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Pokala A, Kraft J, Taormina VM, Michalski MC, Vors C, Torres-Gonzalez M, Bruno RS. Whole milk dairy foods and cardiometabolic health: dairy fat and beyond. Nutr Res 2024; 126:99-122. [PMID: 38669850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bovine dairy milk is a nutrient-rich matrix, but consumption of full-fat dairy food varieties has been claimed historically to be associated with poorer cardiometabolic health, a notion often attributed to the saturated fat content. However, continued investigation that includes observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide evidence that favorably supports full-fat dairy foods and their bioactive components on cardiometabolic health. This review addresses this controversy by examining the evidence surrounding full-fat dairy foods and their implications for human health. Dairy foods are heterogeneous, not just in their fat content but also in other compositional aspects within and between fermented (e.g., yogurt, cheese) and nonfermented products (e.g., milk) that could differentially influence cardiometabolic health. Drawing from complementary lines of evidence from epidemiological studies and RCTs, this review describes the health effects of dairy foods regarding their fat content, as well as their polar lipids that are concentrated in the milk fat globule fraction. Observational studies have limitedly supported the consumption of full-fat dairy to protect against cardiometabolic disorders. However, this framework has been disputed by RCTs indicating that dairy foods, regardless of their fat content or fermentation, are not detrimental to cardiometabolic health and may instead alleviate certain cardiometabolic risk factors. As dietary recommendations evolve, which currently indicate to avoid full-fat dairy foods, it is essential to consider the totality of evidence, especially from RCTs, while also recognizing that investigation is needed to evaluate the complexity of dairy foods within diverse dietary patterns and their impacts on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Victoria M Taormina
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INRAE, UMR1397, Inserm, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, Pierre-Bénite, FR
| | - Cécile Vors
- INRAE, UMR1397, Inserm, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, Pierre-Bénite, FR
| | | | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
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Pellay H, Thomas A, Baillet M, Helmer C, Catheline G, Marmonier C, Samieri C, Féart C. Dairy products and brain structure in French older adults. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:512-520. [PMID: 37694377 PMCID: PMC10784124 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Among food groups with putative benefits for brain structures, dairy products (DP) have been poorly studied. The sample included participants without dementia from the ancillary brain imaging study of the Three-City cohort who were aged 65+ years, had their DP intake assessed with a FFQ at baseline and underwent an anatomical scan 3 years (n 343) or 9 years (n 195) after completing the dietary survey. The frequencies of consumption of total DP, milk and cheese were not associated with brain structure. Compared with the lowest frequency, the highest frequency of fresh DP (F-DP) consumption (< 0·5 v. > 1·5 times/d) was significantly associated with a lower medial temporal lobe volume (MTLV) (β = -1·09 cm3, 95 % CI - 1·83, -0·36) 9 years later. In this population-based study of older adults, the consumption of F-DP more than 1·5 times/d was associated with a lower MTLV, which is considered an early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, 9 years later. This original study should be replicated in different settings before conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Pellay
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNIEL, Service Recherche Nutrition-Santé, F-75009 Paris, France
| | - Aline Thomas
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Baillet
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwénaëlle Catheline
- Universty of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire Neuroimagerie et vie quotidienne, EPHE-PSL, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Cécilia Samieri
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Féart
- Universty of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Linehan K, Patangia DV, Ross RP, Stanton C. Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review. Foods 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38397527 PMCID: PMC10887702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products in the last two decades. This review aims to compare the production, nutritional, and compositional properties of milk produced by conventional and organic dairy management systems. We also shed light on the health benefits of milk and the worldwide scenario of the organic dairy production system. Most reports suggest milk has beneficial health effects with very few, if any, adverse effects reported. Organic milk is reported to confer additional benefits due to its lower omega-6-omega-3 ratio, which is due to the difference in feeding practices, with organic cows predominantly pasture fed. Despite the testified animal, host, and environmental benefits, organic milk production is difficult in several regions due to the cost-intensive process and geographical conditions. Finally, we offer perspectives for a better future and highlight knowledge gaps in the organic dairy management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati V. Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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Patel N, Dinesh S, Sharma S. From Gut to Glucose: A Comprehensive Review on Functional Foods and Dietary Interventions for Diabetes Management. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e111023222081. [PMID: 37861021 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998266653231005072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the realm of diabetes research, considerable attention has been directed toward elucidating the intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal tract and glucose regulation. The gastrointestinal tract, once exclusively considered for its role in digestion and nutrient assimilation, is presently acknowledged as a multifaceted ecosystem with regulatory supremacy over metabolic homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Recent studies indicate that alterations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota could potentially influence the regulation of glucose levels and glucose homeostasis in the body. Dysbiosis, characterized by perturbations in the equilibrium of gut microbial constituents, has been irrevocably linked to an augmented risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, research has revealed the potential influence of the gut microbiota on important factors, like inflammation and insulin sensitivity, which are key contributors to the onset and progression of diabetes. The key protagonists implicated in the regulation of glucose encompass the gut bacteria, gut barrier integrity, and the gut-brain axis. A viable approach to enhance glycemic control while concurrently mitigating the burden of comorbidities associated with diabetes resides in the strategic manipulation of the gut environment through adapted dietary practices. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide a deep understanding of the complex relationship between gut health, glucose metabolism, and diabetes treatment. CONCLUSION This study has presented an exhaustive overview of dietary therapies and functional foods that have undergone extensive research to explore their potential advantages in the management of diabetes. It looks into the role of gut health in glucose regulation, discusses the impact of different dietary elements on the course of diabetes, and evaluates how well functional foods can help with glycemic control. Furthermore, it investigates the mechanistic aspects of these therapies, including their influence on insulin sensitivity, β-cell activity, and inflammation. It deliberates on the limitations and potential prospects associated with integrating functional foods into personalized approaches to diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
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Medina M, Cureau FV, Schaan BD, Leotti VB, Rosa PBZ, Pereira MA, Drehmer M. Association between dairy products consumption and the prevalences of combined prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2162-2173. [PMID: 37323002 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The association between dairy products consumption in adults and the likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been described, but more information on the adolescent population is needed. This nationally representative, cross-sectional school-based study aimed to describe the consumption of dairy products and their subtypes and to evaluate their association with prediabetes and T2DM in adolescents. The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) includes adolescents aged 12-17 years. Dairy products consumption was evaluated by 24-h food recall. Associations with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance, as measured by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were evaluated by multivariate linear regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the association between dairy products consumption and the combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioural and anthropometrics. The final sample analysed consisted of 35 614 adolescents. Total intake of dairy products was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose levels after adjusting for all covariates (β = -0·452, 95 % CI -0·899, -0·005). The associations were stronger for overweight and obese adolescents. Findings were similar for full-fat dairy products and yogurt. Higher consumption of low-fat dairy products and cheese were associated with a 46 % (prevalence ratio, PR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·80) and 33 % (PR 1·33, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·57) higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, respectively. The total consumption of dairy products and full-fat dairy products was associated with a lower combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, while the consumption of cheese and low-fat dairy products was associated with higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Medina
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Felipe Vogt Cureau
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Priscila Bárbara Zanini Rosa
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michele Drehmer
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Slurink IA, Corpeleijn E, Bakker SJ, Jongerling J, Kupper N, Smeets T, Soedamah-Muthu SS. Dairy consumption and incident prediabetes: prospective associations and network models in the large population-based Lifelines Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:1077-1090. [PMID: 37813340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on associations between dairy consumption and incident prediabetes is inconsistent. One potential explanation for heterogeneity is that health behavior and food intake covary with the consumption of various high-fat and low-fat dairy types. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the associations of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes and to assess how dairy intake is linked with metabolic risk factors, lifestyle behaviors, and foods, as potential explanations for these associations. METHODS Overall, 74,132 participants from the prospective population-based Lifelines study were included (mean age, 45.5 ± 12.3 y; 59.7% female). Baseline dairy intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Prediabetes at follow-up was defined based on the World Health Organization/International Expert Committee criteria as fasting plasma glucose of 110-125 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin concentrations of 6.0%-6.5%. Associations were analyzed using Poisson regression models adjusted for social demographics, lifestyle behaviors, family history of diabetes, and food group intake. Interconnections were assessed with mixed graphical model networks. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 4.1 ± 1.1 y, 2746 participants developed prediabetes (3.7%). In regression analyses, neutral associations were found for most dairy types. Intake of plain milk and low-fat milk were associated with a higher risk of prediabetes in the top compared with bottom quartiles (relative risk [RR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.30; P-trend = 0.04 and RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.31; P-trend =0.01). Strong but nonsignificant effect estimates for high-fat yogurt in relation to prediabetes were found (RRservings/day: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.01). The network analysis showed that low-fat milk clustered with energy-dense foods, including bread, meat, and high-fat cheese, whereas high-fat yogurt had no clear link with lifestyle risk factors and food intake. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of Dutch adults, low-fat milk intake was associated with higher prediabetes risk. Heterogeneous associations by dairy type and fat content might partly be attributed to confounding caused by behaviors and food intake related to dairy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Al Slurink
