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Yonatan Y, Kahn S, Bashan A. Interactions-based classification of a single microbial sample. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100775. [PMID: 38744286 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
To address the limitation of overlooking crucial ecological interactions due to relying on single time point samples, we developed a computational approach that analyzes individual samples based on the interspecific microbial relationships. We verify, using both numerical simulations as well as real and shuffled microbial profiles from the human oral cavity, that the method can classify single samples based on their interspecific interactions. By analyzing the gut microbiome of people with autistic spectrum disorder, we found that our interaction-based method can improve the classification of individual subjects based on a single microbial sample. These results demonstrate that the underlying ecological interactions can be practically utilized to facilitate microbiome-based diagnosis and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Yonatan
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shaya Kahn
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Bashan
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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2
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Bjørklund G, Meguid NA, Hemimi M, Sahakyan E, Fereshetyan K, Yenkoyan K. The Role of Dietary Peptides Gluten and Casein in the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biochemical Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04099-3. [PMID: 38472652 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines the role of dietary peptides gluten and casein in modulating brain function in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a biochemical perspective. Neurotransmitter systems and neural networks are crucial for brain function, and alterations at the biochemical level can contribute to the characteristic symptoms and behaviors of ASD. The paper explores how dietary peptides influence neurotransmitter systems and neural networks, highlighting their potential as interventions to improve brain function in ASD. The evidence suggests that dietary peptides can impact neurotransmitter synthesis, release, and receptor interactions, disrupting the balance of neurotransmitter systems and affecting neural network function. The findings underscore the potential of dietary interventions in modulating brain function in ASD and call for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize clinical practice. Considering individual dietary sensitivities and preferences, personalized dietary approaches may be necessary for optimal outcomes. Dietary interventions' timing, duration, and integration with other evidence-based treatments are crucial considerations. Safety considerations and regular monitoring are important to ensure the implementation of dietary interventions safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Nagwa A Meguid
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Hemimi
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elen Sahakyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Katarine Fereshetyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Center, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, 2 Koryun, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Ozorio Dutra SV, Sarkar A, Yoo JY, Shaffer-Hudkins E, Groer M. Premature Infant Gut Microbiome relationships with childhood behavioral scales: preliminary insights. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1294549. [PMID: 38419643 PMCID: PMC10899318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1294549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants, born weighing less than 1,500 grams, are at risk for both gut dysbiosis and later neuropsychological developmental deficits. Behavioral effects, while related to neurodevelopment, are often more subtle and difficult to measure. The extent of later neurobehavioral consequences associated with such microbial dysbiosis has yet to be determined. We explored associations between the infants' gut microbiome and early childhood behavior at 4 years of age and identified the bacterial taxa through a multivariate analysis by linear models. Methods Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) focused on different DSM diagnostic categories: affective, anxiety, pervasive developmental, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant. All the CBCL scores were corrected for gender, delivery method, gestational age, infant birth weight, occurrence of sepsis, and days on antibiotics prior statistical analyses. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to determine the relationship between early life gut microbiome and the adjusted CBCL scores. The association of bacterial Amplicon sequence Variants (ASVs) to the CBCL scores were tested with multivariate analysis by linear models (MaAsLin). Results Nineteen children who were previously born with very low birth weight and studied while hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included in this study. Statistically significant associations were observed between early life gut bacteria such as Veillonella dispar, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, and Rumincococcus to later behavior at 4 years. No significant association could be observed with early-life gut microbiome alpha diversity and behavioral measures at 4 years. Discussion These preliminary observational data provide insight into the relationships between VLBW gut microbiome dysbiosis and childhood behavior. This study contributes to the literature on gut microbiome analysis by examining various behavioral domains using a standardized tool linked to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Valeria Ozorio Dutra
- Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Anujit Sarkar
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Emily Shaffer-Hudkins
- College of Medicine Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Mussap M, Beretta P, Esposito E, Fanos V. Once upon a Time Oral Microbiota: A Cinderella or a Protagonist in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Metabolites 2023; 13:1183. [PMID: 38132865 PMCID: PMC10745349 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder evolving over the lifetime of individuals. The oral and gut microbial ecosystems are closely connected to each other and the brain and are potentially involved in neurodevelopmental diseases. This narrative review aims to identify all the available evidence emerging from observational studies focused on the role of the oral microbiome in ASD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published over the last ten years. Overall, in autistic children, the oral microbiota is marked by the abundance of several microbial species belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum and by the depletion of species belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum. In mouse models, the oral microbiota is marked by the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Oral dysbiosis in ASD induces changes in the human metabolome, with the overexpression of metabolites closely related to the pathogenesis of ASD, such as acetate, propionate, and indoles, together with the underexpression of butyrate, confirming the central role of tryptophan metabolism. The analysis of the literature evidences the close relationship between oral dysbiosis and autistic core symptoms; the rebuilding of the oral and gut ecosystems by probiotics may significantly contribute to mitigating the severity of ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Paola Beretta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (E.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Elena Esposito
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (E.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (E.E.); (V.F.)
