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Zhang J, Feng D, Cheng J, Wüthrich K. Adenosine A 2A Receptor (A 2AAR) Ligand Screening Using the 19F-NMR Probe FPPA. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37276462 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The binding affinity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands is customarily measured by radio-ligand competition experiments. As an alternative approach, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) is used for the screening of small-molecule lead compounds in drug discovery; the two methods are complementary in that the measurements are performed with widely different experimental conditions. Here, we used the structure of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) complex with V-2006 (3-(4-amino-3-methylbenzyl)-7-(furan-2-yl)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amine) as the basis for the design of a fluorine-containing probe molecule, FPPA (4-(furan-2-yl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyramidin-2-amine), for binding studies with A2AAR. A protocol of experimental conditions for drug screening and measurements of drug binding affinities using 1D 19F-NMR observation of FPPA is validated with studies of known A2AAR ligands. 19F-NMR with FPPA is thus found to be a robust approach for the discovery of ligands with new core structures, which will expand the libraries of A2AAR-targeting drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Integrated Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Boulaamane Y, Ibrahim MAA, Britel MR, Maurady A. In silico studies of natural product-like caffeine derivatives as potential MAO-B inhibitors/AA 2AR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Integr Bioinform 2022; 19:jib-2021-0027. [PMID: 36112816 PMCID: PMC9800045 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is considered the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is described by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain. For many decades, L-DOPA has been considered as the gold standard for treating Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, however, due to the decrease of efficacy, in the long run, there is an urgent need for novel antiparkinsonian drugs. Caffeine derivatives have been reported several times for their neuroprotective properties and dual blockade of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and adenosine A2A receptors (AA2AR). Natural products are currently attracting more focus due to structural diversity and safety in contrast to synthetic drugs. In the present work, computational studies were conducted on natural product-like caffeine derivatives to search for novel potent candidates acting as dual MAO-B inhibitors/AA2AR antagonists for Parkinson's disease. Our findings revealed two natural products among the top hits: CNP0202316 and CNP0365210 fulfill the requirements of drugs acting on the brain. The selected lead compounds were further studied using molecular dynamics simulation to assess their stability with MAO-B. Current findings might shift the interest towards natural-based compounds and could be exploited to further optimize caffeine derivatives into a successful dual-target-directed drug for managing and halting the neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Boulaamane
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Cronstein BN, Cunha RA. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:340-372. [PMID: 35302044 PMCID: PMC8973513 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A2A- and A2BAR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Christa E Müller
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
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4
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McNeill SM, Baltos JA, White PJ, May LT. Biased agonism at adenosine receptors. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109954. [PMID: 33610717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine modulates many aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology through binding to the adenosine family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are comprised of four subtypes, the A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Modulation of adenosine receptor function by exogenous agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators can be beneficial for a number of conditions including cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Unfortunately, many preclinical drug candidates targeting adenosine receptors have failed in clinical trials due to limited efficacy and/or severe on-target undesired effects. To overcome the key barriers typically encountered when transitioning adenosine receptor ligands into the clinic, research efforts have focussed on exploiting the phenomenon of biased agonism. Biased agonism provides the opportunity to develop ligands that favour therapeutic signalling pathways, whilst avoiding signalling associated with on-target undesired effects. Recent studies have begun to define the structure-function relationships that underpin adenosine receptor biased agonism and establish how this phenomenon can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review we describe the recent advancements made towards achieving therapeutically relevant biased agonism at adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Patricio F, Morales-Andrade AA, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595635. [PMID: 33384602 PMCID: PMC7770114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Patricio
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alan Axel Morales-Andrade
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio De Neurofarmacología, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Berger AA, Winnick A, Welschmeyer A, Kaneb A, Berardino K, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. Istradefylline to Treat Patients with Parkinson's Disease Experiencing "Off" Episodes: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Int 2020; 12:109-129. [PMID: 33302331 PMCID: PMC7768423 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint12030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and peripherally; the syndromic parkinsonism symptoms of movement disorder, gait disorder, rigidity and tremor are mostly driven by the loss of these neurons in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients taking levodopa, the standard of care treatment for PD, will begin to experience a decrease in effectiveness at varying times. These periods, referred to as “off episodes”, are characterized by increased symptoms and have a detrimental effect on quality of life and disability. Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is indicated as a treatment addition to levodopa/carbidopa in patients experiencing “off episodes”. It promotes dopaminergic activity by antagonizing adenosine in the basal ganglia. This review will discuss istradefylline as a treatment for PD patients with off episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A. Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ariel Winnick
- Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Alexandra Welschmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Alicia Kaneb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Berardino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-515-9211
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants—Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Southcoast Health, Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA 02571, USA
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Kuder KJ, Załuski M, Schabikowski J, Latacz G, Olejarz‐Maciej A, Jaśko P, Doroz‐Płonka A, Brockmann A, Müller CE, Kieć‐Kononowicz K. Novel, Dual Target‐Directed Annelated Xanthine Derivatives Acting on Adenosine Receptors and Monoamine Oxidase B. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:772-786. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz‐Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Piotr Jaśko
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Agata Doroz‐Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Andreas Brockmann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical InstitutePharmaceutical Chemistry University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć‐Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsJagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna 9 30-688 Kraków Poland
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8
