1
|
Maes B, Fayazpour F, Catrysse L, Lornet G, Van De Velde E, De Wolf C, De Prijck S, Van Moorleghem J, Vanheerswynghels M, Deswarte K, Descamps B, Vanhove C, Van der Schueren B, Vangoitsenhoven R, Hammad H, Janssens S, Lambrecht BN. STE20 kinase TAOK3 regulates type 2 immunity and metabolism in obesity. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20210788. [PMID: 37347461 PMCID: PMC10287548 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue (AT) contains ST2+ Tregs, ILC2s, and alternatively activated macrophages that are lost in mice or humans on high caloric diet. Understanding how this form of type 2 immunity is regulated could improve treatment of obesity. The STE20 kinase Thousand And One amino acid Kinase-3 (TAOK3) has been linked to obesity in mice and humans, but its precise function is unknown. We found that ST2+ Tregs are upregulated in visceral epididymal white AT (eWAT) of Taok3-/- mice, dependent on IL-33 and the kinase activity of TAOK3. Upon high fat diet feeding, metabolic dysfunction was attenuated in Taok3-/- mice. ST2+ Tregs disappeared from eWAT in obese wild-type mice, but this was not the case in Taok3-/- mice. Mechanistically, AT Taok3-/- Tregs were intrinsically more responsive to IL-33, through higher expression of ST2, and expressed more PPARγ and type 2 cytokines. Thus, TAOK3 inhibits adipose tissue Tregs and regulates immunometabolism under excessive caloric intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Maes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- Cellular and Molecular (Patho)Physiology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Lornet
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van De Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Wolf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Vanheerswynghels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech-MEDISIP-Infinity Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech-MEDISIP-Infinity Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabrera-Rode E, Cubas-Dueñas I, Acosta JR, Hernández JC, González AIC, Calero TMG, Domínguez YA, Rodríguez JH, Rodríguez ADR, Álvarez Álvarez A, Valdés RE, Espinosa LJ, Belent OT, Benavides ZB, Estévez ES, Rodríguez YA, del Valle Rodríguez J, Juliá SM. Efficacy and safety of Obex® in overweight and obese subjects: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:58. [PMID: 36804035 PMCID: PMC9940432 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obex® may be helpful in reducing body weight and fat. The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Obex® in the treatment of overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A double-blind, randomised, controlled phase III clinical trial was conducted involving 160 overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25.0 and < 40 kg/m2) aged 20 to 60 years, who received Obex® (n = 80) and placebo (n = 80) plus non-pharmacological treatment (physical activity and nutritional counseling). One sachet of Obex® or placebo were administered before the two main meals each day for 6 months. In addition to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure, fasting plasma and 2 h glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, insulin, liver enzymes, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) were determined, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) beta-cell function (HOMA-β) were assessed and insulin sensitivity (IS) was calculated with three indirect indexes. RESULTS After 3 months of Obex®, 48.3% of the participants (28/58) achieved complete success in reducing both weight and waist circumference by greater than or equal to 5% from baseline, as opposed to 26.0% (13/50) of individuals receiving placebo (p = 0.022). Compared to baseline, at 6 months no differences were found between the groups concerning anthropometric and biochemical measurements, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, which were higher in subjects receiving Obex® compared to those receiving placebo (p = 0.030). After 6 months of treatment, both groups showed reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < 0.012) compared to baseline value. However, only those intake Obex® showed reduced insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, improved IS (p < 0.05), and decreased creatinine and UA levels (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of Obex® together with lifestyle changes increased HDL-c, contributed to a rapid reduction of weight and waist circumference, as well as improved insulin homeostasis, which did not occur in the placebo group, and appears to be safe as an adjunct at conventional obesity treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial protocol was registered in the Cuban public registry of clinical trials under code RPCEC00000267 on 17/04/2018 and also registered in the international registry of clinical trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, under code: NCT03541005 on 30/05/2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cabrera-Rode
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ileana Cubas-Dueñas
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Janet Rodríguez Acosta
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jeddú Cruz Hernández
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ana Ibis Conesa González
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Teresa M. González Calero
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yuri Arnold Domínguez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - José Hernández Rodríguez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio D. Reyes Rodríguez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Aimee Álvarez Álvarez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ragmila Echevarría Valdés
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Liudmila Jorge Espinosa
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Onelia Torres Belent
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Zoila Bell Benavides
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elizabeth Senra Estévez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanet Abreu Rodríguez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Juana del Valle Rodríguez
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvia Marín Juliá
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Zapata and D, Vedado 10400, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kon T, Sasaki Y, Abe Y, Onozato Y, Yagi M, Mizumoto N, Sakai T, Umehara M, Ito M, Nakamura S, Goto H, Ueno Y. Modulation of AMPK/ TET2/ 5-hmC axis in response to metabolic alterations as a novel pathway for obesity-related colorectal cancer development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2858. [PMID: 36806702 PMCID: PMC9938119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Sustained hyperglycemia destabilizes tumor suppressor ten-eleven translocation (TET) 2, which is a substrate of AMPK, thereby dysregulating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). However, the role played by this novel pathway in the development of obesity-related CRC is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression levels of TET2 and 5-hmC in obesity-related CRC and the effects of TET2 expression on the proliferation of CRC cells. To this end, surgically resected CRC samples from seven obese patients (Ob-CRC) and seven non-obese patients (nOb-CRC) were analyzed, and expression levels of the TET family and 5-hmC were compared between the groups. A decrease was observed in TET2 mRNA levels and 5-hmC levels in Ob-CRC compared to that in nOb-CRC. Furthermore, we used CRC cell lines to investigate the relationship between insulin, proliferation, and TET expression and AMPK. In cell lines, glucose and insulin treatments suppressed the expression of TET2 and increased cell proliferation. Downregulation of TET2 using siRNA also induced cell proliferation. An AMPK activator inhibited insulin- or glucose-stimulated cell proliferation and restored TET2 expression. We propose the AMPK-TET2-5-hmC axis as a novel pathway and potential therapeutic target in obesity-related CRC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kon
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- grid.413006.00000 0004 7646 9307Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Yusuke Onozato
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Makoto Yagi
- grid.413006.00000 0004 7646 9307Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Naoko Mizumoto
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Matsuki Umehara
