1
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Zhang D, Zhang H, Lu J, Hu X. Multiomics Data Reveal the Important Role of ANXA2R in T Cell-mediated Rejection After Renal Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:430-444. [PMID: 37677931 PMCID: PMC10798590 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) is a severe issue after renal transplantation, but research on its T cell-receptor (TCR) repertoire is lacking. This study intended to elucidate the TCR repertoire landscape in TCMR and hence identify novel potential targets. METHODS A total of 12 multiomics data sets were collected. The TRUST4 algorithm was used to construct and analyze the TCR repertoire in renal allografts with TCMR and stable renal function. Then, novel TCR-related key genes were identified through various criteria and literature research. In bulk transcriptome, cell line, single-cell transcriptome data sets, multiple immune cell infiltration algorithms, and gene set enrichment analysis were used to analyze potential mechanisms of the identified key gene. Twenty-three pathological sections were collected for immunofluorescence staining in the clinical cohort. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic values of ANXA2R were evaluated in multiple renal transplant data sets. RESULTS Allografts with TCMR showed significantly increased clonotype and specific clonal expansion. ANXA2R was found to be a novel key gene for TCMR and showed strong positive connections with the TCR complex and lymphocyte cells, especially CD8 + T cells. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the existence of ANXA2R + CD8 + T cells, with their percentage significantly elevated in TCMR compared with stable renal function. Finally, both mRNA and protein levels of ANXA2R showed promising diagnostic and prognostic value for renal transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS ANXA2R , identified as a novel TCR-related gene, had critical roles in clinicopathology, diagnosis, and prognosis in renal transplantation, which offered promising potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Biglari S, Moghaddam AS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Sherkat R, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad F, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Hakonarson H, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review. Genet Med 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 37978863 PMCID: PMC10922824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent human papillomavirus infection (PHPVI) causes cutaneous, anogenital, and mucosal warts. Cutaneous warts include common warts, Treeman syndrome, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis, among others. Although more reports of monogenic predisposition to PHPVI have been published with the development of genomic technologies, genetic testing is rarely incorporated into clinical assessments. To encourage broader molecular testing, we compiled a list of the various monogenic etiologies of PHPVI. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the genetic, immunological, and clinical characteristics of patients with PHPVI. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 261 of 40,687 articles. In 842 patients, 83 PHPVI-associated genes were identified, including 42, 6, and 35 genes with strong, moderate, and weak evidence for causality, respectively. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominated (69%). PHPVI onset age was 10.8 ± 8.6 years, with an interquartile range of 5 to 14 years. GATA2,IL2RG,DOCK8, CXCR4, TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 are the most frequently reported PHPVI-associated genes with strong causality. Most genes (74 out of 83) belong to a catalog of 485 inborn errors of immunity-related genes, and 40 genes (54%) are represented in the nonsyndromic and syndromic combined immunodeficiency categories. CONCLUSION PHPVI has at least 83 monogenic etiologies and a genetic diagnosis is essential for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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3
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Akar-Ghibril N. Defects of the Innate Immune System and Related Immune Deficiencies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:36-54. [PMID: 34417936 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that mediate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs also activate signaling transduction pathways involved in host defense, inflammation, development, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Innate immunodeficiencies associated with defective TLR signaling include mutations in NEMO, IKBA, MyD88, and IRAK4. Other innate immune defects have been associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis, viral infections, and mycobacterial disease, as well as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Phagocytes and natural killer cells are essential members of the innate immune system and defects in number and/or function of these cells can lead to recurrent infections. Complement is another important part of the innate immune system. Complement deficiencies can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, or impaired immune complex clearance. The innate immune system must work to quickly recognize and eliminate pathogens as well as coordinate an immune response and engage the adaptive immune system. Defects of the innate immune system can lead to failure to quickly identify pathogens and activate the immune response, resulting in susceptibility to severe or recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, 1311 N 35th Ave, Suite 220, 33021, Hollywood, FL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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4
