1
|
Der C, Courty PE, Recorbet G, Wipf D, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Sterols, pleiotropic players in plant-microbe interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:524-534. [PMID: 38565452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions (PMIs) are regulated through a wide range of mechanisms in which sterols from plants and microbes are involved in numerous ways, including recognition, transduction, communication, and/or exchanges between partners. Phytosterol equilibrium is regulated by PMIs through expression of genes involved in phytosterol biosynthesis, together with their accumulation. As such, PMI outcomes also include plasma membrane (PM) functionalization events, in which phytosterols have a central role, and activation of sterol-interacting proteins involved in cell signaling. In spite (or perhaps because) of such multifaceted abilities, an overall mechanism of sterol contribution is difficult to determine. However, promising approaches exploring sterol diversity, their contribution to PMI outcomes, and their localization would help us to decipher their crucial role in PMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han Z, Xiong D, Schneiter R, Tian C. The function of plant PR1 and other members of the CAP protein superfamily in plant-pathogen interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:651-668. [PMID: 36932700 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct classes (PR1-PR17). The mode of action of most of these PR proteins has been well characterized, except for PR1, which belongs to a widespread superfamily of proteins that share a common CAP domain. Proteins of this family are not only expressed in plants but also in humans and in many different pathogens, including phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. These proteins are associated with a diverse range of physiological functions. However, their precise mode of action has remained elusive. The importance of these proteins in immune defence is illustrated by the fact that PR1 overexpression in plants results in increased resistance against pathogens. However, PR1-like CAP proteins are also produced by pathogens and deletion of these genes results in reduced virulence, suggesting that CAP proteins can exert both defensive and offensive functions. Recent progress has revealed that plant PR1 is proteolytically cleaved to release a C-terminal CAPE1 peptide, which is sufficient to activate an immune response. The release of this signalling peptide is blocked by pathogenic effectors to evade immune defence. Moreover, plant PR1 forms complexes with other PR family members, including PR5, also known as thaumatin, and PR14, a lipid transfer protein, to enhance the host's immune response. Here, we discuss possible functions of PR1 proteins and their interactors, particularly in light of the fact that these proteins can bind lipids, which have important immune signalling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Han
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dianguang Xiong
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chengming Tian
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cordelier S, Crouzet J, Gilliard G, Dorey S, Deleu M, Dhondt-Cordelier S. Deciphering the role of plant plasma membrane lipids in response to invasion patterns: how could biology and biophysics help? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2765-2784. [PMID: 35560208 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to constantly face pathogen attacks. To cope with diseases, they have to detect the invading pathogen as early as possible via the sensing of conserved motifs called invasion patterns. The first step of perception occurs at the plasma membrane. While many invasion patterns are perceived by specific proteinaceous immune receptors, several studies have highlighted the influence of the lipid composition and dynamics of the plasma membrane in the sensing of invasion patterns. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how some microbial invasion patterns could interact with the lipids of the plasma membrane, leading to a plant immune response. Depending on the invasion pattern, different mechanisms are involved. This review outlines the potential of combining biological with biophysical approaches to decipher how plasma membrane lipids are involved in the perception of microbial invasion patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasconcelos AA, José J, Tokimatu PM, Camargo AP, Teixeira PJPL, Thomazella DPT, do Prado PFV, Fiorin GL, Costa JL, Figueira A, Carazzolle MF, Pereira GAG, Baroni RM. Adaptive evolution of Moniliophthora PR-1 proteins towards its pathogenic lifestyle. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:84. [PMID: 33990179 PMCID: PMC8120714 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are hemibiotrophic fungi that respectively cause the witches' broom disease and frosty pod rot in Theobroma cacao. Interestingly, a large number of plant PR-1-like genes are present in the genomes of both species and many are up-regulated during the biotrophic interaction. In this study, we investigated the evolution of PR-1 proteins from 22 genomes of Moniliophthora isolates and 16 other Agaricales species, performing genomic investigation, phylogenetic reconstruction, positive selection search and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed conserved PR-1 genes (PR-1a, b, d, j), shared by many Agaricales saprotrophic species, that have diversified in new PR-1 genes putatively related to pathogenicity in Moniliophthora (PR-1f, g, h, i), as well as in recent specialization cases within M. perniciosa biotypes (PR-1c, k, l) and M. roreri (PR-1n). PR-1 families in Moniliophthora with higher evolutionary rates exhibit induced expression in the biotrophic interaction and positive selection clues, supporting the hypothesis that these proteins accumulated adaptive changes in response to host-pathogen arms race. Furthermore, although previous work showed that MpPR-1 can detoxify plant antifungal compounds in yeast, we found that in the presence of eugenol M. perniciosa differentially expresses only MpPR-1e, k, d, of which two are not linked to pathogenicity, suggesting that detoxification might not be the main function of most MpPR-1. CONCLUSIONS Based on analyses of genomic and expression data, we provided evidence that the evolution of PR-1 in Moniliophthora was adaptive and potentially related to the emergence of the parasitic lifestyle in this genus. Additionally, we also discuss how fungal PR-1 proteins could have adapted from basal conserved functions to possible roles in fungal pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrielle A Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana José
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Tokimatu
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio P Camargo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela P T Thomazella
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula F V do Prado
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L Fiorin
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Costa
- Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Carazzolle