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu DT, Bui NL, Vu Thi H, Nguyen Thi YV. Role of DNA methylation in diabetes and obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:153-170. [PMID: 37019591 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fact that the upward trend of several metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, in individuals especially monozygotic twins, who are under the same effects from the environment, are not similar, the role of epigenetic elements like DNA methylation needs taking into account. In this chapter, emerging scientific evidence supporting the strong relationship between changes in DNA methylation and those diseases' development was summarized. Changing in the expression level of diabetes/obesity-related genes through being silenced by methylation can be the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. Genes with abnormal methylation status are potential biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis. Moreover, methylation-based molecular targets should be investigated as a new treatment for both T2D and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yen-Vy Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berman YE, Doherty DA, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Ayonrinde OT, Adams LA, Huang RC, Olynyk JK, Keelan JA, Newnham JP, Hart RJ. Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in Males from Childhood into Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15244. [PMID: 36429961 PMCID: PMC9690816 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate metabolites are detectable within the majority of the population. Evidence suggests that a prenatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with the subsequent risks of obesity and elevated blood pressure. We hypothesised that a prenatal exposure to phthalates would lead to an increase in adverse cardiometabolic parameters through childhood and adulthood. The maternal serum phthalate measurements from the stored samples taken from Gen1 mothers at 18 and 34 weeks gestation were examined in relation to the cardiometabolic measures in 387 male offspring from the Raine Study. Data from the Gen2 follow-ups between 3 and 27 years were used. The primary outcomes were analysed longitudinally using linear mixed models for the repeated measures. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was assessed at 17 years using logistic regression. A consistent positive relationship was observed between a prenatal exposure to mono-carboxy-iso-octyl phthalate (MCiOP) through adolescence into adulthood with systolic blood pressure. There were no other consistent cardiovascular associations. Mid-levels of prenatal exposures to Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were associated with a greater incidence of NAFLD. Detectable Mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) was associated with a lower serum HDL-C through late childhood into adulthood, while a higher prenatal exposure to mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), was associated with a higher LDL-C at 22 years of age. A mid-level prenatal exposure to mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) metabolites was associated with higher insulin in adulthood, while a higher prenatal exposure to the sum of the Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP) metabolites was associated with higher fasting serum glucose in adulthood. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that higher prenatal phthalate exposures to some phthalate metabolites was associated with some adverse metabolic profiles through adolescence into adulthood, although the consistent themes were limited to a few metabolites and the outcomes of systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye’elah E. Berman
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Dorota A. Doherty
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Leon A. Adams
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - John K. Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - John P. Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Roger J. Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Open Biochem J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x-v16-e2206271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition that is also a risk factor of several other chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes. The effects of maternal obesity and type 2 diabetes on fetal development and offspring health are mediated through the transmission of epigenetic modifications in addition to the possible permanent changes of the organs caused by the intrauterine environment hypothesized by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory. Epigenetic modifications can be altered by environmental factors including dietary and lifestyle factors. The current priorities include identification and confirmation of the specific epigenetic biomarkers associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in human subjects and identification of the dietary and lifestyle factors that contribute to each of the identified specific epigenetic biomarkers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dias-Rocha CP, Almeida MM, Woyames J, Mendonça R, Andrade CBV, Pazos-Moura CC, Trevenzoli IH. Maternal high-fat diet alters thermogenic markers but not muscle or brown adipose cannabinoid receptors in adult rats. Life Sci 2022; 306:120831. [PMID: 35882274 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endocannabinoid system (ECS) increases food intake, appetite for fat and lipogenesis, while decreases energy expenditure (thermogenesis), contributing to metabolic dysfunctions. We demonstrated that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters cannabinoid signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of neonate and weanling male rat offspring, which have increased adiposity but also higher energy expenditure in adulthood. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the ECS expression in thermogenic tissues as BAT and skeletal muscle of adult rats programmed by maternal HFD. We hypothesized that maternal HFD would modulate ECS and energy metabolism markers in BAT and skeletal muscle of adult male offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats received standard diet (9.4 % of calories as fat) or isocaloric HFD (28.9 % of calories as fat) for 8 weeks premating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned on standard diet and euthanatized in adulthood. KEY FINDINGS Maternal HFD increased body weight, adiposity, glycemia, leptinemia while decreased testosterone levels in adult offspring. Maternal HFD did not change cannabinoid receptors in BAT or skeletal muscle as hypothesized but increased the content of uncoupling protein and tyrosine hydroxylase (thermogenic markers) in parallel to changes in mitochondrial morphology in skeletal muscle of adult offspring. SIGNIFICANCE In metabolic programming models, the ECS modulation in the BAT and skeletal muscle may be more important early in life to adapt energy metabolism during maternal dietary insult, and other mechanisms are possibly involved in muscle metabolism long-term regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla P Dias-Rocha
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Almeida
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mendonça
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anti-Diabesity Middle Eastern Medicinal Plants and Their Action Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2276094. [PMID: 35899227 PMCID: PMC9313926 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2276094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, the escalation in diabetes and obesity rates has become epidemic all over the world. Diabesity describes the strong link between T2D and obesity. It correlates deeper with the elevated risks of developing cardiovascular disease hypertension, stroke, and several malignancies. Therapeutic usage of medicinal plants and natural products in the treatment of diabetes and obesity has long been known to physicians of Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine. Improved versions of their abundant medicinal plant-based formulations are at present some of the most popular herbal treatments used. Preclinical and clinical data about medicinal plants along with their bioactive constituents are now available, justifying the traditionally known therapeutic uses of products derived from them for the prevention and cure of obesity-related T2D and other health problems. The aim of this review is to systematize published scientific data dealing with the efficiency of active ingredients or extracts from Middle Eastern medicinal plants and diet in the management of diabesity and its complications. Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for publications describing the medicinal plants and diet used in the management of T2D, obesity, and their complications. The used keywords were “medicinal plants” or “herbals” in combination with “obesity,” “diabetes,” “diabetes,” or nephropathy. More than 130 medicinal plants were identified to target diabesity and its complications. The antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects and action mechanisms of these plants are discussed here. These include the regulation of appetite, thermogenesis, lipid absorption, and lipolysis; pancreatic lipase activity and adipogenesis; glucose absorption in the intestine, insulin secretion, glucose transporters, gluconeogenesis, and epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gabellini D, Pedrotti S. The SUV4-20H Histone Methyltransferases in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094736. [PMID: 35563127 PMCID: PMC9102147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of histone tails is a dynamic process that provides chromatin with high plasticity. Histone modifications occur through the recruitment of nonhistone proteins to chromatin and have the potential to influence fundamental biological processes. Many recent studies have been directed at understanding the role of methylated lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) in physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will focus on the function and regulation of the histone methyltransferases SUV4-20H1 and SUV4-20H2, which catalyze the di- and tri-methylation of H4K20 at H4K20me2 and H4K20me3, respectively. We will highlight recent studies that have elucidated the functions of these enzymes in various biological processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. We will also provide an overview of the pathological conditions associated with H4K20me2/3 misregulation as a result of mutations or the aberrant expression of SUV4-20H1 or SUV4-20H2. Finally, we will critically analyze the data supporting these functions and outline questions for future research.
