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Jiang N, Gelfond J, Liu Q, Strong R, Nelson JF. The Gehan test identifies life-extending compounds overlooked by the log-rank test in the NIA Interventions Testing Program: Metformin, Enalapril, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, green tea extract, and 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride. GeroScience 2024; 46:4533-4541. [PMID: 38630424 PMCID: PMC11335987 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The National Institute on Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has so far identified 12 compounds that extend the lifespan of genetically heterogeneous mice using the log-rank test. However, the log-rank test is relatively insensitive to any compound that does not uniformly reduce mortality across the lifespan. This test may thus miss compounds that only reduce mortality before midlife, for example, a plausible outcome if a compound only mitigates risk factors before midlife or if its efficacy is reduced at later ages. We therefore reanalyzed all data collected by the ITP from 2004-2022 using the Gehan test, which is more sensitive to mortality differences earlier in the life course and does not assume a uniformly reduced mortality hazard across the lifespan. The Gehan test identified 5 additional compounds, metformin, enalapril, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride (17-DMAG), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and green tea extract (GTE), which significantly increased survival but were previously missed by the log-rank test. Three (metformin, enalapril, and 17-DMAG) were only effective in males and two (CAPE and GTE) were only effective in females. In addition, 1,3-butanediol, which by log-rank analysis increased survival in females but not males, increased survival in males by the Gehan test. These results suggest that statistical tests sensitive to non-uniformity of drug efficacy across the lifespan should be included in the standard statistical testing protocol to minimize overlooking geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisi Jiang
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - Randy Strong
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A
| | - James F Nelson
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A..
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A..
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2
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Luciano A, Churchill GA. Quantifying the Impact of Co-Housing on Murine Aging Studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606373. [PMID: 39149237 PMCID: PMC11326161 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of preclinical lifespan studies often assume that outcome data from co-housed animals are independent. In practice, treatments, such as controlled feeding or putative life-extending compounds, are applied to whole housing units, and as a result the outcomes are potentially correlated within housing units. We consider intra-class (here, intra-cage) correlation in three published and two unpublished lifespan studies of aged mice encompassing more than 20 thousand observations. We show that the independence assumption underlying common analytic techniques does not hold in these data, particularly for traits associated with frailty. We describe and demonstrate various analytical tools available to accommodate this study design and highlight a limitation of standard variance components models (i.e., linear mixed models) which are the usual statistical tool for handling correlated errors. Through simulations, we examine the statistical biases resulting from intra-cage correlations with similar magnitudes as observed in these case studies and discuss implications for power and reproducibility.
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3
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Klinaki E, Ogrodnik M. In the land of not-unhappiness: On the state-of-the-art of targeting aging and age-related diseases by biomedical research. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111929. [PMID: 38561164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the Land of Not-Unhappiness refers to the potential achievement of eliminating the pathologies of the aging process. To inform of how close we are to settling in the land, we summarize and review the achievements of research on anti-aging interventions over the last hundred years with a specific focus on strategies that slow down metabolism, compensate for aging-related losses, and target a broad range of age-related diseases. We critically evaluate the existing interventions labeled as "anti-aging," such as calorie restriction, exercise, stem cell administration, and senolytics, to provide a down-to-earth evaluation of their current applicability in counteracting aging. Throughout the text, we have maintained a light tone to make it accessible to non-experts in biogerontology, and provide a broad overview for those considering conducting studies, research, or seeking to understand the scientific basis of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Klinaki
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Willows JW, Alshahal Z, Story NM, Alves MJ, Vidal P, Harris H, Rodrigo R, Stanford KI, Peng J, Reifsnyder PC, Harrison DE, David Arnold W, Townsend KL. Contributions of mouse genetic strain background to age-related phenotypes in physically active HET3 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:58-69. [PMID: 38325031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We assessed aging hallmarks in skin, muscle, and adipose in the genetically diverse HET3 mouse, and generated a broad dataset comparing these to individual animal diagnostic SNPs from the 4 founding inbred strains of the HET3 line. For middle- and old-aged HET3 mice, we provided running wheel exercise to ensure our observations were not purely representative of sedentary animals, but age-related phenotypes were not improved with running wheel activity. Adipose tissue fibrosis, peripheral neuropathy, and loss of neuromuscular junction integrity were consistent phenotypes in older-aged HET3 mice regardless of physical activity, but aspects of these phenotypes were moderated by the SNP% contributions of the founding strains for the HET3 line. Taken together, the genetic contribution of founder strain SNPs moderated age-related phenotypes in skin and muscle innervation and were dependent on biological sex and chronological age. However, there was not a single founder strain (BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J) that appeared to drive more protection or disease-risk across aging in this mouse line, but genetic diversity in general was more protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W Willows
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zahra Alshahal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Naeemah M Story
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michele J Alves
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hallie Harris
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rochelle Rodrigo
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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5
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Poudel SB, Frikha-Benayed D, Ruff RR, Yildirim G, Dixit M, Korstanje R, Robinson L, Miller RA, Harrison DE, Strong JR, Schaffler MB, Yakar S. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction using methylene blue or mitoquinone to improve skeletal aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4948-4964. [PMID: 38535998 PMCID: PMC11006499 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a well-established antioxidant that has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a selective antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria and effectively reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To investigate the effect of long-term administration of MB on skeletal morphology, we administered MB to aged (18 months old) female C57BL/J6 mice, as well as to adult male and female mice with a genetically diverse background (UM-HET3). Additionally, we used MitoQ as an alternative approach to target mitochondrial oxidative stress during aging in adult female and male UM-HET3 mice. Although we observed some beneficial effects of MB and MitoQ in vitro, the administration of these compounds in vivo did not alter the progression of age-induced bone loss. Specifically, treating 18-month-old female mice with MB for 6 or 12 months did not have an effect on age-related bone loss. Similarly, long-term treatment with MB from 7 to 22 months or with MitoQ from 4 to 22 months of age did not affect the morphology of cortical bone at the mid-diaphysis of the femur, trabecular bone at the distal-metaphysis of the femur, or trabecular bone at the lumbar vertebra-5 in UM-HET3 mice. Based on our findings, it appears that long-term treatment with MB or MitoQ alone, as a means to reduce skeletal oxidative stress, is insufficient to inhibit age-associated bone loss. This supports the notion that interventions solely with antioxidants may not provide adequate protection against skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Dorra Frikha-Benayed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ryan R. Ruff
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Gozde Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Ron Korstanje
- Jackson Aging Center, Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson’s Laboratories, Aging Center, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Laura Robinson
