mechanism of FgESPs in suppressing DC maturation and functions that are involved in TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Mei
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rui Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jing Hou
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhao
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Lin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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Shokouhi S, Abdi J, Valizadeh R. Genotyping of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from Domestic Animals in the West of Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:409-413. [PMID: 30081792 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180806121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most common parasites responsible for fascioliasis are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Fascioliasis is an important problem in terms of health and economics. The western part of Iran is one of the major hubs of animal husbandry and the prevalence of fascioliasis is high. The aim of the current study was to determine the Fasciola spp. present in the western part of Iran. In the present study, 45 samples were collected from slaughterhouses in three provinces in the western part of Iran, including Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah. METHODS The flukes were detected using morphological methods and the DNA of all samples was extracted. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) was identified by PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques using the Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Then, 15% of the samples were sequenced. RESULTS Based on their ITS1 sequence, all samples showed 700 bp bands. The results of sequencing showed a similarity of 99% to 100% across samples. Using the Rsa1 restriction enzyme, all samples produced three distinct bands (60 bp, 100 bp, and 360 bp). These results demonstrated that the most common fasciola in the western part of Iran in sheep and cattle is F. hepatica. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that only the species F. hepatica is parasitizing livestock in the western part of Iran. Further studies using new molecular markers for more accurate identification of fasciola-causing species will be useful in the control and prevention of fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shokouhi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jahangir Abdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Nguyen TBN, De NV, Nguyen TKL, Quang HH, Doan HTT, Agatsuma T, Le TH. Distribution Status of Hybrid Types in Large Liver Flukes, Fasciola Species (Digenea: Fasciolidae), from Ruminants and Humans in Vietnam. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:453-461. [PMID: 30419731 PMCID: PMC6243193 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to delineate ‘admixed hybrid’ and ‘introgressive’ Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating ‘pure’ F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Nga Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van De
- Hanoi Medical University, 1. Ton That Tung street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Huynh Hong Quang
- Institute for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology in Quy Nhon, Nguyen Thai Hoc, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko, Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Alajmi RA. Molecular characterization of Fasciola flukes using mitochondrial 28S rRNA gene in Naimi Saudi sheep. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:112-117. [PMID: 30622414 PMCID: PMC6319025 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of medical and economic importance. This retrospective study was conducted on 110 Fasciola flukes collected from livers of 14 infected Naimi sheep slaughtered at Riyadh abattoir in Saudi Arabia during winter season of 2016. Collected specimens were analyzed for their species identification on the basis of partial sequences of mitochondrial 28S rRNA gene. Results have shown the presence of both Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) species. Where Fasciola hepatica was predominate (80%). Both intra-species and interspecies genetic distance was studied and results showed that the intraspecific variability among individuals of both species i.e., F. hepatica and F. gigantica, ranging between 0 and 1% while the interspecific diversity between F. hepatica and F. gigantica was only 1%. In conclusion, mitochondrial 28S rRNA gene is a proved as a good marker in identifying Fasciola of different species. Where, the F. hepatica and F. gigantica are present in sheep breed in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Alajmi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals that hybridization between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica occurred in China. Parasitology 2016; 144:206-213. [PMID: 27804894 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201600161x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The well-known pathogens of fasciolosis, Fasciola hepatica (Fh) and Fasciola Gigantica (Fg), possess abundant mature sperms in their seminal vesicles, and thus, they reproduce bisexually. On the other hand, aspermic Fasciola flukes reported from Asian countries, which have no sperm in their seminal vesicles, probably reproduce parthenogenetically. The aim of this study was to reveal the origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes. The nuclear single copy markers, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and DNA polymerase delta, were employed for analysis of Fasciola species from China. The hybrid origin of aspermic Fasciola flukes was strongly suggested by the presence of the Fh/Fg type, which includes DNA fragments of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. China can be regarded as the cradle of the interspecific hybridization because F. hepatica and F. gigantica were detected in the northern and southern parts of China, respectively, and hybrids flukes were distributed between the habitats of the two species. The Chinese origin was supported by the fact that a larger number of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) haplotypes was detected in Chinese aspermic Fasciola populations than in aspermic populations from the neighbouring countries. Hereafter, 'aspermic' Fasciola flukes should be termed as 'hybrid' Fasciola flukes.
