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Gtari M, Benson DR, Nouioui I, Dawson JO, Ghodhbane-Gtari F. 19th International Meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:1-4. [PMID: 30460470 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been 40 years since the first meeting dedicated to Frankia and actinorhizal plants, which was held at Petersham, Massachusetts (reported in Torrey and Tjepkema, 1979). Since then biennial meetings have been organised and held in different venues around the globe (Table 1). The most recent meeting, the "19th International Meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants", organised in Hammamet, Tunisia from 17th to 19th of March, 2018, gathered scientists from Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, China, Egypt, France, India, Portugal, Senegal, Sweden, UK, USA and Tunisia. The event was a stimulating opportunity for active researchers to share many advances since the previous meeting held in Montpellier, France (Franche et al. 2016) and to discuss new perspectives in this research field.
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Cissoko M, Hocher V, Gherbi H, Gully D, Carré-Mlouka A, Sane S, Pignoly S, Champion A, Ngom M, Pujic P, Fournier P, Gtari M, Swanson E, Pesce C, Tisa LS, Sy MO, Svistoonoff S. Actinorhizal Signaling Molecules: Frankia Root Hair Deforming Factor Shares Properties With NIN Inducing Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1494. [PMID: 30405656 PMCID: PMC6201211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Actinorhizal plants are able to establish a symbiotic relationship with Frankia bacteria leading to the formation of root nodules. The symbiotic interaction starts with the exchange of symbiotic signals in the soil between the plant and the bacteria. This molecular dialog involves signaling molecules that are responsible for the specific recognition of the plant host and its endosymbiont. Here we studied two factors potentially involved in signaling between Frankia casuarinae and its actinorhizal host Casuarina glauca: (1) the Root Hair Deforming Factor (CgRHDF) detected using a test based on the characteristic deformation of C. glauca root hairs inoculated with F. casuarinae and (2) a NIN activating factor (CgNINA) which is able to activate the expression of CgNIN, a symbiotic gene expressed during preinfection stages of root hair development. We showed that CgRHDF and CgNINA corresponded to small thermoresistant molecules. Both factors were also hydrophilic and resistant to a chitinase digestion indicating structural differences from rhizobial Nod factors (NFs) or mycorrhizal Myc-LCOs. We also investigated the presence of CgNINA and CgRHDF in 16 Frankia strains representative of Frankia diversity. High levels of root hair deformation (RHD) and activation of ProCgNIN were detected for Casuarina-infective strains from clade Ic and closely related strains from clade Ia unable to nodulate C. glauca. Lower levels were present for distantly related strains belonging to clade III. No CgRHDF or CgNINA could be detected for Frankia coriariae (Clade II) or for uninfective strains from clade IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimouna Cissoko
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Hocher
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alyssa Carré-Mlouka
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- UMR 7245, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Seyni Sane
- Laboratoire de Botanique et de Biodiversité Végétale, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sarah Pignoly
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antony Champion
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- UMR Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariama Ngom
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Petar Pujic
- Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascale Fournier
- Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maher Gtari
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Erik Swanson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Céline Pesce
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Louis S. Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Mame Oureye Sy
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Hocher V, Ngom M, Carré-Mlouka A, Tisseyre P, Gherbi H, Svistoonoff S. Signalling in actinorhizal root nodule symbioses. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:23-29. [PMID: 30306463 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants able to establish a nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with the actinobacterium Frankia are called actinorhizal. These interactions lead to the formation of new root organs, called actinorhizal nodules, where the bacteria are hosted intracellularly and fix atmospheric nitrogen thus providing the plant with an almost unlimited source of nitrogen for its nutrition. Like other symbiotic interactions, actinorhizal nodulation involves elaborate signalling between both partners of the symbiosis, leading to specific recognition between the plant and its compatible microbial partner, its accommodation inside plant cells and the development of functional root nodules. Actinorhizal nodulation shares many features with rhizobial nodulation but our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in actinorhizal nodulation remains very scarce. However recent technical achievements for several actinorhizal species are allowing major discoveries in this field. In this review, we provide an outline on signalling molecules involved at different stages of actinorhizal nodule formation and the corresponding signalling pathways and gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hocher