- Jackson Aging Center, Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson’s Laboratories, Aging Center, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - John R. Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mitchell B. Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
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6
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Monzó C, Deelen J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Intermittent rapamycin feeding recapitulates some effects of continuous treatment while maintaining lifespan extension. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101902. [PMID: 38360109 PMCID: PMC10900781 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapamycin, a powerful geroprotective drug, can have detrimental effects when administered chronically. We determined whether intermittent treatment of mice can reduce negative effects while maintaining benefits of chronic treatment. METHODS From 6 months of age, male and female C3B6F1 hybrid mice were either continuously fed with 42 mg/kg rapamycin, or intermittently fed by alternating weekly feeding of 42 mg/kg rapamycin food with weekly control feeding. Survival of these mice compared to control animals was measured. Furthermore, longitudinal phenotyping including metabolic (body composition, GTT, ITT, indirect calorimetry) and fitness phenotypes (treadmil, rotarod, electrocardiography and open field) was performed. Organ specific pathology was assessed at 24 months of age. RESULTS Chronic rapamycin treatment induced glucose intolerance, which was partially ameliorated by intermittent treatment. Chronic and intermittent rapamycin treatments increased lifespan equally in males, while in females chronic treatment resulted in slightly higher survival. The two treatments had equivalent effects on testicular degeneration, heart fibrosis and liver lipidosis. In males, the two treatment regimes led to a similar increase in motor coordination, heart rate and Q-T interval, and reduction in spleen weight, while in females, they equally reduced BAT inflammation and spleen weight and maintained heart rate and Q-T interval. However, other health parameters, including age related pathologies, were better prevented by continuous treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent rapamycin treatment is effective in prolonging lifespan and reduces some side-effects of chronic treatment, but chronic treatment is more beneficial to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf Baghdadi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Monzó
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, Spain
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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7
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Lee MB, Blue B, Muir M, Kaeberlein M. The million-molecule challenge: a moonshot project to rapidly advance longevity intervention discovery. GeroScience 2023; 45:3103-3113. [PMID: 37432607 PMCID: PMC10643437 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting aging is the future of twenty-first century preventative medicine. Small molecule interventions that promote healthy longevity are known, but few are well-developed and discovery of novel, robust interventions has stagnated. To accelerate longevity intervention discovery and development, high-throughput systems are needed that can perform unbiased drug screening and directly measure lifespan and healthspan metrics in whole animals. C. elegans is a powerful model system for this type of drug discovery. Combined with automated data capture and analysis technologies, truly high-throughput longevity drug discovery is possible. In this perspective, we propose the "million-molecule challenge", an effort to quantitatively assess 1,000,000 interventions for longevity within five years. The WormBot-AI, our best-in-class robotics and AI data analysis platform, provides a tool to achieve the million-molecule challenge for pennies per animal tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
| | - Benjamin Blue
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Sierra F, Kohanski RA. The Role of the National Institute on Aging in the Development of the Field of Geroscience. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041211. [PMID: 36878648 PMCID: PMC10547375 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The conceptualization of the field of geroscience, which began about 10 years ago, marks, together with the publication of "The hallmarks of aging" (see López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Cell 153: 1194-1217, 2013), a significant watershed in the development of aging research. Based on a very simple and commonly accepted premise, namely, that aging biology is at the core the most significant risk factor for all chronic diseases affecting the elderly, geroscience became possible because of earlier significant developments in the field of aging biology. Here we describe the origins of the concept, as well as its current status in the field. The principles of geroscience provide an important new biomedical perspective and have spawned a significantly increased interest in aging biology within the larger biomedical scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald A Kohanski
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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9
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Watanabe K, Wilmanski T, Baloni P, Robinson M, Garcia GG, Hoopmann MR, Midha MK, Baxter DH, Maes M, Morrone SR, Crebs KM, Kapil C, Kusebauch U, Wiedrick J, Lapidus J, Pflieger L, Lausted C, Roach JC, Glusman G, Cummings SR, Schork NJ, Price ND, Hood L, Miller RA, Moritz RL, Rappaport N. Lifespan-extending interventions induce consistent patterns of fatty acid oxidation in mouse livers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:768. [PMID: 37481675 PMCID: PMC10363145 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging manifests as progressive deteriorations in homeostasis, requiring systems-level perspectives to investigate the gradual molecular dysregulation of underlying biological processes. Here, we report systemic changes in the molecular regulation of biological processes under multiple lifespan-extending interventions. Differential Rank Conservation (DIRAC) analyses of mouse liver proteomics and transcriptomics data show that mechanistically distinct lifespan-extending interventions (acarbose, 17α-estradiol, rapamycin, and calorie restriction) generally tighten the regulation of biological modules. These tightening patterns are similar across the interventions, particularly in processes such as fatty acid oxidation, immune response, and stress response. Differences in DIRAC patterns between proteins and transcripts highlight specific modules which may be tightened via augmented cap-independent translation. Moreover, the systemic shifts in fatty acid metabolism are supported through integrated analysis of liver transcriptomics data with a mouse genome-scale metabolic model. Our findings highlight the power of systems-level approaches for identifying and characterizing the biological processes involved in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Baloni
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Gonzalo G Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Charu Kapil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jack Wiedrick
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lance Pflieger
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Population Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Bene M, Salmon AB. Testing the evidence that lifespan-extending compound interventions are conserved across laboratory animal model species. GeroScience 2023; 45:1401-1409. [PMID: 36637786 PMCID: PMC10400519 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of pharmaceutical and small molecule interventions are reported to extend the lifespan of laboratory animals including Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and mouse. However, the degree to which these pro-longevity interventions are conserved across species is unclear. Here, we took two approaches to ask the question: to what extent do longevity intervention studies in Caenorhabditis and Drosophila recapitulate effects on mouse lifespan? The first approach analyzes all published reports on longevity in the literature collated by the DrugAge database, and the second approach focused on results designed for reproducibility as reported from the NIA-supported Interventions Testing Program (ITP) and the Caenorhabditis Interventions Testing Program (CITP). Using published data sources, we identify only modest sensitivity and specificity of Drosophila interventional studies for identifying pro-longevity compounds in mouse lifespan studies. Surprisingly, reported studies in C. elegans show little predictive value for identifying drugs that extend lifespan in mice. The results therefore suggest caution should be used when making assumptions about the translatability of lifespan-extending compounds across species, including human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bene
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
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11
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Sharp ZD, Strong R. Rapamycin, the only drug that has been consistently demonstrated to increase mammalian longevity. An update. Exp Gerontol 2023; 176:112166. [PMID: 37011714 PMCID: PMC10868408 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelton Dave Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America.
