1
|
Cortés-Téllez AA, D'ors A, Sánchez-Fortún A, Fajardo C, Mengs G, Nande M, Martín C, Costa G, Martín M, Bartolomé-Camacho MC, Sánchez-Fortún S. Using single-species and algal communities to determine long-term adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on freshwater phytoplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172500. [PMID: 38631630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have led to their increasing use in various fields such as medicine, food, and industry. Evidence has proven that AgNPs cause adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems, especially when the release of Ag is prolonged in time. Several studies have shown short-term adverse effects of AgNPs on freshwater phytoplankton, but few studies have analysed the impact of long-term exposures on these populations. Our studies were carried out to assess the effects of AgNPs on growth rate, photosynthesis activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on the freshwater green algae Scenedesmus armatus and the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa, and additionally on microcystin (MC-LR) generation from these cyanobacteria. The tests were conducted both in single-species cultures and in phytoplanktonic communities exposed to 1 ngL-1 AgNPs for 28 days. The results showed that cell growth rate of both single-species cultures decreased significantly at the beginning and progressively reached control-like values at 28 days post-exposure. This effect was similar for the community-cultured cyanobacteria, but not for the green algae, which maintained a sustained decrease in growth rate. While gross photosynthesis (Pg) increased in both strains exposed in single cultures, dark respiration (R) and net photosynthesis (Pn) decreased in S. armatus and M. aeruginosa, respectively. These effects were mitigated when both strains were exposed under community culture conditions. Similarly, the ROS generation shown by both strains exposed in single-species cultures was mitigated when exposure occurred in community cultures. MC-LR production and release were significantly decreased in both single-species and community exposures. These results can supply helpful information to further investigate the potential risks of AgNPs and ultimately help policymakers make better-informed decisions about their utilization for environmental restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Cortés-Téllez
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - A D'ors
- Dpt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Fortún
- Dpt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fajardo
- Dpt. of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), w/n San Diego Sq., 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - G Mengs
- Techincal and R&D Department, Ecotoxilab SL. 10 Juan XXIII., 28550 Tielmes, Spain
| | - M Nande
- Dpt. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University. w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Martín
- Dpt. of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 3 Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Costa
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University. w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martín
- Dpt. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University. w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Bartolomé-Camacho
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacobiology, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 403 Santiago Tapia St., 58000 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - S Sánchez-Fortún
- Dpt. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Sayed A, Ebissy E, Ateya A. Positive impacts of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on gene expression of immune and antioxidant markers and metabolic profile of Barki sheep in the transition period and lipogenic effects on progeny. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10392-2. [PMID: 38702499 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis species should be given priority when it comes to microalgae that should be added to feed since they are suitable for intense culture and have a high concentration of PUFAs (especially EPA), antioxidants, and certain vitamins. This study investigated the possible immune and antioxidant impacts of Nannochloropsis supplementation on Barki ewes during transition period and their newly born lambs. Three weeks prior to the expected time of lambing, the researched ewes were divided into two equal groups of thirty ewes each. The second group, on the other hand, was fed the same base diet as the first group plus 10 g of commercially available Nannochloropsis powder per kg of concentrate, given daily to each ewe's concentrate. Findings revealed that supplementation of ewes with Nannochloropsis significantly up-regulated the expression pattern of immune (NFKB, RANTES, HMGB1, TNF-α, IRF4, TLR7, CLA-DRB3.2, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, S-LZ, and Cathelicidin), and antioxidant (SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, ATOX1, Nrf2 and AhpC/TSA) markers in ewes post-lambing and their newly born lambs. Additionally, mRNA levels of lipogenic (ACACA, FASN SCD, LPL, and BTN1A) markers were significantly up-regulated in lambs from supplemented ewes than control ones. There was a significant increase in the WBCs, Hb, RBc count, serum level of glucose, total protein, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, GPx, catalase, IL1α and IL6 with significantly decreased serum level of TNF-α and MDA in supplemented ewes after lambing as compared with control ones. There was also a significant increase in WBCs, Hb, RBc count, birth weight and body temperature with significantly decreased in the serum levels of TNF-α and stillbirth of newly born lambs from supplemented ewes as compared to other lambs from control ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guehaz K, Boual Z, Abdou I, Telli A, Belkhalfa H. Microalgae's polysaccharides, are they potent antioxidants? Critical review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:14. [PMID: 38070019 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community continue to explore novel bioactive molecules by investigating natural origins; microalgae are photosynthetic organisms considered as a sustainable resource to use in many fields. They present a high diversity in species and richness in terms of attractive bio-compounds. The aim of this review is to (1) provide first an overview of current issues related to oxidative stress, and propose a natural metabolite derived from eukaryotic and prokaryotic microalgae; 'polysaccharides' as a powerful antioxidant agent, then, (2) organize the available data on the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides derived from the main microalgal groups (red microalgae, green microalgae, and cyanobacteria) and especially highlighted the key species of each group (Porphyridium sp., Chlorella sp., and Arthrospira sp., respectively), meanwhile, (3) we described the chemical composition of polysaccharides from each class, and (4) we cite briefly the most factors affecting the antioxidant activity of these molecules. Finally, we explored the major challenges and gaps found to require more investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Guehaz
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria.