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Jl Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joran Jongerling
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Kupper
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Smeets
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Zhang S, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Gu Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Borné Y, Sonestedt E, Ma L, Qi L, Niu K. Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results of a large prospective cohort. Food Funct 2023; 14:9695-9706. [PMID: 37811566 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: Previous studies of primarily Western populations have consistently documented a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among people with a higher yogurt intake, but an inconsistent association with milk intake. However, little is known about the association between dairy intake and risk of T2D among Chinese adults who consume considerably less dairy (mainly milk and yogurt) compared with Western populations. The aim is to investigate the associations of dairy intake with the risk of incident T2D in the general adult population in China. Methods: This cohort study consisted of 22 843 participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at the baseline. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline (2013-2018); dairy intake was categorized into tertiles after zero consumers were taken as the reference. Incident T2D was ascertained by medical examinations and self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes during follow-up visits. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 735 incident T2D cases were recorded over a median follow-up of 4.0 years. Relative to zero consumers, the HRs (95% CIs) for incident T2D among participants in the highest tertiles were 0.70 (0.57, 0.87) for total dairy, 0.73 (0.60, 0.90) for milk, and 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) for yogurt. Such associations were slightly attenuated by additional adjustment for the body mass index. In addition, such inverse associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and consistent in most of the subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. Conclusion: Higher intakes of total dairy, milk, and yogurt were all associated with a lower risk of T2D among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ge Meng
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaijun Niu
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nutrition and Radiation Epidemiology Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Sumi K, Tagawa R, Yamazaki K, Nakayama K, Ichimura T, Sanbongi C, Nakazato K. Nutritional Value of Yogurt as a Protein Source: Digestibility/Absorbability and Effects on Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:4366. [PMID: 37892442 PMCID: PMC10609537 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yogurt is a traditional fermented food that is accepted worldwide for its high palatability and various health values. The milk protein contained in yogurt exhibits different physical and biological properties from those of non-fermented milk protein due to the fermentation and manufacturing processes. These differences are suggested to affect the time it takes to digest and absorb milk protein, which in turn will influence the blood levels of amino acids and/or hormones, such as insulin, and thereby, the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis via the activation of intracellular signaling, such as the mTORC1 pathway. In addition, based on the relationship between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle conditions, yogurt, including lactic acid bacteria and its metabolites, has been evaluated for its role as a protein source. However, the substantial value of yogurt as a protein source and the additional health benefits on skeletal muscle are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on the digestion and absorption characteristics of yogurt protein, its effect on skeletal muscle, and the contribution of lactic acid bacterial fermentation to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Sumi
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tagawa
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Kae Yamazaki
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nakayama
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ichimura
- Next Generation Monozukuri Research Department, Food Science & Technology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sanbongi
- Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sports Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan;
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Jacobo Cejudo MG, Ochoa-Rosales C, Ahmadizar F, Kavousi M, Geleijnse JM, Voortman T. The healthy beverage index is not associated with insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes risk in the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3021-3031. [PMID: 37488428 PMCID: PMC10468439 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether beverage quality affects changes in glycaemic traits and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is unknown. We examined associations of a previously developed Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) with insulin resistance, and risk of prediabetes and T2D. METHODS We included 6769 participants (59% female, 62.0 ± 7.8 years) from the Rotterdam Study cohort free of diabetes at baseline. Diet was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. The HBI included 10 components (energy from beverages, meeting fluid requirements, water, coffee and tea, low-fat milk, diet drinks, juices, alcohol, full-fat milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages), with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score represents a healthier beverage pattern. Data on study outcomes were available from 1993 to 2015. Multivariable linear mixed models and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to examine associations of the HBI (per 10 points increment) with two measurements of HOMA-IR (a proxy for insulin resistance), and risk of prediabetes and T2D. RESULTS During follow-up, we documented 1139 prediabetes and 784 T2D cases. Mean ± SD of the HBI was 66.8 ± 14.4. Higher HBI score was not associated with HOMA-IR (β: 0.003; 95% CI - 0.007, 0.014), or with risk of prediabetes (HR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.97, 1.06), or T2D (HR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.07). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest no major role for overall beverage intake quality assessed with the HBI in insulin resistance, prediabetes and T2D incidence. The HBI may not be an adequate tool to assess beverage intake quality in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Jacobo Cejudo
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Givens DI. Dairy foods and cardiometabolic diseases: an update and a reassessment of the impact of SFA. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:329-345. [PMID: 36740241 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD are major causes of mortality and chronic morbidity. Whilst mortality from CVD has decreased they remain the largest cause of death in Europe and the prevalence of T2D is increasing rapidly. A consistent component of public health advice is to reduce intake of SFA to reduce CVD in particular, which implies limiting dairy food consumption. The prospective studies and randomised controlled trials included in this review show that for dairy foods at least, SFA are not consistently associated with CVD or T2D risk. For CVD the association with dairy foods is generally neutral despite dairy foods being the major source of SFA in many diets. This creates considerable doubt, at least for dairy foods, concerning the validity of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis which positively relates SFA intake to increased serum LDL-cholesterol and subsequent increased CVD. There is now emerging evidence to explain this which is highly relevant to dairy foods. These include the potentially counterbalancing effect of SFA-stimulated HDL-cholesterol and specific food matrix factors. In addition, SFA are associated with the less atherogenic large buoyant LDL particles and possible counterbalancing hypotensive effects of dairy proteins. Overall, dairy foods have either a neutral or beneficial association with CVD and T2D. Beneficial associations are seen for blood pressure and the reduced T2D risk linked to yoghurt consumption, a subject that needs urgent attention given the sharp rise in T2D prevalence in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
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11
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Lampousi AM, Carlsson S, Löfvenborg JE, Cabrera-Castro N, Chirlaque MD, Fagherazzi G, Franks PW, Hampe CS, Jakszyn P, Koulman A, Kyrø C, Moreno-Iribas C, Nilsson PM, Panico S, Papier K, van der Schouw YT, Schulze MB, Weiderpass E, Zamora-Ros R, Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, Rolandsson O, Wareham NJ. Interaction between plasma phospholipid odd-chain fatty acids and GAD65 autoantibodies on the incidence of adult-onset diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1460-1471. [PMID: 37301794 PMCID: PMC10317878 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet autoimmunity may progress to adult-onset diabetes. We investigated whether circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) 15:0 and 17:0, which are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, interact with autoantibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Ab) on the incidence of adult-onset diabetes. METHODS We used the European EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study including 11,124 incident adult-onset diabetes cases and a subcohort of 14,866 randomly selected individuals. Adjusted Prentice-weighted Cox regression estimated HRs and 95% CIs of diabetes in relation to 1 SD lower plasma phospholipid 15:0 and/or 17:0 concentrations or their main contributor, dairy intake, among GAD65Ab-negative and -positive individuals. Interactions between tertiles of OCFA and GAD65Ab status were estimated by proportion attributable to interaction (AP). RESULTS Low concentrations of OCFA, particularly 17:0, were associated with a higher incidence of adult-onset diabetes in both GAD65Ab-negative (HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.48, 1.64]) and GAD65Ab-positive (HR 1.69 [95% CI 1.34, 2.13]) individuals. The combination of low 17:0 and high GAD65Ab positivity vs high 17:0 and GAD65Ab negativity conferred an HR of 7.51 (95% CI 4.83, 11.69), with evidence of additive interaction (AP 0.25 [95% CI 0.05, 0.45]). Low dairy intake was not associated with diabetes incidence in either GAD65Ab-negative (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.94, 1.02]) or GAD65Ab-positive individuals (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.79, 1.18]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Low plasma phospholipid 17:0 concentrations may promote the progression from GAD65Ab positivity to adult-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Lampousi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin E Löfvenborg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christiane S Hampe
