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Laurans M, Munoz F, Charles-Dominique T, Heuret P, Fortunel C, Isnard S, Sabatier SA, Caraglio Y, Violle C. Why incorporate plant architecture into trait-based ecology? Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:524-536. [PMID: 38212187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has improved our understanding of the functioning of organisms, communities, ecosystems, and beyond. However, its predictive ability remains limited as long as phenotypic integration and temporal dynamics are not considered. We highlight how the morphogenetic processes that shape the 3D development of a plant during its lifetime affect its performance. We show that the diversity of architectural traits allows us to go beyond organ-level traits in capturing the temporal and spatial dimensions of ecological niches and informing community assembly processes. Overall, we argue that consideration of multilevel topological, geometrical, and ontogenetic features provides a dynamic view of the whole-plant phenotype and a relevant framework for investigating phenotypic integration, plant adaptation and performance, and community structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Laurans
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Munoz
- LiPhy, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie-Annabel Sabatier
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Caraglio
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Montesinos-Navarro A. Nitrogen transfer between plant species with different temporal N-demand. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1676-1686. [PMID: 37340907 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenological segregation among species in a community is assumed to promote coexistence, as using resources at different times reduces competition. However, other unexplored nonalternative mechanisms can also result in a similar outcome. This study first tests whether plants can redistribute nitrogen (N) among them based on their nutritional temporal demand (i.e. phenology). Field 15 N labelling experiments showed that 15 N is transferred between neighbour plants, mainly from low N-demand (late flowering species, not reproducing yet) to high N-demand plants (early flowering species, currently flowering-fruiting). This can reduce species' dependence on pulses of water availability, and avoid soil N loss through leaching, having relevant implications in the structuring of plant communities and ecosystem functioning. Considering that species phenological segregation is a pervasive pattern in plant communities, this can be a so far unnoticed, but widely spread, ecological process that can predict N fluxes among species in natural communities, and therefore impact our current understanding of community ecology and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montesinos-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada, Spain
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3
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Wang H, Yang J, Xie T, Ma L, Niu F, He C, Shan L. Variation and association of leaf traits for desert plants in the arid area, northwest China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9946. [PMID: 36969926 PMCID: PMC10037433 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing variation and association of plant traits is critical for understanding plant adaptation strategies and community assembly mechanisms. However, little is known about the leaf trait variations of desert plants and their association with different life forms. We used principal component analysis, Pearson's correlation, phylogenetic independent contrasts, linear mixed model, and variance decomposition to explore the variation and association of 10 leaf traits in 22 desert plants in the arid area of northwest China. We found that: (1) the contribution of interspecific variation to the overall variation was greater than the intraspecific variation of all the studied leaf traits; (2) intraspecific and interspecific variation in leaf traits differed among life forms. Some leaf traits, such as tissue density of shrubs and specific leaf area of herbs, exhibited greater intraspecific than interspecific variation, while other traits exhibited the inverse; (3) desert shrubs corroborate the leaf economic spectrum hypothesis and had a fast acquisitive resource strategy, but herbs may not conform to this hypothesis; (4) there were trade‐offs between leaf traits, which were mediated by phylogeny. Overall, our results suggest that interspecific variation of leaf traits significantly contributes to the total leaf traits variation in desert plants. However, intraspecific variation should not be overlooked. There are contrasts in the resource acquisition strategies between plants life forms. Our results support understanding of the mechanisms underlying community assembly in arid regions and suggest that future works may focus on the variation and association of plant traits at both intra‐ and interspecific scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Wang
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Pingliang institute of soil and water conservation SciencePingliangChina
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Li Ma
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Furong Niu
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Cai He
- Wuwei Academy of ForestryWuweiChina
| | - Lishan Shan
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
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Li J, Jin MK, Neilson R, Hu SL, Tang YJ, Zhang Z, Huang FY, Zhang J, Yang XR. Plant identity shapes phyllosphere microbiome structure and abundance of genes involved in nutrient cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161245. [PMID: 36587661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere is a fluctuant micro-environment habitat that harbors diverse microbial communities that have the potential to influence plant growth through their effect on host fitness. However, we know little about the driving factors of phyllosphere microbial functional traits, e.g., genes related to nutrient cycling and microbial community structure under anthropic disturbance. Here, we characterized phyllosphere microbial communities and the abundance of genes related to nutrient cycling from diverse plant species between urban and natural habitats. We measured leaf functional traits to investigate the potential drivers of the phyllosphere microbial profile. Results indicated that phyllosphere microbial communities differed significantly between urban and natural habitats, and that this variation was dependent upon plant species. Host plant species had a greater influence on the abundance of genes involved in nutrient cycling in the phyllosphere than habitat. In addition, phyllosphere microbial diversity and functional gene abundance were significantly correlated. Furthermore, host leaf functional traits (e.g., specific leaf area and nutrient content) were potential driving factors of both phyllosphere microbial community structure and the abundance of genes involved in nutrient cycling. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the phyllosphere microbiome and its biotic and abiotic controlling factors, which improves our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and their ecosystem functions under anthropic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, Peoples R, China
| | - Ming-Kang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Shi-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yi-Jia Tang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia; Sydney Institute of Agriculture, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, Peoples R, China.
