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Chavarria D, Benfeito S, Soares P, Lima C, Garrido J, Serrão P, Soares-da-Silva P, Remião F, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Boosting caffeic acid performance as antioxidant and monoamine oxidase B/catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114740. [PMID: 36116233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) and depletion of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) are closely linked to the neurodegeneration observed in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Caffeic acid (CA)-based antioxidants were developed, and their inhibitory activities towards monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and catechol O-methyltransferases (COMT) were screened. The results showed that the incorporation of an extra double bond maintained or even boosted the antioxidant properties of CA. α-CN derivatives displayed redox potentials (Ep) similar to CA (1) and inhibited hMAO-B with low μM IC50 values. Moreover, catechol amides acted as MB-COMT inhibitors, showing IC50 values within the low μM range. In general, CA derivatives presented safe cytotoxicity profiles at concentrations up to 10 μM. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by CA derivatives may be underlying the cytotoxic effects observed at higher concentrations. Catechol amides 3-6, 8-11 at 10 μM protected cells against oxidative damage. Compounds 3 and 8 were predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by passive diffusion. In summary, we report for the first time BBB-permeant CA-based multitarget lead compounds that may restore DAergic neurotransmission (dual hMAO-B/MB-COMT inhibition) and prevent oxidative damage. The data represents a groundbreaking advancement towards the discovery of the next generation of new drugs for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Lima
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology. University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Li B, Varkani KN, Sun L, Zhou B, Wang X, Guo L, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Protective role of maize purple plant pigment against oxidative stress in fluorosis rat brain. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:89-95. [PMID: 33335753 PMCID: PMC7711974 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In fluorosis-endemic areas, exposure to high levels of fluoride causes
neurotoxicity such as lowered intelligence and cognitive impairment. Oxidative
damage is critical to pathophysiologic processes of fluoride intoxication, and
neurotoxicity of fluoride may be associated with oxidative stress. In previous
studies, maize purple plant pigment (MPPP), which was rich in anthocyanins,
showed a strong scavenging activity in vitro and in
vivo. The present study aimed to determine whether treatment with
MPPP can alleviate fluoride-induced oxidative damage in rat brain. After 3
months of experiment, brain tissues were assayed for oxidative stress variables,
histological and Western blotting examinations. Our results showed that MPPP
reduced the elevated malondialdehyde levels, increased superoxide dismutase
activity, and further attenuated histopathological alterations and mitigated
neuronal apoptosis. Importantly, MPPP also reversed changes in Bax and Bcl-2.
Therefore, it was speculated that MPPP protects brain tissue from fluoride
toxicity through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Keyana Nozzari Varkani
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of International Education, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Radiological Health, Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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3
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Yang K, Qi X, He M, Song K, Luo F, Qu X, Wang G, Ling F. Dietary supplementation of salidroside increases immune response and disease resistance of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:1-7. [PMID: 32731013 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some medicinal plants have been known as immunostimulants, and the medicinal plants extract has been used to control the outbreak of the disease in aquaculture for many years. In this study, a total of 270 crucian carp (30 ± 5 g) were randomly distributed in 9 aquaria (55 cm l × 40 cm w × 50 cm h) and divided into three feeding groups including 0 (Control), 50 mg kg-1 (Diet A) and 100 mg kg-1 (Diet B) of salidroside. The expression of immune-related genes (IL-1β, TNFα, MYD88, CXCL-8, TGF-β, and IL-11) in the kidney had a significant increase when the crucian carp fed with Diet B for 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, and CXCL-8 in the spleen was significantly up-regulated when the fish fed with Diet B (P < 0.05). Higher serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and complement C3 content were found in the fish which fed with salidroside-supplemented diet. Our results also proved that fish fed with salidroside-supplemented diet for four weeks, especially at a concentration of 100 mg kg-1 diet, improved the protection of crucian carp against A. hydrophila. The amount of A. hydrophila in the kidney and spleen was significantly decreased in salidroside-supplemented diet groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that the addition of salidroside for four weeks can improve the immune response of crucian carp and increase the protection against the pathogen, especially at the concentration of 100 mg kg-1 diet. The protective effect of the salidroside to the crucian carp could be used as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling fish diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechen Yang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhou Qi
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Maosheng He
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kaige Song
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Qu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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4
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Wang X, Ren Y, Du X, Song L, Chen F, Su F. Effects of late-onset dietary intake of salidroside on insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway of the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104233. [PMID: 32858432 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (SDS) is the main active ingredient of Rhodiola which has many biological functions including anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, and immune regulation activities. Our last paper demonstrated that SDS prolonged longevity of the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri, a promising vertebrate model for anti-aging research. However, little is known about its effect on insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway (IIS pathway). In this study, we show that SDS is able to decrease accumulation of SA-β-Gal. We also show that SDS administraton could reduce the expression levels of Igf-1 and Igf-1R, downregulate the expressions of p-PI3K and p-Akt and upregulate the expression levels of Sirt1 and Foxo3a, both of which are the downstream regulators of the IIS pathway. We also find that SDS could alleviate DNA damage, which could result in increased expression of transcription factor Foxo3a. Collectively, these data indicate that SDS may take part in the IIS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Du
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, 22 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Lili Song
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fushan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Feng Su
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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5
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Chen SY, Gao Y, Sun JY, Meng XL, Yang D, Fan LH, Xiang L, Wang P. Traditional Chinese Medicine: Role in Reducing β-Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32390843 PMCID: PMC7188934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The major characteristics of AD are amyloid β plaques, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are mostly used as the significant indicators for selecting the effects of potential drugs. It is imperative to explain AD pathogenesis and realize productive treatments. Although the currently used chemical drugs for clinical applications of AD are effective in managing the symptoms, they are inadequate to achieve anticipated preventive or therapeutic outcomes. There are new strategies for treating AD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated thousands of years of experience in treating dementia. Nowadays, numerous modern pharmacological studies have verified the efficacy of many bioactive ingredients isolated from TCM for AD treatment. In this review, representative TCM for the treatment of AD are discussed, and among these herbal medicines, the Lamiaceae family accounts for the highest proportion. It is concluded that monomers and extracts from TCM have potential therapeutic effect for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Hong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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6