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier CDX 5, France
| | - Mariama Ngom
- LCM, IRD/ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.,LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alyssa Carré-Mlouka
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier CDX 5, France.,MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tisseyre
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier CDX 5, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier CDX 5, France
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD, Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier CDX 5, France. .,LCM, IRD/ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal. .,LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
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Froussart E, Bonneau J, Franche C, Bogusz D. Recent advances in actinorhizal symbiosis signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:613-622. [PMID: 26873697 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus availability are frequent limiting factors in plant growth and development. Certain bacteria and fungi form root endosymbiotic relationships with plants enabling them to exploit atmospheric nitrogen and soil phosphorus. The relationships between bacteria and plants include nitrogen-fixing Gram-negative proteobacteria called rhizobia that are able to interact with most leguminous plants (Fabaceae) but also with the non-legume Parasponia (Cannabaceae), and actinobacteria Frankia, which are able to interact with about 260 species collectively called actinorhizal plants. Fungi involved in the relationship with plants include Glomeromycota that form an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association intracellularly within the roots of more than 80% of land plants. Increasing numbers of reports suggest that the rhizobial association with legumes has recycled part of the ancestral program used by most plants to interact with AM fungi. This review focuses on the most recent progress made in plant genetic control of root nodulation that occurs in non-legume actinorhizal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Froussart
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jocelyne Bonneau
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Chabaud M, Gherbi H, Pirolles E, Vaissayre V, Fournier J, Moukouanga D, Franche C, Bogusz D, Tisa LS, Barker DG, Svistoonoff S. Chitinase-resistant hydrophilic symbiotic factors secreted by Frankia activate both Ca(2+) spiking and NIN gene expression in the actinorhizal plant Casuarina glauca. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:86-93. [PMID: 26484850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although it is now well-established that decorated lipo-chitooligosaccharide Nod factors are the key rhizobial signals which initiate infection/nodulation in host legume species, the identity of the equivalent microbial signaling molecules in the Frankia/actinorhizal association remains elusive. With the objective of identifying Frankia symbiotic factors we present a novel approach based on both molecular and cellular pre-infection reporters expressed in the model actinorhizal species Casuarina glauca. By introducing the nuclear-localized cameleon Nup-YC2.1 into Casuarina glauca we show that cell-free culture supernatants of the compatible Frankia CcI3 strain are able to elicit sustained high frequency Ca(2+) spiking in host root hairs. Furthermore, an excellent correlation exists between the triggering of nuclear Ca(2+) spiking and the transcriptional activation of the ProCgNIN:GFP reporter as a function of the Frankia strain tested. These two pre-infection symbiotic responses have been used in combination to show that the signal molecules present in the Frankia CcI3 supernatant are hydrophilic, of low molecular weight and resistant to chitinase degradation. In conclusion, the biologically active symbiotic signals secreted by Frankia appear to be chemically distinct from the currently known chitin-based rhizobial/arbuscular mycorrhizal signaling molecules. Convenient bioassays in Casuarina glauca are now available for their full characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (UMR 441), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 2594), F-31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Elodie Pirolles
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Joëlle Fournier
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (UMR 441), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 2594), F-31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Daniel Moukouanga
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824-2617, USA
| | - David G Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (UMR 441), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 2594), F-31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (IRD/Université Montpellier), F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais des Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
