1
|
Creecy A, Segvich D, Metzger C, Kohler R, Wallace JM. Combining anabolic loading and raloxifene improves bone quantity and some quality measures in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2024; 184:117106. [PMID: 38641232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) increases fracture risk due to changes in bone quantity and quality caused by mutations in collagen and its processing proteins. Current therapeutics improve bone quantity, but do not treat the underlying quality deficiencies. Male and female G610C+/- mice, a murine model of OI, were treated with a combination of raloxifene and in vivo axial tibial compressive loading starting at 10 weeks of age and continuing for 6 weeks to improve bone quantity and quality. Bone geometry and mechanical properties were measured to determine whole bone and tissue-level material properties. A colocalized Raman/nanoindentation system was used to measure chemical composition and nanomechanical properties in newly formed bone compared to old bone to determine if bone formed during the treatment regimen differed in quality compared to bone formed prior to treatment. Lastly, lacunar geometry and osteocyte apoptosis were assessed. OI mice were able to build bone in response to the loading, but this response was less robust than in control mice. Raloxifene improved some bone material properties in female but not male OI mice. Raloxifene did not alter nanomechanical properties, but loading did. Lacunar geometry was largely unchanged with raloxifene and loading. However, osteocyte apoptosis was increased with loading in raloxifene treated female mice. Overall, combination treatment with raloxifene and loading resulted in positive but subtle changes to bone quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America.
| | - Dyann Segvich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Corinne Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu N, Jiang J, Liu T, Chen H, Jiang N. Compositional, Structural, and Biomechanical Properties of Three Different Soft Tissue-Hard Tissue Insertions: A Comparative Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2659-2679. [PMID: 38697939 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Connective tissue attaches to bone across an insertion with spatial gradients in components, microstructure, and biomechanics. Due to regional stress concentrations between two mechanically dissimilar materials, the insertion is vulnerable to mechanical damage during joint movements and difficult to repair completely, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Despite interface stress concentrations, the native insertion physiologically functions as the effective load-transfer device between soft tissue and bone. This review summarizes tendon, ligament, and meniscus insertions cross-sectionally, which is novel in this field. Herein, the similarities and differences between the three kinds of insertions in terms of components, microstructure, and biomechanics are compared in great detail. This review begins with describing the basic components existing in the four zones (original soft tissue, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone) of each kind of insertion, respectively. It then discusses the microstructure constructed from collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), minerals and others, which provides key support for the biomechanical properties and affects its physiological functions. Finally, the review continues by describing variations in mechanical properties at the millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale, which minimize stress concentrations and control stretch at the insertion. In summary, investigating the contrasts between the three has enlightening significance for future directions of repair strategies of insertion diseases and for bioinspired approaches to effective soft-hard interfaces and other tough and robust materials in medicine and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Jialing Jiang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Haozhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, & West China Hospital of Stomatology and the Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng J, Qian Y, Yang J, Chen X, Fu C, Che Z, Feng Y, Yin J. Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28229. [PMID: 38689978 PMCID: PMC11059410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, osteoporosis-related fractures become the most cutting-edge problem of diabetes-related complications. Rational diet is not only the basis of glycemic management in type 2 diabetes patients, but also the direction of diabetic bone health. This review highlights the importance of micronutrient supplementation (including calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C) for patients with T2DM, as well as describing the constructive intermediary role of gut flora between T2DM and bone through nutrients predominantly high in dietary fiber. In addition, it is recommended to combine the Mediterranean dietary pattern with other diversified management approaches to prevent OP. Therefore, this provides a theoretical basis for the potential role of islet β-cells in promoting bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jizhuo Yang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinqiang Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuanwen Fu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhuohang Che
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, 678000, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratary of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming, 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ben Ghedalia Peled N, Hoffman DK, Barsky L, Zer NS, Amar K, Rapaport H, Gheber LA, Zhang XHF, Vago R. Bone Endosteal Mimics Regulates Breast Cancer Development and Phenotype. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2338-2347. [PMID: 38499995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site for metastatic development in various cancer types, including breast cancer, with a grim prognosis due to the distinct bone environment. Despite considerable advances, our understanding of the underlying processes leading to bone metastasis progression remains elusive. Here, we applied a bioactive three-dimensional (3D) model capable of mimicking the endosteal bone microenvironment. MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells were cultured on the scaffolds, and their behaviors and the effects of the biomaterial on the cells were examined over time. We demonstrated that close interactions between the cells and the biomaterial affect their proliferation rates and the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D, and KI67, leading to cell cycle arrest. Moreover, invasion assays revealed increased invasiveness within this microenvironment. Our findings suggest a dual role for endosteal mimicking signals, influencing cell fate and potentially acting as a double-edged sword, shuttling between cell cycle arrest and more active, aggressive states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ben Ghedalia Peled
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dane K Hoffman
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program (CCB), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Livnat Barsky
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Noy S Zer
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Katya Amar
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology (IKI), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Levi A Gheber
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Razi Vago
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schurman CA, Kaya S, Dole N, Luna NMM, Castillo N, Potter R, Rose JP, Bons J, King CD, Burton JB, Schilling B, Melov S, Tang S, Schaible E, Alliston T. Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality. Bone Res 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38409111 PMCID: PMC10897167 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly individuals. The molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality, independent of bone mass, are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by osteocytes. We hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), which maintains bone material properties. We examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβ signaling (TβRIIocy-/-) that suppresses PLR. The control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβ signaling and PLR, but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRIIocy-/- bone. This relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical tests. The effects of age on bone mass, density, and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ. We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Neha Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nadja M Maldonado Luna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ryan Potter
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jacob P Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Jordan B Burton
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Simon Tang
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surowiec RK, Does MD, Nyman JS. In Vivo Assessment of Bone Quality Without X-rays. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:56-68. [PMID: 38227178 PMCID: PMC11050740 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in the assessment of bone quality using non-X-ray techniques. RECENT FINDINGS Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) provides multiple measurements of bone characteristics based on the propagation of sound through bone, the attenuation of that sound, and different processing techniques. QUS parameters and model predictions based on backscattered signals can discriminate non-fracture from fracture cases with accuracy comparable to standard bone mineral density (BMD). With advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bound water and pore water, or a porosity index, can be quantified in several long bones in vivo. Since such imaging-derived measurements correlate with the fracture resistance of bone, they potentially provide new BMD-independent predictors of fracture risk. While numerous measurements of mineral, organic matrix, and bound water by Raman spectroscopy correlate with the strength and toughness of cortical bone, the clinical assessment of person's bone quality using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) requires advanced spectral processing techniques that minimize contaminating signals from fat, skin, and blood. Limiting exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, QUS, MRI, and SORS has the potential to improve the assessment of fracture risk and track changes of new therapies that target bone matrix and micro-structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Cyphert EL, Stephen SJ, Wang B, Morales AL, Nixon JC, Natsoulas NR, Garcia M, Blazquez Carmona P, Vill AC, Donnelly EL, Brito IL, Vashishth D, Hernandez CJ. Microbiome-induced Increases and Decreases in Bone Tissue Strength can be Initiated After Skeletal Maturity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.03.574074. [PMID: 38260539 PMCID: PMC10802367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin). Male and female mice (n=143 total, n=12-17/group/sex) were allocated into five study groups:1) Unaltered, 2) Continuous (dosing 4-24 weeks of age), 3) Delayed (dosing only 16-24 weeks of age), 4) Initial (dosing 4-16 weeks of age, suspended at 16 weeks), and 5) Reconstituted (dosing from 4-16 weeks following by fecal microbiota transplant from Unaltered donors). Animals were euthanized at 24 weeks of age. In males, bone matrix strength in the femur was 25-35% less than expected from geometry in mice from the Continuous (p= 0.001), Delayed (p= 0.005), and Initial (p=0.040) groups as compared to Unaltered. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota, however, led to a bone matrix strength similar to Unaltered animals (p=0.929). In females, microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix strength followed the same trend as males but were not significantly different, demonstrating sex-related differences in the response of bone matrix to the gut microbiota. Minor differences in chemical composition of bone matrix were observed (Raman spectroscopy). Our findings indicate that microbiome-induced impairment of bone matrix in males can be initiated and/or reversed after skeletal maturity. The portion of the femoral cortical bone formed after skeletal maturity (16 weeks) is small; however, this suggests that microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix occur without osteoblast/osteoclast turnover using an, as of yet unidentified mechanism. These findings add to evidence that the mechanical properties of bone matrix can be altered in the adult skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Cyphert
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S J Stephen
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - B Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A L Morales
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J C Nixon
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
| | - N R Natsoulas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - A C Vill
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Donnelly
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - I L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Vashishth
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C J Hernandez