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5
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Liu L, Guo Y, Liu X, Yao Y, Qi W. Coordinated variation in root and leaf functional traits of Hippophae rhamnoides treated at different stump heights in feldspathic sandstone areas of Inner Mongolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104632. [PMID: 36866378 PMCID: PMC9971914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to clarify the effects of stumping on root and leaf traits as well as the tradeoffs and synergies of decaying Hippophae rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas, and to select the optimal stump height that contributed to the recovery and growth of H. rhamnoides. variations and coordination between leaf traits and fine root traits of H. rhamnoides were studied at different stump heights (0, 10, 15, 20 cm, and no stumping) in feldspathic sandstone areas. All functional traits of the leaves and roots, except the leaf C content (LC) and the fine root C content (FRC), were significantly different among different stump heights. The total variation coefficient was the largest in the specific leaf area (SLA), which is therefore the most sensitive trait. Compared to non-stumping, SLA, leaf N content (LN), specific root length (SRL) and fine root N content (FRN) all improved significantly at stump height of 15 cm, but leaf tissue density (LTD), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio (LC : LN), fine root tissue density (FRTD), fine root dry matter content (FRDMC) and fine root carbon to nitrogen ratio (FRC : FRN) all decreased significantly. The leaf traits of H. rhamnoides at different stump heights follow the leaf economic spectrum, and the fine roots show a similar trait syndrome to the leaves. SLA and LN are positively correlated with SRL and FRN and negatively with FRTD and FRC : FRN. LDMC and LC : LN are positively correlated with FRTD and FRC : FRN, and negatively correlated SRL and RN. The stumped H. rhamnoides changes to the 'rapid investment-return type' resource trade-offs strategy, and the growth rate is maximized at the stump height of 15 cm. Our findings are critical to the prevention and control of vegetation recovery and soil erosion in feldspathic sandstone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuefeng Guo
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunfeng Yao
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Development Center, Hohhot, China
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6
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Wheeler GR, Brassil CE, Knops JMH. Functional traits' annual variation exceeds nitrogen-driven variation in grassland plant species. Ecology 2023; 104:e3886. [PMID: 36208107 PMCID: PMC10078297 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective application of functional trait approaches to ecological questions requires understanding the patterns of trait variation within species as well as between them. However, few studies address the potential for intraspecific variation to occur on a temporal basis and, thus, for trait-based findings to be contingent upon sampling year. To quantify annual variation in the functional traits of grassland plant species, we measured specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, plant height, and chlorophyll content in 12 shortgrass prairie plant species. We repeated these measurements across 4 years, both in long-term nitrogen addition plots and in corresponding control plots. Three of the four traits showed significant year-to-year variation in a linear mixed model analysis, generally following a pattern of more acquisitive leaf economics spectrum traits in higher rainfall years. Furthermore, two of the measured traits responded interactively to nitrogen addition and sampling year, although only one, leaf dry matter content, showed the expected pattern of stronger nitrogen responses in high rainfall years. For leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area, trait responses to sampling year were larger than responses to the nitrogen addition treatment. These findings illustrate that species' functional traits can respond strongly to environmental changes across years, and thus that trait variation in a species or community is likely to extend beyond the values and patterns observed in any single year.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chad E Brassil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Jiang P, Han X, Liu Z, Fan S, Zhang X. C:N:P stoichiometric variations of herbs and its relationships with soil properties and species relative abundance along the Xiaokai River irrigation in the Yellow River Delta, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130477. [PMID: 36794217 PMCID: PMC9923178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil salinity is known to affect plant performance and nutrient stoichiometry by altering their ecophysiology, and thus playing a crucial role in determining plant distribution patterns and nutrient cycles in salinized ecosystems. However, there was little consensus on the effects of salinity stress on plant C, N, and P stoichiometries. Moreover, determining the relationships between species relative species abundance and plant C, N, and P stoichiometries can help to understand the different adaptive strategies between the common and rare species as well as the community assembly process. METHODS We determined the plant C, N, P stoichiometries at the community and species levels and the relative abundance of species as well as the corresponding soil properties from five sampling sites along a soil salinity gradient in the Yellow River Delta, China. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that the C concentration of belowground part increased with soil salinity. Meanwhile, plant community N concentration and C:N ratio tended to decrease with soil salinity, whereas the P concentration, C:P, and N:P ratios exhibited the opposite trends. This indicated that N use efficiency increased, while P use efficiency decreased with soil salinity. Moreover, the decreased N:P ratio indicated that N limitation was gradually aggravated along the soil salinity gradient. The soil C:P ratio and P concentration were the major factors of plant C, N, and P stoichiometries in the early growth stage, whereas the soil pH and P concentration were the major factors of plant C, N, and P stoichiometries in the late growth stage. Compared with that of the rare species, the C:N:P stoichiometry of the most common species was medium. Moreover, the intraspecific variations in the aboveground part N:P ratio and belowground part C concentration showed a significant correlation with species' relative abundance, which indicated that higher intraspecific trait variation might facilitate greater fitness and survival opportunities in environments with high heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the plant community C:N:P stoichiometry and its determining soil properties varied with plant tissues as well as sampling seasons, and emphasized the importance of intraspecific variation in determining the functional response of plant communities to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- Binzhou Yellow River Irrigation Management Service Center, Binzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
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Shao J, Li G, Li Y, Zhou X. Intraspecific responses of plant productivity and crop yield to experimental warming: A global synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156685. [PMID: 35714738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining plant productivity and crop yield in a warming world requires local adaptation to new environment and selection of high-yield cultivars, which both depend on the genetically-based intraspecific differences in the plant response to warming (referred to as "genetically-based intraspecific responses"). However, how the genetically-based intraspecific responses mediate warming effects on plants remains unclear, especially at the global scale. Here, a dataset was compiled from 118 common-garden experiments to examine the responses of plant growth, productivity, and crop yield to warming among different ecotypes/genotypes/cultivars. Our results showed that the genetically-based intraspecific responses on average accounted for 34.7 % of the total variance in the warming responses across all the studies but with large variability (2 %-77 %). The intraspecific responses of plant productivity and crop yield were larger than those of organ level traits and biomass allocation, suggesting that plant growth was mainly achieved by iterating the relatively invariant terminal modules (e.g., leaves). The warming-induced changes in intraspecific variability of aboveground biomass were larger in woody plants, non-leguminous herbs, perennial herbs and noncrops than those in nonwoody, leguminous, annual and crop ones, respectively, indicating the potential important role of plant longevity in mediating the change in intraspecific variability. Moreover, larger intraspecific responses reduced the consistence of relative performance between control and warming treatments for both plant productivity and crop yield. These results highlight the unneglectable role of genetically-based intraspecific differences in plant responses to warming, indicating the difficulty of maintaining high crop yield and tree productivity under global climate change, and posing a grave threat to the food security and wood supply in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Gaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Shrubs Should Be Valued: The Functional Traits of Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia in a Qinling Huangguan Forest Dynamics Plot, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the functional traits of trees, while undergrowth shrubs have not received the same attention. We collected 97 shrubs from 6 habitats in 3 diameter classes to measure the functional traits of Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia, which is one of the dominant species in the shrub layer of the Qinling Huangguan plot. We found that leaf thickness (LT) decreased with an increase in diameter classes. Other functional traits did not change significantly with the diameter classes. Most of the functional traits changed with the habitats, which may be influenced by topography and soil. On the whole, Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia showed low variation, which indicates that its growth was stable and good. The relationships between functional traits within species was in accordance with the leaf economic spectrum. The positive correlation between soil total nitrogen (STN) and C:N verified the “nutrition luxury hypothesis”.