| | - Zakaria Boual
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Imene Abdou
- Higher National School of Renewable Energies, Environment and Sustainable Development, Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Alia Telli
- Laboratory for the Protection of Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, FNSV, Kasdi Merbah University, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Hakim Belkhalfa
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis, 42000, Tipaza, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelfattah A, Ali SS, Ramadan H, El-Aswar EI, Eltawab R, Ho SH, Elsamahy T, Li S, El-Sheekh MM, Schagerl M, Kornaros M, Sun J. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 13:100205. [PMID: 36247722 PMCID: PMC9557874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of both the global economy and the human population has led to a shortage of water resources suitable for direct human consumption. As a result, water remediation will inexorably become the primary focus on a global scale. Microalgae can be grown in various types of wastewaters (WW). They have a high potential to remove contaminants from the effluents of industries and urban areas. This review focuses on recent advances on WW remediation through microalgae cultivation. Attention has already been paid to microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) due to its low energy requirements, the strong ability of microalgae to thrive under diverse environmental conditions, and the potential to transform WW nutrients into high-value compounds. It turned out that microalgae-based WWT is an economical and sustainable solution. Moreover, different types of toxins are removed by microalgae through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation processes. Examples are toxins from agricultural runoffs and textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents. Microalgae have the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide and make use of the micronutrients that are present in the effluents. This review paper highlights the application of microalgae in WW remediation and the remediation of diverse types of pollutants commonly present in WW through different mechanisms, simultaneous resource recovery, and efficient microalgae-based co-culturing systems along with bottlenecks and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abdelfattah
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Hassan Ramadan
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Eslam Ibrahim El-Aswar
- Central Laboratories for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-Kanater, 13621, Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Reham Eltawab
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | | | - Michael Schagerl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Xu M, Wang J, Lan C, Lai J. Effects of nutrient limitation on cell growth, exopolysaccharide secretion and TEP production of Phaeocystis globosa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105801. [PMID: 36399939 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa (P. globosa) often colonizes and produces mucus, which may cause massive blooms in coastal areas. To understand mechanism of the growth and the impact factors for better control of the bloom, we conducted a laboratory experiment on the effect of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) limitation on the cell growth, production of exopolysaccharide (EPS), and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) of P. globosa. Results show no obvious differences in the N- and/or P-limitation in TEP production, polysaccharide secretion, and colony growth of P. globosa. Particularly in the death phase of the algae growth, the TEP production level in the experiment differed significantly, and was higher in the P-limitation group than that in the N-limitation group; additionally, the P-limitation group produced a relatively higher amount of EPS than N-limitation group, with greater cellular chlorophyll-a content, and in greater photosynthetic reaction rate of P. globosa cells, than those of the N-limitation group. However, under N-limited conditions, the algae colony survived longer. Under P-limited condition, P. globosa cells spend the photosynthesis-produced substances and energy for the secretion of extracellular substances but for cell reproduction, which was indicated by P. globosa cell growth and carbon content ratio between TEP and biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China; Beibu Gulf Marine Industry Research Institute, Fangchenggang, 538000, China
| | - Mingben Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China; Beibu Gulf Marine Industry Research Institute, Fangchenggang, 538000, China; School of Marine Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- School of Marine Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Caibi Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China; Beibu Gulf Marine Industry Research Institute, Fangchenggang, 538000, China
| | - Junxiang Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China; Beibu Gulf Marine Industry Research Institute, Fangchenggang, 538000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caetano PA, do Nascimento TC, Fernandes AS, Nass PP, Vieira KR, Maróstica Junior MR, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Microalgae-based polysaccharides: Insights on production, applications, analysis, and future challenges. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Saeed MU, Hussain N, Shahbaz A, Hameed T, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. Bioprospecting microalgae and cyanobacteria for biopharmaceutical applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1110-1124. [PMID: 34914840 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria have sparked a lot of interest due to their potential in various industries like biorefineries, biopharmaceuticals, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and other high-value products. Polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, and steroids are valuable products isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria and potentially used in health and biomedical applications. Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria exhibit various pharmaceutical properties like antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antialgal, and antioxidant. From the properties listed above, the research for novel antibiotics has become particularly appropriate. In addition, the possible emergence of resistance against pathogens, as well as the potential decline in antibiotic efficacy, has prompted researchers to look for a new source of antibiotics. Microalgae and cyanobacteria have indicated a great and unexplored potential among these sources. For this reason, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been highlighted for their efficiency in different industrial sectors, as well as for their potential uses in the betterment of human and environmental health. This review gives an overview of bioactive compounds and metabolites with several biological properties isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria for treating different animal and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Saeed
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shahbaz
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Hameed
- School of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laroche C. Exopolysaccharides from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Diversity of Strains, Production Strategies, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050336. [PMID: 35621987 PMCID: PMC9148076 DOI: 10.3390/md20050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that can produce/accumulate biomolecules with industrial interest. Among these molecules, EPSs are macromolecular polysaccharidic compounds that present biological activities and physico-chemical properties, allowing to consider their valorization in diverse commercial markets, such as cosmetic, therapeutic, nutraceutic, or hydrocolloids areas. The number of microalgae and cyanobacteria strains described to produce such EPSs has increased in recent years as, among the 256 producing strains gathered in this review, 86 were published in the last 10 years (~33%). Moreover, with the rise of research on microalgae EPSs, a variety of monosaccharides compositions have been discovered, highlighting the versatility of these organisms. If some production strategies can be applied to increase EPS production yields, it appears that case by case studies are needed to promote EPS synthesis by a strain, as many responses exist. This paper proposes an up-to-date state of the art of the diversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria EPS-producing strains, associated to the variability of compositions. The strategies for the production and extraction of the polymers are also discussed. Finally, an overview of the biological activities and physico-chemical properties allow one to consider their use on several commercial markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laroche