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kochetkova T, Hanke MS, Indermaur M, Groetsch A, Remund S, Neuenschwander B, Michler J, Siebenrock KA, Zysset P, Schwiedrzik J. Composition and micromechanical properties of the femoral neck compact bone in relation to patient age, sex and hip fracture occurrence. Bone 2023; 177:116920. [PMID: 37769956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical methods of bone health assessment depend to a great extent on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. However, these methods only act as a proxy for bone strength and are often only carried out after the fracture occurs. Besides BMD, composition and tissue-level mechanical properties are expected to affect the whole bone's strength and toughness. While the elastic properties of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively investigated over the past two decades, there is still limited knowledge of the yield properties and their relationship to composition and architecture. In the present study, morphological, compositional and micropillar compression bone data was collected from patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Femoral neck samples from 42 patients were collected together with anonymous clinical information about age, sex and primary diagnosis (coxarthrosis or hip fracture). The femoral neck cortex from the inferomedial region was analyzed in a site-matched manner using a combination of micromechanical testing (nanoindentation, micropillar compression) together with micro-CT and quantitative polarized Raman spectroscopy for both morphological and compositional characterization. Mechanical properties, as well as the sample-level mineral density, were constant over age. Only compositional properties demonstrate weak dependence on patient age: decreasing mineral to matrix ratio (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.13, 2.6 % per decade) and increasing amide I sub-peak ratio I∼1660/I∼1683 (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.11, 1.5 % per decade). The patient's sex and diagnosis did not seem to influence investigated bone properties. A clear zonal dependence between interstitial and osteonal cortical zones was observed for compositional and elastic bone properties (p < 0.0001). Site-matched microscale analysis confirmed that all investigated mechanical properties except yield strain demonstrate a positive correlation with the mineral fraction of bone. The output database is the first to integrate the experimentally assessed microscale yield properties, local tissue composition and morphology with the available patient clinical information. The final dataset was used for bone fracture risk prediction in-silico through the principal component analysis and the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. The analysis showed that the mineral to matrix ratio, indentation hardness and micropillar yield stress are the most relevant parameters for bone fracture risk prediction at 70 % model accuracy (0.71 AUC). Due to the low number of samples, further studies to build a universal fracture prediction algorithm are anticipated with the higher number of patients (N > 200). The proposed classification algorithm together with the output dataset of bone tissue properties can be used for the future comparison of existing methods to evaluate bone quality as well as to form a better understanding of the mechanisms through which bone tissue is affected by aging or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kochetkova
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Indermaur
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Remund
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Neuenschwander
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed R, Unal M, Gautam R, Uppuganti S, Derasari S, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Nyman JS. Sensitivity of the amide I band to matrix manipulation in bone: a Raman micro-spectroscopy and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy study. Analyst 2023; 148:4799-4809. [PMID: 37602820 PMCID: PMC10528211 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The fracture resistance of bone arises from the hierarchical arrangement of minerals, collagen fibrils (i.e., cross-linked triple helices of α1 and α2 collagen I chains), non-collagenous proteins, and water. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is not only sensitive to the relative fractions of these constituents, but also to the secondary structure of bone proteins. To assess the ability of RS to detect differences in the protein structure, we quantified the effect of sequentially autoclaving (AC) human cortical bone at 100 °C (∼34.47 kPa) and then at 120 °C (∼117.21 kPa) on the amide I band using a commercial Raman micro-spectroscopy (μRS) instrument and custom spatially offset RS (SORS) instrument in which rings of collection fiber optics are offset from the central excitation fiber optics within a hand-held, cylindrical probe. Being clinically viable, measurements by SORS involved collecting Raman spectra of cadaveric femur mid-shafts (5 male & 5 female donors) through layers of a tissue mimic. Otherwise, μRS and SORS measurements were acquired directly from each bone. AC-related changes in the helical status of collagen I were assessed using amide I sub-peak ratios (intensity, I, at ∼1670 cm-1 relative to intensities at ∼1610 cm-1 and ∼1640 cm-1). The autoclaving manipulation significantly decreased the selected amide I sub-peak ratios as well as shifted peaks at ∼1605 cm-1 (μRS), ∼1636 cm-1 (SORS) and ∼1667 cm-1 in both μRS and SORS. Compared to μRS, SORS detected more significant differences in the amide I sub-peak ratios when the fiber optic probe was directly applied to bone. SORS also detected AC-related decreases in I1670/I1610 and I1670/I1640 when spectra were acquired through layers of the tissue mimic with a thickness ≤2 mm by the 7 mm offset ring, but not with the 5 mm or 6 mm offset ring. Overall, the SORS instrument was more sensitive than the conventional μRS instrument to pressure- and temperature-related changes in the organic matrix that affect the fracture resistance of bone, but SORS analysis of the amide I band is limited to an overlying thickness layer of 2 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye 70200.
| | - Rekha Gautam
- Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, 410 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shrey Derasari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, 410 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, 410 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stavri R, Tay T, Wiles CC, Di Federico E, Boughton O, Ma S, Karunaratne A, Churchwell JH, Bhattacharya R, Terrill NJ, Cobb JP, Hansen U, Abel RL. A Cross-Sectional Study of Bone Nanomechanics in Hip Fracture and Aging. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1378. [PMID: 37374160 DOI: 10.3390/life13061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mechanics is well understood at every length scale except the nano-level. We aimed to investigate the relationship between bone nanoscale and tissue-level mechanics experimentally. We tested two hypotheses: (1) nanoscale strains were lower in hip fracture patients versus controls, and (2) nanoscale mineral and fibril strains were inversely correlated with aging and fracture. A cross-sectional sample of trabecular bone sections was prepared from the proximal femora of two human donor groups (aged 44-94 years): an aging non-fracture control group (n = 17) and a hip-fracture group (n = 20). Tissue, fibril, and mineral strain were measured simultaneously using synchrotron X-ray diffraction during tensile load to failure, then compared between groups using unpaired t-tests and correlated with age using Pearson's correlation. Controls exhibited significantly greater peak tissue, mineral, and fibril strains than the hip fracture (all p < 0.05). Age was associated with a decrease in peak tissue (p = 0.099) and mineral (p = 0.004) strain, but not fibril strain (p = 0.260). Overall, hip fracture and aging were associated with changes in the nanoscale strain that are reflected at the tissue level. Data must be interpreted within the limitations of the observational cross-sectional study design, so we propose two new hypotheses on the importance of nanomechanics. (1) Hip fracture risk is increased by low tissue strain, which can be caused by low collagen or mineral strain. (2) Age-related loss of tissue strain is dependent on the loss of mineral but not fibril strain. Novel insights into bone nano- and tissue-level mechanics could provide a platform for the development of bone health diagnostics and interventions based on failure mechanisms from the nanoscale up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stavri
- MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8PR, UK
| | - Tabitha Tay
- MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8PR, UK
| | - Crispin C Wiles
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Erica Di Federico
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Oliver Boughton
- MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8PR, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shaocheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Angelo Karunaratne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - John H Churchwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WCIE 6BT, UK
| | - Rajarshi Bhattacharya
- St. Mary's Hospital, Northwest London Major Trauma Centre, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Justin P Cobb
- MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8PR, UK
| | - Ulrich Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard L Abel
- MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8PR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pendyala M, Stephen SJ, Vashishth D, Blaber EA, Chan DD. Loss of hyaluronan synthases impacts bone morphology, quality, and mechanical properties. Bone 2023; 172:116779. [PMID: 37100359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized by three isoenzymes (Has1, Has2, Has3), is known to play a role in regulating bone turnover, remodeling, and mineralization, which in turn can affect bone quality and strength. The goal of this study is to characterize how the loss of Has1 or Has3 affects the morphology, matrix properties, and overall strength of murine bone. Femora were isolated from Has1-/-,Has3-/-, and wildtype (WT) C57Bl/6 J female mice and were analyzed using microcomputed-tomography, confocal Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and nanoindentation. Of the three genotypes tested, Has1-/- bones demonstrated significantly lower cross-sectional area (p = 0.0002), reduced hardness (p = 0.033), and lower mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001). Has3-/- bones had significantly higher stiffness (p < 0.0001) and higher mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001) but lower strength (p = 0.0014) and bone mineral density (p < 0.0001) than WT. Interestingly, loss of Has3 was also associated with significantly lower accumulation of advanced glycation end-products than WT (p = 0.0478). Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, the impact of the loss of hyaluronan synthase isoforms on cortical bone structure, content, and biomechanics. Loss of Has1 impacted morphology, mineralization, and micron-level hardness, while loss of Has3 reduced bone mineral density and affected organic matrix composition, impacting whole bone mechanics. This is the first study to characterize the effect of loss of hyaluronan synthases on bone quality, suggesting an essential role hyaluronan plays during the development and regulation of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Pendyala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Stephen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science at NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States of America
| | - Deva D Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fatica M, D’Antonio A, Novelli L, Triggianese P, Conigliaro P, Greco E, Bergamini A, Perricone C, Chimenti MS. How Has Molecular Biology Enhanced Our Undertaking of axSpA and Its Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:12-33. [PMID: 36308677 PMCID: PMC9825525 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims at investigating pathophysiological mechanisms in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Analysis of genetic factors, immunological pathways, and abnormalities of bone metabolism lay the foundations for a better understanding of development of the axial clinical manifestations in patients, allowing physician to choose the most appropriate therapeutic strategy in a more targeted manner. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the contribution of MHC system, findings emerged about the role of non-HLA genes (as ERAP1 and 2, whose inhibition could represent a new therapeutic approach) and of epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in SpA pathogenesis. Increasing evidence of bone metabolism abnormalities secondary to the activation of immunological pathways suggests the development of various bone anomalies that are present in axSpA patients. SpA are a group of inflammatory diseases with a multifactorial origin, whose pathogenesis is linked to the genetic predisposition, the action of environmental risk factors, and the activation of immune response. It is now well known how bone metabolism leads to long-term structural damage via increased bone turnover, bone loss and osteoporosis, osteitis, erosions, osteosclerosis, and osteoproliferation. These effects can exist in the same patient over time or even simultaneously. Evidence suggests a cross relationship among innate immunity, autoimmunity, and bone remodeling in SpA, making treatment approach a challenge for rheumatologists. Specifically, treatment targets are consistently increasing as new drugs are upcoming. Both biological and targeted synthetic drugs are promising in terms of their efficacy and safety profile in patients affected by SpA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fatica