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Menezes J, Garcia S, Grandis A, Nascimento H, Domingues TF, Guedes AV, Aleixo I, Camargo P, Campos J, Damasceno A, Dias-Silva R, Fleischer K, Kruijt B, Cordeiro AL, Martins NP, Meir P, Norby RJ, Pereira I, Portela B, Rammig A, Ribeiro AG, Lapola DM, Quesada CA. Changes in leaf functional traits with leaf age: when do leaves decrease their photosynthetic capacity in Amazonian trees? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:922-938. [PMID: 33907798 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most leaf functional trait studies in the Amazon basin do not consider ontogenetic variations (leaf age), which may influence ecosystem productivity throughout the year. When leaf age is taken into account, it is generally considered discontinuous, and leaves are classified into age categories based on qualitative observations. Here, we quantified age-dependent changes in leaf functional traits such as the maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (Vcmax), stomatal control (Cgs%), leaf dry mass per area and leaf macronutrient concentrations for nine naturally growing Amazon tropical trees with variable phenological strategies. Leaf ages were assessed by monthly censuses of branch-level leaf demography; we also performed leaf trait measurements accounting for leaf chronological age based on days elapsed since the first inclusion in the leaf demography, not predetermined age classes. At the tree community scale, a nonlinear relationship between Vcmax and leaf age existed: young, developing leaves showed the lowest mean photosynthetic capacity, increasing to a maximum at 45 days and then decreasing gradually with age in both continuous and categorical age group analyses. Maturation times among species and phenological habits differed substantially, from 8 ± 30 to 238 ± 30 days, and the rate of decline of Vcmax varied from -0.003 to -0.065 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 day-1. Stomatal control increased significantly in young leaves but remained constant after peaking. Mass-based phosphorus and potassium concentrations displayed negative relationships with leaf age, whereas nitrogen did not vary temporally. Differences in life strategies, leaf nutrient concentrations and phenological types, not the leaf age effect alone, may thus be important factors for understanding observed photosynthesis seasonality in Amazonian forests. Furthermore, assigning leaf age categories in diverse tree communities may not be the recommended method for studying carbon uptake seasonality in the Amazon, since the relationship between Vcmax and leaf age could not be confirmed for all trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Menezes
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology of Plants (Lafieco), Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nascimento
- Biodiversity Coordination (CBIO), National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Department of Biology-FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Alacimar V Guedes
- Forestry and Environmental Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCIFA), Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Izabela Aleixo
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Plínio Camargo
- Isotopic Ecology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Campos
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Damasceno
- Ecology Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Renann Dias-Silva
- Zoology Graduate Program, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA PO Box 47 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Amanda L Cordeiro
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1476
| | - Nathielly P Martins
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Iokanam Pereira
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Portela
- Laboratory of Biogeochemical Sciences, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Ana Gracy Ribeiro
- Tropical Forest Sciences Graduate Program, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - David M Lapola
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture (CEPAGRI), University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- Environmental Dynamics Coordination (CDAM), National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375, Brazil
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Cavender-Bares J, Schneider FD, Santos MJ, Armstrong A, Carnaval A, Dahlin KM, Fatoyinbo L, Hurtt GC, Schimel D, Townsend PA, Ustin SL, Wang Z, Wilson AM. Integrating remote sensing with ecology and evolution to advance biodiversity conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:506-519. [PMID: 35332280 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing has transformed the monitoring of life on Earth by revealing spatial and temporal dimensions of biological diversity through structural, compositional and functional measurements of ecosystems. Yet, many aspects of Earth's biodiversity are not directly quantified by reflected or emitted photons. Inclusive integration of remote sensing with field-based ecology and evolution is needed to fully understand and preserve Earth's biodiversity. In this Perspective, we argue that multiple data types are necessary for almost all draft targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. We examine five key topics in biodiversity science that can be advanced by integrating remote sensing with in situ data collection from field sampling, experiments and laboratory studies to benefit conservation. Lowering the barriers for bringing these approaches together will require global-scale collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Armstrong
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Ana Carnaval
- Department of Biology, Ph.D. Program in Biology, City University of New York and The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lola Fatoyinbo
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - George C Hurtt
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L Ustin
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources and the John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adam M Wilson
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Silveira EMO, Radeloff VC, Martínez Pastur GJ, Martinuzzi S, Politi N, Lizarraga L, Rivera LO, Gavier-Pizarro GI, Yin H, Rosas YM, Calamari NC, Navarro MF, Sica Y, Olah AM, Bono J, Pidgeon AM. Forest phenoclusters for Argentina based on vegetation phenology and climate. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2526. [PMID: 34994033 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest biodiversity conservation and species distribution modeling greatly benefit from broad-scale forest maps depicting tree species or forest types rather than just presence and absence of forest, or coarse classifications. Ideally, such maps would stem from satellite image classification based on abundant field data for both model training and accuracy assessments, but such field data do not exist in many parts of the globe. However, different forest types and tree species differ in their vegetation phenology, offering an opportunity to map and characterize forests based on the seasonal dynamic of vegetation indices and auxiliary data. Our goal was to map and characterize forests based on both land surface phenology and climate patterns, defined here as forest phenoclusters. We applied our methodology in Argentina (2.8 million km2 ), which has a wide variety of forests, from rainforests to cold-temperate forests. We calculated phenology measures after fitting a harmonic curve of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series derived from 30-m Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data from 2018-2019. For climate, we calculated land surface temperature (LST) from Band 10 of the thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) of Landsat 8, and precipitation from Worldclim (BIO12). We performed stratified X-means cluster classifications followed by hierarchical clustering. The resulting clusters separated well into 54 forest phenoclusters with unique combinations of vegetation phenology and climate characteristics. The EVI 90th percentile was more important than our climate and other phenology measures in providing separability among different forest phenoclusters. Our results highlight the potential of combining remotely sensed phenology measures and climate data to improve broad-scale forest mapping for different management and conservation goals, capturing functional rather than structural or compositional characteristics between and within tree species. Our approach results in classifications that go beyond simple forest-nonforest in areas where the lack of detailed ecological field data precludes tree species-level classifications, yet conservation needs are high. Our map of forest phenoclusters is a valuable tool for the assessment of natural resources, and the management of the environment at scales relevant for conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M O Silveira
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Volker C Radeloff
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guillermo J Martínez Pastur
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Martinuzzi
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalia Politi
- Instituto de Ecoregiones Andinas (INECOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Leonidas Lizarraga