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Slurink IA, Chen L, Magliano DJ, Kupper N, Smeets T, Soedamah-Muthu SS. Dairy product consumption and incident prediabetes in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study with 12 years follow up. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)35505-6. [PMID: 37003506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating modifiable risk factors of early stages of the development of type 2 diabetes is essential for effective prevention. Some studies show protective associations between dairy and prediabetes, yet associations are heterogenous by type and fat content of dairy foods. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the consumption of dairy, including different types of dairy products and the risk of prediabetes. METHODS The study included 4,891 participants with normal glucose tolerance (aged 49.0±12.3 years, 57% female) of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, a longitudinal population-based study. Dairy intake was measured at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Prediabetes at 5-year and 12-year follow-up was defined according to WHO criteria as fasting plasma glucose levels of 110-125 mg/dl or 2-hour plasma glucose levels of 140-199 mg/dl. Associations were analyzed using Poisson regression, adjusted for social demographics, lifestyle behaviors, family history of diabetes, and food group intake. RESULTS 765 (15.6%) incident cases of prediabetes were observed. The mean intake of dairy foods was 2.4±1.2 servings/day, mostly consisting of low-fat milk (0.70±0.78) and high-fat milk (0.47±0.72). A higher intake of high-fat dairy (RRservings/day, 0.92, 95%CI 0.85-1.00), high-fat milk (0.89, 0.80-0.99), and total cheese (0.74, 0.56-0.96)was associated with lower prediabetes risk. Low-fat milk intake was associated non-linearly with prediabetes risk. Low-fat dairy foods, total milk, yogurt, low-fat cheese, and ice cream were not associated with prediabetes risk. CONCLUSION In this large Australian cohort, protective associations were found for high-fat dairy types, while neutral associations were seen for low-fat dairy. Studies with more detail on sugar content of types of dairy foods and products eaten with dairy foods (e.g., cereals or jam), as well as studies into potential causal mechanisms of the health effects of dairy intake are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Al Slurink
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Lei Chen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Kupper
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Smeets
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR United Kingdom
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13
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Mente A, Britz-McKibbin P, Yusuf S. Improving precision in estimating diet-disease relationships with metabolomics. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:570-572. [PMID: 36424762 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Poli A, Catapano AL, Corsini A, Manzato E, Werba JP, Catena G, Cetin I, Cicero AFG, Cignarella A, Colivicchi F, Consoli A, Landi F, Lucarelli M, Manfellotto D, Marrocco W, Parretti D, Perrone Filardi P, Pirillo A, Sesti G, Volpe M, Marangoni F. LDL-cholesterol control in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An expert opinion for clinicians and health professionals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:245-257. [PMID: 36566123 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although adequate clinical management of patients with hypercholesterolemia without a history of known cardiovascular disease is essential for prevention, these subjects are often disregarded. Furthermore, the scientific literature on primary cardiovascular prevention is not as rich as that on secondary prevention; finally, physicians often lack adequate tools for the effective management of subjects in primary prevention and have to face some unsolved relevant issues. This document aims to discuss and review the evidence available on this topic and provide practical guidance. DATA SYNTHESIS Available algorithms and risk charts represent the main tool for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients in primary prevention. The accuracy of such an estimate can be substantially improved considering the potential contribution of some additional risk factors (C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), family history of cardiovascular disease) and conditions (environmental pollution, sleep quality, socioeconomic status, educational level) whose impact on the cardiovascular risk has been better understood in recent years. The availability of non-invasive procedures to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis may help to identify subjects needing an earlier intervention. Unveiling the presence of these conditions will improve cardiovascular risk estimation, granting a more appropriate intervention. CONCLUSIONS The accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk in subjects in primary prevention with the use of algorithms and risk charts together with the evaluation of additional factors will allow physicians to approach each patient with personalized strategies, which should translate into an increased adherence to therapy and, as a consequence, a reduced cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poli
- NFI - Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; SISA - Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Italy
| | - José Pablo Werba
- Unit of Atherosclerosis Prevention, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Hospital Buzzi, Milan, University of Milan, Italy; SIGO - Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, IRCCS AOU di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; SINut - Italian Nutraceutical Society, Italy
| | - Andrea Cignarella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Italian Research Center for Gender Health and Medicine, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy; ANMCO - Italian National Association of Hospital Cardiologists, Italy
| | - Agostino Consoli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; SID - Italian Society of Diabetology, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; SIGG - Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lucarelli
- SNaMID - National Society of Medical Education in General Practice, Italy
| | - Dario Manfellotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy; FADOI - Federation of Associations of Hospital Internists, Italy
| | - Walter Marrocco
- SIMPeSV and FIMMG - Italian Society of Preventive and Lifestyle Medicine and Italian Federation of General Practitioners, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; SIC - Italian Society of Cardiology, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; SIMI - Italian Society of Internal Medicine, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; SIPREC - Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention, Italy
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15
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Zhou YD, Liang FX, Tian HR, Luo D, Wang YY, Yang SR. Mechanisms of gut microbiota-immune-host interaction on glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121695. [PMID: 36891383 PMCID: PMC9986296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption of food is one of the sources of glucose. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance caused by lifestyle and diet are the precursors of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels. For long-term health, strict glycemic management is necessary. Although it is thought to be well correlated with metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, its molecular mechanism is still not completely understood. Disturbed microbiota triggers the gut immune response to reshape the gut homeostasis. This interaction not only maintains the dynamic changes of intestinal flora, but also preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Meanwhile, the microbiota establishes a systemic multiorgan dialog on the gut-brain and gut-liver axes, intestinal absorption of a high-fat diet affects the host's feeding preference and systemic metabolism. Intervention in the gut microbiota can combat the decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity linked to metabolic diseases both centrally and peripherally. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of oral hypoglycemic medications are also influenced by gut microbiota. The accumulation of drugs in the gut microbiota not only affects the drug efficacy, but also changes the composition and function of them, thus may help to explain individual therapeutic variances in pharmacological efficacy. Regulating gut microbiota through healthy dietary patterns or supplementing pro/prebiotics can provide guidance for lifestyle interventions in people with poor glycemic control. Traditional Chinese medicine can also be used as complementary medicine to effectively regulate intestinal homeostasis. Intestinal microbiota is becoming a new target against metabolic diseases, so more evidence is needed to elucidate the intricate microbiota-immune-host relationship, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dian Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Hao-Ran Tian
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Shu-Rui Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China
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16
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Can individual fatty acids be used as functional biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in relation to cardiometabolic health? A narrative review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2373-2386. [PMID: 35086579 PMCID: PMC9723489 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose-response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and in vitro studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.
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17
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Liu J, Huang Z, Yang X, Qin P, Chen C, Luo X, Li Y, Wu Y, Li X, Huang H, Hu F, Hu D, Liu Y, Zhang M. Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2165-2179. [PMID: 36047956 PMCID: PMC9776648 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products have been suggested to be related to the prevention of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These associations are currently controversial, however, and a systematic quantitative meta-analysis is lacking. In this study, we examined the associations between dairy products and the risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM and tested for dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 2021. Cohort studies were included if dairy food consumption was reported at a minimum of 3 levels or as continuous variables, and the associations were assessed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relations. Among the 9887 articles retrieved, 42 articles were included. For overweight or obesity, a linear association was observed for total dairy, milk, and yogurt. The risk decreased by 25%, 7%, and 12% per 200-g/d increase for total dairy, high-fat dairy, and milk, respectively, and by 13% per 50-g/d increment of yogurt. For hypertension, a nonlinear association was observed with total dairy, whereas significant inverse associations were found for low-fat dairy (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and milk (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) per 200-g/d intake increase. For T2DM, all types of dairy food consumption except for milk and low-fat dairy products showed nonlinear associations, with total dairy and yogurt intake associated with 3% and 7% lower risk per 200-g/d and 50-g/d intake increase, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggests that total dairy is associated with a low risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM, especially milk and yogurt for overweight or obesity, low-fat dairy and milk for hypertension, and yogurt for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Yuzbashian E, Pakseresht M, Vena J, Chan CB. Association of dairy consumption patterns with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2760-2771. [PMID: 36333201 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to extract dairy consumption patterns of men and women from a population-based cohort and then assess the association of each consumption pattern with incident T2D risk. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective study was conducted within the framework of Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP), in which 8615 men and 15,016 women provided information on dietary intake by completing a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, and then were followed up over time to determine the incidence of T2D via questionnaires. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract dairy consumption patterns (DCPs). The association between each extracted pattern and T2D incidence was estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.The incidence of T2D among men and women was 3.8 and 3.2%, respectively, and the mean duration of follow-up was 5.2 years. Three major DCPs were identified. After controlling for potential confounders, the OR for risk of T2D in men in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of the DCP3 (whole milk, regular cheese, and non-fat milk as a beverage and in cereal) was 0.64 (95%CI: 0.47 to 0.88, P-trend=0.001), whereas it was not significant for women. DCP1 and DCP2 were not associated with incident T2D in men or women. CONCLUSION Adherence to a DCP characterized by higher consumption of whole milk, regular cheese, and non-fat milk was associated with decreased risk of incident T2D only in men. Our results support current evidence that a combination of different dairy products, regardless of their fat content, might be favorable for health maintenance, at least in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yuzbashian