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan AS, O’Connor K. Compositional and Functional Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Psychosis or Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1239-1255. [PMID: 37210594 PMCID: PMC10483467 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia compared with controls. It is not clear how these alterations functionally impact people with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to combine and evaluate data on compositional and functional alterations in microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Original studies involving humans and animals were included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane were systematically searched and quantitative analysis performed. STUDY RESULTS Sixteen original studies met inclusion criteria (1376 participants: 748 cases and 628 controls). Ten were included in the meta-analysis. Although observed species and Chao 1 show a decrease in diversity in people with schizophrenia compared with controls (SMD = -0.14 and -0.66 respectively), that did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence for variations in richness or evenness of microbiota between patients and controls overall. Differences in beta diversity and consistent patterns in microbial taxa were noted across studies. We found increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera in schizophrenia groups. Variations in brain structure, metabolic pathways, and symptom severity may be associated with compositional alterations in the microbiome. The heterogeneous design of studies complicates a similar evaluation of functional readouts. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome may play a role in the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Understanding how the implications of alterations in microbial genes for symptomatic expression and clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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Xu XJ, Lang JD, Yang J, Long B, Liu XD, Zeng XF, Tian G, You X. Differences of gut microbiota and behavioral symptoms between two subgroups of autistic children based on γδT cells-derived IFN-γ Levels: A preliminary study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100816. [PMID: 36875075 PMCID: PMC9975759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are defined as a group of pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders, and the heterogeneity in the symptomology and etiology of ASD has long been recognized. Altered immune function and gut microbiota have been found in ASD populations. Immune dysfunction has been hypothesized to involve in the pathophysiology of a subtype of ASD. Methods A cohort of 105 ASD children were recruited and grouped based on IFN-γ levels derived from ex vivo stimulated γδT cells. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed with a metagenomic approach. Comparison of autistic symptoms and gut microbiota composition was made between subgroups. Enriched KEGG orthologues markers and pathogen-host interactions based on metagenome were also analyzed to reveal the differences in functional features. Results The autistic behavioral symptoms were more severe for children in the IFN-γ-high group, especially in the body and object use, social and self-help, and expressive language performance domains. LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota revealed an overrepresentation of Selenomonadales, Negatiyicutes, Veillonellaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae and underrepresentation of Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Bifidobacterium longum in children with higher IFN-γ level. Decreased metabolism function of carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid in gut microbiota were found in the IFN-γ-high group. Additional functional profiles analyses revealed significant differences in the abundances of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes between the two groups. And enriched phenotypes related to infection and gastroenteritis and underrepresentation of one gut-brain module associated with histamine degradation were also found in the IFN-γ-High group. Results of multivariate analyses revealed relatively good separation between the two groups. Conclusions Levels of IFN-γ derived from γδT cell could serve as one of the potential candidate biomarkers to subtype ASD individuals to reduce the heterogeneity associated with ASD and produce subgroups which are more likely to share a more similar phenotype and etiology. A better understanding of the associations among immune function, gut microbiota composition and metabolism abnormalities in ASD would facilitate the development of individualized biomedical treatment for this complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Xu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Dong Lang
- Precision Medicine Center, Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Long
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Precision Medicine Center, Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Autism Special Fund, Peking Union Medical Foundation, Beijing, China
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Guidetti C, Salvini E, Viri M, Deidda F, Amoruso A, Visciglia A, Drago L, Calgaro M, Vitulo N, Pane M, Caucino AC. Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study for Evaluating a Probiotic Mixture on Gastrointestinal and Behavioral Symptoms of Autistic Children. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185263. [PMID: 36142909 PMCID: PMC9504504 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a diagnostic challenge with a still partially uncertain etiology, in which genetic and environmental factors have now been assessed. Among the hypotheses underlying the involvement of biological and environmental factors, the gut–brain axis is of particular interest in autism spectrum disorders. Several studies have highlighted the related incidence of particular gastrointestinal symptoms (GISs) in children suffering from ASDs. Probiotics have shown success in treating several gastrointestinal dysbiotic disorders; therefore, it is plausible to investigate whether they can alleviate behavioral symptoms as well. On these bases, a randomized double-blind crossover study with a placebo was conducted, evaluating the effects of a mixture of probiotics in a group of 61 subjects aged between 24 months and 16 years old with a diagnosis of ASD. Behavioral evaluation was performed through the administration of a questionnaire including a Parenting Stress Index (PSI) test and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). The Psycho-Educational Profile and the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) were also evaluated. Microbial composition analyses of fecal samples of the two groups was also performed. The study showed significant improvements in GISs, communication skills, maladaptive behaviors, and perceived parental stress level after the administration of probiotics. Microbiome alpha diversity was comparable between treatment arms and no significant differences were found, although beta diversity results were significantly different in the treatment group between T0 and T1 time points. Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius species were identified as some of the most discriminant taxa positively associated with T1 samples. This preliminary study corroborates the relationship between intestinal microbiota and ASD recently described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Guidetti