Collapse
|
10
|
de Melo Reis RA, Isaac AR, Freitas HR, de Almeida MM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS, Trevenzoli IH. Quality of Life and a Surveillant Endocannabinoid System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:747229. [PMID: 34776851 PMCID: PMC8581450 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.747229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important brain modulatory network. ECS regulates brain homeostasis throughout development, from progenitor fate decision to neuro- and gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, brain plasticity and circuit repair, up to learning, memory, fear, protection, and death. It is a major player in the hypothalamic-peripheral system-adipose tissue in the regulation of food intake, energy storage, nutritional status, and adipose tissue mass, consequently affecting obesity. Loss of ECS control might affect mood disorders (anxiety, hyperactivity, psychosis, and depression), lead to drug abuse, and impact neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's, Parkinson, Huntington, Multiple, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum) disorders. Practice of regular physical and/or mind-body mindfulness and meditative activities have been shown to modulate endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, in addition to other players as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ECS is involved in pain, inflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunctions, general immune responses (asthma, allergy, and arthritis) and tumor expansion, both/either in the brain and/or in the periphery. The reason for such a vast impact is the fact that arachidonic acid, a precursor of eCBs, is present in every membrane cell of the body and on demand eCBs synthesis is regulated by electrical activity and calcium shifts. Novel lipid (lipoxins and resolvins) or peptide (hemopressin) players of the ECS also operate as regulators of physiological allostasis. Indeed, the presence of cannabinoid receptors in intracellular organelles as mitochondria or lysosomes, or in nuclear targets as PPARγ might impact energy consumption, metabolism and cell death. To live a better life implies in a vigilant ECS, through healthy diet selection (based on a balanced omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), weekly exercises and meditation therapy, all of which regulating eCBs levels, surrounded by a constructive social network. Cannabidiol, a diet supplement has been a major player with anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antioxidant activities. Cognitive challenges and emotional intelligence might strengthen the ECS, which is built on a variety of synapses that modify human behavior. As therapeutically concerned, the ECS is essential for maintaining homeostasis and cannabinoids are promising tools to control innumerous targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alinny Rosendo Isaac
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Macedo de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota and epigenetics: promising therapeutic approaches? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49343-49361. [PMID: 34319520 PMCID: PMC8316543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct/indirect responsibility of the gut microbiome in disease induction in and outside the digestive tract is well studied. These results are usually from the overpopulation of certain species on the cost of others, interaction with beneficial microflora, interference with normal epigenetic control mechanisms, or suppression of the immune system. Consequently, it is theoretically possible to cure such disorders by rebalancing the microbiome inside our bodies. This can be achieved by changing the lifestyle pattern and diet or by supplementation with beneficial bacteria or their metabolites. Various approaches have been explored to manipulate the normal microbial inhabitants, including nutraceutical, supplementations with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics, or through microbiome transplantation (fecal, skin, or vaginal microbiome transplantation). In the present review, the interaction between the microbiome and epigenetics and their role in disease induction is discussed. Possible future therapeutic approaches via the reestablishment of equilibrium in our internal micro-ecosystem are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Timing of Menarche and Growth and Adiposity into Adulthood: A Twenty-Years Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094725. [PMID: 33946657 PMCID: PMC8125681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence growth and adiposity patterns in girls through childhood into adolescence. Among 1342 Raine Study singleton females, 462 had maternal serum and at least one outcome available up to 20 years of age. Individuals’ maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks gestation was pooled and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Cox regression and linear models were used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and age at menarche, change in height and weight z-scores between birth and two years, height from birth to 20 years, BMI from two to 20 years, deviation from mid-parental height at age 20 and DEXA scan measures at age 20. Weak negative associations were detected with some phthalate metabolites and change in height and weight z-score during infancy. Weak positive associations between some of the high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and height z-score were detected during childhood. While still within the normal range, age at menarche was slightly delayed in girls with higher prenatal exposure to the higher molecular weight phthalate metabolites. We derived some associations between prenatal phthalate exposure with early growth patterns and age at menarche.
Collapse
|
14
|
Benite-Ribeiro SA, Rodrigues VADL, Machado MRF. Food intake in early life and epigenetic modifications of pro-opiomelanocortin expression in arcuate nucleus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3773-3784. [PMID: 33877530 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in nowadays societies and, despite being a multifactorial disease, it has a significant correlation with food intake. The control of food intake is performed by neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), which secret orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), under stimulation of, e.g., ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. Insulin, uses inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/serine-threonine kinase (IP3/Akt) pathways and stimulates the exclusion of (Forkhead box protein O1) FOXO1 from the nucleus and thereby does the inactivation of the inhibition of POMC expression, while Leptin stimulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and POMC expression. Epigenetic modifications of the synthesis of these neuropeptides can lead to an increased caloric intake, which, in turn, is an important risk factor for obesity and its comorbidities. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, so the search for epigenetic targets has significant scientific and therapeutic appeal. In this review, we synthesize the effect of food intake on the epigenetic modifications of Neuropeptide Y and Pro-opiomelanocortin of ARC and its relationships with obesity development and comorbidities. We found that there is no consensus on the methylation of neuropeptides when the evaluations are carried out in different promoters. Based on reports carried on in the early life in laboratory animals, which is the timeline that the vast majority of author used to study this topic, chronic inflammation, defects in insulin and leptin signaling may be linked to changes occurring in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and/or STAT3/SOCS3 (cytokine signaling 3) pathways. In its turn, the epigenetic modifications related to increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure may be associated with PI3K/Akt and STAT3/SOCS3 signaling disruption and Pro-opiomelanocortin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aparecida Benite-Ribeiro
- Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Rodovia 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brasil.
- Pós-Graduação de Ciências Aplicadas À Saúde, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Rodovia 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brasil.
- Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Rodovia 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brasil.
