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Zhao YM, Wang WH, Zhang W, Wang L, Li S, Wang JW, Liao LE, Yu GY, Sun Z, Qu YL, Gong Y, Lu Y, Wu T, Li YF, Wang Q, Zhao GH, Xiao Y, Ding PR, Zhang Z, Wu AW. [Long-term outcome of patients with rectal cancer who achieve complete or near complete clinical responses after neoadjuvant therapy: a multicenter registry study of data from the Chinese Watch and Wait Database]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2024; 27:372-382. [PMID: 38644243 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20240227-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To report the long-term outcomes of Chinese rectal cancer patients after adopting a Watch and Wait (W&W) strategy following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was based on real-world data. The study cohort comprised rectal cancer patients who had achieved complete or near complete clinical responses (cCRs, near-cCRs) after NAT and were thereafter managed by a W&W approach, as well as a few patients who had achieved good responses after NAT and had then undergone local excision for confirmation of pathological complete response. All participants had been followed up for ≥2 years. Patients with distant metastases at baseline or who opted for observation while living with the tumor were excluded. Data of eligible patients were retrospectively collected from the Chinese Wait-and-Watch Data Collaboration Group database. These included baseline characteristics, type of NAT, pre-treatment imaging results, evaluation of post-NAT efficacy, salvage measures, and treatment outcomes. We herein report the long-term outcomes of Chinese rectal cancer patients after NAT and W&W and the differences between the cCR and near-cCR groups. Results: Clinical data of 318 rectal cancer patients who had undergone W&W for over 2 years and been followed up were collected from eight medical centers (Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, the First Hospital of Jilin University, and Yunnan Cancer Hospital.) The participants comprised 221 men (69.4%) and 107 women (30.6%) of median age 60 (26-86) years. The median distance between tumor and anal verge was 3.4 (0-10.4) cm. Of these patients, 291 and 27 had achieved cCR or near-cCR, respectively, after NAT. The median duration of follow-up was 48.4 (10.2-110.3) months. The 5-year cumulative overall survival rate was 92.4% (95%CI: 86.8%-95.7%), 5-year cumulative disease-specific survival (CSS) rate 96.6% (95%CI: 92.2%-98.5%), 5-year cumulative organ-preserving disease-free survival rate 86.6% (95%CI: 81.0%-90.7%), and 5-year organ preservation rate 85.3% (95%CI: 80.3%-89.1%). The overall 5-year local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 18.5% (95%CI: 14.9%-20.8%) and 8.2% (95%CI: 5.4%-12.5%), respectively. Most local recurrences (82.1%, 46/56) occurred within 2 years, and 91.0% (51/56) occurred within 3 years, the median time to recurrence being 11.7 (2.5-66.6) months. Most (91.1%, 51/56) local recurrences occurred within the intestinal lumen. Distant metastases developed in 23 patients; 60.9% (14/23) occurred within 2 years and 73.9% (17/23) within 3 years, the median time to distant metastasis being 21.9 (2.6-90.3) months. Common sites included lung (15/23, 65.2%), liver (6/23, 26.1%), and bone (7/23, 30.4%) The metastases involved single organs in 17 patients and multiple organs in six. There were no significant differences in overall, cumulative disease-specific, or organ-preserving disease-free survival or rate of metastases between the two groups (all P>0.05). The 5-year local recurrence rate was higher in the near-cCR than in the cCR group (41.6% vs. 16.4%, P<0.01), with a lower organ preservation rate (69.2% vs. 88.0%, P<0.001). The success rates of salvage after local recurrence and distant metastasis were 82.1% (46/56) and 13.0% (3/23), respectively. Conclusion: Rectal cancer patients who achieve cCR or near-cCR after NAT and undergo W&W have favorable oncological outcomes and a high rate of organ preservation. Local recurrence and distant metastasis during W&W follow certain patterns, with a relatively high salvage rate for local recurrence. Our findings highlight the importance of close follow-up and timely intervention during the W&W process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142,China
| | - W H Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142,China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - J W Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - L E Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat - sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - G Y Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Z Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y L Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Y Gong
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555,China
| | - T Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Y F Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - G H Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - P R Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat - sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - A W Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142,China State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Zhao MH, Sun TT, Wang L, Huang YL, Xie XY, Lu Y, Zhao GH, Wu AW. [Reassessment of practice of Chinese surgeons since introduction of the watch and wait strategy after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2024; 27:383-394. [PMID: 38644244 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20240108-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate perspectives and changes in treatment selection by Chinese surgeons since introduction of the watch-and-wait approach after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire distributed through the "Wenjuanxing" online survey platform. The survey focused on the recognition and practices of Chinese surgeons regarding the strategy of watch-and-wait after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer and was disseminated within the China Watch-and-Wait Database (CWWD) WeChat group. This group targets surgeons of deputy chief physician level and above in surgical, radiotherapy, or internal medicine departments of nationally accredited tumor-specialist or comprehensive hospitals (at provincial or municipal levels) who are involved in colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. From 13 to 16 December 2023, 321 questionnaires were sent with questionnaire links in the CWWD WeChat group. The questionnaires comprised 32 questions encompassing: (1) basic physician characteristics (including surgical volume); (2) assessment methods and criteria for clinical complete response (cCR); (3) patients eligible for watch-and-wait; (4) neoadjuvant therapies and other measures for achieving cCR; (5) willingness to implement watch-and-wait and factors influencing that willingness; (6) risks and monitoring of watch-and-wait; (7) subsequent treatment and follow-up post watch-and-wait; (8) suggestions for development of the CWWD. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis, with intergroup comparisons conducted using the χ2 or Fisher's exact probability tests. Results: The response rate was 31.5%, comprising 101 responses from the 321 individuals in the WeChat group. Respondents comprised 101 physicians from 70 centers across 23 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions nationwide, 85.1% (86/101) of whom represented provincial tertiary hospitals. Among the respondents, 87.1% (88/101) had implemented the watch-and-wait strategy. The approval rate (65.6%, 21/32) and proportion of patients often informed (68.8%, 22/32) were both significantly higher for doctors in oncology hospitals than for those in general hospitals (27.7%, 18/65; 32.4%, 22/68) (χ2=12.83, P<0.001; χ2=11.70, P=0.001, respectively). The most used methods for diagnosing cCR were digital rectal examination (90.1%, 91/101), colonoscopy (91.1%, 92/101), and rectal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (86.1%, 87/101). Criteria used to identify cCR comprised absence of a palpable mass on digital rectal examination (87.1%, 88/101), flat white scars or new capillaries on colonoscopy (77.2%, 78/101), absence of evident tumor signals on rectal T2-weighted sequences or T2WI low signals or signals equivalent to the intestinal wall (83.2%, 84/101), and absence of tumor hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted imaging with no corresponding hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient maps (66.3%, 67/101). As for selection of neoadjuvant regimen and assessment of cCR, 57.4% (58/101) of physicians preferred a long course of radiotherapy with or without induction and/or consolidation capecitabine + oxaliplatin, whereas 25.7% (26/101) preferred immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy. Most (96.0%, 97/101) physicians believed that the primary lesion should be assessed ≤12 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. Patients were frequently informed about the possibility of achieving cCR after neoadjuvant therapy and the strategy of watch-and-wait by 43.6% (44/101) of the responding physicians and 38.6% (39/101) preferred watch-and-wait for patients who achieved cCR or near cCR after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Capability for multiple follow-up evaluations (70.3%, 71/101) was a crucial factor influencing physicians' choice of watch-and-wait after cCR. The proportion who patients who did not achieve cCR and underwent surgical treatment was lower in provincial tertiary hospitals (74.2%, 23/31) than in provincial general hospitals (94.5%, 52/55) and municipal hospitals (12/15); these differences are statistically significant (χ2=7.43, P=0.020). The difference between local recurrence and local regrowth was understood by 88.1% (89/101) of respondents and 87.2% (88/101) agreed with monitoring every 3 months for 5 years. An increase in local excision or puncture rates to reduce organ resections in patients with pCR was proposed by 64.4% (65/101) of respondents. Conclusion: Compared with the results of a previous survey, Chinese surgeons' awareness of the watch-and-wait concept has improved significantly. Oncologists in oncology hospitals are more aware of the concept of watch-and-wait.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - T T Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Y L Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - X Y Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - G H Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - A W Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/ Beijing),Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Wang X, Yang F, Sun Z, Zhao G, Pu Q, Geng C, Dong K, Zhang X, Liu Z, Song H. NKAIN1, as an oncogene, promotes the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, affecting its prognosis. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 38651944 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Na, K-ATPase interaction (NKAIN) is a transmembrane protein family, which can interact with Na, K-ATPase β1 subunit. NKAIN1 plays an important role in alcohol-dependent diseases such as endometrial and prostate cancers. However, the relationship between NKAIN1 and human breast cancer has not been studied. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between NKAIN1 expression and breast cancer. Data used in this study were mainly from the Cancer Genome Atlas, including differential expression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, multiple Cox regression analysis, co-expression gene analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Analyses were performed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry on 46 collected samples. The knockdown or overexpression of NKAIN1 in vitro in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines altered the proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed that NKAIN1 knockdown effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Therefore, our study identified NKAIN1 as an oncogene that is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. The findings highlight the potential of NKAIN1 as a molecular biomarker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiMei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - FangZheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Breast Disease(II), Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - GuangHui Zhao
