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Mu Q, Yao K, Syeda MZ, Wan J, Cheng Q, You Z, Sun R, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Lu Y, Luo Z, Li Y, Liu F, Liu H, Zou X, Zhu Y, Peng K, Huang C, Chen X, Tang L. Neutrophil Targeting Platform Reduces Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Improved Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke Theranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308719. [PMID: 38520727 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and stroke are major causes of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology of TBI and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), in addition to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resistance, is a major barrier to the advancement of diagnostics and therapeutics. Clinical data showed that the severity of TBI and stroke is positively correlated with the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood and brain injury sites. Furthermore, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils correlate with worse TBI and stroke outcomes by impairing revascularization and vascular remodeling. Therefore, targeting neutrophils to deliver NETs inhibitors to brain injury sites and reduce the formation of NETs can be an optimal strategy for TBI and stroke therapy. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive neutrophil-targeting delivery system loaded with peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, GSK484, to prevent the formation of NETs in brain injury sites, which significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits, and improved the survival rate of TBI and CIRI. This strategy may provide a groundwork for the development of targeted theranostics of TBI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Mu
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Madiha Zahra Syeda
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, 525200, China
- St. Michael's Hospital, Fully Affiliated Hospital of University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jinlong Wan
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Basic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zhen You
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Huamiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Zhicheng Luo
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Maoming, 525200, China
| | - Yanfen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | | | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Longguang Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
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Mokbel AY, Burns MP, Main BS. The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 38802931 PMCID: PMC11131220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, yet our mechanistic understanding of what renders the post-traumatic brain vulnerable to poor outcomes, and susceptible to neurological disease, is incomplete. It is well established that dysregulated and sustained immune responses elicit negative consequences after TBI; however, our understanding of the neuroimmune interface that facilitates crosstalk between central and peripheral immune reservoirs is in its infancy. The meninges serve as the interface between the brain and the immune system, facilitating important bi-directional roles in both healthy and disease settings. It has been previously shown that disruption of this system exacerbates neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; however, we have an incomplete understanding of how the meningeal compartment influences immune responses after TBI. In this manuscript, we will offer a detailed overview of the holistic nature of neuroinflammatory responses in TBI, including hallmark features observed across clinical and animal models. We will highlight the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system, including its role in immuno-surveillance and immune responses within the meninges and the brain. We will provide a comprehensive update on our current knowledge of meningeal-derived responses across the spectrum of TBI, and identify new avenues for neuroimmune modulation within the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Y Mokbel
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bevan S Main
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Lin P, Lin C, Diao L. RBM3 Ameliorates Acute Brain Injury-induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Stabilizing GAS6 mRNA Through Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2024; 547:74-87. [PMID: 38555015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), as a cold-inducible protein, exhibits neuroprotective function in brain disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of RBM3 on acute brain injury (ABI) and its underlying mechanism. The cerebral injury (CI) rat model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model were established. The neurological severity score, wire-grip score, morris water maze test, and Y-maze test were used to detect the neurological damage, vestibular motor, learning, and memory functions. Cerebral injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory level were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining and specific kits. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate. The relationship between RBM3 and growth arrest specific (GAS) 6 was analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The results indicated that RBM3 recovered of neurological function and behaviour impairment of CI rats. Additionally, RBM3 reversed the increased oxidative stress, inflammatory level, and apoptosis induced by CI and OGD. RBM3 interacted with GAS6 to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thus playing neuroprotection on ABI. Besides, the results of RBM3 treatment were similar to those of mild hypothermia treatment. In summary, RBM3 exerted neuroprotection and ameliorated inflammatory levels and oxidative stress by stabilizing GAS6 mRNA through the Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting that RBM3 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqing Lin
- Department Of Emergency, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350007, China.
| | - Chengshi Lin
- Department Of Emergency, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Liangbiao Diao
- Department Of Nephrology, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350007, China
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Huang WT, Chen XJ, Lin YK, Shi JF, Li H, Wu HD, Jiang RL, Chen S, Wang X, Tan XX, Chen KY, Wang P. FGF17 protects cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier disruption via FGF receptor 3-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176521. [PMID: 38522639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is critical components of therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Fibroblast growth factor 17 (FGF17), a member of FGF8 superfamily, exhibits the strongest expression throughout the wall of all major arteries during development. However, its molecular action and potential protective role on brain endothelial cells after stroke remains unclear. Here, we observed reduced levels of FGF17 in the serum of patients with ischemic stroke, as well as in the brains of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) cells. Moreover, treatment with exogenous recombinant human FGF17 (rhFGF17) decreased infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, reduced Evans Blue leakage and upregulated the expression of tight junctions in MCAO-injured mice. Meanwhile, rhFGF17 increased cell viability, enhanced trans-endothelial electrical resistance, reduced sodium fluorescein leakage, and alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in OGD/R-induced bEnd.3 cells. Mechanistically, the treatment with rhFGF17 resulted in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Additionally, based on in-vivo and in-vitro research, rhFGF17 exerted protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) -induced BBB disruption and endothelial cell apoptosis through the activation of the FGF receptor 3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Overall, our findings indicated that FGF17 may hold promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325099, China
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hao-Di Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xian-Xi Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Ke-Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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5
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Boulton M, Al-Rubaie A. Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injuries. Anat Sci Int 2024:10.1007/s12565-024-00778-2. [PMID: 38739360 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) commonly occur following head trauma. TBI may result in short- and long-term complications which may lead to neurodegenerative consequences, including cognitive impairment post-TBI. When investigating the neurodegeneration following TBI, studies have highlighted the role reactive astrocytes have in the neuroinflammation and degeneration process. This review showcases a variety of markers that show reactive astrocyte presence under pathological conditions, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Crystallin Alpha-B (CRYA-B), Complement Component 3 (C3) and S100A10. Astrocyte activation may lead to white-matter inflammation, expressed as white-matter hyperintensities. Other white-matter changes in the brain following TBI include increased cortical thickness in the white matter. This review addresses the gaps in the literature regarding post-mortem human studies focussing on reactive astrocytes, alongside the potential uses of these proteins as markers in the future studies that investigate the proportions of astrocytes in the post-TBI brain has been discussed. This research may benefit future studies that focus on the role reactive astrocytes play in the post-TBI brain and may assist clinicians in managing patients who have suffered TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boulton
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Ali Al-Rubaie
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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6
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Pociūtė A, Pivoriūnas A, Verkhratsky A. Astrocytes dynamically regulate the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:709-710. [PMID: 37843196 PMCID: PMC10664108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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7