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo A G Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata M Baroni
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han C, Zhou H, Wu W, Chen X, Li H, Li Y, Feng D. Development and Validation of a Method to Simultaneously Determine Multiple Sterols in Diversiform Food Substrates with UPLC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Jaber R, Planchon A, Mathieu-Rivet E, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Zahid A, Plasson C, Pamlard O, Beaupierre S, Trouvé JP, Guillou C, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML, Mollet JC. Identification of two compounds able to improve flax resistance towards Fusarium oxysporum infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110690. [PMID: 33218648 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are surrounded by a diverse range of microorganisms that causes serious crop losses and requires the use of pesticides. Flax is a major crop in Normandy used for its fibres and is regularly challenged by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) f. sp. lini. To protect themselves, plants use "innate immunity" as a first line of defense level against pathogens. Activation of plant defense with elicitors could be an alternative for crop plant protection. A previous work was conducted by screening a chemical library and led to the identification of compounds able to activate defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four compounds were tested for their abilities to improve resistance of two flax varieties against Fo. Two of them, one natural (holaphyllamine or HPA) and one synthetic (M4), neither affected flax nor Fo growth. HPA and M4 induced oxidative burst and callose deposition. Furthermore, HPA and M4 caused changes in the expression patterns of defense-related genes coding a glucanase and a chitinase-like. Finally, plants pre-treated with HPA or M4 exhibited a significant decrease in the disease symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate that HPA and M4 are able to activate defense responses in flax and improve its resistance against Fo infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Jaber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Aline Planchon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Elodie Mathieu-Rivet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | | | - Abderrakib Zahid
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Carole Plasson
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Olivier Pamlard
- Unité de catalyse et chimie du solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Sandra Beaupierre
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR CNRS 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eisermann I, Weihmann F, Krijger JJ, Kröling C, Hause G, Menzel M, Pienkny S, Kiesow A, Deising HB, Wirsel SGR. Two genes in a pathogenicity gene cluster encoding secreted proteins are required for appressorial penetration and infection of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4773-4791. [PMID: 31599055 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To avoid pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition, the hemibiotrophic maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola secretes proteins mediating the establishment of biotrophy. Targeted deletion of 26 individual candidate genes and seven gene clusters comprising 32 genes of C. graminicola identified a pathogenicity cluster (CLU5) of five co-linear genes, all of which, with the exception of CLU5b, encode secreted proteins. Targeted deletion of all genes of CLU5 revealed that CLU5a and CLU5d are required for full appressorial penetration competence, with virulence deficiencies independent of the host genotype and organ inoculated. Cytorrhysis experiments and microscopy showed that Δclu5a mutants form pressurized appressoria, but they are hampered in forming penetration pores and fail to differentiate a penetration peg. Whereas Δclu5d mutants elicited WT-like papillae, albeit at increased frequencies, papillae induced by Δclu5a mutants were much smaller than those elicited by the WT. Synteny of CLU5 is not only conserved in Colletotrichum spp. but also in additional species of Sordariomycetes including insect pathogens and saprophytes suggesting importance of CLU5 for fungal biology. Since CLU5a and CLU5d also occur in non-pathogenic fungi and since they are expressed prior to plant invasion and even in vegetative hyphae, the encoded proteins probably do not act primarily as effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eisermann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fabian Weihmann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jorrit-Jan Krijger
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Kröling
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Abteilung Obst-, Gemüse- und Weinbau, August-Böckstiegel-Str. 1, D-01326, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biozentrum der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Biologische und makromolekulare Materialien, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Silke Pienkny
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Biologische und makromolekulare Materialien, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan G R Wirsel
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identification of Candidate Ergosterol-Responsive Proteins Associated with the Plasma Membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061302. [PMID: 30875866 PMCID: PMC6471938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of fungal diseases on crop production negatively reflects on sustainable food production and overall economic health. Ergosterol is the major sterol component in fungal membranes and regarded as a general elicitor or microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecule. Although plant responses to ergosterol have been reported, the perception mechanism is still unknown. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana protein fractions were used to identify those differentially regulated following ergosterol treatment; additionally, they were subjected to affinity-based chromatography enrichment strategies to capture and categorize ergosterol-interacting candidate proteins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mature plants were treated with 250 nM ergosterol over a 24 h period, and plasma membrane-associated fractions were isolated. In addition, ergosterol was immobilized on two different affinity-based systems to capture interacting proteins/complexes. This resulted in the identification of defense-related proteins such as chitin elicitor receptor kinase (CERK), non-race specific disease resistance/harpin-induced (NDR1/HIN1)-like protein, Ras-related proteins, aquaporins, remorin protein, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- receptor like kinases (RLKs), G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (GsSRK), and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. Furthermore, the results elucidated unknown signaling responses to this MAMP, including endocytosis, and other similarities to those previously reported for bacterial flagellin, lipopolysaccharides, and fungal chitin.