- Dirección Regional Noroeste, Administración de Parques Nacionales, Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis O Rivera
- Instituto de Ecoregiones Andinas (INECOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - He Yin
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Yamina M Rosas
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Noelia C Calamari
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Navarro
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Sica
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashley M Olah
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julieta Bono
- Dirección Nacional de Bosques, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anna M Pidgeon
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Huaylla CA, Nacif ME, Coulin C, Kuperman MN, Garibaldi LA. Decoding information in multilayer ecological networks: The keystone species case. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Jiang X, Jia X, Gao S, Jiang Y, Wei N, Han C, Zha T, Liu P, Tian Y, Qin S. Plant Nutrient Contents Rather Than Physical Traits Are Coordinated Between Leaves and Roots in a Desert Shrubland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734775. [PMID: 34764966 PMCID: PMC8576145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although leaf economics spectrum (LES) has been extensively tested with regional and global datasets, the correlation among functional traits of desert plants remains largely unclear. Moreover, examinations on whether and how leaf and root traits are coordinated have yielded mixed results. We investigated variations in leaf and fine-root traits across 48 species in a desert community of northern China to test the hypotheses that (1) the leaf-trait syndrome of plant species in desert shrublands follows the predictions of the global LES, and is paralleled by a similar root-trait syndrome, (2) functional traits related to nutrient contents and resource uptake are tightly coordinated between leaves and fine roots in desert ecosystems where plant growth is limited primarily by dry and nutrient-poor conditions, and (3) traits as well as their relationships vary among functional groups. Our results partially supported the LES theory. Specific leaf area (SLA) was correlated with leaf tissue density, phosphorus content, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, but not with leaf nitrogen content. Specific root length (SRL) was not correlated with other fine-root traits, and fine-root traits were largely independent of each other. Therefore, fine-root traits did not mirror the leaf-trait syndrome. Fine-root nitrogen and phosphorus contents, nitrogen-to-phosphorous ratio, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio all increased with analogous leaf traits, whereas SRL was not correlated with SLA. After phylogenetic effects were considered, nutrient contents and their ratios still displayed stronger coordination between leaves and fine roots than did SRL and SLA. The overall pattern of trait variations and relationships suggested differentiation among functional groups. Our results suggest that despite the absence of a root-trait syndrome, fine-root functions in the studied desert community were probably coordinated with leaf functions with respect to nutrient allocation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Gao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Wei
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Han
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshan Zha
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shugao Qin
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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15
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Salazar Zarzosa P, Diaz Herraiz A, Olmo M, Ruiz-Benito P, Barrón V, Bastias CC, de la Riva EG, Villar R. Linking functional traits with tree growth and forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests along a climatic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147468. [PMID: 33975100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits are highly plastic to changes in climatic factors and nutrient availability. However, the intraspecific plant response to abiotic factors and the overall effect on tree growth and productivity is still under debate. We studied forest productivity for 30 Quercus ilex subsp. ballota forests in Spain along a broad climatic gradient of aridity (mean annual precipitation from 321 to 858 mm). We used linear mixed models to quantify the effect of climatic and edaphic (soil nutrients, topography, and texture) factors on tree functional traits (leaf and branch traits), and subsequently, the effect of such functional traits and abiotic factors on the relative growth rate (RGR) of adult trees. We used piecewise structural equation models (SEMs) to determine the causal effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on forest productivity. Our results showed that tree functional traits were mainly explained by climatic and edaphic factors. Functional traits and tree biomass explained forest biomass and RGR, respectively, which ultimately explained forest productivity. In conclusion, intraspecific variability of functional traits has a significant effect on plant biomass and growth, which ultimately may explain forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salazar Zarzosa
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Diaz Herraiz
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Campus Humaitá, 69800.000, Brazil
| | - Manuel Olmo
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Life Science Department, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Vidal Barrón
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina C Bastias
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Seasonal variation in leaf traits of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) in relation to its adaptation with soil environment. Trop Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Westerband AC, Funk JL, Barton KE. Intraspecific trait variation in plants: a renewed focus on its role in ecological processes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:397-410. [PMID: 33507251 PMCID: PMC7988520 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and abiotic interactions. While evolutionary and population biology have extensively investigated ITV, only in the last 10 years has interest in ITV surged within community and comparative ecology. SCOPE Despite this recent interest, still lacking are thorough descriptions of ITV's extent, the spatial and temporal structure of ITV, and stronger connections between ITV and community and ecosystem properties. Our primary aim in this review is to synthesize the recent literature and ask: (1) How extensive is intraspecific variation in traits across scales, and what underlying mechanisms drive this variation? (2) How does this variation impact higher-order ecological processes (e.g. population dynamics, community assembly, invasion, ecosystem productivity)? (3) What are the consequences of ignoring ITV and how can these be mitigated? and (4) What are the most pressing research questions, and how can current practices be modified to suit our research needs? Our secondary aim is to target diverse and underrepresented traits and plant organs, including anatomy, wood, roots, hydraulics, reproduction and secondary chemistry. In addressing these aims, we showcase papers from the Special Issue. CONCLUSIONS Plant ITV plays a key role in determining individual and population performance, species interactions, community structure and assembly, and ecosystem properties. Its extent varies widely across species, traits and environments, and it remains difficult to develop a predictive model for ITV that is broadly applicable. Systematically characterizing the sources (e.g. ontogeny, population differences) of ITV will be a vital step forward towards identifying generalities and the underlying mechanisms that shape ITV. While the use of species means to link traits to higher-order processes may be appropriate in many cases, such approaches can obscure potentially meaningful variation. We urge the reporting of individual replicates and population means in online data repositories, a greater consideration of the mechanisms that enhance and constrain ITV's extent, and studies that span sub-disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Westerband
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K E Barton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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18