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Zhao Z, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Sun X, Hu C, Wang X, Zhang G. ALA-PDT successfully treated multiple cSCC in situ and AK in a patient with Epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102395. [PMID: 34126243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has emerged as a non-invasive treatment modality for premalignant and malignant skin lesions. It has the advantage of better tolerance and providing better cosmetic outcomes than conventional treatment methods. Herein, we report a patient who suffered from multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and actinic keratosis (AK) scattered in the body's sun-exposed areas, which had led him to undergo multiple surgical resections since the age of 16. Next-generation sequencing-based on a targeted gene capture panel revealed compound heterozygous mutations c.G559A and c.G1389A in the TMC8 gene. Combined with the typical clinical manifestations and mutation analysis, the patient was diagnosed with Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Due to the multiple AK and cSCC in situ lesions, ALA-PDT was applied. After 8 courses of ALA-PDT all lesions were successfully cleared without causing any scarring. Therefore, the use of ALA-PDT treatment may constitute a very promising and effective therapeutic modality for multiple cSCC in situ and AK secondary to EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Hu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Lin B, Wang S, Yao Y, Shen Y, Yang H. Comprehensive co-expression analysis reveals TMC8 as a prognostic immune-associated gene in head and neck squamous cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:498. [PMID: 33981360 PMCID: PMC8108259 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSC) is closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Transmembrane channel-like 8 (TMC8) is a key gene affecting the susceptibility of HPV and that plays an important role in T cell regulation. However, the mechanism by which TMC8 affects T cells and whether it further affects the prognosis of patients with HNSC remains unclear. In the present study, oral cancer cell lines and independent tumor specimens were used to detect TMC8 expression in HNSC. Differential expression of TMC8, methylation status, function and associated signaling pathways were further analyzed. Then, multiple databases were cross-analyzed for the relationship of TMC8 with immune cell infiltration and its impact on the prognosis of numerous types of cancer. The results showed that TMC8 was upregulated in HNSC and high expression was predictive of an improved prognosis. Furthermore, TMC8 was concentrated in multiple immune-associated signaling pathways and the expression of TMC8 was associated with the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and their subsets, including CD8+ T cells, B cells and macrophages, suggesting that TMC8 may play an anti-HPV role by regulating CD4+ T cells. Thus, TMC8 plays an anti-HPV role by regulating the infiltration level of CD4+ T cells, and could therefore be used as a potential prognostic marker for patients with HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shunji Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Youdan Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
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6
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Human genetic dissection of papillomavirus-driven diseases: new insight into their pathogenesis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:919-939. [PMID: 32435828 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia. There are 5 genera and more than 200 types of HPV, each with a specific tropism and virulence. HPV infections are typically asymptomatic or result in benign tumors, which may be disseminated or persistent in rare cases, but a few oncogenic HPVs can cause cancers. This review deals with the human genetic and immunological basis of interindividual clinical variability in the course of HPV infections of the skin and mucosae. Typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is characterized by β-HPV-driven flat wart-like and pityriasis-like cutaneous lesions and non-melanoma skin cancers in patients with inborn errors of EVER1-EVER2-CIB1-dependent skin-intrinsic immunity. Atypical EV is associated with other infectious diseases in patients with inborn errors of T cells. Severe cutaneous or anogenital warts, including anogenital cancers, are also driven by certain α-, γ-, μ or ν-HPVs in patients with inborn errors of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The genetic basis of HPV diseases at other mucosal sites, such as oral multifocal epithelial hyperplasia or juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP), remains poorly understood. The human genetic dissection of HPV-driven lesions will clarify the molecular and cellular basis of protective immunity to HPVs, and should lead to novel diagnostic, preventive, and curative approaches in patients.
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7
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelia and can induce hyperproliferative lesions. More than 220 different HPV types have been characterized and classified into five different genera. While mucosal high-risk HPVs have a well-established causal role in anogenital carcinogenesis, the biology of cutaneous HPVs is less well understood.From patients with the rare genetic disorder epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and animal models, evidence is accumulating that cutaneous PV of genus β synergize with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the genus β-HPV types 5 and 8 as "possible carcinogenic" biological agents (group 2B) in EV disease. Epidemiological and biological studies indicate that genus β-PV infection may also play a role in UV-mediated skin carcinogenesis in non-EV patients. However, they rather act at early stages of carcinogenesis and become dispensable for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype, compatible with a "hit-and-run" mechanism.This chapter will give an overview on genus β-PV infections and discuss similarities and differences of cutaneous and genus α mucosal high-risk HPV in epithelial carcinogenesis.
