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Pacyga DC, Papandonatos GD, Rosas L, Whalen J, Smith S, Park JS, Gardiner JC, Braun JM, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with maternal early second trimester sex-steroid hormones. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114380. [PMID: 38657330 PMCID: PMC11127781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pregnant women are exposed to persistent environmental contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that disrupt thyroid function. However, it is unclear if PFAS alter maternal sex-steroid hormone levels, which support pregnancy health and fetal development. METHODS In Illinois women with relatively high socioeconomic status (n = 460), we quantified perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetic acid, perfluorohexanesulphonic (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic (PFDeA), and perfluoroundecanoic (PFUdA) acid concentrations in fasting serum samples at median 17 weeks gestation, along with plasma progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol. We evaluated covariate-adjusted associations of ln-transformed hormones with each ln-transformed PFAS individually using linear regression and with the PFAS mixture using quantile-based g-computation (QGComp). RESULTS Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PFOS were associated with higher progesterone (%Δ 3.0; 95%CI: -0.6, 6.6) and estradiol (%Δ: 8.1; 95%CI: 2.2, 14.4) levels. Additionally, PFHxS was positively associated with testosterone (%Δ: 10.2; 95%CI: 4.0, 16.7), whereas both PFDeA and PFUdA were inversely associated with testosterone (%Δ: -5.7; 95%CI: -10.3, -0.8, and %Δ: -4.1; 95%CI: -7.6, -0.4, respectively). The IQR-standardized PFAS mixture was not associated with progesterone (%Δ: 1.6; 95%CI: -5.8, 9.2), due equal partial positive (%Δ: 9.2; driven by PFOA) and negative (%Δ: -7.4; driven by PFOS) mixture associations. Similarly, the mixture was not associated with testosterone (%Δ: 5.3; 95%CI: -9.0, 20.1), due to similar partial positive (%Δ: 23.6; driven by PFHxS) and negative (%Δ: -17.4; driven by PFDeA) mixture associations. However, we observed a slightly stronger partial positive (%Δ: 25.6; driven by PFOS and PFUdA) than negative (%Δ: -16.3; driven by PFOA) association resulting in an overall non-significant positive trend between the mixture and estradiol (%Δ: 8.5; 95%CI: -3.7, 20.9). CONCLUSION PFAS mixture modeled using QGComp was not associated with maternal sex-steroid hormones due to potential opposing effects of certain PFAS. Additional prospective studies could corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Libeth Rosas
- The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jason Whalen
- Michigan Diabetes Research Center Chemistry Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sabrina Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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2
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Teliti M, Calì B, Chytiris S, Magri F, Rotondi M. Do PFCAs drive the establishment of thyroid cancer microenvironment? Effects of C6O4, PFOA and PFHxA exposure in two models of human thyroid cells in primary culture. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108717. [PMID: 38728818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental pollutants is suspected to be one of the potential causes accounting for the increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence worldwide. Among the ubiquitous pollutants, per-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), were demonstrated to exert thyroid disrupting effects. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) represent a subgroup of PFAS and include perfluoro carboxylic acids (PFOA and PFHxA) and perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid (C6O4). The potential relationship between exposure to PFCAs and TC was not yet fully elucidated. This in vitro study investigated whether certain PFCAs (C6O4, PFOA, and PFHxA) can influence the composition of TC microenvironment. METHODS Two models of normal thyroid cells in primary cultures: Adherent (A-NHT) and Spheroids (S-NHT) were employed. A-NHT and S-NHT were exposed to C6O4, PFOA or PFHxA (0; 0.01; 0.1, 1; 10; 100; 1000 ng/mL) to assess viability (WST-1 and AV/PI assay), evaluate spherification index (SI) and volume specifically in S-NHT. CXCL8 and CCL2 (mRNA and protein), and EMT-related genes were assessed in both models after exposure to PFCAs. RESULTS PFHxA reduced the viability of both A-NHT and S-NHT. None of the PFCAs interfered with the volume or spherification process in S-NHT. CXCL8 and CCL2 mRNA and protein levels were differently up-regulated by each PFCAs, being PFOA and PFHxA the stronger inducers. Moreover, among the tested PFCAs, PFHxA induced a more consistent increase in the mRNA levels of EMT-related genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evaluation of the effects of exposure to PFCAs on factors potentially involved in establishing the TC microenvironment. PFHxA modulated the TC microenvironment at three levels: cell viability, pro-tumorigenic chemokines, and EMT-genes. The results provide further evidence of the pro-tumorigenic effect of PFOA. On the other hand, a marginal effect was observed for C6O4 on pro-tumorigenic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marsida Teliti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetto Calì
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Pavia, (PV) 27100, Italy
| | - Spyridon Chytiris
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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3
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Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Korevaar T, Martin L, Sun Y, Bibi Z, Torres N, Coburn-Sanderson A, First O, Souter I, Petrozza JC, Broeren MAC, Botelho JC, Calafat AM, Wang YX, Messerlian C. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function biomarkers among females attending a fertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123513. [PMID: 38350534 PMCID: PMC10950513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure was associated with changes in thyroid function in pregnant mothers and the general population. Limited such evidence exists in other susceptible populations such as females with fertility problems. This cross-sectional study included 287 females seeking medically assisted reproduction at a fertility clinic in Massachusetts, United States, between 2005 and 2019. Six long-alkyl chain PFAS, thyroid hormones, and autoimmune antibodies were quantified in baseline serum samples. We used generalized linear models and quantile g-computation to evaluate associations of individual PFAS and their total mixture with thyroid biomarkers. Most females were White individuals (82.7%), had graduate degrees (57.8%), and nearly half had unexplained subfertility (45.9%). Serum concentrations of all examined PFAS and their mixture were significantly associated with 2.6%-5.6% lower total triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations. Serum concentrations of perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), and of the total mixture were associated with higher ratios of free thyroxine (FT4) to free triiodothyronine (FT3). No associations were found for PFAS and TSH or autoimmune antibodies. Our findings support the thyroid-disrupting effect of long alkyl-chain PFAS among a vulnerable population of subfertile females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain. University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - T.I.M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leah Martin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Torres
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayanna Coburn-Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia First
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Souter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C. Petrozza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maarten A. C. Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Julianne C. Botelho
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Davidsen N, Ramhøj L, Ballegaard ASR, Rosenmai AK, Henriksen CS, Svingen T. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) disrupts cadherin-16 in the developing rat thyroid gland. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100154. [PMID: 38352163 PMCID: PMC10861841 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) can disrupt the thyroid hormone (TH) system in rodents, potentially affecting perinatal growth and neurodevelopment. Some studies also suggest that gestational exposure to PFOS can lead to lower TH levels throughout life, indicating that PFOS may compromise thyroid gland development. To address this question, we utilized a rat thyroid gland ex vivo culture system to study direct effects of PFOS on the developing thyroid. No significant changes to follicular structure or size were observed with 1 µM or 10 µM PFOS exposure. However, the transcription factor Foxe1, together with Tpo and Lrp2, were upregulated, whereas the key transcription factor Pax8 and its downstream target gene Cdh16 were significantly downregulated at the transcript level, observed with both RT-qPCR and RNAscope. Notably, Cdh16 expression was not uniformly downregulated across Cdh16-postive cells, but instead displayed a patchy expression pattern across the thyroid gland. This is a significant change in expression pattern compared to control thyroids where Cdh16 is expressed relatively uniformly. The disrupted expression pattern was also seen at the protein level. This suggests that PFOS exposure can impact follicular growth and structure. Compromised follicle integrity, if irreversible, could help explain reduced TH synthesis postnatally. This view is supported by observed changes to Tpo and Lrp2 expression, two factors that play a role in TH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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5
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Du Y, Chen C, Zhou G, Cai Z, Man Q, Liu B, Wang WC. Perfluorooctanoic acid disrupts thyroid-specific genes expression and regulation via the TSH-TSHR signaling pathway in thyroid cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117372. [PMID: 37827365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a highly persistent and widespread chemical in the environment with endocrine disruption effects. Although it has been reported that PFOA can affect multiple aspects of thyroid function, the exact mechanism by which it reduces thyroxine levels has not yet been elucidated. In this study, FRTL-5 rat thyroid follicular cells were used as a model to study the toxicity of PFOA to the genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis and their regulatory network. Our results reveal that PFOA interfered with the phosphorylation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) induced by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as the transcription levels of paired box 8 (PAX8), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), sodium/iodide cotransporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (TG), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). However, the above outcomes can be alleviated by enhancing cAMP production with forskolin treatment. Further investigations showed that PFOA reduced the mRNA level of TSH receptor (TSHR) and impaired its N-glycosylation, suggesting that PFOA has disrupting effects on both transcriptional regulation and post-translational regulation. In addition, PFOA increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and decreased ER mass in FRTL-5 cells. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that PFOA disrupts the TSH-activated cAMP signaling pathway by inhibiting TSHR expression and its N-glycosylation. We propose that this mechanism may contribute to the decrease in thyroid hormone levels caused by PFOA. Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which PFOA can disrupt thyroid function and provides new insights and potential targets for interventions to counteract the disruptive effects of PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guangdi Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Qiuhong Man
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Weiye Charles Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China.
