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Verres Y, Bodin A, Chevret S, Victoni T, Gicquel T, Barreto E, Freund-Michel V, Lagente V. Effects of the nerve growth factor and its carrier protein on the inflammatory response from human monocytes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38693600 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nerve growth factor (NGF) has been previously shown to be involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, or wound healing. This factor displays a variety of biological effects that yet remain to be explored. Previous data on cell lines show a pro-inflammatory role of NGF on monocytes. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to investigate the pro-inflammatory effect of NGF, using a model of fresh human monocytes. METHODS Monocytes obtained from PBMC were exposed to NGF at various concentrations. Alternatively, monocytes were exposed to BSA, the NGF carrier protein without the NGF. Gene expression and cytokine release in the supernatant were monitored. RESULTS We found that NGF increased the expression of pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and remodeling genes such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)8. The protein levels of CXCL8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were also increased in the cell supernatants following NGF exposure. BSA alone was found to drive part of this response, bringing nuance to the inflammatory potential of the NGF. CONCLUSION These data suggest that NGF is able to enhance monocyte inflammatory responses once cells are stimulated with another signal but is possibly not able to directly activate it. This could have implications for example in patients with bacterial infections, where NGF could worsen the local inflammation by over-activating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Verres
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Aude Bodin
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Chevret
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Tatiana Victoni
- University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Véronique Freund-Michel
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
- Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Lagente
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), Univ. Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, CHU, Rennes, France
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2
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Dietary Fats and Depressive Symptoms in Italian Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030675. [PMID: 36771380 PMCID: PMC9919703 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression represents one of the major causes of disability worldwide, with an important socioeconomic cost. Although many risk factors have been considered in its pathogenesis, nutrition seems to play a determinant role in its prevention. With regard to individual macronutrients, dietary fats and especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are the most studied. However, previous data about other dietary fatty acids, such as n-6 PUFA, are conflicting, and little is known about saturated fatty acids (SFA), especially when considering carbon chain length. Thus, we investigated whether single types and subtypes of dietary fats are related to depressive symptoms in Italian individuals living in the Mediterranean area. METHODS Dietary and socio-demographic data of 1572 individuals were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to determine the consumption of total dietary fat and each specific class of dietary fat, such as SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and PUFA. The intake of fatty acids was also assessed according to the carbon-chain length of each single class. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used as a screening tool for depressive symptoms. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounding factors, a significant inverse association between low/moderate levels of PUFA intake and depressive symptoms (Q2 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.84) was found. On the other hand, moderate saturated fat consumption was associated with depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.04). However, when considering carbon chain length, individuals with a lower to moderate intake of short-chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFA) and medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA) were less likely to have depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.75), while moderate intake of arachidic acid (C20:0) was directly associated with depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.77). Among single MUFAs, higher myristoleic acid (C14:1) intake was directly associated with depressive symptoms (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.61), while moderate intake of erucic acid (C22:1) was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.86). When considering individual PUFAs, individuals with moderate and higher intakes of arachidonic acid (C20:4) were less likely to have depressive symptoms (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.91, respectively). Similarly, higher eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.98), while a significant association for docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) was retrieved only for low intakes (Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat intake may be associated with depressive symptoms, underlying the importance of distinguishing between different fat types. This study confirms the pivotal role of PUFAs and reopens the debate on the role of saturated fatty acids, suggesting plausible effects of moderate intakes of short-chain fatty acids.