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Zhang S, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu J, Xu X, Ma Q, Zheng Z, Lu G, Deng Z, Huang H. Enhanced VEGF secretion and blood-brain barrier disruption: Radiation-mediated inhibition of astrocyte autophagy via PI3K-AKT pathway activation. Glia 2024; 72:568-587. [PMID: 38009296 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the recognized pathological basis of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI), a side effect of head and neck cancer treatments. There is currently a lack of therapeutic approaches for RBI due to the ambiguity of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to identify these mechanisms in order to prevent RBI or provide early interventions. One crucial factor contributing to BBB disruption is the radiation-induced activation of astrocytes and oversecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, the PI3K-AKT pathway can inhibit cellular autophagy, leading to pathological cell aggregation. Moreover, it acts as an upstream pathway of VEGF. In this study, we observed the upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in irradiated cultured astrocytes through bioinformatics analysis, we then validated these findings in animal brains and in vitro astrocytes following radiation exposure. Additionally, we also found the inhibition of autophagy and the oversecretion of VEGF in irradiated astrocytes. By inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway or promoting cellular autophagy, we observed a significant amelioration of the inhibitory effect on autophagy, leading to reductions in VEGF oversecretion and BBB disruption. In conclusion, our study suggests that radiation can inhibit autophagy and promote VEGF oversecretion by upregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway in astrocytes. Blocking the PI3K pathway can alleviate both of these effects, thereby mitigating damage to the BBB in patients undergoing radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingping Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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Lespérance P, Desbeaumes Jodoin V, Drouin D, Racicot F, Miron JP, Longpré-Poirier C, Fournier-Gosselin MP, Thebault P, Lapointe R, Arbour N, Cailhier JF. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Inflammation in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2679. [PMID: 38473935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) is used for the treatment of epilepsy and major medical-refractory depression. VNS has neuropsychiatric functions and systemic anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study is to measure the clinical efficacy and impact of VNS modulation in depressive patients. Six patients with refractory depression were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating, and anxiety symptoms with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Plasmas were harvested prospectively before the implantation of VNS (baseline) and up to 4 years or more after continuous therapy. Forty soluble molecules were measured in the plasma by multiplex assays. Following VNS, the reduction in the mean depression severity score was 59.9% and the response rate was 87%. Anxiety levels were also greatly reduced. IL-7, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, Flt-1 and VEGFc levels were significantly lowered, whereas bFGF levels were increased (p values ranging from 0.004 to 0.02). This exploratory study is the first to focus on the long-term efficacy of VNS and its consequences on inflammatory biomarkers. VNS may modulate inflammation via an increase in blood-brain barrier integrity and a reduction in inflammatory cell recruitment. This opens the door to new pathways involved in the treatment of refractory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lespérance
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - David Drouin
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Racicot
- Division of Neurosurgery, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Miron
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Christophe Longpré-Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | | | - Paméla Thebault
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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Zhou HJ, Wang XY, Wang LQ, Zheng JS, Zhan RY, Pan JW. Interfering TRIB3 protects the blood brain barrier through PI3K/Akt pathway to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus mice. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110807. [PMID: 37980971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to treat diabetic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) by affecting blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and integrity. The CI/RI model in DM mice and a high glucose (HG) treated oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) brain endothelial cell model were established for the study. Evans blue (EB) staining was used to evaluate the permeability of BBB in vivo. TTC staining was used to analyze cerebral infarction. The location and expression of tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) in endothelial cells were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of TRIB3, tight junction molecules, adhesion molecules, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and AKT. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were used to measure vascular permeability in vitro. TRIB3 ubiquitination and acetylation levels were detected. Acetyltransferase bound to TRIB3 were identified by immunoprecipitation. TRIB3 was localized in cerebral endothelial cells and was highly expressed in diabetic CI/R mice. The BBB permeability in diabetic CI/R mice and HG-treated OGD/R cells was increased, while the junction integrity was decreased. Interference with TRIB3 in vitro reduces BBB permeability and increases junction integrity. In vivo interfering with TRIB3 reduced cerebral infarction volume, BBB permeability and inflammation levels, and upregulated p-AKT levels. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin reversed the effects of TRIB3-interfering plasmid. In vitro HG treatment induced TRIB3 acetylation through acetyltransferase p300, which in turn reduced ubiquitination and stabilized TRIB3. Interfering TRIB3 protects BBB by activating PI3K/AKT pathway and alleviates brain injury, which provides a new target for diabetic CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li-Qing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jie-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Manu DR, Slevin M, Barcutean L, Forro T, Boghitoiu T, Balasa R. Astrocyte Involvement in Blood-Brain Barrier Function: A Critical Update Highlighting Novel, Complex, Neurovascular Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17146. [PMID: 38138976 PMCID: PMC10743219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been linked to a defective blood-brain barrier (BBB), with dysfunctions triggered by stage-specific disease mechanisms, some of these being generated through interactions in the neurovascular unit (NVU). Advanced knowledge of molecular and signaling mechanisms in the NVU and the emergence of improved experimental models allow BBB permeability prediction and the development of new brain-targeted therapies. As NVU constituents, astrocytes are the most numerous glial cells, characterized by a heterogeneity that occurs as a result of developmental and context-based gene expression profiles and the differential expression of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Due to their heterogeneity and dynamic responses to different signals, astrocytes may have a beneficial or detrimental role in the BBB's barrier function, with deep effects on the pathophysiology of (and on the progression of) central nervous system diseases. The implication of astrocytic-derived extracellular vesicles in pathological mechanisms, due to their ability to pass the BBB, must also be considered. The molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' interaction with endothelial cells at the BBB level are considered promising therapeutic targets in different neurological conditions. Nevertheless, a personalized and well-founded approach must be addressed, due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of reactive astrogliosis states during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Ramona Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Slevin
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Forro
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Tudor Boghitoiu
- Psychiatry II Clinic, County Clinical Hospital, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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11
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Torices S, Daire L, Simon S, Naranjo O, Mendoza L, Teglas T, Fattakhov N, Adesse D, Toborek M. Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37840143 PMCID: PMC10577960 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological hallmarks of brain infection by HIV-1. BBB damage during HIV-1 infection has been associated with modified expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including occludin. Recent evidence indicated occludin as a redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein that can act as both an NADH oxidase and influence cellular metabolism through AMPK kinase. One of the newly identified functions of occludin is its involvement in regulating HIV-1 infection. Studies suggest that occludin expression levels and the rate of HIV-1 infection share a reverse, bidirectional relationship; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this review, we describe the pathways involved in the regulation of HIV-1 infection by occludin. We propose that occludin may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection and to improve the lives of people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Leah Daire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Sierra Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Luisa Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
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12
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Lu D, Feng Y, Liu G, Yang Y, Ren Y, Chen Z, Sun X, Guan Y, Wang Z. Mitochondrial transport in neurons and evidence for its involvement in acute neurological disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1268883. [PMID: 37901436 PMCID: PMC10600463 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1268883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring mitochondrial quality is essential for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, and mitochondrial transport plays a vital role in mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we first provide an overview of neuronal mitochondrial transport, followed by a detailed description of the various motors and adaptors associated with the anterograde and retrograde transport of mitochondria. Subsequently, we review the modest evidence involving mitochondrial transport mechanisms that has surfaced in acute neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. An in-depth study of this area will help deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of various acute neurological disorders and ultimately improve therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yayi Yang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubo Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixiang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hai'an People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37743487 PMCID: PMC10519090 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the aging population. Significant neurological deficits may result from a delayed diagnosis as well as inadequate neurological recovery following surgical decompression. Here, we review the pathophysiology of DCM with an emphasis on how blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a critical yet neglected pathological feature affecting prognosis. In patients suffering from DCM, compromise of the BSCB is evidenced by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum protein ratios and abnormal contrast-enhancement upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In animal model correlates, there is histological evidence of increased extravasation of tissue dyes and serum contents, and pathological changes to the neurovascular unit. BSCB dysfunction is the likely culprit for ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgical decompression, which can result in devastating neurological sequelae. As there are currently no therapeutic approaches specifically targeting BSCB reconstitution, we conclude the review by discussing potential interventions harnessed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Zhao ZA, Yan L, Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Yu F, Lu J, Liu YU, Su H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in vascular repair after traumatic brain injury: a narrative review. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad033. [PMID: 37675267 PMCID: PMC10478165 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts normal brain function and is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates. TBI is characterized as mild, moderate or severe depending on its severity. The damage may be transient and limited to the dura matter, with only subtle changes in cerebral parenchyma, or life-threatening with obvious focal contusions, hematomas and edema. Blood vessels are often injured in TBI. Even in mild TBI, dysfunctional cerebral vascular repair may result in prolonged symptoms and poor outcomes. Various distinct types of cells participate in vascular repair after TBI. A better understanding of the cellular response and function in vascular repair can facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we analyzed the mechanism of cerebrovascular impairment and the repercussions following various forms of TBI. We then discussed the role of distinct cell types in the repair of meningeal and parenchyma vasculature following TBI, including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, pericytes, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), neurons, myeloid cells (macrophages and monocytes) and meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells. Finally, possible treatment techniques targeting these unique cell types for vascular repair after TBI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83# Wen-Hua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease Institute, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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15
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Lu D, Wang Y, Liu G, Wang S, Duan A, Wang Z, Wang J, Sun X, Wu Y, Wang Z. Armcx1 attenuates secondary brain injury in an experimental traumatic brain injury model in male mice by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106228. [PMID: 37454781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Armcx1 is highly expressed in the brain and is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane of neurons, where it mediates mitochondrial transport. Mitochondrial transport promotes the removal of damaged mitochondria and the replenishment of healthy mitochondria, which is essential for neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the role of Armcx1 and its potential regulator(s) in secondary brain injury (SBI) after TBI. An in vivo TBI model was established in male C57BL/6 mice via controlled cortical impact (CCI). Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) with Armcx1 overexpression and knockdown were constructed and administered to mice via stereotactic cortical injection. Exogenous miR-223-3p mimic or inhibitor was transfected into cultured cortical neurons, which were then scratched to simulate TBI in vitro. It was found that Armcx1 expression decreased significantly, while miR-223-3p levels increased markedly in peri-lesion tissues after TBI. The overexpression of Armcx1 significantly reduced TBI-induced neurological dysfunction, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and axonal injury, while the knockdown of Armcx1 had the opposite effect. Armcx1 was potentially a direct target of miR-223-3p. The miR-223-3p mimic obviously reduced the Armcx1 protein level, while the miR-223-3p inhibitor had the opposite effect. Finally, the miR-223-3p inhibitor dramatically improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased the total length of the neurites without affecting branching numbers. In summary, our results suggest that the decreased expression of Armcx1 protein in neurons after experimental TBI aggravates secondary brain injury, which may be regulated by miR-223-3p. Therefore, this study provides a potential therapeutic approach for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aojie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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de Rus Jacquet A, Alpaugh M, Denis HL, Tancredi JL, Boutin M, Decaestecker J, Beauparlant C, Herrmann L, Saint-Pierre M, Parent M, Droit A, Breton S, Cicchetti F. The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3651. [PMID: 37339976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction has previously been linked to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Among their many roles, astrocytes are mediators of the brain immune response, and astrocyte reactivity is a pathological feature of PD. They are also involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but barrier integrity is compromised in people with PD. This study focuses on an unexplored area of PD pathogenesis by characterizing the interplay between astrocytes, inflammation and BBB integrity, and by combining patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with microfluidic technologies to generate a 3D human BBB chip. Here we report that astrocytes derived from female donors harboring the PD-related LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and fail to support the formation of a functional capillary in vitro. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling attenuates the inflammatory profile of mutant astrocytes and rescues BBB formation, providing insights into mechanisms regulating barrier integrity in PD. Lastly, we confirm that vascular changes are also observed in the human postmortem substantia nigra of both males and females with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - M Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - M Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J Decaestecker
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Beauparlant
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - L Herrmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - A Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - S Breton
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - F Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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17
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Namekata K, Tsuji N, Guo X, Nishijima E, Honda S, Kitamura Y, Yamasaki A, Kishida M, Takeyama J, Ishikawa H, Shinozaki Y, Kimura A, Harada C, Harada T. Neuroprotection and axon regeneration by novel low-molecular-weight compounds through the modification of DOCK3 conformation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:166. [PMID: 37188749 PMCID: PMC10184973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3) is an atypical member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and plays important roles in neurite outgrowth. DOCK3 forms a complex with Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (Elmo1) and effectively activates Rac1 and actin dynamics. In this study, we screened 462,169 low-molecular-weight compounds and identified the hit compounds that stimulate the interaction between DOCK3 and Elmo1, and neurite outgrowth in vitro. Some of the derivatives from the hit compound stimulated neuroprotection and axon regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. Our findings suggest that the low-molecular-weight DOCK3 activators could be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating axonal injury and neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuji
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Euido Nishijima
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kitamura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Takeyama
- Biological Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ishikawa
- Biological Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Zhai W, Zhang T, Jin Y, Huang S, Xu M, Pan J. The fibroblast growth factor system in cognitive disorders and dementia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136266. [PMID: 37214403 PMCID: PMC10196031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the core precursor to dementia and other cognitive disorders. Current hypotheses suggest that they share a common pathological basis, such as inflammation, restricted neurogenesis, neuroendocrine disorders, and the destruction of neurovascular units. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell growth factors that play essential roles in various pathophysiological processes via paracrine or autocrine pathways. This system consists of FGFs and their receptors (FGFRs), which may hold tremendous potential to become a new biological marker in the diagnosis of dementia and other cognitive disorders, and serve as a potential target for drug development against dementia and cognitive function impairment. Here, we review the available evidence detailing the relevant pathways mediated by multiple FGFs and FGFRs, and recent studies examining their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of cognitive disorders and dementia.
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19
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Deng J, Zhang X, Yin M, Cao W, Zhang B, Liu Q, Hou X, Wang H, Shi C. Modified CFBP-bFGF targeting to ischemic brain promoted the functional recovery of cerebral ischemia. J Control Release 2023; 353:462-474. [PMID: 36493946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral ischemia was one of the most common causes of disability and death worldwide. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was reported to have neuroprotective function as well as promoting angiogenesis in the ischemic brain, but the targeting delivery of bFGF to ischemic brain was still difficult. In present study, a specific peptide was used to modify bFGF to construct recombinant CFBP-bFGF, and CFBP-bFGF could specifically deliver to ischemic brain through binding with the upregulated protein-connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). When CFBP-bFGF was used in rats with cerebral ischemia by intravenous injection, local concentration of the bFGF in ischemic brain was significantly increased. In addition, enhanced neurons survival, increased angiogenesis, decreased neuroinflammation were observed, that improved the motor functional recovery of cerebral ischemic injury. These results demonstrated that the targeting delivery of CFBP-bFGF would be a potential therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Yin
- The Second Department of Neurology, Qingdao Central Hospital, 127 South Siliu Road, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China..