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Zhang R, Lu W, Tu L, Lin Y, Sun J, Chen B, Luan T. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced metabolic disorder via enhancing metabolism of glutamine and fatty acids in human intestinal cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122684. [PMID: 37802284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal cell metabolism plays an important role in intestine health. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure could disorder intestinal cell metabolism. However, the mechanisms regarding how the three carbon sources interact under PFOA stress remined to be understood. The present study aimed to dissect the interconnections of glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids in PFOA-treated human colorectal cancer (DLD-1) cells using 13C metabolic flux analysis. The abundance of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites was decreased in PFOA-treated cells except for succinate, whereas most of amino acids were more abundant. Beside serine and glycine, the levels of metabolites derived from 13C glucose were reduced in PFOA-treated cells, and the pentose phosphate pathway flux was 1.4-fold higher in PFOA-treated cells than in the controls. In reductive glutamine pathway, higher labeled enrichment of citrate, malate, fumarate, and succinate was observed for PFOA-treated cells. The contribution of glucose to fatty acid synthesis in PFOA-treated cells decreased while the contribution of glutamine to fatty acid synthesis increased. Additionally, synthesis of TCA intermediates from fatty acid β-oxidation was promoted in PFOA-treated cells. All results suggested that metabolic remodeling could happen in intestinal cells exposed to PFOA, which was potentially related to PFOA toxicity relevant with the loss of glucose in biomass synthesis and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lanyin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingshi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Pavan A, Cendron L, Di Nisio A, Pedrucci F, Sabovic I, Scarso A, Ferlin A, Angelini A, Foresta C, De Toni L. In vitro binding analysis of legacy-linear and new generation-cyclic perfluoro-alkyl substances on sex hormone binding globulin and albumin, suggests low impact on serum hormone kinetics of testosterone. Toxicology 2023; 500:153664. [PMID: 37931871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, serum testosterone (T) is largely bound to the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and human serum albumin (hSA), resulting in a 2-3 % of unbound or "free" active quote (FT). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS), are recognized to interfere with the hormonal axes, but the possible impact on the FT quote has not been addressed so far. Here we investigated the possible competition of two acknowledged PFAS molecules on T binding to SHBG and hSA. In particular, perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) and acetic acid, 2,2-difluoro-2-((2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)oxy)-ammonium salt (1:1) (C6O4) were used as, respectively, legacy-linear and new-generation-cyclic PFASs. Human recombinant SHBG 30-234 domain (SHBG30-234), produced in HEK293-F cells, and delipidated recombinant hSA were used as in vitro protein models. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and tryptophan fluorescence quencing (TFQ) were used to evaluate the binding modes of T and PFAS to SHBG30-234 and hSA. ITC revealed the binding of T to SHBG30-234 with a Kd of 44 ± 2 nM whilst both PFOA and C6O4 showed no binding activity. Results were confirmed by TFQ, since only T modified the fluorescence profile of SHBG30-234. In hSA, TFQ confirmed the binding of T on FA6 site of the protein. A similar binding mode was observed for PFOA but not for C6O4, as further verified by displacement experiments with T. Although both PFASs were previously shown to bind hSA, only PFOA is predicted to possibly compete with T for the binding to hSA. However, on the base of the binding stoichiometry and affinity of PFOA for hSA, this appears unlikely at the blood concentrations of the chemical documented to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pavan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Pedrucci
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Sabovic
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia, Italy; European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Ca' Bottacin, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca De Toni
- Deparment of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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8
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu S, Wan N, Li M, Tu W. Novel PFOS alternative OBS inhibits body growth of developing zebrafish by triggering thyroid function disorder and osteoclast differentiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140068. [PMID: 37672812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has resulted in its widespread detection in the environment and enrichment in wildlife and humans. However, little is known about its potential toxicity, particularly in terms of body development. In this study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to PFOS and OBS for a comparative developmental toxicity assessment. Both PFOS and OBS led to lower body weight and shorter body length, and the damaging effects of PFOS were more severe than those of OBS at the same exposure concentration. Biochemical assays of THs and transcription profiles correlated to the HPT axis demonstrated that OBS-induced body development inhibition resulted mainly from interference in THs synthesis, transfer, coupling with receptors, and conversion from T4 to T3, which was similar to the case of PFOS, except that the disruptive effects of OBS on thyroid function were more intense. Further transcriptome analysis showed that PFOS and OBS also promoted osteoclast differentiation, aggravating the inhibitory effects on body growth, and that PFOS had more obvious inhibitory effects than OBS. This study systematically explored the inhibitory effects of PFOS and OBS exposure on body development and tightly linked the toxic effects to thyroid function disorder and osteoclast differentiation. Our findings highlight that the health risks associated with OBS, an emerging substitute for PFOS, should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Nannan Wan
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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9
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Gao XX, Zuo QL, Fu XH, Song LL, Cen MQ, Wu J. Association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in children: Evidence based on birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116812. [PMID: 37536558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have examined the effect of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure on neurodevelopment in children, findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To better understand the effects of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment, we conducted a systematic review of prenatal exposure to different types of PFAS and neurodevelopment in children. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE electronic databases up to March 2023. Only birth cohort studies that report a specific association between PFAS exposure during pregnancy and neurodevelopment were included in this review. RESULTS 31 birth cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria were qualitatively integrated. Among these, 14 studies investigated the impact of PFAS exposure during pregnancy on cognition, 13 on neurobehavior, and 4 on both cognition and neurobehavior. Additionally, 4 studies explored the influence of PFAS on children's comprehensive development. CONCLUSION Prenatal PFAS exposure was associated with poor neurodevelopment in children, including psychomotor development, externalizing behavior, and comprehensive development. However, conclusive evidence regarding its effects on other neurological outcomes remains limited. In addition, sex-specific effects on social behavior and sleep problems were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian-Lin Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Hang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling-Ling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Man-Qiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Yang YD, Li JX, Lu N, Tian R. Serum albumin mitigated perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced cytotoxicity by affecting the cellular responses. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107110. [PMID: 37741269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
During the wide applications of perfluorinated materials such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in commercial and industrial products, the potential toxicity of these engineered compounds has attracted more and more attention. As a typical environmental pollutant, PFOS could preferentially bind to albumin protein in vivo. However, the role of protein-PFOS interactions in the cytotoxicity of PFOS was not stressed enough. Herein, we investigated the interactions of PFOS with human serum albumin (HSA, the most abundant protein in human plasma) using both experimental and theoretical approaches. It was demonstrated that PFOS could mainly bind to the Sudlow site I of HSA to generate HSA-PFOS complex through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Toxicity assays with endothelial cells illustrated that the binding of HSA could significantly attenuate the intracellular uptake and subcellular distribution of PFOS, thereby inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species and toxicity for those HSA-bound PFOS. Similarly, the presence of fetal bovine serum in the cell culture media greatly reduced PFOS-caused cytotoxicity. Conclusively, our study reveals that the binding of albumin protein to PFOS could mitigate its toxicity by the modulation of cellular responses. The formation of protein-complexed contaminants would significantly reduce the bioavailability of these chemicals and subsequently mitigate their environmental toxicology to the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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11