Collapse
|
9
|
Le Mire G, Siah A, Marolleau B, Gaucher M, Maumené C, Brostaux Y, Massart S, Brisset MN, Jijakli MH. Evaluation of λ-Carrageenan, CpG-ODN, Glycine Betaine, Spirulina platensis, and Ergosterol as Elicitors for Control of Zymoseptoria tritici in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:409-417. [PMID: 30161014 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-17-0367-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat crops are constantly challenged by the pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) disease. The present study reports the evaluation of five elicitor compounds (λ-carrageenan, cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodesoxynucleotide motifs [CpG ODN], glycine betaine, Spirulina platensis, and ergosterol) for the protection of wheat against STB in order to offer new alternative tools to farmers for sustainable crop protection. Screening of elicitors of wheat defenses was carried out through a succession of experiments: biocidal in vitro tests enabled checking for any fungicidal activities, glasshouse experiments allowed determination of the efficacy of a given compound in protecting wheat against STB, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction biomolecular tests investigated the relative expression of 23 defense genes in treated versus untreated plants. Therefore, we demonstrated that λ-carrageenan, CpG-ODN, glycine betaine, S. platensis, and ergosterol are potential elicitors of wheat defenses. Foliar treatment with these compounds conferred protection of wheat by up to approximately 70% against Z. tritici under semicontrolled conditions and induced both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathways in the plant. These findings contribute to extending the narrow list of potential elicitors of wheat defenses against Z. tritici.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Le Mire
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Ali Siah
- 2 Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA) Lille, Institut de recherche Charles Violette (EA 7394), 48 Boulevard Vauban, F-59046 Lille cedex, France
| | - Brice Marolleau
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Gaucher
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Claude Maumené
- 4 Arvalis-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France; and
| | - Yves Brostaux
- 5 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Statistiques, Informatiques et Mathématiques appliqués à la bioingénierie
| | - Sebastien Massart
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| | - Marie-Noëlle Brisset
- 3 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), INRA Angers, Equipe ResPOM, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - M Haissam Jijakli
- 1 Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Centre de recherche TERRA, Laboratoire de phytopathologie intégrée et urbaine, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu Z, Li G, Sun Y, Niu Y, Ma L, He B, Ai M, Han J, Zeng B. Gene transcription profiling of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 treated with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:43-52. [PMID: 30637636 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol, a unique component of fungal cells, is not only important for fungal growth and stress responses but also holds great economic value. Limited studies have been performed on ergosterol biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae, a safe filamentous fungus that has been used for the manufacture of oriental fermented foods. This study revealed that the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and A. oryzae 3.042 by treatment with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and bioinformatics analysis. However, the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in A. oryzae 3.042 is more complicated than that in S. cerevisiae as there are multiple paralogs encoding the same biosynthetic enzymes. Using RNA-seq, this study identified 138 and 104 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in response to the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors tebuconazole and terbinafine, respectively. The results showed that the most common DEGs were transport- and metabolism-related genes. There were only 17 DEGs regulated by both tebuconazole and terbinafine treatments and there were 256 DEGs between tebuconazole and terbinafine treatments. These results provide new information on A. oryzae ergosterol biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms, which may lay the foundation for genetic modification of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in A. oryzae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yali Niu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Long Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Mingqiang Ai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jizhong Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pharmaceutic Prodigy of Ergosterol and Protein Profile of Ganoderma lucidum. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Jassbi AR, Zare S, Asadollahi M, Schuman MC. Ecological Roles and Biological Activities of Specialized Metabolites from the Genus Nicotiana. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12227-12280. [PMID: 28960061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history, Nicotiana tabacum has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops. Nicotiana species are frequently investigated for their bioactive natural products, and the ecological role of their specialized metabolites in responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores. The interest of tobacco companies in genetic information as well as the success of a few wild tobacco species as experimental model organisms have resulted in growing knowledge about the molecular biology and ecology of these plants and functional studies of the plant's natural products. Although a large number of reviews and books on biologically active natural products already exists, mostly from N. tabacum, we focus our attention on the ecological roles and biological activity of natural products, versus products from cured and processed material, in this Review. The studied compounds include alkaloids, aromatic