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Vena
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Givens DI. Saturated fats, dairy foods and cardiovascular health: No longer a curious paradox? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:407-422. [PMID: 36285545 PMCID: PMC10091990 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death and morbidity in many parts of the world, and many dietary guidelines limit the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) as they are regarded as an important risk factor for CVDs due to their association with increased blood cholesterol. Dairy foods are often a major contributor to dietary intake of SFA, and since many dietary guidelines contain restrictions on SFA intake, this can lead to a moderation of dairy food intake despite meta-analyses generally showing dairy to have a neutral or negative association with CVDs. Many prospective studies and randomised controlled trials do not support a simple positive association between SFA intake and the risk of atherosclerotic CVD and its components although some early studies had a number of methodological weakness. Studies that included blood cholesterol data do broadly support the positive relationship between SFA and blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but without increased CVD risk resulting, despite LDL being a causal factor in atherosclerotic CVD. These data suggest that LDL-C alone is not a consistently good predictor or cause of CVD risk, perhaps particularly in relation to dairy food consumption although some non-dairy food studies have also shown LDL-C reduction was not reflected in reduced CVD risk. This narrative review examines some reasons for these findings. Overall, restrictions on dairy food intake do not seem warranted, although there remains a need to further understand the association of different dairy food types with chronic diseases, perhaps particularly for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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20
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Vissers LET, Sluijs I, Burgess S, Forouhi NG, Freisling H, Imamura F, Nilsson TK, Renström F, Weiderpass E, Aleksandrova K, Dahm CC, Perez-Cornago A, Schulze MB, Tong TYN, Aune D, Bonet C, Boer JMA, Boeing H, Chirlaque MD, Conchi MI, Imaz L, Jäger S, Krogh V, Kyrø C, Masala G, Melander O, Overvad K, Panico S, Sánches MJ, Sonestedt E, Tjønneland A, Tzoulaki I, Verschuren WMM, Riboli E, Wareham NJ, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, van der Schouw YT. Milk intake and incident stroke and CHD in populations of European descent: a Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1789-1797. [PMID: 34670632 PMCID: PMC9592953 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Higher milk intake has been associated with a lower stroke risk, but not with risk of CHD. Residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded. Therefore, we estimated the causal association of milk consumption with stroke and CHD risk through instrumental variable (IV) and gene-outcome analyses. IV analysis included 29 328 participants (4611 stroke; 9828 CHD) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-CVD (eight European countries) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) case-cohort studies. rs4988235, a lactase persistence (LP) SNP which enables digestion of lactose in adulthood was used as genetic instrument. Intake of milk was first regressed on rs4988235 in a linear regression model. Next, associations of genetically predicted milk consumption with stroke and CHD were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Gene-outcome analysis included 777 024 participants (50 804 cases) from MEGASTROKE (including EPIC-CVD), UK Biobank and EPIC-NL for stroke, and 483 966 participants (61 612 cases) from CARDIoGRAM, UK Biobank, EPIC-CVD and EPIC-NL for CHD. In IV analyses, each additional LP allele was associated with a higher intake of milk in EPIC-CVD (β = 13·7 g/d; 95 % CI 8·4, 19·1) and EPIC-NL (36·8 g/d; 95 % CI 20·0, 53·5). Genetically predicted milk intake was not associated with stroke (HR per 25 g/d 1·05; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·16) or CHD (1·02; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·08). In gene-outcome analyses, there was no association of rs4988235 with risk of stroke (OR 1·02; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·05) or CHD (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·95, 1·03). Current Mendelian randomisation analysis does not provide evidence for a causal inverse relationship between milk consumption and stroke or CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. T. Vissers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I. Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N. G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H. Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - F. Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. K. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - F. Renström
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - E. Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - K. Aleksandrova
- Germany Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - C. C. Dahm
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A. Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. B. Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Germany Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - T. Y. N. Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. A. Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M. D. Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. I. Conchi
- Navarra Public Health Institute – IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - L. Imaz
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - S. Jäger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - V. Krogh
- Epidemiology and prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network – ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - O. Melander
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K. Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S. Panico
- Dipartemento di medicina clinica e chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M. J. Sánches
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E. Sonestedt
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A. Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I. Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - W. M. M. Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - N. J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Danesh
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. S. Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Y. T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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A Clinical Outcome of the Anti-PD-1 Therapy of Melanoma in Polish Patients Is Mediated by Population-Specific Gut Microbiome Composition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215369. [PMID: 36358789 PMCID: PMC9653730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The study investigated the association between the response to anti-PD-1 therapy and the baseline gut microbiome in a Polish cohort of melanoma patients, alongside selected agents modifying the microbiome. Sixty-four melanoma patients enrolled for the anti-PD-1 therapy, and ten healthy subjects were recruited. The response to the treatment was assessed according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, and patients were classified as responders or non-responders. The association between selected extrinsic factors and response was investigated using questionnaire-based analysis and the metataxonomics of the microbiota. In the responders, the Bacteroidota to Firmicutes ratio was higher, and the richness was decreased. The abundance of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides uniformis was related to the response, whereas the non-responders’ gut microbiota was enriched with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Desulfovibrio intestinalis and some unclassified Firmicutes. Dietary patterns, including plant, dairy, and fat consumption as well as gastrointestinal tract functioning were significantly associated with the therapeutic effects of the therapy. The specific gut microbiota along with diet were found to be associated with the response to the therapy in the population of melanoma patients.
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22
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Jeong J, Kim HS, Lee D, Kim K, Kim YH. Association between Four Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204362. [PMID: 36297045 PMCID: PMC9611912 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51–2.13) and 1.28 (0.89–1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79–2.91) and 1.15 (1.08–1.23), respectively. Conclusions: With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehun Jeong
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-6368 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8091 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-6694 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8049 (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-6368 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8091 (Y.-H.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-6694 (K.K.); +82-51-510-8049 (Y.-H.K.)