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Mandour DA, Morsy MM, Fawzy A, Mohamed NM, Ahmad MM. Structural and molecular changes in the rat myocardium following perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure are mitigated by quercetin via modulating HSP 70 and SERCA 2. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:283-296. [PMID: 37365388 PMCID: PMC10412685 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a man-made fluorinated compound employed in a variety of industrial and civilian applications. Due to its long elimination half-life and promotion of oxidative stress and inflammation, it is one of the most abundant organic contaminants. The present study was designed to determine the cytotoxic effect of PFOS on adult male rat cardiac tissue and to assess the cardioprotective role of the flavonoid quercetin (Que), which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group I (Control). Group II (Que) received Que (75 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) by oral gavage. Group III (PFOS group): supplemented orally with PFOS (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) and Group IV (PF OS/Que). The rat heart was processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression studies. The PFOS group showed histological alterations in the myocardium that were partially reversed by the administration of Que. The inflammatory biomarkers (TNF, IL-6, and IL-1), lipid profile, TSH, MDA, and serum cardiac enzymes (LDH and CK-MB) were all altered. These findings collectively suggest that PFOS had adverse effects on the cardiac muscle structure, and these effects were alleviated by quercetin, which is a promising cardioprotective flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Morsy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa M. Ahmad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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12
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Yang YD, Tian R, Lu N. Binding of serum albumin to perfluorooctanoic acid reduced cytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162738. [PMID: 36906033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the ubiquitous applications of perfluorinated compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in industrial and commercial products, the toxicity of these engineered materials in environmental and public health is received growing attention. As a typical organic pollutant, PFOA has been extensively found in wildlife and human bodies, and can preferentially bind to serum albumin in vivo. However, the importance of protein-PFOA interactions on the cytotoxicity of PFOA could not be stressed enough. In this study, we used both experimental and theoretical approaches, to investigate the interactions of PFOA with bovine serum albumin (BSA, the most abundant protein in blood). It was found that PFOA could mainly interact with Sudlow site I of BSA to form BSA-PFOA complex, in which van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds played dominant roles. Moreover, the strong binding of BSA could greatly alter the cellular uptake and distribution of PFOA in human endothelial cells, and result in the decreases of reactive oxygen species formation and cytotoxicity for these BSA-coated PFOA. Consistently, the addition of fetal bovine serum into cell culture medium also significantly mitigated PFOA-induced cytotoxicity, which was attributed to the extracellular complexation between PFOA and serum proteins. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the binding of serum albumin to PFOA could reduce its toxicity by affecting the cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Rong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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13
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Fujiwara N, Yamashita S, Okamoto M, Cooley MA, Ozaki K, Everett ET, Suzuki M. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced cell death via the dual roles of ROS-MAPK/ERK signaling in ameloblast-lineage cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115089. [PMID: 37271104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an artificial fluorinated organic compound that has generated increased public attention due to its potential health hazards. Unsafe levels of PFOA exposure can affect reproduction, growth and development. During tooth enamel development (amelogenesis), environmental factors including fluoride can cause enamel hypoplasia. However, the effects of PFOA on ameloblasts and tooth enamel formation remain largely unknown. In the present study we demonstrate several PFOA-mediated cell death pathways (necrosis/necroptosis, and apoptosis) and assess the roles of ROS-MAPK/ERK signaling in PFOA-mediated cell death in mouse ameloblast-lineage cells (ALC). ALC cells were treated with PFOA. Cell proliferation and viability were analyzed by MTT assays and colony formation assays, respectively. PFOA suppressed cell proliferation and viability in a dose dependent manner. PFOA induced both necrosis (PI-positive cells) and apoptosis (cleaved-caspase-3, γH2AX and TUNEL-positive cells). PFOA significantly increased ROS production and up-regulated phosphor-(p)-ERK. Addition of ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) suppressed p-ERK and decreased necrosis, and increased cell viability compared to PFOA alone, whereas NAC did not change apoptosis. This suggests that PFOA-mediated necrosis was induced by ROS-MAPK/ERK signaling, but apoptosis was not associated with ROS. Addition of MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 suppressed necrosis and increased cell viability compared to PFOA alone. Intriguingly, PD98059 augmented PFOA-mediated apoptosis. This suggests that p-ERK promoted necrosis but suppressed apoptosis. Addition of the necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 restored cell viability compared to PFOA alone, while pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD did not mitigate PFOA-mediated cell death. These results suggest that 1) PFOA-mediated cell death was mainly caused by necrosis/necroptosis by ROS-MAPK/ERK signaling rather than apoptosis, 2) MAPK/ERK signaling plays the dual roles (promoting necrosis and suppressing apoptosis) under PFOA treatment. This is the initial report to indicate that PFOA could be considered as a possible causative factor for cryptogenic enamel malformation. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of PFOA-mediated adverse effects on amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Motoki Okamoto
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Eric T Everett
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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14
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Coperchini F, De Marco G, Croce L, Denegri M, Greco A, Magri F, Tonacchera M, Imbriani M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. PFOA, PFHxA and C6O4 differently modulate the expression of CXCL8 in normal thyroid cells and in thyroid cancer cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63522-63534. [PMID: 37052835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial chemical PFAS are persistent pollutants. Long chain PFAS were taken out of production due to their risk for human health, however, new congeners PFAS have been introduced. The in vitro effects of the long-chain PFOA, the short-chain PFHxA and the new-generation C6O4 were evaluated in normal and in thyroid cancer cell lines in terms of cell viability and proliferation, and secretion of a pro-tumorigenic chemokine (CXCL8), both at the mRNA and at the protein level. The Nthy-ory 3-1 normal-thyroid cell line, the TPC-1 and the 8505C (RET/PTC rearranged and BRAFV600e mutated, respectively) thyroid-cancer cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of each PFAS in a time-course. We evaluated viability using WST-1 (confirmed by AnnexinV/PI) and proliferation using the cristal-violet test. To evaluate CXCL8 mRNA we used RT-PCR and measured CXCL8 in the supernatants by ELISA. The exposure to none PFAS did not affect thyroid cells viability (except for a reduction of 8505C cells viability after 144 h) or proliferation. Individual PFAS differently modulated CXCL8 mRNA and protein level. PFOA increased CXCL8 both at mRNA and protein level in the three cell lines; PFHxA increased CXCL8 mRNA in the three cell lines, but increased the protein only in TPC-1 cells; C6O4 increased the CXCL8 mRNA only in thyroid cancer cell lines, but never increased the CXCL8 protein. The results of the present study indicate that the in vitro exposure to different PFAS may modulate both at the mRNA and secreted protein levels of CXCL8 in normal and cancer thyroid cells. Strikingly different effects emerged according to the specific cell type and to the targeted analyte (CXCL8 mRNA or protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa (PI), via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo (PA), 90133, Italy
| | - Marco Denegri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Molecular Cardiology, 27100, Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Pisa (PI), via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo (PA), 90133, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia (PV), 27100, Italy.