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gong X, Wang Y, Huang D, Zhang J. Effects of microplastics of different sizes on the Chlorella vulgaris - Ganoderma lucidum co-pellets formation processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153266. [PMID: 35074383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different sized MPs on the formation process of algal-fungal co-pellets were studied. The results show that a maximum biomass recovery of 70.96% and a minimum Fv/Fm ratio of 0.463 reached with 5.000 μm-microplastics. Chlorella vulgaris cells and microplastics adhered evenly to the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum. The contact angle decreased 24.02% and 34.68% with addition of 0.065 μm and 0.500 μm microplastics, respectively, compared to the control group, while the lowest crystallinity index (7.05%) was obtained with 0.065 μm-microplastics addition. Moreover, 5.000 μm microplastics promoted the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, with the soluble polysaccharide content increasing by 40.50% and the soluble protein content increasing by 23.25% compared with the single algal-fungal system, while bound polysaccharides increased by 113.26% and bound proteins increased by 29.48%. The 5.000 μm microplastics also significantly promoted enzyme activity in the co-pellets. These results provide a theoretical basis for algal recovery in microplastic-containing water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Gong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Deying Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meng W, Mu T, Marco GV. Seaweeds and microalgal biomass: The future of food and nutraceuticals. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Wang Y, Gong X, Huang D, Zhang J. Increasing oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin concentrations on the algal growth and sewage purification performance of an algal-bacterial consortia system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131917. [PMID: 34426270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) and enrofloxacin (EFX) pollution in surface water are very common. Using the algal-bacterial consortia system to remove antibiotics remains to be further studied. In this study, the algal growth and sewage purification performance were studied in an algal-bacterial consortia system with different concentrations of antibiotics. The enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll-a content, extracellular polysaccharide, and protein content of algae were also tested. It was found that the algal growth was promoted by low-dose antibiotics, 21.83% and 22.11% promotion at 0.1 mg L-1 OTC and EFX, respectively. The nutrients and antibiotics removals of the low-dose groups (OTC <5 mg L-1, EFX <1 mg L-1) were not affected significantly. More than 70% of total organic carbon and total phosphorus, and 97.84-99.76% OTC, 42.68-42.90% EFX were removed in the low-dose groups. However, the algal growth was inhibited, and the nutrients removals performance also declined in the high-concentration groups (10 mg L-1 OTC, 5 mg L-1 EFX). The superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and malondialdehyde content increased significantly (P < 0.05), indicating the increased activity of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the decreased chlorophyll-a content, thylakoid membrane deformation, starch granules accumulation, and plasmolysis showed that the algal physiological functions were affected. These results showed that the algal-bacterial consortia system was more suitable to treat low-concentration antibiotics and provided basic parameters for the consortia application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xinye Gong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Deying Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mahendran MS, Antony Dhanapal ACT, Wong LS, Kasivelu G, Djearamane S. Microalgae as a Potential Source of Bioactive Food Compounds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular, photosynthethic organisms that can grow on diverse aquatic habitatss like ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, waste water and humid soils. Recently, microalgae are gaining importance as renewable sources of biologically active food compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, essential fatty acids, biopigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, astaxanthin, as well as vitamins and minerals.The bioactive food compounds of microalgae enable them to be part of multitude of applications in numerous industrial products for healthy life and ecosystem. This review article summarizes the applications of biologically active food compounds derived from microalgae as nutraceuticals, healthy dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Further, this review article highlights the importance of research focus on the identification and extraction of bioactive food compounds from the huge numbers of microlage that exist in nature for sustainable global food security and economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manishaa Sri Mahendran
- 1Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | | | - Ling Shing Wong
- 2Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Govindaraju Kasivelu
- 3MoES - Earth Science and Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barreto DM, Tonietto AE, Lombardi AT. Environmental concentrations of copper nanoparticles affect vital functions in Ankistrodesmus densus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105720. [PMID: 33388614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties, leading to their widespread application in industry, consequently increasing their concentration in aquatic ecosystems. Although environmentally significant concentrations are still low, they tend to increase because of the intense use, posing into risk microalgae communities. Microalgae are primary producers that support food chains in aquatic ecosystems; thus factors that interfere with their physiology can be propagated throughout the food web. The present research investigated the effects of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) in the physiology of a cosmopolitan green microalgae, Ankistrodesmus densus. Here, we focused on environmental NPs levels, so an ample Cu-NPs range was used, 0.3-635 μg L-1. Considering that NPs dissolve into the medium releasing their constituent material, free Cu2+ ions were determined and considered as surrogate for NPs concentration, which varied from 2.1 × 10-9 to 8.4 × 10-9 mol L-1. The experiment was based in 72 h Cu-NPs exposure, and to access the physiology of A. densus, we monitored population growth, photochemistry of photosynthesis and the content of cell biomolecules (total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). The results showed that 2.1 × 10-9 mol L-1 free Cu2+ was enough to decrease growth rate, but 2.5x higher Cu was necessary to affect the photosynthetic parameters. Inorganic carbon fixation rate calculated by absolute electron transport rates was affected. Considering cell biomolecules, total proteins accumulated at 6.5 × 10-9 and kept increasing up to 8.4 × 10-9 mol L-1 free Cu2+. Because this was not related to biomass formation, we suggest a possible association with cell detoxification mechanisms. The most clear finding that emerged from this study is that environmental Cu-NPs concentrations affect vital functions in the green microalgae A. densus. An implication of this is the possibility of facing problems related to a increase of NPs in aquatic ecosystems in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mariano Barreto
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CEP 13565905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Emanuele Tonietto
- Chemistry Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Paulo Malschitzki 200, Zona Industrial, CEP 89219710, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CEP 13565905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chai WS, Tan WG, Halimatul Munawaroh HS, Gupta VK, Ho SH, Show PL. Multifaceted roles of microalgae in the application of wastewater biotreatment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116236. [PMID: 33333449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have become imperative for biological wastewater treatment. Its capability in biological purification of wastewaters from different origins while utilizing wastewater as the substrate for growth has manifest great potentials as a sustainable and economical wastewater treatment method. The wastewater grown microalgae have also been remarked in research to be a significant source of value-added bioproducts and biomaterial. This paper highlights the multifaceted roles of microalgae in wastewater treatment from the extent of microalgal bioremediation function to environmental amelioration with the involvement of microalgal biomass productivity and carbon dioxide fixation. Besides, the uptake mechanism of microalgae in wastewater treatment was discussed in detail with illustrations for a comprehensive understanding of the removal process of undesirable substances. The performance of different microalgae species in the uptake of various substances was studied and summarized in this review. The correlation of microalgal treatment efficacy with various algal strain types and the bioreactors harnessed for cultivation systems was also discussed. Studies on the alternatives to conventional wastewater treatment processes and the integration of microalgae with accordant wastewater treatment methods are presented. Current research on the biological and technical approaches for the modification of algae-based wastewater system and the maximization of biomass production is also reviewed and discussed. The last portion of the review is dedicated to the assertion of challenges and future perspectives on the development of microalgae-based wastewater treatment technology. This review serves as a useful and informative reference for readers regarding the multifaceted roles of microalgae in the application of wastewater biotreatment with detailed discussion on the uptake mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Siong Chai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wee Gee Tan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saad MH, El-Fakharany EM, Salem MS, Sidkey NM. The use of cyanobacterial metabolites as natural medical and biotechnological tools: review article. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2828-2850. [PMID: 33164673 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1838948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, Gram-negative bacteria that are considered one of the most morphologically diverse groups of prokaryotes with a chief role in the global nutrient cycle as they fixed gaseous carbon dioxide and nitrogen to organic materials. Cyanobacteria have significant adaptability to survive in harsh conditions due to they have different metabolic pathways with unique compounds, effective defensive mechanisms, and wide distribution in different habitats. Besides, they are successfully used to face different challenges in several fields, including industry, aquaculture, agriculture, food, dairy products, pollution control, bioenergy, and pharmaceutics. Analysis of 680 publications revealed that nearly 1630 cyanobacterial molecules belong to different families have a wide range of applications in several fields, including cosmetology, agriculture, pharmacology (immunosuppressant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anticoagulant, anti-tuberculosis, antitumor, and antiviral activities) and food industry. In this review, we nearly mentioned 92 examples of cyanobacterial molecules that are considered the most relevant effects related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities as well as their roles that can be used in various biotechnological fields. These cyanobacterial products might be promising candidates for fighting various diseases and can be used in managing viral and microbial infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabroka H Saad
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.,Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Salem
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Sidkey
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Nasr City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isolation, structures and biological activities of polysaccharides from Chlorella: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2199-2209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Liu Y, Huang Z, Zhou J, Tang J, Yang C, Chen C, Huang W, Dang Z. Influence of environmental and biological macromolecules on aggregation kinetics of nanoplastics in aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116316. [PMID: 32829180 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics derived from degradation of micro- or macroplastics are emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, where their fate and transport as well as toxicity are affected by aggregation. This study employed time-resolved dynamic light scattering to investigate the aggregation kinetics of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) in the presence of four macromolecules (sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and Suwannee River humic acid (HA)) in solutions containing monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salts at different pH. Our results showed that the macromolecules enhanced PSNP stability in NaCl solutions but destabilized PSNPs in CaCl2 solutions at pH 6. In NaCl solutions, macromolecules inhibited PSNP aggregation due to steric hindrance originated from macromolecular layer adsorbed on PSNPs. The strongest stabilization effect was observed for BSA having the greatest hydrodynamic adsorption layer thickness of 21.9 nm, followed by HA, EPS, and SA. In CaCl2 solutions, SA significantly destabilized PSNPs via alginate bridging with Ca2+, which enhanced with concentrations of SA and CaCl2. The destabilization effects of other three macromolecules in CaCl2 solutions were governed by the interplay among molecular bridging, charge screening, and steric hindrance. An increased pH in NaCl or CaCl2 solutions containing macromolecules all stabilized PSNPs due to elevated electrostatic repulsion, except that SA destabilized PSNPs in CaCl2 solutions via enhanced molecular bridging. The stabilization effect of macromolecules may also compete with the destabilization effect under seawater condition. This study suggested that PSNP aggregation in aquatic environments could be strongly affected by macromolecules and solution chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziqing Huang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jini Zhou
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Tang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhi Dang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo Y, Le-Clech P, Henderson RK. Characterisation of microalgae-based monocultures and mixed cultures for biomass production and wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Nazos TT, Kokarakis EJ, Valsami EA, Stratigakis NC, Poloniataki EG, Sfendourakis GP, Ghanotakis DF. Characterization of a novel herbicide and antibiotic-resistant Chlorella sp. with an extensive extracellular matrix. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:315-334. [PMID: 31965466 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A herbicide and antibiotic-resistant microalgal strain, isolated from a eutrophic site at Giofyros river (Heraklion, Crete, Greece) was extensively characterized. In the presence of relatively high concentrations of common photosynthesis inhibitors (DCMU and atrazine), as well as various antibiotics (spectinomycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol), the green microalga was able to increase its biomass in approximately equal levels compared to the control. Despite the high concentrations of the inhibitors, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll a amount per dry cell biomass were comparable to those of control cultures in almost all cases. 18S rDNA analysis showed that this microalga belongs to the Chlorella genus. Optical and electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of an extensive extracellular matrix (EM) that surrounds the cells and plays an important role in colony formation and cell-cell interactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence that the EM consists of a polysaccharide. This matrix could be separated from the cells with a simple centrifugation. Depending on growth conditions, the dry cell biomass of this Chlorella strain was found to contain 35-39% proteins and 27-42% carbohydrates. The results of this study have demonstrated that the EM plays a protective role for cell homeostasis maintenance against the various chemical agents. This green microalga is a suitable candidate for further studies regarding sustainable biomass production in waste waters for a series of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis T Nazos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel J Kokarakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni G Poloniataki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios P Sfendourakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios F Ghanotakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Koyande AK, Show PL, Guo R, Tang B, Ogino C, Chang JS. Bio-processing of algal bio-refinery: a review on current advances and future perspectives. Bioengineered 2019; 10:574-592. [PMID: 31668124 PMCID: PMC6844430 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1679697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomass contains various useful bio-active components. Microalgae derived biodiesel has been researched for almost two decades. However, sole biodiesel extraction from microalgae is time-consuming and is not economically feasible due to competitive fossil fuel prices. Microalgae also contains proteins and carbohydrates in abundance. Microalgae are likewise utilized to extract high-value products such as pigments, anti-oxidants and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which are useful in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. These compounds can be extracted simultaneously or sequentially after biodiesel extraction to reduce the total expenditure involved in the process. This approach of bio-refinery is necessary to promote microalgae in the commercial market. Researchers have been keen on utilizing the bio-refinery approach to exploit the valuable components encased by microalgae. Apart from all the beneficial components housed by microalgae, they also help in reducing the anthropogenic CO2 levels of the atmosphere while utilizing saline or wastewater. These benefits enable microalgae as a potential source for bio-refinery approach. Although life-cycle analysis and economic assessment do not favor the use of microalgae biomass feedstock to produce biofuel and co-products with the existing techniques, this review still aims to highlight the beneficial components of microalgae and their importance to humans. In addition, this article also focuses on current and future aspects of improving the feasibility of bio-processing for microalgae bio-refinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurav Krishna Koyande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaignard C, Laroche C, Pierre G, Dubessay P, Delattre C, Gardarin C, Gourvil P, Probert I, Dubuffet A, Michaud P. Screening of marine microalgae: Investigation of new exopolysaccharide producers. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