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunying Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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20
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Huang W, Qiu W, Chen K, Ye S, Wang D, Hu J, Xu H, Lin L, Li X. Research progress of fibroblast growth factor in nervous system diseases. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:738-749. [PMID: 36915973 PMCID: PMC10262007 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a group of structurally related polypeptides which constitute an elaborate signaling system with their receptors. Evidence accumulated in the years suggests that the FGF family plays a key role in the repair of central nervous system injury. The main protective mechanisms include activating the expression of PI3K-Akt, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and other signals; inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neuronal differentiation and neuronal excitability as well as participating in protection of neurovascular units and nerve function repair. This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in FGF signaling related to diseases of the central nervous system such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and depression, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for the development of innovative FGF drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Huang
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wanhua Qiu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Chen
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Hu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- 1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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DeOre BJ, Partyka PP, Fan F, Galie PA. CD44 mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model through small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22278. [PMID: 35436025 PMCID: PMC10758994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100822rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress is an important mediator of vascular permeability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of shear on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have yet to be clarified in cerebral vasculature despite its importance for brain homeostasis. The goal of this study is to probe components of shear mechanotransduction within the BBB to gain a better understanding of pathologies associated with changes in cerebral perfusion including ischemic stroke. Interrogating the effects of shear stress in vivo is complicated by the complexity of factors in the brain parenchyma and the difficulty associated with modulating blood flow regimes. The in vitro model used in this study is compatible with real-time measurement of barrier function using a transendothelial electrical resistance as well as immunocytochemistry and dextran permeability assays. These experiments reveal that there is a threshold level of shear stress required for barrier formation and that the composition of the extracellular matrix, specifically the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan, dictates the flow response. Gene editing to modulate the expression of CD44, a mechanosensitive receptor for hyaluronan, demonstrates that the receptor is required for the endothelial response to shear stress. Manipulation of small GTPase activity reveals CD44 activates Rac1 while inhibiting RhoA activation. Additionally, adducin-γ localizes to tight junctions in response to shear stress and RhoA inhibition and is required to maintain the barrier. This study identifies specific components of the mechanosensing complex associated with the BBB response to fluid shear stress and, therefore, illuminates potential targets for barrier manipulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul P. Partyka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Chen K, Rao Z, Dong S, Chen Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Gong F, Li X. Roles of the fibroblast growth factor signal transduction system in tissue injury repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac005. [PMID: 35350443 PMCID: PMC8946634 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following injury, tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process, resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms. Both the repair and regeneration processes are highly coordinated by a hierarchy of interplay among signal transduction pathways initiated by different growth factors, cytokines and other signaling molecules under normal conditions. However, under chronic traumatic or pathological conditions, the reparative or regenerative process of most tissues in different organs can lose control to different extents, leading to random, incomplete or even flawed cell and tissue reconstitution and thus often partial restoration of the original structure and function, accompanied by the development of fibrosis, scarring or even pathogenesis that could cause organ failure and death of the organism. Ample evidence suggests that the various combinatorial fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and receptor signal transduction systems play prominent roles in injury repair and the remodeling of adult tissues in addition to embryonic development and regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on our current understanding of the roles, the underlying mechanisms and clinical application of FGFs in tissue injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyang Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Department of breast surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xulan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
| | - Fanghua Gong
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
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24
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Wang F, Zeng Y, Liu X, Cao J, Kang S, Zhou W, Chen X, Liu J, Zhang D. Chromogranin A-derived peptide CGA47-66 protects against septic brain injury by reducing blood-brain barrier damage through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:162-170. [PMID: 35339012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CGA47-66 (Chromofungin, CHR), is a peptide derived from the N-terminus of chromogranin A (CgA), has been proven to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. We found that CGA47-66 exerted a protective effect on cognitive impairment by inhibiting the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the LPS-induced sepsis mice model. In addition, the hCMEC/D3 cell line was used to establish an in vitro BBB model. Under LPS stimulation, CGA47-66 could significantly alleviate the hyperpermeability of the BBB, the destruction of tight junction proteins, and the rearrangement of F-actin. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we used LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, which partially reduced the protective effect of CGA47-66 on the integrity of BBB. Indicating that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a vital role in the brain-protective function of CGA47-66, which might be a potential therapeutic target for septic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- FengLin Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - JiaJun Cao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - ShengNan Kang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - WuShuang Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - XiaoYing Chen
- Department of Surgical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - JingLun Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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25
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Feng Y, Ju Y, Yan Z, Ji M, Yang M, Wu Q, Wang L, Sun G. Protective role of wogonin following traumatic brain injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis via the PI3K/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:53. [PMID: 35179214 PMCID: PMC8904077 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is usually caused by accidental injuries and traffic accidents, with a very high mortality rate. Treatment and management following TBI are essential to reduce patient injury and help improve long‑term prognosis. Wogonin is a flavonoid compound with an antioxidant effect extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. However, the function and mechanism of wogonin in protecting brain injury remain to be elucidated. The present study established a TBI model of Sprague‑Dawley rats and treated them with wogonin following trauma. The results showed that wogonin treatment significantly reduced neurobehavioral disorders, brain edema and hippocampal neuron damage caused by TBI. It was found that in TBI rats, administration of wogonin increased the levels of antioxidant factors glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and significantly inhibited the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. western blotting data showed that wogonin exerted antioxidant activity by downregulating the level of NOX2 protein. In inhibiting cell apoptosis, wogonin upregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of TBI rats and inhibited caspase‑3 and Bax proteins. Additionally, wogonin inhibited the progression of injury following TBI through the PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor‑erythroid factor 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) signaling pathway. Wogonin increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt, Nrf2 and HO‑1 in the hippocampus of TBI rats. Following the administration of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the upregulation of these proteins by wogonin was partly reversed. In addition, LY294002 partially reversed the regulation of wogonin on NOX2, caspase‑3, Bax and Bcl‑2 proteins. Therefore, wogonin exerts antioxidant and anti‑apoptotic properties to prevent hippocampal damage following TBI, which is accomplished through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Ju