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Fajardo A, Mora JP, Robert E. Corner's rules pass the test of time: little effect of phenology on leaf-shoot and other scaling relationships. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1129-1139. [PMID: 32598449 PMCID: PMC7684704 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Twig cross-sectional area and the surface area of leaves borne on it are expected to be isometrically correlated across species (Corner's rules). However, how stable this relationship remains in time is not known. We studied inter- and intraspecific twig leaf area-cross-sectional area (la-cs) and other scaling relationships, including the leaf-shoot mass (lm-sm) scaling relationship, across a complete growing season. We also examined the influence of plant height, deciduousness and the inclusion of reproductive buds on the stability of the scaling relationships, and we discuss results from a functional perspective. METHODS We collected weekly current-year twigs of six Patagonian woody species that differed in growth form and foliar habit. We also used prominent inflorescences from Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) to assess whether reproductive buds alter the la-cs isometric relationship. Mixed effects models were fitted to obtain parameter estimates and to test whether interaction terms were non-significant (invariant) for the scaling relationships. KEY RESULTS The slope of the la-cs scaling relationship remained invariant across the growing season. Two species showed contrasting and disproportional (allometric) la-cs scaling relationships (slope ≠ 1). Scaling relationships varied significantly across growth form and foliar habit. The lm-sm scaling relationship differed between reproductive- and vegetative-origin twigs in E. coccineum, which was explained by a significantly lower leaf mass per area in the former. CONCLUSIONS Although phenology during the growing season appeared not to change leaf-shoot scaling relationships across species, we show that scaling relationships departed from the general trend of isometry as a result of within-species variation, growth form, foliar habit and the type of twig. The identification of these functional factors helps to understand variation in the general trend of Corner's rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Juan P Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Etienne Robert
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
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19
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Petit Bon M, Böhner H, Kaino S, Moe T, Bråthen KA. One leaf for all: Chemical traits of single leaves measured at the leaf surface using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Petit Bon
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- Department of Arctic Biology University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) Longyearbyen Norway
| | - Hanna Böhner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Sissel Kaino
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Torunn Moe
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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20
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Petit Bon M, Gunnarsdotter Inga K, Jónsdóttir IS, Utsi TA, Soininen EM, Bråthen KA. Interactions between winter and summer herbivory affect spatial and temporal plant nutrient dynamics in tundra grassland communities. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Petit Bon
- Dept of Arctic Biology, Univ. Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) PO Box 156 NO‐9171 Longyearbyen Norway
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, Arctic Univ. of Norway (UiT) Tromsø Norway
| | - Katarina Gunnarsdotter Inga
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, Arctic Univ. of Norway (UiT) Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Tove Aagnes Utsi
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, Arctic Univ. of Norway (UiT) Tromsø Norway
| | - Eeva Marjatta Soininen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, Arctic Univ. of Norway (UiT) Tromsø Norway
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, Arctic Univ. of Norway (UiT) Tromsø Norway
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21
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Garcia L, Damour G, Kazakou E, Fried G, Bopp M, Metay A. Seasonal and interannual variations in functional traits of sown and spontaneous species in vineyard inter‐rows. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Garcia
- SYSTEM University of Montpellier CIHEAM‐IAMM CIRAD INRA Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Gaëlle Damour
- CIRADUPR GECO Montpellier F‐34398 France
- GECOUniversity of Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France
| | - Elena Kazakou
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE INRAInstitut Agro IRD Montpellier France
| | - Guillaume Fried
- Anses Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux Unité Entomologie et Plantes Invasives Montferrier‐sur‐Lez France
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Bopp
- SYSTEM University of Montpellier CIHEAM‐IAMM CIRAD INRA Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Aurélie Metay
- SYSTEM University of Montpellier CIHEAM‐IAMM CIRAD INRA Institut Agro Montpellier France
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22
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Monitoring Plant Functional Diversity Using the Reflectance and Echo from Space. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional diversity (FD) is an important component of biodiversity. Evidence shows that FD strongly determines ecosystem functioning and stability and also regulates various ecosystem services that underpin human well-being. Given the importance of FD, it is critical to monitor its variations in an explicit manner across space and time, a highly demanding task that cannot be resolved solely by field data. Today, high hopes are placed on satellite-based observations to complement field plot data. The promise is that multiscale monitoring of plant FD, ecosystem functioning, and their services is now possible at global scales in near real-time. However, non-trivial scale challenges remain to be overcome before plant ecology can capitalize on the latest advances in Earth Observation (EO). Here, we articulate the existing scale challenges in linking field and satellite data and further elaborated in detail how to address these challenges via the latest innovations in optical and radar sensor technologies and image analysis algorithms. Addressing these challenges not only requires novel remote sensing theories and algorithms but also urges more effective communication between remote sensing scientists and field ecologists to foster mutual understanding of the existing challenges. Only through a collaborative approach can we achieve the global plant functional diversity monitoring goal.
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23
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Albert LP, Restrepo-Coupe N, Smith MN, Wu J, Chavana-Bryant C, Prohaska N, Taylor TC, Martins GA, Ciais P, Mao J, Arain MA, Li W, Shi X, Ricciuto DM, Huxman TE, McMahon SM, Saleska SR. Cryptic phenology in plants: Case studies, implications, and recommendations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3591-3608. [PMID: 31343099 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology-the timing of cyclic or recurrent biological events in plants-offers insight into the ecology, evolution, and seasonality of plant-mediated ecosystem processes. Traditionally studied phenologies are readily apparent, such as flowering events, germination timing, and season-initiating budbreak. However, a broad range of phenologies that are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants, and to global biogeochemical cycles and climate change predictions, have been neglected because they are "cryptic"-that is, hidden from view (e.g., root production) or difficult to distinguish and interpret based on common measurements at typical scales of examination (e.g., leaf turnover in evergreen forests). We illustrate how capturing cryptic phenology can advance scientific understanding with two case studies: wood phenology in a deciduous forest of the northeastern USA and leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests of Amazonia. Drawing on these case studies and other literature, we argue that conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is needed for understanding and accurate prediction at many scales from organisms to ecosystems. We recommend avenues of empirical and modeling research to accelerate discovery of cryptic phenological patterns, to understand their causes and consequences, and to represent these processes in terrestrial biosphere models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Albert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jin Wu
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, NY, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cecilia Chavana-Bryant
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Neill Prohaska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tyeen C Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Giordane A Martins