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Research Service of the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
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12
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Sathiaseelan R, Ahn B, Stout M, Logan S, Wanagat J, Nguyen H, Hord N, Vandiver A, Selvarani R, Ranjit R, Yarbrough H, Masingale A, Miller B, Wolf R, Austad S, Richardson A. A Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Model with Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:771-779. [PMID: 36762848 PMCID: PMC10172978 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated a genetically heterogenous rat model by a 4-way cross strategy using 4 inbred strains (Brown Norway [BN], Fischer 344 [F344], Lewis [LEW], and Wistar Kyoto [KY]) to provide investigators with a highly genetically diverse rat model from commercially available inbred rats. We made reciprocal crosses between males and females from the 2 F1 hybrids to generate genetically heterogeneous rats with mitochondrial genomes from either the BN (OKC-HETB, a.k.a "B" genotype) or WKY (OKC-HETW a.k.a "W" genotype) parental strains. These two mitochondrial genomes differ at 94 nucleotides, more akin to human mitochondrial genome diversity than that available in classical laboratory mouse strains. Body weights of the B and W genotypes were similar. However, mitochondrial genotype antagonistically affected grip strength and treadmill endurance in females only. In addition, mitochondrial genotype significantly affected multiple responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) and treatment with 17α-estradiol. Contrary to findings in mice in which males only are affected by 17α-estradiol supplementation, female rats fed a HFD beneficially responded to 17α-estradiol treatment as evidenced by declines in body mass, adiposity, and liver mass. Male rats, by contrast, differed in a mitochondrial genotype-specific manner, with only B males responding to 17α-estradiol treatment. Mitochondrial genotype and sex differences were also observed in features of brain-specific antioxidant response to a HFD and 17α-estradiol as shown by hippocampal levels of Sod2 acetylation, JNK, and FoxO3a. These results emphasize the importance of mitochondrial genotype in assessing responses to putative interventions in aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hoang Van M Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Norman G Hord
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Amy R Vandiver
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hannah Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anthony Masingale
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Roman F Wolf
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Jurrjens AW, Seldin MM, Giles C, Meikle PJ, Drew BG, Calkin AC. The potential of integrating human and mouse discovery platforms to advance our understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. eLife 2023; 12:e86139. [PMID: 37000167 PMCID: PMC10065800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases encompass a range of interrelated conditions that arise from underlying metabolic perturbations precipitated by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While obesity, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and insulin resistance are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, individuals still present in the absence of such traditional risk factors, making it difficult to determine those at greatest risk of disease. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate the genetic, environmental, and molecular underpinnings to better understand, diagnose, and treat cardiometabolic diseases. Much of this information can be garnered using systems genetics, which takes population-based approaches to investigate how genetic variance contributes to complex traits. Despite the important advances made by human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in this space, corroboration of these findings has been hampered by limitations including the inability to control environmental influence, limited access to pertinent metabolic tissues, and often, poor classification of diseases or phenotypes. A complementary approach to human GWAS is the utilisation of model systems such as genetically diverse mouse panels to study natural genetic and phenotypic variation in a controlled environment. Here, we review mouse genetic reference panels and the opportunities they provide for the study of cardiometabolic diseases and related traits. We discuss how the post-GWAS era has prompted a shift in focus from discovery of novel genetic variants to understanding gene function. Finally, we highlight key advantages and challenges of integrating complementary genetic and multi-omics data from human and mouse populations to advance biological discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Jurrjens
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Johnson AA, Cuellar TL. Glycine and aging: Evidence and mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101922. [PMID: 37004845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The restriction of calories, branched-chain amino acids, and methionine have all been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms. Recently, glycine was shown to significantly boost longevity in genetically heterogenous mice. This simple amino acid similarly extends lifespan in rats and improves health in mammalian models of age-related disease. While compelling data indicate that glycine is a pro-longevity molecule, divergent mechanisms may underlie its effects on aging. Glycine is abundant in collagen, a building block for glutathione, a precursor to creatine, and an acceptor for the enzyme Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). A review of the literature strongly implicates GNMT, which clears methionine from the body by taking a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine and methylating glycine to form sarcosine. In flies, Gnmt is required for reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and caloric restriction to fully extend lifespan. The geroprotector spermidine requires Gnmt to upregulate autophagy genes and boost longevity. Moreover, the overexpression of Gnmt is sufficient to extend lifespan and reduce methionine levels. Sarcosine, or methylglycine, declines with age in multiple species and is capable of inducing autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Taken all together, existing evidence suggests that glycine prolongs life by mimicking methionine restriction and activating autophagy.
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15
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Strong R, Miller RA, Cheng CJ, Nelson JF, Gelfond J, Allani SK, Diaz V, Dorigatti AO, Dorigatti J, Fernandez E, Galecki A, Ginsburg B, Hamilton KL, Javors MA, Kornfeld K, Kaeberlein M, Kumar S, Lombard DB, Lopez‐Cruzan M, Miller BF, Rabinovitch P, Reifsnyder P, Rosenthal NA, Bogue MA, Salmon AB, Suh Y, Verdin E, Weissbach H, Newman J, Maccchiarini F, Harrison DE. Lifespan benefits for the combination of rapamycin plus acarbose and for captopril in genetically heterogeneous mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13724. [PMID: 36179270 PMCID: PMC9741502 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice bred in 2017 and entered into the C2017 cohort were tested for possible lifespan benefits of (R/S)-1,3-butanediol (BD), captopril (Capt), leucine (Leu), the Nrf2-activating botanical mixture PB125, sulindac, syringaresinol, or the combination of rapamycin and acarbose started at 9 or 16 months of age (RaAc9, RaAc16). In male mice, the combination of Rapa and Aca started at 9 months and led to a longer lifespan than in either of the two prior cohorts of mice treated with Rapa only, suggesting that this drug combination was more potent than either of its components used alone. In females, lifespan in mice receiving both drugs was neither higher nor lower than that seen previously in Rapa only, perhaps reflecting the limited survival benefits seen in prior cohorts of females receiving Aca alone. Capt led to a significant, though small (4% or 5%), increase in female lifespan. Capt also showed some possible benefits in male mice, but the interpretation was complicated by the unusually low survival of controls at one of the three test sites. BD seemed to produce a small (2%) increase in females, but only if the analysis included data from the site with unusually short-lived controls. None of the other 4 tested agents led to any lifespan benefit. The C2017 ITP dataset shows that combinations of anti-aging drugs may have effects that surpass the benefits produced by either drug used alone, and that additional studies of captopril, over a wider range of doses, are likely to be rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Strong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of PharmacologyBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Catherine J. Cheng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - James F. Nelson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - Vivian Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Angela Olsen Dorigatti
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Molecular MedicineBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan Dorigatti
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Molecular MedicineBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of PharmacologyBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Departments of Internal Medicine and BiostatisticsUniversity of Michigan School of Medicine and School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Brett Ginsburg
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and the Center for Healthy AgingColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Martin A. Javors
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Suja Kumar
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Marisa Lopez‐Cruzan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center, Oklahoma Center for GeroscienceHarold Hamm Diabetes CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Peter Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | | | - Adam B. Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Molecular MedicineBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Genetics & Development, Reproductive Aging ProgramVagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - John Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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16