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Nikulin S, Zakharova G, Poloznikov A, Raigorodskaya M, Wicklein D, Schumacher U, Nersisyan S, Bergquist J, Bakalkin G, Astakhova L, Tonevitsky A. Effect of the Expression of ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 Genes on the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:662843. [PMID: 34149804 PMCID: PMC8206645 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms among women worldwide, and metastatic BC presents the biggest problems for treatment. Previously, it was shown that lower expression of ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes is associated with a higher risk of the formation of distant metastases in BC. In this work, we studied the change in phenotypical traits, as well as in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of BC cells as a result of the stable knockdown of ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes. The knockdown of ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes was found to lead to a strong increase in the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MMP1. These results were in good agreement with the correlation analysis of gene expression in tumor samples from patients and were additionally confirmed by zymography. The knockdown of ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes was also discovered to change the expression of a group of genes involved in the formation of intercellular contacts. In particular, the expression of the CDH11 gene was markedly reduced, which also complies with the correlation analysis. The spheroid formation assay showed that intercellular adhesion decreased as a result of the knockdown of the ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes. Thus, the obtained data indicate that malignant breast tumors with reduced expression of the ELOVL5 and IGFBP6 genes can metastasize with a higher probability due to a more efficient invasion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Nikulin
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey Poloznikov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria Raigorodskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Scientific Research Centre Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lidiia Astakhova
- Scientific Research Centre Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Latronico T, Larocca M, Milella S, Fasano A, Rossano R, Liuzzi GM. Neuroprotective potential of isothiocyanates in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:561-571. [PMID: 33196947 PMCID: PMC7997826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs), present as glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Here, we compared the effects of three different ITCs on ROS production and on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, which represent important pathogenetic factors of various neurological diseases. Primary cultures of rat astrocytes were activated by LPS and simultaneously treated with different doses of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 2-Sulforaphane (SFN). Results showed that SFN and PEITC were able to counteract ROS production induced by H2O2. The zymographic analysis of cell culture supernatants evidenced that PEITC and SFN were the most effective inhibitors of MMP-9, whereas, only SFN significantly inhibited MMP-2 activity. PCR analysis showed that all the ITCs used significantly inhibited both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The investigation on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway demonstrated that ITCs modulate MMP transcription by inhibition of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activity. Results of this study suggest that ITCs could be promising nutraceutical agents for the prevention and complementary treatment of neurological diseases associated with MMP involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Marilena Larocca
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Serafina Milella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Fasano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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5
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Rezaeizadeh H, Mohammadpour Z, Bitarafan S, Harirchian MH, Ghadimi M, Homayon IA. Dietary fish intake and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:681-689. [PMID: 32787642 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1804096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: There is some inconclusive evidence for the role of fish consumption in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aimed to systematically review and determine the association between dietary fish intake and risk of MS.Methods: A systematic search with related keywords was carried out in PubMed-MEDLIN, Scopus-EMBASE, and OVID-MEDLINE from inception up to September 2019 to find observational studies that evaluated the association between dietary fish intake and the risk of MS. Random effect and subgroup analyses were performed to calculate pooled estimates at 95% CIs.Results: Six articles met the inclusion criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of this study indicated that the consumption of fish decreases the risk of MS [OR (95% CIs): 0.77 (0.64, 0.92); p-value = 0.004; I2 = 54.7%] compared with controls.Discussion: Dietary intake of at least 0.5 servings of fish per week during adolescence and after might reduce the risk of MS; however, further studies are required to prove this preventive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zinat Mohammadpour
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Bitarafan
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghadimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Azar Homayon
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Evans E, Piccio L, Cross AH. Use of Vitamins and Dietary Supplements by Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:1013-1021. [PMID: 29710293 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Surveys of patients with multiple sclerosis report that most are interested in modifying their diet and using supplements to potentially reduce the severity and symptoms of the disease. This review provides an updated overview of the current state of evidence for the role that vitamins and dietary supplements play in multiple sclerosis and its animal models, with an emphasis on recent studies, and addresses biological plausibility and safety issues. Observations Several vitamins and dietary supplements have been recently explored both in animal models and by patients with multiple sclerosis. Most human trials have been small or nonblinded, limiting their generalizability. Biotin and vitamin D are currently being tested in large randomized clinical trials. Smaller trials are ongoing or planned for other supplements such as lipoic acid and probiotics. The results of these studies may help guide clinical recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance At the present time, the only vitamin with sufficient evidence to support routine supplementation for patients with multiple sclerosis is vitamin D. Vitamin deficiencies should be avoided. It is important for clinicians to know which supplements their patients are taking and to educate patients on any known efficacy data, along with any potential medication interactions and adverse effects of individual supplements. Given that dietary supplements and vitamins are not subject to the same regulatory oversight as prescription pharmaceuticals in the United States, it is recommended that vitamins and supplements be purchased from reputable manufacturers with the United States Pharmacopeia designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Evans
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Section, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Section, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Section, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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7
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Higher fish consumption and lower risk of central nervous system demyelination. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:818-824. [PMID: 31395972 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence for diet as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) is inconclusive. We examined the associations between fish consumption and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD), a common precursor to MS. METHODS The 2003-2006 Ausimmune Study was a case-control study examining environmental risk factors for FCD, with participants recruited from four regions of Australia and matched on age, sex, and study region. Dietary intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. We used conditional logistic regression models to test associations between fish consumption (total, tinned, grilled, and fried) and risk of FCD (249 cases and 438 controls), adjusting for history of infectious mononucleosis, smoking, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, socio-economic status, omega-3 supplement use, dietary under-reporting, and total energy intake. RESULTS Higher total fish consumption (per 30 g/day, equivalent to two serves/week) was associated with an 18% reduced risk of FCD (AOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70, 0.97). While we found no statistically significant associations between grilled and fried fish consumption and risk of FCD, higher tinned fish consumption (per 30 g/day) was associated with a 41% reduced risk of FCD (AOR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Tinned fish is predominantly oily, whereas grilled and fried fish are likely to be a combination of oily and white types. Oily fish is high in vitamin D and very long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, both of which may be beneficial in relation to MS.