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjie Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medical, Linxi County People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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26
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang A, Li J, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. The neuroprotective mechanism of sevoflurane in rats with traumatic brain injury via FGF2. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 35177106 PMCID: PMC8855620 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of acquired brain injury, which is caused by external mechanical forces. Moreover, the neuroprotective role of sevoflurane (Sevo) has been identified in TBI. Therefore, this research was conducted to figure out the mechanism of Sevo in TBI via FGF2. Methods The key factors of neuroprotective effects of Sevo in TBI rats were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. A TBI model was induced on rats that then inhaled Sevo for 1 h and grouped via lentivirus injection. Modified Neurological Severity Score was adopted to evaluate neuronal damage in rats, followed by motor function and brain water content measurement. FGF2, EZH2, and HES1 expression in brain tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, and expression of related genes and autophagy factors by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess HES1 promoter methylation level, and ChIP assay to detect the enrichment of EZH2 in the HES1 promoter. Neuronal damage was assessed by cell immunofluorescence staining, and neuronal apoptosis by Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry. Results Sevo diminished brain edema, improved neurological scores, and decreased neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in TBI rats. Sevo preconditioning could upregulate FGF2 that elevated EZH2 expression, and EZH2 bound to the HES1 promoter to downregulate HES1 in TBI rats. Also, FGF2 or EZH2 overexpression or HES silencing decreased brain edema, neurological deficits, and neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in Sevo-treated TBI rats. Conclusions Our results provided a novel insight to the neuroprotective mechanism of Sevo in TBI rats by downregulating HES1 via FGF2/EZH2 axis activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Dilimulati D, Zhang L, Duan Y, Jia F. Effects of Injury Severity and Brain Temperature on KAT6A Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. BIO INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of neural changes. A comprehensive understanding of the injury-induced lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) response, particularly the temporal profile of biochemical alterations, is crucial to design effective therapeutic interventions.Methods: Experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The influence of post-traumatic hypothermia (32°C) or hyperthermia (39°C) on the temporal and regional expression profiles of KAT6A was assessed after moderate or severe TBI. qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of KAT6A in different groups.Results: In the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, significantly lower protein and mRNA expression of KAT6A was found after TBI than sham injury. Moreover, two expression minima of KAT6A were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the ipsilateral hemisphere. A decrease in injury severity was associated with lower levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but KAT6A mRNA at 48 h and protein at 72 h had alterations. Compared with normothermia and hyperthermia, post-traumatic hypothermia intensified the decrease in KAT6A at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, hyperthermia, as compared with normothermia, did not significantly affect the levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but triggered a significant increase in levels of KAT6A mRNA at 24 h and protein at 72 h. Furthermore, an overall upregulation of KAT6A after TBI was associated with greater injury severity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions: Post-traumatic hypothermia plays a key role in the regulation of KAT6A expression and thus may at least partially explain the phenotype of post-traumatic temperature in secondary injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilirebati Dilimulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Siwicka-Gieroba D, Dabrowski W. Credibility of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121352. [PMID: 34947883 PMCID: PMC8706648 DOI: 10.3390/life11121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The consequences of a TBI generate the activation and accumulation of inflammatory cells. The peak number of neutrophils entering into an injured brain is observed after 24 h; however, cells infiltrate within 5 min of closed brain injury. Neutrophils release toxic molecules including free radicals, proinflammatory cytokines, and proteases that advance secondary damage. Regulatory T cells impair T cell infiltration into the central nervous system and elevate reactive astrogliosis and interferon-γ gene expression, probably inducing the process of healing. Therefore, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a low-cost, objective, and available predictor of inflammation as well as a marker of secondary injury associated with neutrophil activation. Recent studies have documented that an NLR value on admission might be effective for predicting outcome and mortality in severe brain injury patients.
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29
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Yuan M, Wu H. Astrocytes in the Traumatic Brain Injury: the Good and the Bad. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113943. [PMID: 34863998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes control many processes of the nervous system in health and disease, and respond to injury quickly. Astrocytes produce neuroprotective factors in the injured brain to clear cellular debris and to orchestrate neurorestorative processes that are beneficial for neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, astrocytes also become dysregulated and produce cytotoxic mediators that hinder CNS repair by induction of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Hence, we discuss the potential role of astrocytes in neuropathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and blood-brain barrier repair after TBI. Thus, an improved understanding of the dual role of astrocytes may advance our knowledge of post-brain injury recovery, and provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), 102206 Beijing, China.
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30
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Guo R, Wang X, Fang Y, Chen X, Chen K, Huang W, Chen J, Hu J, Liang F, Du J, Dordoe C, Tian X, Lin L. rhFGF20 promotes angiogenesis and vascular repair following traumatic brain injury by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112200. [PMID: 34649342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of cerebrovascular disorders takes an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) by increasing intracranial pressure. Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor, that has been shown to play an important role in the survival of dopaminergic neurons and the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the role of FGF20 in the treatment of TBI and its underlying mechanism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of recombinant human FGF20 (rhFGF20) on protecting cerebral blood vessels after TBI. In this study, we indicated that rhFGF20 could reduce brain edema, Evans blue penetration and upregulated the expression of blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related tight junction (TJ) proteins, exerting a protective effect on the BBB in vivo after TBI. In the TBI repair phase, rhFGF20 promoted angiogenesis, neurological and cognitive function recovery. In tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), an in vitro BBB disruption model, rhFGF20 reversed the impairment in cell migration and tube formation induced by TNF-α. Moreover, in both the TBI mouse model and the in vitro model, rhFGF20 increased the expression of β-catenin and GSK3β, which are the two key regulators in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor IWR-1-endo significantly reversed the effects of rhFGF20. These results indicate that rhFGF20 may prevent vascular repair and angiogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yani Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiongjian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingting Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Confidence Dordoe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xianxi Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 315020, China.
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 315020, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China.
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The RhoGEF Trio: A Protein with a Wide Range of Functions in the Vascular Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810168. [PMID: 34576329 PMCID: PMC8467920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are controlled by small GTPases, which can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The RhoGEF Trio contains two GEF domains that differentially activate the small GTPases such as Rac1/RhoG and RhoA. These small RhoGTPases are mainly involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the endothelium, they regulate junctional stabilization and play a crucial role in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity. Multiple extracellular signals originating from different vascular processes can influence the activity of Trio and thereby the regulation of the forementioned small GTPases and actin cytoskeleton. This review elucidates how various signals regulate Trio in a distinct manner, resulting in different functional outcomes that are crucial for endothelial cell function in response to inflammation.