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8
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Zhang SY, Jouanguy E, Zhang Q, Abel L, Puel A, Casanova JL. Human inborn errors of immunity to infection affecting cells other than leukocytes: from the immune system to the whole organism. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:88-100. [PMID: 31121434 PMCID: PMC6774828 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies of vertebrate immunity have traditionally focused on professional cells, including circulating and tissue-resident leukocytes. Evidence that non-professional cells are also intrinsically essential (i.e. not via their effect on leukocytes) for protective immunity in natural conditions of infection has emerged from three lines of research in human genetics. First, studies of Mendelian resistance to infection have revealed an essential role of DARC-expressing erythrocytes in protection against Plasmodium vivax infection, and an essential role of FUT2-expressing intestinal epithelial cells for protection against norovirus and rotavirus infections. Second, studies of inborn errors of non-hematopoietic cell-extrinsic immunity have shown that APOL1 and complement cascade components secreted by hepatocytes are essential for protective immunity to trypanosome and pyogenic bacteria, respectively. Third, studies of inborn errors of non-hematopoietic cell-intrinsic immunity have suggested that keratinocytes, pulmonary epithelial cells, and cortical neurons are essential for tissue-specific protective immunity to human papillomaviruses, influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus, respectively. Various other types of genetic resistance or predisposition to infection in human populations are not readily explained by inborn variants of genes operating in leukocytes and may, therefore, involve defects in other cells. The probing of this unchartered territory by human genetics is reshaping immunology, by scaling immunity to infection up from the immune system to the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Venuti A, Lohse S, Tommasino M, Smola S. Cross-talk of cutaneous beta human papillomaviruses and the immune system: determinants of disease penetrance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180287. [PMID: 30955489 PMCID: PMC6501898 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect the epithelia of skin or mucosa, where they can induce hyperproliferative lesions. More than 220 different HPV types have been characterized and classified into five different genera. Mucosal high-risk HPVs are causative for cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx. Clinical data from patients with the rare genetic disorder epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) indicate that genus beta-HPVs cooperate with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, epidemiological and biological findings indicate that beta-HPV types play a role in UV-mediated skin carcinogenesis also in non-EV individuals. However, the mechanisms used by these cutaneous viruses to promote epithelial carcinogenesis differ significantly from those of mucosal HPVs. Recent studies point to a delicate cross-talk of beta-HPVs with the cell-autonomous immunity of the host keratinocytes and the local immune microenvironment that eventually determines the fate of cutaneous HPV infection and the penetrance of disease. This review gives an overview of the critical interactions of genus beta-HPVs with the local immune system that allow the virus to complete its life cycle, to escape from extrinsic immunity, and eventually to cause chronic inflammation contributing to skin carcinogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- 1 Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008 , France
| | - Stefan Lohse
- 2 Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center , Kirrbergerstr. Building 47, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- 1 Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008 , France
| | - Sigrun Smola
- 2 Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center , Kirrbergerstr. Building 47, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
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10
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de Jong SJ, Créquer A, Matos I, Hum D, Gunasekharan V, Lorenzo L, Jabot-Hanin F, Imahorn E, Arias AA, Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Markle JG, Patin E, D'Amico A, Wang CQF, Full F, Ensser A, Leisner TM, Parise LV, Bouaziz M, Maya NP, Cadena XR, Saka B, Saeidian AH, Aghazadeh N, Zeinali S, Itin P, Krueger JG, Laimins L, Abel L, Fuchs E, Uitto J, Franco JL, Burger B, Orth G, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL. The human CIB1-EVER1-EVER2 complex governs keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to β-papillomaviruses. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2289-2310. [PMID: 30068544 PMCID: PMC6122964 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and biallelic null mutations of TMC6 (encoding EVER1) or TMC8 (EVER2) are selectively prone to disseminated skin lesions due to keratinocyte-tropic human β-papillomaviruses (β-HPVs), which lack E5 and E8. We describe EV patients homozygous for null mutations of the CIB1 gene encoding calcium- and integrin-binding protein-1 (CIB1). CIB1 is strongly expressed in the skin and cultured keratinocytes of controls but not in those of patients. CIB1 forms a complex with EVER1 and EVER2, and CIB1 proteins are not expressed in EVER1- or EVER2-deficient cells. The known functions of EVER1 and EVER2 in human keratinocytes are not dependent on CIB1, and CIB1 deficiency does not impair keratinocyte adhesion or migration. In keratinocytes, the CIB1 protein interacts with the HPV E5 and E8 proteins encoded by α-HPV16 and γ-HPV4, respectively, suggesting that this protein acts as a restriction factor against HPVs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the disruption of CIB1-EVER1-EVER2-dependent keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity underlies the selective susceptibility to β-HPVs of EV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jill de Jong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amandine Créquer
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Irina Matos
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - David Hum
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elias Imahorn
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres A Arias
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janet G Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- National Center for Scientific Research, URA 3012, Paris, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurelia D'Amico
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Claire Q F Wang
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Florian Full
- Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina M Leisner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leslie V Parise