compounds, flavonoids, volatiles, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes alcohols, and sugar esters from trichomes of the plants, and recently characterized acyclic hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). In this Review (1800s-2017), we describe the above-mentioned classes of natural products, emphasizing their biological activities and functions as they have been determined either in bioassay-guided purification approaches or in bioassays with plants in which the expression of specific biosynthetic genes has been genetically manipulated. Additionally, a review on the history, taxonomy, ecology, and medicinal application of different Nicotiana species growing around the globe presented in this Review may be of interest for pharmacognosists, natural products, and ecological chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dahlin P, Srivastava V, Ekengren S, McKee LS, Bulone V. Comparative analysis of sterol acquisition in the oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica and Phytophthora infestans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170873. [PMID: 28152045 PMCID: PMC5289490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete class includes pathogens of animals and plants which are responsible for some of the most significant global losses in agriculture and aquaculture. There is a need to replace traditional chemical means of controlling oomycete growth with more targeted approaches, and the inhibition of sterol synthesis is one promising area. To better direct these efforts, we have studied sterol acquisition in two model organisms: the sterol-autotrophic Saprolegnia parasitica, and the sterol-heterotrophic Phytophthora infestans. We first present a comprehensive reconstruction of a likely sterol synthesis pathway for S. parasitica, causative agent of the disease saprolegniasis in fish. This pathway shows multiple potential routes of sterol synthesis, and draws on several avenues of new evidence: bioinformatic mining for genes with sterol-related functions, expression analysis of these genes, and analysis of the sterol profiles in mycelium grown in different media. Additionally, we explore the extent to which P. infestans, which causes the late blight in potato, can modify exogenously provided sterols. We consider whether the two very different approaches to sterol acquisition taken by these pathogens represent any specific survival advantages or potential drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dahlin
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University (SU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ekengren
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University (SU), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren S. McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weihmann F, Eisermann I, Becher R, Krijger JJ, Hübner K, Deising HB, Wirsel SGR. Correspondence between symptom development of Colletotrichum graminicola and fungal biomass, quantified by a newly developed qPCR assay, depends on the maize variety. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:94. [PMID: 27215339 PMCID: PMC4877754 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penetration attempts of the hemibiotroph Colletotrichum graminicola may activate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) on different cultivars of Zea mays to different extent. However, in most events, this does not prevent the establishment of a compatible pathogenic interaction. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the host variety influences PTI. Furthermore, we assess whether visual disease symptoms occurring on different maize varieties reliably reflect fungal biomass development in planta as determined by qPCR and GFP tracing. RESULTS Employing a set of four maize varieties, which were selected from a panel of 27 varieties, for in-depth assessment of pathogenesis of the wild type strain of C. graminicola, revealed considerable differences in susceptibility as evidenced by symptom severity that decreased from variety Golden Jubilee to Mikado to Farmtop to B73. However, a newly developed qPCR assay and microscopical observation of a GFP-labelled strain showed that disease symptoms are in some instances inconsistent when compared with other indicators of susceptibility. Of the four varieties assessed, either Golden Jubilee, Mikado and B73, or Golden Jubilee, Farmtop and B73 showed a direct correlation between symptom and fungal biomass development. In a pairwise comparison, however, Mikado and Farmtop showed an inverse correlation for these features. CONCLUSIONS The genotype of maize contributes to the severity of symptoms resulting from an infection with C. graminicola. Partially, this may be attributed to the extent of PTI activated in different varieties, as reflected by papilla formation. Furthermore, when evaluating the susceptibility of a variety, it should be considered that symptom severity must not have to reflect the extent of fungal growth in the infected tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weihmann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Iris Eisermann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rayko Becher
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jorrit-Jan Krijger
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Konstantin Hübner
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung (IZN), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung (IZN), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan G R Wirsel