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10-O-(N N-Dimethylaminoethyl)-Ginkgolide B Methane-Sulfonate (XQ-1H) Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia Via Suppressing Neuronal Apoptosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105987. [PMID: 34273708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 10-O-(N N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methane-sulfonate (XQ-1H) is an effective novel drug for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease derived from Ginkgolide B, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether XQ-1H exerts neuroprotective effect via regulating neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of XQ-1H in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced neuronal apoptosis on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. RESULTS The results showed that administration of XQ-1H at different dosage (7.8, 15.6, 31.2 mg/kg) reduced the brain infarct and edema, attenuated the neuro-behavioral dysfunction, and improved cell morphology in brain tissue after MCAO/R in rats. Moreover, incubation with XQ-1H (1 µM, 3 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM) could increase the cell viability, and showed no toxic effect to PC-12 cells. XQ-1H at following 1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM decreased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and suppressed the cell apoptosis in PC-12 cells exposed to OGD/R. In addition, XQ-1H treatment could significantly inhibit caspase-3 activation both in vivo and in vitro, reciprocally modulate the expression of apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2, and bax via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. For mechanism verification, LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway was introduced the expressions of bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt were down-regulated, the expression of bax was up-regulated, indicating that XQ-1H could alleviate the cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that XQ-1H treatment could provide a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro through regulating neuronal survival and inhibiting apoptosis. The findings of the study confirmed that XQ-1H could be develop as a potential drug for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Kriaučiūnaitė K, Pociūtė A, Kaušylė A, Pajarskienė J, Verkhratsky A, Pivoriūnas A. Concentration-dependent duality of bFGF in regulation of barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7642-7654. [PMID: 33959949 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paracrine factors regulate the barrier properties of human brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). Understanding the precise mode of action of these factors remains a challenging task, because of the limited availability of functionally competent BCECs and the use of serum-containing medium. In the present study, we employed a defined protocol for producing BCECs from human inducible pluripotent stem cells. We found that autocrine secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is necessary for the establishment a tight BCECs barrier, as revealed by measurements of transendothelial electric resistance (TEER). In contrast, addition of exogenous bFGF in concentrations higher than 4 ng/ml inhibited TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. Exogenous bFGF did not significantly affect expression and distribution of tight junction proteins claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1. Treatment with FGF receptor blocker PD173074 (15 µM) suppressed inhibitory effects of bFGF and induced nuclear translocation of protein ZO-1. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI-3K) with LY294002 (25 µM) significantly potentiated an inhibitory effect of bFGF on TEER indicating that PI-3K signalling pathway counteracts bFGF modulation of TEER. In conclusion, we show that autocrine bFGF secretion is necessary for the proper barrier function of BCECs, whereas exogenous bFGF in higher doses suppresses barrier resistance. Our findings demonstrate a dual role for bFGF in the regulation of BCEC barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Kaušylė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Pajarskienė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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34
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Dordoe C, Chen K, Huang W, Chen J, Hu J, Wang X, Lin L. Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factors and Their Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671131. [PMID: 33967812 PMCID: PMC8102031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment remains a challenge. Complex pathological processes are involved in stroke, which causes a reduction in the supply of oxygen and energy to the brain that triggers subsequent cascade events, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis, resulting in brain injury. Stroke is a devastating disease for which there are few treatments, but physical rehabilitation can help improve stroke recovery. Although there are very few treatments for stroke patients, the discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in mammals has led to the finding that FGFs can effectively treat stroke in animal models. As presented in this review, FGFs play essential roles by functioning as homeostatic factors and controlling cells and hormones involved in metabolism. They could be used as effective therapeutic agents for stroke. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacological actions of FGFs on multiple targets, including their ability to directly promote neuron survival, enhance angiogenesis, protect against blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and regulate microglial modulation, in the treatment of ischemic stroke and their theoretical mechanisms and actions, as well as the therapeutic potential and limitations of FGFs for the clinical treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Confidence Dordoe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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35
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Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Ye Y, Hu X, Gu L, Xiong X. Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652647. [PMID: 33967696 PMCID: PMC8096981 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and mortality in the world, but the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS) is not completely clear and treatments are limited. Mounting evidence indicate that neovascularization is a critical defensive reaction to hypoxia that modulates the process of long-term neurologic recovery after IS. Angiogenesis is a complex process in which the original endothelial cells in blood vessels are differentiated, proliferated, migrated, and finally remolded into new blood vessels. Many immune cells and cytokines, as well as growth factors, are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Inflammatory cells can affect endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and activation by secreting a variety of cytokines via various inflammation-relative signaling pathways and thus participate in the process of angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hence, this review aimed to discuss the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in IS and to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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36
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Chen J, Wang X, Hu J, Du J, Dordoe C, Zhou Q, Huang W, Guo R, Han F, Guo K, Ye S, Lin L, Li X. FGF20 Protected Against BBB Disruption After Traumatic Brain Injury by Upregulating Junction Protein Expression and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:590669. [PMID: 33568994 PMCID: PMC7868342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the cerebral inflammatory response occurring after traumatic brain injury (TBI) facilitate further brain damage, which leads to long-term complications of TBI. Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20), a neurotrophic factor, plays important roles in brain development and neuronal homeostasis. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective effects of FGF20 on TBI via BBB maintenance. In the present study, recombinant human FGF20 (rhFGF20) reduced neurofunctional deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation and neuroinflammation in a TBI mouse model. In an in vitro TNF-α-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) model of BBB disruption, rhFGF20 reduced paracellular permeability and increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Both in the TBI mouse model and in vitro, rhFGF20 increased the expression of proteins composing in BBB-associated tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), and decreased the inflammatory response, which protected the BBB integrity. Notably, rhFGF20 preserved BBB function by activating the AKT/GSK3β pathway and inhibited the inflammatory response by regulating the JNK/NFκB pathway. Thus, FGF20 is a potential candidate treatment for TBI that protects the BBB by upregulating junction protein expression and inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingting Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Confidence Dordoe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruili Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China
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Ye LX, An NC, Huang P, Li DH, Zheng ZL, Ji H, Li H, Chen DQ, Wu YQ, Xiao J, Xu K, Li XK, Zhang HY. Exogenous platelet-derived growth factor improves neurovascular unit recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:765-771. [PMID: 33063740 PMCID: PMC8067950 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-spinal cord barrier plays a vital role in recovery after spinal cord injury. The neurovascular unit concept emphasizes the relationship between nerves and vessels in the brain, while the effect of the blood-spinal cord barrier on the neurovascular unit is rarely reported in spinal cord injury studies. Mouse models of spinal cord injury were established by heavy object impact and then immediately injected with platelet-derived growth factor (80 μg/kg) at the injury site. Our results showed that after platelet-derived growth factor administration, spinal cord injury, neuronal apoptosis, and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability were reduced, excessive astrocyte proliferation and the autophagy-related apoptosis signaling pathway were inhibited, collagen synthesis was increased, and mouse locomotor function was improved. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were established by exposure to 200 μM H2O2. At 2 hours prior to injury, in vitro cell models were treated with 5 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor. Our results showed that expression of blood-spinal cord barrier-related proteins, including Occludin, Claudin 5, and β-catenin, was significantly decreased and autophagy was significantly reduced. Additionally, the protective effects of platelet-derived growth factor could be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, for 3 successive days prior to spinal cord injury. Our findings suggest that platelet-derived growth factor can promote endothelial cell repair by regulating autophagy, improve the function of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and promote the recovery of locomotor function post-spinal cord injury. Approval for animal experiments was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee, Wenzhou Medical University, China (approval No. wydw2018-0043) in July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning-Chen An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Duo-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Long Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The sixth affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Da-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Jiang Y, Zhang C, Wang T. bFGF ameliorates intestinal mucosal permeability and barrier function through tight junction proteins in burn injury rats. Burns 2020; 47:1129-1136. [PMID: 33422356 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD To investigate the protective effect of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment on the intestinal mucosa in scalded rats. METHODS Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12): sham group, scald group and bFGF group (0.5 mg/kg). Intestinal barrier dysfunction was evaluated by permeability of intestinal mucosa to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and Chiu's grading system. H&E staining was used to detect the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, occludin and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). RESULTS The results demonstrated that following bFGF treatment, permeability of the intestinal epithelium barrier of was significantly decreased compared to scald group. H&E staining and Chiu's grading were consistent with previous result. The expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, occludin in bFGF group were significantly increased compared to scald group, while MLCK protein was decreased. CONCLUSIONS bFGF ameliorates permeability of intestinal mucosa after burns. The possible mechanism may be relate to bFGF could increase the expression level of tight junction proteins (TJPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tingli Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Guo Y, Chen H, Wang QJ, Qi X, Li Q, Fu W, Huang J, Yao CY, Liu ZY, Wang MZ, An L, Tian JH, Wu ZH. Prolonged melatonin treatment promote testicular recovery by enhancing RAC1-mediated apoptotic cell clearance and cell junction-dependent spermatogensis after heat stress. Theriogenology 2020; 162:22-31. [PMID: 33418161 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A decline in semen quality caused by global warming and torrid working conditions is a major cause of human male infertility, and heat stress-induced decreases in male reproductive ability results in economic losses in livestock husbandry. Increasing evidence suggests that melatonin exerts protective effects on stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in germ cells. However, few studies have assessed the effects of melatonin on testicular recovery during post-heat stress and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo studies using 8-week-old male CD-1 mice revealed that melatonin pretreatment (50 mg/kg for 5 days) did not alleviate heat stress-induced germ cell loss and disrupted testicular histomorphology, however, long-term melatonin administration after heat stress accelerated germ cell apoptosis, spermatogenic cell regeneration, and testicular weight recovery. In vitro studies demonstrated that melatonin enhanced RAC1 activity, resulting in increased phagocytosis of apoptotic germ cells by Sertoli cells. In addition, melatonin restored gap junctions and tight junctions after heat stress, thereby promoting hollow seminiferous tubule filling. DISCUSSION Long-term melatonin administration accelerated testicular recovery after heat stress by enhancing the phagocytotic activity of Sertoli cells and the regeneration of spermatogenic cells. This finding suggests that melatonin is a potential therapeutic for heat stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qiang-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Xiong J, Gao Y, Li X, Li K, Li Q, Shen J, Han Z, Zhang J. Losartan Treatment Could Improve the Outcome of TBI Mice. Front Neurol 2020; 11:992. [PMID: 33178092 PMCID: PMC7593661 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury frequently leads to serious mortality and physical disability, yet effective treatments remains insufficient. TBI always leads to a series of secondary brain injuries including neuronal apoptosis, continuous inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Sartans that block angiotensin II type 1 receptors are strongly neuroprotective, neurorestorative and anti-inflammatory. However, whether losartan, a FDA-approved and widely used drug for regulating blood pressure, is beneficial for improving the prognosis of TBI need more evidence. Through a controlled cortical impact injury mice model, we confirmed that losartan treatment could ameliorate CCI-induced secondary brain injury. We found that losartan treatment decreased brain lesion volume, neuronal apoptosis and ER stress protein ATF4 and eIF2α. Moreover, our results showed that losartan also improved neurological and motor function. It is worth pointing out that losartan increased the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and alleviated brain edema and blood brain barrier leakage. Additionally, losartan inhibited pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and improve anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Taken together, our data demonstrated that losartan could improve the prognosis of TBI and may be a promising therapeutic method for mitigating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenying Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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41
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Menet R, Lecordier S, ElAli A. Wnt Pathway: An Emerging Player in Vascular and Traumatic Mediated Brain Injuries. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565667. [PMID: 33071819 PMCID: PMC7530281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway, which comprises the canonical and non-canonical pathways, is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates crucial biological aspects throughout the development and adulthood. Emergence and patterning of the nervous and vascular systems are intimately coordinated, a process in which Wnt pathway plays particularly important roles. In the brain, Wnt ligands activate a cell-specific surface receptor complex to induce intracellular signaling cascades regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neuronal plasticity, synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, vascular stabilization, and inflammation. The Wnt pathway is tightly regulated in the adult brain to maintain neurovascular functions. Historically, research in neuroscience has emphasized essentially on investigating the pathway in neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, emerging findings have demonstrated that the pathway is deregulated in vascular- and traumatic-mediated brain injuries. These findings are suggesting that the pathway constitutes a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic protective and restorative interventions. Yet, targeting a complex multifunctional signal transduction pathway remains a major challenge. The review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the implication of Wnt pathway in the pathobiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the review will present the strategies used so far to manipulate the pathway for therapeutic purposes as to highlight potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Xiong R, Zhou XG, Tang Y, Wu JM, Sun YS, Teng JF, Pan R, Law BYK, Zhao Y, Qiu WQ, Wang XL, Liu S, Wang YL, Yu L, Yu CL, Mei QB, Qin DL, Wu AG. Lychee seed polyphenol protects the blood-brain barrier through inhibiting Aβ(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-mediated autophagy in bEnd.3 cells and APP/PS1 mice. Phytother Res 2020; 35:954-973. [PMID: 32893437 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is closely linked to the release of proinflammatory cytokines in brain capillary endothelial cells. We have previously reported that lychee seed polyphenols (LSP) exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effect. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective effect of LSP on BBB integrity. The monolayer permeability of bEnd.3 cells, and the mRNA level and protein expression of tight junction proteins (TJs), including Claudin 5, Occludin, and ZO-1, were examined. In addition, the inhibition of Aβ(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the autophagy induced by LSP were investigated by detecting the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, LC3, AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1. Furthermore, the cognitive function and the expression of TJs, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and p62 were determined in APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that LSP significantly decreased the monolayer permeability and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in Aβ(25-35)-induced bEnd3 cells. In addition, LSP induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in bEnd.3 cells, and improved the spatial learning and memory function, increased the TJs expression, and inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and p62 in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, LSP protects BBB integrity in AD through inhibiting Aβ(25-35)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue-Shan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jin-Feng Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiao Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Linville RM, DeStefano JG, Sklar MB, Chu C, Walczak P, Searson PC. Modeling hyperosmotic blood-brain barrier opening within human tissue-engineered in vitro brain microvessels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1517-1532. [PMID: 31394959 PMCID: PMC7308510 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19867980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the majority of therapeutic agents do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), transient BBB opening (BBBO) is one strategy to enable delivery into the brain for effective treatment of CNS disease. Intra-arterial infusion of the hyperosmotic agent mannitol reversibly opens the BBB; however, widespread clinical use has been limited due to the variability in outcomes. The current model for mannitol-induced BBBO assumes a transient but homogeneous increase in permeability; however, the details are poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanism of hyperosmotic opening at the cellular level, we developed a tissue-engineered microvessel model using stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) perturbed with clinically relevant mannitol doses. This model recapitulates physiological shear stress, barrier function, microvessel geometry, and cell-matrix interactions. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mannitol results in dose-dependent and spatially heterogeneous increases in paracellular permeability through the formation of transient focal leaks. Additionally, we find that the degree of BBB opening and subsequent recovery is modulated by treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor. These results show that tissue-engineered BBB models can provide insight into the mechanisms of BBBO and hence improve the reproducibility of hyperosmotic therapies for treatment of CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raleigh M Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jackson G DeStefano
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matt B Sklar