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16
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Shahbakhsh M, Nabavi R, Ganjali M. Molecular Characterization of Fasciola Samples Using Sequences of Second Internal Transcribed Spacer-rDNA in Different Geographical Localities of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep33362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Molecular identification and seasonal infections of species of Fasciola in ruminants from two provinces in China. J Helminthol 2015; 90:359-63. [PMID: 26123576 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We determined the prevalence and seasonality of infections by Fasciola of goats and bovine species (cattle and water buffalo) in Hubei and Anhui provinces of China. Faecal samples were collected at 2- to 3-month intervals from 200 goats in Hubei province and from 152 bovine species in Anhui province. All faecal samples were examined for the presence of parasites. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 39 Fasciola worms from Anhui province. The prevalence of Fasciola infection in goats ranged between 3.5 and 37.0%, with mean eggs per gram (EPG) ranging between 29.0 and 166.0. Prevalence and EPG exhibited downward trends over time with significant differences. The prevalence of Fasciola infection in cattle ranged between 13.3 and 46.2% (mean EPG, 36.4-100.0), and that of water buffalo ranged between 10.3 and 35.4% (mean EPG, 25.0-89.6), with a higher prevalence of infection and EPG from June to October compared with December to March. Analysis of ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences revealed that F. hepatica and F. gigantica were present in all bovine species of Anhui province and that F. gigantica mainly infected water buffalo. This is the first demonstration of Fasciola infection in Hubei province and detection of F. hepatica and F. gigantica in Anhui province. The present study of Hubei province shows that mass treatment of livestock with closantel sodium injections in April and August/September controlled Fasciola infection effectively.
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Identification of Fasciola species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals the co-existence of intermediate Fasciola and Fasciola gigantica in Thailand. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prevalence of infection and molecular confirmation by using ITS-2 region of Fasciola gigantica found in domestic cattle from Chiang Mai province, Thailand. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lv S, Tian LG, Liu Q, Qian MB, Fu Q, Steinmann P, Chen JX, Yang GJ, Yang K, Zhou XN. Water-related parasitic diseases in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1977-2016. [PMID: 23685826 PMCID: PMC3709360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10051977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Water-related parasitic diseases are directly dependent on water bodies for their spread or as a habitat for indispensable intermediate or final hosts. Along with socioeconomic development and improvement of sanitation, overall prevalence is declining in the China. However, the heterogeneity in economic development and the inequity of access to public services result in considerable burden due to parasitic diseases in certain areas and populations across the country. In this review, we demonstrated three aspects of ten major water-related parasitic diseases, i.e., the biology and pathogenicity, epidemiology and recent advances in research in China. General measures for diseases control and special control strategies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qing Fu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peter Steinmann
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China; E-Mails: (G.-J.Y.); (K.Y.)
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Jockey Club Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China; E-Mails: (G.-J.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (S.L.); (L.-G.T.); (Q.L.); (M.-B.Q.); (Q.F.); (P.S.); (J.-X.C.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China
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Raina OK, Jacob SS, Sankar M, Bhattacharya D, Bandyopadyay S, Varghese A, Chamuah JK, Lalrinkima H. Genetic characterization of Fasciola gigantica from different geographical regions of India by ribosomal DNA markers. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:27-32. [PMID: 25698855 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and 28S ribosomal DNA (618 bp) of Fasciola gigantica collected from cattle and buffaloes from four different geographical locations of India, were characterized for genotyping. ITS-2 sequence was analyzed in 28 worms that was typical of F. gigantica and differed at six positions, with one of these being a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. However, Fasciola specimens also showed intraspecies sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2, with two different ITS-2 sequences existing in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array within a single Fasciola worm. One of the sequences was identical to that of F. gigantica and the other showed extensive sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2. Using BspH1-restriction fragment length polymorphism, six variable ITS-2 sequences in F. gigantica were identified within these parasite specimens and were found distributed in these four geographical regions. 28S rDNA sequence of 24 flukes, collected from the above four geographical regions, showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at 284th nucleotide (G/A). Analyzing the sequence data of 28S rDNA of F. gigantica available from some African and Asian countries for this polymorphic 284th nucleotide position, it is proposed that there are two basic lineages of the F. gigantica for 28S rDNA existing in the fluke populations from five African and several Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh India
| | - S Bandyopadyay
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat India
| | | | - H Lalrinkima