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15
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Feng X, Long G, Zeng G, Zhang Q, Song B, Wu KH. Association of increased risk of cardiovascular diseases with higher levels of perfluoroalkylated substances in the serum of adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89081-89092. [PMID: 35849234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence showing the association of perfluoroalkylated substance (PFAS) exposure with CVD risk is scarce. The objective of this study was to explore the relationships of CVD risk with mixed or individual serum PFAS levels among general adults. We analyzed combined data of 7904 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2012 with a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine the relationships of individual or mixed PFAS exposure with total CVD risk. A logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression with multivariate adjustment were conducted to assess the relationships between individual serum PFAS levels and the risk of total CVD or its subtypes. A mediation model was applied to investigate how C-reactive protein (CRP) levels mediate the strength of the association. The BKMR results indicated a positive relationship between mixed PFAS exposure and total CVD risk; among the PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest posterior inclusion probability. As determined by logistic regression, a log-unit change in PFOS levels was positively related to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke in males (both P < 0.05). A nonlinear relationship was found between PFOS levels and stroke risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.04), as illustrated in the RCS plot. The mediation analysis showed that CRP levels mediated 8% and 1.2% of the relationship between serum PFOS and PFNA levels, respectively, and the prevalence of stroke. A significant relationship between higher serum PFAS concentrations and an increased risk of CVD was observed, mainly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guowei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Binqian Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kai-Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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16
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Li L, Dong Y, Chen Y, Jiao J, Zou X. A New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Pollutants Based on Multi-Dimensional Risk Factors. TOXICS 2022; 10:659. [PMID: 36355950 PMCID: PMC9697580 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant discharge causing the deterioration of the watershed environment has seriously threatened human health and ecosystem function. The importance of improving the risk warning system is becoming more and more prominent. Traditional chemical risk assessment methods focused on toxicity and the exposure of pollutants without considering the impact of persistent pollutants in different environmental media. In this study, a new approach was proposed to reflect multi-dimensional evaluation with a synthetic risk factor (SRF) of pollutants. The integrating parameters of SRF include toxicity endpoint values, environmental exposure level, persistent properties, and compartment features. Selected pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, organophosphate esters and endocrine disruptors were analyzed by the proposed and traditional methods. The results showed a higher risk outcome using SRF analysis for PFOS, imazalil, testosterone, androstenedione and bisphenol A, which were different from those obtained by the traditional method, which were consistent with existing risk management. The study demonstrated that the SRF method improved the risk assessment of various pollutants in different environmental media in a more robust fashion, and also provided a more accurate decision basis for ecological environment protection.
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17
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Derakhshan A, Kortenkamp A, Shu H, Broeren MAC, Lindh CH, Peeters RP, Bornehag CG, Demeneix B, Korevaar TIM. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy in the SELMA study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107420. [PMID: 35870378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during early pregnancy with markers of the maternal thyroid system. METHODS Serum concentrations of seven PFAS as well as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4), free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and TT3) were measured in pregnant women in early pregnancy in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. Outcomes were concentrations of TSH and thyroid hormones, FT4/FT3 or TT4/TT3 ratios, TSH/FT4 ratio as a marker of the negative feedback loop, TT4/FT4 or TT3/FT3 ratios as markers of the binding of thyroid hormones to binding proteins. RESULTS The study population comprised 2,008 women with median (95% range) gestational age of 10 (6-14) weeks. There was no association between PFAS and TSH. Higher PFNA, PFDA, PFHpA and PFOA levels were associated with a higher FT4 (largest effect estimate for PFDA: β [95% CI]: 0.27 [0.10 to 0.45], P = 0.002). Higher PFUnDA levels, but no other PFAS, were associated with a lower FT3 (β [95% CI]: -0.05 [-0.09 to -0.01], P = 0.005). Higher PFUnDA levels were associated with lower TT4 (β [95% CI]: -1.58 [-3.07 to -0.09]) and there was an inverted U-shaped association of PFOS with TT4 (P = 0.03). Higher PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHpA levels were associated with a lower TT3. Overall, higher PFAS concentrations were associated with a higher FT4/FT3 ratio and a higher TT4/TT3 ratio. There was no association of PFAS with the TSH/FT4 ratio. Higher concentrations of several PFAS were associated with lower TT4/FT4 and TT3/FT3 ratios. CONCLUSIONS These findings translate results from experimental studies suggesting that exposure to PFAS may interfere with the thyroid system during pregnancy. Further experimental studies should take into account human evidence to better understand the potential underlying mechanisms of thyroid disruption by PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Derakhshan
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Division of Environmental Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Huan Shu
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Maarten A C Broeren
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, De Run, 4600, The Netherlands
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Public Health, Karlstad University, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Laboratoire d'Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 15, 3051 GE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Santaliz Casiano A, Lee A, Teteh D, Madak Erdogan Z, Treviño L. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: Disparities in Exposure and Importance of Research Inclusivity. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6553110. [PMID: 35325096 PMCID: PMC9391683 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known contributors to breast cancer development. Exposures to EDCs commonly occur through food packaging, cookware, fabrics, and personal care products, as well as external environmental sources. Increasing evidence highlights disparities in EDC exposure across racial/ethnic groups, yet breast cancer research continues to lack the inclusion necessary to positively impact treatment response and overall survival in socially disadvantaged populations. Additionally, the inequity in environmental exposures has yet to be remedied. Exposure to EDCs due to structural racism poses an unequivocal risk to marginalized communities. In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological and molecular studies on 2 lesser-studied EDCs, the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the parabens, the health disparities that exist in EDC exposure between populations, and their association with breast carcinogenesis. We discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between EDC exposure and breast cancer development, particularly to promote efforts to mitigate exposures and improve breast cancer disparities in socially disadvantaged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie Santaliz Casiano
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Annah Lee
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dede Teteh
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: Zeynep Madak Erdogan, PhD, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Lindsey Treviño
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Correspondence: Lindsey S. Treviño, PhD, Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, Duarte - Main Campus, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020044. [PMID: 35202231 PMCID: PMC8878656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts. In this review, starting from PFAS chemistry, uses and environmental fate, we summarize the current knowledge on PFAS occurrence in different environmental media and their effects on living organisms, with a particular emphasis on humans. Also, we describe present and provisional legislative measures in the European Union framework strategy to regulate PFAS manufacture, import and use as well as some of the most promising treatment technologies designed to remediate PFAS contamination in different environmental compartments.