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Salvini
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viri
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via E. Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Drago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via E. Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Claudia Caucino
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Taniya MA, Chung HJ, Al Mamun A, Alam S, Aziz MA, Emon NU, Islam MM, Hong STS, Podder BR, Ara Mimi A, Aktar Suchi S, Xiao J. Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:915701. [PMID: 35937689 PMCID: PMC9355470 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.915701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that affects normal brain development. The recent finding of the microbiota–gut–brain axis indicates the bidirectional connection between our gut and brain, demonstrating that gut microbiota can influence many neurological disorders such as autism. Most autistic patients suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Many studies have shown that early colonization, mode of delivery, and antibiotic usage significantly affect the gut microbiome and the onset of autism. Microbial fermentation of plant-based fiber can produce different types of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that may have a beneficial or detrimental effect on the gut and neurological development of autistic patients. Several comprehensive studies of the gut microbiome and microbiota–gut–brain axis help to understand the mechanism that leads to the onset of neurological disorders and find possible treatments for autism. This review integrates the findings of recent years on the gut microbiota and ASD association, mainly focusing on the characterization of specific microbiota that leads to ASD and addressing potential therapeutic interventions to restore a healthy balance of gut microbiome composition that can treat autism-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Afrin Taniya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Science, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwanju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwanju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hea-Jong Chung, ; Jian Xiao,
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Safaet Alam
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Minarul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seong-T shool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bristy Rani Podder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anjuman Ara Mimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hea-Jong Chung, ; Jian Xiao,
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9
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Zhang M, Jin C, Kong X, Meng J, Fan S, Ding Y, Fang Q, Dong T, Zhang H, Ni J, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen X, Hao Z, Peng B, Zhang L, Wang Z, Liang C. Identification of novel susceptibility factors related to CP/CPPS-like symptoms: Evidence from a multicenter case-control study. Prostate 2022; 82:772-782. [PMID: 35188987 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to systematically identify novel susceptible factors related to the occurrence and development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)-like symptoms that were not limited to lifestyles or dietary habits in Chinese population. METHODS We recruited participants from three centers (Shanghai [northeast], Hefei [east], and Lanzhou [northwest]) from August 2020 to June 2021. Demographics, lifestyles, dietary habits, past medical history, and national institutes of health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) were collected from the individuals via optimized questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis and multivariate adjustment models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to assess the association between these variables and CP/CPPS-like symptoms. RESULTS A total of 1851 participants were enrolled in this study (764 cases and 1087 controls). Age distributions differed between groups (median, range: 32, 18-74 vs. 29, 18-70, p < 0.001). After adjustment, physicochemical occupational hazards were identified significantly related to CP/CPPS-like symptom occurrence and development (ORoccurrence : 1.389, 95% CI: 1.031-1.870, p < 0.001; ORdevelopment : 2.222, 95% CI: 1.464-3.372, p < 0.001); besides, greater than or equal to four ejaculations per week significantly increased the likelihood of CP/CPPS-like symptoms compared with one ejaculation per week (ORoccurrence : 3.051, 95% CI: 1.598-5.827, p = 0.001). For these patients, who were easily felt gastrointestinal discomfort caused by spicy food intake, they had a higher incidence to affect with CP/CPPS-like symptoms (ORoccurrence : 2.258, 95% CI: 1.858-2.745, p < 0.001). In addition, history of drug allergy and genitourinary infections were identified as independent susceptible factors for the occurrence of CP/CPPS-like symptoms (ORoccurrence : 1.689, 95% CI: 1.007-2.834, p = 0.047; ORoccurrence : 3.442, 95% CI: 2.202-5.382, p < 0.001, respectively), while the history of rheumatic immune diseases was found tightly associated with the development of CP/CPPS-like symptoms (ORdevelopment : 2.002, 95% CI: 1.008-4.058, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION Infection/inflammatory/immune-related disorders, novel dietary habits, and lifestyles associated with the susceptibility of CP/CPPS-like symptoms' occurrence and development are identified. Altering these irregular conditions serves as potential strategies for the treatment of patients with CP/CPPS-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Institute of Urology of Shenzhen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiangbin Kong
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qiaozhou Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Houliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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10
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So SY, Savidge TC. Gut feelings: the microbiota-gut-brain axis on steroids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G1-G20. [PMID: 34730020 PMCID: PMC8698538 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intricate connection between central and enteric nervous systems is well established with emerging evidence linking gut microbiota function as a significant new contributor to gut-brain axis signaling. Several microbial signals contribute to altered gut-brain communications, with steroids representing an important biological class that impacts central and enteric nervous system function. Neuroactive steroids contribute pathologically to neurological disorders, including dementia and depression, by modulating the activity of neuroreceptors. However, limited information is available on the influence of neuroactive steroids on the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal function. In this review, we outline how steroids can modulate enteric nervous system function by focusing on their influence on different receptors that are present in the intestine in health and disease. We also highlight the potential role of the gut microbiota in modulating neuroactive steroid signaling along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sik Yu So