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Chen HI, Ou HC, Chen CY, Yu SH, Cheng SM, Wu XB, Lee SD. Neuroprotective Effect of Rhodiola crenulata in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:373-390. [PMID: 32138536 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata grows at high altitudes in the Arctic and mountainous regions and is commonly used in phytotherapy in Eastern European and Asian countries. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of Rhodiola crenulata and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging. Two groups of twelve-week-old male Wistar rats received a daily injection of D-galactose (150mg/kg/day, i.p.) and orally administered Rhodiola crenulata (0, 248mg/kg/day) for eight weeks, while a control group received a saline injection (1ml/kg/day, i.p.). We examined apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus of three groups of rats based on a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive assay. The expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins in excised brains were analyzed by Western blotting. Our findings indicated that D-galactose caused marked neuronal apoptosis via activation of both extrinsic-dependent and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways. When compared to the control group, the protein levels of Fas receptor, Fas ligand, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and activated caspase-8 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as those of t-Bid, Bax, cytochrome c, activated caspase-9, and activated caspase-3 (mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways), were significantly increased in the D-galactose treated group. In addition, D-galactose impaired the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt, an important survival signaling event in neurons. Rhodiola crenulata, however, protected against all these neurotoxicities in aging brains. The present study suggests that neuronal survival promoted by Rhodiola crenulata may be a potentially effective method to enhance the resistance of neurons to age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hong Yu
- College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Bo Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P. R. China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Yang L, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang C, Mao T, Liu S, Tian Z. Anti-gastric cancer effect of Salidroside through elevating miR-99a expression. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3500-3510. [PMID: 31432697 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1652626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside is an active ingredient extracted from Rhodiola rosea that has anti-tumor activities. The current paper attempted to assess the impact of Salidroside on gastric cancer (GC) and explore the potential mechanism. GC cell lines (SNU-216 and MGC803) and gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were treated with Salidroside. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay were respectively performed to evaluate GC cells phenotype. qRT-PCR and western blot were conducted to reveal the downstream genes and signaling of Salidroside. We found that 800 μM Salidroside was capable of reducing GC cells viability, while has no such impacts on GES-1 cells. Salidroside inhibited GC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis, which coupled with the down-regulation of p21, Bcl-2, MMP2, RhoA, p-ROCK1, Vimentin and the up-regulations of CyclinD1, Bax, cleaved caspases. miR-99a was found to be highly expressed in response to Salidroside treatment. Besides, the inhibition of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling induced by Salidroside was attenuated by miR-99a silence and in this process, IGF1R worked as a target of miR-99a. The anti-GC effect of Salidroside was also confirmed in a mouse model of GC. The promoting effect of Salidroside on miR-99a expression was also verified in vivo. Furthermore, Salidroside promoted the cisplatin-sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Salidroside possessed anti-GC effects through regulating miR-99a/IGF1R axis and inhibiting MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Siliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
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8
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Ding X, Wang W, Chen J, Zhao Q, Lu P, Lu L. Salidroside protects inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons from manganese exposure by regulating ROS levels and inhibiting apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:51-60. [PMID: 30991096 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential cofactor for many enzymes and thus plays an important role in normal growth and development. However, persistent exposure to high Mn concentrations can result in deleterious effects on not only the central nervous system but also peripheral nerves, including nerves associated with the auditory system. Our initial research on cochlear organotypic cultures in vitro showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) clearly decreases Mn-induced losses in hair cells (HCs), auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in a concentration-dependent manner. Salidroside (SAL) (p-hydroxyphenethyl-b-d-glucoside; C14H20O7), which is extracted from Rhodiola rosea L, has many pharmacological actions and antioxidative, antiaging, neuroprotective and anticancer effects. We hypothesized that SAL could also protect HCs, ANFs and SGNs from Mn injury. Cochlear organotypic cultures were treated with 1 mM Mn alone or combined with SAL (1-1000 μM). The neurofilament staining results showed that HCs, ANFs and SGNs were seriously damaged at high concentrations (100-1000 μM) but less damaged at low concentrations (1-10 μM). SAL may protect against 1 mM Mn-induced HC loss and axonal degeneration, suggesting that SAL could be a promising drug for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Peiheng Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lianjun Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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9
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Rhodiola rosea, a protective antioxidant for intense physical exercise: An in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Kapoor S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj P, Sood H, Saxena S, Chaurasia OP. Enhanced Production of Phenolic Compounds in Compact Callus Aggregate Suspension Cultures of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:817-837. [PMID: 30090988 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. It is used for the treatment of numerous health ailments. Compact callus aggregate (CCA) suspension cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established to counter extinction threats and for production of therapeutically valuable phenolic compounds to meet their increasing industrial demands. The present study also investigated the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) on production of phenolic compounds and bioactivities in CCA suspension cultures. CCA suspension cultures established in an optimized Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 3 mg/l NAA, and 3 mg/l BAP showed maximum biomass accumulation (8.43 g/l DW) and highest salidroside production (3.37 mg/g DW). Upon 100 μM JA treatment, salidroside production (5.25 mg/g DW), total phenolic content (14.69 mg CHA/g DW), total flavonoid content (4.95 mg RE/g DW), and ascorbic acid content (17.93 mg/g DW) were significantly increased in cultures. In addition, DPPH-scavenging activity (56.32%) and total antioxidant capacity (60.45 mg QE/g DW) were significantly enhanced upon JA treatment, and this was positively correlated with increased accumulation of phenolic compounds. JA-elicited cultures exhibited highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This is the first report describing the enhanced production of phenolic compounds and bioactivities from JA-elicited CCA suspension cultures of Rhodiola imbricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kapoor
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Pushpender Bhardwaj
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Hemant Sood
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat (Solan), Himachal Pradesh, 173215, India.