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna D’Antonio
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Novelli
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Greco
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bergamini
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Souza TV, Pastena Giorno L, Malmonge SM, Santos AR. Bioprinting: From Technique to Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:934-951. [PMID: 36017861 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666220822152448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the different approaches present in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the one that has attracted the most interest in recent years is the possibility of printing functional biological tissues. Bioprinting is a technique that has been applied to create cellularized three-dimensional structures that mimic biological tissues and thus allow their replacement. Hydrogels are interesting materials for this type of technique. Hydrogels based on natural polymers are known due to their biocompatible properties, in addition to being attractive biomaterials for cell encapsulation. They provide a threedimensional aqueous environment with biologically relevant chemical and physical signals, mimicking the natural environment of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bioinks are ink formulations that allow the printing of living cells. The controlled deposition of biomaterials by bioinks needs to maintain cell viability and offer specific biochemical and physical stimuli capable of guiding cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this work, we analyze the theoretical and practical issues of bioprinting, citing currently used methods, their advantages, and limitations. We present some important molecules that have been used to compose bioinks, as well as the cellular responses that have been observed in different tissues. Finally, we indicate future perspectives of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Vieira de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pastena Giorno
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Malmonge
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo R Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Entz L, Falgayrac G, Chauveau C, Pasquier G, Lucas S. The extracellular matrix of human bone marrow adipocytes and glucose concentration differentially alter mineralization quality without impairing osteoblastogenesis. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101622. [PMID: 36187598 PMCID: PMC9519944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accrue in various states of osteoporosis and interfere with bone remodeling through the secretion of various factors. However, involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by BMAds in the impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) osteoblastogenesis has received little attention. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), skeletal fragility is associated with several changes in bone quality that are incompletely understood, and BMAd quantity increases in relationship to poor glycemic control. Considering their altered phenotype in this pathophysiological context, we aimed to determine the contribution of the ECM of mature BMAds to osteoblastogenesis and mineralization quality in the context of chronic hyperglycemia. Human BM-MSCs were differentiated for 21 days in adipogenic medium containing either a normoglycemic (LG, 5.5 mM) or a high glucose concentration (HG, 25 mM). The ECM laid down by BMAds were devitalized through cell removal to examine their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSCs toward osteoblastogenesis in LG and HG conditions. Compared to control plates, both adipocyte ECMs promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. As shown by the unmodified RUNX2 and osteocalcin mRNA levels, BM-MSC commitment in osteoblastogenesis was hampered by neither the hyperglycemic condition nor the adipocyte matrices. However, adipocyte ECMs or HG condition altered the mineralization phase with perturbed expression levels of type 1 collagen, MGP and osteopontin. Despite higher ALP activity, mineralization levels per cell were decreased for osteoblasts grown on adipocyte ECMs compared to controls. Raman spectrometry revealed that culturing on adipocyte matrices specifically prevents type-B carbonate substitution and favors collagen crosslinking, in contrast to exposure to HG concentration alone. Moreover, the mineral to organic ratio was disrupted according to the presence of adipocyte ECM and the glucose concentration used for adipocyte or osteoblast culture. HG concentration and adipocyte ECM lead to different defects in mineralization quality, recapitulating contradictory changes reported in T2D osteoporosis. Our study shows that ECMs from BMAds do not impair osteoblastogenesis but alter both the quantity and quality of mineralization partly in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. This finding sheds light on the involvement of BMAds, which should be considered in the compromised bone quality of T2D and osteoporosis patients more generally. Glucose level alters the Extracellular Matrix composition of Bone Marrow adipocytes. Osteoblastogenesis on adipocyte ECMs is unaltered but produced less mineral amount. The quality of the mineral is altered differently by adipocyte ECMs or glucose levels. The presence of BM adipocytes should be valued in damaged osteoporosis bone quality.
Collapse
Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- BM-MSC, Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell
- BMAd, Bone marrow adipocyte
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ECMBMAd HG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in HG concentration
- ECMBMAd LG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in LG concentration
- ECMBMAd, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HG, High glucose
- Hyperglycemia
- LG, Low glucose
- LGM, Low glucose and mannitol
- Marrow adipocytes
- Osteoblast
- Osteoporosis
- Skeletal mesenchymal stromal cells
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes
Collapse
|
15
|
Willett TL, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Causative or associative: A critical review of the role of advanced glycation end-products in bone fragility. Bone 2022; 163:116485. [PMID: 35798196 PMCID: PMC10062699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone with aging and chronic disease such as diabetes is thought to increase fracture risk independently of bone mass. However, to date, there has not been a clinical trial to determine whether inhibiting the accumulation of AGEs is effective in preventing low-energy, fragility fractures. Moreover, unlike with cardiovascular or kidney disease, there are also no pre-clinical studies demonstrating that AGE inhibitors or breakers can prevent the age- or diabetes-related decrease in the ability of bone to resist fracture. In this review, we critically examine the case for a long-standing hypothesis that AGE accumulation in bone tissue degrades the toughening mechanisms by which bone resists fracture. Prior research into the role of AGEs in bone has primarily measured pentosidine, an AGE crosslink, or bulk fluorescence of hydrolysates of bone. While significant correlations exist between these measurements and mechanical properties of bone, multiple AGEs are both non-fluorescent and non-crosslinking. Since clinical studies are equivocal on whether circulating pentosidine is an indicator of elevated fracture risk, there needs to be a more complete understanding of the different types of AGEs including non-crosslinking adducts and multiple non-enzymatic crosslinks in bone extracellular matrix and their specific contributions to hindering fracture resistance (biophysical and biological). By doing so, effective strategies to target AGE accumulation in bone with minimal side effects could be investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that aim to prevent fragility fractures in conditions that bone mass is not the underlying culprit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Willett
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miao S, Zhou J, Liu B, Lei X, Wang T, Hao X, Cheng P, Wu H, Song Y, Pei G, Bi L. A 3D bioprinted nano-laponite hydrogel construct promotes osteogenesis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100342. [PMID: 35847377 PMCID: PMC9278073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of nano-laponite as bioinks based on cell-loaded hydrogels has recently attracted significant attention for promoting bone defect repairs and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms of the positive function of laponite in hydrogel was not fully explored. In this study, the effect of 3D bioprinted nano-laponite hydrogel construct on bone regeneration and the potential mechanism was explored in vitro and in vivo. In vitro analyses showed that the 3D construct protected encapsulated cells from shear stresses during bioprinting, promoted cell growth and cell spreading, and BMSCs at a density of 107/mL exhibited an optimal osteogenesis potential. Osteogenic differentiation and ectopic bone formation of BMSCs encapsulated inside the 3D construct were explored by determination of calcium deposition and x-ray, micro-CT analysis, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of BMSCs inside the laponite hydrogel significantly upregulated expression of osteogenic related proteins. Expression of osteogenic proteins was significantly downregulated when the PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited. The 3D bioprinted nano-laponite hydrogel construct exhibited a superior ability for bone regeneration in rat bones with defects compared with groups without laponite as shown by micro-CT and histological examination, while the osteogenesis activity was weakened by applications of a PI3K inhibitor. In summary, the 3D bioprinted nano-laponite hydrogel construct promoted bone osteogenesis by promoting cell proliferation, differentiation through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li S, Qiu Y, Teng Z, Xu B, Tang H, Xiang H, Xu X, Chen J, Liu J, Wang B, Yuan H, Wu H. Research on biochemical indexes of bone metabolism in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study with newly diagnosed, drug-naïve patients. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:197-204. [PMID: 35500447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the metabolic abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder (BD) have attracted people's attention. However, clinical studies on bone metabolism in individuals with BD are unavailable. This study was designed to assess biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and related influencing factors. METHODS We measured bone turnover markers (BTMs), including procollagen Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide (PⅠNP), osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and index of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in 100 drug-naïve individuals with BD (DSM-5) and 91 healthy volunteers. Besides, sociodemographic and clinical assessment were collected. Between-group comparisons and within subgroup analysis were performed. RESULTS The PⅠNP (t = 3.715, p < 0.001), OC (t = 2.117, p = 0.036), parathyroid hormone (PTH, t = 3.877, p < 0.001), vitamin D (t = 2.065, p = 0.041), insulin (t = 4.208, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (t = 2.888, p = 0.004) levels in the drug-naive BD group was significantly higher than those in the healthy control (HC) group. The level of calcium (t = -2.124, p = 0.035) in the drug-naive BD group was significantly lower than that of the HC group. But OC and vitamin D loses statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. However, there was no significant difference in the CTX-I level between the two groups. There are gender differences in the level of BMTs in individuals with BD, but this phenomenon was not found in the HC subgroup. It is shown that diagnosed BD, gender, age and BMI may affect the PINP levels through multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION The biochemical indexes of bone metabolism in drug-naive individuals with BD were more active than that of the healthy controls in a sample from the Chinese Han nationality. The finding provides new evidence for our understanding of bone metabolism in individuals with BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Baoyan Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Dltrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bloise N, Waldorff EI, Montagna G, Bruni G, Fassina L, Fang S, Zhang N, Jiang J, Ryaby JT, Visai L. Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7070. [PMID: 35806083 PMCID: PMC9266831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick’s features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.