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Hernandez-Baltazar D, Nadella R, Mireya Zavala-Flores L, Rosas-Jarquin CDJ, Rovirosa-Hernandez MDJ, Villanueva-Olivo A. Four main therapeutic keys for Parkinson's disease: A mini review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:716-721. [PMID: 32373291 PMCID: PMC7196346 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.33659.8025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions. The progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) has been the main focus of study and PD therapies since ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this manuscript, a systematic revision of experimental and clinical evidence of PD-associated cell process was conducted. RESULTS Classically, the damage in the dopaminergic neuronal circuits of SNpc is favored by reactive oxidative/nitrosative stress, leading to cell death. Interestingly, the therapy for PD has only focused on avoiding the symptom progression but not in finding a complete reversion of the disease. Recent evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin system imbalance and neuroinflammation are the main keys in the progression of experimental PD. CONCLUSION The progression of neurodegeneration in SNpc is due to the complex interaction of multiple processes. In this review, we analyzed the main contribution of four cellular processes and discussed in the perspective of novel experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- IIIT Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT); International collaboration ID:1840; India
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Iijima M, Orimo S, Terashi H, Suzuki M, Hayashi A, Shimura H, Mitoma H, Kitagawa K, Okuma Y. Efficacy of istradefylline for gait disorders with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: A single-arm, open-label, prospective, multicenter study. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1405-1411. [PMID: 31039621 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1614167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gait disorders are common in Parkinson's disease patients who respond poorly to dopaminergic treatment. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors is expected to improve gait disorders. Istradefylline is a first-in-class selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist with benefits for motor complications associated with Parkinson's disease. Research design and methods: This multicenter, open-label, single-group, prospective interventional study evaluated changes in total gait-related scores of the Part II/III Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) in 31 Parkinson's disease patients treated with istradefylline. Gait analysis by portable gait rhythmogram was performed. Results: MDS-UPDRS Part III gait-related total scores significantly decreased at Weeks 4-12 from baseline with significant improvements in gait, freezing of gait, and postural stability. Significant decreases in MDS-UPDRS Part II total scores and individual item scores at Week 12 indicated improved daily living activities. At Week 12, there were significant improvements in FOG-Q, new FOG-Q, and overall movement per 48 h measured by portable gait rhythmogram. Adverse events occurred in 7/31 patients. Conclusions: Istradefylline improved gait disorders in Parkinson's disease patients complicated with freezing of gait, improving their quality of life. No unexpected adverse drug reactions were identified. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR (UMIN000020288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Iijima
- a Department of Neurology , Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Orimo
- b Department of Neurology , Kanto Central Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroo Terashi
- c Department of Neurology , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiko Suzuki
- d Department of Neurology , Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akito Hayashi
- e Department of Rehabilitation , Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital , Urayasu , Japan
| | - Hideki Shimura
- f Department of Neurology , Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital , Urayasu , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- g Department of Medical Education , Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- a Department of Neurology , Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Okuma
- h Department of Neurology , Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital , Izunokuni , Japan
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10
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Rabie H, Zhang Y, Pasquale N, Lagos MJ, Batson PE, Lee KB. NIR Biosensing of Neurotransmitters in Stem Cell-Derived Neural Interface Using Advanced Core-Shell Upconversion Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806991. [PMID: 30761616 PMCID: PMC8849937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive neurotransmitter detection and real-time monitoring of stem cell differentiation are both of great significance in the field of neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine. Although luminescent biosensing nanoprobes have been developed to address this need, they have intrinsic limitations such as autofluorescence, scattering, and phototoxicity. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gained increasing attention for various biomedical applications due to their high photostability, low auto-fluorescent background, and deep tissue penetration; however, UCNPs also suffer from low emission intensities due to undesirable energy migration pathways. To address the aforementioned issue, a single-crystal core-shell-shell "sandwich" structured UCNP is developed that is designed to minimize deleterious energy back-transfer to yield bright visible emissions using low power density excitations. These UCNPs show a remarkable enhancement of luminescent output relative to conventional β-NaYF4:Yb,Er codoped UCNPs and β-NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Yb "active shell" alike. Moreover, this advanced core-shell-shell UCNP is subsequently used to develop a highly sensitive biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of dopamine released from stem cell-derived dopaminergic-neurons. Given the challenges of in situ detection of neurotransmitters, the developed NIR-based biosensing of neurotransmitters in stem cell-derived neural interfaces present a unique tool for investigating single-cell mechanisms associated with dopamine, or other neurotransmitters, and their roles in neurological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudifah Rabie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Maureen J Lagos
- Department of Physics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Philip E Batson
- Department of Physics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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11
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Dashtipour K, Tafreshi AR, Pahwa R, Lyons KE. Extended-Release Amantadine for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:293-299. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1592677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Dashtipour
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ali R. Tafreshi
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kelly E. Lyons
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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12
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Rohilla S, Bansal R, Kachler S, Klotz KN. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies of 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthines as potent and selective A 2A AR ligands with in vivo efficacy against animal model of Parkinson's disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:601-612. [PMID: 30933785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a new series of 1,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted xanthine based potent and selective AR ligands for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Antagonistic interactions between dopamine and A2A adenosine receptors serve as the basis for the development of AR antagonists as potential drug candidates for PD. All the synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their affinity toward AR subtypes using in vitro radioligand binding assays. 1,3-Dipropylxanthine 7a with a methyl substituent at N-7 position represents the most potent compound of the series and displayed highest affinity (A2A, Ki = 0.108 µM), however incorporation of a propargyl group at 7-positon of the xanthine nucleus seems to be the most appropriate substitution to improve selectivity towards the A2A subtype along with reasonable potency. Antiparkinsonian activity has been evaluated using perphenazine induced catatonia in rats. Most of the synthesized xanthines significantly lowered the catatonic score as compared to control and displayed antiparkinsonian effects comparable to standard drug. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to grid-based molecular docking studies to understand the key structural requirements for the development of new molecules well-endowed with intrinsic efficacy and selectivity as adenosine receptor ligands. In silico studies carried out on newly synthesized xanthines provided further support to the pharmacological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rohilla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - Ranju Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Cerrone M, van Opbergen CJM, Malkani K, Irrera N, Zhang M, Van Veen TAB, Cronstein B, Delmar M. Blockade of the Adenosine 2A Receptor Mitigates the Cardiomyopathy Induced by Loss of Plakophilin-2 Expression. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1750. [PMID: 30568602 PMCID: PMC6290386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in plakophilin-2 (PKP2) are the most common cause of familial Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, a disease characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death, and progressive fibrofatty cardiomyopathy. The relation between loss of PKP2 expression and structural cardiomyopathy remains under study, though paracrine activation of pro-fibrotic intracellular signaling cascades is a likely event. Previous studies have indicated that ATP release into the intracellular space, and activation of adenosine receptors, can regulate fibrosis in various tissues. However, the role of this mechanism in the heart, and in the specific case of a PKP2-initiated cardiomyopathy, remains unexplored. Objectives: To investigate the role of ATP/adenosine in the progression of a PKP2-associated cardiomyopathy. Methods: HL1 cells were used to study PKP2- and Connexin43 (Cx43)-dependent ATP release. A cardiac-specific, tamoxifen-activated PKP2 knock-out murine model (PKP2cKO) was used to define the effect of adenosine receptor blockade on the progression of a PKP2-dependent cardiomyopathy. Results: HL1 cells silenced for PKP2 showed increased ATP release compared to control. Knockout of Cx43 in the same cells blunted the effect. PKP2cKO transcriptomic data revealed overexpression of genes involved in adenosine-receptor cascades. Istradefylline (an adenosine 2A receptor blocker) tempered the progression of fibrosis and mechanical failure observed in PKP2cKO mice. In contrast, PSB115, a blocker of the 2B adenosine receptor, showed opposite effects. Conclusion: Paracrine adenosine 2A receptor activation contributes to the progression of fibrosis and impaired cardiac function in animals deficient in PKP2. Given the limitations of the animal model, translation to the case of patients with PKP2 deficiency needs to be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cerrone
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kabir Malkani
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Toon A B Van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Torti M, Vacca L, Stocchi F. Istradefylline for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: is it a promising strategy? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1821-1828. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1524876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Torti
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Laura Vacca
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Department, Casa di Cura Privata Policlinico (CCPP), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Department, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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15
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García-Nafría J, Lee Y, Bai X, Carpenter B, Tate CG. Cryo-EM structure of the adenosine A 2A receptor coupled to an engineered heterotrimeric G protein. eLife 2018; 7:35946. [PMID: 29726815 PMCID: PMC5962338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that couples to the heterotrimeric G protein GS. Here, we determine the structure by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) of A2AR at pH 7.5 bound to the small molecule agonist NECA and coupled to an engineered heterotrimeric G protein, which contains mini-GS, the βγ subunits and nanobody Nb35. Most regions of the complex have a resolution of ~3.8 Å or better. Comparison with the 3.4 Å resolution crystal structure shows that the receptor and mini-GS are virtually identical and that the density of the side chains and ligand are of comparable quality. However, the cryo-EM density map also indicates regions that are flexible in comparison to the crystal structures, which unexpectedly includes regions in the ligand binding pocket. In addition, an interaction between intracellular loop 1 of the receptor and the β subunit of the G protein was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Lee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaochen Bai
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Carpenter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Suzuki K, Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Uchiyama T, Hirata K. Could istradefylline be a treatment option for postural abnormalities in mid-stage Parkinson's disease? J Neurol Sci 2018; 385:131-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Dhanak D, Edwards JP, Nguyen A, Tummino PJ. Small-Molecule Targets in Immuno-Oncology. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1148-1160. [PMID: 28938090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding the role and molecular mechanisms underlying immune surveillance and control of (pre)malignancies is revolutionizing clinical practice in the treatment of cancer. Presently, multiple biologic drugs targeting the immune checkpoint proteins PD(L)1 or CTLA4 have been approved and/or are in advanced stages of clinical development for many cancers. In addition, combination therapy with these agents and other immunomodulators is being intensively explored with the aim of improving primary response rates or prolonging overall survival. The effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy with biologics is spurring research in alternate approaches including small-molecule-mediated targeting of intracellular pathways modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This focus of this review is on some of the key intracellular pathways where the development of a small-molecule therapeutic is attractive, tractable, and potentially synergistic with extracellular biologic-mediated immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashyant Dhanak
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - James P Edwards
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Ancho Nguyen
- Immuno Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Peter J Tummino
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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18
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Suzuki K, Miyamoto M, Miyamoto T, Uchiyama T, Watanabe Y, Suzuki S, Kadowaki T, Fujita H, Matsubara T, Sakuramoto H, Hirata K. Istradefylline improves daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease: An open-label, 3-month study. J Neurol Sci 2017; 380:230-233. [PMID: 28870576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, has been reported to improve daily "off time" and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of istradefylline on sleep problems has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS We evaluated the effect of istradefylline on daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbances, and motor symptoms in 22 PD patients who were affected by the wearing off phenomenon in an open-label, 3-month study. Participants received 20-40mg/day istradefylline once daily (morning) over a 3-month period. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), PD sleep scale (PDSS)-2 and PD Questionnaire (PDQ-8) were administered at baseline, 2weeks, 1month, 2months and 3months. At baseline and 3months, patients were evaluated on the Movement Disorder Society Revision of the Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts III and IV. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (95.5%) completed the study. At 3months, MDS-UPDRS part III (-5.3, p=0.0002) and part IV (-2.5, p=0.001) scores improved and off time decreased significantly (-50.1min, p=0.0004). PDQ-8 scores were unchanged at 3months. ESS scores decreased significantly at 2months and 3months (-2.4 and -3.3, respectively, p<0.0001), but the total PDSS-2 scores did not change. CONCLUSION Istradefylline improved daytime sleepiness in PD patients, possibly through its effect on enhancing alertness. In addition, the lack of significant changes in the total PDSS-2 scores over the study period suggests istradefylline had no negative impact on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Medicine for Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Nursing, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Neuro-urology and Continence Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuka Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Nikko Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taro Kadowaki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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19