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8
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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9
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Melo HM, Santos LE, Ferreira ST. Diet-Derived Fatty Acids, Brain Inflammation, and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:265. [PMID: 30983955 PMCID: PMC6448040 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Western societies experienced drastic changes in eating habits during the past century. The modern nutritional profile, typically rich in saturated fats and refined sugars, is recognized as a major contributing factor, along with reduced physical activity, to the current epidemics of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and diabetes. Alongside these conditions, recent years have witnessed a gradual and significant increase in prevalence of brain diseases, particularly mood disorders. While substantial clinical/epidemiological evidence supports a correlation between metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders, the mechanisms of pathogenesis in the latter are often multifactorial and causal links have been hard to establish. Neuroinflammation stands out as a hallmark feature of brain disorders that may be linked to peripheral metabolic dyshomeostasis caused by an unhealthy diet. Dietary fatty acids are of particular interest, as they may play a dual role, both as a component of high-calorie obesogenic diets and as signaling molecules involved in inflammatory responses. Here, we review current literature connecting diet-related nutritional imbalance and neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on the role of dietary fatty acids as signaling molecules directly relevant to inflammatory processes and to neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Melo
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Nutrition et sclérose en plaques : le point de la littérature. NUTR CLIN METAB 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Layé S, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Bazinet RP. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:12-38. [PMID: 29217656 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, largely important for the formation of cellular membranes. Over the past 10 years, a host of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic acid, the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, known to regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected in the brain and shown to regulate microglia activation. Recent advances have focused on how PUFA regulate the molecular signaling of microglia, especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior. Several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain. Because brain lipid metabolism relies on a complex integration of diet, peripheral metabolism, including the liver and blood, which supply the brain with PUFAs that can be altered by genetics, sex, and aging, there are many pathways that can be disrupted, leading to altered brain lipid homeostasis. Brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss in particular how n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites regulate microglia phenotype and function to exert their anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
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12
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Zhang E, Kim JJ, Shin N, Yin Y, Nan Y, Xu Y, Hong J, Hsu TM, Chung W, Ko Y, Lee W, Lim K, Kim DW, Lee SY. High Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in fat-1 Mice Reduce Inflammatory Pain. J Med Food 2017; 20:535-541. [PMID: 28570125 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as α-linolenic and linoleic acids, are essential fatty acids in mammals, because they cannot be synthesized de novo. However, fat-1 transgenic mice can synthesize omega-3 PUFAs from omega-6 PUFAs without dietary supplementation of omega-3, leading to abundant omega-3 PUFA accumulation in various tissues. In this study, we used fat-1 transgenic mice to investigate the role of omega-3 PUFAs in response to inflammatory pain. A high omega-3 PUFA tissue content attenuated formalin-induced pain sensitivity, microglial activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and the phosphorylation of NR2B, a subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Our findings suggest that elevated omega-3 PUFA levels inhibit NMDA receptor activity in the spinal dorsal horn and modulate inflammatory pain transmission by regulating signal transmission at the spinal dorsal horn, leading to the attenuation of chemically induced inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enji Zhang
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea .,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanbian, China
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea .,3 LES Corporation, Inc. , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea .,4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yongshan Nan
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanbian, China
| | - Yinshi Xu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanbian, China
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tzung Min Hsu
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Chung
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngkwon Ko
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonhyung Lee
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, South Korea