- Ciências de Florestas Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences & McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Travis E Huxman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center for Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Institution's Forest Global Earth Observatory & Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Fuenzalida TI, Hernández-Moreno Á, Piper FI. Secondary leaves of an outbreak-adapted tree species are both more resource acquisitive and more herbivore resistant than primary leaves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1499-1511. [PMID: 31384949 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and frequency of insect outbreaks are predicted to increase in forests, but how trees cope with severe outbreak defoliation is not yet fully understood. Winter deciduous trees often produce a secondary leaf flush in response to defoliation (i.e., compensatory leaf regrowth or refoliation), which promotes fast replenishment of carbon (C) storage and eventually tree survival. However, secondary leaf flushes may imply a high susceptibility to insect herbivory, especially in the event of an ongoing outbreak. We hypothesized that in winter deciduous species adapted to outbreak-driven defoliations, secondary leaves are both more C acquisitive and more herbivore resistant than primary leaves. During an outbreak by Ormiscodes amphimone F. affecting Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser forests, we (i) quantified the defoliation and subsequent refoliation by analyzing the seasonal dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and (ii) compared the physiological traits and herbivore resistance of primary and secondary leaves. Comparisons of the NDVI of the primary and second leaf flushes relative to the NDVI of the defoliated forest indicated 31% refoliation, which is close to the leaf regrowth reported by a previous study in juvenile N. pumilio trees subjected to experimental defoliation. Primary leaves had higher leaf mass per area, size, carbon:nitrogen ratio and soluble sugar concentration than secondary leaves, along with lower nitrogen and starch concentrations, and similar total polyphenol and phosphorus concentrations. In both a choice and a non-choice bioassay, the leaf consumption rates by O. amphimone larvae were significantly higher (>50%) for primary than for secondary leaves, indicating higher herbivore resistance in the latter. Our study shows that secondary leaf flushes in outbreak-adapted tree species can be both C acquisitive and herbivore resistant, and suggests that these two features mediate the positive effects of the compensatory leaf regrowth on the tree C balance and forest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás I Fuenzalida
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Austral National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Ángela Hernández-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Camino Baguales, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Frida I Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Camino Baguales, Coyhaique, Chile
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25
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Umaña MN, Swenson NG. Intraspecific variation in traits and tree growth along an elevational gradient in a subtropical forest. Oecologia 2019; 191:153-164. [PMID: 31367911 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A conspicuous feature of natural communities is that individuals within species exhibit broad variation in their phenotype. While the phenotypic differences among species are prominent and have received considerable attention in earlier studies, recent findings suggest that about 40% of the trait variation is found within species. How this intraspecific variation is related to underlying environmental gradients and ultimately linked to performance is an outstanding question in ecology and evolution. Here, we study six broadly distributed species across an elevational gradient in a subtropical forest. We focused on five functional traits reflecting plant functional differentiation in stem transport, leaf architecture, and leaf resource acquisition. We found that leaf thickness, leaf toughness, and specific leaf area generally varied with elevation, while wood density and leaf area exhibited constrained variation. Results on multivariate trait axes also showed mixed evidence with the PC1 values (positively related to leaf toughness and negatively related to specific leaf area) shifting with elevation, while PC2 values (negatively related to wood density) did not change with elevation. We also found that, despite the important variation in some traits along the gradient, growth performance did not follow this same trend. This suggests that strong directional changes in traits along the gradient may result in similar levels of demographic performance. The results, therefore, challenge the simple expectation that a trait will correlate with a demographic rate. More nuanced approaches and additional mechanisms must be considered to advance understanding of the performance-trait relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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26
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Kassout J, Terral JF, Hodgson JG, Ater M. Trait-based plant ecology a flawed tool in climate studies? The leaf traits of wild olive that pattern with climate are not those routinely measured. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219908. [PMID: 31314789 PMCID: PMC6636763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-related studies have generally focussed upon physiologically well-defined 'mechanistic' traits rather than 'functional' ones relating indirectly to resource capture. Nevertheless, field responses to climate are likely to typically include both 'mechanistic' specialization to climatic extremes and 'functional' strategies that optimize resource acquisition during less climatically-severe periods. Here, this hypothesis was tested. Seventeen traits (six 'functional', six 'mechanistic' and five 'intermediate') were measured from 19 populations of oleaster (wild olive) along a climatic gradient in Morocco. Principal components analysis of the trait dataset identified size and the 'worldwide leaf economics spectrum' as PCA axes 1 and 2. However, contrary to our prediction, these axes, and commonly-measured 'functional' traits, were little correlated with climate. Instead, PCA 3, perhaps relating to water-use and succulence, together stomatal density, specific leaf water content and leaf shape, patterned with altitude, aridity, rainfall and temperature. We concluded that, at least for slow-growing species, such as oleaster, 'mechanistic' traits are key to identifying mechanisms of climatic restriction. Meaningful collaboration between 'mechanistic' and 'functional' disciplines provides the best way of improving our understanding of the global impacts of climate change on species distribution and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Kassout
- Equipe bio-Agrodiversité, Laboratoire Botanique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
- Associated International Laboratory EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS- CNRST, Montpellier, France
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-Ecologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Frederic Terral
- Associated International Laboratory EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS- CNRST, Montpellier, France
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-Ecologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John G. Hodgson
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Ater
- Equipe bio-Agrodiversité, Laboratoire Botanique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
- Associated International Laboratory EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS- CNRST, Montpellier, France
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27
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Murguzur FJA, Bison M, Smis A, Böhner H, Struyf E, Meire P, Bråthen KA. Towards a global arctic-alpine model for Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) predictions of foliar nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon content. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8259. [PMID: 31164672 PMCID: PMC6547662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a high-throughput technology with potential to infer nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) content of all vascular plants based on empirical calibrations with chemical analysis, but is currently limited to the sample populations upon which it is based. Here we provide a first step towards a global arctic-alpine NIRS model of foliar N, P and C content. We found calibration models to perform well (R2validation = 0.94 and RMSEP = 0.20% for N, R2validation = 0.76 and RMSEP = 0.05% for P and R2validation = 0.82 and RMSEP = 1.16% for C), integrating 97 species, nine functional groups, three levels of phenology, a range of habitats and two biogeographic regions (the Alps and Fennoscandia). Furthermore, when applied for predicting foliar N, P and C content in samples from a new biogeographic region (Svalbard), our arctic-alpine NIRS model performed well. The precision of the resulting NIRS method meet international requirements, indicating one NIRS measurement scan of a foliar sample will predict its N, P and C content with precision according to standard method performance. The modelling scripts for the prediction of foliar N, P and C content using NIRS along with the calibration models upon which the predictions are based are provided. The modelling scripts can be applied in other labs, and can easily be expanded with data from new biogeographic regions of interest, building the global arctic-alpine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjorie Bison
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université de Savoie, 73376, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Adriaan Smis
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanna Böhner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Struyf
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Meire
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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28