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Yin SB, Zhang XG, Chen S, Yang WT, Zheng XW, Zheng GQ. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Gene Knockout Prevents l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Induced Dyskinesia by Downregulation of Striatal GAD67 in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Parkinson's Mice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:88. [PMID: 28377741 PMCID: PMC5359221 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the primary pharmacological agent for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) limits the long-term use of l-DOPA for PD patients. Some data have reported that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists prevented LID in animal model of PD. However, the mechanism in which adenosine A2AR blockade alleviates the symptoms of LID has not been fully clarified. Here, we determined to knock out (KO) the gene of A2AR and explored the possible underlying mechanisms implicated in development of LID in a mouse model of PD. A2AR gene KO mice were unilaterally injected into the striatum with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in order to damage dopamine neurons on one side of the brain. 6-OHDA-lesioned mice were then injected once daily for 21 days with l-DOPA. Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) were evaluated on days 3, 8, 13, and 18 after l-DOPA administration, and real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and GAD67 were performed. We found that A2AR gene KO was effective in reducing AIM scores and accompanied with decrease of striatal GAD67, rather than GAD65. These results demonstrated that the possible mechanism involved in alleviation of AIM symptoms by A2AR gene KO might be through reducing the expression of striatal GAD67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bing Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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20
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Furlong TM, Supit AS, Corbit LH, Killcross S, Balleine BW. Pulling habits out of rats: adenosine 2A receptor antagonism in dorsomedial striatum rescues meth-amphetamine-induced deficits in goal-directed action. Addict Biol 2017; 22:172-183. [PMID: 26515740 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by a persistent loss of behavioral control resulting in insensitivity to negative feedback and abnormal decision-making. Here, we investigated the influence of methamphetamine (METH)-paired contextual cues on decision-making in rats. Choice between goal-directed actions was sensitive to outcome devaluation in a saline-paired context but was impaired in the METH-paired context, a deficit that was also found when negative feedback was provided. Reductions in c-Fos-related immunoreactivity were found in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) but not dorsolateral striatum after exposure to the METH context suggesting this effect reflected a loss specifically in goal-directed control in the METH context. This reduction in c-Fos was localized to non-enkephalin-expressing neurons in the DMS, likely dopamine D1-expressing direct pathway neurons, suggesting a relative change in control by the D1-direct versus D2-indirect pathways originating in the DMS may have been induced by METH-context exposure. To test this suggestion, we infused the adenosine 2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 into the DMS prior to test to reduce activity in D2 neurons relative to D1 neurons in the hope of reducing the inhibitory output from this region of the striatum. We found that this treatment fully restored sensitivity to negative feedback in a test conducted in the METH-paired context. These results suggest that drug exposure alters decision-making by downregulation of the circuitry mediating goal-directed action, an effect that can be ameliorated by acute A2A receptor inhibition in this circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri M. Furlong
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; University of Sydney; Australia
| | - Alva S.A. Supit
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; University of Sydney; Australia
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21
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O'Donnell JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. Resistance to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 52:71-81. [PMID: 27951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in decades, patients with difficult-to-treat cancers such as advanced stage metastatic melanoma are being offered a glimpse of hope in the form of immunotherapies. By targeting factors that foster the development and maintenance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumors, these therapies release the brakes on the host's own immune system; allowing cure of disease. Indeed, phase III clinical trials have revealed that therapies such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab which target the CTLA4 and PD-1 immune checkpoints, respectively, have raised the three-year survival of patients with melanoma to ∼70%, and overall survival (>5years) to ∼30%. Despite this unprecedented efficacy, many patients fail to respond, and more concerning, some patients who demonstrate encouraging initial responses to immunotherapy, can acquire resistance over time. There is now an urgent need to identify mechanisms of resistance, to predict outcome and to identify targets for combination therapy. Here, with the aim of guiding future combination trials that target specific resistance mechanisms to immunotherapies, we have summarised and discussed the current understanding of mechanisms promoting resistance to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies, and how combination strategies which target these pathways might yield better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S O'Donnell
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Brunschweiger A, Koch P, Schlenk M, Rafehi M, Radjainia H, Küppers P, Hinz S, Pineda F, Wiese M, Hockemeyer J, Heer J, Denonne F, Müller CE. 8-Substituted 1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrazino[2,1- f ]purinediones: Water-soluble adenosine receptor antagonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5462-5480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Guo D, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction between Ligand and G Protein-Coupled Receptor: The Case of the Adenosine Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:38-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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HQSAR and molecular docking studies of furanyl derivatives as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Propargylamine as functional moiety in the design of multifunctional drugs for neurodegenerative disorders: MAO inhibition and beyond. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:609-29. [PMID: 25921401 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in designing analogues that can potentially confer neuroprotection against debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, yet the multifactorial pathogenesis of this cluster of diseases remains a stumbling block for the successful design of an 'ultimate' drug. However, with the growing popularity of the "one drug, multiple targets" paradigm, many researchers have successfully synthesized and evaluated drug-like molecules incorporating a propargylamine function that shows potential to serve as multifunctional drugs or multitarget-directed ligands. It is the aim of this review to highlight the reported activities of these propargylamine derivatives and their prospect to serve as drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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26
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Nakaso K, Horikoshi Y, Takahashi T, Hanaki T, Nakasone M, Kitagawa Y, Koike T, Matsura T. Estrogen receptor-mediated effect of δ-tocotrienol prevents neurotoxicity and motor deficit in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Cremer JN, Amunts K, Schleicher A, Palomero-Gallagher N, Piel M, Rösch F, Zilles K. Changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors in Parkin and DJ-1 knockout mice--A quantitative multireceptor study. Neuroscience 2015; 311:539-51. [PMID: 26546471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-characterized neurological disorder with regard to its neuropathological and symptomatic appearance. At the genetic level, mutations of particular genes, e.g. Parkin and DJ-1, were found in human hereditary PD with early onset. Neurotransmitter receptors constitute decisive elements in neural signal transduction. Furthermore, since they are often altered in neurological and psychiatric diseases, receptors have been successful targets for pharmacological agents. However, the consequences of PD-associated gene mutations on the expression of transmitter receptors are largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the expression of 16 different receptor binding sites of the neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and adenosine by means of quantitative receptor autoradiography in Parkin and DJ-1 knockout mice. These knockout mice exhibit electrophysiological and behavioral deficits, but do not show the typical dopaminergic cell loss. We demonstrated differential changes of binding site densities in eleven brain regions. Most prominently, we found an up-regulation of GABA(B) and kainate receptor densities in numerous cortical areas of Parkin and DJ-1 knockout mice, as well as increased NMDA but decreased AMPA receptor densities in different brain regions of the Parkin knockout mice. The alterations of three different glutamate receptor types may indicate the potential relevance of the glutamatergic system in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, the cholinergic M1, M2 and nicotinic receptors as well as the adrenergic α2 and the adenosine A(2A) receptors showed differentially increased densities in Parkin and DJ-1 knockout mice. Taken together, knockout of the PD-associated genes Parkin or DJ-1 results in differential changes of neurotransmitter receptor densities, highlighting a possible role of altered non-dopaminergic, and in particular of glutamatergic neurotransmission in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Cremer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - K Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Cécile & Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Piel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