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Dar Y, Amer S, Mercier A, Courtioux B, Dreyfuss G. Molecular identification of Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Fasciolidae) in Egypt. Parasite 2012; 19:177-82. [PMID: 22550630 PMCID: PMC3671433 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012192177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 134 Egyptian liver flukes were collected from different definitive hosts (cattle, sheep, and buffaloes) to identify them via the use of PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of the first nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1). Specimens of F. hepatica from France, as well as F. gigantica from Cameroon were included in the study for comparison. PCR products of ITS1 were subjected for digestion by RsaI restriction enzyme and visualized on agarose gel. According to RFLP pattern, Egyptian flukes were allocated into two categories. The first was identical to that of French hepatica flukes to have a pattern of 360, 100, and 60 (bp) band size, whereas the second resembled to that of Cameroonian gigantica worms to have a profile of 360, 170, and 60 bp in size. Results of RFLP analysis were confirmed by sequence analysis of representative ITS1 amplicons. No hybrid forms were detected in the present study. Taken together, this study concluded that both species of Fasciola are present in Egypt, whereas the hybrid form may be not very common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
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Nguyen S, Amer S, Ichikawa M, Itagaki T, Fukuda Y, Nakai Y. Molecular identification of Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Platyhelminthes) in cattle from Vietnam. Parasite 2012; 19:85-9. [PMID: 22314245 PMCID: PMC3671424 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012191085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. were collected from naturally infected cattle at a local abattoir of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, for morphological and genetic investigations. Microscopic examination detected no sperm cells in the seminal vesicles, suggesting a parthenogenetic reproduction of the flukes. Analyses of sequences from the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA revealed that 13 out of 16 isolates were of Fasciola gigantica type, whereas three isolates presented a hybrid sequence from F. gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Interestingly, all the mitochondrial sequences (partial COI and NDI) were of F. gigantica type, suggesting that the maternal lineage of the hybrid form is from F. gigantica. No intra-sequence variation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nguyen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Field Centre studies, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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Liu GH, Wang SY, Huang WY, Zhao GH, Wei SJ, Song HQ, Xu MJ, Lin RQ, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Galba pervia (Gastropoda: Mollusca), an intermediate host snail of Fasciola spp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42172. [PMID: 22844544 PMCID: PMC3406003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes and the gene rearrangements are increasingly used as molecular markers for investigating phylogenetic relationships. Contributing to the complete mt genomes of Gastropoda, especially Pulmonata, we determined the mt genome of the freshwater snail Galba pervia, which is an important intermediate host for Fasciola spp. in China. The complete mt genome of G. pervia is 13,768 bp in length. Its genome is circular, and consists of 37 genes, including 13 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA, 22 genes for tRNA. The mt gene order of G. pervia showed novel arrangement (tRNA-His, tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Tyr change positions and directions) when compared with mt genomes of Pulmonata species sequenced to date, indicating divergence among different species within the Pulmonata. A total of 3655 amino acids were deduced to encode 13 protein genes. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.05%), followed by Phe (11.24%), Ser (10.76%) and IIe (8.346%). Phylogenetic analyses using the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis), all revealed that the families Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae are closely related two snail families, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. The complete mt genome sequence of G. pervia showed a novel gene arrangement and it represents the first sequenced high quality mt genome of the family Lymnaeidae. These novel mtDNA data provide additional genetic markers for studying the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeographics of freshwater snails, as well as for understanding interplay between the intermediate snail hosts and the intra-mollusca stages of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Univesity, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Min-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Shu FF, Lv RQ, Zhang YF, Duan G, Wu DY, Li BF, Yang JF, Zou FC. Characterization of Fasciola samples by ITS of rDNA sequences revealed the existence of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Yunnan Province, China. J Parasitol 2012; 98:889-90. [PMID: 22360550 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2974.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
On mainland China, liver flukes of Fasciola spp. (Digenea: Fasciolidae) can cause serious acute and chronic morbidity in numerous species of mammals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and humans. The objective of the present study was to examine the taxonomic identity of Fasciola species in Yunnan province by sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The ITS rDNA was amplified from 10 samples representing Fasciola species in cattle from 2 geographical locations in Yunnan Province, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the products were sequenced directly. The lengths of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were 422 and 361-362 base pairs, respectively, for all samples sequenced. Using ITS sequences, 2 Fasciola species were revealed, namely Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This is the first demonstration of F. gigantica in cattle in Yunnan Province, China using a molecular approach; our findings have implications for studying the population genetic characterization of the Chinese Fasciola species and for the prevention and control of Fasciola spp. in this province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650201, China