Collapse
|
19
|
Miazgowski T, Rył A, Szylińska A, Rotter I. The Impact of Major and Trace Elements in Serum and Bone on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Derived Hip Strength. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:674-684. [PMID: 35072733 PMCID: PMC9108102 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish associations between both serum levels and bone content of a wide range of elements (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Pb), with hip strength (HS) indices derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The study population consisted of a number of male patients aged 56-77 years following hip replacement due to osteoarthritis of the hip. Bone specimens were taken from the femoral head and neck during arthroplasty. The elemental analyses were carried out using coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The following DXA-HS parameters were assessed: buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA) and its moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus, and Femoral Strength Index (FSI). Age was positively correlated with Na, K, and Cu in the bone. Ca in the bone was positively associated with BR and negatively with SM and CSMI. Of all the DXA-HS parameters, the weakest associations of elements in the bone were found with FSI and the strongest with BR. Among the elements in the serum, the strongest negative associations were found for K, Cr, Mn, and Zn with CSA, while the majority of bone elements were associated either positively (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu) or negatively (Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cr) with BR. In conclusion, the interactions between individual elements in blood serum and bone with DXA-HS could not be unequivocally established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee DH, Reasoner K, Uppuganti S, Desai MJ, Nyman JS. Intraoperative use of impact microindentation to assess distal radius bone quality. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:064102. [PMID: 35778010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Impact microindentation is a new technique that measures the resistance of a patient's bone to micro-indentation but has not yet been implemented in an intraoperative setting. To assess the technique's safety and utility, we acquired microindentation measurements of bone material strength index (BMSi) using the OsteoProbe prior to distal radius fixation with a volar locking plate. Subsequently, the patients received a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure the areal bone mineral density of the proximal femur, lumbar spine, and contralateral distal radius. By assigning the patients to low-energy, fragility fracture (n = 17) and high-energy fracture (n = 11) groups based on clinical history, we investigated whether intraoperative BMSi was sensitive to osteoporosis. Impact microindentation added a maximum of 10 min of operative time and did not result in any intraoperative or postoperative complications. There were, however, no significant differences in BMSi at the radius between these two groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing intraoperative impact microindentation to directly assess a patient's bone quality, but additional research is necessary to establish whether intraoperative microindentation can identify patients with inferior bone matrix quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Lee
- Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center East, South Tower Suite 3200, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Reasoner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-3100 Medical Center North, 1161 21 Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center East, South Tower Suite 3200, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Mihir J Desai
- Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center East, South Tower Suite 3200, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center East, South Tower Suite 3200, 1215 21 Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Basanth A, Mayilswamy N, Kandasubramanian B. Bone regeneration by biodegradable polymers. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abina Basanth
- Biopolymer Science, Cipet: Ipt, Hil Colony, Kochi, India
| | - Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy
- Department Of Metallurgical And Materials Engineering, Diat(D.U.), Ministry Of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qin L, He T, Yang D, Wang Y, Li Z, Yan Q, Zhang P, Chen Z, Lin S, Gao H, Yao Q, Xu Z, Tang B, Yi W, Xiao G. Osteocyte β1 integrin loss causes low bone mass and impairs bone mechanotransduction in mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 34:60-72. [PMID: 35615639 PMCID: PMC9119859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The key focal adhesion protein β1 integrin plays an essential role in early skeletal development. However, roles of β1 integrin expression in osteocytes during the regulation of bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction are incompletely understood. Materials and methods To study the in vivo function of osteocyte β1 integrin in bone, we utilized the 10-kb Dmp1 (Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1)-Cre to generate mice with β1 integrin deletion in this cell type. Micro-computerized tomography, bone histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the effects of osteocyte β1 integrin loss on bone mass accrual and biomechanical properties. In vivo tibial loading model was applied to study the possible involvement of osteocyte β1 integrin in bone mechanotransduction. Results Loss of β1 integrin expression in osteocytes resulted in a severe low bone mass and impaired biomechanical properties in load-bearing long bones and spines, but not in non-weight-bearing calvariae, in mice. The loss of β1 integrin led to enlarged size of lacunar-canalicular system, abnormal cell morphology, and disorientated nuclei in osteocytes. Furthermore, β1 integrin loss caused shortening and disorientated collagen I fibers in long bones. Osteocyte β1 integrin loss did not impact the osteoclast activities, but significantly reduced the osteoblast bone formation rate and, in the meantime, enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of the bone marrow stromal cells in the bone microenvironment. In addition, tibial loading failed to accelerate the anabolic bone formation and improve collagen I fiber integrity in mutant mice. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate an essential role of osteocyte β1 integrin in regulating bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction. The transnational potential of this article: This study reveals the regulatory roles of osteocyte β1 integrin in vivo for the maintenance of bone mass accrual, biomechanical properties, extracellular matrix integrity as well as bone mechanobiology, which defines β1 integrin a potential therapeutic target for skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bose S, Li S, Mele E, Silberschmidt VV. Exploring the Mechanical Properties and Performance of Type-I Collagen at Various Length Scales: A Progress Report. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15082753. [PMID: 35454443 PMCID: PMC9025246 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the basic protein of animal tissues and has a complex hierarchical structure. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical and structural stability of biological tissues. Over the years, it has become a material of interest in the biomedical industries thanks to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and low antigenicity. Despite its significance, the mechanical properties and performance of pure collagen have been never reviewed. In this work, the emphasis is on the mechanics of collagen at different hierarchical levels and its long-term mechanical performance. In addition, the effect of hydration, important for various applications, was considered throughout the study because of its dramatic influence on the mechanics of collagen. Furthermore, the discrepancies in reports of the mechanical properties of collagenous tissues (basically composed of 20-30% collagen fibres) and those of pure collagen are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Bose
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simin Li
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vadim V. Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Biocompatible Materials and Devices, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shanas N, Querido W, Oswald J, Jepsen K, Carter E, Raggio C, Pleshko N. Infrared Spectroscopy-Determined Bone Compositional Changes Associated with Anti-Resorptive Treatment of the oim/oim Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:416-427. [PMID: 34643134 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211055477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Applications of vibrational spectroscopy to assess bone disease and therapeutic interventions are continually advancing, with tissue mineral and protein composition frequently investigated. Here, we used two spectroscopic approaches for determining bone composition in a mouse model (oim) of the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with and without antiresorptive agent treatment (alendronate, or ALN, and RANK-Fc). Near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis using a fiber optic probe and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) mode were applied to investigate bone composition, including water, mineral, and protein content. Spectral parameters revealed differences among the control wildtype (WT) and OIM groups. NIR spectral analysis of protein and water showed that OIM mouse humerii had ∼50% lower protein and ∼50% higher overall water content compared to WT bone. Moreover, some OIM-treated groups showed a reduction in bone water compared to OIM controls, approximating values observed in WT bone. Differences in bone quality based on increased mineral content and reduced carbonate content were also found between some groups of treated OIM and WT bone, but crystallinity did not differ among all groups. The spectroscopically determined parameters were evaluated for correlations with gold-standard mechanical testing values to gain insight into how composition influenced bone strength. As expected, bone mechanical strength parameters were consistently up to threefold greater in WT mice compared to OIM groups, except for stiffness in the ALN-treated OIM groups. Furthermore, bone stiffness, maximum load, and post-yield displacement showed the strongest correlations with NIR-determined protein content (positive correlations) and bound-water content (negative correlations). These results demonstrate that in this study, NIR spectral parameters were more sensitive to bone composition differences than ATR parameters, highlighting the potential of this nondestructive approach for screening of bone diseases and therapeutic efficacy in pre-clinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- No'ad Shanas
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack Oswald
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Carter
- Kathryn O. and Alan C. Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, 25062Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cathleen Raggio
- Kathryn O. and Alan C. Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, 25062Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez J, Saucedo-Bueno L, Lilia García-Hernández A, Martínez-Dávalos A, Rodríguez-López C, Elisa Drago-Serrano M, Godínez-Victoria M. Moderate aerobic exercise on bone quality changes associated with aging and oxidative stress in balb/c mice. J Biomech 2022; 135:111035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Wi S, Dwivedi N, Dubey R, Mentink-Vigier F, Sinha N. Dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced, double-quantum filtered 13C- 13C dipolar correlation spectroscopy of natural 13C abundant bone-tissue biomaterial. J Magn Reson 2022; 335:107144. [PMID: 35085899 PMCID: PMC8823282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a method for obtaining a dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced double-quantum filtered (DQF) two-dimensional (2D) dipolar 13C-13C correlation spectra of bone-tissue material at natural 13C abundance. DNP-enhanced DQF 2D dipolar 13C-13C spectra were obtained using a few different mixing times of the dipolar-assisted rotational resonance (DARR) scheme and these spectra were compared to a conventional 2D through-space double-quantum (DQ)-single-quantum (SQ) correlation spectrum. While this scheme can only be used for an assignment purpose to reveal the carbon-carbon connectivity within a residue, the DQF 13C-13C dipolar correlation scheme introduced here can be used to obtain longer distance carbon-carbon constraints. A DQF pulse block is placed before the DARR mixing scheme for removing dominant 13C single-quantum (SQ) signals because these SQ 13C signals are overwhelmingly large compared to those 13C-13C dipolar cross-peaks generated and therefore saturate the dynamic range of the NMR detection. This approach exhibits strong enough 2D cross-peaks in a dipolar 13C-13C correlation spectrum and potentially provides pairwise 13C-13C dipolar constraints because the dipolar truncation effect as well as multi-step signal propagations involving a spin cluster that contains more than two spins can be ignored probabilistically. To obtain fast signal averaging, AsymPolPOK was used to provide a short 1H DNP signal build-up time (1.3 s) and to expedite our MAS DNP NMR acquisitions while still maintaining a satisfactory DNP enhancement factor (ε = 50). Under long DARR mixing, a t1-noise-like artifact was observed at a site that possesses a large chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and a few different strategies to address this problem were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungsool Wi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
| | - Navneet Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India; Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Richa Dubey
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu H, Liu Y, Li Y, Luo W, Liu Z, Jian Y. Therapeutic Mechanism of Chinese Medicine on the Healing of Early and Middle Fractures in Rabbits Under the Expression Level of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) in Bone Tissue. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Chinese medicine on the healing of rabbits early and middle fractures, a rabbit fracture model was established in this study. The study was divided into several groups, i.e., treatment group (TG) (fed with Chinese medicine Capsule) and
control group (CG) (fed with normal saline (NS)). The materials were collected at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the start of the experiment for analysis. The experiment content included: callus Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE staining); Bone Morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein level detection;
Type I and type II bone collagen (BC) detection; and serum biochemical factors detection. The experimental results showed that the formation of callus in the TG was better than in the CG; the BMP-2 protein expression level in the TG was higher than in the CG, and there were statistically significant
differences (SSDs); the type I and type II BC levels in the TG were higher than the CG, there were SSDs; the levels of serum calcium (SC), phosphorus ion (PI), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the TG were also higher than in the CG, and there were SSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hegui Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuxiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenbing Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuekui Jian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bochud N, Laugier P. Axial Transmission: Techniques, Devices and Clinical Results. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2022; 1364:55-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Tice MJ, Bailey S, Sroga GE, Gallagher EJ, Vashishth D. Non‐Obese