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Pentoxifylline Neuroprotective Effects Are Possibly Related to Its Anti-Inflammatory and TNF-Alpha Inhibitory Properties, in the 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:108179. [PMID: 26491600 PMCID: PMC4603313 DOI: 10.1155/2015/108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-TNF-alpha activity, associated with its anti-inflammatory action. Considering Parkinson's disease (PD) as a neuroinflammatory disorder, the objectives were to evaluate PTX neuroprotective properties, in a model of PD. Male Wistar rats, divided into sham-operated (SO), untreated 6-OHDA, and 6-OHDA treated with PTX (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) groups, received a unilateral 6-OHDA injection, except the SO group administered with saline. Treatments started 24 h after surgery and continued for 15 days when the animals were submitted to apomorphine-induced rotations, open field, and forced swimming tests. At the next day, they were euthanized and their striata processed for neurochemical (DA and DOPAC determinations), histological, and immunohistochemical (Fluoro-Jade, TH, DAT, OX-42, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS) studies. PTX reversed the behavioral changes observed in the untreated 6-OHDA animals. Furthermore, PTX partially reversed the decrease in DA contents and improved neuronal viability. In addition, decreases in immunostaining for TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) were reversed. The untreated 6-OHDA group showed intense OX-42, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS immunoreactivities, which were attenuated by PTX. In conclusion, we demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of PTX, possibly related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, indicating its potential as an adjunct treatment for PD.
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Lockwood JT, Remington G. Emerging drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: investigational drugs in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:407-21. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pourbasheer E, Shokouhi Tabar S, Masand VH, Aalizadeh R, Ganjali MR. 3D-QSAR and docking studies on adenosine A2A receptor antagonists by the CoMFA method. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:461-477. [PMID: 26055215 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1049666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease affects millions of people around the world. Recently, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists have been identified as a drug target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Consequently, there is an immediate need to develop new classes of A2A receptor antagonists. In the present analysis, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were performed on a series of pyrimidines, using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The best prediction was obtained with a CoMFA standard model (q(2) = 0.475, r(2) = 0.977) and a CoMFA region focusing model (q(2) = 0.637, r(2) = 0.976) combined with steric and electrostatic fields. The structural insights derived from the contour maps helped to better interpret the structure-activity relationships. Also, to understand the structure-activity correlation of A2A receptor antagonists, we have carried out molecular docking analysis. Based on the results obtained from the present 3D-QSAR and docking studies, we have identified some key features for increasing the activity of compounds, which have been used to design new A2A receptor antagonists. The newly designed molecules showed high activity with the obtained models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pourbasheer
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University (PNU) , Tehran , Iran
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Rieck M, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Callegari-Jacques SM, Altmann V, Schneider Medeiros M, Rieder CR, Hutz MH. Is there a role for ADORA2A polymorphisms in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease patients? Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:573-82. [PMID: 25872644 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Levodopa is first line treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its use is associated with the presence of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. In recent years, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is rising as a therapeutic target for PD. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ADORA2A is associated with levodopa adverse effects. PATIENTS & METHODS Two hundred and eight PD patients on levodopa therapy were investigated. rs2298383 and rs3761422 at the ADORA2A gene were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays. RESULTS A trend for association was observed for both polymorphism and diplotypes with dyskinesia. CONCLUSION The present results should be considered as positive preliminary evidence. Further studies are needed to determine the association between ADORA2A and dyskinesia. Original submitted 3 December 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rieck
- Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa postal 15053, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antagonism of the A2A receptor improves motor behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), according to results of clinical studies which confirm findings of previous experimental research. The xanthine derivative, istradefylline , has the longest half-life out of the available A2A receptor antagonists. Istradefylline easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows a high affinity to the human A2A receptor. AREAS COVERED This narrative review aims to discuss the safety and tolerability of istradefylline against the background of the currently available drug portfolio for the treatment of PD patients. EXPERT OPINION Istradefylline was safe and well tolerated in clinical trials, which have focused on l-DOPA-treated PD patients. The future of istradefylline as a complementary drug for modulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission also relies on its potential to act like an l-DOPA plus dopamine agonist sparing future treatment alternative and to reduce the risk of predominant l-DOPA-related onset of motor complications in addition to its direct ameliorating effect on motor symptoms. Dopamine-substituting drugs may dose-dependently produce systemic side effects, particularly onset of hypotension and nausea by peripheral dopamine receptor stimulation. Istradefylline does not interfere with these peripheral receptors and therefore shows a good safety and tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Department of Neurology , Gartenstr. 1, 13088 Berlin , Germany +49 30 92790223 ; +49 30 92790703 ; ;
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Atack JR, Shook BC, Rassnick S, Jackson PF, Rhodes K, Drinkenburg WH, Ahnaou A, te Riele P, Langlois X, Hrupka B, De Haes P, Hendrickx H, Aerts N, Hens K, Wellens A, Vermeire J, Megens AAHP. JNJ-40255293, a novel adenosine A2A/A1 antagonist with efficacy in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1005-19. [PMID: 25203719 DOI: 10.1021/cn5001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A antagonists are believed to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have characterized the dual adenosine A2A/A1 receptor antagonist JNJ-40255293 (2-amino-8-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-4-phenyl-5H-indeno[1,2-d]pyrimidin-5-one). JNJ-40255293 was a high-affinity (7.5 nM) antagonist at the human A2A receptor with 7-fold in vitro selectivity versus the human A1 receptor. A similar A2A:A1 selectivity was seen in vivo (ED50's of 0.21 and 2.1 mg/kg p.o. for occupancy of rat brain A2A and A1 receptors, respectively). The plasma EC50 for occupancy of rat brain A2A receptors was 13 ng/mL. In sleep-wake encephalographic (EEG) studies, JNJ-40255293 dose-dependently enhanced a consolidated waking associated with a subsequent delayed compensatory sleep (minimum effective dose: 0.63 mg/kg p.o.). As measured by microdialysis, JNJ-40255293 did not affect dopamine and noradrenaline release in the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. However, it was able to reverse effects (catalepsy, hypolocomotion, and conditioned avoidance impairment in rats; hypolocomotion in mice) produced by the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol. The compound also potentiated the agitation induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine. JNJ-40255293 also reversed hypolocomotion produced by the dopamine-depleting agent reserpine and potentiated the effects of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nigro-striatal pathway, an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Extrapolating from the rat receptor occupancy dose-response curve, the occupancy required to produce these various effects in rats was generally in the range of 60-90%. The findings support the continued research and development of A2A antagonists as potential treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Atack