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthieu Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Rueda Cadena
- Dermatology/Oncology - Skin Cancer Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology, Sylvanus Olympio Hospital, University of Lomé, Togo
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nessa Aghazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
- Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lou Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jose Luis Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Bettina Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Orth
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
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11
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de Jong SJ, Imahorn E, Itin P, Uitto J, Orth G, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Burger B. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Inborn Errors of Immunity to Human Beta-Papillomaviruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1222. [PMID: 29946305 PMCID: PMC6005841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder with a phenotype conditional on human beta-papillomavirus (beta-HPV) infection. Such infections are common and asymptomatic in the general population, but in individuals with EV, they lead to the development of plane wart-like and red or brownish papules or pityriasis versicolor-like skin lesions, from childhood onwards. Most patients develop non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), mostly on areas of UV-exposed skin, from the twenties or thirties onwards. At least half of the cases of typical EV are caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations of TMC6/EVER1 or TMC8/EVER2. The cellular and molecular basis of disease in TMC/EVER-deficient patients is unknown, but a defect of keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to beta-HPV is suspected. Indeed, these patients are not susceptible to other infectious diseases and have apparently normal leukocyte development. In contrast, patients with an atypical form of EV due to inborn errors of T-cell immunity invariably develop clinical symptoms of EV in the context of other infectious diseases. The features of the typical and atypical forms of EV thus suggest that the control of beta-HPV infections requires both EVER1/EVER2-dependent keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity and T cell-dependent adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J de Jong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States
| | - Elias Imahorn
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, United States
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, United States.,INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York NY, United States
| | - Bettina Burger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Casanova JL, Abel L. Human genetics of infectious diseases: Unique insights into immunological redundancy. Semin Immunol 2018; 36:1-12. [PMID: 29254755 PMCID: PMC5910248 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For almost any given human-tropic virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, the clinical outcome of primary infection is enormously variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal infection. This variability has long been thought to be largely determined by the germline genetics of the human host, and this is increasingly being demonstrated to be the case. The number and diversity of known inborn errors of immunity is continually increasing, and we focus here on autosomal and X-linked recessive traits underlying complete deficiencies of the encoded protein. Schematically, four types of infectious phenotype have been observed in individuals with such deficiencies, each providing information about the redundancy of the corresponding human gene, in terms of host defense in natural conditions. The lack of a protein can confer vulnerability to a broad range of microbes in most, if not all patients, through the disruption of a key immunological component. In such cases, the gene concerned is of low redundancy. However, the lack of a protein may also confer vulnerability to a narrow range of microbes, sometimes a single pathogen, and not necessarily in all patients. In such cases, the gene concerned is highly redundant. Conversely, the deficiency may be apparently neutral, conferring no detectable predisposition to infection in any individual. In such cases, the gene concerned is completely redundant. Finally, the lack of a protein may, paradoxically, be advantageous to the host, conferring resistance to one or more infections. In such cases, the gene is considered to display beneficial redundancy. These findings reflect the current state of evolution of humans and microbes, and should not be considered predictive of redundancy, or of a lack of redundancy, in the distant future. Nevertheless, these observations are of potential interest to present-day biologists testing immunological hypotheses experimentally and physicians managing patients with immunological or infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU.
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13
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Re-evaluation of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Reconciling more than 90 years of debate. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:1161-1175. [PMID: 28196644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by abnormal susceptibility to cutaneous human beta-papillomavirus infections causing persistent flat warts or pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. This generalized verrucous skin disorder resembles generalized verrucosis, but these 2 conditions are distinguished by differences in clinical manifestation and the human papillomavirus types involved. A breakthrough in our understanding of EV was the discovery that homozygous inactivating mutations in TMC6 (EVER1) and TMC8 (EVER2) determine susceptibility to this disorder; however, they have not solved all EV cases fully. These deficiencies account for 75% of affected individuals, leaving a substantial number of patients without an underlying genetic cause. Recently, it has been revealed that mutations in additional genes (RHOH, MST-1, CORO1A, and IL-7) result in extensive human beta-papillomavirus replication and therefore manifest with an EV-like phenotype. The term "acquired EV" is used to describe an EV-like phenotype that develops in immunocompromised hosts, and the introduction of this entity further aggravates the confusion. Reevaluation of these entities is warranted. Here, we review the available data on this issue, provide up to date information on the major characteristics that differentiate between these seemingly clinically similar disorders, and highlight the different mechanisms involved in each disorder.