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26
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Wang C, Gao J, Zhu X, Zhao Q. Characterization of Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Bunostomum phlebotomum from sheep and cattle by internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Res Vet Sci 2012; 92:99-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Moazeni M, Sharifiyazdi H, Izadpanah A. Characterization of Fasciola hepatica genotypes from cattle and sheep in Iran using cytochrome C oxidase gene (CO1). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2379-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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28
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Lin Q, Li HM, Gao M, Wang XY, Ren WX, Cong MM, Tan XC, Chen CX, Yu SK, Zhao GH. Characterization of Baylisascaris schroederi from Qinling subspecies of giant panda in China by the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1297-303. [PMID: 21870244 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 20 nematode isolates, (including 10 male and 10 female worms) representing Baylisascaris schroederi from 5 Qinling subspecies of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Shaanxi Province of China, were characterized and grouped genetically by the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The rDNA fragment spanning 3' end of 18S rDNA, complete ITS-1 rDNA, and 5' end of 5.8S rDNA were amplified and sequenced. The sequence variability in ITS-1 rDNA was examined within B. schroederi and among parasites in order Ascaridata available in GenBank™, and their phylogenetic relationships were also reconstructed. The sequences of ITS-1 rDNA for all the B. schroederi isolates were 427 bp in length, with no genetic variation detected among these isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS-1 rDNA sequences revealed that all the male and female B. schroederi isolates sequenced in the present study were posited into the clade of genus Baylisascaris, sistered to zoonotic nematodes in genus Ascaris, and the ITS-1 rDNA sequence could distinguish different species in order Ascaridata. These results showed that the ITS-1 rDNA provides a suitable molecular marker for the inter-species phylogenetic analysis and differential identification of nematodes in order Ascaridata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, People's Republic of China
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29
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Ai L, Chen MX, Alasaad S, Elsheikha HM, Li J, Li HL, Lin RQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ, Chen JX. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:101. [PMID: 21658284 PMCID: PMC3121690 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola are among the causes of foodborne diseases of parasitic etiology. These parasites cause significant public health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to definitively characterize the Fasciola species. Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola spp. In this respect, the use of molecular techniques to identify and differentiate Fasciola spp. offer considerable advantages. The advent of a variety of molecular genetic techniques also provides a powerful method to elucidate many aspects of Fasciola biology, epidemiology, and genetics. However, the discriminatory power of these molecular methods varies, as does the speed and ease of performance and cost. There is a need for the development of new methods to identify the mechanisms underpinning the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among Fasciola populations. The increasing application of the current and new methods will yield a much improved understanding of Fasciola epidemiology and evolution as well as more effective means of parasite control. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular techniques that are being used for the genetic characterization, detection and genotyping of Fasciola spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, P R China
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Alasaad S, Soriguer RC, Abu-Madi M, El Behairy A, Jowers MJ, Baños PD, Píriz A, Fickel J, Zhu XQ. A TaqMan real-time PCR-based assay for the identification of Fasciola spp. Vet Parasitol 2011; 179:266-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Ferreira JFS, Peaden P, Keiser J. In vitro trematocidal effects of crude alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua, A. absinthium, Asimina triloba, and Fumaria officinalis: trematocidal plant alcoholic extracts. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1585-92. [PMID: 21562762 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trematode infections negatively affect human and livestock health, and threaten global food safety. The only approved human anthelmintics for trematodiasis are triclabendazole and praziquantel with no alternative drugs in sight. We tested six crude plant extracts against adult Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, and Echinostoma caproni in vitro. Mortality was best achieved by ethanolic extracts of Artemisia annua (sweet Annie), Asimina triloba (paw-paw), and Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) which, at 2 mg/mL, killed S. mansoni and E. caproni in 20 h or less (except for wormwood), F. hepatica between 16 and 23 h (sweet Annie), or 40 h (paw-paw). Some extracts were active at 0.2 mg/mL and 20 μg/mL, although more time was required to kill trematodes. However, aqueous A. annua and methanol extracts of Fumaria officinalis had no activity. Chromatographic analysis of the three best extracts established that A. annua and A. triloba extracts contained bioactive artemisinin and acetogenins (asimicin and bullatacin), respectively. The anthelmintic activity of our extracts at such low doses indicates that their anthelmintic activity deserves further testing as natural alternative controls for parasites of both animals and humans. Our results also support recent evidence that synergistic effects of multiple bioactive compounds present in crude plant extracts is worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F S Ferreira
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Rd., Beaver, WV 25813, USA.