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - ChenChen Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - XiaoDong Zhang
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - ZiQian Liu
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - HaiYun Song
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Yao Q, Fan YY, Huang S, Hu GR, Song JK, Yang X, Zhao GH. MiR-4521 affects the propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells through targeting foxm1 by regulating cell apoptosis. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107057. [PMID: 37913972 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum could regulate the expression of microRNAs of epithelial cells to facilitate its intracellular propagation. MiR-4521 has been reported to play an important role during the development and progression of tumors and infectious diseases by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the implication of miR-4521 during C. parvum infection was still unknown. In this study, the expression of miR-4521 was found to be upregulated in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum from 8 h post-infection (pi) to 48 hpi, and its upregulation would be related with the TLR/NF-κB signal pathway during C. parvum infection. One potential target of miR-4521, foxm1, was down-regulated in HCT-8 cells from 24 hpi to 48 hpi, and the expression of foxm1 was negatively regulated by miR-4521. The target relationship between miR-4521 and foxm1 was further validated by using dual luciferase reporter assay. Further studies showed that miR-4521 promoted the propagation of C. parvum in HCT-8 cells through targeting foxm1 by regulating BCL2-mediating cell apoptosis. These results contribute to further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of host miRNAs during Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gui-Rong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
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Yang X, Fan YY, Yang DJ, Huang S, Wang JW, Chen X, Zhang M, Liu YW, Li Q, Song JK, Zhao GH. High genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in yaks (Bos grunniens) from Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Parasite 2023; 30:39. [PMID: 37754780 PMCID: PMC10525053 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in humans and various animals, threatening the breeding industry and public health. However, there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in yaks, an economically important animal mainly domesticated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In the present study, nested PCR targeting the ITS gene region was applied to investigate the positive rates and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in 223 faecal samples of yaks from three locations in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 23.8% (53/223). Significant differences in positive rates were identified among yaks from three locations (χ2 = 8.535, p = 0.014) and four age groups (χ2 = 17.259, p = 0.001), with the highest positive rates in yaks from Yajiang and aged < 6 months, respectively. Sequence analysis identified seven known (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, J and BEB4) and five novel (Ganzi1-5) ITS genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight genotypes (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, Ganzi1, Ganzi2 and Ganzi4) in group 1 and three genotypes (J, BEB4 and Ganzi3) in group 2, indicating high genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in yaks from Ganzi. Considering the increasing zoonotic genotypes in yaks in the present study compared with previous findings, interventions should be developed to reduce the potential transmission of E. bieneusi between humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Dan-Jiao Yang
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
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Animal Husbandry Science Institute of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding 626000 China
| | - Shuang Huang
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Xu Chen
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Min Zhang
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Animal Husbandry Science Institute of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding 626000 China
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
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Animal Husbandry Science Institute of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding 626000 China
| | - Qiang Li
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
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Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education Yangling 712100 China
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Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Yangling 712100 China
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Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province Yangling 712100 China
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Yin YL, Yang X, Huang S, Hu GR, Yao Q, Song JK, Zhao GH. Circular RNA ciRS-7 affects the propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells via regulating miR-135a-5p/stat1 axis. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106927. [PMID: 37080266 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that mainly inhabit intestinal epithelial cells, causing diarrheal diseases in humans and a great number of animals. Cryptosporidium parvum is the most common zoonotic species, responsible for nearly 45% of human cryptosporidiosis worldwide. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between C. parvum and host gastrointestinal epithelial cells has significant implications to control cryptosporidiosis. One up-regulated circRNA ciRS-7 was found previously by our group to promote in vitro propagation of C. parvum in HCT-8 cells. In the present study, miR-135a-5p, was found to be a miRNA target of ciRS-7. Cryptosporidium parvum infection induced significantly down-regulation of miR-135a-5p and dramatic up-regulation of its potential target stat1 gene at mRNA and protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays validated the physical interactions between miR-135a-5p and stat1, and between ciRS-7 and miR-135a-5p. Further study revealed that ciRS-7 could sponge miR-135a-5p to positively regulate the protein levels of STAT1 and phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1) and thus promote C. parvum propagation in HCT-8 cells. Our findings further reveal the mystery of regulatory roles of host circRNAs during Cryptosporidium infection, and provide a novel insight to develop strategies to control cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gui-Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Lai P, Yang X, Li YH, Yin YL, Yao Q, Huang S, Fan YY, Song JK, Zhao GH. Characterization of CpCaM, a protein potentially involved in the growth of Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:989-996. [PMID: 36879147 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is an important apicomplexan parasite causing severe diarrhea in both humans and animals. Calmodulin (CaM), a multifunctional and universal calcium-binding protein, contributes to the growth and development of apicomplexan parasites, but the role of CaM in C. parvum remains unknown. In this study, the CaM of C. parvum encoded by the cgd2_810 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the biological functions of CpCaM were preliminarily investigated. The transcriptional level of the cgd2_810 gene peaked at 36 h post infection (pi), and the CpCaM protein was mainly located around the nucleus of the whole oocysts, in the middle of sporozoites and around the nucleus of merozoites. Anti-CpCaM antibody reduced the invasion of C. parvum sporozoites by 30.69%. The present study indicates that CpCaM is potentially involved in the growth of C. parvum. Results of the study expand our knowledge on the interaction between host and Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lai
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Chen JM, Zhao SS, Tao DL, Li JY, Yang X, Fan YY, Song JK, Liu Q, Zhao GH. Temporal transcriptomic changes in microRNAs involved in the host immune response and metabolism during Neospora caninum infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36694228 PMCID: PMC9872418 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neospora caninum infection is a major cause of abortion in cattle, which results in serious economic losses to the cattle industry. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines for the control of N. caninum infections. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, and dysregulated expression of host miRNAs and the biological implications of this have been reported for infections by various protozoan parasites. However, to our knowledge, there is presently no published information on host miRNA expression during N. caninum infection. METHODS The expression profiles of miRNAs were investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) infected with N. caninum at 24 h post infection (pi) and 48 hpi, and the functions of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The transcriptome data were validated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. One of the upregulated DEmiRNAs, namely chi-miR-146a, was selected to study the effect of DEmiRNAs on the propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs. RESULTS RNA-seq showed 18 (17 up- and one downregulated) and 79 (54 up- and 25 downregulated) DEmiRNAs at 24 hpi and 48 hpi, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 13 randomly selected DEmiRNAs (10 up- and three downregulated miRNAs) confirmed the validity of the RNA-seq data. A total of 7835 messenger RNAs were predicted to be potential targets for 66 DEmiRNAs, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these predicted targets revealed that DEmiRNAs altered by N. caninum infection may be involved in host immune responses (e.g. Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway) and metabolic pathways (e.g. lysine degradation, insulin signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway). Upregulated chi-miR-146a was found to promote N. caninum propagation in caprine EECs. CONCLUSIONS This is, to our knowledge, the first report on the expression profiles of host miRNAs during infection with N. caninum, and shows that chi-miR-146a may promote N. caninum propagation in host cells. The novel findings of the present study should help to elucidate the interactions between host cells and N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Chen
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - De-Liang Tao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xin Yang
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Qun Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