MKR
Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Reveals Skeletal Alterations in Mineralization and Material Properties. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10583. [PMID: 35229063 PMCID: PMC8861985 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, increased risk of fragility fractures in T2D is often confounded by the effects of obesity. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanistic basis by which T2D alone leads to skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that obesity independent T2D would deteriorate bone's material quality by accumulating defects in the mineral matrix and undesired modifications in its organic matrix associated with increased oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. To test this hypothesis, we used 15‐week‐old male non‐obese mice with engineered muscle creatine kinase promoter/human dominant negative insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) receptor (MKR) and FVB/N wild‐type (WT) controls (n = 12/group). MKR mice exhibit reduced insulin production and loss of glycemic control leading to diabetic hyperglycemia, verified by fasting blood glucose measurements (>250 mg/dL), without an increase in body weight. MKR mice showed a significant decrease in femoral radial geometry (cortical area, moment of inertia, cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and periosteal diameter). Bone mineral density (BMD), as assessed by micro–computed tomography (μCT), remained unchanged; however, the quality of bone mineral was altered. In contrast to controls, MKR mice had significantly increased hydroxyapatite crystal thickness, measured by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and elongated c‐axis length of the crystals evaluated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. There was an increase in changes in the organic matrix of MKR mice, associated with enhanced glycoxidation (carboxymethyl‐lysine [CML] and pentosidine) and overall glycation (fluorescent advanced glycation end products), both of which were associated with various measures of bone fragility. Moreover, increased CML formation positively correlated with elongated mineral crystal length, supporting the role of this negatively charged side chain to attract calcium ions, promote growth of hydroxyapatite, and build a physical link between mineral and collagen. Collectively, our results show, for the first time, changes in bone matrix in a non‐obese T2D model in which skeletal fragility is attributable to alterations in the mineral quality and undesired organic matrix modifications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J.L. Tice
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Emily J. Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang J, Guo F, Chen G, Sun J, Tang Q, Chen L. Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Inflammatory Factors of Bone Matrix Remodeling. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:4307961. [PMID: 34777503 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4307961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) contains organic and mineral constituents. The establishment and degradation processes of ECM connect with spatial and temporal patterns, especially circadian rhythms in ECM. These patterns are responsible for the physical and biological characteristics of bone. The disturbances of the patterns disrupt bone matrix remodeling and cause diverse bone diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and bone fracture. In addition, the main regulatory factors and inflammatory factors also follow circadian rhythms. Studies show that the circadian oscillations of these factors in bone ECM potentially influence the interactions between immune responses and bone formation. More importantly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the specific microenvironments provide the regenerative potential for tissue remodeling. In this review, we summarize the advanced ECM spatial characteristics and the periodic patterns of bone ECM. Importantly, we focus on the intrinsic connections between the immunoinflammatory system and bone formation according to circadian rhythms of regulatory factors in bone ECM. And our research group emphasizes the multipotency of MSCs with their microenvironments. The advanced understandings of bone ECM formation patterns and MSCs contribute to providing optimal prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Matheus HR, Ervolino E, Gusman DJR, Alves BES, Fiorin LG, Pereira PA, de Almeida JM. Association of hyaluronic acid with a deproteinized bovine graft improves bone repair and increases bone formation in critical-size bone defects. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1646-1658. [PMID: 33258112 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to evaluate the potential of different formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA) to improve new bone formation in critical-size calvaria defect (CSD) when combined with a deproteinized bovine graft (DBG) material. METHODS Thirty male rats were used. A 5-mm-diameter CSD was created and three experimental groups (n = 10) were randomly assigned based on the treatments performed. Group DBG: CSD filled with a DBG; group DBG/LV: CSD filled by the combination of DBG and HA in a low-viscosity crosslinking agent; group DBG/HV: CSD filled by the combination of DBG and HA in a high-viscosity crosslinking agent. Animals were euthanized 30 days postoperatively. Histological, histometric (percentage of newly formed bone [PNFB], percentage of remaining graft particles, histochemical, and immunohistochemical (bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 [BMP2/4], osteocalcin [OCN], and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) analyses were performed. RESULTS The highest PNFB was observed in DBG/HV when compared with the other groups (P ≤0.05). DBG/LV and DBG/HV presented almost no inflammatory cells. In contrast, inflammation was observed in group DBG. Extensive resorption of graft particles was observed in group DBG, which was not present in DBG/LV and DBG/HV as confirmed by the larger size of the particles (P ≤0.05). BMP2/4 and OCN immunolabeling were higher in DBG/HV when compared with group DBG (P ≤0.05). Increased number of TRAP-positive cells was observed in DBG/LV and DBG/HV (P ≤0.05). Lower percentage of mature collagen fibers was observed in DBG/HV (P ≤0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of HA in a high-viscosity crosslinking agent with DBG improves the bone repair process and increases the amount of newly formed bone towards CSDs in rat calvaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique R Matheus
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Jonathan Rodrigues Gusman
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Edson Sendão Alves
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Fiorin
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Aparecida Pereira
- Private practice. Director of the Pro-clinic Nucleus of Orofacial Harmonization, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Uniyal P, Sihota P, Kumar N. Effect of organic matrix alteration on strain rate dependent mechanical behaviour of cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104910. [PMID: 34700105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The organic matrix phase of bone plays important role in its mechanical performance, especially in the post-yield regime. Also, the organic phase influences loading rate-dependent behaviour of bone which is relevant during the high-speed loading events. Many diseases, as well as aging, affect the matrix phase of bone which causes compromised mechanical properties. Improved understanding of alterations in the organic matrix phase on mechanical response of bone will be helpful in the mitigation of fractures associated with inferior matrix quality. In the present work, effect of alteration in organic matrix of cortical bone on its strain-rate dependent behaviour was investigated. To produce different amounts of collagen denaturation, bovine cortical bones were heated at the temperature of 180 °C and 240 °C. Further, compression testing was performed at quasi-static strain rates of 10-4 s-1 to 10-2 s-1 using a conventional testing machine whereas a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used for high strain rate (∼103) testing. Thermal treatment-induced changes in the mineral and organic phases of bone were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) techniques respectively. Compression test results show that thermal treatment of bone up to 180 °C did not affect mechanical properties significantly whereas treating at 240 °C significantly reduced elastic modulus, failure stress and failure strain. Also, thermal denaturation of collagen reduced the strain rate sensitivity of cortical bone at high strain rates. Similar to the compression test observations, nanoindentation results show a significant reduction in elastic modulus and hardness of denatured samples. Further, FTIR results revealed that with the heat treatment of bone, collagen structure undergoes conformational changes at the molecular level. The initial helix structure breakdowns into unordered/random coil structures which subsequently reduced the mechanical competence of bone. The present study provides insight into the effect of organic matrix modification on mechanical behaviour of cortical bone which could be helpful in understanding bone disorders associated with organic matrix phase and development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Uniyal
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Praveer Sihota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Greene B, Russo RJ, Dwyer S, Malley K, Roberts E, Serrielo J, Piepenhagen P, Cummings S, Ryan S, Zarazinski C, Uppuganti S, Bukanov N, Nyman JS, Cox MK, Liu S, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Sabbagh Y. Inhibition of TGF-β Increases Bone Volume and Strength in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10530. [PMID: 34532615 PMCID: PMC8441395 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), is a genetic disorder of bone fragility caused by mutations in collagen I or proteins involved in collagen processing. Previous studies in mice and human OI bones have shown that excessive activation of TGF-β signaling plays an important role in dominant and recessive OI disease progression. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling with a murine pan-specific TGF-β neutralizing antibody (1D11) was shown to significantly increase trabecular bone volume and long bone strength in mouse models of OI. To investigate the frequency of dosing and dose options of TGF-β neutralizing antibody therapy, we assessed the effect of 1D11 on disease progression in a dominant OI mouse model (col1a2 gene mutation at G610C). In comparison with OI mice treated with a control antibody, we attempted to define mechanistic effects of 1D11 measured via μCT, biomechanical, dynamic histomorphometry, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover. In addition, osteoblast and osteoclast numbers in histological bone sections were assessed to better understand the mechanism of action of the 1D11 antibody in OI. Here we show that 1D11 treatment resulted in both dose and frequency dependency, increases in trabecular bone volume fraction and ultimate force in lumbar bone, and ultimate force, bending strength, yield force, and yield strength in the femur (p ≤ 0.05). Suppression of serum biomarkers of osteoblast differentiation, osteocalcin, resorption, CTx-1, and bone formation were observed after 1D11 treatment of OI mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed dose and frequency dependent decreases in runt-related transcription factor, and increase in alkaline phosphatase in lumbar bone sections. In addition, a significant decrease in TRACP and the number of osteoclasts to bone surface area was observed with 1D11 treatment. Our results show that inhibition of the TGF-β pathway corrects the high-turnover aspects of bone disease and improves biomechanical properties of OI mice. These results highlight the potential for a novel treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta. © 2021 Sanofi-Genzyme. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Greene
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Ryan J Russo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Shannon Dwyer
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Katie Malley
- Global Discovery Pathology Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Joseph Serrielo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | | | - Susan Ryan
- Global Discovery Pathology Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Center for Bone Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Nikolai Bukanov
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.,Center for Bone Biology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Megan K Cox
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA
| | | | - Yves Sabbagh
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Sanofi Framingham MA USA.,Inozyme Pharma Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peruzzi C, Ramachandramoorthy R, Groetsch A, Casari D, Grönquist P, Rüggeberg M, Michler J, Schwiedrzik J. Microscale compressive behavior of hydrated lamellar bone at high strain rates. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:403-14. [PMID: 34245895 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk of fracture in the elderly associated with metabolic conditions like osteoporosis poses a significant strain on health care systems worldwide. Due to bone's hierarchical nature, it is necessary to study its mechanical properties and failure mechanisms at several length scales. We conducted micropillar compression experiments on ovine cortical bone to assess the anisotropic mechanical response at the lamellar scale over a wide range of strain rates (10-4 to 8·102 s-1). At the microscale, lamellar bone exhibits a strain rate sensitivity similar to what is reported at the macroscale suggesting that it is an intrinsic property of the extracellular matrix. Significant shear band thickening was observed at high strain rates by HRSEM and STEM imaging. This is likely caused by the material's inability to accommodate the imposed deformation by propagation of thin kink bands and shear cracks at high strain rates, leading to shear band thickening and nucleation. The post-yield behavior is strain rate and direction dependent: hardening was observed for transverse oriented micropillars and hardening modulus increases with strain rate by a factor of almost 2, while axially oriented micropillars showed strain softening and an increase of the softening peak width and work to ultimate stress as a function of strain rate. This suggests that for compression at the micrometer scale, energy absorption in bone increases with strain rate. This study highlights the importance of investigating bone strength and post-yield behavior at lower length scales, under hydrated conditions and at clinically relevant strain rates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We performed micropillar compression experiments of ovine cortical bone at two different orientations and over seven orders of magnitude of strain rate. Experiments were performed under humid condition to mimic the natural conditions of bone in a human body using a newly developed micro-indenter setup. The strain rate sensitivity was found to be of a similar magnitude to what has been reported for higher length scales, suggesting that the strain rate sensitivity is an intrinsic property of the bone extracellular matrix. In addition, localized shear deformation in thick bands was observed for the first time at high strain rates, highlighting the importance of investigating bone under conditions representative of an accident or fall at several length scales.