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Geetha SJ, Joshi SJ. Engineering rhizobial bioinoculants: a strategy to improve iron nutrition. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:315890. [PMID: 24319357 PMCID: PMC3836376 DOI: 10.1155/2013/315890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under field conditions, inoculated rhizobial strains are at a survival disadvantage as compared to indigenous strains. In order to out-compete native rhizobia it is not only important to develop strong nodulation efficiency but also increase their competence in the soil and rhizosphere. Competitive survival of the inoculated strain may be improved by employing strain selection and by genetic engineering of superior nitrogen fixing strains. Iron sufficiency is an important factor determining the survival and nodulation by rhizobia in soil. Siderophores, a class of ferric specific ligands that are involved in receptor specific iron transport into bacteria, constitute an important part of iron acquisition systems in rhizobia and have been shown to play a role in symbiosis as well as in saprophytic survival. Soils predominantly have iron bound to hydroxamate siderophores, a pool that is largely unavailable to catecholate-utilizing rhizobia. Outer membrane receptors for uptake of ferric hydroxamates include FhuA and FegA which are specific for ferrichrome siderophore. Increase in nodule occupancy and enhanced plant growth of the fegA and fhuA expressing engineered bioinoculants rhizobial strain have been reported. Engineering rhizobia for developing effective bioinoculants with improved ability to utilize heterologous siderophores could provide them with better iron acquisition ability and consequently, rhizospheric stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Geetha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Sanket J. Joshi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
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Santi C, Bogusz D, Franche C. Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:743-67. [PMID: 23478942 PMCID: PMC3631332 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plant growth. The ability of a plant to supply all or part of its requirements from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) thanks to interactions with endosymbiotic, associative and endophytic symbionts, confers a great competitive advantage over non-nitrogen-fixing plants. SCOPE Because BNF in legumes is well documented, this review focuses on BNF in non-legume plants. Despite the phylogenic and ecological diversity among diazotrophic bacteria and their hosts, tightly regulated communication is always necessary between the microorganisms and the host plant to achieve a successful interaction. Ongoing research efforts to improve knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these original relationships and some common strategies leading to a successful relationship between the nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and their hosts are presented. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanism of BNF outside the legume-rhizobium symbiosis could have important agronomic implications and enable the use of N-fertilizers to be reduced or even avoided. Indeed, in the short term, improved understanding could lead to more sustainable exploitation of the biodiversity of nitrogen-fixing organisms and, in the longer term, to the transfer of endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixation capacities to major non-legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Santi
- Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, Avenue Paul Alduy, 66100 Perpignan, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD/UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD/UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Perrine-Walker F, Doumas P, Lucas M, Vaissayre V, Beauchemin NJ, Band LR, Chopard J, Crabos A, Conejero G, Péret B, King JR, Verdeil JL, Hocher V, Franche C, Bennett MJ, Tisa LS, Laplaze L. Auxin carriers localization drives auxin accumulation in plant cells infected by Frankia in Casuarina glauca actinorhizal nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1372-80. [PMID: 20826704 PMCID: PMC2971613 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.163394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Actinorhizal symbioses are mutualistic interactions between plants and the soil bacteria Frankia that lead to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Little is known about the signaling mechanisms controlling the different steps of the establishment of the symbiosis. The plant hormone auxin has been suggested to play a role. Here we report that auxin accumulates within Frankia-infected cells in actinorhizal nodules of Casuarina glauca. Using a combination of computational modeling and experimental approaches, we establish that this localized auxin accumulation is driven by the cell-specific expression of auxin transporters and by Frankia auxin biosynthesis in planta. Our results indicate that the plant actively restricts auxin accumulation to Frankia-infected cells during the symbiotic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIAPC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France (F.P.-W., P.D., V.V., A.C., B.P., V.H., C.F., L.L.); Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.L., L.R.B., B.P., J.R.K., M.J.B.); Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824–2617 (N.J.B., L.S.T.); UMR DAP, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (J.C.); and Plate-forme d’Histocytologie et d’Imagerie cellulaire Végétale, Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (G.C., J.-L.V.)