Saavedra R, Muñoz R, Taboada ME, Bolado S. Influence of organic matter and CO 2 supply on bioremediation of heavy metals by Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus almeriensis in a multimetallic matrix. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109393. [PMID: 31299473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the influence of organic matter (OM) and CO2 addition on the bioremediation potential of two microalgae typically used for wastewater treatment: Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Scenedesmus almeriensis (SA). The heavy metal (HM) removal efficiencies and biosorption capacities of both microalgae were determined in multimetallic solutions (As, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn) mimicking the highest pollutant conditions found in the Loa river (Northern Chile). The presence of OM decreased the total biosorption capacity, specially in As (from 2.2 to 0.0 mg/g for CV and from 2.3 to 1.7 mg/g for SA) and Cu (from 3.2 to 2.3 mg/g for CV and from 2.1 to 1.6 mg/g for SA), but its influence declined over time. CO2 addition decreased the total HM biosorption capacity for both microalgae species and inhibited CV growth. Finally, metal recovery using different eluents (HCl, NaOH, and CaCl2) was evaluated at two different concentrations. HCl 0.1 M provided the highest recovery efficiencies, which supported values over 85% of As, 92% of Cu, and ≈100% of Mn and Zn from SA. The presence of OM during the loaded stage resulted in a complete recovery of As, Cu, Mn, and Zn when using HCl 0.1 M as eluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Saavedra
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Elisa Taboada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenue 02800, CP, 1240000, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Silvia Bolado
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Omidi A, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Pflugmacher S. Interspecies interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and Desmodesmus subspicatus SAG 86.81 in a co-cultivation system at various growth phases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105052. [PMID: 31357091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In lakes, cyanobacterial blooms are frequently associated with green algae and dominate the phytoplankton community in successive waves. In the present study, the interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and Desmodesmus subspicatus were studied to clarify the probable ecological significance of algal secondary metabolites; focusing on the role of cyanotoxin 'microcystin-LR' (MC-LR). A dialysis co-cultivation technique was applied where M. aeruginosa was grown inside and D. subspicatus was cultured outside of the dialysis tubing. The concentration of the intra- and extracellular MC-LR and the growth of two species were measured at different time points over a period of one month. Additionally, the growth of the two species in the culture filtrate of one another and the effect of the purified MC-LR on the growth of the green alga were studied. The results indicated that the co-existing species could affect each other depending on the growth phases. Despite the early dominance of D. subspicatus during the logarithmic phase, M. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of the green alga at the stationary phase, which coincided with increased MC production and release. However, the inhibitory effects of Microcystis might be related to its other extracellular metabolites rather than, or possibly in addition to, MC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Omidi A, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Pflugmacher S. Desmodesmus subspicatus co-cultured with microcystin producing (PCC 7806) and the non-producing (PCC 7005) strains of Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:834-842. [PMID: 31352571 PMCID: PMC6732120 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly studied cyanotoxins, their significance to the producing organisms remains unclear. MCs are known as endotoxins, but they can be found in the surrounding environment due to cell lysis, designated as extracellular MCs. In the present study, the interactions between MC producing and the non-producing strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, PCC 7806 and PCC 7005, respectively, and a green alga, Desmodesmus subspicatus, were studied to better understand the probable ecological importance of MCs at the collapse phase of cyanobacterial blooms. We applied a dialysis co-cultivation system where M. aeruginosa was grown inside dialysis tubing for one month. Then, D. subspicatus was added to the culture system on the outside of the membrane. Consequently, the growth of D. subspicatus and MC contents were measured over a 14-day co-exposure period. The results showed that Microcystis negatively affected the green alga as the growth of D. subspicatus was significantly inhibited in co-cultivation with both the MC-producing and -deficient strains. However, the inhibitory effect of the MC-producing strain was greater and observed earlier compared to the MC-deficient strain. Thus, MCs might be considered as an assistant factor that, in combination with other secondary metabolites of Microcystis, reinforce the ability to outcompete co-existing species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
- Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaur S, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Srivastava V, Ahluwalia AS, Mishra Y. Biochemical and proteomic analysis reveals oxidative stress tolerance strategies of Scenedesmus abundans against allelochemicals released by Microcystis aeruginosa. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Sathasivam R, Radhakrishnan R, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF. Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:709-722. [PMID: 31048995 PMCID: PMC6486502 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are one of the important components in food chains of aquatic ecosystems and have been used for human consumption as food and as medicines. The wide diversity of compounds synthesized from different metabolic pathways of fresh and marine water algae provide promising sources of fatty acids, steroids, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lectins, mycosporine-like amino acids, halogenated compounds, polyketides, toxins, agar agar, alginic acid and carrageenan. This review discusses microalgae used to produce biological substances and its economic importance in food science, the pharmaceutical industry and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramalingam Radhakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology, Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed F. Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chia MA, Kramer BJ, Jankowiak JG, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC, Gobler CJ. The Individual and Combined Effects of the Cyanotoxins, Anatoxin-a and Microcystin-LR, on the Growth, Toxin Production, and Nitrogen Fixation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Algae. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E43. [PMID: 30650515 PMCID: PMC6357180 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, eutrophication and warming of aquatic ecosystems has increased the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins, with the simultaneous detection of multiple cyanotoxins often occurring. Despite the co-occurrence of cyanotoxins such as microcystins and anatoxin-a (ATX) in water bodies, their effects on phytoplankton communities are poorly understood. The individual and combined effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and ATX on the cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., and Anabaena variabilis (a.k.a. Trichormus variabilis), and the chlorophyte, Selenastrum capricornutum were investigated in the present study. Cell density, chlorophyll-a content, and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of Microcystis cells were generally lowered after exposure to ATX or MC-LR, while the combined treatment with MC-LR and ATX synergistically reduced the chlorophyll-a concentration of Microcystis strain LE-3. Intracellular levels of microcystin in Microcystis LE-3 significantly increased following exposure to MC-LR + ATX. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II of Anabaena strain UTEX B377 declined during exposure to the cyanotoxins. Nitrogen fixation by Anabaena UTEX B377 was significantly inhibited by exposure to ATX, but was unaffected by MC-LR. In contrast, the combination of both cyanotoxins (MC-LR + ATX) caused a synergistic increase in the growth of S. capricornutum. While the toxins caused an increase in the activity of enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria, enzyme activity was unchanged or decreased in S. capricornutum. Collectively this study demonstrates that MC-LR and ATX can selectively promote and inhibit the growth and performance of green algae and cyanobacteria, respectively, and that the combined effect of these cyanotoxins was often more intense than their individual effects on some strains. This suggests that the release of multiple cyanotoxins in aquatic ecosystems, following the collapse of blooms, may influence the succession of plankton communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810001, Nigeria.