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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11
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Kittana M, Ahmadani A, Al Marzooq F, Attlee A. Dietary Fat Effect on the Gut Microbiome, and Its Role in the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:3818. [PMID: 34836074 PMCID: PMC8618510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report a higher frequency and severity of gastrointestinal disorders (GID) than typically developing (TD) children. GID-associated discomfort increases feelings of anxiety and frustration, contributing to the severity of ASD. Emerging evidence supports the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and microbiome, indicating the integral contribution of GM in the development and function of the nervous system, and mental health, and disease balance. Dysbiotic GM could be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of GID in children with ASD. High-fat diets may modulate GM through accelerated growth of bile-tolerant bacteria, altered bacterial ratios, and reduced bacterial diversity, which may increase the risk of GID. Notably, saturated fatty acids are considered to have a pronounced effect on the increase of bile-tolerant bacteria and reduction in microbial diversity. Additionally, omega-3 exerts a favorable impact on GM and gut health due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Despite inconsistencies in the data elaborated in the review, the dietary fat composition, as part of an overall dietary intervention, plays a role in modulating GID, specifically in ASD, due to the altered microbiome profile. This review emphasizes the need to conduct future experimental studies investigating the effect of diets with varying fatty acid compositions on GID-specific microbiome profiles in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Kittana
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Asma Ahmadani
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Farah Al Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amita Attlee
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
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12
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan A, O’Connor K. Compositional and functional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia: A systematic review. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:108. [PMID: 34870091 PMCID: PMC8634050 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut and oral microbiota are intrinsically linked to human health. Recent studies suggest a direct link with mental health through bidirectional gut-brain pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and/or function of intestinal microbiome differs in those with psychosis and schizophrenia as compared with controls. There is relatively little research on the predicted or actual functional alterations associated with the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, evaluate and if possible, combine the published literature on compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We also aim to explore the potential functional impact of any compositional changes. Methods: Original studies involving humans and animals using a case-control, cohort or cross-sectional design will be included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane will be systematically searched. Quantitative analyses will be performed using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Discussion: Changes in microbiota composition in psychosis and schizophrenia have been correlated with alternations in brain structure and function, altered immunity, altered metabolic pathways and symptom severity. Changes have also been identified as potential biomarkers for psychosis that might aid in diagnosis. Understanding how predicted or actual functional alterations in microbial genes or metabolic pathways influence symptomatic expression and downstream clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis. Registration: The study is prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260208).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland T12XF62, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Ali Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Abdulhaq A, Halboub E, Homeida HE, Kumar Basode V, Ghzwani AH, Zain KA, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN. Tongue microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1936434. [PMID: 34211637 PMCID: PMC8221129 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1936434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A few recent studies have characterized the salivary microbiome in association with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we sought to assess if there is an association between the tongue microbiome and ASD. Methods: Tongue scrapping samples were obtained from 25 children with ASD and 38 neurotypical controls. The samples were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3) and the resultant high-quality reads were assigned to the species-level using our previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses of microbial profiles were conducted using QIIME, LEfSe, and R. Results: Independent of grouping, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Haemophilus and Rothia accounted for > 60% of the average microbiome. Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Rothia mucilaginosa, Prevotella melaninogenica and Neisseria flavescens/subflava were the most abundant species. Species richness and diversity did not significantly differ between the study groups. Thirteen species and three genera were differentially abundant between the two groups, e.g. enrichment of Actinomyces odontolyticus and Actinomyces lingnae and depletion of Campylobacter concisus and Streptococcus vestibularis in the ASD group. However, none of them withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: The tongue microbiome of children with ASD was not significantly different from that of healthy control children, which is largely consistent with results from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulhaq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen
| | - Husham E Homeida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinod Kumar Basode
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Ammash Zain