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Alloisio N, Queiroux C, Fournier P, Pujic P, Normand P, Vallenet D, Médigue C, Yamaura M, Kakoi K, Kucho KI. The Frankia alni symbiotic transcriptome. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:593-607. [PMID: 20367468 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-5-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The actinobacteria Frankia spp. are able to induce the formation of nodules on the roots of a large spectrum of actinorhizal plants, where they convert dinitrogen to ammonia in exchange for plant photosynthates. In the present study, transcriptional analyses were performed on nitrogen-replete free-living Frankia alni cells and on Alnus glutinosa nodule bacteria, using whole-genome microarrays. Distribution of nodule-induced genes on the genome was found to be mostly over regions with high synteny between three Frankia spp. genomes, while nodule-repressed genes, which were mostly hypothetical and not conserved, were spread around the genome. Genes known to be related to nitrogen fixation were highly induced, nif (nitrogenase), hup2 (hydrogenase uptake), suf (sulfur-iron cluster), and shc (hopanoids synthesis). The expression of genes involved in ammonium assimilation and transport was strongly modified, suggesting that bacteria ammonium assimilation was limited. Genes involved in particular in transcriptional regulation, signaling processes, protein drug export, protein secretion, lipopolysaccharide, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis that may play a role in symbiosis were also identified. We also showed that this Frankia symbiotic transcriptome was highly similar among phylogenetically distant plant families Betulaceae and Myricaceae. Finally, comparison with rhizobia transcriptome suggested that F. alni is metabolically more active in symbiosis than rhizobia.
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Svistoonoff S, Gherbi H, Nambiar-Veetil M, Zhong C, Michalak Z, Laplaze L, Vaissayre V, Auguy F, Hocher V, Doumas P, Bonneau J, Bogusz D, Franche C. Contribution of transgenic Casuarinaceae to our knowledge of the actinorhizal symbioses. Symbiosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-009-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gherbi H, Markmann K, Svistoonoff S, Estevan J, Autran D, Giczey G, Auguy F, Péret B, Laplaze L, Franche C, Parniske M, Bogusz D. SymRK defines a common genetic basis for plant root endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, rhizobia, and Frankiabacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:4928-32. [PMID: 18316735 PMCID: PMC2290763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710618105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root endosymbioses vitally contribute to plant nutrition and fitness worldwide. Nitrogen-fixing root nodulation, confined to four plant orders, encompasses two distinct types of associations, the interaction of legumes (Fabales) with rhizobia bacteria and actinorhizal symbioses, where the bacterial symbionts are actinomycetes of the genus Frankia. Although several genetic components of the host-symbiont interaction have been identified in legumes, the genetic basis of actinorhiza formation is unknown. Here, we show that the receptor-like kinase gene SymRK, which is required for nodulation in legumes, is also necessary for actinorhiza formation in the tree Casuarina glauca. This indicates that both types of nodulation symbiosis share genetic components. Like several other legume genes involved in the interaction with rhizobia, SymRK is also required for the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. We show that SymRK is involved in AM formation in C. glauca as well and can restore both nodulation and AM symbioses in a Lotus japonicus symrk mutant. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SymRK functions as a vital component of the genetic basis for both plant-fungal and plant-bacterial endosymbioses and is conserved between legumes and actinorhiza-forming Fagales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Gherbi
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Department of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maria-Ward-Strasse 1a, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Joan Estevan
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Daphné Autran
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Gabor Giczey
- Department of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maria-Ward-Strasse 1a, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Florence Auguy
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Benjamin Péret
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Claudine Franche
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
| | - Martin Parniske
- Department of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maria-Ward-Strasse 1a, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Didier Bogusz
- *Equipe Rhizogenèse, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées (DIAPC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and
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12
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Svistoonoff S, Laplaze L, Auguy F, Runions J, Duponnois R, Haseloff J, Franche C, Bogusz D. cg12 expression is specifically linked to infection of root hairs and cortical cells during Casuarina glauca and Allocasuarina verticillata actinorhizal nodule development. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2003; 16:600-607. [PMID: 12848425 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.7.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