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Genetic analysis of Fasciola isolates from cattle in Korea based on second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:833-9. [PMID: 21494845 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) has been used efficiently to identify the liver fluke species collected from different hosts and various geographic regions. ITS-2 sequences of 19 Fasciola samples collected from Korean native cattle were determined and compared. Sequence comparison including ITS-2 sequences of isolates from this study and reference sequences from Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica and intermediate Fasciola in Genbank revealed seven identical variable sites of investigated isolates. Among 19 samples, 12 individuals had ITS-2 sequences completely identical to that of pure F. hepatica, five possessed the sequences identical to F. gigantica type, whereas two shared the sequence of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. No variations in length and nucleotide composition of ITS-2 sequence were observed within isolates that belonged to F. hepatica or F. gigantica. At the position of 218, five Fasciola containing a single-base substitution (C>T) formed a distinct branch inside the F. gigantica-type group which was similar to those of Asian-origin isolates. The phylogenetic tree of the Fasciola spp. based on complete ITS-2 sequences from this study and other representative isolates in different locations clearly showed that pure F. hepatica, F. gigantica type and intermediate Fasciola were observed. The result also provided additional genetic evidence for the existence of three forms of Fasciola isolated from native cattle in Korea by genetic approach using ITS-2 sequence.
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33
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Amor N, Halajian A, Farjallah S, Merella P, Said K, Ben Slimane B. Molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. from the endemic area of northern Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:196-204. [PMID: 21440546 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) is considered as the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries, causing considerable socioeconomic problems. In the endemic regions of the North of Iran, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica have been previously characterized on the basis of morphometric differences, but the use of molecular markers is necessary to distinguish exactly between species and intermediate forms. Samples from buffaloes and goats from different localities of northern Iran were identified morphologically and then genetically characterized by sequences of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Comparison of the ITS of the northern Iranian samples with sequences of Fasciola spp. from GenBank showed that the examined specimens had sequences identical to those of the most frequent haplotypes of F. hepatica (n=25, 48.1%) and F. gigantica (n=20, 38.45%), which differed from each other in different variable nucleotide positions of ITS region sequences, and their intermediate forms (n=7, 13.45%), which had nucleotides overlapped between the two Fasciola species in all the positions. The ITS sequences from populations of Fasciola isolates in buffaloes and goats had experienced introgression/hybridization as previously reported in isolates from other ruminants and humans. Based on ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences, flukes are scattered in pure F. hepatica, F. gigantica and intermediate Fasciola clades, revealing that multiple genotypes of Fasciola are able to infect goats and buffaloes in North of Iran. Furthermore, the phylogenetic trees based upon the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences showed a close relationship of the Iranian samples with isolates of F. hepatica and F. gigantica from different localities of Africa and Asia. In the present study, the intergenic transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 showed to be reliable approaches for the genetic differentiation of Fasciola spp., providing bases for further studies on F. hepatica, F. gigantica and their intermediate forms in the endemic areas in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Amor
- Unité de Recherche: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources UR/09-30, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Tunisia
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Sharifiyazdi H, Moazeni M, Rabbani F. Molecular characterization of human Fasciola samples in Gilan province, Northern Iran on the basis of DNA sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-011-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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A fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism (F-PCR-SSCP) assay for the identification of Fasciola spp. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:1513-7. [PMID: 21170657 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish a fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism (F-PCR-SSCP) assay for the identification of Fasciola spp. Based on the sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, we designed a set of genus-specific primers for the amplification of Fasciola ITS-2, with an estimated size of 140 bp. These primers were labelled by fluorescence dyes, and the PCR products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions (F-PCR-SSCP). Capillary electrophoresis analysis of the fluorescence-labelled DNA fragments displayed three different peak profiles that allowed the accurate identification of Fasciola species: one single peak specific for either Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica and a doublet peak corresponding to the "intermediate" Fasciola. Validation of our novel method was performed using Fasciola specimens from different host animals from China, Spain, Nigeria, and Egypt. This F-PCR-SSCP assay provides a rapid, simple, and robust tool for the identification and differentiation between Fasciola spp.
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Species discrimination and phylogenetic inference of 17 Chinese Leishmania isolates based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:1049-65. [PMID: 20617444 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread disease, caused by protozoan flagellates of the genus Leishmania. This disease still remains endemic in China, especially in the west and northwest frontier regions. To date, the phylogenetic relationships among Chinese Leishmania isolates are still unclear, and the possible taxonomic diversity remains to be established. In this study, the ITS1-5.8S fragments of ten isolates collected from different foci in China were determined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships among them, seven sequences of Chinese Leishmania isolates retrieved from GenBank were also included. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses reveal an unexpected but strongly supported clade comprising eight newly determined isolates, which is sister to other members of subgenus Leishmania. In combination with genetic distance analysis, this provides evidence of the occurrence of an undescribed species of Leishmania. Our results also suggest that (1) the isolate IPHL/CN/77/XJ771 from Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is not Leishmania infantum but Leishmania donovani; (2) the status referring to an isolate MRHO/CN/88/KXG-2 from a great gerbil in Karamay as Leishmania turanica, formerly based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, is recognized; (3) an earlier finding demonstrating the L. donovani identity of isolate MHOM/CN/80/801 from Kashi city is corroborated; (4) the three isolates from eastern Jiashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing desert type of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (see Wang et al., Parasitol Int (in press), 2010), belong to L. donovani instead of L. infantum. In addition, the results of this study make an important contribution to understanding the heterogeneity and relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates, further indicating that the isolates from China may have had a more complex evolutionary history than expected.