| | - Valkíria Alves de Lima Rodrigues
- Pós-Graduação de Ciências Aplicadas À Saúde, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Rodovia 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brasil
| | - Mônica Rodrigues Ferreira Machado
- Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Rodovia 364, Km 195, nº 3800, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Whole Alga, Algal Extracts, and Compounds as Ingredients of Functional Foods: Composition and Action Mechanism Relationships in the Prevention and Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3816. [PMID: 33917044 PMCID: PMC8067684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease which involves impaired pancreatic function and currently affects half a billion people worldwide. Diet is considered the cornerstone to reduce incidence and prevalence of this disease. Algae contains fiber, polyphenols, ω-3 PUFAs, and bioactive molecules with potential antidiabetic activity. This review delves into the applications of algae and their components in T2DM, as well as to ascertain the mechanism involved (e.g., glucose absorption, lipids metabolism, antioxidant properties, etc.). PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were used. Papers in which whole alga, algal extracts, or their isolated compounds were studied in in vitro conditions, T2DM experimental models, and humans were selected and discussed. This review also focuses on meat matrices or protein concentrate-based products in which different types of alga were included, aimed to modulate carbohydrate digestion and absorption, blood glucose, gastrointestinal neurohormones secretion, glycosylation products, and insulin resistance. As microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM and metabolic alterations in different organs are related, the review also delves on the effects of several bioactive algal compounds on the colon/microbiota-liver-pancreas-brain axis. As the responses to therapeutic diets vary dramatically among individuals due to genetic components, it seems a priority to identify major gene polymorphisms affecting potential positive effects of algal compounds on T2DM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berman YE, Doherty DA, Main KM, Frederiksen H, Keelan JA, Newnham JP, Hart RJ. The influence of prenatal exposure to phthalates on subsequent male growth and body composition in adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110313. [PMID: 33069699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with predominantly anti-androgenic, and potentially obesogenic effects. We hypothesised that antenatal phthalate exposure may influence subsequent boy's growth and body composition through childhood and adolescence. Among 1399 singleton males from the Raine Study, 410 had maternal serum and at least one height, BMI or DEXA outcome available after birth and up to 20 years of age. Maternal serum collected at 18 and 34 weeks' gestation was pooled, and analyzed for concentrations of 32 metabolites of 15 phthalate diesters. Their serum concentrations were categorized into undetectable/detectable levels or tertiles. Linear mixed models were used to determine associations between maternal serum phthalate levels and longitudinal height and body mass index (BMI) z-scores in boys from birth to 20 years of age (n = 250 and n = 295 respectively). Linear regression was used to determine associations between maternal phthalate levels and deviation from mid-parental height (n = 177) and DEXA scan outcomes (n = 191) at the 20 year follow-up. Weak positive associations of participants height z-score increase were detected with exposure to some phthalate metabolites in particular to the lower molecular weight phthalate metabolites. Less consistent findings, by mixed model analyses, were detected for BMI and body composition, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with some positive associations of phthalate metabolites with BMI and some negative associations with DEXA fat tissue measures, although no consistent findings were evident. In conclusion, we derived some associations of childhood growth with prenatal phthalate exposure, particularly with respect to the lower molecular weight phthalate metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye'elah E Berman
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia
| | - Dorota A Doherty
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - John P Newnham
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, Australia, 6008
| | - Roger J Hart
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Carson House, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fujimi TJ, Sate M, Tsuchiya M, Hirono M, Asahi R, Suzuki R, Nakajima S, Yokoyama H, Matsuura T, Kanzawa N. Gene Expression and Histochemical Analyses in the Fatty Livers of Rats Fed a Histidine-Excess Diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:561-570. [PMID: 33390398 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol accumulation are known to occur in the liver of rats fed a histidine-excess (5%) diet, but there are few studies reporting histochemical and molecular biological analyses of the rat liver. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis of this lipid-accumulation mechanism. Lipid accumulations, tissue section images, and gene expression levels were compared in the livers of rats fed a control or histidine-excess diet for 5 wk (n=8/group). Serum levels of TGs, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, albumin, and the enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also analyzed. In the livers of rats fed a histidine-excess diet, histochemical analyses showed what appeared to be a preliminary stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver, characterized by lipid accumulation around the central vein area and minor fibrosis. However, there were no changes in serum TG or free fatty acid levels. Quantitative PCR analyses showed the up-regulation of FAT/CD36, which is related to the uptake of fatty acids into cells, and the downregulation of two apolipoprotein genes, ApoC3 and ApoE. The mRNA levels of PPARγ, LXRα, and AMPKα in the liver were also reduced by excess histidine intake. The results of this study suggest that steatosis caused by excess histidine intake may be the result of an imbalance between lipid transport from the liver and the uptake of free fatty acids into hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko J Fujimi
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Mikako Sate
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Minori Tsuchiya
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Mayuko Hirono
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Riku Asahi
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Ryuta Suzuki
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Shigeru Nakajima
- Department of Registered Dietitians, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Kanzawa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong P, Jing Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Wu C, Du Z, Li H. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of abdominal adipose reveals DNA methylation pattern variations in broiler lines divergently selected for fatness. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skaa408. [PMID: 33373456 PMCID: PMC8611762 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylation status of pivotal genes involved in fat deposition in chickens has been extensively studied. However, the whole-genome DNA methylation profiles of broiler abdominal adipose tissue remain poorly understood. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we generated DNA methylation profiles of chicken abdominal adipose tissue from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content. We aimed to explore whether DNA methylation was associated with abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The whole-genome DNA methylation profiles of fat- and lean-line broilers abdominal adipose tissue were constructed. The DNA methylation levels of functional genomic regions in the fat broiler were higher than those in the lean broiler, especially in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and exons in the non-CG contexts. Additionally, we identified 29,631 differentially methylated regions and, subsequently, annotated 6,484 and 2,016 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the gene body and promoter regions between the two lines, respectively. Functional annotation showed that the DMGs in promoter regions were significantly enriched mainly in the triglyceride catabolic process, lipid metabolism-related pathways, and extracellular matrix signal pathways. When the DMG in promoter regions and differentially expressed genes were integrated, we identified 30 genes with DNA methylation levels that negatively correlated with their messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, of which CMSS1 reached significant levels (false discovery rate < 0.05). These 30 genes were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor signaling, Wnt signaling pathways, transmembrane transport, RNA degradation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. Comparing the DNA methylation profiles between fat- and lean-line broilers demonstrated that DNA methylation is involved in regulating broiler abdominal fat deposition. Our study offers a basis for further exploring the underlying mechanisms of abdominal adipose deposition in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education
Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R.
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin X, Li H. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:706978. [PMID: 34552557 PMCID: PMC8450866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in dramatic decrease of life quality and expectancy. The main cause of obesity is long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories and expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms of obesity with the aim of providing actionable treatment strategies to achieve a healthy body weight from nature to nurture. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity with a special focus on the pathogenesis of obesity from genetic factors to epigenetic factors, from social environmental factors to microenvironment factors. Against this background, we discuss several possible intervention strategies to minimize BMI.
Collapse
|
20
|
Werdermann M, Berger I, Scriba LD, Santambrogio A, Schlinkert P, Brendel H, Morawietz H, Schedl A, Peitzsch M, King AJF, Andoniadou CL, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Insulin and obesity transform hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stemness and function in a hyperactive state. Mol Metab 2020; 43:101112. [PMID: 33157254 PMCID: PMC7691554 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic diseases are an increasing problem in society with the brain-metabolic axis as a master regulator of the human body for sustaining homeostasis under metabolic stress. However, metabolic inflammation and disease will trigger sustained activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this study, we investigated the role of metabolic stress on progenitor cells in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Methods In vitro, we applied insulin and leptin to murine progenitor cells isolated from the pituitary and adrenal cortex and examined the role of these hormones on proliferation and differentiation. In vivo, we investigated two different mouse models of metabolic disease, obesity in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and obesity achieved via feeding with a high-fat diet. Results Insulin was shown to lead to enhanced proliferation and differentiation of both pituitary and adrenocortical progenitors. No alterations in the progenitors were noted in our chronic metabolic stress models. However, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was observed and the expression of the appetite-regulating genes Npy and Agrp changed in both the hypothalamus and adrenal. Conclusions It is well-known that chronic stress and stress hormones such as glucocorticoids can induce metabolic changes including obesity and diabetes. In this article, we show for the first time that this might be based on an early sensitization of stem cells of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, pituitary and adrenal progenitor cells exposed to high levels of insulin are metabolically primed to a hyper-functional state leading to enhanced hormone production. Likewise, obese animals exhibit a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to adrenal hyperplasia. This might explain how stress in early life can increase the risk for developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Insulin enhances proliferation and differentiation of adrenocortical and pituitary progenitors. Obesity leads to hyperactivation and priming of the HPA axis. Obesity leads to overexpression of appetite-regulating genes in the hypothalamus. Obesity leads to a decrease in the expression of appetite-regulating genes in the adrenal gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Werdermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Ilona Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Laura D Scriba
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Alice Santambrogio
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany; Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Pia Schlinkert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Heike Brendel
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schedl
- University of Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Parc Valrose, Nice, 06108, France.