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Sleiman MB, Roy S, Gao AW, Sadler MC, von Alvensleben GVG, Li H, Sen S, Harrison DE, Nelson JF, Strong R, Miller RA, Kutalik Z, Williams RW, Auwerx J. Sex- and age-dependent genetics of longevity in a heterogeneous mouse population. Science 2022; 377:eabo3191. [PMID: 36173858 PMCID: PMC9905652 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA variants that modulate life span provide insight into determinants of health, disease, and aging. Through analyses in the UM-HET3 mice of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), we detected a sex-independent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 and identified sex-specific QTLs, some of which we detected only in older mice. Similar relations between life history and longevity were uncovered in mice and humans, underscoring the importance of early access to nutrients and early growth. We identified common age- and sex-specific genetic effects on gene expression that we integrated with model organism and human data to create a hypothesis-building interactive resource of prioritized longevity and body weight genes. Finally, we validated Hipk1, Ddost, Hspg2, Fgd6, and Pdk1 as conserved longevity genes using Caenorhabditis elegans life-span experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marie C. Sadler
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V. G. von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - James F. Nelson
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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17
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Jayarathne HSM, Debarba LK, Jaboro JJ, Ginsburg BC, Miller RA, Sadagurski M. Neuroprotective effects of Canagliflozin: Lessons from aged genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13653. [PMID: 35707855 PMCID: PMC9282842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging brain is characterized by progressive increases in neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance, which contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Recently, the Interventions Testing Program demonstrated that the anti-diabetes drug, Canagliflozin (Cana), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, but extended median lifespan by 14% in male mice only. Here, we show that Cana treatment significantly improved central insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus of 30-month-old male mice. Aged males produce more robust neuroimmune responses than aged females. Remarkably, Cana-treated male and female mice showed significant reductions in age-associated hypothalamic gliosis with a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production by microglia. However, in the hippocampus, Cana reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in males, but not in female mice. The decrease in microgliosis was partially correlated with reduced phosphorylation of S6 kinase in microglia of Cana-treated aged male, but not female mice. Thus, Cana treatment improved insulin responsiveness in aged male mice. Furthermore, Cana treatment improved exploratory and locomotor activity of 30-month-old male but not female mice. Taken together, we demonstrate the sex-specific neuroprotective effects of Cana treatment, suggesting its application for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashan S. M. Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Lucas K. Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jacob J. Jaboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Brett C. Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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18
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Hoffman JM, Hernandez CM, Hernandez AR, Bizon JL, Burke SN, Carter CS, Buford TW. Bridging the Gap: A Geroscience Primer for Neuroscientists With Potential Collaborative Applications. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e10-e18. [PMID: 34653247 PMCID: PMC8751800 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While neurodegenerative diseases can strike at any age, the majority of afflicted individuals are diagnosed at older ages. Due to the important impact of age in disease diagnosis, the field of neuroscience could greatly benefit from the many of the theories and ideas from the biology of aging-now commonly referred as geroscience. As discussed in our complementary perspective on the topic, there is often a "silo-ing" between geroscientists who work on understanding the mechanisms underlying aging and neuroscientists who are studying neurodegenerative diseases. While there have been some strong collaborations between the biology of aging and neuroscientists, there is still great potential for enhanced collaborative effort between the 2 fields. To this end, here, we review the state of the geroscience field, discuss how neuroscience could benefit from thinking from a geroscience perspective, and close with a brief discussion on some of the "missing links" between geroscience and neuroscience and how to remedy them. Notably, we have a corresponding, concurrent review from the neuroscience perspective. Our overall goal is to "bridge the gap" between geroscience and neuroscience such that more efficient, reproducible research with translational potential can be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abbi R Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Wolf AM. Rodent diet aids and the fallacy of caloric restriction. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111584. [PMID: 34673082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of normal aging is a prerequisite to significantly improving human health span. Caloric restriction (CR) can delay aging and has served as a yardstick to evaluate interventions extending life span. However, mice given unlimited access to food suffer severe obesity. Health gains from CR depend on control mice being sufficiently overweight and less obese mouse strains benefit far less from CR. Pharmacologic interventions that increase life span, including resveratrol, rapamycin, nicotinamide mononucleotide and metformin, also reduce body weight. In primates, CR does not delay aging unless the control group is eating enough to suffer from obesity-related disease. Human survival is optimal at a body mass index achievable without CR, and the above interventions are merely diet aids that shouldn't slow aging in healthy weight individuals. CR in humans of optimal weight can safely be declared useless, since there is overwhelming evidence that hunger, underweight and starvation reduce fitness, survival, and quality of life. Against an obese control, CR does, however, truly delay aging through a mechanism laid out in the following tumor suppression theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan.
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20
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Howlett SE, Rutenberg AD, Rockwood K. The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:651-665. [PMID: 37117769 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a multiply determined, age-related state of increased risk for adverse health outcomes. We review how the degree of frailty conditions the development of late-life diseases and modifies their expression. The risks for frailty range from subcellular damage to social determinants. These risks are often synergistic-circumstances that favor damage also make repair less likely. We explore how age-related damage and decline in repair result in cellular and molecular deficits that scale up to tissue, organ and system levels, where they are jointly expressed as frailty. The degree of frailty can help to explain the distinction between carrying damage and expressing its usual clinical manifestations. Studying people-and animals-who live with frailty, including them in clinical trials and measuring the impact of the degree of frailty are ways to better understand the diseases of old age and to establish best practices for the care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Howlett
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University & Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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21
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Hoffman JM, Dudeck SK, Patterson HK, Austad SN. Sex, mating and repeatability of Drosophila melanogaster longevity. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210273. [PMID: 34457337 PMCID: PMC8371361 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Costs of reproduction are seemingly ubiquitous across the animal kingdom, and these reproductive costs are generally defined by increased reproduction leading to decreases in other fitness components, often longevity. However, some recent reports question whether reproductive costs exist in every species or population. To provide insight on this issue, we sought to determine the extent to which genetic variation might play a role in one type of reproductive cost-survival-using Drosophila melanogaster. We found, surprisingly, no costs of reproduction nor sex differences in longevity across all 15 genetic backgrounds in two cohorts. We did find significant variation within some genotypes, though these were much smaller than expected. We also observed that small laboratory changes lead to significant changes in longevity within genotypes, suggesting that longevity repeatability in flies may be difficult. We finally compared our results to previously published longevities and found that reproducibility is similar to what we saw in our own laboratory, further suggesting that stochasticity is a strong component of fruit fly lifespan. Overall, our results suggest that there are still large gaps in our knowledge about the effects of sex and mating, as well as genetic background and laboratory conditions on lifespan reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Baghdadi M, Hinterding HM, Partridge L, Deelen J. From mutation to mechanism: deciphering the molecular function of genetic variants linked to human ageing. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 21:13-23. [PMID: 33690799 PMCID: PMC8789301 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the leading causes of death in humans, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are influenced by biological mechanisms that become dysregulated with increasing age. Hence, by targeting these ageing-related mechanisms, we may be able to improve health in old age. Ageing is partly heritable and genetic studies have been moderately successful in identifying genetic variants associated with ageing-related phenotypes (lifespan, healthspan and longevity). To decipher the mechanisms by which the identified variants influence ageing, studies that focus on their functional validation are vital. In this perspective, we describe the steps that could be taken in the process of functional validation: (1) in silico characterisation using bioinformatic tools; (2) in vitro characterisation using cell lines or organoids; and (3) in vivo characterisation studies using model organisms. For the in vivo characterisation, it is important to focus on translational phenotypes that are indicative of both healthspan and lifespan, such as the frailty index, to inform subsequent intervention studies. The depth of functional validation of a genetic variant depends on its location in the genome and conservation in model organisms. Moreover, some variants may prove to be hard to characterise due to context-dependent effects related to the experimental environment or genetic background. Future efforts to functionally characterise the (newly) identified genetic variants should shed light on the mechanisms underlying ageing and will help in the design of targeted interventions to improve health in old age.