Collapse
|
35
|
Peña Fernández M, Kao AP, Bonithon R, Howells D, Bodey AJ, Wanelik K, Witte F, Johnston R, Arora H, Tozzi G. Time-resolved in situ synchrotron-microCT: 4D deformation of bone and bone analogues using digital volume correlation. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:424-39. [PMID: 34126266 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Digital volume correlation (DVC) in combination with high-resolution micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging and in situ mechanical testing is gaining popularity for quantifying 3D full-field strains in bone and biomaterials. However, traditional in situ time-lapsed (i.e., interrupted) mechanical testing cannot fully capture the dynamic strain mechanisms in viscoelastic biological materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the time-resolved deformation of bone structures and analogues via continuous in situ synchrotron-radiation microCT (SR-microCT) compression and DVC to gain a better insight into their structure-function relationships. Fast SR-microCT imaging enabled the deformation behaviour to be captured with high temporal and spatial resolution. Time-resolved DVC highlighted the relationship between local strains and damage initiation and progression in the different biostructures undergoing plastic deformation, bending and/or buckling of their main microstructural elements. The results showed that SR-microCT continuous mechanical testing complemented and enhanced the information obtained from time-lapsed testing, which may underestimate the 3D strain magnitudes as a result of the stress relaxation occurring in between steps before image acquisition in porous biomaterials. Altogether, the findings of this study highlight the importance of time-resolved in situ experiments to fully characterise the time-dependent mechanical behaviour of biological tissues and biomaterials and to further explore their micromechanics under physiologically relevant conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray tomography in combination with in situ mechanical testing provided the first four-dimensional analysis of the mechanical deformation of bone and bone analogues. To unravel the interplay of damage initiation and progression with local deformation, digital volume correlation was used to map the local strain field while microstructural changes were tracked with high temporal and spatial resolution. The results highlighted the importance of fast imaging and time-resolved in situ experiments to capture the real deformation of complex porous materials to fully characterize the local strain-damage relationship. The findings are notably improving the understanding of time-dependent mechanical behaviour of bone tissue, with the potential to be extend to highly viscoelastic biomaterials and soft tissues.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hua R, Jiang JX. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans in physiological and biomechanical function of bone. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100063. [PMID: 34435181 PMCID: PMC8377002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play vital roles in key signaling pathways to regulate bone homeostasis. The highly negatively charged GAGs are crucial in retaining bound water and modulating mechanical properties of bone. Age-related changes of PGs, GAGs, and bound water contribute to deterioration of bone quality during aging.
Proteoglycans (PGs) contain long unbranched glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to core proteins. In the bone extracellular matrix, PGs represent a class of non-collagenous proteins, and have high affinity to minerals and collagen. Considering the highly negatively charged character of GAGs and their interfibrillar positioning interconnecting with collagen fibrils, PGs and GAGs play pivotal roles in maintaining hydrostatic and osmotic pressure in the matrix. In this review, we will discuss the role of PGs, especially the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, in regulating the bioactivity of multiple cytokines and growth factors, and the bone turnover process. In addition, we focus on the coupling effects of PGs and GAGs in the hydration status of bone extracellular matrix, thus modulating bone biomechanical properties under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mandair GS, Akhter MP, Esmonde-White FWL, Lappe JM, Bare SP, Lloyd WR, Long JP, Lopez J, Kozloff KM, Recker RR, Morris MD. Altered collagen chemical compositional structure in osteopenic women with past fractures: A case-control Raman spectroscopic study. Bone 2021; 148:115962. [PMID: 33862262 PMCID: PMC8259347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incidences of low-trauma fractures among osteopenic women may be related to changes in bone quality. In this blinded, prospective-controlled study, compositional and heterogeneity contributors of bone quality to fracture risk were examined. We hypothesize that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate between osteopenic women with one or more fractures (cases) from women without fractures (controls). This study involved the Raman spectroscopic analysis of cortical and cancellous bone composition using iliac crest biopsies obtained from 59-cases and 59-controls, matched for age (62.0 ± 7.5 and 61.7 ± 7.3 years, respectively, p = 0.38) and hip bone mineral density (BMD, 0.827 ± 0.083 and 0.823 ± 0.072 g/cm3, respectively, p = 0.57). Based on aggregate univariate case-control and odds ratio based logistic regression analyses, we discovered two Raman ratiometric parameters that were predictive of past fracture risk. Specifically, 1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios, were identified as the most differential aspects of bone quality in cortical cases with odds ratios of 0.617 (0.406-0.938 95% CI, p = 0.024) and 1.656 (1.083-2.534 95% CI, p = 0.020), respectively. Both 1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios exhibited moderate sensitivity (59.3-64.4%) but low specificity (49.2-52.5%). These results suggest that the organization of mineralized collagen fibrils were significantly altered in cortical cases compared to controls. In contrast, compositional and heterogeneity parameters related to mineral/matrix ratios, B-type carbonate substitutions, and mineral crystallinity, were not significantly different between cases and controls. In conclusion, a key outcome of this study is the significant odds ratios obtained for two Raman parameters (1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios), which from a diagnostic perspective, may assist in the screening of osteopenic women with suspected low-trauma fractures. One important implication of these findings includes considering the possibility that changes in the organization of collagen compositional structure plays a far greater role in postmenopausal women with osteopenic fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- School of Dentistry, Departments of Biologic and Materials, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | - Joan M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan P Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William R Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason P Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Lopez
- School of Dentistry, Departments of Biologic and Materials, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gaitán-Salvatella I, López-Villegas EO, González-Alva P, Susate-Olmos F, Álvarez-Pérez MA. Case Report: Formation of 3D Osteoblast Spheroid Under Magnetic Levitation for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:672518. [PMID: 34235178 PMCID: PMC8255365 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.672518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal reconstruction is necessary in cases of bone defects created by tumors, trauma, and abnormalities. Regeneration of bone defects remains a critical problem, and current approaches are based on biocompatible scaffolds. Spheroids represent a simple 3D system since no supporting material is required for cell growth. Different techniques are used to generate spheroids, such as hanging drop, low-attachment plates, and magnetic nanoparticles. The idea of using magnetic nanoparticles is to cross-link through cell membrane overnight to create complex 3D cellular spheroid by using magnets to guide the cellular response. Herein, the current study aimed to achieve 3D human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) spheroid under magnetic levitation. Formation of 3D spheroid culture under magnetic levitation was evaluated by cell viability at 3, 7, and 14 days. Morphology of the 3D hFOB spheroid was analyzed by SEM and fluorescence microscopy and the differentiation towards mineralized lineage by ALP assay, qPCR, and alizarin red staining. The cell viability indicated that the 3D hFOB spheroid still viable after 14 days of culture. ALP assay, qPCR analysis expression of Col1, ALP, and Itg-β1 molecules, and calcium deposition with alizarin red showed a high level of bioactivity of the 3D hFOB spheroid. SEM images allowed the morphological analysis of the 3D microtissue-like spheroid with the presence of matrix deposition. These results indicate that magnetic levitation culture enables 3D stable osteoblast spheroids and could be a promising strategy for engineering application in the 3D construct in surgery regeneration of mineralized tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone matrix exhibits great complexity in its composition, structure and mechanics. Here, we provide a review of recent research articles and appraise the evidence that bone matrix quality is clinically important and possibly targetable for fracture prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Deformation of mineralised collagen fibrils determines bone fracture mechanics. Slipping and separation at the mineral-fibril and fibril-fibril interfaces, respectively, are the structural mechanisms for plastic deformation and microcrack nucleation. Existing technologies for assessing bone tissue in vivo cannot measure matrix structure or fracture mechanics but have shown limited use in clinical settings for identifying fragility or following treatment outcomes based on composition. Matrix is biomechanically and clinically important, but the knowledge has not translated into clinical practice. The structural mechanisms by which a load is transferred from mineralised collagen fibrils to the whole bone via microcracking have been proven too complex to measure in vivo. The mineral-fibril or fibril-fibril interfaces might be suitable targets for diagnosing fragility or delivering molecules that reduce fracture risk by strengthening the mineral bonds while maintaining flexibility in the fibrils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Abel
- MSk Laboratory, Sir Michael Uren Hub, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Richard Stavri
- MSk Laboratory, Sir Michael Uren Hub, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Marena Gray
- MSk Laboratory, Sir Michael Uren Hub, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ulrich Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kronemberger GS, Beatrici A, Dalmônico GML, Rossi AL, Miranda GASC, Boldrini LC, Mauro Granjeiro J, Baptista LS. The hypertrophic cartilage induction influences the building-block capacity of human adipose stem/stromal cell spheroids for biofabrication. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1208-1218. [PMID: 34036603 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to the classical tissue engineering approach, bottom-up tissue engineering emerges using building blocks in bioassembly technologies. Spheroids can be used as building blocks to reach a highly complex ordered tissue by their fusion (bioassembly), representing the foundation of biofabrication. In this study, we analyzed the biomechanical properties and the fusion capacity of human adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) we spheroids during an in vitro model of hypertrophic cartilage established by our research group. Hypertrophic induced-ASC spheroids showed a statistically significant higher Young's modulus at weeks 2 (P < .001) and 3 (P < .0005) compared with non-induced. After fusion, non-induced and induced-ASC spheroids increased the contact area and decreased their pairs' total length. At weeks 3 and 5, induced-ASC spheroids did not fuse completely, and the cells migrate preferentially in the fusion contact region. Alizarin red O staining showed the highest intensity of staining in the fused induced-ASC spheroids at week 5, together with intense staining for collagen type I and osteocalcin. Transmission electron microscopy and element content analysis (X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) revealed in the fused quartet at week 3 a crystal-like structure. Hypertrophic induction interferes with the intrinsic capacity of spheroids to fuse. The measurements of contact between spheroids during the fusion process, together with the change in viscoelastic profile to the plastic, will impact the establishment of bioassembly protocols using hypertrophic induced-ASC spheroids as building blocks in biofabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Inmetro and Uezo, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme A S C Miranda