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14
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Otrofanowei E, Akinkugbe A, Ayanlowo O. Management challenges of epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a resource-limited setting: A retrospective review. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_94_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Li SL, Duo LN, Wang HJ, Dai W, Zhou EYH, Xu YN, Zhao T, Xiao YY, Xia L, Yang ZH, Zheng LT, Hu YY, Lin ZM, Wang HN, Gao TW, Ma CL, Yang Y, Li CY. Identification of LCK mutation in a family with atypical epidermodysplasia verruciformis with T-cell defects and virus-induced squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1204-1209. [PMID: 27087313 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare skin disorder characterized by susceptibility to specific types of human papilloma virus (HPV) and is strongly associated with skin carcinomas. Inactivating mutations in EVER1/EVER2 account for most cases of EV. However, more phenotypes related to but distinct from EV have been reported with an immunodeficiency state but without EVER1/EVER2 mutation, and the genetic basis for these atypical EV cases is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To identify the causative gene responsible for three siblings affected by atypical EV but without EVER1/EVER2 mutation. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the gene responsible for the patients with atypical EV enrolled in our study. RESULTS A homozygous splicing mutation was detected in LCK (c.188-2A>G). This mutation resulted in an exon 3 deletion T lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase isoform, which further led to frameshift mutation and subsequent mRNA decay. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel mutation in LCK in a family affected by atypical EV with T-cell defects, HPV infection and virus-induced malignancy, providing new clues in the understanding of host defences against HPV and better genetic counselling of patients with the EV phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - L-N Duo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H-J Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - W Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - E-Y H Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Y-N Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - T Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y-Y Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - L Xia
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Z-H Yang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - L-T Zheng
- Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Hu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Z-M Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - H-N Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - T-W Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - C-L Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C-Y Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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The EVER genes - the genetic etiology of carcinogenesis in epidermodysplasia verruciformis and a possible role in non-epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:75-80. [PMID: 27279814 PMCID: PMC4884774 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.59145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the two adjacent novel EVER1 and EVER2 genes have been identified, whose mutations are responsible for the development of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare, autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with increased risk of skin carcinoma. Up to now 7 mutations in the EVER1 gene and 5 mutations in the EVER2 gene have been identified only in EV. It was also determined that the EVER genes belong to a novel gene family, the transmembrane channel-like (TMC) family, and are responsible for properly functioning zinc homeostasis. These observations have given new insights into EV pathogenesis.
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17
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Jackson CC, Dickson MA, Sadjadi M, Gessain A, Abel L, Jouanguy E, Casanova J. Kaposi Sarcoma of Childhood: Inborn or Acquired Immunodeficiency to Oncogenic HHV-8. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:392-7. [PMID: 26469702 PMCID: PMC4984265 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial malignancy caused by human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection. The epidemic and iatrogenic forms of childhood KS result from a profound and acquired T cell deficiency. Recent studies have shown that classic KS of childhood can result from rare single-gene inborn errors of immunity, with mutations in WAS, IFNGR1, STIM1, and TNFRSF4. The pathogenesis of the endemic form of childhood KS has remained elusive. We review childhood KS pathogenesis and its relationship to inherited and acquired immunodeficiency to oncogenic HHV-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C. Jackson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Department of PediatricsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York
| | - Mark A. Dickson
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York
- Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York
| | - Mahan Sadjadi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unit of Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic VirusesInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesRockefeller BranchThe Rockefeller UniversityNew York
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious DiseasesNecker BranchINSERM U1163ParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityImagine InstituteParisFrance
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Pediatric Hematology‐Immunology UnitNecker Hospital for Sick ChildrenParisFrance
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18
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Identification of important long non-coding RNAs and highly recurrent aberrant alternative splicing events in hepatocellular carcinoma through integrative analysis of multiple RNA-Seq datasets. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:1035-51. [PMID: 26711644 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and deadly cancer. The molecular pathogenesis of the disease remains poorly understood. To better understand HCC biology and explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, we investigated the whole transcriptome of HCC. Considering the genetic heterogeneity of HCC, four datasets from four studies consisting of 15 pairs of HCC and adjacent normal samples were analyzed. We observed that the number of lncRNAs expressed in each HCC sample was consistently greater than the adjacent normal sample. Moreover, 15 lncRNAs were identified expressed in five to seven HCC tissues but were not detected in any adjacent normal tissue. Differential expression analysis detected 35 up- and 80 down-regulated lncRNAs in HCC samples compared with adjacent normal samples. In addition, five differentially expressed lncRNAs were predicted to play a role in oxidation and reduction process. With regard to splicing alterations, we identified nine highly recurrent differential splicing events belonging to eight genes USO1, RPS24, CCDC50, THNSL2, NUMB, FN1 (two events), SLC39A14 and NR1I3. Of them, splicing alterations of SLC39A14 and NR1I3 were reported for the association with HCC for the first time. The splicing dysregulation in HCC may be influenced by three splicing factors ESRP2, CELF2 and SRSF5 which were significantly down-regulated in HCC samples. This study revealed uncharacterized aspects of HCC transcriptome and identified important lncRNAs and splicing isoforms with the potential to serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease.