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Zhao SS, Tao DL, Chen JM, Wu JP, Yang X, Song JK, Zhu XQ, Zhao GH. RNA sequencing reveals dynamic expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in caprine endometrial epithelial cells induced by Neospora caninum infection. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:297. [PMID: 35999576 PMCID: PMC9398501 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effective transmission mode of Neospora caninum, with infection leading to reproductive failure in ruminants, is vertical transmission. The uterus is an important reproductive organ that forms the maternal–fetal interface. Neospora caninum can successfully invade and proliferate in the uterus, but the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial-pathogen interactions remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular molecular regulatory networks, with reports that these RNA molecules are closely related to the pathogenesis of apicomplexan parasites. However, the expression profiles of host lncRNAs during N. caninum infection has not been reported. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to investigate the expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) infected with N. caninum for 24 h (TZ_24h) and 48 h (TZ_48 h), and the potential functions of differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were predicted by using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of their mRNA targets. Results RNA-seq analysis identified 1280.15 M clean reads in 12 RNA samples, including six samples infected with N. caninum for 24 h (TZ1_24h-TZ3_24h) and 48 h (TZ1_48h-TZ3_48h), and six corresponding control samples (C1_24h-C3_24h and C1_48h-C3_48h). Within the categories TZ_24h-vs-C_24h, TZ_48h-vs-C_48h and TZ_48h-vs-TZ_24h, there were 934 (665 upregulated and 269 downregulated), 1238 (785 upregulated and 453 downregulated) and 489 (252 upregulated and 237 downregulated) DEmRNAs, respectively. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis revealed that these DEmRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of host immune response (e.g. TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway), signaling molecules and interaction (e.g. cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules and ECM-receptor interaction). A total of 88 (59 upregulated and 29 downregulated), 129 (80 upregulated and 49 downregulated) and 32 (20 upregulated and 12 downregulated) DElncRNAs were found within the categories TZ_24h-vs-C_24h, TZ_48h-vs-C_48h and TZ_48h-vs-TZ_24h, respectively. Functional prediction indicated that these DElncRNAs would be involved in signal transduction (e.g. MAPK signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway), neural transmission (e.g. GABAergic synapse, serotonergic synapse, cholinergic synapse), metabolism processes (e.g. glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-heparan sulfate/heparin) and signaling molecules and interaction (e.g. cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules and ECM-receptor interaction). Conclusions This is the first investigation of global gene expression profiles of lncRNAs during N. caninum infection. The results provide valuable information for further studies of the roles of lncRNAs during N. caninum infection. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05405-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - De-Liang Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Tao DL, Zhao SS, Chen JM, Chen X, Yang X, Song JK, Liu Q, Zhao GH. Neospora caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction in caprine endometrial epithelial cells via downregulating SIRT1. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:274. [PMID: 35915458 PMCID: PMC9344697 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection of Neospora caninum, an important obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, causes reproductive dysfunctions (e.g. abortions) in ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep and goats), leading to serious economic losses of livestock worldwide, but the pathogenic mechanisms of N. caninum are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to be closely associated with pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. However, the effect of N. caninum infection on the mitochondrial function of hosts remains unclear. Methods The effects of N. caninum infection on mitochondrial dysfunction in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and ultrastructure of mitochondria, were studied by using JC-1, DCFH-DA, ATP assay kits, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, and the regulatory roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and N. caninum propagation in caprine EECs were investigated by using two drugs, namely resveratrol (an activator of SIRT1) and Ex 527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1). Results The current study found that N. caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction of caprine EECs, including accumulation of intracellular ROS, significant reductions of MMP, ATP contents, mtDNA copy numbers and damaged ultrastructure of mitochondria. Downregulated expression of SIRT1 was also detected in caprine EECs infected with N. caninum. Treatments using resveratrol and Ex 527 to caprine EECs showed that dysregulation of SIRT1 significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction of cells caused by N. caninum infection. Furthermore, using resveratrol and Ex 527, SIRT1 expression was found to be negatively associated with autophagy induced by N. caninum infection in caprine EECs, and the intracellular propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs was negatively affected by SIRT1 expression. Conclusions These results indicated that N. caninum infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction by downregulating SIRT1, and downregulation of SIRT1 promoted cell autophagy and intracellular proliferation of N. caninum tachyzoites in caprine EECs. The findings suggested a potential role of SIRT1 as a target to develop control strategies against N. caninum infection. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05406-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Liang Tao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Zhao SS, Tao DL, Chen JM, Chen X, Geng XL, Wang JW, Yang X, Song JK, Liu Q, Zhao GH. Neospora caninum infection activated autophagy of caprine endometrial epithelial cells via mTOR signaling. Vet Parasitol 2022; 304:109685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wang SS, Zhou CX, Elsheikha HM, He JJ, Zou FC, Zheng WB, Zhu XQ, Zhao GH. Temporal transcriptomic changes in long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs involved in the host immune and metabolic response during Toxoplasma gondii lytic cycle. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:22. [PMID: 35012632 PMCID: PMC8750853 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of various biological and pathological processes, in particular the inflammatory response by modulating the transcriptional control of inflammatory genes. However, the role of lncRNAs in regulating the immune and inflammatory responses during infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii remains largely unknown. Methods We performed a longitudinal RNA sequencing analysis of human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells infected by T. gondii to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and dysregulated pathways over the course of T. gondii lytic cycle. The transcriptome data were validated by qRT-PCR. Results RNA sequencing revealed significant transcriptional changes in the infected HFFs. A total of 697, 1234, 1499, 873, 1466, 561, 676 and 716 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 636, 1266, 1843, 2303, 3022, 1757, 3088 and 2531 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post-infection, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs revealed that T. gondii infection altered the expression of genes involved in the regulation of host immune response (e.g., cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction), receptor signaling (e.g., NOD-like receptor signaling pathway), disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), and metabolism (e.g., fatty acid degradation). Conclusions These results provide novel information for further research on the role of lncRNAs in immune regulation of T. gondii infection. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05140-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Chun-Xue Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Song JK, Wang D, Ren M, Yang F, Wang PX, Zou M, Zhao GH, Lin Q. Seasonal Prevalence and Novel Multilocus Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Yaks ( Bos grunniens) in Qinghai Province, Western China. Iran J Parasitol 2021; 16:548-554. [PMID: 35082882 PMCID: PMC8710206 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i4.7865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Giardia duodenalis is an important opportunistic zoonotic intestinal protozoon, which could parasitize yaks. However, a few studies have been conducted on the seasonal infection of G. duodenalis in yaks in China. Methods: Overall, 1,027 fecal samples were collected from yaks of two age groups in seven cities of Qinghai Province, China at four seasons between May 2016 and Sep 2017. The prevalence and assemblages were analyzed by nested PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 2.04% (21/1027) based on triose phosphate isomease (tpi) locus. No significant differences in prevalence of the organism in yaks were found among different sampling areas. Additionally, same result was also presented in different seasons. However, there was statistically significant difference between young yaks within 6 months (8.33%, 4/48) and adult yaks over 6 months (1.73%, 17/979). The assemblage A recognized as a zoonotic assemblage (n=3) was found in yaks (>6 months) from Xining, while assemblage E (n=18) was detected from yaks in six cities. There were 5, 2 and 3 G. duodenalis subtypes detected positive at the tpi, the β-giardin (bg), and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 2, 2 and 3 novel subtypes, respectively. Three samples were successfully sequenced at all three loci, forming 1 assemblages A multilocus genotype (MLG) and 2 assemblages E MLGs, not reported. Conclusion: This study indicated a zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis in yaks from Qinghai Province and provides basic information about the epidemiology of G. duodenalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Pin-Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Min Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
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Yin YL, Yang X, Zhao GH. Response to comments on our article (Yin YL et al., Parasit Vectors, 10.1186/s13071-021-04739-w) by Yuqing Wang and colleagues. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:484. [PMID: 34548103 PMCID: PMC8456634 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter responds to comments on our article (Yin YL et al., Parasit Vectors, 10.1186/s13071-021-04739-w) by Yuqing Wang and colleagues, who wrote a letter entitled "Microarray analysis of circular RNAs in HCT-8 cells infected with Cryptosporidium parvum" and discussed statistical procedures for microarray analysis during C. parvum infection. To further confirm our data, in this letter, a common R package for analyses of differentially expressed genes, namely DESeq2, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, was used to analyze our microarray data and identified 26 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs using adjusted P value < 0.05 and | Log2 (fold change [FC]) | ≥ 1.0, including our circRNA ciRS-7 of interest. Therefore, the protocol for selecting circRNAs of interest for further study in our article is acceptable and did not affect the subsequent scientific findings in our article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhou HC, Xin-Yan Yan, Yu WW, Liang XQ, Du XY, Liu ZC, Long JP, Zhao GH, Liu HB. Lactic acid in macrophage polarization: The significant role in inflammation and cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:4-18. [PMID: 34304685 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1955876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite lactic acid has always been regarded as a metabolic by-product rather than a bioactive molecule. Recently, this view has changed since it was discovered that lactic acid can be used as a signal molecule and has novel signal transduction functions both intracellular and extracellular, which can regulate key functions in the immune system. In recent years, more and more evidence has shown that lactic acid is closely related to the metabolism and polarization of macrophages. During inflammation, lactic acid is a regulator of macrophage metabolism, and it can prevent excessive inflammatory responses; In malignant tumors, lactic acid produced by tumor tissues promotes the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, which in turn promotes tumor progression. In this review, we examined the relationship between lactic acid and macrophage metabolism. We further discussed how lactic acid plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of macrophages, as well as the biology of macrophage polarization and the M1/M2 imbalance in human diseases. Potential methods to target lactic acid in the treatment of inflammation and cancer will also be discussed so as to provide new strategies for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Cun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xin-Yan Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jian-Ping Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R.China