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Brian C. Shook
- Janssen Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Stefanie Rassnick
- Janssen Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul F. Jackson
- Janssen Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kenneth Rhodes
- Janssen Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | | | - Abdallah Ahnaou
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Paula te Riele
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Xavier Langlois
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Brian Hrupka
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Haes
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Herman Hendrickx
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Nancy Aerts
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Koen Hens
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Annemie Wellens
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Jef Vermeire
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
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Abdel-Magid AF. A2A Receptor Antagonists May Potentially Treat Parkinson's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1074-5. [PMID: 26677407 DOI: 10.1021/ml500312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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The estrogen receptor β-PI3K/Akt pathway mediates the cytoprotective effects of tocotrienol in a cellular Parkinson's disease model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1303-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cortés A, Gracia E, Moreno E, Mallol J, Lluís C, Canela EI, Casadó V. Moonlighting Adenosine Deaminase: A Target Protein for Drug Development. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:85-125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in Parkinson's disease: progress in clinical trials from the newly approved istradefylline to drugs in early development and those already discontinued. CNS Drugs 2014; 28:455-74. [PMID: 24687255 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters other than dopamine, such as norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamate, adenosine and acetylcholine, are involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and contribute to its symptomatology. Thus, the progress of non-dopaminergic therapies for PD has attracted much interest in recent years. Among new classes of drugs, adenosine A2A antagonists have emerged as promising candidates. The development of new highly selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, and their encouraging anti-parkinsonian responses in animal models of PD, has provided a rationale for clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential and the safety of these agents in patients with PD. To date, the clinical research regarding A2A antagonists and their potential utilization in PD therapy continues to evolve between drugs just or previously discontinued (preladenant and vipadenant), new derivatives in development (tozadenant, PBF-509, ST1535, ST4206 and V81444) and the relatively old drug istradefylline, which has finally been licensed as an anti-parkinsonian drug in Japan. All these compounds have been shown to have a good safety profile and be well tolerated. Moreover, results from phase II and III trials also demonstrate that A2A antagonists are effective in reducing off-time, without worsening troublesome dyskinesia, and in increasing on-time with a mild increase of non-troublesome dyskinesia, in patients at an advanced stage of PD treated with L-DOPA. In addition, early findings suggest that A2A antagonists might also be efficacious as monotherapy in patients at an early stage of PD. This review summarizes pharmacological and clinical data available on istradefylline, tozadenant, PBF-509, ST1535, ST4206, V81444, preladenant and vipadenant.
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Human abuse liability evaluation of CNS stimulant drugs. Neuropharmacology 2014; 87:81-90. [PMID: 24793872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs that increase alertness, attention and concentration and energy, while also elevating mood, heart rate and blood pressure are referred to as stimulants. Despite some overlapping similarities, stimulants cannot be easily categorized by their chemical structure, mechanism of action, receptor binding profile, effects on monoamine uptake, behavioral pharmacology (e.g., effects on locomotion, temperature, and blood pressure), therapeutic indication or efficacy. Because of their abuse liability, a pre-market assessment of abuse potential is required for drugs that show stimulant properties; this review article focuses on the clinical aspects of this evaluation. This includes clinical trial adverse events, evidence of diversion or tampering, overdoses and the results of a human abuse potential study. While there are different types of human experimental studies that can be employed to evaluate stimulant abuse potential (e.g., drug discrimination, self-administration), only the human abuse potential study and clinical trial adverse event data are required for drug approval. The principal advances that have improved human abuse potential studies include using study enrichment strategies (pharmacologic qualification), larger sample sizes, better selection of endpoints and measurement strategies and more carefully considered interpretation of data. Because of the methodological advances, comparisons of newer studies with historical data is problematic and may contribute to a biased regulatory framework for the evaluation of newer stimulant-like drugs, such as A2 antagonists. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
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Grauer SM, Hodgson R, Hyde LA. MitoPark mice, an animal model of Parkinson's disease, show enhanced prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle and no loss of gating in response to the adenosine A(2A) antagonist SCH 412348. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1325-37. [PMID: 24150248 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychoses are debilitating side effects associated with current dopaminergic treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Prepulse inhibition (PPI), in which a non-startling stimulus reduces startle response to a subsequent startle-eliciting stimulus, is important in filtering out extraneous sensory stimuli. PPI deficits induced by dopamine agonists can model symptoms of psychosis. Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists, being developed as novel PD treatments, indirectly modulate dopamine signaling in the basal ganglia and may have an improved psychosis profile which could be detected using the PPI model. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study is to characterize PPI in MitoPark mice, which exhibit progressive loss of dopamine signaling and develop a Parkinson-like motor phenotype, and assess standard and novel PD treatment effects on PPI in MitoPark mice, which more closely mimic the basal ganglia dopamine status of PD patients. RESULTS MitoPark mice displayed enhanced PPI as dopamine tone decreased with age, consistent with studies in intact mice that show enhanced PPI in response to dopamine antagonists. Paradoxically, older MitoParks were more sensitive to PPI disruption when challenged with dopamine agonists such as apomorphine or pramipexole. Alternatively, SCH 412348, an adenosine A(2A) antagonist, did not disrupt PPI in MitoPark mice at doses that normalized hypoactivity. CONCLUSION Use of MitoPark mice in the PPI assay to assess the potential for PD treatment to produce psychoses likely represents a more disease-relevant model. SCH 412348 does not differentially disrupt PPI as do dopamine agonists, perhaps indicative of an improved psychosis profile of adenosine A(2A) antagonists, even in PD patients with decreased dopamine tone in the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Grauer
- Neuroscience Franchise, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K-15-C209, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA,