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Thapa S, Venkatachalam A, Khan N, Naqvi M, Balderas M, Runge JK, Haag A, Hoch KM, Glaze DG, Luna RA, Motil KJ. Assessment of the gut bacterial microbiome and metabolome of girls and women with Rett Syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251231. [PMID: 33956889 PMCID: PMC8101921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal problems affect the health and quality of life of individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT) and pose a medical hardship for their caregivers. We hypothesized that the variability in the RTT phenotype contributes to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in RTT, predisposing these individuals to gastrointestinal dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We characterized the gut bacterial microbiome and metabolome in girls and young women with RTT (n = 44) and unaffected controls (n = 21), and examined the relation between the composition of the microbiome and variations in the RTT phenotype. METHODS Demographics and clinical information, including growth and anthropometric measurements, pubertal status, symptoms, clinical severity score, bowel movement, medication use, and dietary intakes were collected from the participants. Fecal samples were collected for analysis of the gut microbiome using Illumina MiSeq-based next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene followed by bioinformatics analysis of microbial composition, diversity, and community structure. Selected end-products of microbial protein metabolism were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The gut bacterial microbiome differed within the RTT cohort based on pubertal status (p<0.02) and clinical severity scores (p<0.02) of the individuals and the type of diet (p<0.01) consumed. Although the composition of the gut microbiome did not differ between RTT and unaffected individuals, concentrations of protein end-products of the gut bacterial metabolome, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (p<0.001), tyrosine (p<0.02), and glutamate (p<0.06), were lower in the RTT cohort. Differences in the microbiome within RTT groups, based on symptomatic anxiety, hyperventilation, abdominal distention, or changes in stool frequency and consistency, were not detected. CONCLUSIONS Although variability in the RTT phenotype contributes to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, we presently cannot infer causality between gut bacterial dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Nevertheless, alterations in the gut metabolome may provide clues to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal problems in RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Thapa
- Department of Pathology, Medical Metagenomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alamelu Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, Medical Metagenomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nabeel Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Naqvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Miriam Balderas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Metagenomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica K. Runge
- Department of Pathology, Medical Metagenomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony Haag
- Department of Pathology, Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Hoch
- Department of Pathology, Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Glaze
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ann Luna
- Department of Pathology, Medical Metagenomics Laboratory, Texas Children’s Microbiome Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathleen J. Motil
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhang Q, Zou R, Guo M, Duan M, Li Q, Zheng H. Comparison of gut microbiota between adults with autism spectrum disorder and obese adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10946. [PMID: 33717692 PMCID: PMC7931713 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity are serious global public health problems. Studies have shown that ASD children are at a higher risk of obesity than the general population. To investigate the gut microbe characteristics of adults ASD and obese adults, we compared the gut microbiota of adults with ASD to obese adults. Methods The fecal samples were collected from 21 adult patients with ASD and 21 obese adults, and V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of adults with ASD and obese adults was compared. Results We observed the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in ASD was significantly increased, with families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae significantly enriched in adult ASD. Eighteen genera, including Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Holdemanella were significantly increased in adult ASD, whereas Megamonas and Fusobacterium were significantly increased in obesity. At the species level, we found six species enriched in ASD and three species enriched in obesity, including Phascolarctobacterium succinatuten producing propionate. Dialister succinatiphilus may be as a biomarker for predicting obesity, as well as Prevotella copri may be a common-owned pathogens of ASD and obesity. Conclusions Some conflicting results have been reported in microbiota studies of ASD, which may be related to age and obesity. Thus, the body mass index should be evaluated before analyzing the gut microbiota of patients with ASD, as obesity is prevalent in these individuals and gut microbiota is severally affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome composition associated with vitamin D supplementation in Taiwanese infants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2856. [PMID: 33536562 PMCID: PMC7859236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is a critical stage for the foundation and development of the gut microbiome, large amounts of essential nutrients are required such as vitamin D. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis, and deficiency can impair bone mineralization. In addition, most people know that breastfeeding is advocated to be the best thing for a newborn; however, exclusively breastfeeding infants are not easily able to absorb an adequate amount of vitamin D from breast milk. Understanding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on gut microbiome can improve the knowledge of infant health and development. A total of 62 fecal sample from healthy infants were collected in Taiwan. Of the 62 infants, 31 were exclusively breastfed infants and 31 were mixed- or formula-fed infants. For each feeding type, one subgroup of infants received 400 IU of vitamin D per day, and the remaining infants received a placebo. In total, there are 15 breastfed and 20 formula-fed infants with additional vitamin D supplementation, and 16 breastfed and 11 formula-fed infants belong to control group, respectively. We performed a comparative metagenomic analysis to investigate the distribution and diversity of infant gut microbiota among different types of feeding regimes with and without vitamin D supplementation. Our results reveal that the characteristics of infant gut microbiota not only depend on the feeding types but also on nutrients intake, and demonstrated that the vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the infant gut microbiota, especially increase the proportion of probiotics in breast-fed infants.