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Wu XM, Yang X, Fan XC, Chen X, Wang YX, Zhang LX, Song JK, Zhao GH. Serum metabolomics in chickens infected with Cryptosporidium baileyi. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:336. [PMID: 34174965 PMCID: PMC8235856 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium baileyi is an economically important zoonotic pathogen that causes serious respiratory symptoms in chickens for which no effective control measures are currently available. An accumulating body of evidence indicates the potential and usefulness of metabolomics to further our understanding of the interaction between pathogens and hosts, and to search for new diagnostic or pharmacological biomarkers of complex microorganisms. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of C. baileyi infection on the serum metabolism of chickens and to assess several metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for C. baileyi infection. Methods Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and subsequent multivariate statistical analysis were applied to investigate metabolomics profiles in the serum samples of chickens infected with C. baileyi, and to identify potential metabolites that can be used to distinguish chickens infected with C. baileyi from non-infected birds. Results Multivariate statistical analysis identified 138 differential serum metabolites between mock- and C. baileyi-infected chickens at 5 days post-infection (dpi), including 115 upregulated and 23 downregulated compounds. These metabolites were significantly enriched into six pathways, of which two pathways associated with energy and lipid metabolism, namely glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively, were the most enriched. Interestingly, some important immune-related pathways were also significantly enriched, including the intestinal immune network for IgA production, autophagy and cellular senescence. Nine potential C. baileyi-responsive metabolites were identified, including choline, sirolimus, all-trans retinoic acid, PC(14:0/22:1(13Z)), PC(15:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), PE(16:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z)), phosphocholine, SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)(OH)) and sphinganine. Conclusions This is the first report on serum metabolic profiling of chickens with early-stage C. baileyi infection. The results provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of C. baileyi in chickens. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04834-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cheng Fan
- Center of Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Huyi District, Xi'an, 710300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Yin YL, Liu TL, Yao Q, Wang YX, Wu XM, Wang XT, Yang X, Song JK, Zhao GH. Circular RNA ciRS-7 affects the propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum in HCT-8 cells by sponging miR-1270 to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:238. [PMID: 33957927 PMCID: PMC8101149 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic pathogen responsible for severe enteric diseases in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying host and Cryptosporidium interactions are still not clear. METHODS To study the roles of circRNAs in host cells during Cryptosporidium infection, the expression profiles of circRNAs in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum were investigated using a microarray assay, and the regulatory role of a significantly upregulated circRNA, ciRS-7, was investigated during C. parvum infection. RESULTS C. parvum infection caused notable alterations in the expression profiles of circRNAs in HCT-8 cells, and a total of 178 (including 128 up- and 50 downregulated) circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed following C. parvum infection. Among them, ciRS-7 was significantly upregulated and regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway by sponging miR-1270 during C. parvum infection. Furthermore, the ciRS-7/miR-1270/relA axis markedly affected the propagation of C. parvum in HCT-8 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that ciRS-7 would promote C. parvum propagation by regulating the miR-1270/relA axis and affecting the NF-κB pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the role of circRNA during Cryptosporidium infection, and the findings provide a novel view for implementing control strategies against Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue-Ting Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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18
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Wang SS, Chen D, He JJ, Zheng WB, Tian AL, Zhao GH, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Fasciola gigantica-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alter the Expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs Involved in the Immune Response and Metabolism in Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653755. [PMID: 33912180 PMCID: PMC8072156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica produces excretory-secretory products (ESPs) with immune-modulating effects to promote its own survival. In this study, we performed RNA-seq to gain a comprehensive global understanding of changes in the expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with F. gigantica ESPs. A total of 1,544 differently expressed mRNAs (790 upregulated and 754 downregulated genes), 30 differently expressed miRNAs (24 upregulated and 6 downregulated genes), 136 differently expressed circRNAs (83 upregulated and 53 downregulated genes), and 1,194 differently expressed lncRNAs (215 upregulated and 979 downregulated genes) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that F. gigantica ESPs altered the expression of genes associated with the host immune response, receptor signaling, disease and metabolism. Results from RNA-seq were validated by qRT-PCR. These findings provide an important resource for future investigation of the role of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in mediating the immune-modulating effects of F. gigantica ESPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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19
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Yin YL, Wang Y, Lai P, Yao Q, Li Y, Zhang LX, Yang X, Song JK, Zhao GH. Establishment and preliminary application of nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1837-1844. [PMID: 33649965 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is an important intestinal protozoan parasite that causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. To rapidly and specifically detect Cryptosporidium spp., we designed a pair of primers based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium spp. to be used in a new nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nano-PCR) assay. The minimum detectable concentration (1.02 pg) of this nano-PCR was 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR using the same primer pair. The DNA samples of C. parvum, C. baileyi, C. xiaoi, C. ryanae, and C. andersoni were successfully detected by the nano-PCR. No amplifications were evident with DNA samples of some common intestinal pathogens, including Eimeria tenella, Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantidium coli. To validate the clinical usefulness of the novel nano-PCR, a total of 40 faecal samples from goats, camels, calves, and chickens were examined. The positive rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 27.5% (11/40), which was consistent with that of an established nested PCR. These results indicate that the novel nano-PCR assay enables the rapid, specific, and accurate detection of Cryptosporidium infection in animals. The findings provide a technical basis for the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and control of cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chen Y, Liu L, Xing YY, Li Q, Zhao GH, Lu YY, Yang JJ. Down-regulation of miR-365 suppresses cerebral ischemia injury by targeting IGF1R. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1857-1862. [PMID: 33103413 DOI: 10.23812/20-321-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Y Y Xing
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - G H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Y Y Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - J J Yang
- Department of General practice, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
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21
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Liu YL, Chen BY, Nie J, Zhao GH, Zhuo JY, Yuan J, Li YC, Wang LL, Chen ZW. Polydatin prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:62. [PMID: 32952652 PMCID: PMC7485305 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible interstitial lung disease, with no effective cure. Polydatin is a resveratrol glucoside with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, which is used for treating health-related disorders such as cardiac disabilities, various types of carcinoma, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of polydatin against bleomycin-induced IPF and the possible underlying mechanism. A549 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and polydatin to observe phenotypic transformation and the related gene expression was detected. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and intratracheally infused with bleomycin to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model (the sham control group received saline). The rats were given pirfenidone (50 mg/kg), resveratrol (40 mg/kg) and polydatin (10, 40 and 160 mg/kg) for 28 days. The results demonstrated that polydatin had low toxicity to A549 cells and inhibited TGF-β1-induced phenotypic transformation as determined by MTS assay or observed using a light microscope. It also decreased the gene expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and increased the gene expression levels of epithelial cell cadherin in vitro and in vivo by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, polydatin ameliorated the pathological damage and fiber production in lung tissues found by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining. Polydatin administration markedly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde and promoted total superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues as determined using ELISA kits or biochemical reagent kits. It inhibited TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad 2 and 3 and ERK-1 and -2 in vivo as determined by western blot assays. These results suggest that polydatin protects against IPF via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic activities, and the mechanism may be associated with its regulatory effect on the TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lu Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Yi Chen
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juan Nie
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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22