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Benjamin J Kramer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
| | - Jennifer G Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sosa-Hernández JE, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Iqbal HMN, Welti-Chanes J. State-of-the-Art Extraction Methodologies for Bioactive Compounds from Algal Biome to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges and Opportunities. Molecules 2018; 23:E2953. [PMID: 30424551 PMCID: PMC6278541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to extract bioactive compounds by applying different methodologies for various applications. For instance, the use of bioactive compounds in several commercial sectors such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and chemical industries, has promoted the need of the most suitable and standardized methods to extract these bioactive constituents in a sophisticated and cost-effective manner. In practice, several conventional extraction methods have numerous limitations, e.g., lower efficacy, high energy cost, low yield, etc., thus urges for new state-of-the-art extraction methodologies. Thus, the optimization along with the integration of efficient pretreatment strategies followed by traditional extraction and purification processes, have been the primary goal of current research and development studies. Among different sources, algal biome has been found as a promising and feasible source to extract a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds with point-of-care application potentialities. As evident from the literature, algal bio-products includes biofuels, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, enzymes, polysaccharides, and proteins. The recovery of products from algal biomass is a matter of constant development and progress. This review covers recent advancements in the extraction methodologies such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLF) along with their working mechanism for extracting bioactive compounds from algal-based sources to meet bio-economy challenges and opportunities. A particular focus has been given to design characteristics, performance evaluation, and point-of-care applications of different bioactive compounds of microalgae. The previous and recent studies on the anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral potentialities of algal-based bioactive compounds have also been discussed with particular reference to the mechanism underlying the effects of these active constituents with the related pathways. Towards the end, the information is also given on the possible research gaps, future perspectives and concluding remarks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mühlenbruch M, Grossart HP, Eigemann F, Voss M. Mini-review: Phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2671-2685. [PMID: 30028074 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Within the wealth of molecules constituting marine dissolved organic matter, carbohydrates make up the largest coherent and quantifiable fraction. Their main sources are from primary producers, which release large amounts of photosynthetic products - mainly polysaccharides - directly into the surrounding water via passive and active exudation. The organic carbon and other nutrients derived from these photosynthates enrich the 'phycosphere' and attract heterotrophic bacteria. The rapid uptake and remineralization of dissolved free monosaccharides by heterotrophic bacteria account for the barely detectable levels of these compounds. By contrast, dissolved combined polysaccharides can reach high concentrations, especially during phytoplankton blooms. Polysaccharides are too large to be taken up directly by heterotrophic bacteria, instead requiring hydrolytic cleavage to smaller oligo- or monomers by bacteria with a suitable set of exoenzymes. The release of diverse polysaccharides by various phytoplankton taxa is generally interpreted as the deposition of excess organic material. However, these molecules likely also fulfil distinct, yet not fully understood functions, as inferred from their active modulation in terms of quality and quantity when phytoplankton becomes nutrient limited or is exposed to heterotrophic bacteria. This minireview summarizes current knowledge regarding the exudation and composition of phytoplankton-derived exopolysaccharides and acquisition of these compounds by heterotrophic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mühlenbruch
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Neuglobsow, Germany.,Potsdam University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Falk Eigemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scoglio S. Microcystins in water and in microalgae: Do microcystins as microalgae contaminants warrant the current public alarm? Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:785-792. [PMID: 30105209 PMCID: PMC6086208 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins have been the subject of increasingly alarming popular and scientific articles, which have taken as their unquestionable foundation the provisional Guideline of 1 μg/L established by the WHO Panel on microcystins levels in water, and mechanically translated by the Oregon government as 1 μg/g of Klamath Aphanizomenon flos aquae microalgae. This article underlines the significant limitations and ultimately scientific untenability of the WHO Guideline on microcystins in water, for being based on testing methodologies which may lead to a significant overestimation of the toxicity of microcystins. I propose criteria for the realization of new experimental studies on the toxicity of microcystins, based on the essential understanding that drinking water is contaminated by whole cyanobacterial microalgae rather than purified microcystins, while it is important to differentiate between water and cyanobacterial supplements. It is indeed a mistake to automatically apply standards that are proper for water to cyanobacterial supplements, as they have different concentrations of the antioxidant substances that inactivate or significantly reduce the toxicity of microcystins, a fact that also require that each cyanobacterial supplement be tested individually and through realistic testing methodologies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang JJH, Xu WW, Lin SL, Cheung PCK. Phytochemical profiles of marine phytoplanktons: an evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. Food Funct 2018; 7:5002-5017. [PMID: 27872932 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms such as phytoplanktons are a rich resource of bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities that can act as novel functional food ingredients. In this study, the pigment profiles, total mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and total phenolic contents (TPCs) in solvent extracts including 90% acetone and methanol from five marine phytoplanktons including Nitzschia closterium (Bacillariophyta), Isochrysis zhangjiangensis (Haptophyta), Platymonas subcordiformis (Chlorophyta), Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) and Synechocystis pevalekii (Cyanobacteria) were analyzed. Each phytoplankton from different phyla had its unique compositions of carotenoids and chlorophylls. The 90% acetone extract from I. zhangjiangensis had the highest MAA content (508.30 μg per g DW) while the methanol extract from N. closterium had the highest level of TPCs (6.15 mg GAE per g DW) among all the phytoplanktons investigated. The amounts of total carotenoids in all the 90% acetone extracts from the five phytoplanktons as well as total MAAs in those from within the four microalgae except S. pevalekii were found to be strongly correlated with their antioxidant activities evaluated by the DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assays. Only the level of total carotenoids in the phytoplanktons was correlated with their anti-proliferative activities assessed by the MTT assays using MCF-7 cells. Therefore, individual carotenoid pigments seemed to be mainly responsible for the antioxidant and anti-proliferative (or anticancer) activities found in the solvent extracts of the five phytoplanktons. Hence these phytoplanktons have the potential as novel sources of natural food antioxidants and anticancer agents to be used as active ingredients in functional food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Jun-Hui Huang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China. and Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, No. 243, Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wen-Wen Xu
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Blvd, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ling Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He M, Chen Y, Yan Y, Zhou S, Wang C. Influence of Interaction Between α-Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles and Dissolved Fulvic Acid on the Physiological Responses in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:719-727. [PMID: 29080111 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicity of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and its interaction with a typical natural organic matter (NOM), fulvic acid (FA) on the physiological responses of Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 was studied. α-Fe2O3 NPs inhibited the algae growth at concentration higher than 10 mg L-1 and induced oxidative stress, indicated by enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities, elevated protein and sugar content. FA could efficiently recover cell growth and reduce antioxidant enzyme activities which induced by α-Fe2O3 NPs, indicating the toxicity of NPs was alleviated in the presence of FA. α-Fe2O3 NPs could form large aggregates coating on cell surface and inhibit cell growth. FTIR spectra verified FA interacted with α-Fe2O3 NPs through carboxyl groups, partly replaced the binding sites of α-Fe2O3 NPs on algal cell walls, thus reduced NPs aggregates coating on cell surface. This favors reducing the oxidative stress caused by direct contact and increasing light availability, thus mitigate NPs toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongquan Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shanmei Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He M, Yan Y, Pei F, Wu M, Gebreluel T, Zou S, Wang C. Improvement on lipid production by Scenedesmus obliquus triggered by low dose exposure to nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15526. [PMID: 29138451 PMCID: PMC5686080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (nano Fe2O3) and MgO nanoparticles (nano MgO) were evaluated for the effects on algae growth and lipid production. Nano Fe2O3 promoted cell growth in the range of 0-20 mg·L-1. CNTs, nano Fe2O3 and nano MgO inhibited cell growth of Scenedesmus obliquus at 10, 40 and 0.8 mg·L-1 respectively. Neutral lipid and total lipid content increased with the increasing concentration of all tested nanoparticles. The maximum lipid productivity of cultures exposed to CNTs, nano Fe2O3 and nano MgO was observed at 5 mg·L-1, 5 mg·L-1 and 40 mg·L-1, with the improvement by 8.9%, 39.6% and 18.5%. High dose exposure to nanoparticles limited increase in lipid productivity, possibly due to the repression on cell growth caused by nanoparticles-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, finally leading to reduction in biomass and lipid production. Reduced accumulation of fatty acids of C18:3n3, C18:3n6 and C20:2 was observed in cells exposed to nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongquan Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Temesgen Gebreluel
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shanmei Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ishiguro S, Uppalapati D, Goldsmith Z, Robertson D, Hodge J, Holt H, Nakashima A, Turner K, Tamura M. Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175064. [PMID: 28380056 PMCID: PMC5381895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zachary Goldsmith
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dana Robertson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hodge
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hayley Holt
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katie Turner
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wong YK, Ho YH, Ho KC, Leung HM, Yung KKL. Maximization of cell growth and lipid production of freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris by enrichment technique for biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9089-9101. [PMID: 27975198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under limitation and starvation and under controlled conditions using different concentrations of nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (K2HPO4 and KH2PO4) chemicals in modified Bold basal medium (BBM). The biomass and lipid production responses to different media were examined in terms of optical density, cell density, dry biomass, and lipid productivity. In the 12-day batch culture period, the highest biomass productivity obtained was 72.083 mg L-1 day-1 under BBM - NcontrolPlimited condition. The highest lipid content, lipid concentration, and lipid productivity obtained were 53.202 %, 287.291 mg/L, and 23.449 mg L-1 day-1 under BBM - NControlPDeprivation condition, respectively. Nitrogen had a major effect in the biomass concentration of C. vulgaris, while no significant effect was found for phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus starvation was found to be the strategy affecting the lipid accumulation and affected the lipid composition of C. vulgaris cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Wong
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y H Ho
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Ho
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H M Leung
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K K L Yung
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Species-dependent variation in sensitivity of Microcystis species to copper sulfate: implication in algal toxicity of copper and controls of blooms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40393. [PMID: 28079177 PMCID: PMC5227962 DOI: 10.1038/srep40393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper sulfate is a frequently used reagent for Microcystis blooms control but almost all the previous works have used Microcystis aeruginosa as the target organism to determine dosages. The aim of this study was to evaluate interspecific differences in the responses of various Microcystis species to varying Cu2+ concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 mg L−1). The half maximal effective concentration values for M. aeruginosa, M. wesenbergii, M. flos-aquae, and M. viridis were 0.16, 0.09, 0.49, and 0.45 mg L−1 Cu2+, respectively. This showed a species-dependent variation in the sensitivity of Microcystis species to copper sulfate. Malonaldehyde content did not decrease with increasing superoxide dismutase content induced by increasing Cu2+, suggesting that superoxide dismutase failed to reduce Cu2+ damage in Microcystis. Considering the risk of microcystin release when Microcystis membranes are destroyed as a result of Cu2+ treatment and the stimulation effects of a low level of Cu2+ on growth in various species, our results suggest that copper sulfate treatment for Microcystis control could be applied before midsummer when M. aeruginosa and M. viridis are not the dominant species and actual amount of Cu2+ used to control M. wesenbergii should be much greater than 0.10 mg L−1.