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| | - Aileen J F King
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany; Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany; Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Almeida MM, Dias-Rocha CP, Reis-Gomes CF, Wang H, Cordeiro A, Pazos-Moura CC, Joss-Moore L, Trevenzoli IH. Maternal high-fat diet up-regulates type-1 cannabinoid receptor with estrogen signaling changes in a sex- and depot- specific manner in white adipose tissue of adult rat offspring. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1313-1326. [PMID: 32671459 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and high-fat (HF) diet are associated with over activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). We have demonstrated that maternal HF diet induces early obesity and modulates cannabinoid signaling in visceral (VIS) and subcutaneous (SUB) white adipose tissue (WAT) in weanling rat offspring. We hypothesized that perinatal maternal HF diet would program the expression of ECS in adipose tissue in a long-term way in parallel to alterations in epigenetic markers and sex hormone signaling. METHODS Progenitor female rats received control diet (C, 9% fat) or isocaloric high-fat diet (HF, 28% fat) for 8 weeks before mating, gestation, and lactation. All pups were weaned to C diet and they were euthanized at 180 days old. RESULTS Maternal HF diet induced overweight and increased SUB WAT mass of male and female adult offspring. Maternal HF diet induced hypertrophy of VIS and SUB adipocytes only in female offspring associated with increased type 1 cannabinoid receptor protein (CB1) and mRNA (Cnr1) levels. These changes were associated with increased estrogen receptor α binding to Cnr1 promoter in SUB WAT of adult female offspring, which may contribute to higher expression of Cnr1. CONCLUSION Increased CB1 signaling in adipose tissue might contribute to higher adiposity programmed by maternal HF diet because endocannabinoids stimulate the accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue. Our findings provide molecular insights into sex-specific targets for anti-obesity therapies based on the endocannabinoid system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macedo de Almeida
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Camilla P Dias-Rocha
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clara F Reis-Gomes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Haimei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aline Cordeiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lisa Joss-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Petrakis D, Margină D, Tsarouhas K, Tekos F, Stan M, Nikitovic D, Kouretas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Obesity ‑ a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:9-19. [PMID: 32377709 PMCID: PMC7248467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized clinically from mild to fatal. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is the virus responsible. The global spread of COVID‑19 can be described as the worst pandemic in humanity in the last century. To date, COVID‑19 has infected more than 3,000,000 people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 people. All age groups can be infected from the virus, but more serious symptoms that can possibly result in death are observed in older people and those with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Novel data report more severe symptoms and even a negative prognosis for the obese patients. A growing body of evidence connects obesity with COVID‑19 and a number of mechanisms from immune system activity attenuation to chronic inflammation are implicated. Lipid peroxidation creates reactive lipid aldehydes which in a patient with metabolic disorder and COVID‑19 will affect its prognosis. Finally, pregnancy‑associated obesity needs to be studied further in connection to COVID‑19 as this infection could pose high risk both to pregnant women and the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Petrakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Denisa Margină
- ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Miriana Stan
- ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Using Physiologic, Genetic, and Epigenetic Information to Provide Care to Clients Who Are Obese. Gastroenterol Nurs 2019; 42:478-485. [PMID: 31770349 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of obesity is a complex process involving interactions among behavioral, environmental, immunologic, genetic, and epigenetic factors. This article gives a broad overview of obesity. The physiology of fat storage, influence of eating behaviors on obesity, and the genetic relationship between eating and food sources are discussed. Specific genes that have been associated with obesity are introduced, with information on leptin and genes such as FTO, GLUT4, and others. This synopsis of obesity expands into environmental influences and epigenetic factors. These include food selection, gut microbiota, pregnancy, and exercise. The nurse will gain specific knowledge to assist in tailoring therapies specific to clients who are working to overcome the long-term effects of this disorder.
Collapse
|
24
|
Red-jambo peel extract shows antiproliferative activity against HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Res Int 2019; 124:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Hollister BM, Yaremych HE, Goldring MR, Persky S. Mothers' and fathers' cognitive and affective responses to epigenetics concepts. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz021. [PMID: 33244405 PMCID: PMC6875654 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of epigenetics present new opportunities to improve children's health through the counseling of parents about epigenetics concepts. However, it is important to first evaluate how parents respond to this type of information and determine the consequences of educating parents about epigenetics. We have taken an initial step toward this goal by assessing parental responses to an epigenetics learning module. Parents (n = 190, 126 mothers) responded to pre- and post-module survey questions. Prior to the module, parents reported that mothers' lifestyles prior to conception were more important for children's health than fathers' lifestyles prior to conception (t = 4.49, df = 316.5, P < 0.0001). However, after the module, there was no difference between ratings of the importance of mothers' and fathers' preconception lifestyles (t = 1.18, df = 319.8, P = NS). Furthermore, after viewing the module, parents increased their ratings of the importance of both mothers' (t = -5.65, df = 294.8, P < 0.0001) and father's (t = -9.01, df = 287.2, P < 0.0001) preconception lifestyles for child health. After viewing the module, most parents reported feelings of guilt and negativity regarding epigenetics (78 and 55%, respectively). When compared with lean parents, parents with overweight more often reported feelings of guilt (χ 2 =10.27, P = 0.001). This work represents an important first step in evaluating parental responses to epigenetics concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Hollister
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley E Yaremych
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan R Goldring
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vuolo MM, Lima GC, Batista ÂG, Carazin CBB, Cintra DE, Prado MA, Júnior MRM. Passion fruit peel intake decreases inflammatory response and reverts lipid peroxidation and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2019; 76:106-117. [PMID: 32033839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake and its effect against high-fat diet-induced obesity. PEPF is a source of fiber and phenolic compounds, which can decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, both linked to chronic inflammatory response and fat deposition in obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that PEPF intake could decrease inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress observed in obesity, leading to decrease of fatness and chronic inflammatory response. The aims of the study were to evaluate the lipid peroxidation, the expression of antioxidants enzymes, and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) according to the diets: control (based on AIN-93G), high-fat (HF, 35% fat w/w), and HF with PEPF (HFPF), and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. PEPF showed high dietary fiber content and bioactive compounds, such as ferulic acid, and β-carotene. PEPF intake was effective in reducing body weight gain (13.31%) and total body fat (22.58%). The lipid peroxidation in the liver and adipose tissue decreased in the HFPF group compared to HF-fed animals, whereas hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity and their expressions in the liver were higher in HFPF than HF. In addition, the PEPF intake decreased inflammatory cytokines in serum. These results suggest that PEPF intake decreases oxidative stress, possibly by the increase of antioxidant enzymes expression. Furthermore, PEPF decreases inflammatory response and protects from adiposity. Then, PEPF could act as an adjuvant to control of early parameters in obesity dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Morandi Vuolo
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Nutrition School- Federal University of Goias, 227 st, Qd 68, S/N-Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia-GO, 74605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ângela Giovana Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Palmeira das Missões-RS, 98300-000, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Carazin
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, ZIP: 13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Alexandre Prado
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Júnior