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Boldrini
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Inmetro and Uezo, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Inmetro and Uezo, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Inmetro and Uezo, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen X, Qian T, Hang F, Chen X. Water promotes the formation of fibril bridging in antler bone illuminated by in situ AFM testing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104580. [PMID: 34015573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Water, as one of the main components of bone, has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of bone. However, the micro-/nanoscale toughening mechanism induced by water in bone remains at only the theoretical level with static observations, and further research is still needed. In this study, a new in situ mechanical test combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to track the micro-/nanocrack propagation of hydrated and dehydrated antler bones in situ to explore the influence of water on the micro-/nanomechanical behavior of bone. In hydrated bone, observations of the crack tip region revealed major uncracked ligament bridging, and the conversion of mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) from bridging to breaking is clearly seen in real time. In dehydrated bone, multiple uncracked ligament bridges can be observed, but they are quickly broken by cracks, and the MCFs tend to break directly instead of forming fibril bridges. These experimental results indicate that the hydrated interface promotes slippage between collagen and the mineral phase and slippage between MCFs, while the dehydrated interface causes MCFs to fracture directly under lower strain. The platform we built provides new insights for studying the mechanism of toughening of the components in bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Tianbao Qian
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fei Hang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tertuliano OA, Edwards BW, Meza LR, Deshpande VS, Greer JR. Nanofibril-mediated fracture resistance of bone. Bioinspir Biomim 2021; 16:035001. [PMID: 33470971 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/abdd9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural hard composites like human bone possess a combination of strength and toughness that exceeds that of their constituents and of many engineered composites. This augmentation is attributed to their complex hierarchical structure, spanning multiple length scales; in bone, characteristic dimensions range from nanoscale fibrils to microscale lamellae to mesoscale osteons and macroscale organs. The mechanical properties of bone have been studied, with the understanding that the isolated microstructure at micro- and nano-scales gives rise to superior strength compared to that of whole tissue, and the tissue possesses an amplified toughness relative to that of its nanoscale constituents. Nanoscale toughening mechanisms of bone are not adequately understood at sample dimensions that allow for isolating salient microstructural features, because of the challenge of performing fracture experiments on small-sized samples. We developed anin situthree-point bend experimental methodology that probes site-specific fracture behavior of micron-sized specimens of hard material. Using this, we quantify crack initiation and growth toughness of human trabecular bone with sharp fatigue pre-cracks and blunt notches. Our findings indicate that bone with fatigue cracks is two times tougher than that with blunt cracks.In situdata-correlated electron microscopy videos reveal this behavior arises from crack-bridging by nanoscale fibril structure. The results reveal a transition between fibril-bridging (∼1μm) and crack deflection/twist (∼500μm) as a function of length-scale, and quantitatively demonstrate hierarchy-induced toughening in a complex material. This versatile approach enables quantifying the relationship between toughness and microstructure in various complex material systems and provides direct insight for designing biomimetic composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ottman A Tertuliano
- Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Bryce W Edwards
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Lucas R Meza
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, United States of America
| | - Vikram S Deshpande
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shitole P, Choubey A, Mondal P, Ghosh R. Influence of low dose naltrexone on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal advanced glycation end-products and nano-mechanical properties in type 2 diabetic mice bone. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 123:112011. [PMID: 33812630 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly affects the bone mineral phase and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which eventually led to changes in bone material properties on the nano and macro-scale. Several anti-diabetic compounds are widely used to control high blood sugar or glucose caused by T2DM. Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), an opiate receptor antagonist, and a known TLR4 antagonist, treatment can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat-diet (HFD) induced T2DM mice. However, the influences of LDN on the local bone quality, mineralization of the bone, and the skeletal AGEs levels have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of LDN on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal AGEs (determined by Raman spectroscopy), and nano-mechanical properties in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. In order to investigate these, mice and corresponding bones were divided into four groups (divided based on diet and treatment), (a) normal control diet treated with saline water, (b) normal control diet treated with LDN, (c) HFD treated with saline water, and (d) HFD treated with LDN. In T2DM condition (HFD treated with saline water), alteration of Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality including mineral-to-matrix ratios, carbonate substitution, mineral crystallinity, and collagen quality was observed. Our data also indicated that T2DM enhances the skeletal AGEs, and impairs the nano-mechanical properties. Interestingly, present results indicated that LDN controls the Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. Additionally, LDN also protects the alteration of the skeletal AGEs levels and nano-mechanical properties in T2DM mice bone. This study concluded that LDN can control the HFD induced T2DM affected bone abnormalities at multiple hierarchical levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Shitole
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Choubey
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bartlow CM, Mann KA, Damron TA, Oest ME. Altered mechanical behavior of demineralized bone following therapeutic radiation. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:750-760. [PMID: 32965711 PMCID: PMC8212945 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-radiotherapy (RTx) bone fragility fractures are a late-onset complication occurring in bone within or underlying the radiation field. These fractures are difficult to predict, as patients do not present with local osteopenia. Using a murine hindlimb RTx model, we previously documented decreased mineralized bone strength and fracture toughness, but alterations in material properties of the organic bone matrix are largely unknown. In this study, 4 days of fractionated hindlimb irradiation (4 × 5 Gy) or Sham irradiation was administered in a mouse model (BALB/cJ, end points: 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, n = 15/group/end point). Following demineralization, the viscoelastic stress relaxation, and monotonic tensile mechanical properties of tibiae were determined. Irradiated tibiae demonstrated an immediate (day after last radiation fraction) and sustained (4, 8, 12 weeks) increase in stress relaxation compared to the Sham group, with a 4.4% decrease in equilibrium stress (p < .017). While tensile strength was not different between groups, irradiated tibiae had a lower elastic modulus (-5%, p = .027) and energy to failure (-12.2%, p = .012) with monotonic loading. Gel electrophoresis showed that therapeutic irradiation (4 × 5 Gy) does not result in collagen fragmentation, while irradiation at a common sterilization dose (25 kGy) extensively fragmented collagen. These results suggest that altered collagen mechanical behavior has a role in postirradiation bone fragility, but this can occur without detectable collagen fragmentation. Statement of Clinical Significance: Therapeutic irradiation alters bone organic matrix mechanics and which contribute to diminished fatigue strength, but this does not occur via collagen fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bartlow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Kenneth A. Mann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Timothy A. Damron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Megan E. Oest
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sharma A, Goring A, Johnson PB, Emery RJH, Hesse E, Boyde A, Olsen BR, Pitsillides AA, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S, Clarkin CE. Multiscale molecular profiling of pathological bone resolves sexually dimorphic control of extracellular matrix composition. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048116. [PMID: 33563616 PMCID: PMC7988766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen assembly during development is essential for successful matrix mineralisation, which determines bone quality and mechanocompetence. However, the biochemical and structural perturbations that drive pathological skeletal collagen configuration remain unclear. Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; also known as VEGFA) in bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) induces sex-specific alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) conformation and mineralisation coupled to vascular changes, which are augmented in males. Whether this phenotypic dimorphism arises as a result of the divergent control of ECM composition and its subsequent arrangement is unknown and is the focus of this study. Herein, we used murine osteocalcin-specific Vegf knockout (OcnVEGFKO) and performed ex vivo multiscale analysis at the tibiofibular junction of both sexes. Label-free and non-destructive polarisation-resolved second-harmonic generation (p-SHG) microscopy revealed a reduction in collagen fibre number in males following the loss of VEGF, complemented by observable defects in matrix organisation by backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy. This was accompanied by localised divergence in collagen orientation, determined by p-SHG anisotropy measurements, as a result of OcnVEGFKO. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the effect on collagen was linked to molecular dimorphic VEGF effects on collagen-specific proline and hydroxyproline, and collagen intra-strand stability, in addition to matrix carbonation and mineralisation. Vegf deletion in male and female murine OB cultures in vitro further highlighted divergence in genes regulating local ECM structure, including Adamts2, Spp1, Mmp9 and Lama1. Our results demonstrate the utility of macromolecular imaging and spectroscopic modalities for the detection of collagen arrangement and ECM composition in pathological bone. Linking the sex-specific genetic regulators to matrix signatures could be important for treatment of dimorphic bone disorders that clinically manifest in pathological nano- and macro-level disorganisation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alice Goring