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De Toni L, Di Nisio A, Rocca MS, Pedrucci F, Garolla A, Dall’Acqua S, Guidolin D, Ferlin A, Foresta C. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Legacy and New Generation Perfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) on Thyroid Cells In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915096. [PMID: 35813651 PMCID: PMC9259843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are environment-persitent emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals raising health concerns worldwide. Exposure to PFAS has been associated with the imbalance of thyroid hormones. However, available studies addressing the cell mechanism underlying thyroid disrupting feature of legacy PFAS, such as perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-octane-sulfonic acid (PFOS), and the new generation substitutes, such as C6O4, are still lacking. In this study the potential disrupting effect of PFOA, PFOS, and C6O4 on a murine thyroid cell model was assessed. METHODS A rat FRTL-5 cell line was used as the normal thyroid follicular cell model. Cell iodide-uptake, induced by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), was used to assess the functional impact of PFAS exposure on cell function. Tetrazolium salt-based cell viability assay and merocyanine 540-based cell staining were used to address the possible involvement of cell toxicity and membrane biophysical properties on altered cell function. The possible direct interaction of PFAS with TSH-receptor (TSH-R) was investigated by computer-based molecular docking and analysis of molecular dynamics. Evaluation of intracellular cAMP levels and gene expression analysis were used to validate the direct impairment of TSH-R-mediated downstream events upon PFAS exposure. RESULTS Different from PFOS or C6O4, exposure to PFOA at a concentration ≥ 10 ng/mL was associated with significant impairment of the iodide uptake upon TSH stimulation (respectively: basal 100.0 ± 19.0%, CTRL + TSH 188.9 ± 7.8%, PFOA 10 ng/mL + TSH 120.4 ± 20.9%, p= 0.030 vs CTRL + TSH; PFOA 100 ng/mL + TSH 115,6 ± 12,3% p= 0.017 vs CTRL + TSH). No impairment of cell viability or membrane stability was observed. Computational analysis showed a possible direct differential interaction of C6O4, PFOA, and PFOS on a same binding site of the extracellular domain of TSH-R. Finally, exposure to PFOA was associated with a significant reduction of downstream intracellular cAMP levels and both sodium-iodide transporter and thyroperoxidase gene expression upon TSH-R stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that legacy and new generation PFAS can differentially influence TSH dependent signaling pathways through the direct interaction with TSH-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Pedrucci
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carlo Foresta,
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21
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Coperchini F, Croce L, Pignatti P, Ricci G, Gangemi D, Magri F, Imbriani M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. The new generation PFAS C6O4 does not produce adverse effects on thyroid cells in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1625-1635. [PMID: 33315184 PMCID: PMC8285310 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl-substances (PFASs) are synthetic compounds that raised concern due to their potential adverse effects on human health. Long-chain PFAS were banned by government rules in many states, and thus, new emerging PFAS were recently introduced as substitutes. Among these, Perfluoro{acetic acid, 2-[(5-methoxy-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)oxy]}, ammonium salt (C6O4) was recently introduced to produce a range of food contact articles and literature data about this compound are scanty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of exposure to C6O4, compared with PFOA and PFOS on thyroid cells. METHODS FRTL5 rat-thyroid cell lines and normal human thyroid cells (NHT) were incubated with increasing concentrations of C6O4 for 24, 48, 72, and 144 h to assess cell viability by WST-1. Cell viability was confirmed by AnnexinV/PI staining. Long-chain PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) were used at same concentrations as positive controls. The proliferation of cells exposed to C6O4, PFOA, and PFOS was measured by staining with crystal violet and evaluation of optical density after incubation with SDS. Changes in ROS production by FRTL5 and NHT after exposure to C6O4 at short (10, 20, and 30 min) and long-time points (24 h) were evaluated by cytofluorimetry. RESULTS C6O4 exposure did not modify FRTL5 and NHT cell viability at any concentration and/or time points with no induction of necrosis/apoptosis. At difference, PFOS exposure reduced cell viability of FRTL5 while and NHT, while PFOA only in FRTL5. FRTL5 and NHT cell proliferation was reduced by incubation with by PFOA and PFOS, but not with C6O4. ROS production by NHT and FRTL5 cells was not modified after C6O4 exposure, at any time/concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS The present in vitro study constitutes the first evaluation of the potential adverse effects of the new emerging PFAS C6O4 in cultured rat and human thyroid cells, suggesting its safety for thyroid cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coperchini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Croce
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- PHD Course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Ricci
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Gangemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Magri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Ojo AF, Peng C, Ng JC. Assessing the human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A need for greater focus on their interactions as mixtures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124863. [PMID: 33373965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, human health risk assessment of PFAS currently relies on animal toxicity data derived from individual substance exposure, which may not adequately predict the risk from combined exposure due to possible interactions that can influence the overall risk. Long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are recognised as global emerging contaminants of concern due to their ubiquitous distribution in all environmental media, wildlife, and humans, persistency, bioaccumulative-, toxic-, and human health-risk potentials. This article reviews the current understanding of the human health risks associated with PFAS exposure focusing on more recent toxicological and epidemiological studies from 2010 to 2020. The existing information on PFAA mixtures was also reviewed in an attempt to highlight the need for greater focus on their potential interactions as mixtures within the class of these chemicals. A growing number of toxicological studies have indicated several adverse health outcomes of PFAA exposure, including developmental and reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, thyroid disruption, and carcinogenicity. Epidemiological findings further support some of these adverse human health outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not well defined. A few in vitro studies focusing on PFAA mixtures revealed that these compounds may act additively or interact synergistically/antagonistically depending on the species, dose level, dose ratio, and mixture components. Hence, the combined effects or potential interactions of PFAS mixtures should be considered and integrated into toxicity assessment to obtain a realistic and more refined human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke F Ojo
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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23
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Kim J, Lee G, Lee YM, Zoh KD, Choi K. Thyroid disrupting effects of perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rat pituitary (GH3) cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128012. [PMID: 33182161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to global restriction on perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, C > 8) and their environmental occurrences have increased. PFOS and PFOA have been known for thyroid disruption, however, knowledge is still limited on thyroid disrupting effects of long-chain PFASs (C > 10). In this study, two long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), i.e., perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), were chosen and investigated for thyroid disrupting effects, using zebrafish embryo/larvae and rat pituitary cell line (GH3). For comparison, PFOA was also added as a test chemical and also investigated for its thyroid disruption potential. Following a 5 d exposure to PFTrDA, zebrafish larvae showed upregulation of the genes responsible for thyroid hormone synthesis (tshβ, nkx2.1, nis, tpo, mct8) and (de)activation (dio1, dio2). In contrast, both PFUnDA and PFOA induced no regulatory changes except for upregulation of a thyroid metabolism related gene (ugt1ab). Morphological changes such as decreased eyeball size, increased yolk sac size, or deflated swim bladder, occurred following exposure to PFUnDA, PFTrDA, and PFOA. In GH3 cells, exposure to PFUnDA and PFTrDA upregulated Tshβ gene, suggesting that these PFCAs increase thyroid hormone synthesis through stimulation by Tsh. In summary, both long-chain PFCAs could cause transcriptional changes of thyroid regulating genes that may lead to increased malformation of the zebrafish larvae, but the pathway of thyroid disruption appears to be different by the chain length. Confirmation and validation in adult fish following long term exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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24