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23
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Ji N, Mukherjee N, Reyes RM, Gelfond J, Javors M, Meeks JJ, McConkey DJ, Shu ZJ, Ramamurthy C, Dennett R, Curiel TJ, Svatek RS. Rapamycin enhances BCG-specific γδ T cells during intravesical BCG therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001941. [PMID: 33653802 PMCID: PMC7929866 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intravesical BCG is the standard treatment of high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), response rates remain unsatisfactory. In preclinical models, rapamycin enhances BCG vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis and the killing capacity of γδ T cells, which are critical for BCG's antitumor effects. Here, we monitored immunity, safety, and tolerability of rapamycin combined with BCG in patients with NMIBC. METHODS A randomized double-blind trial of oral rapamycin (0.5 or 2.0 mg daily) versus placebo for 1 month was conducted in patients with NMIBC concurrently receiving 3 weekly BCG instillations (NCT02753309). The primary outcome was induction of BCG-specific γδ T cells, measured as a percentage change from baseline. Post-BCG urinary cytokines and immune cells were examined as surrogates for local immune response in the bladder. Secondary outcomes measured were adverse events (AEs) and tolerability using validated patient-reported questionnaires. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were randomized (11 placebo, 8 rapamycin 2.0 mg, and 12 rapamycin 0.5 mg). AEs were similar across groups and most were grade 1-2. One (12.5%) patient randomized to 2.0 mg rapamycin was taken off treatment due to stomatitis. No significant differences in urinary symptoms, bowel function, or bother were observed between groups. The median (IQR) percentage change in BCG-specific γδ T cells from baseline per group was as follows: -26% (-51% to 24%) for placebo, 9.6% (-59% to 117%) for rapamycin 0.5 mg (versus placebo, p=0.18), and 78.8% (-31% to 115%) for rapamycin 2.0 mg (versus placebo, p=0.03). BCG-induced cytokines showed a progressive increase in IL-8 (p=0.02) and TNF-α (p=0.04) over time for patients on rapamycin 2.0 mg, whereas patients receiving placebo had no significant change in urinary cytokines. Compared with placebo, patients receiving 2.0 mg rapamycin had increased urinary γδ T cells at the first week of BCG (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of 0.5 and 2.0 mg oral rapamycin daily is safe and tolerable in combination with BCG for patients with NMIBC. Rapamycin enhances BCG-specific γδ T cell immunity and boosts urinary cytokines during BCG treatment. Further study is needed to determine long-term rapamycin safety, tolerability and effects on BCG efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Ji
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Neelam Mukherjee
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan M Reyes
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Martin Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Departments of Urology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen-Ju Shu
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chethan Ramamurthy
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Dennett
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Experimental Developmental Therapeutics (EDT) Program, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA .,Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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24
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Miller RA, Harrison DE, Allison DB, Bogue M, Debarba L, Diaz V, Fernandez E, Galecki A, Garvey WT, Jayarathne H, Kumar N, Javors MA, Ladiges WC, Macchiarini F, Nelson J, Reifsnyder P, Rosenthal NA, Sadagurski M, Salmon AB, Smith DL, Snyder JM, Lombard DB, Strong R. Canagliflozin extends life span in genetically heterogeneous male but not female mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140019. [PMID: 32990681 PMCID: PMC7710304 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin (Cana) is an FDA-approved diabetes drug that protects against cardiovascular and kidney diseases. It also inhibits the sodium glucose transporter 2 by blocking renal reuptake and intestinal absorption of glucose. In the context of the mouse Interventions Testing Program, genetically heterogeneous mice were given chow containing Cana at 180 ppm at 7 months of age until their death. Cana extended median survival of male mice by 14%. Cana also increased by 9% the age for 90th percentile survival, with parallel effects seen at each of 3 test sites. Neither the distribution of inferred cause of death nor incidental pathology findings at end-of-life necropsies were altered by Cana. Moreover, although no life span benefits were seen in female mice, Cana led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, diminishing fat mass in females only. Therefore, the life span benefit of Cana is likely to reflect blunting of peak glucose levels, because similar longevity effects are seen in male mice given acarbose, a diabetes drug that blocks glucose surges through a distinct mechanism, i.e., slowing breakdown of carbohydrate in the intestine. Interventions that control daily peak glucose levels deserve attention as possible preventive medicines to protect from a wide range of late-life neoplastic and degenerative diseases. The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin extends median life span of male mice but does not increase life span of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Molly Bogue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Lucas Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vivian Diaz
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrzej Galecki
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hashan Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - James Nelson
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Departments of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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25
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TSAI YC, CHENG LH, LIU YW, JENG OJ, LEE YK. Gerobiotics: probiotics targeting fundamental aging processes. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:1-11. [PMID: 33520563 PMCID: PMC7817508 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is recognized as a common risk factor for many chronic diseases and functional decline. The newly emerging field of geroscience is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging. Several fundamental biological processes have been proposed as hallmarks of aging. The proposition of the geroscience hypothesis is that targeting holistically these highly integrated hallmarks could be an effective approach to preventing the pathogenesis of age-related diseases jointly, thereby improving the health span of most individuals. There is a growing awareness concerning the benefits of the prophylactic use of probiotics in maintaining health and improving quality of life in the elderly population. In view of the rapid progress in geroscience research, a new emphasis on geroscience-based probiotics is in high demand, and such probiotics require extensive preclinical and clinical research to support their functional efficacy. Here we propose a new term, "gerobiotics", to define those probiotic strains and their derived postbiotics and para-probiotics that are able to beneficially attenuate the fundamental mechanisms of aging, reduce physiological aging processes, and thereby expand the health span of the host. We provide a thorough discussion of why the coining of a new term is warranted instead of just referring to these probiotics as anti-aging probiotics or with other similar terms. In this review, we highlight the needs and importance of the new field of gerobiotics, past and currently on-going research and development in the field, biomarkers for potential targets, and recommended steps for the development of gerobiotic products. Use of gerobiotics could be a promising intervention strategy to improve health span and longevity of humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh TSAI
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao CHENG
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei 10448, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn LIU
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Kun LEE
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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26
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Zhang ZD, Milman S, Lin JR, Wierbowski S, Yu H, Barzilai N, Gorbunova V, Ladiges WC, Niedernhofer LJ, Suh Y, Robbins PD, Vijg J. Genetics of extreme human longevity to guide drug discovery for healthy ageing. Nat Metab 2020; 2:663-672. [PMID: 32719537 PMCID: PMC7912776 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor for most common chronic human diseases, and it therefore is a logical target for developing interventions to prevent, mitigate or reverse multiple age-related morbidities. Over the past two decades, genetic and pharmacologic interventions targeting conserved pathways of growth and metabolism have consistently led to substantial extension of the lifespan and healthspan in model organisms as diverse as nematodes, flies and mice. Recent genetic analysis of long-lived individuals is revealing common and rare variants enriched in these same conserved pathways that significantly correlate with longevity. In this Perspective, we summarize recent insights into the genetics of extreme human longevity and propose the use of this rare phenotype to identify genetic variants as molecular targets for gaining insight into the physiology of healthy ageing and the development of new therapies to extend the human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shayne Wierbowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Single-Cell Omics in Aging and Disease, School of Public Health, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Arriola Apelo SI, Lin A, Brinkman JA, Meyer E, Morrison M, Tomasiewicz JL, Pumper CP, Baar EL, Richardson NE, Alotaibi M, Lamming DW. Ovariectomy uncouples lifespan from metabolic health and reveals a sex-hormone-dependent role of hepatic mTORC2 in aging. eLife 2020; 9:56177. [PMID: 32720643 PMCID: PMC7386906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mTOR (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin) signaling by rapamycin promotes healthspan and longevity more strongly in females than males, perhaps because inhibition of hepatic mTORC2 (mTOR Complex 2) specifically reduces the lifespan of males. Here, we demonstrate using gonadectomy that the sex-specific impact of reduced hepatic mTORC2 is not reversed by depletion of sex hormones. Intriguingly, we find that ovariectomy uncouples lifespan from metabolic health, with ovariectomized females having improved survival despite paradoxically having increased adiposity and decreased control of blood glucose levels. Further, ovariectomy unexpectedly promotes midlife survival of female mice lacking hepatic mTORC2, significantly increasing the survival of those mice that do not develop cancer. In addition to identifying a sex hormone-dependent role for hepatic mTORC2 in female longevity, our results demonstrate that metabolic health is not inextricably linked to lifespan in mammals, and highlight the importance of evaluating healthspan in mammalian longevity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Jacqueline A Brinkman