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Nutzpflanzenforschung (IZN), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho CL, Tan YC, Yeoh KA, Ghazali AK, Yee WY, Hoh CC. De novo transcriptome analyses of host-fungal interactions in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:66. [PMID: 26781612 PMCID: PMC4717632 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal stem rot (BSR) is a fungal disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) which is caused by hemibiotrophic white rot fungi belonging to the Ganoderma genus. Molecular responses of oil palm to these pathogens are not well known although this information is crucial to strategize effective measures to eradicate BSR. In order to elucidate the molecular interactions between oil palm and G. boninense and its biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, we compared the root transcriptomes of untreated oil palm seedlings with those inoculated with G. boninense and T. harzianum, respectively. Results Differential gene expression analyses revealed that jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) may act in an antagonistic manner in affecting the hormone biosynthesis, signaling, and downstream defense responses in G. boninense-treated oil palm roots. In addition, G. boninense may compete with the host to control disease symptom through the transcriptional regulation of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging. The strengthening of host cell walls and production of pathogenesis-related proteins as well as antifungal secondary metabolites in host plants, are among the important defense mechanisms deployed by oil palm against G. boninense. Meanwhile, endophytic T. harzianum was shown to improve the of nutrition status and nutrient transportation in host plants. Conclusion The findings of this analysis have enhanced our understanding on the molecular interactions of G. boninense and oil palm, and also the biocontrol mechanisms involving T. harzianum, thus contributing to future formulations of better strategies for prevention and treatment of BSR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2368-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Ling Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yung-Chie Tan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Keat-Ai Yeoh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad-Kamal Ghazali
- Codon Genomics S/B, 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wai-Yan Yee
- Codon Genomics S/B, 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee-Choong Hoh
- Codon Genomics S/B, 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kettles GJ, Kanyuka K. Dissecting the Molecular Interactions between Wheat and the Fungal Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:508. [PMID: 27148331 PMCID: PMC4832604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Dothideomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici (previously known as Mycosphaerella graminicola and Septoria tritici) is the causative agent of Septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB) disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In Europe, STB is the most economically damaging disease of wheat, with an estimated ∼€1 billion per year in fungicide expenditure directed toward its control. Here, an overview of our current understanding of the molecular events that occur during Z. tritici infection of wheat leaves is presented. On the host side, this includes the contribution of (1) the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) layer of plant defense, and (2) major Stb loci for resistance against Z. tritici. On the pathogen side of the interaction, we consolidate evidence from recent bioinformatic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies that begin to explain the contribution of Z. tritici effector proteins to the biphasic lifestyle of the fungus. This includes the discovery of chitin-binding proteins in the Z. tritici secretome, which contribute to evasion of immune surveillance by this pathogen, and the possible existence of 'necrotrophic' effectors from Z. tritici, which may actively stimulate host recognition in a manner similar to related necrotrophic fungal pathogens. We finish by speculating on how some of these recent fundamental discoveries might be harnessed to help improve resistance to STB in the world's second largest food crop.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wiesel L, Newton AC, Elliott I, Booty D, Gilroy EM, Birch PRJ, Hein I. Molecular effects of resistance elicitors from biological origin and their potential for crop protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:655. [PMID: 25484886 PMCID: PMC4240061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain a sophisticated innate immune network to prevent pathogenic microbes from gaining access to nutrients and from colonizing internal structures. The first layer of inducible response is governed by the plant following the perception of microbe- or modified plant-derived molecules. As the perception of these molecules results in a plant response that can provide efficient resistance toward non-adapted pathogens they can also be described as "defense elicitors." In compatible plant/microbe interactions, adapted microorganisms have means to avoid or disable this resistance response and promote virulence. However, this requires a detailed spatial and temporal response from the invading pathogens. In agricultural practice, treating plants with isolated defense elicitors in the absence of pathogens can promote plant resistance by uncoupling defense activation from the effects of pathogen virulence determinants. The plant responses to plant, bacterial, oomycete, or fungal-derived elicitors are not, in all cases, universal and need elucidating prior to the application in agriculture. This review provides an overview of currently known elicitors of biological rather than synthetic origin and places their activity into a molecular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Wiesel
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - Adrian C. Newton
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Life Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| | - Ingo Hein