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Detwiler JT, Criscione CD. An infectious topic in reticulate evolution: introgression and hybridization in animal parasites. Genes (Basel) 2010; 1:102-23. [PMID: 24710013 PMCID: PMC3960858 DOI: 10.3390/genes1010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the role that introgression and hybridization have played in the evolution of parasites. Most studies are host-centric and ask if the hybrid of a free-living species is more or less susceptible to parasite infection. Here we focus on what is known about how introgression and hybridization have influenced the evolution of protozoan and helminth parasites of animals. There are reports of genome or gene introgression from distantly related taxa into apicomplexans and filarial nematodes. Most common are genetic based reports of potential hybridization among congeneric taxa, but in several cases, more work is needed to definitively conclude current hybridization. In the medically important Trypanosoma it is clear that some clonal lineages are the product of past hybridization events. Similarly, strong evidence exists for current hybridization in human helminths such as Schistosoma and Ascaris. There remain topics that warrant further examination such as the potential hybrid origin of polyploid platyhelminths. Furthermore, little work has investigated the phenotype or fitness, and even less the epidemiological significance of hybrid parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian T Detwiler
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Charles D Criscione
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Rokni MB, Mirhendi H, Mizani A, Mohebali M, Sharbatkhori M, Kia EB, Abdoli H, Izadi S. Identification and differentiation of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica using a simple PCR-restriction enzyme method. Exp Parasitol 2009; 124:209-13. [PMID: 19769969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Accurate morphological differentiation between the liver fluke species Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is difficult. We evaluated PCR-restriction enzyme profiles of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) that could aid in their identification. Fifty F. hepatica and 30 F. gigantica specimens were collected from different hosts in three provinces of Iran. For DNA extraction, we crushed fragments of the worms between two glass slides as a new method to break down the cells. DNA from the crushed materials was then extracted with a conventional phenol-chloroform method and with the newly developed technique, commercial FTA cards. A primer pair was selected to amplify a 463-bp region of the ITS1 sequence. After sequencing 14 samples and in silico analysis, cutting sites of all known enzymes were predicted and TasI was selected as the enzyme that yielded the most informative profile. Crushing produced enough DNA for PCR amplification with both the phenol-chloroform and commercial FTA card method. The DNA extracted from all samples was successfully amplified and yielded a single sharp band of the expected size. Digestion of PCR products with TasI allowed us to distinguish the two species. In all samples, molecular identification was consistent with morphological identification. Our PCR-restriction enzyme profile is a simple, rapid and reliable method for differentiating F. hepatica and F. gigantica, and can be used for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nguyen TGT, Van De N, Vercruysse J, Dorny P, Le TH. Genotypic characterization and species identification of Fasciola spp. with implications regarding the isolates infecting goats in Vietnam. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123:354-61. [PMID: 19733565 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA sequences (361 or 362bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) and a portion of mitochondrial cox1 (423bp) for Fasciola spp. obtained from specimens collected in indigenous and hybrid goats and sheep in Vietnam were characterized for genotypic status and hybridization/introgression. Alignment of 48 ITS-2 sequences (also those from goats and sheep in this study) indicates that F. gigantica and F. hepatica differ typically from each other at seven sites whereas one of these is a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. The isolates from the mountainous goats in the North of Vietnam (Yen Bai province) showed the ITS-2 composition relatively identical to that of F. hepatica. The ITS-2 sequences from populations of Fasciola isolates in goats had probably experienced introgression/hybridization as reported previously in other ruminants and humans. All Vietnamese goat-of-origin specimens had high pairwise percentage of mitochondrial cox1 sequences to F. gigantica (97-100%), and very low identity to F. hepatica (91-93%), suggesting their maternal linkage to be traced to F. gigantica. The presence of hybrid and/or introgressed populations of liver flukes bearing genetic material from both F. hepatica and F. gigantica in the goats/sheep in Vietnam, regardless of indigenous or imported hosts, appears to be the first demonstration from a tropical country.