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Zhao SS, Li YH, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Jing B, Xu CY, Zhang LX, Song JK, Qi M, Zhao GH. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3873-3880. [PMID: 33006040 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is known to infect humans and a wide range of animals globally. However, no studies on G. duodenalis infection in Bactrian camels have been reported. In the present study, in order to examine the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in Bactrian camels, 852 fecal samples were collected from 24 sampling sites in three geographical areas (Gansu province, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions) of northwestern China, and subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis targeting the 18S rRNA, β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. About 84 fecal samples tested positive for Giardia infection, with an overall prevalence of 9.8%, including three samples from camel calves with diarrhea. Significant differences (χ2 = 80.7, df = 2, P < 0.01) in the prevalence were found in Bactrian camels belonging to three geographical areas, with the highest (33.3%) in Gansu province and the lowest (4.2%) in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Furthermore, significantly different prevalences (χ2 = 34.2, df = 2, P < 0.01) were revealed among age groups, with the highest (35.7%) in camels aged 3 to 6 years old, and the lowest (7.5%) in camels aged > 6 years old. Sequence analysis identified two assemblages, including zoonotic assemblage A and ungulate-adapted assemblage E, with the latter as the dominant G. duodenalis assemblage in each age group and at all sampling sites having positive samples except Hotan. Genetic variations were detected among G. duodenalis isolates in these camels, and eight, three, and seven haplotypes were identified at loci bg, gdh, and tpi, respectively, forming two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of zoonotic assemblage A and one MLG of assemblage E. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on G. duodenalis infection in Bactrian camels, and the data indicate that G. duodenalis have a broad host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Xu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Regions, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li YH, Yao Q, Dong HP, Wang SS, Chen RR, Song JK, Yan WC, Zhao GH. Molecular characterization of Balantioides coli in pigs from Shaanxi province, northwestern China. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3075-3081. [PMID: 32656656 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli) is an important zoonotic but usually neglected protozoa infecting human and a great number of animals, and the pig was considered to be the most important natural host and reservoir. However, no information about the infection of B. coli in pigs in northwestern China was available. In the present study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of B. coli in pigs in Shaanxi province were investigated. A total of 560 fecal samples were collected from pigs of four age groups in five different geographical regions and analyzed by using PCR targeting the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 gene fragment. The infection of B. coli was detected in all age groups and regions, with the total prevalence of 16.8% (94/560). Significant differences (P < 0.01) in prevalence were found among four investigated age groups, with the highest in fatteners (38.8%) and the lowest in adults (5.7%). The prevalence was also significantly (P < 0.01) different among pigs from five sampling regions. Sequence analysis revealed two genetic variants, namely, A and B, in these investigated pigs, and both of them were detected in all age groups and regions, with the latter as the predominant one. Further, sixty-eight different haplotypes were found, with 19 and 49 belonged to genetic variants A and B, respectively. The findings in the present study indicated wide distribution and high diversity of B. coli in pigs in Shaanxi province and provided fundamental data for implementing control strategies on B. coli infection in pigs as well as other hosts in this province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Nie GK, Xu C, Wei QK, Li J, Xiao T, Sun H, Kong XL, Yin K, Zhao GH, Zhang BG, Yan G, Huang BC. [Analysis of drug - resistant gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province in 2015 and 2016]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:612-617. [PMID: 33325196 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistant gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province. METHODS From 2015 to 2016, blood samples were collected from imported P. falciparum malaria patients returning from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province, and genome DNA of the malaria parasite was extracted. The drug-resistant Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and K13 genes of P. falciparum were amplified using a PCR assay, followed by DNA sequencing, and the sequences were aligned. RESULTS The target fragments of all 5 drug-resistant genes of P. falciparum were successfully amplified and sequenced. There were 72.8%, 18.6%, and 8.6% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfcrt gene, respectively, and all mutant haplotypes were CVIET (the underline indicates the mutation site). There were 20.0%, 61.4% and 18.6% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfmdr1 gene, respectively, and the mutant haplotypes mainly included YF and NF (the underlines indicate the mutation sites). There were 1.4%, 98.6%, and 0 of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfdhfr gene, respectively, and AIRNI was the predominant mutant haplotype (the underline indicates the mutation site). There were 1.4%, 94.3%, and 4.3% of P. falciparum parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type Pfdhps gene, respectively, and SGKAA was the predominant mutant haplotype (the underline indicates the mutation site). The complete drug-resistant IRNGE genotype consisted of 8.6% of the Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes, and the K13 gene A578S mutation occurred in 1.4% of the parasite samples. CONCLUSIONS There are mutations in the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and K13 genes of P. falciparum imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province, with a low frequency in the Pfcrt gene mutation and a high frequency in the Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps gene mutations, and the K13 gene A578S mutation is detected in the parasite samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Nie
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, China
- Jining Health School, Shandong Province, China
| | - C Xu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - Q K Wei
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, China
| | - J Li
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - T Xiao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - H Sun
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, China
| | - X L Kong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - K Yin
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, China
| | - G H Zhao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - B G Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - G Yan
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
| | - B C Huang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, China
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Fan XC, Liu TL, Wang Y, Wu XM, Wang YX, Lai P, Song JK, Zhao GH. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in chickens during Eimeria necatrix infection. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:167. [PMID: 32245514 PMCID: PMC7118956 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria necatrix, the most highly pathogenic coccidian in chicken small intestines, can cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible birds and devastating economic losses in poultry production, but the underlying molecular mechanisms in interaction between chicken and E. necatrix are not entirely revealed. Accumulating evidence shows that the long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in various infectious diseases. However, the expression profiles and roles of these two non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during E. necatrix infection are still unclear. METHODS The expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in mid-segments of chicken small intestines at 108 h post-infection (pi) with E. necatrix were analyzed by using the RNA-seq technique. RESULTS After strict filtering of raw data, we putatively identified 49,183 mRNAs, 818 lncRNAs and 4153 circRNAs. The obtained lncRNAs were classified into four types, including 228 (27.87%) intergenic, 67 (8.19%) intronic, 166 (20.29%) anti-sense and 357 (43.64%) sense-overlapping lncRNAs; of these, 571 were found to be novel. Five types were also predicted for putative circRNAs, including 180 exonic, 54 intronic, 113 antisense, 109 intergenic and 3697 sense-overlapping circRNAs. Eimeria necatrix infection significantly altered the expression of 1543 mRNAs (707 upregulated and 836 downregulated), 95 lncRNAs (49 upregulated and 46 downregulated) and 13 circRNAs (9 upregulated and 4 downregulated). Target predictions revealed that 38 aberrantly expressed lncRNAs would cis-regulate 73 mRNAs, and 1453 mRNAs could be trans-regulated by 87 differentially regulated lncRNAs. Additionally, 109 potential sponging miRNAs were also identified for 9 circRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of target mRNAs for lncRNAs, and sponging miRNA targets and source genes for circRNAs identified associations of both lncRNAs and circRNAs with host immune defense and pathogenesis during E. necatrix infection. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first genome-wide analysis of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in chicken small intestines infected with E. necatrix. The obtained data will offer novel clues for exploring the interaction mechanisms between chickens and Eimeria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Cheng Fan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Center of Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Huyi District, Xi'an, 710300, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peng Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Liu TL, Fan XC, Wang Y, Wang YX, Wang JW, Song JK, Zhao GH. Micro-RNA expression profile of chicken small intestines during Eimeria necatrix infection. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2444-2451. [PMID: 32359579 PMCID: PMC7597538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria necatrix is a high pathogenic pathogen second to Eimeria tenella causing chicken coccidiosis. However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms of interaction between E. necatrix and chickens are not fully understood. Accumulating evidences suggest that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal regulatory roles in various diseases, including parasitic diseases. In the present study, the expression profile of miRNAs in Hy-line variety white chicken small intestines infected with E. necatrix was studied by using deep sequencing. A total of 35 miRNAs (including 16 significantly upregulated and 19 significantly downregulated miRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in infected tissues at 108 h post-infection (pi). Real-time polymerase chain of 10 miRNAs (including 5 upregulated and 5 downregulated) randomly selected successfully confirmed the effectiveness of deep sequencing. Target prediction showed that 4,568 mRNAs could be regulated by 21 (including 12 upregulated and 9 downregulated) of 35 differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional analysis indicated that target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs would be involved in pathways related to infection of E. necatrix, including cell differentiation, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway). To our best knowledge, this is the first study on the miRNA expression profile of small intestines during E. necatrix infection, and the findings in the present study suggested that these DE miRNAs would play important regulatory role in the interaction between E. necatrix and chicken intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Li Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Fan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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27