Collapse
|
37
|
Natarajan S, Lakshmi DS, Bhuvaneshwari M, Iswarya V, Mrudula P, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Antifouling activities of pristine and nanocomposite chitosan/TiO 2/Ag films against freshwater algae. RSC Adv 2017; 7:27645-27655. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03876c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of microalgae or biofouling on submerged artificial surfaces is a universal problem in freshwater environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Shanthana Lakshmi
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | | | - V. Iswarya
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology
- VIT University
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| | - P. Mrudula
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology
- VIT University
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pinheiro C, Azevedo J, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Loureiro S. The interactive effects of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin on the growth rate of the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:745-758. [PMID: 26910533 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are the most representative cyanobacterial cyanotoxins. They have been simultaneously detected in aquatic systems, but their combined ecotoxicological effects to aquatic organisms, especially microalgae, is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of these cyanotoxins individually and as a binary mixture on the growth rate of the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris. Using the MIXTOX tool, the reference model concentration addition (CA) was selected to evaluate the combined effects of MC-LR and CYN on the growth of the freshwater green algae due to its conservative prediction of mixture effect for putative similar or dissimilar acting chemicals. Deviations from the CA model such as synergism/antagonism, dose-ratio and dose-level dependency were also assessed. In single exposures, our results demonstrated that MC-LR and CYN had different impacts on the growth rates of C. vulgaris at the highest tested concentrations, being CYN the most toxic. In the mixture exposure trial, MC-LR and CYN showed a synergistic deviation from the conceptual model CA as the best descriptive model. MC-LR individually was not toxic even at high concentrations (37 mg L(-1)); however, the presence of MC-LR at much lower concentrations (0.4-16.7 mg L(-1)) increased the CYN toxicity. From these results, the combined exposure of MC-LR and CYN should be considered for risk assessment of mixtures as the toxicity may be underestimated when looking only at the single cyanotoxins and not their combination. This study also represents an important step to understand the interactions among MC-LR and CYN detected previously in aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 440-330, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Marjakangas JM, Chen CY, Lakaniemi AM, Puhakka JA, Whang LM, Chang JS. Simultaneous nutrient removal and lipid production with Chlorella vulgaris on sterilized and non-sterilized anaerobically pretreated piggery wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
de Morais MG, Vaz BDS, de Morais EG, Costa JAV. Biologically Active Metabolites Synthesized by Microalgae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:835761. [PMID: 26339647 PMCID: PMC4538420 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms that have different morphological, physiological, and genetic traits that confer the ability to produce different biologically active metabolites. Microalgal biotechnology has become a subject of study for various fields, due to the varied bioproducts that can be obtained from these microorganisms. When microalgal cultivation processes are better understood, microalgae can become an environmentally friendly and economically viable source of compounds of interest, because production can be optimized in a controlled culture. The bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, among others. Furthermore, these microorganisms have the ability to promote health and reduce the risk of the development of degenerative diseases. In this context, the aim of this review is to discuss bioactive metabolites produced by microalgae for possible applications in the life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Vaz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Etiele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Buono S, Langellotti AL, Martello A, Rinna F, Fogliano V. Functional ingredients from microalgae. Food Funct 2015; 5:1669-85. [PMID: 24957182 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of natural sources are under investigation to evaluate their possible use for new functional ingredient formulation. Some records attested the traditional and ancient use of wild harvested microalgae as human food but their cultivation for different purposes started about 40 years ago. The most popular species are Arthrospira (traditional name, Spirulina), Chlorella spp., Dunaliella spp. and Haematococcus spp. Microalgae provide a bewildering array of opportunities to develop healthier food products using innovative approaches and a number of different strategies. Compared to other natural sources of bioactive ingredients, microalgae have many advantages such as their huge biodiversity, the possibility to grow in arid land and with limited fresh water consumption and the flexibility of their metabolism, which could be adapted to produce specific molecules. All these factors led to very sustainable production making microalgae eligible as one of the most promising foods for the future, particularly as source of proteins, lipids and phytochemicals. In this work, a revision of the knowledge about the use of microalgae as food and as a source of functional ingredients has been performed. The most interesting results in the field are presented and commented upon, focusing on the different species of microalgae and the activity of the nutritionally relevant compounds. A summary of the health effects obtained together with pros and cons in the adoption of this natural source as functional food ingredients is also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Buono
- CRIAcq, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed 77, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Does microcystin disrupt the induced effect of Daphnia kairomone on colony formation in Scenedesmus? BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Campos A, Araújo P, Pinheiro C, Azevedo J, Osório H, Vasconcelos V. Effects on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and levels of extracellular proteins in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris exposed to crude cyanobacterial extracts and pure microcystin and cylindrospermopsin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:45-53. [PMID: 23726538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins have been pointed as important players in the control of phytoplankton diversity and species abundance, causing ecological unbalances and contamination of the environment. In vitro experiments have been undertaken to address the impact of toxic cyanobacteria in green algae. In this regard the aim of this work was to compare the toxicity of two cyanobacteria species, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Microcystis aeruginosa, to the green alga Chlorella vulgaris by assessing culture growth when exposed for three and seven days to (I) cyanobacterial cell extracts and (II) pure toxins microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). The biochemical response of the green alga to pure toxins was also characterized, through the activity of the antioxidant markers glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the expressed extracellular proteins in seven-day exposed cultures. A. ovalisporum crude extracts were toxic to C. vulgaris. Pure toxins up to 179.0 µg/L, on the other hand, stimulated the green alga growth. Growth results suggest that the toxicity of A. ovalisporum extracts is likely due to a synergistic action of CYN and other metabolites produced by the cyanobacterium. Regarding the green alga antioxidant defense mechanism, CYN at 18.4 and 179.0 µg/L increased the activity of GPx and GST while MC-LR inhibited the enzymes' activity at a concentration of 179.0 µg/L demonstrating a contrasting mode of action. Moreover the identification of F-ATPase subunit, adenylate cyclase, sulfate ABC transporter, putative porin, aspartate aminotransferase, methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and chlorophyll a binding proteins in the culture medium of C. vulgaris indicates that biochemical processes involved in the transport of metabolites, photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism are affected by cyanobacterial toxins and may contribute to the regulation of green alga growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Skjånes K, Rebours C, Lindblad P. Potential for green microalgae to produce hydrogen, pharmaceuticals and other high value products in a combined process. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 33:172-215. [PMID: 22765907 PMCID: PMC3665214 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.681625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Green microalgae for several decades have been produced for commercial exploitation, with applications ranging from health food for human consumption, aquaculture and animal feed, to coloring agents, cosmetics and others. Several products from green algae which are used today consist of secondary metabolites that can be extracted from the algal biomass. The best known examples are the carotenoids astaxanthin and β-carotene, which are used as coloring agents and for health-promoting purposes. Many species of green algae are able to produce valuable metabolites for different uses; examples are antioxidants, several different carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, anticancer and antiviral drugs. In many cases, these substances are secondary metabolites that are produced when the algae are exposed to stress conditions linked to nutrient deprivation, light intensity, temperature, salinity and pH. In other cases, the metabolites have been detected in algae grown under optimal conditions, and little is known about optimization of the production of each product, or the effects of stress conditions on their production. Some green algae have shown the ability to produce significant amounts of hydrogen gas during sulfur deprivation, a process which is currently studied extensively worldwide. At the moment, the majority of research in this field has focused on the model organism, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but other species of green algae also have this ability. Currently there is little information available regarding the possibility for producing hydrogen and other valuable metabolites in the same process. This study aims to explore which stress conditions are known to induce the production of different valuable products in comparison to stress reactions leading to hydrogen production. Wild type species of green microalgae with known ability to produce high amounts of certain valuable metabolites are listed and linked to species with ability to produce hydrogen during general anaerobic conditions, and during sulfur deprivation. Species used today for commercial purposes are also described. This information is analyzed in order to form a basis for selection of wild type species for a future multi-step process, where hydrogen production from solar energy is combined with the production of valuable metabolites and other commercial uses of the algal biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Skjånes
- Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Fredrik A. Dahls vei 20, Ås, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yen HW, Hu IC, Chen CY, Ho SH, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Microalgae-based biorefinery--from biofuels to natural products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:166-174. [PMID: 23206809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential for biodiesel production from microalgal lipids and for CO2 mitigation due to photoautotrophic growth of microalgae have recently been recognized. Microalgae biomass also has other valuable components, including carbohydrates, long chain fatty acids, pigments and proteins. The microalgae-based carbohydrates consist mainly of cellulose and starch without lignin; thus they can be ready carbon source for the fermentation industry. Some microalgae can produce long chain fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA) as valuable health food supplements. In addition, microalgal pigments and proteins have considerable potential for many medical applications. This review article presents comprehensive information on the current state of these commercial applications, as well as the utilization and characteristics of the microalgal components, in addition to the key factors and challenges that should be addressed during the production of these materials, and thus provides a useful report that can aid the development of an efficient microalgae-based biorefinery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Algal production of extra and intra-cellular polysaccharides as an adaptive response to the toxin crude extract of Microcystis aeruginosa. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2012; 9:10. [PMID: 23369164 PMCID: PMC3561052 DOI: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This is an investigation concerned with studying the possible adaptive response of four different unicellular algae, Anabaena PCC 7120, Oscillatoria angustissima, Scendesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris, to the toxin of Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing). The effects of four different concentrations, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg mL-1 of microcystins crude extract of M. aeruginosa, on both intra and extra-cellular polysaccharide levels, in log phase, of the four tested algae were studied. The obtained results showed differential increase in the production levels for both intra and extra-cellular polysaccharides by the tested algae, compared with the control. S. obliquus and C. vulgaris showed a resistance to crude toxin higher than Anabaena PCC 7120 and O. angustissima. The highly production of polysaccharides by green algal species under this toxic stress indicated the involvement of these polysaccharides in protecting the algal cells against toxic species and, reflect the biological behavior of particular algal species to the environmental stresses.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang NX, Zhang XY, Wu J, Xiao L, Yin Y, Miao AJ, Ji R, Yang LY. Effects of microcystin-LR on the metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:369-377. [PMID: 22078256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the most notorious toxins liberated from cyanobacteria in eutrophicated freshwater ecosystems. Its effects on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd(2+), CrO(4)(2-), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) in a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated in the present study. The metal bioaccumulation in the alga was unaffected by MC-LR. The surface-adsorbed and intracellular metal concentrations in the treatments with and without the addition of MC-LR could be well simulated by a single Freundlich isotherm for each metal with their accumulation ability following the order of Cu(2+) > Cd(2+) > Zn(2+) > CrO(4)(2-). The bioavailable metal concentrations measured by diffusion gradients in thin-films remained unchanged when MC-LR was applied. Accordingly, the growth of C. reinhardtii was similarly inhibited at the same metal concentration regardless of the addition of MC-LR. The metal toxicity could also be well delineated with the classic free ion activity and biotic ligand models. However, the intracellular metal concentration was found to have the best predictability suggesting its more direct relationship with metal toxicity. Metal exposure induced the accumulation of MC-LR in the alga, which was leveled off at high metal levels. The underlying uptake mechanisms need to be further examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Perron MC, Qiu B, Boucher N, Bellemare F, Juneau P. Use of chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the effect of microcystins on photosynthesis and photosystem II energy fluxes of green algae. Toxicon 2012; 59:567-77. [PMID: 22234271 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of cyanobacteria bloom occurs widely in lakes, reservoirs, ponds and slow flowing rivers. Those blooms can have important repercussions, at once on recreational and commercial activities but also on the health of animals and human beings. Indeed, many species are known to produce toxins which are released in water mainly at cellular death. The cyanotoxin most frequently encountered is the microcystin (MC), a hepatotoxin which counts more than 70 variants. The use of fast tests for the detection of this toxin is thus a necessity for the protection of the ecosystems and the human health. A promising method for their detection is a bioassay based on the chlorophyll a fluorescence of algae. Many studies have shown that algae are sensible to diverse pollutants, but were almost never used for cyanotoxins. Therefore, our goals were to evaluate the effect of microcystin on the fluorescence of different species of algae and how it can affect the flow of energy through photosystem II. To reach these objectives, we exposed four green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus CPCC5, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC125, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata CPCC37 and Chlorella vulgaris CPCC111) to microcystin standards (variants MC-LF, LR, RR, YR) and to microcystin extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa (CPCC299), which is known to produce mainly MC-LR. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured by PEA (Plant Efficiency Analyzer) and LuminoTox. The results of our experiment showed that microcystins affect the photosynthetic efficiency and the flow of energy through photosystem II from 0.01 μg/mL, within only 15 min. From exposure to standard of microcystin, we showed that MC-LF was the most potent variant, followed by MC-YR, LR and RR. Moreover, green algae used in this study demonstrated different sensitivity to MCs, S. obliquus being the more sensitive. We finally demonstrated that LuminoTox was more sensitive to MCs than parameters measured with PEA, although the latter brings indication on the mode of action of MCs at the photosynthetic apparatus level. This is the first report showing a photosynthetic response within 15 min of exposure. Our results suggest that bioassay based on chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a rapid and sensitive tool to detect microcystin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Perron
- Department of Biological Sciences-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bártová K, Hilscherová K, Babica P, Maršálek B, Bláha L. Effects of microcystin and complex cyanobacterial samples on the growth and oxidative stress parameters in green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and comparison with the model oxidative stressor--herbicide paraquat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:641-648. [PMID: 20549631 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the biochemical mechanisms involved in toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (MC), but its role in the effects of complex water blooms is elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pure MCs and different complex mixtures of cyanobacterial metabolites on the growth and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and detoxification in green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Pure MCs at high concentrations (300 μg/L) had no effects on the growth of P. subcapitata (up to 10 day exposures) but stimulated activity of glutathione reductase (GR) after short 3 and 24 h exposures. Other biomarkers (levels of glutathione, GSH, and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, GST, and glutathione peroxidase, GPx) were not affected by pure MCs). Crude extract of the laboratory culture of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (containing 300 μg/L of MCs) had no effects on algal growth or any of the biomarkers. Weak growth stimulations after 4-7 days were observed after exposures to the growth-spent medium of the M. aeruginosa culture, which also inhibited activities of GST after prolonged exposures. Other investigated parameters (reduced GSH and activity of GPx) were not affected by any of the cyanobacterial samples. The results were compared with effects of model oxidative stressor herbicide paraquat, which exhibited variable effects on both algal growth and biomarkers (decrease in reduced GSH, stimulations of GR). Taken together, although pure MCs induce oxidative stress in green alga, the effects of cyanobacterial mixtures, which are more relevant to the natural situation, are more complex and they differ from the pure toxin. High variability in the biochemical responses to the oxidative stress makes the interpretation of results complicated, which limits the use of these biomarkers as early warnings of toxicity under natural conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Bártová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno CZ62500, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Saison C, Perreault F, Daigle JC, Fortin C, Claverie J, Morin M, Popovic R. Effect of core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles on cell culture morphology and photosynthesis (photosystem II energy distribution) in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 96:109-114. [PMID: 19883948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 100 nm on cellular systems is still not well understood. Documenting these effects is pressing since core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles are currently components of pigments used frequently as antifouling paint protecting boats from crustacean, weed and slime fouling. However, the use of such paints may induce strong deteriorative effects on different aquatic trophic levels that are not the intended targets. Here, the toxic effect of core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles on the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated with regards to the change of algal cellular population structure, primary photochemistry of photosystem II and reactive oxygen species formation. Algal cultures were exposed to 0.004, 0.01 and 0.02 g/l of core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles for 6h and a change in algal population structure was observed, while the formation of reactive oxygen species was determined using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate marker measured by flow cytometry. For the study of the photosystem II primary photochemistry we investigated the change in chlorophyll a rapid rise of fluorescence. We found that core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles induced cellular aggregation processes and had a deteriorative effect on chlorophyll by inducing the photoinhibition of photosystem II. The inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport induced a strong energy dissipation process via non-photochemical pathways. The deterioration of photosynthesis was interpreted as being caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by core-shell copper oxide nanoparticles. However, no formation of reactive oxygen species was observed when C. reinhardtii was exposed to the core without the shell or to the shell only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Saison
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne Mance, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|