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Guo J, Givens DI, Heitmann BL. Association between dairy consumption and cardiovascular disease events, bone fracture and all-cause mortality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271168. [PMID: 36083880 PMCID: PMC9462570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are important constituents of a healthy and balanced diet, but their association with health outcomes remains to be established. We investigated the association of total dairy, total fermented dairy, and different dairy subtypes (including total/high-fat/low-fat milk, yogurt, cheese, butter, and cream) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), bone fracture and all-cause mortality among 1746 Danish healthy men and women (30–60 years, 52%female). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a mean follow-up of 30 years, incident cases of CVD (n = 904), CHD (n = 332), fracture (n = 447) and all-cause mortality (n = 680) were reported. High intake of total fermented dairy was associated with lower fracture risk (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90, P = 0.02) than observed in the lowest tertile of the fermented dairy group. Furthermore, high intake of low-fat milk was associated with lower risks of CVD (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68–1.03, P = 0.03), CHD (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59–1.16, P = 0.04), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97, P = 0.004) compared with the lowest tertile of low-fat milk group. No associations were found with other dairy subtypes. The findings from this prospective cohort study suggest an inverse association between total fermented dairy and fracture risk, and also inverse associations were found between low-fat milk consumption and risk of CVD, CHD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (JG and DIG), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David I. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (JG and DIG), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Du A, Zhao F, Liu Y, Xu L, Chen K, Sun D, Han B. Genetic polymorphisms of PKLR gene and their associations with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows. Front Genet 2022; 13:1002706. [PMID: 36118870 PMCID: PMC9479125 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work had confirmed that pyruvate kinase L/R (PKLR) gene was expressed differently in different lactation periods of dairy cattle, and participated in lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, suggesting that PKLR is a candidate gene to affect milk production traits in dairy cattle. Here, we verified whether this gene has significant genetic association with milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. In total, we identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by resequencing the entire coding region and partial flanking region of PKLR gene, in which, two SNPs were located in 5′ promoter region, two in 5′ untranslated region (UTR), three in introns, five in exons, six in 3′ UTR and three in 3′ flanking region. The single marker association analysis displayed that all SNPs were significantly associated with milk yield, fat and protein yields or protein percentage (p ≤ 0.0497). The haplotype block containing all the SNPs, predicted by Haploview, had a significant association with fat yield and protein percentage (p ≤ 0.0145). Further, four SNPs in 5′ regulatory region and eight SNPs in UTR and exon regions were predicted to change the transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and mRNA secondary structure, respectively, thus affecting the expression of PKLR, leading to changes in milk production phenotypes, suggesting that these SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PKLR had significant genetic effects on milk production traits, and the SNPs with significant genetic effects could be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection (GS) in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yanan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Han, /
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Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Vitale M. Consumption of different animal-based foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110071. [PMID: 36067917 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed an umbrella review of dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies reporting the incidence of type 2 diabetes associated with the consumption of animal-based foods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase according to PRISMA. Thirteen meta-analyses are included in the study providing 175 summary risk ratio estimates. The consumption of 100 g/day of total or red meat, or 50 g/day of processed meat, were associated with an increased risk; RR and 95 % CI were respectively 1.20, 1.13-1.27; 1.22, 1.14-1.30 and 1.30, 1.22-1.39. White meat (50 g/day) was associated with an increased risk, but of lesser magnitude (RR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00-1.08). A risk reduction was reported for 200 g/day of total dairy (RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92-0.98) or low-fat dairy (RR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.92-1.00) or milk (RR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.83-0.98), or 100 g/day of yogurt (RR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.90-0.98). No association with diabetes risk was reported for fish or eggs. In conclusions animal-based foods have a different association with diabetes risk. To reduce diabetes risk the consumption of red and processed meat should be restricted; a moderate consumption of dairy foods, milk and yogurt, can be encouraged; moderate amounts of fish and eggs are allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giosuè
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Guo N, Zhu Y, Tian D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Liu X. Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35606791 PMCID: PMC9128224 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke. METHODS Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor. RESULTS Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Bayram HM, Ozturkcan SA. Greenhouse gas emissions in the food system: Current and alternative dietary scenarios. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in diets due to the high contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to estimate the impact on GHGE of replacing the current diet with eight alternative diets, which would be associated with GHGE, to contribute to the discussion of how dietary changes affect the GHGE. METHODS: The latest National Nutrition and Health Survey was utilized to determine the nutrient composition of Turkey’s current diet, with eight dietary scenarios designed to meet the National Dietary Guidelines. RESULTS: The current diet had the highest GHGE with 3254.50 g CO2eq/person/day with beef, lamb, and cheese products accounting for the majority of emissions (18.61%, 17.15%, and 10.89%, respectively). The Model diet had a GHGE of 2994.18 g CO2eq/person/day, whereas vegetarian diets had the lowest (lacto-ovo vegetarian diet with 1944.95 g CO2eq/person/day and vegan diet with 1166.80 g CO2eq/person/day). Low energy efficiencies were associated with high diet-related GHGE levels. CONCLUSION: When evaluating future dietary guidelines for a sustainable diet, our study highlighted the need of integrating both health and environmental aspects. The present study found that dietary changes would significantly contribute to lowering GHGE. These findings will be beneficial in informing Turkey’s nutrition, agriculture, and public policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Merve Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Arda Ozturkcan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Yan RR, Chan CB, Louie JCY. Current WHO recommendation to reduce free sugar intake from all sources to below 10% of daily energy intake for supporting overall health is not well supported by available evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:15-39. [PMID: 35380611 PMCID: PMC9307988 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar is widely consumed over the world. Although the mainstream view is that high added or free sugar consumption leads to obesity and related metabolic diseases, controversies exist. This narrative review aims to highlight important findings and identify major limitations and gaps in the current body of evidence in relation to the effect of high sugar intakes on health. Previous animal studies have shown that high sucrose or fructose consumption causes insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle and consequent hyperglycemia, mainly because of fructose-induced de novo hepatic lipogenesis. However, evidence from human observational studies and clinical trials has been inconsistent, where most if not all studies linking high sugar intake to obesity focused on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and studies focusing on sugars from solid foods yielded null findings. In our opinion, the substantial limitations in the current body of evidence, such as short study durations, use of supraphysiological doses of sugar or fructose alone in animal studies, and a lack of direct comparisons of the effects of solid compared with liquid sugars on health outcomes, as well as the lack of appropriate controls, seriously curtail the translatability of the findings to real-world situations. It is quite possible that "high" sugar consumption at normal dietary doses (e.g., 25% daily energy intake) per se-that is, the unique effect of sugar, especially in the solid form-may indeed not pose a health risk for individuals apart from the potential to reduce the overall dietary nutrient density, although newer evidence suggests "low" sugar intake (<5% daily energy intake) is just as likely to be associated with nutrient dilution. We argue the current public health recommendations to encourage the reduction of both solid and liquid forms of free sugar intake (e.g., sugar reformulation programs) should be revised due to the overextrapolation of results from SSBs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Ruolin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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29
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Gut microbiota and fermentation-derived branched chain hydroxy acids mediate health benefits of yogurt consumption in obese mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1343. [PMID: 35292630 PMCID: PMC8924213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses suggest that yogurt consumption reduces type 2 diabetes incidence in humans, but the molecular basis of these observations remains unknown. Here we show that dietary yogurt intake preserves whole-body glucose homeostasis and prevents hepatic insulin resistance and liver steatosis in a dietary mouse model of obesity-linked type 2 diabetes. Fecal microbiota transplantation studies reveal that these effects are partly linked to the gut microbiota. We further show that yogurt intake impacts the hepatic metabolome, notably maintaining the levels of branched chain hydroxy acids (BCHA) which correlate with improved metabolic parameters. These metabolites are generated upon milk fermentation and concentrated in yogurt. Remarkably, diet-induced obesity reduces plasma and tissue BCHA levels, and this is partly prevented by dietary yogurt intake. We further show that BCHA improve insulin action on glucose metabolism in liver and muscle cells, identifying BCHA as cell-autonomous metabolic regulators and potential mediators of yogurt's health effects.
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Olsson E, Larsson SC, Höijer J, Kilander L, Byberg L. Milk and Fermented Milk Consumption and Risk of Stroke: Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051070. [PMID: 35268043 PMCID: PMC8912552 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of milk and fermented milk consumption in stroke risk is unclear. We investigated associations of time-updated information on milk and fermented milk consumption (1997 and 2009) with total stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhagic stroke risk among 79,618 Swedish women and men (mean age 61.3 years). During a mean follow-up of 17.7 years, we identified 9735 incident cases of total stroke, of which 7573 were cerebral infarctions, 1470 hemorrhagic strokes, and 692 unspecified strokes. Compared with an intake of 100 g/day of milk, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of cerebral infarction were 1.05 (1.02–1.08) for 0 g/day, 0.97 (0.95–0.99) for 200 g/day, 0.96 (0.92–1.00) for 400 g/day, 0.98 (0.94–1.03) for 600 g/day, and 1.01 (0.94–1.07) for 800 g/day. Corresponding estimates for hemorrhagic stroke were 0.98 (0.91–1.05) for 0 g/day, 1.02 (0.97–1.07) for 200 g/day, 1.07 (0.98–1.17) for 400 g/day, 1.13 (1.02–1.25) for 600 g/day, and 1.19 (1.03–1.36) for 800 g/day. No associations were observed between milk consumption and total stroke or for fermented milk consumption and any of the stroke outcomes. Higher long-term milk consumption based on repeated measures of intake was weakly and non-linearly associated with cerebral infarction, and was directly associated with hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Olsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.C.L.); (J.H.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-70-4584954
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.C.L.); (J.H.); (L.B.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.C.L.); (J.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Lena Kilander
- Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.C.L.); (J.H.); (L.B.)