cg12 is an early actinorhizal nodulin gene from Casuarina glauca encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease. Using transgenic Casuarinaceae plants carrying cg12-gus and cg12-gfp fusions, we have studied the expression pattern conferred by the cg12 promoter region after inoculation with Frankia. cg12 was found to be expressed in root hairs and in root and nodule cortical cells containing Frankia infection threads. cg12 expression was also monitored after inoculation with ineffective Frankia strains, during mycorrhizae formation, and after diverse hormonal treatments. None of these treatments was able to induce its expression, therefore suggesting that cg12 expression is linked to plant cell infection by Frankia strains. Possible roles of cg12 in actinorhizal symbiosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Svistoonoff
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR 1098, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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13
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Kim HB, An CS. Differential expression patterns of an acidic chitinase and a basic chitinase in the root nodule of Elaeagnus umbellata. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2002; 15:209-215. [PMID: 11952123 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two cDNA clones encoding chitinase were isolated from a root nodule cDNA library of Elaeagnus umbellata by the hybridization-competition method. The two clones, EuNOD-CHT1 and EuNOD-CHT2, encode for 335 and 317 amino acid residues with the molecular mass of mature proteins being 33.3 and 31.1 kDa, respectively. The two chitinases showed similar protein structures consisting of four domains: hydrophobic signal peptide domain, cysteine-rich chitin-binding domain, hinge domain, and catalytic domain. The EuNOD-CHT1 gene showed similar expression levels in root nodules and leaves, with no detection of transcripts in the roots. The EuNOD-CHT2 gene was expressed at similarly high levels in the roots and root nodules, but at a very low level in the leaves. In situ hybridization showed that EuNOD-CHT1 transcripts were strongly detected in the meristem zone, but weakly detected in the outer cortex layer of the root nodule and in the uninfected cells of the fixation zone. On the other hand, EuNOD-CHT2 transcripts were strongly detected in the infected cells of the fixation zone and central vascular system, but weakly detected in the senescence zone. Our results suggest that the two chitinases may play different biological roles in the root nodule. EuNOD-CHT2 may be involved in a defense response against internal symbionts, external pathogens, or both, while EuNOD-CHT1 may be involved in normal plant development as well as in a defensive role against external pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Bang Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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14
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Hammad Y, Maréchal J, Cournoyer B, Normand P, Domenach AM. Modification of the protein expression pattern induced in the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia sp. strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic host Alnus glutinosa and cloning of the sodF gene. Can J Microbiol 2001; 47:541-7. [PMID: 11467730 DOI: 10.1139/w01-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect proteins induced in Frankia sp. strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic host, Alnus glutinosa. The 5 most prominent proteins were purified from 2-D gels and characterized by N-terminal sequencing. All of these proteins had a high percentage of similarity with known stress proteins. One protein match was the Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), another was a tellurite resistance protein (Ter), the third was a bacterioferritin comigratory protein (Bcp); and two matches, differing only by their isoelectric point, were the same small heat shock protein (Hsp), a major immune reactive protein found in mycobacteria. This suggests that the symbiotic microorganism Frankia, first responds with a normal stress response to toxic root products of its symbiotic host plant. To confirm its identity, the gene corresponding to the Fe-SOD protein, sodF was isolated from a genomic library by a PCR-approach and sequenced. It is the first stress response gene characterized in Frankia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hammad
- Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Cérémonie H, Debellé F, Fernandez MP. Structural and functional comparison of Frankia root hair deforming factor and rhizobia Nod factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/b99-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The infectious processes of the Frankia-Alnus and Rhizobium-legume symbioses present strong similarities, suggesting the existence of analogies between Frankia root hair deforming factor and rhizobia Nod factors. Biochemical and functional analogies were tested using ACoN24d Frankia strain. The putative chitin-like nature of the Frankia deforming factor was explored by (i) gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography, after radioactive labeling of the culture for detection of chitin oligomers, and (ii) following the root hair deforming activity of the supernatant after discriminating treatments (temperature, chitinase, butanol extraction). In parallel, the functional analogy was questioned by testing the mitotic activity of the Frankia supernatant onAlnus glutinosa (L.) roots. The implication in the symbiotic process of the Frankia factor was indirectly explored by testing the effect of a nodulation inhibitor (combined nitrogen) on root hair deformation. The studies of the combined nitrogen effect on root hair deformation indicate that the deformation induced in vitro by the Frankia factor is linked to the symbiotic process. Moreover, the various approaches used suggest that rhizobia Nod factors and Frankia root hair deforming factor are two structurally divergent symbiotic factors. However, functionnal differences between Frankia root hair factor and the Nod factors have to be confirmed.Key words: Frankia, root hair deforming factor, Nod factor, actinorhizal plants.
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