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Om Prakash Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
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11
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Influence of light quality on growth, secondary metabolites production and antioxidant activity in callus culture of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:258-265. [PMID: 29747145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal herb well-known for its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties due to the presence of a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids. These secondary metabolites are generating considerable interest due to their potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The present study investigated the influence of light quality on growth, production of industrially important secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. Callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established under different light conditions: 100% red, 100% blue, 100% green, RGB (40% red: 40% green: 20% blue) and 100% white (control). The results showed that the callus cultures grown under red light accumulated maximum amount of biomass (7.43 g/l) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. Maximum specific growth rate (0.126 days-1) and doubling time (132.66 h) was observed in callus cultures grown under red light. Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of Salidroside (3.12 mg/g DW) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of total phenolics (11.84 mg CHA/g DW) and total flavonoids (5.53 mg RE/g DW), as compared to other light conditions. Additionally, callus cultures grown under blue light displayed enhanced DPPH free radical scavenging activity (53.50%). Callus cultures grown under different light conditions showed no significant difference in ascorbic acid content (11.05-13.90 mg/g DW) and total antioxidant capacity (27.37-30.17 mg QE/g DW). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in callus cultures (r = 0.85). Taken together, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of light quality on biomass accumulation and production of industrially important secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. This study will open new avenues and perspectives towards abiotic elicitation strategies for sustainable growth and enhanced production of bioactive compounds in in-vitro cultures of Rhodiola imbricata.
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Salidroside suppresses solar ultraviolet-induced skin inflammation by targeting cyclooxygenase-2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25971-82. [PMID: 27028995 PMCID: PMC5041958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (SUV) irradiation causes skin disorders such as inflammation, photoaging, and carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in SUV-induced skin inflammation, and targeting COX-2 may be a strategy to prevent skin disorders. In this study, we found that the expression of COX-2, phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs were increased in human solar dermatitis tissues and SUV-irradiated human skin keratinocyte HaCaT cells and mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. Knocking down COX-2 inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs in SUV-irradiated cells, which indicated that COX-2 is not only the key enzyme for PGs synthesis, but also an upstream regulator of p38 or JNKs after SUV irradiation. The virtual ligand screening assay was used to search for natural drugs in the Chinese Medicine Database, and indicated that salidroside might be a COX-2 inhibitor. Molecule modeling indicated that salidroside can directly bind with COX-2, which was proved by in vitro pull-down binding assay. Ex vivo studies showed that salidroside has no toxicity to cells, and inhibits the production of PGE2, phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs, and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) caused by SUV irradiation. In vivo studies demonstrated that salidroside attenuates the skin inflammation induced by SUV. In brief, our data provided the evidences for the protective role of salidroside against SUV-induced inflammation by targeting COX-2, and salidroside might be a promising drug for the treatment of SUV-induced skin inflammation.
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Time-dependent effects of late-onset dietary intake of salidroside on lifespan and age-related biomarkers of the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14882-14894. [PMID: 29599913 PMCID: PMC5871084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most studied and widely accepted conjectures of aging process is the oxidative stress theory. Previous studies have shown that salidroside can protect D-galactose-induced mouse model against aging and a formulation of Rhodiola rosea extracts (SHR-5) containing salidroside increases lifespan of fruit fly. However, direct evidence linking salidroside itself with the observed anti-aging effect in vivo and relevant molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In this study, we first demonstrated that salidroside exhibited a time-dependent effect, and late-onset long-term salidroside dietary intake extended the lifespan in the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. We then showed that salidroside reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin in the gills as well as the levels of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the muscles; enhanced the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the fish; and decelerated the increase of P66shc, a critical factor for regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species contents. Collectively, these data indicate that salidroside can prolong the lifespan and retard the onset of age-related biomarkers via the antioxidant system in aging fish. It also suggests that salidroside may have a potential usefulness in prolonging the lifespan of the elderly.
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Hong HD, Kim JC, Lim TG, Song YR, Cho CW, Jang M. Mixing ratio optimization for functional complex extracts of Rhodiola crenulata, Panax quinquefolius, and Astragalus membranaceus using mixture design and verification of immune functional efficacy in animal models. J Funct Foods 2018; 40:447-454. [PMID: 32288793 PMCID: PMC7105012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the optimum mixing ratio for various ingredients to obtain complex extracts with high extract yields and immune-enhancing activity in animals. The extract yield and amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 were set to maximum for modeling predictions. The predicted optimum values for the mixing ratio were 49.5% for Rhodiola crenulata, 26.1% for Astragalus membranaceus, and 24.4% for Panax quinquefolius, and the predicted response values were 31.5% yield, 13.4% NO production, and 6.1% IL-6 production; actual values were 35.3% yield, 14.7% NO, and 6.6% IL-6. The optimum mixing ratio extract (OMRE) was used for the animal experiments. Treating mice with OMRE at 200 mg/kg produced significant increases in spleen indexes and T-cell/B-cell proliferation. OMRE treatment increased IL-10 and IL-6 production in concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced T- and B- lymphocytes, respectively. These results provide a basis for the development of functional extracts and drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
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Salidroside protects rat liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating the GSK-3β/Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and mitochondrial permeability transition. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 806:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang JM, Qu ZQ, Wu JL, Chung P, Zeng YS. Mitochondrial protective and anti-apoptotic effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on hippocampal neurons in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:2025-2034. [PMID: 29323042 PMCID: PMC5784351 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that the edible alcohol extract of the root of the medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata (RCE) improved spatial cognition in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Another study from our laboratory showed that RCE enhanced neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and prevented damage to hippocampal neurons in a rat model of chronic stress-induced depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RCE are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of RCE and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. The rats were pre-administered RCE at doses of 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 g/kg for 21 days before model establishment. ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were significantly decreased in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, neuronal injury was obvious in the hippocampus, with the presence of a large number of apoptotic neurons. In comparison, in rats given RCE pretreatment, ATP and cytochrome c oxidase levels were markedly increased, the number of apoptotic neurons was reduced, and mitochondrial injury was mitigated. The 3.0 g/kg dose of RCE had the optimal effect. These findings suggest that pretreatment with RCE prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Qiang Qu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Lang Wu