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klemptner RL, Sherwood JS, Tugizimana F, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Ergosterol, an orphan fungal microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:747-61. [PMID: 24528492 PMCID: PMC6638689 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to crop production and food supply. The early stages of plant-fungus interactions are mostly mediated by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules, perceived by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Currently, the identified fungal MAMP molecules include chitin, chitosan, β-glucans, elicitins and ergosterol. Although the molecular battles between host plants and infecting fungal phytopathogens have been studied extensively, many aspects still need to be investigated to obtain a holistic understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms, which is paramount in combating fungal plant diseases. Here, an overview is given of the most recent findings concerning an 'orphan' fungal MAMP molecule, ergosterol, and we present what is currently known from a synopsis of different genes, proteins and metabolites found to play key roles in induced immune responses in plant-fungus interactions. Clearly, integrative investigations are still needed to provide a comprehensive systems-based understanding of the dynamics associated with molecular mechanisms in plant-ergosterol interactions and associated host responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Klemptner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Multi-platform metabolomic analyses of ergosterol-induced dynamic changes in Nicotiana tabacum cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87846. [PMID: 24498209 PMCID: PMC3909234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is providing new dimensions into understanding the intracellular adaptive responses in plants to external stimuli. In this study, a multi-technology-metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of the fungal sterol, ergosterol, on the metabolome of cultured tobacco cells. Cell suspensions were treated with different concentrations (0-1000 nM) of ergosterol and incubated for different time periods (0-24 h). Intracellular metabolites were extracted with two methods: a selective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and a general methanol extraction. Chromatographic techniques (GC-FID, GC-MS, GC × GC-TOF-MS, UHPLC-MS) and (1)H NMR spectroscopy were used for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Multivariate data analyses (PCA and OPLS-DA models) were used to extract interpretable information from the multidimensional data generated from the analytical techniques. The results showed that ergosterol triggered differential changes in the metabolome of the cells, leading to variation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. PCA scores plots revealed dose- and time-dependent metabolic variations, with optimal treatment conditions being found to be 300 nM ergosterol and an 18 h incubation period. The observed ergosterol-induced metabolic changes were correlated with changes in defence-related metabolites. The 'defensome' involved increases in terpenoid metabolites with five antimicrobial compounds (the bicyclic sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins: phytuberin, solavetivone, capsidiol, lubimin and rishitin) and other metabolites (abscisic acid and phytosterols) putatively identified. In addition, various phenylpropanoid precursors, cinnamic acid derivatives and - conjugates, coumarins and lignin monomers were annotated. These annotated metabolites revealed a dynamic reprogramming of metabolic networks that are functionally correlated, with a high complexity in their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dadakova K, Klempova J, Jendrisakova T, Lochman J, Kasparovsky T. Elucidation of signaling molecules involved in ergosterol perception in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:121-7. [PMID: 24095918 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ergosterol, a principal compound of the fungal plasma membrane, is regarded as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern. In the present study, the role of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and spermine signaling pathways after ergosterol elicitation were evaluated. SA, JA and spermine production, as well as accumulation of transcripts for a lipoxygenase (NaLOX3) gene, the phenylalanine-ammonia lyase gene, selected pathogenesis-related genes (PR1, PR5), and peroxidase tPOXC1 were determined in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) in response to ergosterol elicitation. To understand the sequence of the signaling cascade, several representative steps involved in the synthesis of crucial signaling molecules were targeted using specific inhibitors. SA signaling pathway, together with calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and nitric oxide, was demonstrated to play an important role in the induction of defense-related genes following ergosterol treatment. The results suggested that nitric oxide participates in defense-related gene activation following ergosterol treatment but does not directly participate in activation of reactive oxygen species production. The induction of PR5 and tPOXC1 transcripts was found to be not fully dependent on calmodulin/Ca2+ and SA signaling, contrary to the PR1a transcript. A possible candidate for this SA-independent pathway is the spermine pathway, as elevated spermine levels were detected following ergosterol treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dadakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim PD, Šašek V, Burketová L, Čopíková J, Synytsya A, Jindřichová B, Valentová O. Cell wall components of Leptosphaeria maculans enhance resistance of Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5207-5214. [PMID: 23638999 DOI: 10.1021/jf401221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparations with elicitation activity were obtained from the mycelium of Leptosphaeria maculans , a fungal pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Crude delipidated and deproteinized extract from fungal cell walls induced expression of pathogenesis related gene 1 (PR1), hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and enhanced resistance of B. napus plants toward infection by L. maculans. Elicitation activity significantly decreased after treatment of a crude extract with α- or β-glucanase. Monosaccharide composition analysis of a crude extract purified by ion-exchange chromatography revealed glucose (∼58 mol %), mannose (∼22 mol %), and galactose (∼18 mol %) as the major sugars. FT-IR and NMR spectra confirmed the presence of both carbohydrate and polypeptide components in the purified product. Correlation NMR experiments defined trisaccharide bound to O-3 of serine residue α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-β-D-Galf-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-L-Ser. Terminal α-D-Glcp and (1→6)-β-D-glucan were also detected. The obtained results strongly support the conclusion that these carbohydrates