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Tavakol S, Shakibapour S, Bidgoli SA. The Level of Testosterone, Vitamin D, and Irregular Menstruation More Important than Omega-3 in Non-Symptomatic Women Will Define the Fate of Multiple Scleroses in Future. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:462-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper LH. The Second Brain: Is the Gut Microbiota a Link Between Obesity and Central Nervous System Disorders? Curr Obes Rep 2016; 5:51-64. [PMID: 26865085 PMCID: PMC4798912 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-016-0191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bi-directional integrated system composed by immune, endocrine, and neuronal components by which the gap between the gut microbiota and the brain is significantly impacted. An increasing number of different gut microbial species are now postulated to regulate brain function in health and disease. The westernized diet is hypothesized to be the cause of the current obesity levels in many countries, a major socio-economical health problem. Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggest that the gut microbiota is responsible for significant immunologic, neuronal, and endocrine changes that lead to obesity. We hypothesize that the gut microbiota, and changes associated with diet, affect the gut-brain axis and may possibly contribute to the development of mental illness. In this review, we discuss the links between diet, gut dysbiosis, obesity, and immunologic and neurologic diseases that impact brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Remsen Building, Room 132A, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, United States, Phone: (603) 653-9909
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15
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Riccio P, Rossano R, Larocca M, Trotta V, Mennella I, Vitaglione P, Ettorre M, Graverini A, De Santis A, Di Monte E, Coniglio MG. Anti-inflammatory nutritional intervention in patients with relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:620-35. [PMID: 26785711 PMCID: PMC4950325 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215618462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of nutritional intervention on inflammatory status and wellness in people with multiple sclerosis. To this end, in a seven-month pilot study we investigated the effects of a calorie-restricted, semi-vegetarian diet and administration of vitamin D and other dietary supplements (fish oil, lipoic acid, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, resveratrol and multivitamin complex) in 33 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 10 patients with primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. At 0/3/6 months, patients had neurological examination, filled questionnaires and underwent anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses. Serum fatty acids and vitamin D levels were measured as markers of dietary compliance and nutritional efficacy of treatment, whereas serum gelatinase levels were analyzed as markers of inflammatory status. All patients had insufficient levels of vitamin D at baseline, but their values did not ameliorate following a weekly administration of 5000 IU, and rather decreased over time. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased already after three months, even under dietary restriction only. Co-treatment with interferon-beta in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was irrelevant to vitamin D levels. After six months nutritional treatment, no significant changes in neurological signs were observed in any group. However, serum levels of the activated isoforms of gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase-9 decreased by 59% in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis and by 51% in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients under nutritional intervention, including dietary supplements. This study indicates that a healthy nutritional intervention is well accepted by people with multiple sclerosis and may ameliorate their physical and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Larocca
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trotta
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilario Mennella
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Graverini
- O.T.I. Officine Terapie Innovative S.r.l., 67061 Carsoli, Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Monte
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Hospital ASL 4 "Madonna Delle Grazie", 75100 Matera, Italy
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16
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Mu H, Zhu W, Jiang X, Hu X, Shi Y, Leak RK, Dong Q, Chen J, Gao Y. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mitigate blood-brain barrier disruption after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:37-46. [PMID: 26921472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to protect the neonatal brain against hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) injury. However, the mechanism of n-3 PUFA-afforded neuroprotection is not well understood. One major determinant of H/I vulnerability is the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, we examined the effects of n-3 PUFAs on BBB integrity after neonatal H/I. Female rats were fed a diet with or without n-3 PUFA enrichment from day 2 of pregnancy to 14days after parturition. H/I was introduced in 7day-old offspring. We observed relatively rapid BBB penetration of the small molecule cadaverine (640Da) at 4h post-H/I and a delayed penetration of larger dextrans (3kD-40kD) 24-48h after injury. Surprisingly, the neonatal BBB was impermeable to Evans Blue or 70kD dextran leakage for up to 48h post-H/I, despite evidence of IgG extravasation at this time. As expected, n-3 PUFAs ameliorated H/I-induced BBB damage, as shown by reductions in tracer efflux and IgG extravasation, preservation of BBB ultrastructure, and enhanced tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs prevented the elevation in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the brain and blood after H/I. Thus, n-3 PUFAs may protect neonates against BBB damage by blunting MMPs activation after H/I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Modifying Choroidal Neovascularization Development with a Nutritional Supplement in Mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:5423-42. [PMID: 26153682 PMCID: PMC4517006 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of nutritional supplements (modified Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)-II formulation containing vitamins, minerals, lutein, resveratrol, and omega-3 fatty acids) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Supplements were administered alone and combined with intravitreal anti-VEGF in an early-CNV (diode laser-induced) murine model. Sixty mice were evenly divided into group V (oral vehicle, intravitreal saline), group S (oral supplement, intravitreal saline), group V + aVEGF (oral vehicle, intravitreal anti-VEGF), and group S + aVEGF (oral supplement, intravitreal anti-VEGF). Vehicle and nutritional supplements were administered daily for 38 days beginning 10 days before laser. Intravitreal injections were administered 48 h after laser. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and flat-mount CD31 staining evaluated leakage and CNV lesion area. Expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and NLRP3 were evaluated with RT-PCR, zymography, and western-blot. Leakage, CNV size, VEGF gene and protein expression were lower in groups V + aVEGF, S + aVEGF, and S than in V (all p < 0.05). Additionally, MMP-9 gene expression differed between groups S + aVEGF and V (p < 0.05) and MMP-9 activity was lower in S + aVEGF than in V and S (both p < 0.01). Levels of MMP-2 and NLRP3 were not significantly different between groups. Nutritional supplements either alone or combined with anti-VEGF may mitigate CNV development and inhibit retinal disease involving VEGF overexpression and CNV.
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Di Bari G, Gentile E, Latronico T, Corriero G, Fasano A, Nonnis Marzano C, Liuzzi GM. Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Marine Sponges on the Activity and Expression of Gelatinases A (MMP-2) and B (MMP-9) in Rat Astrocyte Cultures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129322. [PMID: 26053757 PMCID: PMC4459954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether water soluble compounds present in aqueous extracts from seven Mediterranean demosponges exert biological activity towards matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which represent important pathogenic factors of human diseases. Aqueous extracts were tested on LPS-activated cultured rat astrocytes, and levels and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by zymography and RT-PCR, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the studied extracts contain water soluble compounds able to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and expression. We also compared the anti-MMP activities present in aqueous extracts from wild and reared specimens of Tethya aurantium and T. citrina. The results obtained revealed that the reared sponges maintain the production of bioactive compounds with inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9 for all the duration of the rearing period. Taken together, our results indicate that the aqueous extracts from the selected Mediterranean demosponges possess a variety of water-soluble bioactive compounds, which are able to inhibit MMPs at different levels. The presence of biological activity in aqueous extracts from reared specimens of T. aurantium and T. citrina strongly encourage sponge aquaculture as a valid option to supply sponge biomass for drug development on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Bari
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenia Gentile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Fasano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kong-González M, Pérez-Cortéz JG, Hernández-Girón C, Macías-Morales N, Flores-Aldana M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids for multiple sclerosis treatment. Medwave 2015; 15:e6062. [DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2015.01.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
The question whether dietary habits and lifestyle have influence on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still a matter of debate, and at present, MS therapy is not associated with any information on diet and lifestyle. Here we show that dietary factors and lifestyle may exacerbate or ameliorate MS symptoms by modulating the inflammatory status of the disease both in relapsing-remitting MS and in primary-progressive MS. This is achieved by controlling both the metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the human cell and the composition of commensal gut microbiota. What increases inflammation are hypercaloric Western-style diets, characterized by high salt, animal fat, red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, fried food, low fiber, and lack of physical exercise. The persistence of this type of diet upregulates the metabolism of human cells toward biosynthetic pathways including those of proinflammatory molecules and also leads to a dysbiotic gut microbiota, alteration of intestinal immunity, and low-grade systemic inflammation. Conversely, exercise and low-calorie diets based on the assumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, prebiotics, and probiotics act on nuclear receptors and enzymes that upregulate oxidative metabolism, downregulate the synthesis of proinflammatory molecules, and restore or maintain a healthy symbiotic gut microbiota. Now that we know the molecular mechanisms by which dietary factors and exercise affect the inflammatory status in MS, we can expect that a nutritional intervention with anti-inflammatory food and dietary supplements can alleviate possible side effects of immune-modulatory drugs and the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome and thus favor patient wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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21
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Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Miller SA, Muhie S, Meyerhoff J, Jett M. Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of a fish oil enriched diet on murine brains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90425. [PMID: 24632812 PMCID: PMC3954562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of fish oil enriched with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are widely documented. Fish oil as dietary supplements, however, show moderate clinical efficacy, highlighting an immediate scope of systematic in vitro feedback. Our transcriptomic study was designed to investigate the genomic shift of murine brains fed on fish oil enriched diets. A customized fish oil enriched diet (FD) and standard lab diet (SD) were separately administered to two randomly chosen populations of C57BL/6J mice from their weaning age until late adolescence. Statistical analysis mined 1,142 genes of interest (GOI) differentially altered in the hemibrains collected from the FD- and SD-fed mice at the age of five months. The majority of identified GOI (∼40%) encodes proteins located in the plasma membrane, suggesting that fish oil primarily facilitated the membrane-oriented biofunctions. FD potentially augmented the nervous system's development and functions by selectively stimulating the Src-mediated calcium-induced growth cascade and the downstream PI3K-AKT-PKC pathways. FD reduced the amyloidal burden, attenuated oxidative stress, and assisted in somatostatin activation—the signatures of attenuation of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and affective disorder. FD induced elevation of FKBP5 and suppression of BDNF, which are often linked with the improvement of anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence we anticipate efficacy of FD in treating illnesses such as depression that are typically triggered by the hypoactivities of dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic networks. Contrastingly, FD's efficacy could be compromised in treating illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are triggered by hyperactivities of the same set of neuromodulators. A more comprehensive investigation is recommended to elucidate the implications of fish oil on disease pathomechanisms, and the result-driven repositioning of fish oil utilization may revitalize its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hammamieh
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seid Muhie
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Meyerhoff
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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22
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Adamo AM. Nutritional factors and aging in demyelinating diseases. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:360. [PMID: 24311441 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination is a pathological process characterized by the loss of myelin around axons. In the central nervous system, oligodendroglial damage and demyelination are common pathological features characterizing white matter and neurodegenerative disorders. Remyelination is a regenerative process by which myelin sheaths are restored to demyelinated axons, resolving functional deficits. This process is often deficient in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and the reasons for the failure of repair mechanisms remain unclear. The characterization of these mechanisms and the factors involved in the proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells is key in designing strategies to improve remyelination in demyelinating disorders. First, a very dynamic combination of different molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and different signaling pathways is tightly regulated during the remyelination process. Second, factors unrelated to this pathology, i.e., age and genetic background, may impact disease progression either positively or negatively, and in particular, age-related remyelination failure has been proven to involve oligodendroglial cells aging and their intrinsic capacities among other factors. Third, nutrients may either help or hinder disease progression. Experimental evidence supports the anti-inflammatory role of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the competitive inhibition of arachidonic acid, whose metabolites participate in inflammation, and the reduction in T cell proliferation. In turn, vitamin D intake and synthesis have been associated with lower MS incidence levels, while vitamin D-gene interactions might be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. Finally, dietary polyphenols have been reported to mitigate demyelination by modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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23
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Nobre MEP, Correia AO, Borges MDB, Sampaio TMA, Chakraborty SA, Gonçalves DDO, Brito GADC, Leal LKAM, Felipe CFB, Lucetti DL, Arida RM, Viana GSDB. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rodents at low doses. Nutr Res 2013; 33:422-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Rensburg SJ, Kotze MJ, van Toorn R. The conundrum of iron in multiple sclerosis--time for an individualised approach. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:239-53. [PMID: 22422107 PMCID: PMC3402663 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the involvement of immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) is undisputed, some argue that there is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that MS is an autoimmune disease, and that the difference between immune- and autoimmune disease mechanisms has yet to be clearly delineated. Uncertainties surrounding MS disease pathogenesis and the modest efficacy of currently used disease modifying treatments (DMTs) in the prevention of disability, warrant the need to explore other possibilities. It is evident from the literature that people diagnosed with MS differ widely in symptoms and clinical outcome--some patients have a benign disease course over many years without requiring any DMTs. Attempting to include all patients into a single entity is an oversimplification and may obscure important observations with therapeutic consequences. In this review we advocate an individualised approach named Pathology Supported Genetic Testing (PSGT), in which genetic tests are combined with biochemical measurements in order to identify subgroups of patients requiring different treatments. Iron dysregulation in MS is used as an example of how this approach may benefit patients. The theory that iron deposition in the brain contributes to MS pathogenesis has caused uncertainty among patients as to whether they should avoid iron. However, the fact that a subgroup of people diagnosed with MS show clinical improvement when they are on iron supplementation emphasises the importance of individualised therapy, based on genetic and biochemical determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J van Rensburg
- Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19113, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa.