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peter Chung
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin mimetics: Natural alternatives to erythrocyte and platelet disorders. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:175-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Yang SM, Wang T, Wen DG, Hou JQ, Li HB. Protective effect of Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides on cryopreserved boar sperm. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 135:44-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li T, He X. Quantitative Analysis of Salidroside and p-Tyrosol in the Traditional Tibetan Medicine Rhodiola crenulata by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:289-96. [PMID: 27039830 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | - Xuan He
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
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20
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Chen C, Lin T, Shieh Y. Emulsification and antioxidation of biosurfactant extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs fermentation in vitro. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:387-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Angiomodulatory properties of Rhodiola spp. and other natural antioxidants. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:249-62. [PMID: 26557041 PMCID: PMC4637400 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.52839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of angiogenesis and oxidative stress can lead to many serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes or ischemic heart disease. Substances neutralizing oxidative stress are known as antioxidants. They can affect angiogenesis process also, and thus, they modulate therapy results. Antioxidants become more and more frequently used in order to maintain homeostasis of the organism and diminish the risk of disease. Herein, we introduce some antioxidant preparations of natural plant origin (Rhodiola, Aloe vera, Resveratrol, Echinacea, Plumbagin) and antioxidant supplements (Padma 28, Reumaherb, Resvega). Analyses of their angiogenic properties, their multidirectional molecular effect on angiogenesis as well as medical application are within the scope of this review. Most of presented preparations down regulate neovascularization. They can be safely administered to patients with abnormally high angiogenesis. Rhodiola modulates, and Echinacea, Aloe vera and Plumbagin inhibit tumour-related angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo (animal models). Resveratrol and Resvega reduce neovascularization in the eye and may be applicable in eye disorders. Padma 28 preparation exhibits angioregulatory activity, decreasing high angiogenesis of cancer cells and increasing physiological angiogenesis, therefore can be used in therapy of patients with various disturbances of angiogenesis. Antioxidant application in the case of angiogenesis-related diseases should take into consideration angiogenic status of the patient.
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Choudhary A, Kumar R, Srivastava RB, Surapaneni SK, Tikoo K, Singh IP. Isolation and characterization of phenolic compounds from Rhodiola imbricata, a Trans-Himalayan food crop having antioxidant and anticancer potential. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chiang HM, Chen HC, Wu CS, Wu PY, Wen KC. Rhodiola plants: Chemistry and biological activity. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:359-369. [PMID: 28911692 PMCID: PMC9351785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola is a genus of medicinal plants that originated in Asia and Europe and are used traditionally as adaptogens, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory remedies. Rhodiola plants are rich in polyphenols, and salidroside and tyrosol are the primary bioactive marker compounds in the standardized extracts of Rhodiola rosea. This review article summarizes the bioactivities, including adaptogenic, antifatigue, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinoception, and anticancer activities, and the modulation of immune function of Rhodiola plants and its two constituents, as well as their potential to prevent cardiovascular, neuronal, liver, and skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chun Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Wu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Effects of Rhodiola on production, health and gut development of broilers reared at high altitude in Tibet. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7166. [PMID: 25418541 PMCID: PMC4241511 DOI: 10.1038/srep07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola has long been used as a traditional medicine to increase resistance to physical stress in humans in Tibet. The current study was designed to investigate whether Rhodiola crenulata (R. crenulata) could alleviate the negative effects of hypoxia on broiler chickens reared in Tibet Plateau. The effect of supplementing crushed roots of R. crenulata on production performance, health and intestinal morphology in commercial male broilers was investigated. Dietary treatments included CTL (basal diet), Low-R (basal diet + 0.5% R. crenulata) and High-R (basal diet + 1.5% R. crenulata). In comparison with broilers fed the control diet, Low-R had no effect on production performance while High-R significantly decreased average daily feed intake at d 14, 28 and 42, body weight at d 28 and 42 and gut development. Ascites induced mortality did not differ among treatments. Nevertheless Low-R significantly reduced non-ascites induced mortality and total mortality compared with broilers fed CTL and High-R diets. Broilers fed the High-R diet had significantly increased blood red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels at 28 d compared with other treatments. Our results suggest that supplementation with Rhodiola might reduce the effects of hypoxia on broilers and consequently decrease mortality rate.
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Senthilkumar R, Chandran R, Parimelazhagan T. Hepatoprotective effect of Rhodiola imbricata rhizome against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:409-16. [PMID: 25313275 PMCID: PMC4191600 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a perennial herb of the family Crassulaceae, which has significant traditional usage as medicine and is also known to biosynthesize phytochemicals such as flavonoids, coumarins and phenyl glycosides. The present investigation was aimed to estimate the hepatoprotective activity of R. imbricata rhizome acetone extract against paracetamol (2 g/kg) induced liver toxicity. Paracetamol was administered to induce hepatic damage in Wistar rats. 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of rhizome acetone extract and silymarin (25 mg/kg) were used as treatment groups. The blood samples were analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatic injury and tissue samples were subjected for estimation of liver antioxidants and histopathological studies. Analysis of the extract treated rats (400 mg/kg) showed an elevation of superoxide dismutase (0.326 units/min/mg protein), catalase (185.03 μmole of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein), glutothione peroxidase (19.26 mg GSH consumed/min/mg protein) and reduced glutathione (16.2 μmole of GSH/mg protein). Moreover, the biochemical parameters in serum like alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and lipid profiles were also improved in treated groups compared to the control. The oral administration of different doses of rhizome acetone extract significantly protected the hepatic cells from damage. The hematological and biochemical parameters were also normal in extract treated rats compared to the control and standard (silymarin) groups. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of some important phenolic compounds which could be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity. This study proved that R. imbricata could be taken as a good natural source of the hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