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Zhang HJ, Song JK, Wu XM, Li YH, Wang Y, Lin Q, Zhao GH. First report of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in Zangxiang pigs from China. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2305-2310. [PMID: 31079254 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic intestinal protozoan of animals and humans. We collected 450 faecal specimens from four age groups (pre-weaned piglets, weaned piglets, juveniles, adults) of Zangxiang pigs from Shaanxi and Qinghai provinces, to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis at the β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci using nested PCRs in the present study. A total of 28 faecal samples were positive for presence of G. duodenalis, with an overall prevalence of 6.2%. Giardia duodenalis was detected in pigs from all age groups and in both investigated provinces. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in prevalence were observed among the four age groups with prevalence decreasing with age. Sequence analysis indicated existence of genetic diversity of G. duodenalis isolates from Zangxiang pigs, with 4, 2 and 4 haplotypes at the bg, tpi and gdh loci, respectively. Two assemblages were identified, including the zoonotic assemblage B and assemblage E, with the latter as the predominant assemblage found in both locations and all age groups except adults. The present study expanded the host range of G. duodenalis and provided fundamental data for controlling G. duodenalis infection in Zangxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J K Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X M Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - G H Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Zhao GH, Yang L, Lammi MJ, Guo X. A preliminary analysis of microRNA profiles in the subchondral bone between Kashin-Beck disease and primary knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2637-2645. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Ren M, Song JK, Yang F, Zou M, Wang PX, Wang D, Zhang HJ, Zhao GH, Lin Q. First genotyping of Blastocystis in yaks from Qinghai Province, northwestern China. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:171. [PMID: 30992082 PMCID: PMC6469144 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common protist that can infect domestic and wild animals worldwide. Yak (Bos grunniens), an ancient species which can survive in alpine regions, has supplied necessities to local residents in plateau areas for generations. However, the infections with Blastocystis in yaks has been ignored for a long time. In the present study, the infections and genotypes of Blastocystis spp. in domestic yaks from Qinghai Province (northwestern China) were explored. Results Of 1027 faecal samples collected from yaks in seven regions of Qinghai Province, northwestern China, the total prevalence of Blastocystis was 27.07% (278/1027) targeting the small subunit ribosome rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene. This protist was detected in yaks within each examined age group, geographical origin and season. Significant difference in prevalence was found in yaks from different geographical origins. The highest prevalence (48.94%) was observed in animals from Haixi county. Sequence analysis revealed three animal-specific subtypes (ST10, ST12 and ST14) of Blastocystis spp. in these yaks, with ST10 being the predominant subtype widely distributed in all investigated regions, seasons and age groups. Interestingly, this is the first report about subtype ST12 infecting yaks. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first systematic report on Blastocystis prevalence in yaks from China, and the findings provide fundamental data for establishing effective control measures for this protist in yaks as well as other animals in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin-Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Chen D, Zou Y, Li Z, Wang SS, Xie SC, Shi LQ, Zou FC, Yang JF, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in black-boned sheep and goats in southwestern China. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:102. [PMID: 30867035 PMCID: PMC6417273 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan infecting both humans and animals, causing significant public health concern and immeasurable economic losses to animal husbandry. Sheep and goats have been reported as common reservoirs of G. duodenalis, but only a limited amount of information is available for native breeds of these small ruminants in China. The present study investigated the prevalence and multilocus genotypes of G. duodenalis in black-boned sheep and goats, two important native breeds in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 336 black-boned goats and 325 black-boned sheep from five counties (Meishui, Shanshu, Shilin, Yongsheng and Nanping) of Yunnan Province and the genomic DNA was extracted from these feces. The prevalence of G. duodenalis was determined by the nested PCR targeting the β-giardin (bg) gene. The assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were investigated based on analyses of three genetic loci, i.e. bg, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). RESULTS Giardia duodenalis infection was detected in both black-boned sheep and goats, and the prevalence of G. duodenalis in black-boned sheep (21.8%, 71/325) was significantly higher (χ2 = 36.63, df = 1, P < 0.001) than that in black-boned goats (4.8%, 16/336). Significant differences in prevalence were also observed in goats and sheep from different counties (χ2 = 39.83, df = 4, P < 0.001) and age groups (χ2 = 97.33, df = 3, P < 0.001). Zoonotic assemblage A and animal-specific assemblage E were identified in both black-boned sheep and goats with the latter as the predominant assemblage. Based on sequences obtained from the three genetic loci (bg, gdh and tpi), 16 MLGs were obtained in black-boned sheep and goats, including 15 MLGs in assemblage E and one MLG in assemblage A. CONCLUSIONS Our results not only extended the host range of G. duodenalis, but also revealed high genetic variations in G. duodenalis assemblages. The findings of the present study also provide baseline data for preventing and controlling G. duodenalis infection in black-boned sheep and goats in Yunnan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Qin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YF, Yang P, Zhao GH, Li L, Tan LS, Tong C. [Diffusive CO 2 Flux Across the Water-air Interface of Reclaimed Shrimp Ponds in the Minjiang River Estuary Based on the TBL Model]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:1188-1197. [PMID: 31087965 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201808025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater aquatic ecosystems are important sources of greenhouse gases, such as CO2. However, few studies have presented data on the greenhouse gas flux from coastal aquaculture ponds. Diffusion models are important tools for estimating the CO2 exchange flux across the water-air interface of aquatic ecosystems. Several different parameterized means were selected to estimate the CO2 gas exchange rate (kx) and CO2 diffusive flux across the water-air interface of shrimp ponds in the Minjiang River Estuary. The results indicated that:① the CO2 gas exchange rate and diffusive flux over the culture period all presented significant temporal variation. This variation showed a dynamic trend:October > September > November > July > August and November > July > August > September > October. ② Wind speed, kx, CO2 concentration, pH, DOC concentration, and Chl-a concentration were important factors affecting the temporal variation of CO2 diffusive flux. ③ There were differences in the estimated value of CO2 diffusive flux across the water-air interface of the culture ponds in the Minjiang River Estuary among different parameterized approaches (P<0.01). This indicates that the model method has some uncertainties in estimating the CO2 diffusive flux in culture ponds. Our results suggest that the models RC01 and CW03 are more suitable methods for estimating the CO2 diffusive flux at the water-air interface of estuarine reclaimed aquaculture ponds in the Minjiang River Estuary, after comprehensive analysis of the water environment and the different estimation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Li-Shan Tan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Hu RS, He JJ, Elsheikha HM, Zhang FK, Zou Y, Zhao GH, Cong W, Zhu XQ. Differential Brain MicroRNA Expression Profiles After Acute and Chronic Infection of Mice With Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2316. [PMID: 30333806 PMCID: PMC6176049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain microRNAs (miRNAs) change in abundance in response to Toxoplasma gondii infection. However, their precise role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infection with T. gondii oocyst remains unclear. We studied the abundance of miRNAs in the brain of mice on days 11 and 33 post-infection (dpi) in order to identify miRNA pattern specific to early (11 dpi) and late (33 dpi) T. gondii infection. Mice were challenged with T. gondii oocysts (Type II strain) and on 11 and 33 dpi, the expression of miRNAs in mouse brain was investigated using small RNA (sRNA) sequencing. miRNA expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to identify the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components, as well as pathways involved in infection. More than 1,500 miRNAs (1,352 known and 150 novel miRNAs) were detected in the infected and control mice. The expression of miRNAs varied across time after infection; 3, 38, and 108 differentially expressed miRNAs (P < 0.05) were detected during acute infection, chronic infection and chronic vs. acute infection, respectively. GO analysis showed that chronically infected mice had more predicted targets of dysregulated miRNAs than acutely infected mice. KEGG analysis indicated that most predicted targets were involved in immune- or disease-related pathways. Our data indicate that T. gondii infection alters the abundance of miRNAs in mouse brain particularly at the chronic stage, probably to fine-tune conditions required for the establishment of a latent brain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Si Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Marine Science, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Abstract
Background The zoonotic parasite, Giardia duodenalis (syns. G. lamblia and G. intestinalis), has been widely reported in humans and animals, including rodents. The bamboo rat, a rodent species belonged to the subfamily Rhizomyinae, is farmed in China because of its medicinal and edible values. However, no information of G. duodenalis infection was available in bamboo rats prior to the present study. Here, the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in bamboo rats from Hunan Province of China were investigated. Results Of 480 faecal samples collected from six farms located in four cities (Wugang, Chenzhou, Huaihua and Jishou) of Hunan Province, 52 (10.8%) were positive for G. duodenalis infection by using a nested PCR approach targeting the beta giardin (bg) gene. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in prevalence were found among different age groups and geographical localities, and among different farms in Wugang city. Sequence analysis revealed existence of the zoonotic assemblage B and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in these animals. Multilocus genotyping analysis also indicated broad genetic diversity of assemblage B isolates in these bamboo rats. Conclusions This is the first report of the infection and genetic variations of G. duodenalis in bamboo rats. These findings will provide basic data for implementing effective strategies to control giardiasis in bamboo rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3111-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Xian Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Wang SS, Li JQ, Li YH, Wang XW, Fan XC, Liu X, Li ZJ, Song JK, Zhang LX, Zhao GH. Novel genotypes and multilocus genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pigs in northwestern China: A public health concern. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2018; 63:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yu ZQ, Song JK, Zhang HJ, Liu TL, Fan XC, Zhao GH. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THEILERIA SPP. IN GOATS FROM SHAANXI PROVINCE, NORTHWESTERN CHINA. J Parasitol 2018; 104:726-731. [PMID: 30106337 DOI: 10.1645/18-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Theileriosis is an important tick-borne pathogen of livestock globally, causing severe reduction of livestock productivity and economic loss. To systematically investigate the prevalence and species of Theileria spp. in goats from Shaanxi province, a total of 509 blood samples were collected from dairy, cashmere and meat goats from 7 counties, and examined by using the microscopic examination and the nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene. Of them, 268 (52.7%, 268/509) were positive for Theileria infection. The prevalence was closely associated with ages and production categories. The highest infection was found in meat goats of 7 to 12-months, and lowest was detected in cashmere goats of 3 to 6 months. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of 2 Theileria species, with Theileria luwenshuni as the prevalent species and the first report of Theileria sp. OT3 in goats in China. These findings indicated the wide distribution of Theileria spp. in goats of Shaanxi province, and would shed new light on the distribution of this parasite in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- * College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University