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Blake BE, Fenton SE. Early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and latent health outcomes: A review including the placenta as a target tissue and possible driver of peri- and postnatal effects. Toxicology 2020; 443:152565. [PMID: 32861749 PMCID: PMC7530144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous drinking water contaminants of concern due to mounting evidence implicating adverse health outcomes associated with exposure, including reduced kidney function, metabolic syndrome, thyroid disruption, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. PFAS have been produced in the U.S. since the 1940s and now encompass a growing chemical family comprised of diverse chemical moieties, yet the toxicological effects have been studied for relatively few compounds. Critically, exposures to some PFAS in utero are associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and offspring, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia, and low birth weight. Given the relationship between HDP, placental dysfunction, adverse health outcomes, and increased risk for chronic diseases in adulthood, the role of both developmental and lifelong exposure to PFAS likely contributes to disease risk in complex ways. Here, evidence for the role of some PFAS in disrupted thyroid function, kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome is synthesized with an emphasis on the placenta as a critical yet understudied target of PFAS and programming agent of adult disease. Future research efforts must continue to fill the knowledge gap between placental susceptibility to environmental exposures like PFAS, subsequent perinatal health risks for both mother and child, and latent health effects in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin E Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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25
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Conti A, Strazzeri C, Rhoden KJ. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, a persistent organic pollutant, inhibits iodide accumulation by thyroid follicular cells in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110922. [PMID: 32621861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) reported to alter thyroid function. Iodide uptake by thyroid follicular cells, an early step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, is a potential target for thyroid disruption by EDCs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctane carboxylic acid (PFOA), two of the most abundant PFAS in the environment, on iodide transport by thyroid follicular cells in vitro. Dynamic changes in intracellular iodide concentration were monitored by live cell imaging using YFP-H148Q/I152, a genetically encoded fluorescent iodide biosensor. PFOS, but not PFOA, acutely and reversibly inhibited iodide accumulation by FRTL-5 thyrocytes, as well as by HEK-293 cells transiently expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). PFOS prevented NIS-mediated iodide uptake and reduced intracellular iodide concentration in iodide-containing cells, mimicking the effect of the NIS inhibitor perchlorate. PFOS did not affect iodide efflux from thyroid cells. The results of this study suggest that disruption of iodide homeostasis in thyroid cells may be a potential mechanism for anti-thyroid health effects of PFOS. The study also confirms the utility of the YFP-H148Q/I152 cell-based assay to screen environmental PFAS, and other EDCs, for anti-thyroid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Conti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
| | - Chiara Strazzeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
| | - Kerry J Rhoden
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), and Health Sciences & Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI SDV), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
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26
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Coperchini F, Croce L, Denegri M, Pignatti P, Agozzino M, Netti GS, Imbriani M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. Adverse effects of in vitro GenX exposure on rat thyroid cell viability, DNA integrity and thyroid-related genes expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114778. [PMID: 32417585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hexafluoropropylene-oxide-dimer-acid (GenX) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance that was recently introduced following the phase out of PFOA, as an alternative for the process of polymerization. GenX was detected at high concentrations in rivers, drinking water and in sera of exposed workers and recent findings suggested its potential dangerousness for human health. Aim of the study was to assess the consequences of GenX exposure on in vitro thyroid cells with particular attention to the effects on cell-viability, proliferation, DNA-damage and in the thyroid-related genes expression. FRTL-5 rat-thyroid cell line were incubated with increasing concentrations of GenX for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h to assess cell viability by WST-1. DNA-damage was assessed by comet assay and further confirmed by micronucleus assay. The proliferation of survived cells was measured by staining with crystal violet and evaluation of its optical density after incubation with SDS. Changes in TTF-1, Pax8, Tg, TSH-R, NIS and TPO genes expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. GenX exposure reduced FRTL-5 viability in a time and dose-dependent manner (24 h: ANOVA F = 22.286; p < 0.001; 48 h: F = 43.253, p < 0.001; 72 h: F = 49.708, p < 0.001). Moreover, GenX exerted a genotoxic effect, as assessed by comet assay (significant increase in tail-length, olive-tail-moment and percentage of tail-DNA) and micronucleus assay, both at cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations. Exposure to GenX at concentrations non-cytotoxic exerted a significant lowering of the expression of the regulatory gene TTF-1 (p < 0.05 versus untreated) and higher expression of Pax-8 (p < 0.05 versus untreated) and a down-regulation of NIS (p < 0.05 versus untreated). In addition, cells survived to GenX exposure showed a reduced re-proliferation ability (24 h: ANOVA F = 11,941; p < 0,001; 48 h: F = 93.11; p < 0.001; 72 h F = 21.65; p < 0.001). The exposure to GenX produces several toxic effects on thyroid cells in vitro. GenX is able to promote DNA-damage and to affect the expression of thyroid transcription-factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; PHD Course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Denegri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Molecular Cardiology, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Allergy and Immunology Unit, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Agozzino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pathology Unit, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Center for Molecular Medicine Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Zhang R, Zhang H, Chen B, Luan T. Fetal bovine serum attenuating perfluorooctanoic acid-inducing toxicity to multiple human cell lines via albumin binding. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:122109. [PMID: 32004837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as a typical emerging organic pollutant, can interact with serum albumin. However, it remains to characterize the binding of PFOA with serum albumin and to address the role of this interaction in related toxic effects. We aimed to characterize the interaction between PFOA and albumin for understanding the effects of this interaction on the uptake, distribution, and toxicity of PFOA in human cells. The results showed that viable cell count was significantly enhanced by addition of fetabl bovine serum (FBS) into cell culture medium with 300 μM PFOA treatment. PFOA mainly existed as complexed with FBS, at FBS concentration > 10%, which substantially reduced the absorption efficiency of all cell lines to PFOA. The majority of PFOA was accumulated in the cytosolic fraction, followed by nuclei, and mitochondria. Conclusively, our study suggests that the complexation of organic contaminants with proteins might mitigate their toxicity by reducing cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 540080, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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28
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Xu M, Liu G, Li M, Huo M, Zong W, Liu R. Probing the Cell Apoptosis Pathway Induced by Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate at the Subcellular and Molecular Levels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:633-641. [PMID: 31891488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As typical perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been detected in various environmental media and their toxic effects have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how PFCs cause cell apoptosis in healthy hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress at the subcellular and molecular levels. In this study, the apoptotic pathways induced by PFOA and PFOS were explored. Besides, the effects of PFCs on the structure and function of lysozyme (LYZ) were investigated. After PFOA and PFOS exposure, the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential were damaged. Further, PFOA and PFOS increased intracellular Ca2+ levels to 174.41 ± 1.70 and 158.91 ± 5.94%, respectively. Ultimately, caspase-3 was activated, causing cell apoptosis. As an indirect antioxidant enzyme, the molecular structure of LYZ was destroyed after interacting with PFOA and PFOS. Both PFOA and PFOS bound to the active center of LYZ, leading to the decrease of LYZ activity to 91.26 ± 0.78 and 76.01 ± 4.86%, respectively. This study demonstrates that PFOA and PFOS inhibit LYZ function, which can reduce the body's ability to resist oxidative stress, and then lead to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Liu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control , 2749# Xinluo Street, High Tech Zone , Jinan City , Shandong Province 250100 , PR China
| | - Meifei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Mengling Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment , Shandong Normal University , 88# East Wenhua Road , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