- Department of Botany, Bioprospecting Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Guo N, Zhu M, Han X, Sui D, Wang Y, Yang Q. The metabolism of salidroside to its aglycone p-tyrosol in rats following the administration of salidroside. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103648. [PMID: 25101641 PMCID: PMC4125138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside is one of the major phenolic glycosides in Rhodiola, which has been reported to possess various biological activities. In the present study the in vivo deglycosylation metabolism of salidroside was investigated and its aglycone p-tyrosol but not the original salidroside was identified as the main form in rat tissues following the administration of salidroside. After the i.v. administration of salidroside at a dose of 50 mg/kg in rats, salidroside was quantified only in the liver, kidney and heart tissues. The highest level of p-tyrosol was detected in the heart, followed by the spleen, kidney, liver and lungs, in order. Salidroside was detected only in the liver, in contrast, p-tyrosol was detectable in most tissues except the brain, and the kidney tissues contained a significant amount of p-tyrosol compared to the other tissues after the i.g. administration of 100 mg/kg salidroside. The excretion behaviour revealed that the administrated salidroside mainly eliminated in the form of salidroside but not its aglycone metabolite p-tyrosol through urine. After i.v. and i.g. administration in rats, 64.00% and 23.80% of the total dose was excreted through urine in the form of salidroside, respectively. In addition, 0.19% and 2.25% of the dose was excreted in the form of p-tyrosol through urine after i.v. and i.g. administration, respectively. The faecal salidroside and p-tyrosol concentrations were 0.3% and 1.48% of the total dose after i.v. administration, respectively. After the i.g. administration of salidroside, trace salidroside and p-tyrosol were quantified in faeces within 72 h. In addition, the biliary excretion levels of salidroside after i.v. and i.g. administration were 2.86% and 0.02% of the dose, respectively. The obtained results show that salidroside was extensively metabolised to its aglycone p-tyrosol and distributed to various organs and the original salidroside was cleared rapidly through urine following the administration of salidroside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Meixuan Zhu
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Sui
- Management Office of Laboratory and Equipment (Center of Analysis and Testing), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (QY)
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (QY)
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Diwaker D, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Rhodiola inhibits dengue virus multiplication by inducing innate immune response genes RIG-I, MDA5 and ISG in human monocytes. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1975-86. [PMID: 24590566 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of virus infection by retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA) 5, which are RNA helicases, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 activates cascades of signal transduction pathways leading to production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines that orchestrate the elimination of the viruses. However, it has been demonstrated that RNA-helicase-mediated innate immunity plays an essential role in defending the host from infection. In our efforts to identify plant-derived antivirals that selectively enhance ISG- and RNA-helicase-mediated antiviral immune responses, we identified a plant, rhodiola, that significantly promoted ISG, RIG-I and MDA 5 gene expression and an antiviral immune response against dengue virus (DENV) infection. Rhodiola induced interferon (IFN) β and other cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, in infected cells. It was also found that rhodiola upregulated phosphorylated eIF-2α, PKR and NF-kB in infected cells. In addition, the number of NK cells was also increased by rhodiola treatment in dengue-virus-infected human PBMCs. Treatment with a crude extract of rhodiola (RAE) resulted in effects in the 20 % range, which is similar to the magnitude of the same effects observed in DENV infections. Taken together, our results imply that rhodiola induces pharmacological modulation of RIG-I, MDA 5 and ISG signal transduction pathways in favor of the induction of a beneficial antiviral immune response against dengue virus, which can be a novel therapeutic strategy for management of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Diwaker
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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CHEN CHANGGUI, TANG YANHONG, DENG WEI, HUANG CONGXIN, WU TIANYI. Salidroside blocks the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:917-22. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Guo N, Ding W, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wang Z, Wang Y. An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of salidroside and its metabolite p-tyrosol in rat liver tissues. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:637-645. [PMID: 24479765 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.863946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salidroside and its metabolite p-tyrosol are two major phenols in the genus Rhodiola L. (Crassulaceae). They have been confirmed to possess various pharmacological properties and are used for the prophylaxis and therapeutics of many diseases. Several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of the two compounds in plant materials and biological plasma matrices. However, these methods are not optimal for biological samples containing complex organic interferences, such as liver and brain tissues. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to further develop and validate a simple and specific LC-MS/MS method for the determination of salidroside and its metabolite p-tyrosol in rat liver tissues using paracetamol as the internal standard (IS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Salidroside and p-tyrosol with the IS paracetamol and liver tissues were used as model compounds and biological samples. Samples were processed by protein precipitation (PP) with methanol, the supernatant was dried under nitrogen and the residue was reconstituted in a mobile phase that consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile and water (1:9, v/v). Salidroside and p-tyrosol were detected in negative mode under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization. RESULTS Standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 50-2000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.995 or better for both salidroside and p-tyrosol. The intra- and inter-day accuracy for salidroside ranged between 104.90 and 112.73% with a precision of 3.51-14.27%. For p-tyrosol, the intra- and inter-day accuracy was between 92.38 and 100.59%, and the precision was 8.54% or less. The stability data showed that no significant degradation occurred under the experimental conditions. The recoveries were 111.44, 108.10, and 102.00% for salidroside at concentrations of 50, 500 and 2000 ng/mL, respectively, and were 105.44, 105.50, and 113.04% for tyrosol at concentrations of 50, 500 and 2000 ng/mL, respectively. The matrix effects were 83.85-92.45% for salidroside and 85.61-92.49% for p-tyrosol at three QC levels. This method was successfully applied to a liver tissue distribution study of salidroside and its metabolite p-tyrosol in rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This newly established method is validated as simple, reliable and accurate. It can be used as a valid analytical method for the intrinsic quality control of biological matrices, especially tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , China