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Park M, Cho S, Park J, Lee H, Song W, Park IK, Kim HS. Size-dependent variation in leaf functional traits and nitrogen allocation trade-offs in Robinia pseudoacacia and Cornus controversa. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:755-766. [PMID: 30924868 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree species vary in how they invest resources to different functions throughout their life histories, and investigating the detailed patterns of ontogenetic changes in key functional traits will aid in predicting forest dynamics and ecosystem processes. In this context, we investigated size-dependent changes in key leaf functional traits and nitrogen (N) allocation trade-offs in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., an N-fixing pioneer species) and giant dogwood (Cornus controversa Hemsl., a mid-successional species), which have different life-history strategies, especially in their light use. We found that the leaf mass per area and leaf carbon concentrations increased linearly with tree size (diameter at breast height, DBH), whereas leaf N concentrations decreased nonlinearly, with U- and hump-shaped patterns in black locust and giant dogwood, respectively. We also discovered large differences in N allocation between the two species. The fraction of leaf N invested in cell walls was much higher in black locust than in giant dogwood, while the opposite was true for the light harvesting N fraction. Furthermore, these fractions were related to DBH to varying degrees: the cell wall N fraction increased with DBH for both species, whereas the light harvesting N fraction of giant dogwood decreased nonlinearly and that of black locust remained constant. Instead, black locust reduced the fraction of leaf N invested in other N pools, resulting in a smaller fraction compared to that of giant dogwood. On the other hand, both species had similar fraction of leaf N invested in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase across tree size. This study indicated that both species increased leaf mechanical toughness through characteristic changes in N allocation trade-offs over the lifetimes of the trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsik Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhan Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Response mechanisms of leaf nutrients of endangered plant (Acer catalpifolium) to environmental factors varied at different growth stages. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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30
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Hayes FJ, Buchanan SW, Coleman B, Gordon AM, Reich PB, Thevathasan NV, Wright IJ, Martin AR. Intraspecific variation in soy across the leaf economics spectrum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:107-120. [PMID: 30107396 PMCID: PMC6344108 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is an important dimension of plant ecological diversity, particularly in agroecosystems, where phenotypic ITV (within crop genotypes) is an important correlate of key agroecosystem processes including yield. There are few studies that have evaluated whether plants of the same genotype vary along well-defined axes of biological variation, such as the leaf economics spectrum (LES). There is even less information disentangling environmental and ontogenetic determinants of crop ITV along an intraspecific LES, and whether or not a plant's position along an intraspecific LES is correlated with reproductive output. Methods We sought to capture the extent of phenotypic ITV within a single cultivar of soy (Glycine max) - the world's most commonly cultivated legume - using a data set of nine leaf traits measured on 402 leaves, sampled from 134 plants in both agroforestry and monoculture management systems, across three distinct whole-plant ontogenetic stages (while holding leaf age and canopy position stable). Key Results Leaf traits covaried strongly along an intraspecific LES, in patterns that were largely statistically indistinguishable from the 'universal LES' observed across non-domesticated plants. Whole-plant ontogenetic stage explained the highest proportion of phenotypic ITV in LES traits, with plants progressively expressing more 'resource-conservative' LES syndromes throughout development. Within ontogenetic stages, leaf traits differed systematically across management systems, with plants growing in monoculture expressing more 'resource-conservative' trait syndromes: trends largely owing to an approximately ≥50% increases in leaf mass per area (LMA) in high-light monoculture vs. shaded agroforestry systems. Certain traits, particularly LMA, leaf area and maximum photosynthetic rates, correlated closely with plant-level reproductive output. Conclusions Phenotypic ITV in soy is governed by constraints in trait trade-offs along an intraspecific LES, which in turn (1) underpins plant responses to managed environmental gradients, and (2) reflects shifts in plant functional biology and resource allocation that occur throughout whole-plant ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon J Hayes
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada
| | - Serra W Buchanan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada
| | - Brent Coleman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M Gordon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam R Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada
- Centre for Critical Development Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada
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31
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Hyperspectral Measurement of Seasonal Variation in the Coverage and Impacts of an Invasive Grass in an Experimental Setting. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Fajardo A. Insights into intraspecific wood density variation and its relationship to growth, height and elevation in a treeline species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:456-464. [PMID: 29394527 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wood economics spectrum provides a general framework for interspecific trait-trait coordination across wide environmental gradients. Whether global patterns are mirrored within species constitutes a poorly explored subject. In this study, I first determined whether wood density co-varies together with elevation, tree growth and height at the within-species level. Second, I determined the variation of wood density in different stem parts (trunk, branch and twigs). In situ trunk sapwood, trunk heartwood, branch and twig densities, in addition to stem growth rates and tree height were determined in adult trees of Nothofagus pumilio at four elevations in five locations spanning 18° of latitude. Mixed effects models were fitted to test relationships among variables. The variation in wood density reported in this study was narrow (ca. 0.4-0.6 g cm-3 ) relative to global density variation (ca. 0.3-1.0 g cm-3 ). There was no significant relationship between stem growth rates and wood density. Furthermore, the elevation gradient did not alter the wood density of any stem part. Trunk sapwood density was negatively related to tree height. Twig density was higher than branch and trunk densities. Trunk heartwood density was always significantly higher than sapwood density. Negative across-species trends found in the growth-wood density relationship may not emerge as the aggregate of parallel intraspecific patterns. Actually, trees with contrasting growth rates show similar wood density values. Tree height, which is tightly related to elevation, showed a negative relationship with sapwood density.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Coyhaique, Chile
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33
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Bristiel P, Gillespie L, Østrem L, Balachowski J, Violle C, Volaire F. Experimental evaluation of the robustness of the growth–stress tolerance trade‐off within the perennial grass
Dactylis glomerata. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bristiel
- INRA CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE Université de Montpellier Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Lauren Gillespie
- CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE Université de Montpellier Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Liv Østrem
- NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Fureneset, Fjaler Norway
| | - Jennifer Balachowski
- USDA Agricultural Research Service California Climate Hub John Muir Institute of the Environment University of California, Davis Davis California
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE Université de Montpellier Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Florence Volaire
- INRA CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE Université de Montpellier Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
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34
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Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Eamus D, Ellsworth DS, Colin Prentice I, Wright IJ, Boer MM, Bradford MG, Cale P, Cleverly J, Egerton JJG, Evans BJ, Hayes LS, Hutchinson MF, Liddell MJ, Macfarlane C, Meyer WS, Prober SM, Togashi HF, Wardlaw T, Zhu L, Atkin OK. A continental‐scale assessment of variability in leaf traits: Within species, across sites and between seasons. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Lucas A. Cernusak