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Rojo-Gutiérrez E, Sánchez-Vega R, Olivas G, Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Baeza-Jiménez R, Rios-Velasco C, Sepúlveda D. Manufacture of magnesium-fortified Chihuahua cheese. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4915-4924. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Price D, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. The effects of whey proteins, their peptides and amino acids on vascular function. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:9-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Price
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - David Ian Givens
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
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Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Vitale M, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O. Consumption of Dairy Foods and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:831. [PMID: 35215479 PMCID: PMC8875110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited consumption of dairy foods and use of low-fat products is recommended for cardiovascular (CV) prevention; however, other features besides fat content modulate their metabolic effects. We analyze updated evidence on the relationship of different dairy products (low/full-fat dairy, milk, cheese, yogurt) with CVD by reviewing meta-analyses of cohort studies and individual prospective cohort studies with CV hard endpoints (CVD/CHD incidence/mortality), together with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials exploring the effect of dairy on major CV risk factors. The analyses provide evidence that moderate dairy consumption (up to 200 g/day, globally) has no detrimental effects on CV health and that their effect depends more on the food type (cheese, yogurt, milk) than on the fat content. These data expand current knowledge and may inform revision of current guidelines for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (I.C.); (M.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (I.C.); (M.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (I.C.); (M.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (I.C.); (M.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Witard OC, Bath SC, Dineva M, Sellem L, Mulet-Cabero AI, van Dongen LH, Zheng JS, Valenzuela C, Smeuninx B. Dairy as a Source of Iodine and Protein in the UK: Implications for Human Health Across the Life Course, and Future Policy and Research. Front Nutr 2022; 9:800559. [PMID: 35223949 PMCID: PMC8866650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.800559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes key concepts in dairy nutrition for supporting human health throughout the life course. Milk and dairy products have been a staple component of our diet for thousands of years and provide a wide range of important nutrients that are otherwise difficult to obtain from dairy-free diets. In this review, we provide a broad perspective on the nutritional roles of iodine and dairy protein in supporting human health during pregnancy and early life, childhood and adolescence, mid- and later-life. New methodologies to identify biomarkers of dairy intake via high-throughput mass spectrometry are discussed, and new concepts such as the role of the food matrix in dairy nutrition are introduced. Finally, future policy and research related to the consumption of dairy and non-dairy alternatives for health are discussed with a view to improving nutritional status across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Oliver C. Witard
| | - Sarah C. Bath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Dineva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Isabel Mulet-Cabero
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Laura H. van Dongen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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35
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Miller V, Micha R, Choi E, Karageorgou D, Webb P, Mozaffarian D. Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2146705. [PMID: 35113165 PMCID: PMC8814912 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poor diet is a leading global factor associated with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Understanding the quality of evidence of the associations between specific dietary factors and CMD, including effect size (relative risk [RR]) and uncertainty, is essential to guide policy and consumer actions to achieve healthy diet and public health goals. OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of evidence of the associations between specific dietary factors and CMD as well as the quantitative evidence for RRs and the uncertainty of these risk estimates. EVIDENCE REVIEW PubMed and the reference lists of eligible articles were searched between May 1, 2015, and February 26, 2021, for systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies that analyzed the consumption of 1 or more of the dietary factors of interest; reported dose-response meta-analyses; included healthy adults; and assessed 1 or more of the outcomes of interest. Study characteristics and RR estimates were extracted in duplicate. For identified associations, quality of evidence was assessed using the Bradford-Hill criteria for causation. FINDINGS A total of 2058 potentially relevant reports were identified, from which 285 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The final selection of articles included 28 meta-analyses representing 62 associations between diet and CMD. Among these associations, 10 foods, 3 beverages, and 12 nutrients had at least probable evidence of associations with coronary heart disease, stroke, and/or diabetes. Most RRs ranged from 0.87 to 0.96 per daily serving change for protective associations and from 1.06 to 1.15 per daily serving change for harmful associations. Most identified associations were protective (n = 38) and a smaller number were harmful (n = 24), with a higher risk associated with higher intake. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review summarized the current quality of evidence of the associations of specific dietary factors with coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. These findings may inform dietary guidance, the assessment of disease burden in specific populations, policy setting, and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Miller
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Erin Choi
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimitra Karageorgou
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Slurink IAL, Voortman T, Ochoa-Rosales C, Ahmadizar F, Kavousi M, Kupper N, Smeets T, Soedamah-Muthu SS. Dairy Product Consumption in Relation to Incident Prediabetes and Longitudinal Insulin Resistance in the Rotterdam Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030415. [PMID: 35276774 PMCID: PMC8840212 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests neutral or moderately beneficial effects of dairy intake on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Nevertheless, evidence on associations with early phases of type 2 diabetes remains inconsistent. We aimed to examine associations between dairy-type intake with prediabetes risk and longitudinal insulin resistance. The analytic sample consisted of 6770 participants (aged 62 ± 4 years, 59% female) free of (pre-)diabetes at baseline from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. Dairy intake was measured at baseline using food frequency questionnaires. Data on prediabetes (fasting blood glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/L or non-fasting 7.7–11.1 mmol/L) and the longitudinal homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were available from 1993–2015. Associations with these outcomes were analyzed with dairy intake in quartiles (Q4 vs. Q1) and continuous using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed models. During a mean follow-up of 11.3 ± 4.8 years, 1139 incident prediabetes cases were documented (18.8%). In models adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, a higher intake of high-fat yogurt was associated with lower prediabetes risk (HRQ4vsQ1 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91 and HRserving/day 0.67, 0.51–0.89). In addition, a higher intake of high-fat milk was associated with lower prediabetes risk (HRQ4vsQ1 0.81, 0.67–0.97, HRserving/day 0.88, 0.79–0.99). Associations were found for low-fat dairy, low-fat milk and total cheese with a higher prediabetes risk (HRserving/day ranging from 1.05–1.07, not significant in quartiles). Associations with longitudinal HOMA-IR were similar to prediabetes for high-fat yogurt, low-fat dairy and low-fat milk. Fermented dairy, low-fat yogurt, high-fat cheese, cream and ice cream were not associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, a higher intake of high-fat yogurt was associated with a lower prediabetes risk and lower longitudinal insulin resistance. Additionally, high-fat milk was associated with a lower prediabetes risk. Some low-fat dairy types were inconsistently associated with these outcomes. Studies are needed to confirm associations and to examine the influence of confounding by population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A. L. Slurink
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (T.S.); (S.S.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-13-466-2266
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.V.); (C.O.-R.); (F.A.); (M.K.)
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.V.); (C.O.-R.); (F.A.); (M.K.)
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070374, Chile
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.V.); (C.O.-R.); (F.A.); (M.K.)
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.V.); (C.O.-R.); (F.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Nina Kupper
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (T.S.); (S.S.S.-M.)
| | - Tom Smeets
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (T.S.); (S.S.S.-M.)
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands; (N.K.); (T.S.); (S.S.S.-M.)
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
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Abstract
Milk proteins are known for their high nutritional quality, based on their essential amino acid composition, and they exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including satiety, antimicrobial, mineral-binding, and anti-lipidemic properties. Because of their unique water solubility, milk proteins are readily separated into casein and whey fractions, which can be further fractionated into many individual proteins, including alpha-S1- and alpha-S2-caseins, beta-casein, and kappa-casein, and the whey proteins alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, beta-lactoglobulin, and glycomacropeptide. Many of these proteins have unique bioactivities. Further, over the past 30 years, peptides that are encrypted in the primary amino acid sequences of proteins and released along with amino acids during digestion are increasingly recognized as biologically active protein metabolites that may have beneficial effects on human health. This review examines the current state of the science on the contribution of dairy proteins and their unique peptides and amino acids to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald K Layman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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38
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Abstract
Low-quality dietary patterns impair cardiometabolic health by increasing the risk of obesity-related disorders. Cardiometabolic risk relative to dairy-food consumption continues to be a controversial topic, due to recommendations that endorse low-fat and nonfat dairy foods over full-fat varieties despite accumulated evidence that does not strongly support these recommendations. Controlled human studies and mechanistic preclinical investigations support that full-fat dairy foods decrease cardiometabolic risk by promoting gut health, reducing inflammation, and managing dyslipidemia. These gut- and systemic-level cardiometabolic benefits are attributed, at least in part, to milk polar lipids (MPLs) derived from the phospholipid- and sphingolipid-rich milk fat globule membrane that is of higher abundance in full-fat dairy milk. The controversy surrounding full-fat dairy food consumption is discussed in this review relative to cardiometabolic health and MPL bioactivities that alleviate dyslipidemia, shift gut microbiota composition, and reduce inflammation. This summary, therefore, is expected to advance the understanding of full-fat dairy foods through their MPLs and the need for translational research to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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39
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Abstract
Dairy foods are a heterogeneous group of products that vary in physical state and structure; profile and amounts of essential nutrients, bioactive ingredients, and other constituents; the extent of alteration of these constituents by processing, whether they are fermented or aged; and addition of constituents during manufacture. The complexity of the dairy matrix is associated with a heterogeneous impact on health outcomes from increased, decreased, or neutral effects for specific dairy products and specific health outcomes. Researchers must become more nuanced and systematic in their study of the role of dairy products in health to develop meaningful dietary recommendations. This review of the evidence for the dairy matrix and health points out the dearth of randomized controlled trials and of mechanistic insights. The variable effects of dairy-product consumption on health suggest possibilities for personalized nutrition advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
- Weaver and Associates Consulting LLC, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
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Steur M, Johnson L, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Sluijs I, Key TJ, Wood A, Chowdhury R, Guevara M, Jakobsen MU, Johansson I, Koulman A, Overvad K, Sánchez M, van der Schouw YT, Trichopoulou A, Weiderpass E, Wennberg M, Zheng J, Boeing H, Boer JMA, Boutron‐Ruault M, Ericson U, Heath AK, Huybrechts I, Imaz L, Kaaks R, Krogh V, Kühn T, Kyrø C, Masala G, Melander O, Moreno‐Iribas C, Panico S, Quirós JR, Rodríguez‐Barranco M, Sacerdote C, Santiuste C, Skeie G, Tjønneland A, Tumino R, Verschuren WMM, Zamora‐Ros R, Dahm CC, Perez‐Cornago A, Schulze MB, Tong TYN, Riboli E, Wareham NJ, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Forouhi NG. Dietary Fatty Acids, Macronutrient Substitutions, Food Sources and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the EPIC-CVD Case-Cohort Study Across Nine European Countries. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019814. [PMID: 34796724 PMCID: PMC9075396 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background There is controversy about associations between total dietary fatty acids, their classes (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, the relevance of food sources of SFAs to CHD associations is uncertain. Methods and Results We conducted a case-cohort study involving 10 529 incident CHD cases and a random subcohort of 16 730 adults selected from a cohort of 385 747 participants in 9 countries of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. We estimated multivariable adjusted country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs per 5% of energy intake from dietary fatty acids, with and without isocaloric macronutrient substitutions, using Prentice-weighted Cox regression models and pooled results using random-effects meta-analysis. We found no evidence for associations of the consumption of total or fatty acid classes with CHD, regardless of macronutrient substitutions. In analyses considering food sources, CHD incidence was lower per 1% higher energy intake of SFAs from yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]), cheese (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00]), and fish (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-1.00]), but higher for SFAs from red meat (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02-1.12]) and butter (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]). Conclusions This observational study found no strong associations of total fatty acids, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with incident CHD. By contrast, we found associations of SFAs with CHD in opposite directions dependent on the food source. These findings should be further confirmed, but support public health recommendations to consider food sources alongside the macronutrients they contain, and suggest the importance of the overall food matrix.