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Peng M, Ichinomiya M, Ohtori M, Ichikawa M, Shibahara T, Itagaki T. Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and aspermic Fasciola sp. in China based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:809-15. [PMID: 19424719 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenic Fasciola forms as well as bisexual Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in mainland China have been identified on the basis of their spermatogenesis and genotypes in nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase I (NDI). The Chinese aspermic Fasciola would include forms originating in interspecific hybrids between F. hepatica and F. gigantica, since they showed the genotype of ITS1-Fh/Fg that had mixed sequences of the two Fasciola species or heterogeneous genotypes in ITS1 and NDI. Additionally, there were Chinese aspermic flukes in which the sequences of ITS1 and NDI genotypes completely coincided with those in aspermic forms from Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, suggesting that the aspermic forms from these four countries are offspring with a common provenance. The Fh-C4 haplotype in NDI was detected in both aspermic specimens and F. hepatica, indicating that aspermic forms showing the haplotype might come into existence in China. The ratio of body length and width in aspermic Fasciola specimens showed intermediate values between those of F. hepatica and F. gigantica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Peng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
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Li QY, Dong SJ, Zhang WY, Lin RQ, Wang CR, Qian DX, Lun ZR, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism, an effective molecular approach for studying genetic variation in Fasciola spp. of human and animal health significance. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:403-9. [PMID: 19204953 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a recently described molecular approach, namely sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), which preferentially amplifies ORFs, was evaluated for the studies of genetic variation among Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and the "intermediate" Fasciola from different host species and geographical locations in mainland China. Five SRAP primer combinations were used to amplify 120 Fasciola samples after ten SRAP primer combinations were evaluated. The number of fragments amplified from Fasciola samples using each primer combination ranged from 12 to 20, with an average of 15 polymorphic bands per primer pair. Fifty-nine main polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 100 to 2000 bp, and SRAP bands specific to F. hepatica or F. gigantica were observed. SRAP fragments common to F. hepatica and the "intermediate" Fasciola, or common to F. gigantica and the "intermediate" Fasciola were identified, excised and confirmed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed based on sequences of these SRAP fragments. Based on SRAP profiles, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages clustering algorithm categorized all of the examined representative Fasciola samples into three groups, representing the F. hepatica, the "intermediate" Fasciola, or the F. gigantica. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the SRAP technique for revealing genetic variability between F. hepatica, F. gigantica and the "intermediate" Fasciola, and also provided genomic evidence for the existence of the "intermediate" Fasciola between F. hepatica and F. gigantica. This technique provides an alternative and a useful tool for the genetic characterization and studies of genetic variability in parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Li
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Genetic identification of Fasciola hepatica by ITS-2 sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA in Turkey. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:407-12. [PMID: 19290539 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The trematodes of the genus Fasciola are the common liver flukes of a range species of animals and have a global geographical distribution. They can generally be distinguished on the basic of their morphology. ITS-2 ribosomal DNA sequences have been used to characterize the liver flukes as a specific marker from different geographical regions which include F. hepatica, F. gigantica, and an intermediate Fasciola. To determine the phylogenetic location of F. hepatica of Turkey origin based on ITS-2 rDNA molecular data, adult F. hepatica trematodes were collected from the liver naturally infected sheep from different geographical locations in Turkey (Elazig, Malatya, Samsun). ITS-2 rDNA were cloned, sequenced, and compared with published sequences ITS-2 rDNA of other species of trematodes in the family Fasciolidae using the GenBank Blast program. The only one ITS-2 sequence had defined for the examined Turkish F. hepatica samples. The phylogenetic trees constructed based upon the ITS-2 sequences from Turkey by multiple tree-building methods in MEGA revealed a close relationship with isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, and Fasciola sp. The present study is the first demonstration of the existence of F. hepatica in sheep in Turkey by the genetic approach using ITS-2 rDNA as genetic marker.