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19
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Casanova JL. Severe infectious diseases of childhood as monogenic inborn errors of immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E7128-37. [PMID: 26621750 PMCID: PMC4697435 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521651112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the developments that have occurred in the field of human genetics of infectious diseases from the second half of the 20th century onward. In particular, it stresses and explains the importance of the recently described monogenic inborn errors of immunity underlying resistance or susceptibility to specific infections. The monogenic component of the genetic theory provides a plausible explanation for the occurrence of severe infectious diseases during primary infection. Over the last 20 y, increasing numbers of life-threatening infectious diseases striking otherwise healthy children, adolescents, and even young adults have been attributed to single-gene inborn errors of immunity. These studies were inspired by seminal but neglected findings in plant and animal infections. Infectious diseases typically manifest as sporadic traits because human genotypes often display incomplete penetrance (most genetically predisposed individuals remain healthy) and variable expressivity (different infections can be allelic at the same locus). Infectious diseases of childhood, once thought to be archetypal environmental diseases, actually may be among the most genetically determined conditions of mankind. This nascent and testable notion has interesting medical and biological implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/genetics
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Child
- Complement System Proteins/genetics
- Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/genetics
- Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/genetics
- Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/immunology
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Infections/genetics
- Infections/immunology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/immunology
- Malaria/genetics
- Malaria/immunology
- Models, Genetic
- Models, Immunological
- Mycobacterium Infections/genetics
- Mycobacterium Infections/immunology
- Neisseria/immunology
- Neisseria/pathogenicity
- Pneumococcal Infections/genetics
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Tinea/genetics
- Tinea/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
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20
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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21
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A coding variant in TMC8 (EVER2) is associated with high risk HPV infection and head and neck cancer risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123716. [PMID: 25853559 PMCID: PMC4390289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV infection is a causal agent in many epithelial cancers, yet our understanding of genetic susceptibility to HPV infection and resultant cancer risk is limited. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis is a rare condition of extreme susceptibility to cutaneous HPV infection primarily attributable to mutations in TMC6 and TMC8. Genetic variation in the TMC6/TMC8 region has been linked to beta-type HPV infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical cancer, HPV persistence and progression to cervical cancer. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that the common TMC8 SNP rs7208422 is associated with high-risk HPV infection and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Seropositivity to the HPV L1 protein (HPV16, 18, 11, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58) was measured in 514 cases and 452 population-based controls. Genotype was significantly associated with seropositivity to HPV18 L1 (OR TT vs AA = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.22–0.99) and borderline significantly associated with HPV16 L1 (OR TT vs AA = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.22–1.17). There was a consistent inverse association between TMC8 genotype and infection with other HPV types, including statistically significant associations for HPV31 and HPV52. Consistent with these results, the variant T genotype was associated with a reduced risk of HNSCC (ORAT: 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.89, ORTT: 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.81), even among subjects seronegative for all HPV types (ORAT: 0.71, 95% CI 0.45–1.11, ORTT: 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.93). Our data indicate that common genetic variation in TMC8 is associated with high-risk HPV infection and HNSCC etiology.