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Sellem L, Flourakis M, Jackson KG, Joris PJ, Lumley J, Lohner S, Mensink RP, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Lovegrove JA. Impact of Replacement of Individual Dietary SFAs on Circulating Lipids and Other Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1200-1225. [PMID: 34849532 PMCID: PMC9340975 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the impact of individual SFAs and their isoenergetic substitution with other SFAs or unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) on the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This systematic literature review assessed the impact of such dietary substitutions on a range of fasting CMD risk markers, including lipid profile, markers of glycemic control and inflammation, and metabolic hormone concentrations. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of isoenergetic replacements of individual dietary SFAs for ≥14 d on ≥1 CMD risk markers in humans. Searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases on 14 February, 2021 identified 44 RCTs conducted in participants with a mean ± SD age of 39.9 ± 15.2 y. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 for RCTs. Random-effect meta-analyses assessed the effect of ≥3 similar dietary substitutions on the same CMD risk marker. Other dietary interventions were described in qualitative syntheses. We observed reductions in LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the replacement of palmitic acid (16:0) with UFAs (-0.36 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.21 mmol/L; I2 = 96.0%, n = 18 RCTs) or oleic acid (18:1n-9) (-0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03 mmol/L; I2 = 89.6%, n = 9 RCTs), with a similar impact on total cholesterol and apoB concentrations. No effects on other CMD risk markers, including HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein concentrations, were evident. Similarly, we found no evidence of a benefit from replacing dietary stearic acid (18:0) with UFAs on CMD risk markers (n = 4 RCTs). In conclusion, the impact of replacing dietary palmitic acid with UFAs on lipid biomarkers is aligned with current public health recommendations. However, owing to the high heterogeneity and limited studies, relations between all individual SFAs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health need further confirmation from RCTs. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020084241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James Lumley
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,CoRPS—Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Lu Y, Sugawara Y, Matsuyama S, Fukao A, Tsuji I. Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1285-1297. [PMID: 34750640 PMCID: PMC8921048 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between dairy intake and mortality remains uncertain, and evidence for the Japanese population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese adults. METHODS A total of 34,161 participants (16,565 men and 17,596 women) aged 40-64 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, or stroke at baseline were included in the analysis, using data from the Miyagi Cohort Study initiated in 1990. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was calculated as the sum of milk, yogurt, and cheese intake and then categorized by quartile. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. RESULTS During 750,016 person-years of follow-up, the total number of deaths was 6498, including 2552 deaths due to cancer and 1693 deaths due to CVD. There was no association between total dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for both men and women. We also examined the associations between subgroup dairy products and mortality. For milk and yogurt intake, our results suggest null associations. However, cheese intake was modestly associated with lower all-cause mortality in women; compared with non-consumers, the multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.89 (0.81-0.98) for 1-2 times/month, 0.88 (0.78-1.00) for 1-2 times/week, and 0.89 (0.74-1.07) for 3 times/week or almost daily (p trend = 0.016). CONCLUSION Dairy intake was not associated with mortality in Japanese adults, except for limited evidence showing a modest association between cheese intake and a lower all-cause mortality risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Tanno K, Yonekura Y, Okuda N, Kuribayashi T, Yabe E, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Omama S, Onoda T, Ohsawa M, Ogasawara K, Tanaka F, Asahi K, Itabashi R, Ito S, Ishigaki Y, Takahashi F, Koshiyama M, Sasaki R, Fujimaki D, Takanashi N, Takusari E, Sakata K, Okayama A. Association between Milk Intake and Incident Stroke among Japanese Community Dwellers: The Iwate-KENCO Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113781. [PMID: 34836038 PMCID: PMC8623161 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between the milk consumption and incident stroke in a Japanese population, where milk consumption is lower than that of Western countries. In total, 14,121 participants (4253 men and 9868 women) aged 40–69 years, free from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were prospectively followed for 10.7 years. Participants were categorized into four groups according to the milk intake frequency obtained from a brief-type self-administered diet questionnaire. The adjusted HRs of total stroke, ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke associated with milk intake frequency were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. During the follow-up, 478 stroke cases were detected (208 men and 270 women). Compared to women with a milk intake of <2 cups/week, those with an intake of 7 to <12 cups/week had a significantly low risk of ischemic stroke in a model adjusting CVD risk factors; the HR (95% CI) was 0.53 (0.32–0.88). No significant associations were found in men. This study suggested that milk intake of 7 to <12 cups/week decreased the risk of ischemic stroke in Japanese women. Milk intake of about 1 to <2 cups/day may be effective in the primary prevention of ischemic stroke in a population with low milk intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-651-5110
| | - Yuki Yonekura
- Department of Nursing Informatics, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan;
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
| | - Toru Kuribayashi
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - En Yabe
- Department of Health Food Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 399-8539, Japan;
| | - Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Shinichi Omama
- Iwate Prefectural Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Onoda
- Health Care Center, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Masaki Ohsawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morioka Tsunagi Onsen Hospital, Morioka 020-0055, Japan;
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan;
| | - Fumitaka Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan; (F.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Koichi Asahi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan; (F.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Ryo Itabashi
- Stroke Center, Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Ito
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3695, Japan;
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Department of Information Science, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan;
| | | | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Department of Human Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Fujimaki
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Nobuyuki Takanashi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Eri Takusari
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (M.T.-U.); (D.F.); (N.T.); (E.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Akira Okayama
- The Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo 103-0006, Japan;
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Nicholl A, Deering KE, Evelegh K, Lyons-Wall P, Lawrence D, Mori TA, Kratz M, O'Sullivan TA. Whole-fat dairy products do not adversely affect adiposity or cardiometabolic risk factors in children in the Milky Way Study: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2025-2042. [PMID: 34633422 PMCID: PMC8634568 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence supports the common public health guideline that children >2 y of age should consume dairy with reduced fat content. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of whole-fat compared with reduced-fat dairy intake on measures of adiposity and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy 4- to 6-y-old children. METHODS The Milky Way Study enrolled 49 children (mean ± SD age: 5.2 ± 0.9 y; 47% girls) who were habitual consumers of whole-fat dairy, then randomly assigned them in a double-blind fashion to remain on whole-fat dairy or switch their dairy consumption to reduced-fat products for 3 mo. Primary endpoints included measures of adiposity, body composition, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were assessed at baseline and study end. Pre- and postintervention results were compared using linear mixed models, adjusted for growth, age, and sex. RESULTS Dairy fat intake was reduced by an adjusted (mean ± SEM) 12.9 ± 4.1 g/d in the reduced-fat compared with the whole-fat dairy group (95% CI: -21.2, -4.6 g/d; P = 0.003), whereas dietary energy intakes remained similar (P = 0.936). We found no significant differential changes between dairy groups in any measure of adiposity, body composition, blood pressure, or fasting serum lipids, glucose, HbA1c, and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that although changing from whole-fat to reduced-fat dairy products does reduce dairy fat intake, it does not result in changes to markers of adiposity or cardiometabolic disease risk in healthy children.This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12616001642471.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kane E Deering
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Evelegh
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philippa Lyons-Wall
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Therese A O'Sullivan
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Van Eenennaam AL, Werth SJ. Animal board invited review: Animal agriculture and alternative meats - learning from past science communication failures. Animal 2021; 15:100360. [PMID: 34563799 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability discussions bring in multiple competing goals, and the outcomes are often conflicting depending upon which goal is being given credence. The role of livestock in supporting human well-being is especially contentious in discourses around sustainable diets. There is considerable variation in which environmental metrics are measured when describing sustainable diets, although some estimate of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different diets based on varying assumptions is commonplace. A market for animal-free and manufactured food items to substitute for animal source food (ASF) has emerged, driven by the high GHG emissions of ASF. Ingredients sourced from plants, and animal cells grown in culture are two approaches employed to produce alternative meats. These can be complemented with ingredients produced using synthetic biology. Alternative meat companies promise to reduce GHG, the land and water used for food production, and reduce or eliminate animal agriculture. Some CEOs have even claimed alternative meats will 'end world hunger'. Rarely do such self-proclamations emanate from scientists, but rather from companies in their efforts to attract venture capital investment and market share. Such declarations are reminiscent of the early days of the biotechnology industry. At that time, special interest groups employed fear-based tactics to effectively turn public opinion against the use of genetic engineering to introduce sustainability traits, like disease resistance and nutrient fortification, into global genetic improvement programs. These same groups have recently turned their sights on the 'unnaturalness' and use of synthetic biology in the production of meat alternatives, leaving agriculturists in a quandary. Much of the rationale behind alternative meats invokes a simplistic narrative, with a primary focus on GHG emissions, ignoring the nutritional attributes and dietary importance of ASF, and livelihoods that are supported by grazing ruminant production systems. Diets with low GHG emissions are often described as sustainable, even though the nutritional, social and economic pillars of sustainability are not considered. Nutritionists, geneticists, and veterinarians have been extremely successful at developing new technologies to reduce the environmental footprint of ASF. Further technological developments are going to be requisite to continuously improve the efficiency of animal source, plant source, and cultured meat production. Perhaps there is an opportunity to collectively communicate how innovations are enabling both alternative- and conventional-meat producers to more sustainably meet future demand. This could counteract the possibility that special interest groups who promulgate misinformation, fear and uncertainty, will hinder the adoption of technological innovations to the ultimate detriment of global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - S J Werth
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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[Saturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk : Is a revision of the recommendations on nutrition indicated?]. Herz 2021; 47:354-365. [PMID: 34554285 PMCID: PMC9355924 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Die „Fetthypothese der koronaren Herzkrankheit“, derzufolge „gesättigte Fettsäuren“ („saturated fatty acids“, SFA) die LDL(„low-density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterin-Konzentration (LDL-C) steigern und folglich das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen erhöhen, prägte die Ernährungsempfehlungen der letzten 60 Jahre, zunächst in den USA und später auch in Europa. Über die Jahre mehrte sich Evidenz aus Epidemiologie und kontrollierten klinischen Studien, dass der Konsum von SFA per se nicht mit einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko einhergeht bzw. die Einschränkung des Konsums von SFA keine präventive Wirkung zeigt. Die Fokussierung auf den SFA-Gehalt negiert die biologisch heterogenen und zum Teil biologisch günstigen Wirkungen unterschiedlicher SFA. Zudem wird hierbei außer Acht gelassen, dass SFA in intakten Lebensmitteln in unterschiedliche komplexe Matrizes eingebunden sind, die aus Dutzenden Nährstoffen mit unterschiedlicher Struktur und Begleitstoffen bestehen und damit jeweils unterschiedliche biologische Antworten und metabolische Effekte auslösen. Entsprechend sind solche nährstoffbasierten Empfehlungen prinzipiell wenig zielführend und zudem schlecht umsetzbar. Hinzu kommt, dass LDL‑C kein geeigneter Marker ist, um den Effekt von Lebensstilintervention wie der Ernährung oder aber der körperlichen Aktivität auf das globale kardiovaskuläre Risiko zu beurteilen.