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Chen D, Wang SS, Zou Y, Li Z, Xie SC, Shi LQ, Zou FC, Zhu XQ, Yang JF, Zhao GH. Prevalence and multi-locus genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in black-boned sheep and goats in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 65:385-391. [PMID: 30145389 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in sheep and goats worldwide, threatening husbandry development and public health. However, there were few reports on native breeds of sheep and goats in China. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) of E. bieneusi in two important local breeds, black-boned sheep and goats, in Yunnan province, southwestern China. Of 661 faecal specimens collected from five counties of Yunnan province, 70 (10.59%) were positive for E. bieneusi infection. Infections were found in both black-boned sheep and goats, but no significant difference in prevalence was detected between two species. E. bieneusi was found in all age groups of black-boned sheep, while no infections were observed in 0-2-month black-boned goats. 12 genotypes were identified based on sequence variations of the internal transcribed spacer, including 10 known genotypes (BEB6, COS I, SX1, CM21, CHG3, CHG1, CHS5, EbpC, COS II, PigEb4) and two novel genotypes (named as YNS1 and YSM1), with BEB6 as the prevalent genotype both in black-boned sheep and goats. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three genotypes of them, namely EbpC, CHS5 and PigEb4, were clustered into the zoonotic group 1, while the remaining nine genotypes were belonged to the host-adapted group 2. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 12 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs), with 11 MLGs detected in black-boned sheep and only one found in one black-boned goat. These findings expanded the reservoirs of E. bieneusi and provided fundamental data for controlling E. bieneusi infection in native small ruminants as well as other hosts in this province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lian-Qin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Liu TL, Fan XC, Li YH, Yuan YJ, Yin YL, Wang XT, Zhang LX, Zhao GH. Expression Profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in HCT-8 Cells Infected With Cryptosporidium parvum IId Subtype. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1409. [PMID: 30013528 PMCID: PMC6036261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the most important enteric protozoan pathogens, responsible for severe diarrhea in immunocompromised human and livestock. However, few effective agents were available for controlling this parasite. Accumulating evidences suggest that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) played key roles in many diseases through regulating the gene expression. Here, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum IId subtype using microarray assay. A total of 821 lncRNAs and 1,349 mRNAs were differentially expressed in infected cells at 24 h post infection (pi). Of them, all five types of lncRNAs were identified, including 22 sense, 280 antisense, 312 intergenic, 44 divergent, 33 intronic lncRNAs, and 130 lncRNAs that were not found the relationship with mRNAs’ location. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reactions of 10 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs randomly selected were successfully confirmed the microarray results. The co-expression and target prediction analysis indicated that 27 mRNAs were cis-regulated by 29 lncRNAs and 109 were trans-regulated by 114 lncRNAs. These predicted targets were enriched in several pathways involved in the interaction between host and C. parvum, e.g., hedgehog signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and tight junction, suggesting that these differentially expressed lncRNAs would play important regulating roles during the infection of C. parvum IId subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Li Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian-Chen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yun-Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xue-Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhao GH, Li WF, Li C, Shi PP, Jiang S, He YW. [Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure on patients with refractory otitis media with effusion]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:949-950. [PMID: 29921081 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Ren GJ, Fan XC, Liu TL, Wang SS, Zhao GH. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs during Cryptosporidium baileyi infection. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:356. [PMID: 29747577 PMCID: PMC5946474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium baileyi is the most common Cryptosporidium species in birds. However, effective prevention measures and treatment for C. baileyi infection were still not available. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating occurrence and progression of many diseases and are identified as effective biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases. In the present study, the expression profiles of host mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs associated with C. baileyi infection were investigated for the first time. Results The tracheal tissues of experimental (C. baileyi infection) and control chickens were collected for deep RNA sequencing, and 545,479,934 clean reads were obtained. Of them, 1376 novel lncRNAs were identified, including 1161 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and 215 anti-sense lncRNAs. A total of 124 lncRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed between the experimental and control groups. Additionally, 14,698 mRNAs and 9085 circRNAs were identified, and significantly different expressions were observed for 1317 mRNAs and 104 circRNAs between two groups. Bioinformatic analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for their targets and source genes suggested that these dysregulated genes may be involved in the interaction between the host and C. baileyi. Conclusions The present study revealed the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs during C. baileyi infection for the first time, and sheds lights on the roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs underlying the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4754-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jing Ren
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Fan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ting-Li Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Zhao GH, Hu XF, Liu TL, Hu RS, Yu ZQ, Yang WB, Wu YL, Yu SK, Song JK. Correction to: Molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp. in captive wild animals in Qinling Mountains. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:343-344. [PMID: 29204717 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There were errors in Fig. 1 of the originally published article. Correct fig. 1 is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - T L Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - R S Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - W B Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Wu
- Xian Qinling Wildlife Park, Xian, Shaanxi Province, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - S K Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - J K Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Song JK, Yin YL, Yuan YJ, Tang H, Ren GJ, Zhang HJ, Li ZX, Zhang YM, Zhao GH. First genotyping of Blastocystis sp. in dairy, meat, and cashmere goats in northwestern China. Acta Trop 2017; 176:277-282. [PMID: 28864325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is one of the most common parasites inhabiting in small intestines of human and animals. Although its pathogenicity has been remaining controversial, the possibility of zoonotic transmission between human and animals was recognized. The goat was one of the most important economic animals supplying people with cashmere, meat, and dairy products. However, few studies were to investigate Blastocystis infection in goats. A total of 789 faecal specimens of goats (including 362 of dairy, 193 of meat and 234 of cashmere goats) were collected from multiple regions of Shaanxi province in northwestern China to investigate the colonization frequency and subtypes of Blastocystis, and to assess the zoonotic potential of these goats. The respective colonization frequencies of Blastocystis in dairy, meat and cashmere goats were 54.1% (196/362), 40.4% (78/193) and 78.6% (184/234). The prevalence of Blastocystis in pre-weaned (0-2-month) goats was significantly lower than that in goats of other age groups, and the highest colonization was observed in goats of 7-11-month age group. Sequence analysis of Blastocystis positive samples indicated the presence of seven subtypes in these goats, including six known subtypes (STs1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 14) and one possible novel subtype (isolate Sd26), with the subtype 10 as the predominant one. Additionally, zoonotic subtypes were found in dairy (ST1, ST3 and ST5) and cashmere (ST4 and ST5) goats, but not detected in meat goats. These results showed that Blastocystis is highly prevalent, widely distributed and genetically diverse in goats in Shaanxi province, northwestern China, and zoonotic potential of dairy and cashmere goats to transmit Blastocystis.
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Yang WB, Zhou DH, Zou Y, Chen K, Liu Q, Wang JL, Zhu XQ, Zhao GH. Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP54 induces protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice. Acta Trop 2017; 176:427-432. [PMID: 28935555 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which infects most of the warm-blooded animals, causing serious public health problems and enormous economic losses worldwide. The rhoptry effector protein 54 (ROP54) has been indicated as a virulence factor that promotes Toxoplasma infection by modulating GBP2 loading onto parasite-containing vacuoles, which can modulate some aspects of the host immune response. In order to evaluate the immuno-protective value of ROP54, we constructed a eukaryotic recombinant plasmid expressing T. gondii ROP54 and intramuscularly immunized Kunming mice with this recombinant plasmid against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. All mice immunized with pVAX-ROP54 elicited a high level of specific antibody responses, a significant increase of lymphocyte proliferation, and a significant level of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12p70), in addition to an increased production of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). These results demonstrated that pVAX-ROP54 induced significant cellular and humoral (Th1/Th2) immune responses, which extended the survival time (13.0±1.15days for pVAX-ROP54 vs 6.7±0.48days for pVAX I, 6.8±0.42days for PBS and 6.5±0.53 for blank control) and significantly reduced cyst burden (35.9% for pVAX-ROP54, 1% for pVAX I and 2% for PBS, compared with blank control) of immunized mice. These results indicate that the recombinant ROP54 plasmid can provide partial protection and might be a potential vaccine candidate against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Song JK, Hu RS, Fan XC, Wang SS, Zhang HJ, Zhao GH. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis from pigs in Shaanxi province of China. Acta Trop 2017; 173:130-135. [PMID: 28619673 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an enteric eukaryote of mystery for its ubiquitous presence in animals and humans worldwide and a broad diversity genetically. The animals have been suggested to be an important reservoir to transmit Blastocystis to humans because of high colonization frequency and the presence of zoonotic subtypes. In the present study, the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in pigs in Shaanxi province of China were determined using the molecular technique based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene fragment. Of 560 pig faecal samples collected from different geographical origins, 419 (74.8%) were positive for Blastocystis colonization. The prevalence was significant affected by the age and the geographical origin. Four subtypes, including three zoonotic (ST1, ST3 and ST5) and one animal specific (ST10) subtypes, were identified. To our knowledge, this study provides the first run-through information for colonization of Blastocystis in pigs in China.