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17
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Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Meguid NA, Semenova Y, Anwar M, Chirumbolo S. Gastrointestinal alterations in autism spectrum disorder: What do we know? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Feng YP, Yang TS, Chung CH, Chien WC, Wong CS. Early childhood general anesthesia exposure associated with later developmental delay: A national population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238289. [PMID: 32970686 PMCID: PMC7513996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to general anesthesia has been reported to induce neurotoxicity, impair learning, memory, attention, motor functions, as well as affect behavior in adult rodents and nonhuman primates. Though many have speculated similar effects in humans, previous literature has shown conflicting findings. To investigate the differences in risk of developmental delay among young children exposed to general anesthesia compared to matched unexposed individuals, a population-based cohort study was conducted with a longitudinal dataset spanning 2000 to 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Procedure codes were used to identify children who received anesthesia. For each exposed child, two unexposed children matched by gender and age were enrolled into the comparison cohort. Neurocognitive outcome was measured by the presence of ICD-9-CM codes related to developmental delay (DD). Cox regression models were used to obtain hazard ratios of developing DD after varying levels of anesthesia exposure. After excluding 4,802 individuals who met the exclusion criteria, a total of 11,457 children who received general anesthesia before two years of age was compared to 22,914 children (matched by gender and age) unexposed to anesthesia. Increased risk of DD was observed in the exposure group with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.320 (95% CI 1.143-1.522, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated further elevated risks of DD with multiple anesthesia exposures (1 anesthesia event: HR 1.145, 95% CI 1.010-1.246, P = 0.04; 2 anesthesia events: HR 1.476, 95% CI 1.155-1.887, P = 0.005; ≥3 anesthesia events: HR 2.222, 95% CI 1.810-2.621, P < 0.001) and longer total anesthesia durations (Total anesthesia <2 hours: HR 1.124, 95% CI 1.003-1.499, P = 0.047; Total anesthesia 2-4 hours: HR 1.450, 95% CI 1.157-1.800, P = 0.004; Total anesthesia > 4 hours: HR 1.598, 95% CI 1.343-1.982, P < 0.001) compared with children unexposed to anesthesia. These results suggest that children exposed to general anesthesia before two years of age have an increased risk of DD. This risk is further elevated with increased frequency of anesthesia, and longer total anesthesia duration. The findings of this study should prompt clinical practitioners to proceed with caution when assessing young patients and planning managements involving procedures requiring general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital- Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCC); (CSW)
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCC); (CSW)
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Abdellatif B, McVeigh C, Bendriss G, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Probiotics in Managing the Altered Gut in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4159. [PMID: 32532137 PMCID: PMC7312735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) have been reported repeatedly in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and studies have reported interesting correlations between severity of behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota in ASD is altered with various shifts described at different taxonomic levels, pointing to the importance of considering the gut-brain axis in treatment of these disorders. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that are ingested as food or customized pills. These beneficial bacteria, when added in sufficient amounts, can correct the dysbiosis. Because probiotics have shown success in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is plausible to investigate whether they can induce alleviation of behavioral symptoms as well. Probiotics show, in some clinical studies, their potential benefits (1) in improving gastrointestinal dysfunction, (2) in correcting dysbiosis, (3) in consequently reducing the severity of ASD symptoms. This review compiles data from selected studies that investigate these benefits and the mechanisms that mediate these effects, which include the production of metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters and the regulation of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Future research based on more randomized, controlled studies with a larger population size and standardized use of strains, concentration of probiotics, duration of treatments, and methods of DNA extraction is still needed in this area, which may lead to more robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (B.A.); (C.M.); (G.B.)
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20
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Iglesias-Vázquez L, Van Ginkel Riba G, Arija V, Canals J. Composition of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030792. [PMID: 32192218 PMCID: PMC7146354 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a public health problem and has a prevalence of 0.6%-1.7% in children. As well as psychiatric symptoms, dysbiosis and gastrointestinal comorbidities are also frequently reported. The gut-brain microbiota axis suggests that there is a form of communication between microbiota and the brain underlying some neurological disabilities. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the composition of gut microbiota in children with and without ASD. METHODS Electronic databases were searched as far as February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan5.3 to estimate the overall relative abundance of gut bacteria belonging to 8 phyla and 17 genera in children with ASD and controls. RESULTS We included 18 studies assessing a total of 493 ASD children and 404 controls. The microbiota was mainly composed of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, all of which were more abundant in the ASD children than in the controls. Children with ASD showed a significantly higher abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium and a lower percentage of Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis suggests that there is a dysbiosis in ASD children which may influence the development and severity of ASD symptomatology. Further studies are required in order to obtain stronger evidence of the effectiveness of pre- or probiotics in reducing autistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (V.A.)
| | - Georgette Van Ginkel Riba
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Victoria Arija
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (V.A.)