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Emma Meyer
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Mark Morrison
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Jay L Tomasiewicz
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States
| | - Cassidy P Pumper
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Emma L Baar
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Mohammed Alotaibi
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
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28
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Palliyaguru DL, Rudderow AL, Sossong AM, Lewis KN, Younts C, Pearson KJ, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Perinatal diet influences health and survival in a mouse model of leukemia. GeroScience 2020; 42:1147-1155. [PMID: 32394346 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to determine the role of maternal diet in the perinatal period on the health and survival of the offspring. AKR/J mice, a model described to be susceptible to leukemia development, was used where females were maintained on either standard diet (SD), high sucrose diet, Western diet, or calorie restriction (CR) as they were mated with SD-fed males. Body weights, pregnancy rates, litter size, and litter survival were used as markers of successful pregnancy and pup health. Data indicated that maternal diet had significant effects on litter size, early pup survival, and early pup body weights. As pups matured, the makeup of their respective maternal diet was a predictor of adult metabolic health and survival. Overall, these results suggest that perinatal maternal diet is an important determinant of the health and survival of the offspring and that these effects continue well into adulthood, strongly correlating with lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria L Rudderow
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alex M Sossong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kaitlyn N Lewis
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Caitlin Younts
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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29
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Biruete A, Srinivasan S, O'Neill KD, Vorland CJ, Hill Gallant KM, Cai W, Uribarri J, Johnston N, Allen MR, Chen NX, Moe SM. Adverse Effects of Autoclaved Diets on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder in Rats. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51:381-389. [PMID: 32146472 PMCID: PMC7228841 DOI: 10.1159/000506729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoclaving rodent diets is common in laboratory animals, but autoclaving increases the formation of dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGE). We studied the effect of autoclaved (AC) diet alone or in combination with a diet high in bioavailable phosphorus on biochemistries of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), intestinal gene expression, and oxidative stress. METHODS Male CKD rats (Cy/+) and normal littermates were fed 1 of 3 diets: AC 0.7% phosphorus grain-based diet for 28 weeks (AC); AC diet for 17 weeks followed by non-autoclaved (Non-AC) 0.7% phosphorus casein diet until 28 weeks (AC + Casein); or Non-AC diet for 16 weeks followed by a Non-AC purified diet until 30 weeks (Non-AC + Casein). RESULTS AC diets contained ~3× higher AGEs and levels varied depending on the location within the autoclave. Rats fed the AC and AC + Casein diets had higher total AGEs and oxidative stress, irrespective of kidney function. Kidney function was more severely compromised in CKD rats fed AC or AC + Casein compared to Non-AC + Casein. There was a disease-by-diet interaction for plasma phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and c-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23, driven by high values in the CKD rats fed the AC + Casein diet. Compared to Non-AC + Casein, AC and AC + Casein-fed groups had increased expression of receptor of AGEs and intestinal NADPH oxidase dual oxidase-2, independent of kidney function. CONCLUSIONS Autoclaving rodent diets impacts the progression of CKD and CKD-MBD, highlighting the critical importance of standardizing diets in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shruthi Srinivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Colby J Vorland
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Johnston
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,
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30
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Coleman-Hulbert AL, Johnson E, Sedore CA, Banse SA, Guo M, Driscoll M, Lithgow GJ, Phillips PC. Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program: the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate does not extend lifespan in nematodes. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2019. [PMID: 32010883 PMCID: PMC6993932 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Johnson
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Christine A Sedore
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Stephen A Banse
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Max Guo
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Gordon J Lithgow
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - Patrick C Phillips
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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31
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Abstract
Measuring lifespan of the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, in a 96-well format enables the screening of large chemical libraries to identify biologically active molecules. Furthermore, the wide availability of these animals with specific genetic mutations allows the identification of genes that influence lifespan, and by extension, age-related biological pathways. Here, we present a method for measuring the lifespan of C. elegans in 96-well microtiter plates to identify and study pharmacologically active molecules that extend lifespan. The format of this assay is readily adapted for automated liquid handling systems and imaging of phenotypes.
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32
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Hodgson R, Kennedy BK, Masliah E, Scearce-Levie K, Tate B, Venkateswaran A, Braithwaite SP. Aging: therapeutics for a healthy future. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:453-458. [PMID: 31783058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased healthcare and pharmaceutical understanding has led to the eradication of many childhood, infectious and preventable diseases; however, we are now experiencing the impact of aging disorders as the lifespan increases. These disorders have already become a major burden on society and threaten to become a defining challenge of our generation. Indications such as Alzheimer's disease gain headlines and have focused the thinking of many towards dementia and cognitive decline in aging. Indications related to neurological function and related behaviors are thus an extremely important starting point in the consideration of therapeutics.However, the reality is that pathological aging covers a spectrum of significant neurological and peripheral indications. Development of therapeutics to treat aging and age-related disorders is therefore a huge need, but represents a largely unexplored path. Fundamental scientific questions need to be considered as we embark towards a goal of improving health in old age, including how we 1) define aging as a therapeutic target, 2) model aging preclinically and 3) effectively translate from preclinical models to man. Furthermore, the challenges associated with identifying novel therapeutics in a financial, regulatory and clinical sense need to be contemplated carefully to ensure we address the unmet need in our increasingly elderly population. The complexity of the challenge requires different perspectives, cross-functional partnerships and diverse concepts. We seek to raise issues to guide the field, considering the current state of thinking to aid in identifying roadblocks and important challenges early. The need for therapeutics that address aging and age-related disorders is acute, but the promise of effective treatments provides huge opportunities that, as a community, we all seek to enable effectively as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hodgson
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, United States; CNS Biology, Takeda, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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Bang E, Lee B, Noh SG, Kim DH, Jung HJ, Ha S, Yu BP, Chung HY. Modulation of senoinflammation by calorie restriction based on biochemical and Omics big data analysis. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30545444 PMCID: PMC6386225 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.1.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process characterized by physiological and functional decline with time that increases susceptibility to diseases. Aged-related functional change is accompanied by a low-grade, unresolved chronic inflammation as a major underlying mechanism. In order to explain aging in the context of chronic inflammation, a new integrative concept on age-related chronic inflammation is necessary that encompasses much broader and wider characteristics of cells, tissues, organs, systems, and interactions between immune and non-immune cells, metabolic and non-metabolic organs. We have previously proposed a novel concept of senescent (seno)-inflammation and provided its frameworks. This review summarizes senoinflammation concept and additionally elaborates modulation of senoinflammation by calorie restriction (CR). Based on aging and CR studies and systems-biological analysis of Omics big data, we observed that senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) primarily composed of cytokines and chemokines was notably upregulated during aging whereas CR suppressed them. This result further strengthens the novel concept of senoinflammation in aging process. Collectively, such evidence of senoinflammation and modulatory role of CR provide insights into aging mechanism and potential interventions, thereby promoting healthy longevity. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 56-63].
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Taming expectations of metformin as a treatment to extend healthspan. GeroScience 2019; 41:101-108. [PMID: 30746605 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic medication metformin has potential to be the first drug tested to slow aging in humans. While the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) proposal and other small-scale clinical trials have the potential to support aging as a treatment indication, we propose that the goals of the TAME trial might not be entirely consistent with the Geroscience goal of extending healthspan. There is expanding epidemiological support for the health benefits of metformin in individuals already diagnosed with overt chronic disease. However, it remains to be understood if these protective effects extend to those free of chronic disease. Within this editorial, we seek to highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be considered when testing metformin as a treatment to target aging.