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Peng T, Wang LM, Wu JX, Liu M, Li XY, Rong WQ, Wu F, Zhao WQ, Zhao GH. [Effects of perioperative transfusion of blood components on the long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:1079-1083. [PMID: 28395433 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.14.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of perioperative transfusion of blood components on the long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: A total of 339 patients with primary HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy between January 2003 and December 2010 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into non-transfusion, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion only and concentrated red cells (CRC) transfusion groups. Disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was performed to identify clinicopathological factors related with survival. Results: Among the 339 patients, the 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 63.1%, 35.4% and 22.4%, respectively, and the median disease-free survival was 22 months. While the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 90.5%, 69.5% and 56.4%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 72 months. The median disease-free survivals of the non-transfusion (n=181), FFP transfusion only (n=48) and CRC transfusion (n=110) groups were 28, 22 and 12 months, respectively, while the median overall survivals of the three groups were 99, 63 and 40 months respectively. Significant differences in the disease-free and overall survivals were observed among the three groups (both P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that FFP transfusion only (HR=1.658, P=0.026), CRC transfusion (HR=1.470, P=0.030), serum alpha-fetoprotein>400 μg/L (HR=1.686, P=0.002), albumin<35 g/L (HR=1.782, P=0.047), tumor capsule (HR=0.597, P=0.012), tumor necrosis (HR=1.820, P=0.001) and the TNM stage Ⅲ or above (HR=2.537, P=0.000) were independent predictors of overall survival after hepatectomy. Conclusion: Both perioperative FFP only transfusion and CRC transfusion may have detrimental effect on the long-term prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Song GY, Qin SY, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ, Zhou DH, Song MX. Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from white yaks in China. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:397-400. [PMID: 27078665 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals, including companion animals, livestock and wildlife. To date, the information about the prevalence and molecular characterization of G. duodenalis infection in white yaks was limited. In the present study, a total of 208 white yak fecal samples were collected from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County (TTAC) between September 2013 and March 2014. Of the 208 white yak fecal samples, four samples (1.92%, all collected in March 2014) tested G. duodenalis-positive by PCR amplification of triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage E. The present study revealed the presence and genotype of G. duodenalis in white yaks for the first time, and extended the host range of G. duodenalis. These results provided useful information for further genotyping or subtyping studies of G. duodenalis in white yaks.
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Zhang XX, Tan QD, Zhao GH, Ma JG, Zheng WB, Ni XT, Zhao Q, Zhou DH, Zhu XQ. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis in Dairy Cattle, Northwest China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 63:498-504. [PMID: 26729604 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that can infect a range of animals, including dairy cattle. As information regarding the prevalence and genotyping of G. intestinalis infection in dairy cattle in northwestern China is limited, 2,945 feces samples from 1,224 dairy cattle in Gansu Province and from 1,614 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR) were examined between December 2012 and March 2014. The overall prevalence of G. intestinalis was 3.63% (107/2,945), with 2.63% and 4.38% in Gansu and NXHAR, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed region, age and season to be significant risk factors for G. intestinalis infection. Assemblage analysis identified 106 assemblage E and one assemblage A at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) locus in this study. Intravariations were also detected at tpi, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta giardin (bg) loci within assemblage E, showing seven, three, and five new subtypes, respectively. Moreover, 13 new multilocus genotypes (E20-E32) were observed in assemblage E. Effective strategies and measures should be taken to prevent and control giardiasis in Gansu and NXHAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China
| | - Qi-Dong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230000, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Jian-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730030, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230000, China
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Zhao GH, Fang YQ, Ryan U, Guo YX, Wu F, Du SZ, Chen DK, Lin Q. Dynamics of Th17 associating cytokines in Cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:879-87. [PMID: 26593737 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of animals and humans and can cause acute watery diarrhea and weight loss. However, host immune responses to Cryptosporidium infections are not fully understood. IL-17 (also called IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of Th17 cells that plays a role in the host response to Cryptosporidium baileyi infection. The present study examined levels of IL-17-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) and Th17 associating cytokines in C. parvum-infected immune-suppressed BALB/c mice using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Levels of IL-17 protein were determined by ELISA. The results showed that levels of IL-17 mRNA and Th17 cell-related cytokines, namely TGF-β, IL-6, STAT-3, RORγt, IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-23, were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and spleen. IL-17 protein levels in GALT were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) after infection. The present study suggested that Th17 cells play a role in host-C. parvum interaction. These results could inform future studies of the immune response against C. parvum infection in transient immunosuppressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Q Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - U Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Y X Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - F Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - S Z Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - D K Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Q Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Liu Q, Li MW, Wang ZD, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. Human sparganosis, a neglected food borne zoonosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2015; 15:1226-1235. [PMID: 26364132 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a food borne zoonosis caused by the plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra. Human infections are acquired by ingesting the raw or undercooked meat of snakes or frogs, drinking untreated water, or using raw flesh in traditional poultices. More than 1600 cases of sparganosis have been documented worldwide, mostly in east and southeast Asia. Sporadic cases have been reported in South America, Europe, and Africa, and several cases have been described in travellers returning from endemic regions. Epidemiological data suggest that the increased effect of sparganosis on human health is because of greater consumption of raw meat of freshwater frogs and snakes. This Review provides information about the Spirometra parasites and their lifecycles, summarises clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human sparganosis, and describes geographical distribution and infection characteristics of Spirometra parasites in host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguangyan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Du SZ, Zhao GH, Shao JF, Fang YQ, Tian GR, Zhang LX, Wang RJ, Wang HY, Qi M, Yu SK. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Non-Human Primates in Qinling Mountains. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53:395-402. [PMID: 26323837 PMCID: PMC4566506 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are confirmed as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In this study, 197 fresh fecal samples from 8 NHP species in Qinling Mountains, northwestern China, were collected and examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 35 (17.8%) samples were positive for tested parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp. (3.0%), G. intestinalis (2.0%), and E. bieneusi (12.7%). Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 6 fecal samples of Macaca mulatta, and were identified as C. parvum (n=1) and C. andersoni (n=5). Subtyping analysis showed Cryptosporidium spp. belonged to the C. andersoni MLST subtype (A4, A4, A4, and A1) and C. parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) subtype IId A15G2R1. G. intestinalis assemblage E was detected in 3 M. mulatta and 1 Saimiri sciureus. Intra-variations were observed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 3, 1, and 2 new subtypes found in respective locus. E. bieneusi was found in Cercopithecus neglectus (25.0%), Papio hamadrayas (16.7%), M. mulatta (16.3%), S. sciureus (10%), and Rhinopithecus roxellana (9.5%), with 5 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes: 2 known genotypes (D and BEB6) and 3 novel genotypes (MH, XH, and BSH). These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in NHPs in Qinling Mountains. This is the first report of C. andersoni in NHPs. The present study provided basic information for control of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in human and animals in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Zhi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Feng Shao
- Xi'an Qinling Wildlife Park, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Qin Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge-Ru Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long-Xian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Rong-Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - San-Ke Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Li J, Zhao GH, Lin R, Blair D, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ. Rapid detection and identification of four major Schistosoma species by high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4225-32. [PMID: 26253799 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes belonging to several species of the genus Schistosoma, is a serious and widespread parasitic disease. Accurate and rapid differentiation of these etiological agents of animal and human schistosomiasis to species level can be difficult. We report a real-time PCR assay coupled with a high-resolution melt (HRM) assay targeting a portion of the nuclear 18S rDNA to detect, identify, and distinguish between four major blood fluke species (Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma mekongi). Using this system, the Schistosoma spp. was accurately identified and could also be distinguished from all other trematode species with which they were compared. As little as 10(-5) ng genomic DNA from a Schistosoma sp. could be detected. This process is inexpensive, easy, and can be completed within 3 h. Examination of 21 representative Schistosoma samples from 15 geographical localities in seven endemic countries validated the value of the HRM detection assay and proved its reliability. The melting curves were characterized by peaks of 83.65 °C for S. japonicum and S. mekongi, 85.65 °C for S. mansoni, and 85.85 °C for S. haematobium. The present study developed a real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis assay for detection and differential identification of S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi. This method is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive. It has important implications for epidemiological studies of Schistosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - RuiQing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - David Blair
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China.
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