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Quint KD, Genders RE, de Koning MNC, Borgogna C, Gariglio M, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Doorbar J, Feltkamp MC. Human Beta-papillomavirus infection and keratinocyte carcinomas. J Pathol 2015; 235:342-54. [PMID: 25131163 DOI: 10.1002/path.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of oncogenic human Alpha-papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of mucosal carcinomas at different body sites (eg cervix, anus, oropharynx) is fully recognized, a role for HPV in keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs; basal and squamous cell carcinomas) of the skin is not yet clear. KCs are the most common cancers in Caucasians, with the major risk factor being ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. A possible role for Beta-HPV types (BetaPV) in the development of KC was suggested several decades ago, supported by a number of epidemiological studies. Our current review summarizes the recent molecular and histopathological evidence in support of a causal association between BetaPV and the development of KC, and outlines the suspected synergistic effect of viral gene expression with UV radiation and immune suppression. Further insights into the molecular pathways and protein interactions used by BetaPV and the host cell is likely to extend our understanding of the role of BetaPV in KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Frecha C, Chevalier SA, van Uden P, Rubio I, Siouda M, Saidj D, Cohen C, Lomonte P, Accardi R, Tommasino M. Expression of the epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated genes EVER1 and EVER2 is activated by exogenous DNA and inhibited by LMP1 oncoprotein from Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 2015; 89:1461-7. [PMID: 25378492 PMCID: PMC4300658 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02936-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
EVER1 and EVER2 are mutated in epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients, who are susceptible to human betapapillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is unknown whether their products control the infection of other viruses. Here, we show that the expression of both genes in B cells is activated immediately after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas at later stages, it is strongly repressed via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Ectopic expression of EVER1 impairs the ability of EBV to infect B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Frecha
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien A Chevalier
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick van Uden
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ivonne Rubio
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maha Siouda
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Djamel Saidj
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Cohen
- Virus & Centromère Team, Centre de Génétique et Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR5534, Lyon, France Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France Laboratoire d'Excellence, LabEX DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Lomonte
- Virus & Centromère Team, Centre de Génétique et Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR5534, Lyon, France Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France Laboratoire d'Excellence, LabEX DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Section of Infections, Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Vineretsky KA, Karagas MR, Kuriger-Laber JK, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Nelson HH. HLA-C -35kb expression SNP is associated with differential control of β-HPV infection in squamous cell carcinoma cases and controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103710. [PMID: 25083782 PMCID: PMC4118903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 35 kb upstream of the HLA-C gene is associated with HLA-C expression, and the high expressing genotype (CC) has been associated with HIV-I control. HLA-C is unique among the classical MHC class I molecules for its role in the control of viral infections and recognition of abnormal or missing self. This immunosurveillance is central to the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in particular. While sun exposure is a major risk factor for these cancers, cutaneous infections with genus β-HPV have been implicated in the development of SCC. We hypothesized that the high expression HLA-C genotype is associated with β-HPV infections. Therefore, we investigated the association between β-HPV serology and the -35 kb SNP (rs9264942) in a population-based case-control study of 510 SCC cases and 608 controls. Among controls, the high expression -35 kb SNP genotype (CC) reduced the likelihood of positive serology for multiple (≥2) β-HPV infections (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.97), and β-HPV species 2 infection (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.79). However, no association with β-HPV status was observed among SCC cases. Our findings suggest that underlying immunogenotype plays an important role in differential control of β-HPV in SCC cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. Vineretsky
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn K. Kuriger-Laber
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heather H. Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Horton JS, Stokes AJ. The transmembrane channel-like protein family and human papillomaviruses: Insights into epidermodysplasia verruciformis and progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28288. [PMID: 24800179 PMCID: PMC4006860 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by increased sensitivity to infection by the β-subtype of human papillomaviruses (β-HPVs), causing persistent, tinea versicolor-like dermal lesions. In a majority of affected individuals, these macular lesions progress to invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in sun-exposed areas. While mutations in transmembrane channel-like 6 (TMC6 / EVER1) and 8 (TMC8 / EVER2) have been causally linked to EV, their molecular functions are unclear. It is likely that their protective effects involve regulation of the β-HPV life cycle, host keratinocyte apoptosis vs. survival balance and/or T-cell interaction with infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Horton
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine; John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu, HI USA ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Alexander J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine; John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu, HI USA ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu, HI USA ; Chaminade University; Honolulu, HI USA
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Bustamante J, Puel A, Boisson-Dupuis S, Jouanguy E, Zhang SY, Casanova JL, Picard C. Prédisposition génétique aux maladies infectieuses chez l’homme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immbio.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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