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Bang E, Lee B, Noh SG, Kim DH, Jung HJ, Ha S, Yu BP, Chung HY. Modulation of senoinflammation by calorie restriction based on biochemical and Omics big data analysis. BMB Rep 2019; 52:56-63. [PMID: 30545444 PMCID: PMC6386225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process characterized by physiological and functional decline with time that increases susceptibility to diseases. Aged-related functional change is accompanied by a low-grade, unresolved chronic inflammation as a major underlying mechanism. In order to explain aging in the context of chronic inflammation, a new integrative concept on age-related chronic inflammation is necessary that encompasses much broader and wider characteristics of cells, tissues, organs, systems, and interactions between immune and non-immune cells, metabolic and non-metabolic organs. We have previously proposed a novel concept of senescent (seno)-inflammation and provided its frameworks. This review summarizes senoinflammation concept and additionally elaborates modulation of senoinflammation by calorie restriction (CR). Based on aging and CR studies and systems-biological analysis of Omics big data, we observed that senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) primarily composed of cytokines and chemokines was notably upregulated during aging whereas CR suppressed them. This result further strengthens the novel concept of senoinflammation in aging process. Collectively, such evidence of senoinflammation and modulatory role of CR provide insights into aging mechanism and potential interventions, thereby promoting healthy longevity. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 56-63].
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062,
Korea
| | - Sang-Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229,
USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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Abstract
Significant progress in defining the biology of aging, particularly in animal models, supports the geroscience hypothesis, which posits that by therapeutically targeting biological aging, the onset of multiple age-related diseases can be delayed "en suite". Geroscience investigators are preparing to test this hypothesis in humans for the first time. In this review, we describe development of large-scale clinical trials designed to determine if multiple age-related health conditions can be simultaneously alleviated with interventions targeting the underlying biology of aging. We describe the rationale and collaborative, consensus building approach used to design the first aging outcomes trial called Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME). Through this case study, we outline features that could be more broadly extended to other geroscience-guided clinical trials, including a process for selecting biochemical and molecular markers of biologic age and we provide a perspective on the potential impact of clinical trials targeting aging.
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Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
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Hahn O, Stubbs TM, Reik W, Grönke S, Beyer A, Partridge L. Hepatic gene body hypermethylation is a shared epigenetic signature of murine longevity. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007766. [PMID: 30462643 PMCID: PMC6281273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary, pharmacological and genetic interventions can extend health- and lifespan in diverse mammalian species. DNA methylation has been implicated in mediating the beneficial effects of these interventions; methylation patterns deteriorate during ageing, and this is prevented by lifespan-extending interventions. However, whether these interventions also actively shape the epigenome, and whether such epigenetic reprogramming contributes to improved health at old age, remains underexplored. We analysed published, whole-genome, BS-seq data sets from mouse liver to explore DNA methylation patterns in aged mice in response to three lifespan-extending interventions: dietary restriction (DR), reduced TOR signaling (rapamycin), and reduced growth (Ames dwarf mice). Dwarf mice show enhanced DNA hypermethylation in the body of key genes in lipid biosynthesis, cell proliferation and somatotropic signaling, which strongly correlates with the pattern of transcriptional repression. Remarkably, DR causes a similar hypermethylation in lipid biosynthesis genes, while rapamycin treatment increases methylation signatures in genes coding for growth factor and growth hormone receptors. Shared changes of DNA methylation were restricted to hypermethylated regions, and they were not merely a consequence of slowed ageing, thus suggesting an active mechanism driving their formation. By comparing the overlap in ageing-independent hypermethylated patterns between all three interventions, we identified four regions, which, independent of genetic background or gender, may serve as novel biomarkers for longevity-extending interventions. In summary, we identified gene body hypermethylation as a novel and partly conserved signature of lifespan-extending interventions in mouse, highlighting epigenetic reprogramming as a possible intervention to improve health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Stubbs
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hook M, Roy S, Williams EG, Bou Sleiman M, Mozhui K, Nelson JF, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Genetic cartography of longevity in humans and mice: Current landscape and horizons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2718-2732. [PMID: 29410319 PMCID: PMC6066442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and highly variable process. Heritability of longevity among humans and other species is low, and this finding has given rise to the idea that it may be futile to search for DNA variants that modulate aging. We argue that the problem in mapping longevity genes is mainly one of low power and the genetic and environmental complexity of aging. In this review we highlight progress made in mapping genes and molecular networks associated with longevity, paying special attention to work in mice and humans. We summarize 40 years of linkage studies using murine cohorts and 15 years of studies in human populations that have exploited candidate gene and genome-wide association methods. A small but growing number of gene variants contribute to known longevity mechanisms, but a much larger set have unknown functions. We outline these and other challenges and suggest some possible solutions, including more intense collaboration between research communities that use model organisms and human cohorts. Once hundreds of gene variants have been linked to differences in longevity in mammals, it will become feasible to systematically explore gene-by-environmental interactions, dissect mechanisms with more assurance, and evaluate the roles of epistasis and epigenetics in aging. A deeper understanding of complex networks-genetic, cellular, physiological, and social-should position us well to improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James F Nelson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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40
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mTOR inhibitors for treatment of low-risk prostate cancer. Med Hypotheses 2018; 117:63-68. [PMID: 30077200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence increases with age; along with many other cancers, it could be considered a disease of aging. Prostate cancer screening has led to a significant proportion of men diagnosed with low-grade, low-stage prostate cancer who are now more likely to choose an active surveillance strategy rather than definitive treatments. Definitive treatment, such as surgery and radiation therapy, is useful for high-grade disease; however, because of the low long-term risk of progression of a low-grade disease and side effects of surgery and radiation, these treatments are less commonly used for low-grade disease. While five alpha reductase inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cancer detection on subsequent biopsies for men on active surveillance, no medications have been proven to prevent progression to high-grade disease. mTOR pathways have long been known to influence prostate cancer and are targets in various prostate cancer patient populations. Low-dose mTOR inhibition with rapamycin has shown promise in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer and appear to affect cellular senescence and immunomodulation in the aging population. We hypothesize that low-dose mTOR inhibition could reduce progression of low-grade prostate cancer patients, allowing them to remain on active surveillance.