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Perez-Lloret S, Merello M. Two new adenosine receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: istradefylline versus tozadenant. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:1097-107. [PMID: 24673462 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.903924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine A2A receptors are localized in the brain, mainly within the caudate and putamen nuclei of the basal ganglia. Their activation leads to stimulation of the 'indirect' pathway. Conversely, administration of A2A receptor antagonists leads to inhibition of this pathway, which was translated into reduced hypomotility in several animal models of parkinsonism. AREAS COVERED In this review, the effects of two A2A receptor antagonists, istradefylline and tozadenant, on parkinsonian symptoms in animal and humans will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Animal studies have shown potent antiparkinsonian effects for several A2A receptor antagonists, including istradefylline. In clinical trials, istradefylline reduced OFF time when administered with levodopa, but results are inconclusive. Results with tozadenant are scarce. Modification of thalamic blood flow compatible with reduced inhibition was noted in one small trial, followed by a significant reduction in OFF time in a larger one. Therefore, both drugs show promising efficacy for the reduction of OFF time in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients, but further research is needed in order to obtain definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Perez-Lloret
- Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, Movement Disorders Section , Montañeses 2325 (1425), Buenos Aires , Argentina +54 11 57773200 ; +54 11 57773200 ;
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Pani AK, Jiao Y, Sample KJ, Smeyne RJ. Neurochemical measurement of adenosine in discrete brain regions of five strains of inbred mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92422. [PMID: 24642754 PMCID: PMC3958516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO), a non-classical neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, and its metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), have been shown to play an important role in a number of biochemical processes. Although their signaling is well described, it has been difficult to directly, accurately and simultaneously quantitate these purines in tissue or fluids. Here, we describe a novel method for measuring adenosine (ADO) and its metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Using this chromatographic technique, we examined baseline levels of ADO and ATP, ADP and AMP in 6 different brain regions of the C57BL/6J mouse: stratum, cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, substantia nigra and cerebellum and compared ADO levels in 5 different strains of mice (C57BL/6J, Swiss-Webster, FVB/NJ, 129P/J, and BALB/c). These studies demonstrate that baseline levels of purines vary significantly among the brain regions as well as between different mouse strains. These dissimilarities in purine concentrations may explain the variable phenotypes among background strains described in neurological disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar K. Pani
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Sample
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Smith KM, Browne SE, Jayaraman S, Bleickardt CJ, Hodge LM, Lis E, Yao L, Rittle SL, Innocent N, Mullins DE, Boykow G, Reynolds IJ, Hill D, Parker EM, Hodgson RA. Effects of the selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, SCH 412348, on the parkinsonian phenotype of MitoPark mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:31-8. [PMID: 24486705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors are predominantly localized on striatopallidal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, where they are colocalized with dopamine D2 receptors and are involved in the regulation of movement. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists have been evaluated as a novel treatment for Parkinson's disease and have demonstrated efficacy in a broad spectrum of pharmacological and toxicological rodent and primate models. Fewer studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in genetic models of hypodopaminergic states. SCH 412348 is a potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist that shows efficacy in rodent and primate models of movement disorders. Here we evaluated the effects of SCH 412348 in the MitoPark mouse, a genetic model that displays a progressive loss of dopamine neurons. The dopamine cell loss is associated with a profound akinetic phenotype that is sensitive to levodopa (l-dopa). SCH 412348 (0.3-10mg/kg administered orally) dose dependently increased locomotor activity in the mice. Moreover, SCH 412348 retained its efficacy in the mice as motor impairment progressed (12-22 weeks of age), demonstrating that the compound was efficacious in mild to severe Parkinson's disease-like impairment in the mice. Additionally, SCH 412348 fully restored lost functionality in a measure of hind limb bradykinesia and partially restored functionality in a rotarod test. These findings provide further evidence of the anti-Parkinsonian effects of selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists and predict that they will retain their efficacy in both mild and severe forms of motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Smith
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Susan E Browne
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Srinivasan Jayaraman
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Carina J Bleickardt
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lisa M Hodge
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Edward Lis
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Leon Yao
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sunday L Rittle
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Nathalie Innocent
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Deborra E Mullins
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - George Boykow
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ian J Reynolds
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - David Hill
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric M Parker
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert A Hodgson
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: what's in the non-dopaminergic pipeline? Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:34-46. [PMID: 24310604 PMCID: PMC3899482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine depletion resulting from degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the primary neurochemical basis of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While dopaminergic replacement strategies are effective in ameliorating these symptoms early in the disease process, more advanced stages of PD are associated with the development of treatment-related motor complications and dopamine-resistant symptoms. Other neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems are expressed in the basal ganglia and contribute to the extrapyramidal refinement of motor function. Furthermore, neuropathological studies suggest that they are also affected by the neurodegenerative process. These non-dopaminergic systems provide potential targets for treatment of motor fluctuations, levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and difficulty with gait and balance. This review summarizes recent advances in the clinical development of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of PD motor symptoms. Although the non-dopaminergic pipeline has been slow to yield new drugs, further development will likely result in improved treatments for PD symptoms that are induced by or resistant to dopamine replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,
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Dopamine-dependent compensation maintains motor behavior in mice with developmental ablation of dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:17095-107. [PMID: 24155314 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0890-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and consequent depletion of striatal dopamine are known to underlie the motor deficits observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Adaptive changes in dopaminergic terminals and in postsynaptic striatal neurons can compensate for significant losses of striatal dopamine, resulting in preservation of motor behavior. In addition, compensatory changes independent of striatal dopamine have been proposed based on PD therapies that modulate nondopaminergic circuits within the basal ganglia. We used a genetic strategy to selectively destroy dopaminergic neurons in mice during development to determine the necessity of these neurons for the maintenance of normal motor behavior in adult and aged mice. We find that loss of 90% of SNc dopaminergic neurons and consequent depletion of >95% of striatal dopamine does not result in changes in motor behavior in young-adult or aged mice as evaluated by an extensive array of motor behavior tests. Treatment of aged mutant mice with the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol precipitated motor behavior deficits in aged mutant mice, indicating that <5% of striatal dopamine is sufficient to maintain motor function in these mice. We also found that mutant mice exhibit an exaggerated response to l-DOPA compared with control mice, suggesting that preservation of motor function involves sensitization of striatal dopamine receptors. Our results indicate that congenital loss of dopaminergic neurons induces remarkable adaptions in the nigrostriatal system where limited amounts of dopamine in the dorsal striatum can maintain normal motor function.