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-80-74
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Lasheras I, Seral P, Latorre E, Barroso E, Gracia-García P, Santabárbara J. Microbiota and gut-brain axis dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 47:101874. [PMID: 31785441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has drawn attention to the composition of gut microbiota as a possible factor in ASD pathogenesis. However, characterization of a distinctive ASD microbial pattern is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To conduct a narrative review on ASD microbial profile and diversity changes relative to NT children and FGID comorbidity and ASD pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY First, we searched the PubMed database in peer-reviewed journals for evidence regarding the current epidemiological evidence on FGID comorbidity. For the identification of a microbial profile in ASD children, only original studies examining gut bacterial and fungal abundances and diversity in ASD children and adolescents were included. Lastly, research on the role of microbial dysbiosis as an interface between genetic and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, and specifically ASD, was examined. RESULTS Prevalence and risk of FGIDs is significantly higher in ASD children and correlates with the severity of ASD. Bacterial and fungal diversity differ between ASD and NT children, indicating a difference in taxonomic abundance profiles, which have been reported at all bacterial phylogenetic levels. However, studies analyzing gut microbiota have a heterogeneous methodology and several limitations that could account for the variety of findings for each taxon. Also, covariate analysis reveals influence of demographics, diet, disease severity, GI comorbidity and allergies. Integration of these findings with changes in metabolome and genetic risk factors allowed for a better understanding of microbiota involvement in ASD pathogenesis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lasheras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Seral
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Latorre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - E Barroso
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gracia-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santabárbara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Prosperi M, Calderoni S, Gaggini M, Apicella F, Tancredi R, Billeci L, Mastromarino P, Grossi E, Gastaldelli A, Morales MA, Muratori F. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Gastrointestinal, Sensory and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:550593. [PMID: 33101079 PMCID: PMC7546872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a key modulator of neuropsychiatric health. In this framework, probiotics (recently named "psychobiotics") may modulate brain activity and function, possibly improving the behavioral profiles of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We evaluated the effects of probiotics on autism in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 85 preschoolers with ASD (mean age, 4.2 years; 84% boys). Participants were randomly assigned to probiotics (De Simone Formulation) (n=42) or placebo (n=43) for six months. Sixty-three (74%) children completed the trial. No differences between groups were detected on the primary outcome measure, the Total Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Calibrated Severity Score (ADOS-CSS). An exploratory secondary analysis on subgroups of children with or without Gastrointestinal Symptoms (GI group, n= 30; NGI group, n=55) revealed in the NGI group treated with probiotics a significant decline in ADOS scores as compared to that in the placebo group, with a mean reduction of 0.81 in Total ADOS CSS and of 1.14 in Social-Affect ADOS CSS over six months. In the GI group treated with probiotics we found greater improvements in some GI symptoms, adaptive functioning, and sensory profiles than in the GI group treated with placebo. These results suggest potentially positive effects of probiotics on core autism symptoms in a subset of ASD children independent of the specific intermediation of the probiotic effect on GI symptoms. Further studies are warranted to replicate and extend these promising findings on a wider population with subsets of ASD patients which share targets of intervention on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02708901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Calderoni,
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Department of Autism Research, Villa Santa Maria Institute, Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Smith LK, Wissel EF. Microbes and the Mind: How Bacteria Shape Affect, Neurological Processes, Cognition, Social Relationships, Development, and Pathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:397-418. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691618809379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the human body is not so exclusively human after all. Specifically, humans share their bodies with approximately 10 trillion microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. Chief among these microbes are bacteria, and there is a growing consensus that they are critical to virtually all facets of normative functioning. This article reviews the ways in which bacteria shape affect, neurological processes, cognition, social relationships, development, and psychological pathology. To date, the vast majority of research on interactions between microbes and humans has been conducted by scientists outside the field of psychology, despite the fact that psychological scientists are experts in many of the topics being explored. This review aims to orient psychological scientists to the most relevant research and perspectives regarding the microbiome so that we might contribute to the now widespread, interdisciplinary effort to understand the relationship between microbes and the mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh K. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
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24
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Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett 2018; 726:133664. [PMID: 29966749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the peripheral blood supply and the cerebral parenchyma, controlling the transport of material to and from the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature limit the passage of large, negatively charged molecules via paracellular diffusion whereas transcellular transportation across the endothelial cell is controlled by a number of mechanisms including transporter proteins, endocytosis, and diffusion. Here, we review the evidence that perturbation of these processes may underlie the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and affective disorders. Increased permeability of the BBB appears to be a common factor in these disorders, leading to increased infiltration of peripheral material into the brain culminating in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. However, although there is no common mechanism underpinning BBB dysfunction even within each particular disorder, the tight junction protein claudin-5 may be a clinically relevant target given that both clinical and pre-clinical research has linked it to schizophrenia, ASD, and depression. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of the BBB in diagnosis (genetic markers, dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarkers) and in treatment (drug delivery).