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Li X, Erden O, Li L, Ye Q, Wilson A, Du W. Binding to WGR domain by salidroside activates PARP1 and protects hematopoietic stem cells from oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1853-65. [PMID: 24294904 PMCID: PMC3967359 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A component of the base excision repair pathway, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) functions in multiple cellular processes, including DNA repair and programmed cell death. We previously showed that Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from medicinal plants, prevented the loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in native mice and rescued HSCs repopulating in transplanted recipients under oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which PARP1 activation by Salidroside maintains HSCs under oxidative stress. RESULTS We found that although there were no spontaneous defects in hematopoiesis in Parp1(-/-) mice, oxidative stress compromised the repopulating capacity of Parp1(-/-) HSCs in transplanted recipient mice. A biochemical study using truncated proteins lacking the defined functional domains of PARP1 showed that the tryptophan-glycine-arginine-rich (WGR) domain of PARP1 was critical for Salidroside binding and subsequent PARP1 activation under oxidative stress. Functionally, complementation of Parp1(-/-) HSCs with full-length PARP1WT, but not the PARP1R591K mutant in WGR domain restored Salidroside-stimulated PARP1 activation in vitro. Mechanistically, activated PARP1 by Salidroside enhanced the repopulating capacity of the stressed HSCs by accelerating oxidative DNA damage repair. INNOVATIONS AND CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal the action of mechanism for Salidroside in PARP1 stimulation and a novel role of PARP1 activation in maintaining HSC function under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- 1 Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Zhao X, Lu Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Yu Y, Liu C. Salidroside liposome formulation enhances the activity of dendritic cells and immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tyrosol and its analogues inhibit alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone induced melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23420-40. [PMID: 24287915 PMCID: PMC3876054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is responsible for skin color and plays a major role in defending against harmful external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Tyrosinase is responsible for the critical steps of melanogenesis, including the rate-limiting step of tyrosine hydroxylation. The mechanisms of action of skin hypopigmenting agents are thought to be based on the ability of a given agent to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and, hence, down regulate melanin synthesis. Tyrosol and its glycoside, salidroside, are active components of Rhodiola rosea, and in our preliminary study we found that Rhodiola rosea extract inhibited melanogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of tyrosol and its analogues on melanin synthesis. We found that treatment of B16F0 cells to tyrosol (1), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6), 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (7), or salidroside (11) resulted in a reduction in melanin content and inhibition of tyrosinase activity as well as its expression. Tyrosol (1), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5) and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (7) suppressed MC1R expression. Tyrosol (1), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6), and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (7) inhibited α-MSH induced TRP-1 expression, but salidroside (11) did not. All the compounds did not affect MITF and TRP-2 expression. Furthermore, we found that the cell viability of tyrosol (1), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (5), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6), and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (7) at concentrations below 4 mM and salidroside (11) at concentrations below 0.5 mM were higher than 90%. The compounds exhibited metal-coordinating interactions with copper ion in molecular docking with tyrosinase. Our results suggest that tyrosol, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and salidroside are potential hypopigmenting agents.
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Abstract
To explore the protective effects of salidroside against endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced cytotoxicity in human endothelial cells (EVC-304). EVC-304 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of low steady states of H2O2 (34μM) generated by glucose oxidase (GOX) with or without salidroside. MTT assays were performed, together with flow cytometric analysis using propidium (PI) label. The results indicated that salidroside could attenuate H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in EVC-304 cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis revealed that salidroside could also inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by endogenous hydrogen. The present study demonstrates that salidroside could inhibit endogenous hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity of endothelial cells .
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Lu L, Yuan J, Zhang S. Rejuvenating activity of salidroside (SDS): dietary intake of SDS enhances the immune response of aged rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:637-646. [PMID: 22367581 PMCID: PMC3636390 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that immune response decreases with aging. Salidroside (SDS), an antioxidant component isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine roseroot Rhodiola rosea, has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-aging and health-promoting activities. However, the mechanism underlying these activities is poorly understood. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that (1) dietary intake of SDS induced a considerable increase in total T cells (CD3(+)) and T helper cells (CD4(+)) in aged (21 months old) Wistar male rats; (2) SDS supplementation significantly increased the DTH response, a T cell-mediated immune response, in aged rats; and (3) SDS supplementation remarkably promoted the production of total anti-KLH IgG, anti-KLH IgG1, and anti-KLH IgG2α in aged rats without disturbing immune homeostasis. These indicate that SDS is able to counteract immunosenescence, thereby resulting in rejuvenation. Practically, SDS may be used to help the elderly to generate an improved response to vaccine with stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lu
- />Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Room 205, Ke Xue Guan, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jiangshui Yuan
- />Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Room 205, Ke Xue Guan, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- />Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- />Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Room 205, Ke Xue Guan, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Xu MC, Shi HM, Gao XF, Wang H. Salidroside attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:244-252. [PMID: 23418859 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.762358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the cardioprotective effects of salidroside on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rabbits and the underlying action mechanisms in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, a rabbit ischemia/reperfusion model was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary arterial branch for 30 min and by releasing the ligature to allow reperfusion for 120 min. Salidroside or salidroside+PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) was administered via intracoronary injections at the onset of reperfusion. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of total Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that intracoronary injection of salidroside at the onset of reperfusion markedly reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, significantly increasing Bcl-2 and p-Akt proteins expressions and decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expressions in the hearts subjected to ischemia followed by 120-min reperfusion. However, the anti-apoptotic effect induced by salidroside was inhibited by LY294002, which blocked the activation of Akt. These results suggested that intracoronary administration of salidroside at the onset of reperfusion could significantly reduce the IRI-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and this protective mechanism seemed to be mediated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Chun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Tayade AB, Dhar P, Kumar J, Sharma M, Chauhan RS, Chaurasia OP, Srivastava RB. Chemometric profile of root extracts of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. with hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometric technique. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52797. [PMID: 23326358 PMCID: PMC3542346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Rose root or Arctic root or Golden root or Shrolo), belonging to the family Crassulaceae, is an important food crop and medicinal plant in the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert. Chemometric profile of the n-hexane, chloroform, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 60% ethanol root extracts of R. imbricata were performed by hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. GC/MS analysis was carried out using Thermo Finnigan PolarisQ Ion Trap GC/MS MS system comprising of an AS2000 liquid autosampler. Interpretation on mass spectrum of GC/MS was done using the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Database, with NIST MS search program v.2.0g. Chemometric profile of root extracts revealed the presence of 63 phyto-chemotypes, among them, 1-pentacosanol; stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24S); 1-teracosanol; 1-henteracontanol; 17-pentatriacontene; 13-tetradecen-1-ol acetate; methyl tri-butyl ammonium chloride; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; 7,8-dimethylbenzocyclooctene; ethyl linoleate; 3-methoxy-5-methylphenol; hexadecanoic acid; camphor; 1,3-dimethoxybenzene; thujone; 1,3-benzenediol, 5-pentadecyl; benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy, 5-methoxy; cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione; dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy; octadecane, 1-chloro; ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl); α-tocopherol; ascaridole; campesterol; 1-dotriacontane; heptadecane, 9-hexyl were found to be present in major amount. Eventually, in the present study we have found phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, alkyl halides, phenols, alcohols, ethers, alkanes, and alkenes as the major group of phyto-chemotypes in the different root extracts of R. imbricata. All these compounds identified by GC/MS analysis were further investigated for their biological activities and it was found that they possess a diverse range of positive pharmacological actions. In future, isolation of individual phyto-chemotypes and subjecting them to biological activity will definitely prove fruitful results in designing a novel drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Rajinder S. Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Senthilkumar R, Parimelazhagan T, Chaurasia OP, Srivastava R. Free radical scavenging property and antiproliferative activity of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew extracts in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Transcript and protein analysis reveals better survival skills of monocyte-derived dendritic cells compared to monocytes during oxidative stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43357. [PMID: 22916248 PMCID: PMC3419731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells with the unique ability to initiate primary T-cell responses, are present in atherosclerotic lesions where they are exposed to oxidative stress that generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). A large body of evidence indicates that cell death is a major modulating factor of atherogenesis. We examined antioxidant defence systems of human monocyte-derived (mo)DCs and monocytes in response to oxidative stress. Methods Oxidative stress was induced by addition of tertiary-butylhydroperoxide (tert-BHP, 30 min). Cellular responses were evaluated using flow cytometry and confocal live cell imaging (both using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, CM-H2DCFDA). Viability was assessed by the neutral red assay. Total RNA was extracted for a PCR profiler array. Five genes were selected for confirmation by Taqman gene expression assays, and by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry for protein levels. Results Tert-BHP increased CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence and caused cell death. Interestingly, all processes occurred more slowly in moDCs than in monocytes. The mRNA profiler array showed more than 2-fold differential expression of 32 oxidative stress–related genes in unstimulated moDCs, including peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an enzyme reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. PRDX2 upregulation was confirmed by Taqman assays, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Silencing PRDX2 in moDCs by means of siRNA significantly increased CM-DCF fluorescence and cell death upon tert-BHP-stimulation. Conclusions Our results indicate that moDCs exhibit higher intracellular antioxidant capacities, making them better equipped to resist oxidative stress than monocytes. Upregulation of PRDX2 is involved in the neutralization of ROS in moDCs. Taken together, this points to better survival skills of DCs in oxidative stress environments, such as atherosclerotic plaques.
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Qian EW, Ge DT, Kong SK. Salidroside protects human erythrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:531-537. [PMID: 22483064 DOI: 10.1021/np200555s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea is a commonly used folk medicine for the treatment of high altitude sickness, mountain malhypoxia, and anoxia. Its active ingredient, salidroside [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-glucopyranoside (1)], has been reported to have a broad spectrum of biological effects. However, the protective role of 1 in human erythrocytes remains unclear. This study therefore has investigated the effects of 1 on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human erythrocytes (also known as eryptosis or erythroptosis). Compound 1 increased cell survival significantly and prevented human erythrocytes from undergoing eryptosis/erythroptosis mediated by H(2)O(2), as confirmed by the decreased expression of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and reduced leakage of calcein through the damaged membrane. Mechanistically, 1 was found to exert its protective effects through its antioxidative activity and the inhibition of caspase-3 activation and stress-induced intracellular Ca(2+) rise in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 1 is a protective agent in human erythrocytes against oxidative stress and may be a good adaptogen to enhance the body's resistance to stress and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Wei Qian
- Programme of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Salidroside is a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from the medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea, which has potent antioxidant properties. Here we show that salidroside prevented the loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice under oxidative stress. Quiescent HSCs were recruited into cell cycling on in vivo challenge with oxidative stress, which was blocked by salidroside. Surprisingly, salidroside does not prevent the production of reactive oxygen species but reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA-strand breaks in bone marrow cells enriched for HSCs. We tested whether salidroside enhances oxidative DNA damage repair in mice deficient for 5 DNA repair pathways known to be involved in oxidative DNA damage repair; we found that salidroside activated poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a component of the base excision repair pathway, in mouse bone marrow HSCs as well as primary fibroblasts and human lymphoblasts. PARP-1 activation by salidroside protects quiescent HSCs from oxidative stress-induced cycling in native animals and self-renewal defect in transplanted recipients, which was abrogated by genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of PARP-1. Together, these findings suggest that activation of PARP-1 by salidroside could affect the homeostasis and function of HSCs and contribute to the antioxidant effects of salidroside.