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Bargiotas P, Konitsiotis S. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: emerging treatments. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:1605-17. [PMID: 24174877 PMCID: PMC3808152 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s36693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease therapy is still focused on the use of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa or L-dopa) for the symptomatic treatment of the main clinical features of the disease, despite intensive pharmacological research in the last few decades. However, regardless of its effectiveness, the long-term use of levodopa causes, in combination with disease progression, the development of motor complications termed levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). LIDs are the result of profound modifications in the functional organization of the basal ganglia circuitry, possibly related to the chronic and pulsatile stimulation of striatal dopaminergic receptors by levodopa. Hence, for decades the key feature of a potentially effective agent against LIDs has been its ability to ensure more continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the brain. The growing knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of LIDs and the increasing evidence on involvement of nondopaminergic systems raises the possibility of more promising therapeutic approaches in the future. In the current review, we focus on novel therapies for LIDs in Parkinson's disease, based mainly on agents that interfere with glutamatergic, serotonergic, adenosine, adrenergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission that are currently in testing or clinical development.
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Podurgiel S, Nunes E, Yohn S, Barber J, Thompson A, Milligan M, Lee C, López-Cruz L, Pardo M, Valverde O, Lendent C, Baqi Y, Müller C, Correa M, Salamone J. The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2) inhibitor tetrabenazine induces tremulous jaw movements in rodents: Implications for pharmacological models of parkinsonian tremor. Neuroscience 2013; 250:507-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Koch P, Akkari R, Brunschweiger A, Borrmann T, Schlenk M, Küppers P, Köse M, Radjainia H, Hockemeyer J, Drabczyńska A, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Müller CE. 1,3-Dialkyl-substituted tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-f]purine-2,4-diones as multiple target drugs for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7435-52. [PMID: 24139167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors and monoamine oxidases are drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we prepared a library of 55 mostly novel tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purinediones with various substituents in the 1- and 3-position (1,3-dimethyl, 1,3-diethyl, 1,3-dipropyl, 1-methyl-3-propargyl) and broad variation in the 9-position. A synthetic strategy to obtain 3-propargyl-substituted tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f]purinedione derivatives was developed. The new compounds were evaluated for their interaction with all four adenosine receptor subtypes and for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAO). Introduction of mono- or di-chloro-substituted phenyl, benzyl or phenethyl residues at N9 of the 1,3-dimethyl series led to the discovery of a novel class of potent MAO-B inhibitors, the most potent compound being 9-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (21g, IC(50) human MAO-B: 0.0629 μM), which displayed high selectivity versus the other investigated targets. Potent dually active A1/A2A adenosine receptor antagonists were identified, for example, 9-benzyl-1-methyl-3-propargyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)dione (19f, Ki, human receptors, A1: 0.249 μM, A2A: 0.253 μM). Several compounds showed triple-target inhibition, the best compound being 9-(2-methoxybenzyl)-1-methyl-3-(prop-2-ynyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro pyrimido [1,2-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (19g, Ki A1: 0.605 μM, Ki A2A: 0.417 μM, IC(50) MAO-B: 1.80 μM). Compounds inhibiting several different targets involved in neurodegeneration may exhibit additive or even synergistic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Koch
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Rieck M, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Francisconi CL, Fagundes PT, Monte TL, Callegari-Jacques SM, Rieder CR, Hutz MH. DRD2 haplotype is associated with dyskinesia induced by levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease patients. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1701-10. [PMID: 23171335 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dyskinesia and motor fluctuation are frequent and serious complications of chronic levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. Since genetic factors could play a role in determining the occurrence of these problems, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether possible functional polymorphisms among DRD2 and ANKK1 genes are associated with the risk of developing dyskinesia and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients. PATIENTS & METHODS One hundred and ninety nine patients in treatment with levodopa were genotyped for the -141CIns/Del, rs2283265, rs1076560, C957T, TaqIA and rs2734849 polymorphisms at the DRD2/ANKK1 gene region. RESULTS Carriers of the TTCTA haplotype showed an increased risk for the presence of dyskinesia (p = 0.007; 1.538 [95% CI: 1.126-2.101]). CONCLUSION Our data suggest an influence of the DRD2/ANKK1 gene region on levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rieck
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Müller T. Suitability of the adenosine antagonist istradefylline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: pharmacokinetic and clinical considerations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1015-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.795541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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León IDLPD, Parra-Cid MDC, Muñoz-Zurita A, Merino-Contreras SA, Montiel-Smith S, Meza-Reyes S, Ramírez-Mejía G, Sandoval-Ramírez J. Motor Effects of 1,3-Disubstituted 8-Styrylxanthines as A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> Adenosine-Receptor Antagonists in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.43044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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