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Chen Z, Ahmed M, Ha V, Jefferson K, Malik V, Ribeiro PAB, Zuchinali P, Drouin-Chartier JP. Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00071-0. [PMID: 34550320 PMCID: PMC8970833 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between dairy product consumption and cardiovascular health remains highly debated. We quantitatively synthesized prospective cohort evidence on the associations between dairy consumption and risk of hypertension (HTN), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through August 1st, 2020 to retrieve prospective cohort studies that reported on dairy consumption and risk of HTN, CHD or stroke. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs the lowest category of intake and for 1 serving/day increase in consumption. We rated the quality of evidence using NutriGrade. Fifty-five studies were included. Total dairy consumption was associated with a lower risk of HTN (RR for highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, I2 = 73.5%; RR for 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, I2 = 66.5%), CHD (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, I2 = 46.6%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00, I2 = 56.7%), and stroke (highest vs lowest level of intake: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96, I2 = 60.8%; 1 serving/day increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, I2 = 74.7%). Despite moderate to considerable heterogeneity, these associations remained consistent across multiple subgroups. Evidence on the relationship between total dairy and risk of HTN and CHD were of moderate quality and of low quality for stroke. Low-fat dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of HTN and stroke, and high-fat dairy with a lower risk of stroke. Milk, cheese, or yogurt consumption showed inconsistent associations with the cardiovascular outcomes in high vs. low intake and dose-response meta-analyses. Total dairy consumption was associated with a modestly lower risk of hypertension, CHD and stroke. Moderate to considerable heterogeneity was observed in the estimates and the overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priccila Zuchinali
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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Mahdavifar B, Hosseinzadeh M, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M, Vafa M. The association between dairy products and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2379-2389. [PMID: 34514970 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1969065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy products contain certain nutrients that are useful in mental disorders. This study aimed to assess the associations between dairy products and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iran, a Middle Eastern country. METHODS This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 7387 adults. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Psychological health was assessed by the Iranian validated version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between dairy intake and psychological disorders. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, total milk consumption (OR for the highest vs. lowest tertile: 0.73, 0.58-0.92) and total yogurt consumption (0.78, 0.62-0.97) were associated with decreased odds of depression. An inverse relationship was found between total dairy (0.73, 95% CI 0.590.91), total milk (0.72; 0.58-0.88), kashk (0.79, 0.65-0.96), and yogurt drink (0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98) consumption and anxiety symptoms. Higher intake of cheese was related to greater odds of stress (1.52, 1.02-2.26). No association was found between the consumption of high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt, high-fat yogurt, cheese, kashk, yogurt drink, and depression. Also, there is no association between dairy products and stress symptoms. This association was significant among men and women and high-fat and low-fat products in the total adjusted stratified analysis models. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study revealed that both high-fat and low-fat dairy products are associated with a reduced prevalence of psychological disorders. Still, more prospective studies are required to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Mahdavifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jacobo Cejudo MG, Cruijsen E, Heuser C, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Voortman T, Geleijnse JM. Dairy Consumption and 3-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes after Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093146. [PMID: 34579026 PMCID: PMC8467112 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies suggest a role for dairy, especially yogurt, in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether dairy affects T2D risk after myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. We examined associations of (types of) dairy with T2D incidence in drug-treated, post-MI patients from the Alpha Omega Cohort. The analysis included 3401 patients (80% men) aged 60-80 y who were free of T2D at baseline (2002-2006). Dairy intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Incident T2D was ascertained through self-reported physician diagnosis and/or medication use. Multivariable Cox models were used to calculate Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D with dairy intake in categories and per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment. Most patients consumed dairy, and median intakes were 264 g/d for total dairy, 82 g/d for milk and 41 g/d for yogurt. During 40 months of follow-up (10,714 person-years), 186 patients developed T2D. After adjustment for confounders, including diet, HRs per 1-SD were 1.06 (95% CI 0.91-1.22) for total dairy, 1.02 (0.88-1.18) for milk and 1.04 (0.90-1.20) for yogurt. Associations were also absent for other dairy types and in dairy categories (all p-trend > 0.05). Our findings suggest no major role for dairy consumption in T2D prevention after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Jacobo Cejudo
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.C.); (C.H.); (T.V.); (J.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-629-155870
| | - Esther Cruijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.C.); (C.H.); (T.V.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Christiane Heuser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.C.); (C.H.); (T.V.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands;
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.C.); (C.H.); (T.V.); (J.M.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.C.); (C.H.); (T.V.); (J.M.G.)
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Vien S, Fard S, El Khoury D, Luhovyy B, Fabek H, Anderson GH. Age and Sex Interact to Determine the Effects of Commonly Consumed Dairy Products on Postmeal Glycemia, Satiety, and Later Meal Food Intake in Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:2161-2174. [PMID: 34036357 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy consumption reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite when consumed with carbohydrates. OBJECTIVES The objective was to test the effects of frequently consumed dairy products, age, and sex on glycemia, appetite, and food intake. METHODS In a randomized, unblinded, crossover design, 30 older [60-70 y; BMI (kg/m2): 18.5-29.9] and 28 young (20-30 y; BMI: 18.5-24.9) adults consumed 500 mL of a calorie-free control (water), skim milk and whole milk, 350 g Greek yogurt, and 60 g cheddar cheese. Food intake at an ad libitum meal was measured 120 min later. Glycemia, appetite, and gastric hormone responses were measured premeal (15-120 min), within-meal (120-140 min), and postmeal (140-170 min). Effects of treatment, age, and sex and their interactions were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS All forms of dairy, compared with water, decreased postmeal glycemia, premeal appetite, and meal intake (P < 0.0001). Premeal glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 increased, and ghrelin decreased, but effects of dairy differed with age and sex. Older adults had 10% higher pre- and postmeal glucose (P < 0.01). Premeal appetite suppression per 100 kcal of treatments was more after yogurt than other dairy, but overall appetite suppression was less in older adults than in young adults and in males than in females (P < 0.05). Pizza intake was reduced by 175 kcal after yogurt and cheese and by 82 kcal after milks compared to water (P < 0.001). Mealtime reduction for treatment calories averaged 62% after yogurt and cheese but was less at 33% after milks (P < 0.05). Compensation was less in older (33%) than in young (63%) adults (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Dairy products consumed in usual forms before a meal stimulate metabolic responses leading to reduced premeal appetite, later food intake, and postmeal glycemia, but their effects differ in magnitude and with the sex and age of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Vien
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Fard
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dalia El Khoury
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bohdan Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Hrvoje Fabek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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