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41
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An JY, Darveau R, Kaeberlein M. Oral health in geroscience: animal models and the aging oral cavity. GeroScience 2018; 40:1-10. [PMID: 29282653 PMCID: PMC5832657 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the single greatest risk factor for many diseases, including oral diseases. Despite this, a majority of preclinical oral health research has not adequately considered the importance of aging in research aimed at the mechanistic understanding of oral disease. Here, we have attempted to provide insights from animal studies in the geroscience field and apply them in the context of oral health research. In particular, we discuss the relationship between the biology of aging and mechanisms of oral disease. We also present a framework for defining and utilizing age-appropriate rodents and present experimental design considerations, such as the number of age-points used and the importance of genetic background. While focused primarily on rodent models, alternative animal models that may be particularly useful for studies of oral health during aging, such as companion dogs and marmoset monkeys, are also discussed. We hope that such information will aid in the design of future preclinical studies of geriatric dental health, thus allowing more reliability for translation of such studies to age-associated oral disease in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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42
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Ruby JG, Smith M, Buffenstein R. Naked Mole-Rat mortality rates defy gompertzian laws by not increasing with age. eLife 2018; 7:31157. [PMID: 29364116 PMCID: PMC5783610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), has a reported maximum lifespan of >30 years and exhibits delayed and/or attenuated age-associated physiological declines. We questioned whether these mouse-sized, eusocial rodents conform to Gompertzian mortality laws by experiencing an exponentially increasing risk of death as they get older. We compiled and analyzed a large compendium of historical naked mole-rat lifespan data with >3000 data points. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed a substantial portion of the population to have survived at 30 years of age. Moreover, unlike all other mammals studied to date, and regardless of sex or breeding-status, the age-specific hazard of mortality did not increase with age, even at ages 25-fold past their time to reproductive maturity. This absence of hazard increase with age, in defiance of Gompertz's law, uniquely identifies the naked mole-rat as a non-aging mammal, confirming its status as an exceptional model for biogerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graham Ruby
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
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43
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Sklirou A, Papanagnou ED, Fokialakis N, Trougakos IP. Cancer chemoprevention via activation of proteostatic modules. Cancer Lett 2018; 413:110-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Lee MB, Kaeberlein M. Translational Geroscience: From invertebrate models to companion animal and human interventions. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2018; 2:15-29. [PMID: 32368707 PMCID: PMC7198054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational geroscience is an interdisciplinary field descended from basic gerontology that seeks to identify, validate, and clinically apply interventions to maximize healthy, disease-free lifespan. In this review, we describe a research pipeline for the identification and validation of lifespan extending interventions. Beginning in invertebrate model systems, interventions are discovered and then characterized using other invertebrate model systems (evolutionary translation), models of genetic diversity, and disease models. Vertebrate model systems, particularly mice, can then be utilized to validate interventions in mammalian systems. Collaborative, multi-site efforts, like the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), provide a key resource to assess intervention robustness in genetically diverse mice. Mouse disease models provide a tool to understand the broader utility of longevity interventions. Beyond mouse models, we advocate for studies in companion pets. The Dog Aging Project is an exciting example of translating research in dogs, both to develop a model system and to extend their healthy lifespan as a goal in itself. Finally, we discuss proposed and ongoing intervention studies in humans, unmet needs for validating interventions in humans, and speculate on how differences in survival among human populations may influence intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B. Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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45
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Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Advances in Therapeutic Approaches to Extend Healthspan: a perspective from the 2 nd Scripps Symposium on the Biology of Aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:610-614. [PMID: 28585366 PMCID: PMC5506446 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2nd Scripps Florida Symposium on The Biology of Aging entitled ‘Advances in Therapeutic Approaches to Extend Healthspan’ was held on January 22nd–25th, 2017 at The Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida. The meeting highlighted a variety of therapeutic approaches in animal models of aging that either are or soon will be in clinic trials. For example, drugs targeting senescent cells, metformin, rapalogs, NAD precursors, young plasma, mitochondrial‐targeted free radical scavengers, stem cells, and stem cell factors all have shown significant preclinical efficacy. This perspective, based on presentations and discussions at the symposium, outlines the current and future state of development of therapeutic approaches to extend human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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Barardo DG, Newby D, Thornton D, Ghafourian T, de Magalhães JP, Freitas AA. Machine learning for predicting lifespan-extending chemical compounds. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1721-1737. [PMID: 28783712 PMCID: PMC5559171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age is a risk factor for many diseases; therefore developing pharmacological interventions that slow down ageing and consequently postpone the onset of many age-related diseases is highly desirable. In this work we analyse data from the DrugAge database, which contains chemical compounds and their effect on the lifespan of model organisms. Predictive models were built using the machine learning method random forests to predict whether or not a chemical compound will increase Caenorhabditis elegans' lifespan, using as features Gene Ontology (GO) terms annotated for proteins targeted by the compounds and chemical descriptors calculated from each compound's chemical structure. The model with the best predictive accuracy used both biological and chemical features, achieving a prediction accuracy of 80%. The top 20 most important GO terms include those related to mitochondrial processes, to enzymatic and immunological processes, and terms related to metabolic and transport processes. We applied our best model to predict compounds which are more likely to increase C. elegans' lifespan in the DGIdb database, where the effect of the compounds on an organism's lifespan is unknown. The top hit compounds can be broadly divided into four groups: compounds affecting mitochondria, compounds for cancer treatment, anti-inflammatories, and compounds for gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo G. Barardo
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Thornton
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMP = adenosine monophosphate CETP = cholesteryl ester transfer protein FOXO = Forkhead box O GH = growth hormone HDL = high-density lipoprotein IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 LDL = low-density lipoprotein miRNA = microRNA mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin SIRT = sirtuin T4 = thyroxine TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it." Omar Khayyam ( 1 ).
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Espeland MA, Crimmins EM, Grossardt BR, Crandall JP, Gelfond JAL, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Manson JE, Robinson JG, Rocca WA, Temprosa M, Thomas F, Wallace R, Barzilai N. Clinical Trials Targeting Aging and Age-Related Multimorbidity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:355-361. [PMID: 28364543 PMCID: PMC5777384 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in identifying interventions that may increase health span by targeting biological processes underlying aging. The design of efficient and rigorous clinical trials to assess these interventions requires careful consideration of eligibility criteria, outcomes, sample size, and monitoring plans. Methods Experienced geriatrics researchers and clinical trialists collaborated to provide advice on clinical trial design. Results Outcomes based on the accumulation and incidence of age-related chronic diseases are attractive for clinical trials targeting aging. Accumulation and incidence rates of multimorbidity outcomes were developed by selecting at-risk subsets of individuals from three large cohort studies of older individuals. These provide representative benchmark data for decisions on eligibility, duration, and assessment protocols. Monitoring rules should be sensitive to targeting aging-related, rather than disease-specific, outcomes. Conclusions Clinical trials targeting aging are feasible, but require careful design consideration and monitoring rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brandon R Grossardt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jill P Crandall
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jonathan A L Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Walter A Rocca
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marinella Temprosa
- The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- The Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Liu ET, Bolcun-Filas E, Grass DS, Lutz C, Murray S, Shultz L, Rosenthal N. Of mice and CRISPR: The post-CRISPR future of the mouse as a model system for the human condition. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:187-193. [PMID: 28119373 PMCID: PMC5286389 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sharpe EJ, Larson ED, Proenza C. Cyclic AMP reverses the effects of aging on pacemaker activity and If in sinoatrial node myocytes. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:237-247. [PMID: 28057842 PMCID: PMC5299620 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging reduces pacemaker activity and shifts the voltage dependence of activation of the funny current, If, in sinoatrial node myocytes. Sharpe et al. find that these effects of aging can be reversed by application of exogenous cAMP but not by stimulation of endogenous cAMP. Aerobic capacity decreases with age, in part because of an age-dependent decline in maximum heart rate (mHR) and a reduction in the intrinsic pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node of the heart. Isolated sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) from aged mice have slower spontaneous action potential (AP) firing rates and a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of activation of the “funny current,” If. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a critical modulator of both AP firing rate and If in SAMs. Here, we test the ability of endogenous and exogenous cAMP to overcome age-dependent changes in acutely isolated murine SAMs. We found that maximal stimulation of endogenous cAMP with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin significantly increased AP firing rate and depolarized the voltage dependence of activation of If in SAMs from both young and aged mice. However, these changes were insufficient to overcome the deficits in aged SAMs, and significant age-dependent differences in AP firing rate and If persisted in the presence of IBMX and forskolin. In contrast, the effects of aging on SAMs were completely abolished by a high concentration of exogenous cAMP, which restored AP firing rate and If activation to youthful levels in cells from aged animals. Interestingly, the age-dependent differences in AP firing rates and If were similar in whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings, and the hyperpolarizing shift in If persisted in excised inside-out patches, suggesting a limited role for cAMP in causing these changes. Collectively, the data indicate that aging does not impose an absolute limit on pacemaker activity and that it does not act by simply reducing the concentration of freely diffusible cAMP in SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Sharpe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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