induce defense response in B. napus plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Dinh Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and ‡Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Ergosterol-induced sesquiterpenoid synthesis in tobacco cells. Molecules 2012; 17:1698-715. [PMID: 22322447 PMCID: PMC6268458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have the ability to continuously respond to microbial signals in their environment. One of these stimuli is a steroid from fungal membranes, ergosterol, which does not occur in plants, but acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule to trigger defence mechanisms. Here we investigated the effect of ergosterol on the secondary metabolites in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells by profiling the induced sesquiterpenoids. Suspensions of tobacco cells were treated with different concentrations (0-1,000 nM) of ergosterol and incubated for different time periods (0-24 h). Metabolites were extracted with a selective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction method. Thin layer chromatography was used as a screening method for identification of sesquiterpenoids in tobacco extracts. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used for quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results showed that ergosterol triggered differential changes in the metabolome of tobacco cells, leading to variation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Metabolomic analysis through principal component analysis-scores plots revealed clusters of sample replicates for ergosterol treatments of 0, 50, 150, 300 and 1,000 nM and time-dependent variation at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Five bicyclic sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins, capsidiol, lubimin, rishitin, solavetivone and phytuberin, were identified as being ergosterol-induced, contributing to the altered metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; (F.T.); (P.A.S.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; (F.T.); (P.A.S.); (L.A.P.)
- Drug Discovery and Development, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; (F.T.); (P.A.S.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa; (F.T.); (P.A.S.); (L.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vatsa P, Chiltz A, Luini E, Vandelle E, Pugin A, Roblin G. Cytosolic calcium rises and related events in ergosterol-treated Nicotiana cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:764-73. [PMID: 21530285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The typical fungal membrane component ergosterol was previously shown to trigger defence responses and protect plants against pathogens. Most of the elicitors mobilize the second messenger calcium, to trigger plant defences. We checked the involvement of calcium in response to ergosterol using Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi cells expressing apoaequorin in the cytosol. First, it was verified if ergosterol was efficient in these cells inducing modifications of proton fluxes and increased expression of defence-related genes. Then, it was shown that ergosterol induced a rapid and transient biphasic increase of free [Ca²⁺](cyt) which intensity depends on ergosterol concentration in the range 0.002-10 μM. Among sterols, this calcium mobilization was specific for ergosterol and, ergosterol-induced pH and [Ca²⁺](cyt) changes were specifically desensitized after two subsequent applications of ergosterol. Specific modulators allowed elucidating some events in the signalling pathway triggered by ergosterol. The action of BAPTA, LaCl₃, nifedipine, verapamil, neomycin, U73122 and ruthenium red suggested that the first phase was linked to calcium influx from external medium which subsequently triggered the second phase linked to calcium release from internal stores. The calcium influx and the [Ca²⁺](cyt) increase depended on upstream protein phosphorylation. The extracellular alkalinization and ROS production depended on calcium influx but, the ergosterol-induced MAPK activation was calcium-independent. ROS were not involved in cytosolic calcium rise as described in other models, indicating that ROS do not systematically participate in the amplification of calcium signalling. Interestingly, ergosterol-induced ROS production is not linked to cell death and ergosterol does not induce any calcium elevation in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Vatsa
- UMR CNRS/INRA/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue de Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shao S, Hernandez M, Kramer JKG, Rinker DL, Tsao R. Ergosterol profiles, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant activities of button mushrooms as affected by tissue part and developmental stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11616-11625. [PMID: 20961043 DOI: 10.1021/jf102285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article investigated the mycochemical profiles and the antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extracts of the white and brown button mushrooms. We found that only free ergosterols were present in both mushrooms at 2.04-4.82 mg/g dry matter (DM). Ergosterol concentration was higher in early growth stages but decreased as the mushrooms grew, and it distributed evenly between the caps and stems during early developmental stages but accumulated more in the caps after maturation. The photochemiluminescence (PCL) values of the two mushrooms were 5.49-10.48 nmol trolox equivalent/mg DM, and the EC50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay ranged 20.19-41.49 mg DM/μg DPPH. The ergosterol content positively correlated with the antioxidant activities (r2>0.89). The total fatty acid content was 8.7 mg/g DM in the white and 5.1 mg/g DM in the brown button mushroom and contained mainly linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Our data provide guidance for optimized harvesting time of mushrooms and maximized health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Shao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raffaele S, Bayer E, Mongrand S. Upregulation of the plant protein remorin correlates with dehiscence and cell maturation: a link with the maturation of plasmodesmata? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:915-9. [PMID: 19826231 PMCID: PMC2801352 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.10.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Remorins are plant-specific proteins found associated with plasma membrane microdomains, called lipid rafts. Recently, we have shown that this lipid raft marker also accumulated at plasmodesmata, likely within the plasma membrane lining these structures. Here, we have investigated the gene expression and protein accumulation patterns of remorin at the organ and cell type levels. We show that remorin level is significantly increased in dehiscent, mature and ageing tissues, as well as in source parts of the leaves, where mature branched plasmodesmata are in majority. These results suggest that remorin predominantly associates with mature branched plasmodesmata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lazzarato L, Trebbi G, Pagnucco C, Franchin C, Torrigiani P, Betti L. Exogenous spermidine, arsenic and beta-aminobutyric acid modulate tobacco resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, and affect local and systemic glucosylsalicylic acid levels and arginine decarboxylase gene expression in tobacco leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 166:90-100. [PMID: 18462831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The polyamine spermidine and the metalloid arsenic increased resistance responses in the well-known pathosystem NN tobacco/tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Both the hypersensitive response to TMV in a leaf disk model system (inoculated disks floating in the 0.1mM treatments) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in whole plants were significantly affected. In the latter case, 1mM foliar sprays of spermidine and arsenic were as effective as TMV and dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA), both taken as positive controls, in improving the plant's response to subsequent challenge inoculation with TMV. Moreover, this phenotypic response was correlated with changes in the endogenous concentration of the SAR-related molecule salicylic acid and in transcript levels of some pathogenesis/stress-related genes (pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1a and PR-2 and arginine decarboxylase (ADC)). Concentrations of free salicylic acid and of 2-O-beta-d-glucosylsalicylic acid and mRNA amount of PR-1a, PR-2 and ADC were analyzed in plants treated with either spermidine or arsenic, and compared with those from untreated plants and from positive (TMV-inoculated or BABA-treated) controls. Conjugated salicylic acid content and ADC transcripts were found to significantly increase, at both the local and systemic levels, relative to untreated controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lazzarato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boller T, Felix G. A renaissance of elicitors: perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals by pattern-recognition receptors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 60:379-406. [PMID: 19400727 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1895] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are molecular signatures typical of whole classes of microbes, and their recognition plays a key role in innate immunity. Endogenous elicitors are similarly recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This review focuses on the diversity of MAMPs/DAMPs and on progress to identify the corresponding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in plants. The two best-characterized MAMP/PRR pairs, flagellin/FLS2 and EF-Tu/EFR, are discussed in detail and put into a phylogenetic perspective. Both FLS2 and EFR are leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs). Upon treatment with flagellin, FLS2 forms a heteromeric complex with BAK1, an LRR-RK that also acts as coreceptor for the brassinolide receptor BRI1. The importance of MAMP/PRR signaling for plant immunity is highlighted by the finding that plant pathogens use effectors to inhibit PRR complexes or downstream signaling events. Current evidence indicates that MAMPs, DAMPs, and effectors are all perceived as danger signals and induce a stereotypic defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boller
- Botanisches Institut, Universität Basel, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ferreira RB, Monteiro S, Freitas R, Santos CN, Chen Z, Batista LM, Duarte J, Borges A, Teixeira AR. The role of plant defence proteins in fungal pathogenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:677-700. [PMID: 20507530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that a plant-pathogen interaction may be compared to an open warfare, whose major weapons are proteins synthesized by both organisms. These weapons were gradually developed in what must have been a multimillion-year evolutionary game of ping-pong. The outcome of each battle results in the establishment of resistance or pathogenesis. The plethora of resistance mechanisms exhibited by plants may be grouped into constitutive and inducible, and range from morphological to structural and chemical defences. Most of these mechanisms are defensive, exhibiting a passive role, but some are highly active against pathogens, using as major targets the fungal cell wall, the plasma membrane or intracellular targets. A considerable overlap exists between pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antifungal proteins. However, many of the now considered 17 families of PR proteins do not present any known role as antipathogen activity, whereas among the 13 classes of antifungal proteins, most are not PR proteins. Discovery of novel antifungal proteins and peptides continues at a rapid pace. In their long coevolution with plants, phytopathogens have evolved ways to avoid or circumvent the plant defence weaponry. These include protection of fungal structures from plant defence reactions, inhibition of elicitor-induced plant defence responses and suppression of plant defences. A detailed understanding of the molecular events that take place during a plant-pathogen interaction is an essential goal for disease control in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica e Engenharia Biológica, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|