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute—Climate Change and the Environment Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Matthias M. Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Matt G. Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water Tropical Forest Research Centre Atherton Qld Australia
| | - Peter Cale
- Australian Landscape Trust Renmark SA Australia
| | - James Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - John J. G. Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Bradley J. Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lucy S. Hayes
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael F. Hutchinson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael J. Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Cairns Qld Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Australian SuperSite Network James Cook University Cairns Australia
| | | | - Wayne S. Meyer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - Henrique F. Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Lingling Zhu
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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35
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Linking intraspecific trait variability and spatial patterns of subtropical trees. Oecologia 2018; 186:793-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Wu J, Chavana-Bryant C, Prohaska N, Serbin SP, Guan K, Albert LP, Yang X, van Leeuwen WJD, Garnello AJ, Martins G, Malhi Y, Gerard F, Oliviera RC, Saleska SR. Convergence in relationships between leaf traits, spectra and age across diverse canopy environments and two contrasting tropical forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1033-1048. [PMID: 27381054 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf age structures the phenology and development of plants, as well as the evolution of leaf traits over life histories. However, a general method for efficiently estimating leaf age across forests and canopy environments is lacking. Here, we explored the potential for a statistical model, previously developed for Peruvian sunlit leaves, to consistently predict leaf ages from leaf reflectance spectra across two contrasting forests in Peru and Brazil and across diverse canopy environments. The model performed well for independent Brazilian sunlit and shade canopy leaves (R2 = 0.75-0.78), suggesting that canopy leaves (and their associated spectra) follow constrained developmental trajectories even in contrasting forests. The model did not perform as well for mid-canopy and understory leaves (R2 = 0.27-0.29), because leaves in different environments have distinct traits and trait developmental trajectories. When we accounted for distinct environment-trait linkages - either by explicitly including traits and environments in the model, or, even better, by re-parameterizing the spectra-only model to implicitly capture distinct trait-trajectories in different environments - we achieved a more general model that well-predicted leaf age across forests and environments (R2 = 0.79). Fundamental rules, linked to leaf environments, constrain the development of leaf traits and allow for general prediction of leaf age from spectra across species, sites and canopy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Cecilia Chavana-Bryant
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Neill Prohaska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Loren P Albert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Willem J D van Leeuwen
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Anthony John Garnello
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Giordane Martins
- Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brasil
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - France Gerard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Mao W, Felton AJ, Zhang T. Linking Changes to Intraspecific Trait Diversity to Community Functional Diversity and Biomass in Response to Snow and Nitrogen Addition Within an Inner Mongolian Grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:339. [PMID: 28352278 PMCID: PMC5348515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, both the intraspecific and interspecific functional diversity (FD) of plant communities have been studied with new approaches to improve an understanding about the mechanisms underlying plant species coexistence. Yet, little is known about how global change drivers will impact intraspecific FD and trait overlap among species, and in particular how this may scale to impacts on community level FD and ecosystem functioning. To address this uncertainty, we assessed the direct and indirect responses of specific leaf area (SLA) among both dominant annual and subordinate perennial species to the independent and interactive effects of nitrogen and snow addition within the Inner Mongnolian steppe. More specifically, we investigated the consequences for these responses on plant community FD, trait overlap and biomass. Nitrogen addition increased the biomass of the dominant annual species and as a result increased total community biomass. This occurred despite concurrent decreases in the biomass of subordinate perennial species. Nitrogen addition also increased intraspecific FD and trait overlap of both annual species and perennial species, and consequently increased the degree of trait overlap in SLA at the community level. However, snow addition did not significantly impact intraspecific FD and trait overlap of SLA for perennial species, but increased intraspecific FD and trait overlap of annual species, of which scaled to changes in community level FD. We found that the responses of the dominant annual species to nitrogen and snow additions were generally more sensitive than the subordinate perennial species within the inner Mongolian grassland communities of our study. As a consequence of this sensitivity, the responses of the dominant species largely drove impacts to community FD, trait overlap and community biomass. In total, our study demonstrates that the responses of dominant species in a community to environmental change may drive the initial trajectories of change to community FD and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou, China
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort CollinsCO, USA
| | - Tonghui Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou, China
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Fajardo A, Siefert A. Temperate rain forest species partition fine-scale gradients in light availability based on their leaf mass per area (LMA). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:1307-1315. [PMID: 27604280 PMCID: PMC5155601 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ecologists are increasingly using plant functional traits to predict community assembly, but few studies have linked functional traits to species' responses to fine-scale resource gradients. In this study, it was tested whether saplings of woody species partition fine-scale gradients in light availability based on their leaf mass per area (LMA) in three temperate rain forests and one Mediterranean forest in southern Chile. METHODS LMA was measured under field conditions of all woody species contained in approx. 60 plots of 2 m2 in each site, and light availability, computed as the gap light index (GLI), was determined. For each site, species' pairwise differences in mean LMA (Δ LMA) and abundance-weighted mean GLI (Δ light response) of 2 m2 plots were calculated and it was tested whether they were positively related using Mantel tests, i.e. if species with different LMA values differed in their response to light availability. Additionally linear models were fitted to the relationship between plot-level mean LMA and GLI across plots for each site. KEY RESULTS A positive and significant relationship was found between species' pairwise differences in mean LMA and differences in light response across species for all temperate rain forests, but not for the Mediterranean forest. The results also indicated a significant positive interspecific link between LMA and light availability for all forests. This is in contrast to what is traditionally reported and to expectations from the leaf economics spectrum. CONCLUSIONS In environments subjected to light limitation, interspecific differences in a leaf trait (LMA) can explain the fine-scale partitioning of light availability gradients by woody plant species. This niche partitioning potentially facilitates species coexistence at the within-community level. The high frequency of evergreen shade-intolerant species in these forests may explain the positive correlation between light availability and LMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique 5951601, Chile
| | - Andrew Siefert
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Trait-based plant ecology: moving towards a unifying species coexistence theory : Features of the Special Section. Oecologia 2016; 180:919-22. [PMID: 26897604 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional traits are the center of recent attempts to unify key ecological theories on species coexistence and assembling in populations and communities. While the plethora of studies on the role of functional traits to explain patterns and dynamics of communities has rendered a complex picture due to the idiosyncrasies of each study system and approach, there is increasing evidence on their actual relevance when aspects such as different spatial scales, intraspecific variability and demography are considered.
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