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25
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Riccio P. The molecular basis of nutritional intervention in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review. Complement Ther Med 2011; 19:228-37. [PMID: 21827937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that nutrition is one of the possible environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role as complementary MS treatment is unclear and largely disregarded. At present, MS therapy is not associated to a particular diet, probably due to lack of information on the effects of nutrition on the disease. To overcome the distrust of the usefulness of dietary control in MS and to encourage nutritional interventions in the course of the disease, it is necessary to assess the nature and the role of bioactive dietary molecules and their targets, and establish how a dietary control can influence cell metabolism and improve the wellness of MS patients. The aim of this review is to provide a rationale for a nutritional intervention in MS by evaluating at the molecular level the effects of dietary molecules on the inflammatory and autoimmune processes involved in the disease. Present data reveal that healthy dietary molecules have a pleiotropic role and are able to change cell metabolism from anabolism to catabolism and down-regulate inflammation by interacting with enzymes, nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors. The control of gut dysbiosis and the combination of hypo-caloric, low-fat diets with specific vitamins, oligoelements and dietary integrators, including fish oil and polyphenols, may slow-down the progression of the disease and ameliorate the wellness of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riccio
- Dipartimento di Biologia D.B.A.F., University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
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26
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Shinto L, Marracci G, Bumgarner L, Yadav V. The effects of omega-3 Fatty acids on matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and cell migration in human immune cells: implications for multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune Dis 2011; 2011:134592. [PMID: 21799946 PMCID: PMC3140187 DOI: 10.4061/2011/134592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity contributes to inflammatory T cell migration into the central nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is associated with BBB disruption and subsequent T cell migration into the CNS. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on MMP-9 levels and T cell migration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls were pretreated with two types of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Cell supernatants were used to determine MMP-9 protein and activity levels. Jurkat cells were pretreated with EPA and DHA and were added to fibronectin-coated transwells to measure T cell migration. EPA and DHA significantly decreased MMP-9 protein levels, MMP-9 activity, and significantly inhibited human T cell migration. The data suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may benefit patients with multiple sclerosis by modulating immune cell production of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, CR 120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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27
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Riccio P, Rossano R, Liuzzi GM. May diet and dietary supplements improve the wellness of multiple sclerosis patients? A molecular approach. Autoimmune Dis 2011; 2010:249842. [PMID: 21461338 PMCID: PMC3065662 DOI: 10.4061/2010/249842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex and multifactorial neurological disease, and nutrition is one of the environmental factors possibly involved in its pathogenesis. At present, the role of nutrition is unclear, and MS therapy is not associated to a particular diet. MS clinical trials based on specific diets or dietary supplements are very few and in some cases controversial. To understand how diet can influence the course of MS and improve the wellness of MS patients, it is necessary to identify the dietary molecules, their targets and the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of the disease. The aim of this paper is to provide a molecular basis for the nutritional intervention in MS by evaluating at molecular level the effect of dietary molecules on the inflammatory and autoimmune processes involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccio
- Dipartimento di Biologia D.B.A.F., Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Liuzzi GM, Latronico T, Branà MT, Gramegna P, Coniglio MG, Rossano R, Larocca M, Riccio P. Structure-Dependent Inhibition of Gelatinases by Dietary Antioxidants in Rat Astrocytes and Sera of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:518-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Comparison of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia in the spinal cord between young adult and aged dogs. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:620-7. [PMID: 20012688 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are main form of active immune defense, and they are constantly moving and analyzing the CNS for damaged neurons and infectious agents. In this study, we compared microglia in the spinal cord of the young adult (1-2 years old) and aged (10-12 years old) German Shepherd dogs via immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), a microglial marker. In addition, we also observed the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), produced by activated microglia/macrophage, protein levels in these groups. At first, we found that neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a neuronal marker)-immunoreactive neurons were distributed throughout the grey mate of the spinal cord, and there were no significant differences between the adult and aged groups. Most of Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia were morphologically ramified microglia (resting form) in the adult group, while some Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia were morphologically activated microglia in the aged group. In western blot analysis, Iba-1, IFN-gamma and IL-1beta expression were increased in the aged group. This result may be associated with age-dependent changes in the spinal cord.