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Coperchini F, Croce L, Ricci G, Magri F, Rotondi M, Imbriani M, Chiovato L. Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:612320. [PMID: 33542707 PMCID: PMC7851056 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.612320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a group of synthetic compounds widely used in industry plants due to their low grade of degradation, surfactant properties, thermic and flame resistance. These characteristics are useful for the industrial production, however they are also potentially dangerous for human health and for the environment. PFAS are persistent pollutants accumulating in waters and soil and recoverable in foods due to their release by food packaging. Humans are daily exposed to PFAS because these compounds are ubiquitous and, when assimilated, they are difficult to be eliminated, persisting for years both in humans and animals. Due to their persistence and potential danger to health, some old generation PFAS have been replaced by newly synthesized PFAS with the aim to use alternative compounds presumably safer for humans and the environment. Yet, the environmental pollution with PFAS remains a matter of concern worldwide and led to large-scale epidemiological studies both on plants' workers and on exposed people in the general population. In this context, strong concern emerged concerning the potential adverse effects of PFAS on the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the regulation of metabolism, and thyroid function is related to cardiovascular disease, fertility, and fetal neurodevelopment. In vitro, ex vivo data, and epidemiological studies suggested that PFASs may disrupt the thyroid hormone system in humans, with possible negative repercussions on the outcome of pregnancy and fetal-child development. However, data on the thyroid disrupting effect of PFAS remain controversial, as well as their impact on human health in different ages of life. Aim of the present paper is to review recent data on the effects of old and new generation PFAS on thyroid homeostasis. To this purpose we collected information from in vitro studies, animal models, and in vivo data on exposed workers, general population, and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ricci
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Chiovato,
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Bogdanska J, Borg D, Bergström U, Mellring M, Bergman Å, DePierre J, Nobel S. Tissue distribution of 14C-labelled perfluorooctanoic acid in adult mice after 1-5 days of dietary exposure to an experimental dose or a lower dose that resulted in blood levels similar to those detected in exposed humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124755. [PMID: 31726523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a global environmental pollutant detected in both wildlife and human populations, has several pathophysiological effects in experimental animals, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. However, details concerning the tissue distribution of PFOA, in particular at levels relevant to humans, are lacking, which limits our understanding of how humans, and other mammals, may be affected by this compound. Therefore, we characterized the tissue distribution of 14C-PFOA in mice in the same manner as we earlier examined its analogues perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in order to allow direct comparisons. Following dietary exposure of adult male C57/BL6 mice for 1, 3 or 5 days to a low dose (0.06 mg/kg/day) or a higher experimental dose (22 mg/kg/day) of 14C-PFOA, both scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography revealed the presence of PFOA in most of the 19 different tissues examined, demonstrating its ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. There were no differences in the pattern of tissue distribution with the low and high dose and the tissue-to-blood ratios were similar. At both doses, PFOA levels were highest in the liver, followed by blood, lungs and kidneys. The body compartments estimated to contain the largest amounts of PFOA were the liver, blood, skin and muscle. In comparison with our identical studies on PFOS and PFBS, PFOA reached considerably higher tissue levels than PFBS, but lower than PFOS. Furthermore, the distribution of PFOA differed notably from that of PFOS, with lower tissue-to-blood ratios in the liver, lungs, kidneys and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Bogdanska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Borg
- Swedish Chemicals Agency, SE-17267, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Bergström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Mellring
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Joseph DePierre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Nobel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Croce L, Coperchini F, Tonacchera M, Imbriani M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. Effect of long- and short-chain perfluorinated compounds on cultured thyroid cells viability and response to TSH. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1329-1335. [PMID: 31102255 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perfluorinated chemicals are widespread pollutants persistent in the environment with links to some major health issues. The two main compounds, perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-alkyl sulphonate (PFOS), were recently classified as carcinogenetic and thus their use has been restricted. Short-chain PFCs were recently developed as an alternative, but no data regarding the possible endocrine toxicities of these compounds are available. Aim of this study was to investigate whether short-chain PFCs could jeopardize thyroid cell viability and/or interfere with the functional effect TSH. METHODS Fisher rat thyroid line-5 (FRTL-5) was treated with increasing concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) to evaluate modifications in cell viability and TSH-stimulated cAMP production. RESULTS Neither long nor short-chain PFCs affected cell viability (apart from PFOS 100 µM), or interfered with cAMP production. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that short-chain PFCs have no acute cytotoxic effect on thyroid cells in vitro and that cAMP production is not modulated by any of the tested PFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Croce
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- PHD Course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - F Coperchini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Tonacchera
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Xu M, Wan J, Niu Q, Liu R. PFOA and PFOS interact with superoxide dismutase and induce cytotoxicity in mouse primary hepatocytes: A combined cellular and molecular methods. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:63-70. [PMID: 31103794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adverse effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on mouse primary hepatocytes by conducting cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular oxidative stress level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione level assays. It was shown that PFOA and PFOS altered antioxidant enzymes activities and triggered oxidative stress, and thus exhibited cytotoxicity to the hepatocytes. Molecular mechanisms of SOD activities were measured and structural changes were explored by isothermal titration calorimetry and multiple spectroscopy. PFOA and PFOS bind to SOD via electrostatic forces with 7.634 ± 0.06 and 9.7 ± 0.4 sites, respectively, leading to structural and conformational changes. The overall results demonstrated that PFOS and PFOA are able to interact with SOD directly, resulting in producing oxidative stress and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
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Zeng Z, Song B, Xiao R, Zeng G, Gong J, Chen M, Xu P, Zhang P, Shen M, Yi H. Assessing the human health risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate by in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:598-610. [PMID: 30856447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has led to increasing concern about its human health risks over the past decade. In vivo and in vitro studies are important and effective means to ascertain the toxic effects of PFOS on humans and its toxic mechanisms. This article systematically reviews the human health risks of PFOS based on the currently known facts found by in vivo and in vitro studies from 2008 to 2018. Exposure to PFOS has caused hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, thyroid disruption, cardiovascular toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and renal toxicity in laboratory animals and many in vitro human systems. These results and related epidemiological studies confirmed the human health risks of PFOS, especially for exposure via food and drinking water. Oxidative stress and physiological process disruption based on fatty acid similarity were widely studied mechanisms of PFOS toxicity. Future research for assessing the human health risks of PFOS is recommended in the chronic toxicity and molecular mechanisms, the application of various omics, and the integration of toxicological and epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Genetic background and window of exposure contribute to thyroid dysfunction promoted by low-dose exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16324. [PMID: 30397221 PMCID: PMC6218492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to thyroid diseases. Although still debated, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is thought to induce thyroid dysfunction in humans and rodents. The data here reported point out the contribution of the exposure window and genetic background in mediating the low-dose TCDD effects on thyroid. Indeed, early (from E0.5 to PND30) and low-dose (0,001 μg/kg/day) TCDD exposure reduced the circulating fT4 and altered the expression of thyroid specific transcripts. The role of genetic components was estimated monitoring the same markers in Pax8+/- and Nkx2-1+/- mice, susceptible to thyroid dysfunction, exposed to 0, 1 μg/kg/day TCDD from E15.5 to PND60. Haploinsufficiency of either Pax8 or Nkx2-1 genes exacerbated the effects of the exposure impairing the thyroid enriched mRNAs in sex dependent manner. Such effect was mediated by mechanisms involving the Nkx2-1/p53/p65/IĸBα pathway in vitro and in vivo. Foetal exposure to TCDD impaired both thyroid function and genes expression while thyroid development and differentiation did not appear significantly affected. In mouse, stronger effects were related to earlier exposure or specific genetic background such as either Pax8 or Nkx2-1 haploinsufficiency, both associated to hypothyroidism in humans. Furthermore, our data underline that long exposure time are needed to model in vitro and in vivo results.