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter B. Johnson
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Roger J. H. Emery
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Bjorn R. Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Claire E. Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Unal M. Raman spectroscopic determination of bone matrix quantity and quality augments prediction of human cortical bone mechanical properties. J Biomech 2021; 119:110342. [PMID: 33706105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Being independent contributors to bone mechanical resistance at the apparent level, quality and quantity of bone primary constituents are essential factors in better fracture risk assessment. Raman spectroscopy (RS) holds great potential for being a clinical tool with providing quality and quantity measurements of the bone mineralized matrix. Beyond mineral quality and quantity, recent years have revealed newly developed RS-derived bone compositional measurements focusing on organic matrix and water though their associations with bone mechanics have not been fully established yet. Herein, the author reported first thorough characterization study investigating associations between twenty different RS-derived measurements and mechanical properties of human cortical bone (i.e., yield and ultimate strength, elastic modulus, toughness, post-yield toughness, and post-yield strain). Forty-five rectangular human cortical beams harvested from all four anatomical quadrants of two male donors were tested under three-point bending. Raman spectra of each specimen were collected at the spectral range of 800 to 4000 cm-1. While correlations were tested among RS-derived measurements via Spearman's rank correlations, multivariate linear regression using mixed effects were used to determine the best RS-derived measurement or the combination of RS-derived measurements in predicting various mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Most of the RS-derived measurements were associated with the mechanical properties (Rm2 ranges from 8.9 to 68.3%, p < 0.05). The various linear combinations of six RS-derived measurements focusing on different aspects of bone matrix (i.e., ν1PO4/Amide I, ν1PO4/Amide III, Carbonate/ν1PO4, ~I1670/I1640, ~I3453/I2949, ~I3584/I2949) improved the prediction (Rm2 = 43.5 to 70.2%, p < 0.05). While a causal relationship still needs to be investigated, RS has a great potential to establish a robust patient-specific fracture risk prediction with the latest advances in technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Creecy A, Brown KL, Rose KL, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Post-translational modifications in collagen type I of bone in a mouse model of aging. Bone 2021; 143:115763. [PMID: 33220504 PMCID: PMC7968971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fracture resistance of cortical bone and matrix hydration are known to decline with advanced aging. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and so we investigated levels of matrix proteins and post-translational modifications (PTM) of collagen I in extracts from the tibia of 6-mo. and 20-mo. old BALB/c mice (female and male analysis done separately). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that the levels of collagen I deamidation at specific asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) residues significantly increased with age. Other non-enzymatic PTMs such as carboxymethylation of lysine (CML) were detected as well, but the relative abundance did not vary with age. No significant age-related differences in the abundance of hydroxylysine glycosylation sites were found, but hydroxylation levels at a few of the numerous lysine and proline hydroxylation sites significantly changed by a small amount with age. We performed molecular modeling and dynamics (MD) simulations for three triple helical fragments representing collagen I regions with prominent age-dependent increases in deamidation as identified by LC-MS/MS of male extracts. These 3 fragments included deamidated Asn and Gln residues as follows: 1) an Asn428 site of the α2(I) chain in which deamidation levels increased from 4.4% at 6-mo. to 8.1% at 20-mo., 2) an Asn983 site of the α2(I) chain with a deamidation increase from 18.3% to 36.8% with age and an Asn1052 site of the α1(I) chain with consistent deamidation levels of ~60% across the age groups, and 3) a Gln410 site of the α1(I) chain that went from no detectable deamidation at 6-mo. to 2.7% at 20-mo. and a neighboring Asn421 site of the same chain with an age-related deamidation increase from 3.6% to 16.3%. The deamidation levels at these sites inversely correlated with an estimate of toughness determined from three-point bending tests of the femur mid-diaphysis. MD revealed that the sidechains become more negatively charged at deamidated sites and that deamidation alters hydrogen bonding with water along the collagen backbone while increasing water interactions with the aspartic and glutamic acid sidechains. Our findings suggest a new mechanism of the age-dependent reduction in the fracture resistance of cortical bone whereby deamidation of Asn and Glu residues redistributes bound water within collagen I triple helix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Karali A, Kao AP, Zekonyte J, Blunn G, Tozzi G. Micromechanical evaluation of cortical bone using in situ XCT indentation and digital volume correlation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 115:104298. [PMID: 33445104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The overall mechanical behaviour of cortical bone is strongly dependant on its microstructure. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has been widely used to identify the microstructural morphology of cortical tissue (i.e. pore network, Haversian and Volkmann's canals). However, the connection between microstructure and mechanics of cortical bone during plastic deformation is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the interplay of plastic strain building up in relation to changes in the canal network for cortical bone tissue. In situ step-wise XCT indentation was used to introduce a localised load on the surface of the tissue and digital volume correlation (DVC) was employed to assess the three-dimensional (3D) full-field plastic strain distribution in proximity of the indent. It was observed that regions adjacent to the imprint were under tensile strain, whereas the volume underneath experienced compressive strain. Canal loss and disruption was detected in regions of higher compressive strains exceeding -20000 με and crack formation occurred in specimens where Haversian canals were running parallel to the indentation tip. The results of this study outline the relationship between the micromechanical and structural behaviour of cortical bone during plastic deformation, providing information on cortical tissue fracture pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterina Karali
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| | | | - Jurgita Zekonyte
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nieuwoudt MK, Shahlori R, Naot D, Patel R, Holtkamp H, Aguergaray C, Watson M, Musson D, Brown C, Dalbeth N, Cornish J, Simpson MC. Raman spectroscopy reveals age- and sex-related differences in cortical bone from people with osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19443. [PMID: 33173169 PMCID: PMC7656243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone strength in human cortical bone is determined by the composition and structure of both the mineral and collagen matrices and influenced by factors such as age, gender, health, lifestyle and genetic factors. Age-related changes in the bone matrix are known to result in loss of mechanical strength and increased fragility. In this study we show how Raman spectroscopy, with its exquisite sensitivity to the molecular structure of bone, reveals new insights into age- and sex-related differences. Raman analysis of 18 samples of cortical hip bone obtained from people aged between 47–82 years with osteoarthritis (OA) found subtle changes in the lipid and collagen secondary structure, and the carbonate (CO32−) and phosphate (PO43−) mineral ratios in the bone matrix. Significant differences were observed between older and younger bones, and between older female and older male bones; no significant differences were observed between younger male and female bones. Older female bones presented the lowest mineral to matrix ratios (MMR) and highest CO32−/PO43− ratios, and relative to lipid/collagen –CH2 deformation modes at 1450 cm−1 they had lowest overall mineral content, higher collagen cross linking and lipid content but lower levels of α-helix collagen structures than older male and younger male and female bones. These observations provided further insight on bone composition changes observed in the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) for the older female bones from microCT measurements on the same samples, while tissue mineral density (TMD) measurements had shown no significant differences between the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel K Nieuwoudt
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand. .,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Rayomand Shahlori
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rhea Patel
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Holtkamp
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claude Aguergaray
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Watson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Musson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Brown
- Medical Engineering Research Faculty, CPME, IHBI, SEF, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand. .,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
El-Hansi NS, Said HH, Desouky OS, Khalaf MA, Talaat MS, Sallam AM. XRD and ATR-FTIR techniques for integrity assessment of gamma radiation sterilized cortical bone pretreated by antioxidants. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 22:305-21. [PMID: 33165827 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Terminal sterilization of bone allograft by gamma radiation is required to reduce the risk of infection. Free radical scavengers could be utilized to minimize the deteriorating effects of gamma radiation on bone allograft mechanical properties. The objective of this research is to assess the changes in structural and chemical composition induced by hydroxytyrosol (HT) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) free radical scavengers in gamma sterilized cortical bone. Bovine femurs specimens were soaked in different concentrations of HT and ALA for 7 and 3 days respectively before irradiation with 35 KGy gamma radiation. The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction techniques were utilized to analyze the changes in chemical composition induced by irradiation in the presence of free radical scavengers. A significant increase in the proportion of amide I and amide II to phosphate was noticed in the irradiated group, while in the pretreated groups with ALA and HT this effect was minimized. In addition, gamma radiation reduced the mature to immature cross links while ALA and HT alleviated this reduction. No significant changes were noticed in the mineral crystallinity or crystal size. Bone chemical structure has been changed due to gamma irradiation and these changes are mainly relevant to amide I, amide II proportions and collagen crosslinks. The deteriorating effects of gamma sterilization dose (35 kGy) on chemical structure of bone allograft can be alleviated by using (HT) and (ALA) free radical scavengers before irradiation.
Collapse
|