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Pul R, Kopadze T, Skripuletz T, Voss E, Kieseier B, Stangel M. Polyclonal immunoglobulins (IVIg) induce expression of MMP-9 in microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 217:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Coluccia A, Borracci P, Renna G, Giustino A, Latronico T, Riccio P, Carratù MR. Developmental omega‐3 supplementation improves motor skills in juvenile‐adult rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Coluccia
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Pietro Borracci
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Renna
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology “Ernesto Quagliariello”University of Bari70126BariItaly
| | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of BiologyD.B.A.F., University of Basilicata85100PotenzaItaly
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Pharmacology and Human PhysiologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Bari, PoliclinicoPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
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Mehta LR, Dworkin RH, Schwid SR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:82-92. [PMID: 19194388 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Considerable interest has been shown in the potential anti-inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Studies suggest a modest association between consumption of low levels of unsaturated fat and an increased incidence of MS. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA supplementation can reduce immune-cell activation via a number of complex pathways. Noncontrolled and controlled clinical trials of PUFA supplementation in patients with MS have, however, provided mixed results. These studies had important limitations in design and selection of outcome measures, and these factors might partially explain the inconsistent results. We propose that the potential role of PUFAs as disease-modifying, anti-inflammatory treatments for MS should be revisited in proof-of-concept trials that use accepted MRI outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahar R Mehta
- Neuroimmunology Unit, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 605, Rochester, NY 14586, USA.
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Shinto L, Marracci G, Baldauf-Wagner S, Strehlow A, Yadav V, Stuber L, Bourdette D. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 80:131-6. [PMID: 19171471 PMCID: PMC2692605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production by immune cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). Quality of life, fatty acid levels, and safety were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten participants with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) received omega-3 FA supplementation (9.6g/day fish oil) in an open-label study. Participants were evaluated at four time points, baseline, after 1 month of omega-3 FA supplementation, after 3 months of omega-3 FA supplementation, and after a 3-month wash out. RESULTS Immune cell secretion of MMP-9 decreased by 58% after 3 months of omega-3 FA supplementation when compared with baseline levels (p<0.01). This effect was coupled with a significant increase in omega-3 FA levels in red blood cell membranes. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 FA significantly decreased MMP-9 levels in RRMS and may act as an immune-modulator that has potential therapeutic benefit in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, CR120 Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Mingam R, Moranis A, Bluthé RM, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Kelley KW, Guesnet P, Lavialle M, Dantzer R, Layé S. Uncoupling of interleukin-6 from its signalling pathway by dietary n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation alters sickness behaviour in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 28:1877-86. [PMID: 18973601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sickness behaviour is an adaptive behavioural response to the activation of the innate immune system. It is mediated by brain cytokine production and action, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential fatty acids that are highly incorporated in brain cell membranes and display immunomodulating properties. We hypothesized that a decrease in n-3 (also known as omega3) PUFA brain level by dietary means impacts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 production and sickness behaviour. Our results show that mice exposed throughout life to a diet containing n-3 PUFA (n-3/n-6 diet) display a decrease in social interaction that does not occur in mice submitted to a diet devoid of n-3 PUFA (n-6 diet). LPS induced high IL-6 plasma levels as well as expression of IL-6 mRNA in the hippocampus and cFos mRNA in the brainstem of mice fed either diet, indicating intact immune-to-brain communication. However, STAT3 and STAT1 activation, a hallmark of the IL-6 signalling pathway, was lower in the hippocampus of LPS-treated n-6 mice than n-3/n-6 mice. In addition, LPS did not reduce social interaction in IL-6-knockout (IL-6-KO) mice and failed to induce STAT3 activation in the brain of IL-6-KO mice. Altogether, these findings point to alteration in brain STAT3 as a key mechanism for the lack of effect of LPS on social interaction in mice fed with the n-6 PUFA diet. The relative deficiency of Western diets in n-3 PUFA could impact on behavioural aspects of the host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozenn Mingam
- Psychoneuroimmunologie, Nutrition et Genetique, PsyNuGen, INRA 1286, CNRS 5226, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Woo MS, Park JS, Choi IY, Kim WK, Kim HS. Inhibition of MMP-3 or -9 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS in microglia. J Neurochem 2008; 106:770-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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