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Peropadre A, Fernández Freire P, Hazen MJ. A moderate exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid causes persistent DNA damage and senescence in human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Huang M, Jiao J, Zhuang P, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Serum polyfluoroalkyl chemicals are associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in national US population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:37-46. [PMID: 29933236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) as possible cardiovascular disrupters are universally detected in humans. However, evidence from epidemiological studies appears insufficient and ambiguous. OBJECTIVES We aim to examine the serum PFCs levels and their associations with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related outcomes in general US population. METHODS We investigated the serum levels of 12 major PFCs, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (EPAH), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MPAH), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDE), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHP), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFSA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDO), in 10,859 participants from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between serum PFCs and 5 self-reported CVD outcomes, including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the PFCs and their associations with 8 traditional CVD risk factors like serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, total PFCs were positively associated with total CVD (p for trend = 0.0166), independent of traditional CVD risk factors, such as smoking status, diabetes, hypertension and serum cholesterol level. Compared with reference quartile of total PFCs levels, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios in increasing quartiles were 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-1.66], 1.47 (95% CI: 1.14-1.89) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.06-1.98) for total CVD. Similar positive associations were found if considering individual PFCs including PFOS, PFUA, MPAH, EPAH, PFDO, PFSA and PFBS. In addition, serum levels of MPAH and PFDO were positively associated with congestive heart failure; PFNA, PFDE, and PFUA were positively associated with coronary heart disease; PFUA and PFDO were positively associated with angina pectoris; and PFNA was positively associated with heart attack. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that exposure to PFCs was positively associated with risk of CVD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to increase our understanding about the role of PFCs exposure in the prevalence of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang S, Guo X, Lu S, Sang N, Li G, Xie P, Liu C, Zhang L, Xing Y. Exposure to PFDoA causes disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:974-982. [PMID: 29751401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), a kind of perfluorinated carboxylic acid (PFCA) with 12 carbon atoms, has an extensive industrial utilization and is widespread in both wildlife and the water environment, and was reported to have the potential to cause a disruption in the thyroid hormone system homeostasis. In this study, zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to different concentrations of PFDoA (0, 0.24, 1.2, 6 mg/L) for 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). PFDoA exposure caused obvious growth restriction connected with the reduced thyroid hormones (THs) contents in zebrafish larvae, strengthening the interference effect on the growth of fish larvae. The transcriptional level of genes within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was analyzed. The gene expression levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) were upregulated upon exposure to 6 mg/L of PFDoA, and iodothyronine deiodinases (dio2) was upregulated in the 1.2 mg/L PFDoA group. The transcription of thyroglobulin (tg) and thyroid receptor (trβ) were significantly downregulated upon exposure to 1.2 mg/L and 6 mg/L of PFDoA. PFDoA could also decrease the levels of sodium/iodide symporter (nis) and transthyretin (ttr) gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner after exposure. A significant decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormoneβ (tshβ), uridinediphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt1ab) and thyroid receptor (trα) gene expression were observed at 6 mg/L PFDoA exposure. Upregulation and downregulation of iodothyronine deiodinases (dio1) gene expression were observed upon the treatment of 1.2 mg/L and 6 mg/L PFDoA, respectively. All the data demonstrated that gene expression in the HPT axis altered after different PFDoA treatment and the potential mechanisms of the disruption of thyroid status could occur at several steps in the process of synthesis, regulation, and action of thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100012, China
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38
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Blévin P, Tartu S, Ellis HI, Chastel O, Bustamante P, Parenteau C, Herzke D, Angelier F, Gabrielsen GW. Contaminants and energy expenditure in an Arctic seabird: Organochlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with metabolic rate in a contrasted manner. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:118-126. [PMID: 28554005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), the minimal energetic cost of living in endotherms, is known to be influenced by thyroid hormones (THs) which are known to stimulate in vitro oxygen consumption of tissues in birds and mammals. Several environmental contaminants may act on energy expenditure through their thyroid hormone-disrupting properties. However, the effect of contaminants on BMR is still poorly documented for wildlife. Here, we investigated the relationships between three groups of contaminants (organochlorines (OCs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and mercury) with metabolic rate (MR), considered here as a proxy of BMR and also with circulating total THs (thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3)) in Arctic breeding adult black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard, during the chick rearing period. Our results indicate a negative relationship between the sum of all detected chlordanes (∑CHLs) and MR in both sexes whereas perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrA) and MR were positively related in females only. MR was not associated with mercury. Additionally, levels of TT3 were negatively related to ∑CHLs but not to PFTrA. The findings from the present study indicate that some OCs (in both sexes) and some PFASs (only in females) could disrupt fine adjustment of BMR during reproduction in adult kittiwakes. Importantly, highly lipophilic OCs and highly proteinophilic PFASs appear, at least in females, to have the ability to disrupt the metabolic rate in an opposite way. Therefore, our study highlights the need for ecotoxicological studies to include a large variety of contaminants which can act in an antagonistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugh I Ellis
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Geir W Gabrielsen
- Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Coperchini F, Awwad O, Rotondi M, Santini F, Imbriani M, Chiovato L. Thyroid disruption by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:105-121. [PMID: 27837466 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are two fluorinated compounds widely used in industry because of their useful chemical characteristics. They were identified as endocrine disruptors due to their ability to interfere with thyroid function. The resistance of PFOA and PFOS to environmental degradation, their bio-accumulation in food chains, and their long half-life raised concern in the scientific community, and several studies were performed with the aim to establish the real dangerousness of these compounds for the human health. PURPOSE The present review will focus on the effects of PFOA and PFOS on the thyroid gland taking into account in vitro experiments, animal studies, and human data. PFOS and PFOA reduce the circulating levels of thyroid hormones in diet-exposed animals, mainly by increasing their metabolic clearance rate. CONCLUSIONS An accumulation of PFOS and PFOA was documented in thyroid cells, and a cytotoxic effect was observed after exposure to extremely high concentrations of these compounds. In environmentally exposed communities and in the general population, the most consistent effect of exposure to PFOA, and to a less extent to PFOS, is the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Women and children appear to be more at risk of developing mild thyroid failure. Pregnant women with circulating thyroid antibodies might be at risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism, mainly when exposed at high doses of PFOS. The relative risks for thyroid cancer in people exposed to PFOA and PFOS were low and based on a few cases. Moreover, there was no consistent finding across all or even most studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coperchini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione, Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - O Awwad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - M Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione, Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Endocrinology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors Fondazione, Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., Chair of Endocrinology, University of Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Domínguez A, Salazar Z, Arenas E, Betancourt M, Ducolomb Y, González-Márquez H, Casas E, Teteltitla M, Bonilla E. Effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate on viability, maturation and gap junctional intercellular communication of porcine oocytes in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:93-9. [PMID: 27233358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a broadly used man-made surfactant whose long half-life has led to bioaccumulation. This perfluorinated compound is ubiquitous in human body fluids. PFOS concentrations as high as 26μM in plasma have been reported in occupationally exposed populations, and high levels of PFOS in human follicular fluid have been associated with subfertility. However, the effect of PFOS on the maturation of oocytes in mammals has not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PFOS during oocyte maturation. Results indicate that PFOS inhibits oocyte viability (Lethal Concentration50=32μM) and maturation (inhibition of maturation50=22μM) at physiologically relevant concentrations. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of oocyte maturation inhibition by PFOS, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between oocytes and granulosa cells was assessed. GJIC between granulosa cells and the oocyte was significantly affected during the first 8h of maturation. However, the inhibitory effect of PFOS on GJIC was not due to an alteration on the expression of connexin genes Cx43, Cx45 and Cx60. These findings suggest that occupationally exposed populations could be at risk, and that PFOS might affect oocyte maturation by interfering the GJIC in the cumulus-oocyte complexes during the first hours of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico; Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción Animal, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Z Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - E Arenas
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - M Betancourt
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Y Ducolomb
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - H González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - E Casas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - M Teteltitla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico; Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción Animal, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - E Bonilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340 CDMX, Mexico.
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Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Vita R. Thyroid nodules and thyroid autoimmunity in the context of environmental pollution. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:319-40. [PMID: 26825072 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that in most industrialized countries autoimmune disorders, including chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, are increasing. This increase parallels the one regarding differentiated thyroid cancer, the increment of which is mainly due to the papillary histotype. A number of studies have pointed to an association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer. The upward trend of these two thyroid diseases is sustained by certain environmental factors, such as polluting substances acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Herein we will review the experimental and clinical literature that highlights the effects of environmental and occupational exposure to polluting chemicals in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease or differentiated thyroid cancer. Stakeholders, starting from policymarkers, should become more sensitive to the consequences for the thyroid resulting from exposure to EDC. Indeed, the economic burden resulting from such consequences has not been quantified thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Abstract
Exposure to chemicals from different sources in everyday life is widespread; one such source is the wide range of products listed under the title "cosmetics", including the different types of popular and widely-advertised sunscreens. Women are encouraged through advertising to buy into the myth of everlasting youth, and one of the most alarming consequences is in utero exposure to chemicals. The main route of exposure is the skin, but the main endpoint of exposure is endocrine disruption. This is due to many substances in cosmetics and sunscreens that have endocrine active properties which affect reproductive health but which also have other endpoints, such as cancer. Reducing the exposure to endocrine disruptors is framed not only in the context of the reduction of health risks, but is also significant against the background and rise of ethical consumerism, and the responsibility of the cosmetics industry in this respect. Although some plants show endocrine-disrupting activity, the use of well-selected natural products might reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. Instruments dealing with this problem include life-cycle analysis, eco-design, and green labels; in combination with the committed use of environmental management systems, they contribute to "corporate social responsibility".
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, MSc "Environment and Health. Capacity Building for Decision Making", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, B2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Annie J Sasco
- Epidemiology for Cancer Prevention, Team on HIV, Cancer and Global Health, Inserm U 897 - Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bordeaux Segalen University, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Surma M, Zieliński H. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity and modulation of mechanisms associated with inflammation induced by perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in human colon myofibroblasts CCD-18Co. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1683-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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