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Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Chapter 2 Fasciola, Lymnaeids and Human Fascioliasis, with a Global Overview on Disease Transmission, Epidemiology, Evolutionary Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology and Control. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2009; 69:41-146. [PMID: 19622408 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(09)69002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Itagaki T, Sakaguchi K, Terasaki K, Sasaki O, Yoshihara S, Van Dung T. Occurrence of spermic diploid and aspermic triploid forms of Fasciola in Vietnam and their molecular characterization based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Parasitol Int 2008; 58:81-5. [PMID: 19087891 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola spp. found in Asian countries are diversified in nature, and they should therefore be characterized by spermatogenesis, ploidy and genetic differentiation as well as morphology. The present study showed that spermic diploid and aspermic triploid forms of Fasciola occurred in Vietnam. The spermic diploid specimens were accurately identified as F. gigantica, while the aspermic triploids could not be identified on the basis of their morphology by the ratio of body length and width and DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 and mitochondrial NDI and COI genes. The molecular data also indicated that Vietnamese aspermic triploids might be hybrids and/or their offspring between Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, because they showed the ITS1-Fh/Fg haplotype, which had chimeric sequences of the two species. Furthermore, the aspermic triploids seem to have originated in countries other than Vietnam and to have rapidly spread to that country with infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Itagaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Chen Q, Yu HQ, Lun ZR, Chen XG, Song HQ, Lin RQ, Zhu XQ. Specific PCR assays for the identification of common anisakid nematodes with zoonotic potential. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:79-84. [PMID: 18758823 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for six taxa of anisakids, namely, Anisakis simplex (s.s.), Anisakis typica, Anisakis pegreffii, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Hysterothylacium sp, and Contracaccum osculatum C, specific primers were designed in the ITS-1 and/or ITS-2 for each of the six anisakid taxa. These specific primers were used to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tools for the identification of these anisakid taxa of sea fish by amplifying partial ITS-1 and/or ITS-2 of rDNA from anisakid nematodes. This approach allowed their specific identification, with no amplicons being amplified from heterogeneous DNA samples, and sequencing confirmed the identity of the DNA fragments amplified. The minimum amounts of DNA detectable using the PCR assays were 0.5-1 ng. These PCR tools were then applied to ascertain the specific identity of 143 anisakid larval samples collected from fish in China, Canada, Thailand, and Indonesia, and these anisakid samples were identified to represent one of the six anisakid taxa. These PCR assays based on ITS sequences should provide useful molecular tools for the accurate identification and molecular epidemiological investigations of anisakid infections in humans and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
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Human fascioliasis and the presence of hybrid/introgressed forms of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Vietnam. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:725-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Food-borne parasitic zoonoses in China: perspective for control. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:190-6. [PMID: 18314393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne parasitic zoonoses (FBPZs) cause death and serious diseases in humans and animals worldwide, and are of both public health significance and socioeconomic importance. The FBPZ problem is severe in mainland China, where approximately 150 million people are suffering from FBPZs and more people are at risk. Here, the current status of the FBPZ problem in mainland China is reviewed and strategies and measures for effective control of FBPZs are proposed. Major parasitic zoonoses transmitted through consumption of infected or contaminated meat, fish, plants and/or water will be discussed.
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Genetic characterisation of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities revealed the existence of F. hepatica and F. gigantica in Niger. Parasitol Res 2008; 102:1021-4. [PMID: 18183422 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 16 samples representing Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) from sheep and cattle from seven geographical locations in Niger were characterized genetically by sequences of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The ITS rDNA was amplified from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced directly. The lengths of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were 422 and 361/362 bp, respectively, for all liver fluke samples sequenced. Comparison of the ITS sequences of the Niger Fasciola samples examined in the present study with that of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and the "intermediate Fasciola" from elsewhere revealed that the Niger Fasciola samples examined represent two species, namely F. hepatica and F. gigantica. This is the first demonstration of the existence of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica in Niger by a genetic approach, which provides foundation for further studies on F. hepatica and F. gigantica in Niger and has implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Niger Fasciola and for the diagnosis and control of the disease they cause.
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Alasaad S, Huang CQ, Li QY, Granados JE, García-Romero C, Pérez JM, Zhu XQ. Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1245-50. [PMID: 17610081 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 25 samples representing Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) from nine host species and 19 geographical locations in Spain were characterized genetically by sequences of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The ITS rDNA was amplified from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced directly. The lengths of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were 422 and 362 bp, respectively, for all Spanish liver fluke samples sequenced. Comparison of the ITS sequences of the Spanish Fasciola samples examined in the present study with that of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and the "intermediate Fasciola" revealed that all Spanish Fasciola samples examined represent the single species of F. hepatica, with only slight sequence variation in the ITS-2 (1/362, 0.3%) among the sequenced samples, but the sequence variation was not related to particular host species and/or geographical origins of the samples. The Spanish F. hepatica examined differed from Fasciola from elsewhere by two nucleotides in the ITS-2, which provided genetic marker for the differentiation of Spanish F. hepatica from Fasciola from other geographical localities. These results have implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Spanish F. hepatica and for the diagnosis and control of the disease it causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alasaad
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s. n., E-23071, Jaén, Spain
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