- School of Food Engineering, Food and Nutrition Department, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato 80, Zip Code: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cannataro R, Caroleo MC, Fazio A, La Torre C, Plastina P, Gallelli L, Lauria G, Cione E. Ketogenic Diet and microRNAs Linked to Antioxidant Biochemical Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080269. [PMID: 31382449 PMCID: PMC6719224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated the capability of the ketogenic diet (KD) to influence the microRNA (miR) expression profile. Here, we report that KD is able to normalize miR expression in obese subjects when compared with lean subjects. By applying two different bioinformatics tools, we found that, amongst the miRs returning to comparable levels in lean subjects, four of them are linked to antioxidant biochemical pathways specifically, and the others are linked to both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biochemical pathways. Of particular interest is the upregulation of hsa-miR-30a-5p, which correlates with the decrease of catalase expression protein in red blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Mater Domini Hospital 88100 Catanzaro and Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Operative Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Magna Graecia, Mater Domini Hospital Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Claus Henn BG, Griffith KN, Howes BL, Schlezinger DR, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Altered lipid homeostasis in a PCB-resistant Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) population from New Bedford Harbor, MA, U.S.A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:30-43. [PMID: 30822701 PMCID: PMC6544361 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel species such as the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) living in urban waterways can be used as toxicological models to understand impacts of environmental metabolism disrupting compound (MDC) exposure on both wildlife and humans. Exposure to MDCs is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including impaired lipid and glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, appetite control, and basal metabolism. MDCs are ubiquitous in the environment, including in aquatic environments. New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts is polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and, as we show for the first time, tin (Sn). PCBs and organotins are ligands for two receptor systems known to regulate lipid homeostasis, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), respectively. In the current study, we compared lipid homeostasis in laboratory-reared killifish from NBH (F2) and a reference location (Scorton Creek, Massachusetts; F1 and F2) to evaluate how adaptation to local conditions may influence responses to MDCs. Adult killifish from each population were exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126, dioxin-like), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153, non-dioxin-like), or tributyltin (TBT, a PPARγ ligand) by a single intraperitoneal injection and analyzed after 3 days. AHR activation was assessed by measuring cyp1a mRNA expression. Lipid homeostasis was evaluated phenotypically by measuring liver triglycerides and organosomatic indices, and at the molecular level by measuring the mRNA expression of pparg and ppara and a target gene for each receptor. Acute MDC exposure did not affect phenotypic outcomes. However, overall NBH killifish had higher liver triglycerides and adiposomatic indices than SC killifish. Both season and population were significant predictors of the lipid phenotype. Acute MDC exposure altered hepatic gene expression only in male killifish from SC. PCB126 exposure induced cyp1a and pparg, whereas PCB153 exposure induced ppara. TBT exposure did not induce ppar-dependent pathways. Comparison of lipid homeostasis in two killifish populations extends our understanding of how MDCs act on fish and provides a basis to infer adaptive benefits of these differences in the wild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wendy J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Birgit G Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin N Griffith
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian L Howes
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - David R Schlezinger
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saldaña-Tejeda A, Wade P. Eugenics, Epigenetics, and Obesity Predisposition among Mexican Mestizos. Med Anthropol 2019; 38:664-679. [DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2019.1589466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abril Saldaña-Tejeda
- Department of Philosophy, Division of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Peter Wade
- Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sangiovanni M, Granata I, Thind AS, Guarracino MR. From trash to treasure: detecting unexpected contamination in unmapped NGS data. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:168. [PMID: 30999839 PMCID: PMC6472186 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) experiments produce millions of short sequences that, mapped to a reference genome, provide biological insights at genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic level. Typically the amount of reads that correctly maps to the reference genome ranges between 70% and 90%, leaving in some cases a consistent fraction of unmapped sequences. This ’misalignment’ can be ascribed to low quality bases or sequence differences between the sample reads and the reference genome. Investigating the source of the unmapped reads is definitely important to better assess the quality of the whole experiment and to check for possible downstream or upstream ’contamination’ from exogenous nucleic acids. Results Here we propose DecontaMiner, a tool to unravel the presence of contaminating sequences among the unmapped reads. It uses a subtraction approach to identify bacteria, fungi and viruses genome contamination. DecontaMiner generates several output files to track all the processed reads, and to provide a complete report of their characteristics. The good quality matches on microorganism genomes are counted and compared among samples. DecontaMiner builds an offline HTML page containing summary statistics and plots. The latter are obtained using the state-of-the-art D3 javascript libraries. DecontaMiner has been mainly used to detect contamination in human RNA-Seq data. The software is freely available at http://www-labgtp.na.icar.cnr.it/decontaminer. Conclusions DecontaMiner is a tool designed and developed to investigate the presence of contaminating sequences in unmapped NGS data. It can suggest the presence of contaminating organisms in sequenced samples, that might derive either from laboratory contamination or from their biological source, and in both cases can be considered as worthy of further investigation and experimental validation. The novelty of DecontaMiner is mainly represented by its easy integration with the standard procedures of NGS data analysis, while providing a complete, reliable, and automatic pipeline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2684-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sangiovanni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, 80121, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
| | - Amarinder Singh Thind
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mario Rosario Guarracino
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Statins Do Not Directly Inhibit the Activity of Major Epigenetic Modifying Enzymes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040516. [PMID: 30974899 PMCID: PMC6521159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential anticancer effects of statins-a widely used class of cholesterol lowering drugs-has generated significant interest, as has the use of epigenetic modifying drugs such as HDAC and DNMT inhibitors. We set out to investigate the effect of statin drugs on epigenetic modifications in multiple cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast carcinoma, leukemic macrophages, cervical adenocarcinoma, and insulin-secreting cells, as well as liver extracts from statin-treated C57B1/6J mice. Cells or cell extracts were treated with statins and with established epigenetic modulators, and HDAC, HAT, and DNMT activities were quantified. We also examined histone acetylation by immunoblotting. Statins altered neither HDAC nor HAT activity. Accordingly, acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was unchanged with statin treatment. However, statins tended to increase DNMT activity. These results indicate that direct inhibition of the major classes of epigenetic modifying enzymes, as previously reported elsewhere, is unlikely to contribute to any anticancer effects of statins. This study concerned global effects on epigenetic enzyme activities and histone acetylation; whether statins influence epigenetic modifications in certain genomic regions, cannot be ruled out and remains to be investigated.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang S, Ren J. Obesity Paradox in Aging: From Prevalence to Pathophysiology. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:182-189. [PMID: 29990534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in medical technology and health care have greatly improved the management for chronic diseases and prolonged human lifespan. Unfortunately, increased lifespan and the aging population impose a major challenge on the ever-rising prevalence of chronic diseases, in particular cardiometabolic stress associated with the pandemic obesity in our modern society. Although overweight and obesity are associated with incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart failure (HF), it paradoxically leads to a more favorable prognosis in patients with chronic HF, a phenomenon commonly defined as "obesity paradox". Numerous population-based and clinical studies have suggested possible explanations such as better metabolic reserve, smoking and disease-associated weight loss for obesity paradox. Recent evidence noticed a shift in obesity paradox with aging. While some studies have reported a more pronounced "obesity paradox" in the older patients, others have seen diminished cardiac benefits with overweight and obesity in the elderly patients with CVD. These findings suggested that a complex relationship among aging, metabolism, and HF severity/chronicity, which may explain the shift in obesity paradox in the elderly. Aging negatively affects body metabolism and cardiac function although its precise impact on obesity paradox remains elusive. To develop new strategies for cardiovascular health in the elderly, it is imperative to understand the precise role for aging on obesity-related CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bridgeman SC, Ellison GC, Melton PE, Newsholme P, Mamotte CDS. Epigenetic effects of metformin: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1553-1562. [PMID: 29457866 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that links epigenetic modifications to type 2 diabetes. Researchers have more recently investigated effects of commonly used medications, including those prescribed for diabetes, on epigenetic processes. This work reviews the influence of the widely used antidiabetic drug metformin on epigenomics, microRNA levels and subsequent gene expression, and potential clinical implications. Metformin may influence the activity of numerous epigenetic modifying enzymes, mostly by modulating the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activated AMPK can phosphorylate numerous substrates, including epigenetic enzymes such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), usually resulting in their inhibition; however, HAT1 activity may be increased. Metformin has also been reported to decrease expression of multiple histone methyltransferases, to increase the activity of the class III HDAC SIRT1 and to decrease the influence of DNMT inhibitors. There is evidence that these alterations influence the epigenome and gene expression, and may contribute to the antidiabetic properties of metformin and, potentially, may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline and aging. The expression levels of numerous microRNAs are also reportedly influenced by metformin treatment and may confer antidiabetic and anticancer activities. However, as the reported effects of metformin on epigenetic enzymes act to both increase and decrease histone acetylation, histone and DNA methylation, and gene expression, a significant degree of uncertainty exists concerning the overall effect of metformin on the epigenome, on gene expression, and on the subsequent effect on the health of metformin users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Claire Bridgeman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gaewyn Colleen Ellison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip Edward Melton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cyril Desire Sylvain Mamotte
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chung N, Park MY, Kim J, Park HY, Hwang H, Lee CH, Han JS, So J, Park J, Lim K. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:23-30. [PMID: 30149423 PMCID: PMC6058072 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity. [Methods] The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease. [Results] Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity-related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence. [Conclusion] In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.
Collapse
|
35
|
Daack-Hirsch S, Shah LL, Cady AD. Mental Models of Cause and Inheritance for Type 2 Diabetes Among Unaffected Individuals Who Have a Positive Family History. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:534-547. [PMID: 29239272 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317745052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the familial risk perception (FRP) model as a framework, we elicited causal and inheritance explanations for type 2 diabetes (T2D) from people who do not have T2D but have a family history for it. We identified four composite mental models for cause of T2D: (a) purely genetic; (b) purely behavioral/environmental; (c) direct multifactorial, in which risk factors interact and over time directly lead to T2D; and (d) indirect multifactorial, in which risk factors interact and over time cause a precursor health condition (such as obesity or metabolic syndrome) that leads to T2D. Interestingly, participants described specific risk factors such as genetics, food habits, lifestyle, weight, and culture as "running in the family." Our findings provide insight into lay beliefs about T2D that can be used by clinicians to anticipate or make sense of responses to questions they pose to patients about mental models for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa L Shah
- 2 University of Pittsburgh School of Nusing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa D Cady
- 3 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehramiz M, Ghasemi F, Esmaily H, Tayefi M, Hassanian SM, Sadeghzade M, Sadabadi F, Moohebati M, Azarpazhooh MR, Parizadeh SMR, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Safarian M, Nematy M, Ebrahimi M, Ryzhikov M, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Avan A. Interaction between a variant of CDKN2A/B-gene with lifestyle factors in determining dyslipidemia and estimated cardiovascular risk: A step toward personalized nutrition. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
37
|
Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:676-684. [PMID: 29375128 PMCID: PMC6123482 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Maternal high-fat diet induces sex-specific endocannabinoid system changes in newborn rats and programs adiposity, energy expenditure and food preference in adulthood. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
39
|
Perinatal maternal high-fat diet induces early obesity and sex-specific alterations of the endocannabinoid system in white and brown adipose tissue of weanling rat offspring. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:788-803. [PMID: 29110748 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal maternal high-fat (HF) diet programmes offspring obesity. Obesity is associated with overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in adult subjects, but the role of the ECS in the developmental origins of obesity is mostly unknown. The ECS consists of endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors (cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) and cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2)) and metabolising enzymes. We hypothesised that perinatal maternal HF diet would alter the ECS in a sex-dependent manner in white and brown adipose tissue of rat offspring at weaning in parallel to obesity development. Female rats received standard diet (9 % energy content from fat) or HF diet (29 % energy content from fat) before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring were killed for tissue harvest. Maternal HF diet induced early obesity, white adipocyte hypertrophy and increased lipid accumulation in brown adipose tissue associated with sex-specific changes of the ECS's components in weanling rats. In male pups, maternal HF diet decreased CB1 and CB2 protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In female pups, maternal HF diet increased visceral and decreased subcutaneous CB1. In brown adipose tissue, maternal HF diet increased CB1 regardless of pup sex. In addition, maternal HF diet differentially changed oestrogen receptor across the adipose depots in male and female pups. The ECS and oestrogen signalling play an important role in lipogenesis, adipogenesis and thermogenesis, and we observed early changes in their targets in adipose depots of the offspring. The present findings provide insights into the involvement of the ECS in the developmental origins of metabolic disease induced by inadequate maternal nutrition in early life.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu Z, Gan X, Yu H. NF‑κB‑miR15a‑bFGF/VEGFA axis contributes to the impaired angiogenic capacity of BM‑MSCs in high fat diet‑fed mice. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7609-7616. [PMID: 28944834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Potent paracrine properties, such as secretion of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors, have been considered essential for the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue regeneration and repair. The present study determined that bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells from mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) had reduced pro‑angiogenic capacity, as evident from the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); therefore, a reduced number of branches was induced in the angiogenesis assay. Additionally, the present study determined that miR‑15a, a putative microRNA targeting both VEGFA and bFGF, may simultaneously downregulate bFGF and VEGFA expression levels through the 3'‑untranslated region. Inhibition of miR‑15a using an antagonist restored the expression of VEGFA and bFGF under fatty acid treatment and thus the angiogenic capacity. Furthermore, the HFD and fatty acids treatments transcriptionally activated the expression of miR‑15a via nuclear factor‑κB. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that inhibition of miR‑15a may restore the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in patients suffering from obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fénichel P, Chevalier N. Environmental endocrine disruptors: New diabetogens? C R Biol 2017; 340:446-452. [PMID: 28826789 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
42
|
Bell CG. The Epigenomic Analysis of Human Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1471-1481. [PMID: 28845613 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis of the epigenome-the chemical modifications and packaging of the genome that can influence or indicate its activity-enables molecular insight into cell type-specific machinery. It can, therefore, reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms at work in disease. Detected changes can also represent physiological responses to adverse environmental exposures, thus enabling the epigenetic mark of DNA methylation to act as an epidemiological biomarker, even in surrogate tissue. This makes epigenomic analysis an attractive prospect to further understand the pathobiology and epidemiological aspects of obesity. Furthermore, integrating epigenomic data with known obesity-associated common genetic variation can aid in deciphering their molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS This review primarily examines epidemiological or population-based studies of epigenetic modifications in relation to adiposity traits, as opposed to animal or cell models. It discusses recent work exploring the epigenome with respect to human obesity, which to date has predominately consisted of array-based studies of DNA methylation in peripheral blood. It is of note that highly replicated BMI DNA methylation associations are not causal, but strongly driven by coassociations for more precisely measured intertwined outcomes and factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. Finally, the potential for the future exploration of the epigenome in obesity and related disorders is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Bell