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Stubbs EB. Targeting the blood-nerve barrier for the management of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113385. [PMID: 32562668 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy peripheral nerves encounter, with increased frequency, numerous chemical, biological, and biomechanical forces. Over time and with increasing age, these forces collectively contribute to the pathophysiology of a spectrum of traumatic, metabolic, and/or immune-mediated peripheral nerve disorders. The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) serves as a critical first-line defense against chemical and biologic insults while biomechanical forces are continuously buffered by a dense array of longitudinally orientated epineural collagen fibers exhibiting high-tensile strength. As emphasized throughout this Experimental Neurology Special Issue, the BNB is best characterized as a functionally dynamic multicellular vascular unit comprised of not only highly specialized endoneurial endothelial cells, but also associated perineurial cells, pericytes, Schwann cells, basement membrane, and invested axons. The composition of the BNB, while anatomically distinct, is not functionally dissimilar to that of the well characterized neurovascular unit of the central nervous system. While the BNB lacks a glial limitans and an astrocytic endfoot layer, the primary function of both vascular units is to establish, maintain, and protect an optimal endoneurial (PNS) or interstitial (CNS) fluid microenvironment that is vital for proper neuronal function. Altered endoneurial homeostasis as a secondary consequence of BNB dysregulation is considered an early pathological event in the course of a variety of traumatic, immune-mediated, or metabolically acquired peripheral neuropathies. In this review, emerging experimental advancements targeting the endoneurial microvasculature for the therapeutic management of immune-mediated inflammatory peripheral neuropathies, including the AIDP variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Stubbs
- Research Service (151), Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Health Science Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Zhang B, Gao Y, Li Q, Sun D, Dong X, Li X, Xin W, Zhang J. Effects of Brain-Derived Mitochondria on the Function of Neuron and Vascular Endothelial Cell After Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:e1-e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cash A, Theus MH. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093344. [PMID: 32397302 PMCID: PMC7246537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and heterogeneity in TBIs, investigation into the secondary injury is necessary in order to formulate an effective treatment. A mechanical consequence of trauma involves dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which contributes to secondary injury and exposure of peripheral components to the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms of BBB breakdown in TBI including novel intracellular signaling and cell–cell interactions within the BBB niche. The current review provides an overview of the BBB, novel detection methods for disruption, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in regulating its stability following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-540-231-0909; Fax: 1-540-231-7425
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VX765 Attenuates Pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF- κB Pathways to Improve Functional Outcomes in TBI Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7879629. [PMID: 32377306 PMCID: PMC7181015 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7879629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to temporary or permanent damage to brain function caused by penetrating objects or blunt force trauma. TBI activates inflammasome-mediated pathways and other cell death pathways to remove inactive and damaged cells, however, they are also harmful to the central nervous system. The newly discovered cell death pattern termed pyroptosis has become an area of interest. It mainly relies on caspase-1-mediated pathways, leading to cell death. Methods Our research focus is VX765, a known caspase-1 inhibitor which may offer neuroprotection after the process of TBI. We established a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model and then controlled the degree of pyroptosis in TBI with VX765. The effects of caspase-1 inhibition on inflammatory response, pyroptosis, blood-brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis, and microglia activation, in addition to neurological deficits, were investigated. Results We found that TBI led to NOD-like receptors (NLRs) as well as absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the damaged cerebral cortex. VX765 curbed the expressions of indispensable inflammatory subunits (caspase-1 as well as key downstream proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-18). It also inhibited gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and apoptosis-associated spot-like protein (ASC) oligomerization in the injured cortex. In addition to the above, VX765 also inhibited the inflammatory activity of the high-mobility cassette -1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappa B) pathway. By inhibiting pyroptosis and inflammatory mediator expression, we demonstrated that VX765 can decrease blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, apoptosis, and microglia polarization to exhibit its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion In conclusion, VX765 can counteract neurological damage after TBI by reducing pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway activities. VX765 may have a good therapeutic effect on TBI.
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Astrocytic YAP Promotes the Formation of Glia Scars and Neural Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2644-2662. [PMID: 32066583 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2229-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional coactivator is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway and functions in controlling the size of multiple organs, such as liver during development. However, it is not clear whether YAP signaling participates in the process of the formation of glia scars after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in astrocytes of C57BL/6 male mice after SCI in a Hippo pathway-dependent manner. Conditional knockout (KO) of yap in astrocytes significantly inhibited astrocytic proliferation, impaired the formation of glial scars, inhibited the axonal regeneration, and impaired the behavioral recovery of C57BL/6 male mice after SCI. Mechanistically, the bFGF was upregulated after SCI and induced the activation of YAP through RhoA pathways, thereby promoting the formation of glial scars. Additionally, YAP promoted bFGF-induced proliferation by negatively controlling nuclear distribution of p27Kip1 mediated by CRM1. Finally, bFGF or XMU-MP-1 (an inhibitor of Hippo kinase MST1/2 to activate YAP) injection indeed activated YAP signaling and promoted the formation of glial scars and the functional recovery of mice after SCI. These findings suggest that YAP promotes the formation of glial scars and neural regeneration of mice after SCI, and that the bFGF-RhoA-YAP-p27Kip1 pathway positively regulates astrocytic proliferation after SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glial scars play critical roles in neuronal regeneration of CNS injury diseases, such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we provide evidence for the function of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the formation of glial scars after SCI through regulation of astrocyte proliferation. As a downstream of bFGF (which is upregulated after SCI), YAP promotes the proliferation of astrocytes through negatively controlling nuclear distribution of p27Kip1 mediated by CRM1. Activation of YAP by bFGF or XMU-MP-1 injection promotes the formation of glial scar and the functional recovery of mice after SCI. These results suggest that the bFGF-RhoA-YAP-p27Kip1 axis for the formation of glial scars may be a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI patients.
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Chen P, Tang H, Zhang Q, Xu L, Zhou W, Hu X, Deng Y, Zhang L. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier by Binding of FGFR1 and Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway After Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Traumatic Brain Injury. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922009. [PMID: 32036381 PMCID: PMC7029819 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. IAH leads to intra-abdominal tissue damage and causes dysfunction in distal organs such as the brain. The effect of a combined injury due to IAH and traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has not been investigated. Material/Methods Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, brain water content, EB permeability detection, immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis were used to examine the effects of IAH and TBI on the BBB in rats, and to characterize the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on combined injury-induced BBB damage. Results Combined injury from IAH and TBI to the BBB resulted in brain edema and increased intracranial pressure. The effects of bFGF on alleviating the rat BBB injuries were determined, indicating that bFGF regulated the expression levels of the tight junction (TJ), adhesion junction (AJ), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and IL-1β, as well as reduced BBB permeability, brain edema, and intracranial pressure. Moreover, the FGFR1 antagonist PD 173074 and the ERK antagonist PD 98059 decreased the protective effects of bFGF. Conclusions bFGF effectively protected the BBB from damage caused by combined injury from IAH and TBI, and binding of FGFR1 and activation of the ERK signaling pathway was involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qingtao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yongbing Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lianyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA), Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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50
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Beard RS, Hoettels BA, Meegan JE, Wertz TS, Cha BJ, Yang X, Oxford JT, Wu MH, Yuan SY. AKT2 maintains brain endothelial claudin-5 expression and selective activation of IR/AKT2/FOXO1-signaling reverses barrier dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:374-391. [PMID: 30574832 PMCID: PMC7370624 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18817512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and microvascular leakage are associated with a host of neurological disorders. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is a crucial protein necessary for BBB integrity and maintenance. CLDN5 is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor FOXO1, whose activity increases during impaired insulin/AKT signaling. Owing to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CLDN5 expression in BBB maintenance and dysfunction, therapeutic interventions remain underdeveloped. Here, we show a novel isoform-specific function for AKT2 in maintenance of BBB integrity. We identified that AKT2 during homeostasis specifically regulates CLDN5-dependent barrier integrity in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and that intervention with a selective insulin-receptor (IR) agonist, demethylasterriquinone B1 (DMAQ-B1), rescued IL-1β-induced AKT2 inactivation, FOXO1 nuclear accumulation, and loss of CLDN5-dependent barrier integrity. Moreover, DMAQ-B1 attenuated preclinical CLDN5-dependent BBB dysfunction in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Taken together, the data suggest a regulatory role for IR/AKT2/FOXO1-signaling in CLDN5 expression and BBB integrity during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Brian A Hoettels
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Travis S Wertz
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Byeong J Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julia T Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences and
Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of
Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of
Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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