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Sun C, Wang Z, Zheng Q, Zhang H. Salidroside inhibits migration and invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:355-63. [PMID: 21978886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., shows potent antioxidant property. Here we investigated the inhibitory effects of salidroside on tumor metastasis in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in vitro. The results indicated that salidroside significantly reduced wound closure areas of HT1080 cells, inhibited HT1080 cells invasion into Matrigel-coated membranes, suppressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity, and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) expression in a dose-dependent manner in HT1080 cells. Salidroside treatment upregulated the E-cadherin expression, while downregulated the expression of β1-integrin. As an antioxidant, salidroside inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that salidroside could inhibit the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that salidroside inhibits tumor cells metastasis, which may due to its interfere in the intracellular excess ROS thereby down-regulated the ROS-PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
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Dhar P, Tayade A, Bajpai P, Sharma V, Das S, Chaurasia O, Srivastava R, Singh S. Antioxidant Capacities and Total Polyphenol Contents of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Phytococktail from Trans-Himalaya. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C156-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Qu ZQ, Zhou Y, Zeng YS, Lin YK, Li Y, Zhong ZQ, Chan WY. Protective effects of a Rhodiola crenulata extract and salidroside on hippocampal neurogenesis against streptozotocin-induced neural injury in the rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29641. [PMID: 22235318 PMCID: PMC3250459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated that a Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE), containing a potent antioxidant salidroside, promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of depressive rats. The current study was designed to further investigate the protective effect of the RCE on neurogenesis in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and to determine whether this neuroprotective effect is induced by the antioxidative activity of salidroside. Our results showed that pretreatment with the RCE significantly improved the impaired neurogenesis and simultaneously reduced the oxidative stress in the hippocampus of AD rats. In vitro studies revealed that (1) exposure of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the hippocampus to STZ strikingly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induced cell death and perturbed cell proliferation and differentiation, (2) hydrogen peroxide induced similar cellular activities as STZ, (3) pre-incubation of STZ-treated NSCs with catalase, an antioxidant, suppressed all these cellular activities induced by STZ, and (4) likewise, pre-incubation of STZ-treated NSCs with salidroside, also an antioxidant, suppressed all these activities as catalase: reduction of ROS levels and NSC death with simultaneous increases in proliferation and differentiation. Our findings indicated that the RCE improved the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat model of AD through protecting NSCs by its main ingredient salidroside which scavenged intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-qiang Qu
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-shan Zeng
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-kun Lin
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Zhong
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside and its Analogue Tyrosol Galactoside Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo and H2O2-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:358-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tulsawani R, Meena DK, Shukla H, Sharma P, Meena RN, Gupta V, Kumar R, Divekar HM, Sawhney RC. Ninety days of repeated gavage administration of Rhodiola imbricata extract in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:350-6. [PMID: 21938734 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a high-altitude plant, possesses adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity, and is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study was designed to ascertain the safety of aqueous extract of R. imbricata root when administered by gavage to rats for 90 days. Four groups of animals, each consisting of 15 males and 15 females, were administered 0, 100, 250 or 500 mg kg(-1) extract, in a single dose per day. The experimental rats when administered 100 mg kg(-1) of extract did not show any significant change in their body weight gain, organ/body weight ratio, or histological, hematological and biochemical variables studied. However, at higher doses of 250 and 500 mg kg(-1) extract, an increase in the body weight of rats of both the sexes was apparent without any change in their organ/body weight ratio. Furthermore, a noteworthy increase in plasma glucose and protein levels was recorded at both the higher doses, which were restored to normal after a 2-week withdrawal of treatment. Based on the findings of this study, the no observed effect level was 100 mg kg(-1) body weight per day of aqueous root extract of R. imbricata in rats administered subchronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110 054, India.
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Meng Y, Guo Y, Ling Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Ding F, Yang Y. Synthesis and protective effects of aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides on hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis in PC12 cell. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5577-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang S, Chen X, Yang Y, Zhou X, Liu J, Ding F. Neuroprotection against cobalt chloride-induced cell apoptosis of primary cultured cortical neurons by salidroside. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:161-70. [PMID: 21499890 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, a phenol glycoside of plant origin, has been documented to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including protective effects against neuronal death induced by different insults. To provide further insights into the neuroprotective functions peculiar to salidroside, this study used primary cultured cortical neurons of rats as a cell model to examine whether salidroside was able to prevent against cell damage after exposure to cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)), a hypoxia-inducing agent. The data from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test, Hoechst33342 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nicked end labeling assay, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio analysis indicated that salidroside pretreatment attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptotic cell death of primary cultured cortical neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, preliminary exploration of the possible mechanisms suggested that the protective effects of salidroside, shown in our experimental setting, might probably be mediated by enhancing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, alleviating the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and inhibiting over-expression of nuclear factor-kappa B protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Salidroside protects against MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting the NO pathway. Brain Res 2011; 1382:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Qian EW, Ge DT, Kong SK. Salidroside promotes erythropoiesis and protects erythroblasts against oxidative stress by up-regulating glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:308-314. [PMID: 20920561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhodiola rosea is commonly used in China and Tibet folk medicine for the treatment of high altitude sickness, anoxia and mountain malhypoxia. AIM OF STUDY Salidroside (SDS) is an active ingredient of Rhodiola rosea. This study attempted to examine the potential erythropoiesis-stimulating and anti-oxidative effect of SDS in TF-1 erythroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The erythropoiesis-promoting effect was determined by treating human TF-1 cells, one of the popular in vitro models for studying erythropoiesis, with SDS in the presence and absence of erythropoietin (EPO) through the measurement of the expression of a series of erythroid markers such as glycophorin A (GPA), transferrin receptor (CD71) and hemoglobin (Hb). The potential protective effect of SDS against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and its underlying mechanism in TF-1 erythroblasts were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS SDS promotes erythropoiesis in the EPO-treated cells and it also reduces the number of apoptotic cells in TF-1 erythroblasts after H(2)O(2) treatment probably through the up-regulation of protective proteins thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence to explain the ethnopharmacological role of SDS and Rhodiola rosea in Chinese medicine. Our findings also support the use of SDS as an erythropoiesis-adjuvant agent to correct anemia and malhypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Wei Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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Zhang L, Yu H, Zhao X, Lin X, Tan C, Cao G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective effects of salidroside against beta-amyloid-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:547-55. [PMID: 20615444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), invokes a cascade of oxidative damages to neurons and eventually leads to neuronal death. In this study, salidroside (Sald), an active compound isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea L., was investigated to assess its protective effects and the underlying mechanisms against Abeta-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Abeta(25-35)-induced neuronal toxicity was characterized by the decrease of cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), morphological alterations, neuronal DNA condensation, and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by activated caspase-3. Pretreatment with salidroside markedly attenuated Abeta(25-35)-induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of salidroside protected neurons from oxidative stress included the induction of antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin (Trx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peroxiredoxin-I (PrxI); the downregulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L). Furthermore, salidroside dose-dependently restored Abeta(25-35)-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as suppressed the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. It was also observed that Abeta(25-35) stimulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Salidroside inhibited Abeta(25-35)-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase, but not ERK1/2. These results suggest that salidroside has protective effects against Abeta(25-35)-induced oxidative stress, which might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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