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Epigenomic Medicine, Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Obesity and Weight Control: Is There Light at the End of the Tunnel? Curr Nutr Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-017-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
Cabrera-Rode E, Rodríguez J, Álvarez A, Echevarría R, Reyes AD, Cubas-Dueñas I, Turcios-Tristá SE, Díaz-Díaz O. Effects of Obex in Overweight and Obese Subjects With or Without Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Pilot Study. J Diet Suppl 2017; 14:626-639. [PMID: 28384000 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1304482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obex is a dietary supplement to help weight loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Obex in overweight/obese participants with or without impaired fasting glucose. This was an open-label pilot study conducted with 40 overweight and obese subjects, 23-60 years old with a body mass index of 25-44 kg/m2 (20 participants with impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and 20 with normal glucose levels). Participants received Obex at a dose of one sachet before the two main meals of each day for 3 months. In addition to anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, creatinine, and uric acid were determined. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were assessed. Three indirect indices were used to calculate insulin sensitivity. Compared to baseline, Obex significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and waist/height ratio in both groups of participants (p <.05). In individuals without IFG, Obex improved HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) (p <.0001) and lowered BP (p <.05). After 3 months of Obex, subjects with IFG showed a reduction in fasting glucose concentrations (p <.0001). Compared to baseline, this group also showed improved insulin sensitivity and HDL-c (p <.05). In conclusion, the consumption of Obex contributed to weight reduction, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as HDL-c, and appears to be safe in overweight/obese adults with impaired fasting glucose. Obex may be beneficial for weight loss, indicating that further studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cabrera-Rode
- a Department of Immunology , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Janet Rodríguez
- a Department of Immunology , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Aimee Álvarez
- b Department of Diabetes , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Ragmila Echevarría
- c Biochemical Laboratory , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| | | | - Ileana Cubas-Dueñas
- a Department of Immunology , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| | | | - Oscar Díaz-Díaz
- e Diabetes Care Center , National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana , Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ng HY. Acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2016; 8:1-10. [PMID: 28031729 PMCID: PMC5179206 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adolescence is a public health priority because it usually tracks into adulthood, resulting in enormous medical and social costs. This underscores the importance of early identification and intervention. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) was once considered a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis, but is now frequently observed in obese adolescents. Current understanding suggests that it is associated with insulin resistance and has a unique role in secondary prevention. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of AN in obese adolescents, covering its history, current knowledge on the condition, its clinical significance, management challenges, and the direction of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lappé M. Epigenetics, Media Coverage, and Parent Responsibilities in the Post-Genomic Era. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2016; 4:92-97. [PMID: 27867757 PMCID: PMC5111809 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-016-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetics is the study of how exposures and experiences can turn genes "on" or "off" without changing DNA sequence. By examining the influence that environmental conditions including diet, stress, trauma, toxins, and care can have on gene expression, this science suggests molecular connections between the environment, genetics, and how acquired characteristics may be inherited across generations. The rapid expansion of research in this area has attracted growing media attention. This coverage has implications for how parents and prospective parents understand health and their perceived responsibilities for children's wellbeing. This review provides insight into epigenetic research, its coverage in the media, and the social and ethical implications of this science for patients and clinicians. As epigenetic findings continue to elucidate the complex relationships between nature and nurture, it becomes critical to examine how representations of this science may influence patient experiences of risk and responsibility. This review describes some of the social and ethical implications of epigenetic research today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Lappé
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Columbia University Center for Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Behavioral Genetics, Unit 122 New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Karlsen M, Grandjean P, Weihe P, Steuerwald U, Oulhote Y, Valvi D. Early-life exposures to persistent organic pollutants in relation to overweight in preschool children. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 68:145-153. [PMID: 27496715 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge on obesogenic effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is equivocal. We therefore evaluated the associations between early-life POP exposures and body mass index (BMI) in 444 Faroese children born in 2007-2009. POPs were measured in maternal 2-week postpartum serum and child age-5 serum. Linear regression and generalised linear models assessed the associations with continuous and dichotomous BMI z-scores, respectively, at ages 18 months and/or 5 years. Maternal serum concentrations of HCB, PFOS and PFOA were associated with increased BMI z-scores and/or overweight risk (i.e. BMI z-score≥85th WHO percentile). No clear association was found for maternal serum-PCBs, p,p'-DDE, PFHxS, PFNA and PFDA. In cross-sectional analyses, we observed a pattern of inverse associations between child serum-POPs and BMI z-scores at age 5, perhaps due to reverse causation that requires attention in future prospective analyses. Findings in this recent cohort support a role of maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors in the childhood obesity epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Karlsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Pal Weihe
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Ulrike Steuerwald
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Duan DD. From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:185-231. [PMID: 27288830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D D Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetics and obesity cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to prevention and management. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 161:52-66. [PMID: 27013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uncorrected obesity has been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Several mechanisms for this cardiomyopathy have been identified, including oxidative stress, autophagy, adrenergic and renin-angiotensin aldosterone overflow. Another process that may regulate effects of obesity is epigenetics, which refers to the heritable alterations in gene expression or cellular phenotype that are not encoded on the DNA sequence. Advances in epigenome profiling have greatly improved the understanding of the epigenome in obesity, where environmental exposures during early life result in an increased health risk later on in life. Several mechanisms, including histone modification, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, have been reported in obesity and can cause transcriptional suppression or activation, depending on the location within the gene, contributing to obesity-induced complications. Through epigenetic modifications, the fetus may be prone to detrimental insults, leading to cardiac sequelae later in life. Important links between epigenetics and obesity include nutrition, exercise, adiposity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis. Genome-wide studies have identified altered DNA methylation patterns in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from obese subjects compared with non-obese controls. In addition, aging and intrauterine environment are associated with differential DNA methylation. Given the intense research on the molecular mechanisms of the etiology of obesity and its complications, this review will provide insights into the current understanding of epigenetics and pharmacological and non-pharmacological (such as exercise) interventions targeting epigenetics as they relate to treatment of obesity and its complications. Particular focus will be on DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Critical Link Between Epigenetics and Transcription Factors in the Induction of Autoimmunity: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 50:333-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|