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Lerner A, Neidhöfer S, Matthias T. The Gut Microbiome Feelings of the Brain: A Perspective for Non-Microbiologists. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E66. [PMID: 29023380 PMCID: PMC5748575 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To comprehensively review the scientific knowledge on the gut-brain axis. Methods: Various publications on the gut-brain axis, until 31 July 2017, were screened using the Medline, Google, and Cochrane Library databases. The search was performed using the following keywords: "gut-brain axis", "gut-microbiota-brain axis", "nutrition microbiome/microbiota", "enteric nervous system", "enteric glial cells/network", "gut-brain pathways", "microbiome immune system", "microbiome neuroendocrine system" and "intestinal/gut/enteric neuropeptides". Relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Results: Tremendous progress has been made in exploring the interactions between nutrients, the microbiome, and the intestinal, epithelium-enteric nervous, endocrine and immune systems and the brain. The basis of the gut-brain axis comprises of an array of multichannel sensing and trafficking pathways that are suggested to convey the enteric signals to the brain. These are mediated by neuroanatomy (represented by the vagal and spinal afferent neurons), the neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (represented by the gut hormones), immune routes (represented by multiple cytokines), microbially-derived neurotransmitters, and finally the gate keepers of the intestinal and brain barriers. Their mutual and harmonious but intricate interaction is essential for human life and brain performance. However, a failure in the interaction leads to a number of inflammatory-, autoimmune-, neurodegenerative-, metabolic-, mood-, behavioral-, cognitive-, autism-spectrum-, stress- and pain-related disorders. The limited availability of information on the mechanisms, pathways and cause-and-effect relationships hinders us from translating and implementing the knowledge from the bench to the clinic. Implications: Further understanding of this intricate field might potentially shed light on novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat these disorders. Nutritional approaches, microbiome manipulations, enteric and brain barrier reinforcement and sensing and trafficking modulation might improve physical and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Bat Galim, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
- AESKU.KIPP Institute, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Sandra Neidhöfer
- AESKU.KIPP Institute, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Torsten Matthias
- AESKU.KIPP Institute, Mikroforum Ring 2, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany.
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Zhou T, Ahmad TK, Gozda K, Truong J, Kong J, Namaka M. Implications of white matter damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4379-4392. [PMID: 28791401 PMCID: PMC5646997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, which involves the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. ALS has long been considered a disease of the grey matter; however, pathological alterations of the white matter (WM), including axonal loss, axonal demyelination and oligodendrocyte death, have been reported in patients with ALS. The present review examined motor neuron death as the primary cause of ALS and evaluated the associated WM damage that is guided by neuronal‑glial interactions. Previous studies have suggested that WM damage may occur prior to the death of motor neurons, and thus may be considered an early indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of ALS. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying early‑onset WM damage in ALS have yet to be elucidated. The present review explored the detailed anatomy of WM and identified several pathological mechanisms that may be implicated in WM damage in ALS. In addition, it associated the pathophysiological alterations of WM, which may contribute to motor neuron death in ALS, with similar mechanisms of WM damage that are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, the early detection of WM damage in ALS, using neuroimaging techniques, may lead to earlier therapeutic intervention, using immunomodulatory treatment strategies similar to those used in relapsing‑remitting MS, aimed at delaying WM damage in ALS. Early therapeutic approaches may have the potential to delay motor neuron damage and thus prolong the survival of patients with ALS. The therapeutic interventions that are currently available for ALS are only marginally effective. However, early intervention with immunomodulatory drugs may slow the progression of WM damage in the early stages of ALS, thus delaying motor neuron death and increasing the life expectancy of patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Tina Khorshid Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Kiana Gozda
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jessica Truong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Michael Namaka
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 1R9, Canada
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): "pioneer member" of the basic-helix/loop/helix per-Arnt-sim (bHLH/PAS) family of "sensors" of foreign and endogenous signals. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:38-57. [PMID: 28606467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The basic-helix/loop/helix per-Arnt-sim (bHLH/PAS) family comprises many transcription factors, found throughout all three kingdoms of life; bHLH/PAS members "sense" innumerable intracellular and extracellular "signals" - including endogenous compounds, foreign chemicals, gas molecules, redox potential, photons (light), gravity, heat, and osmotic pressure. These signals then initiate downstream signaling pathways involved in responding to that signal. The term "PAS", abbreviation for "per-Arnt-sim" was first coined in 1991. Although the mouse Arnt gene was not identified until 1991, evidence of its co-transcriptional binding partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), was first reported in 1974 as a "sensor" of foreign chemicals, up-regulating cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) and other enzyme activities that usually metabolize the signaling chemical. Within a few years, AHR was proposed also to participate in inflammation. The mouse [Ah] locus was shown (1973-1989) to be relevant to chemical carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, toxicity and teratogenesis, the mouse Ahr gene was cloned in 1992, and the first Ahr(-/-) knockout mouse line was reported in 1995. After thousands of studies from the early 1970s to present day, we now realize that AHR participates in dozens of signaling pathways involved in critical-life processes, affecting virtually every organ and cell-type in the animal, including many invertebrates.
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Nithianantharajah J, Balasuriya GK, Franks AE, Hill-Yardin EL. Using Animal Models to Study the Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Autism. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2017; 4:28-36. [PMID: 28680792 PMCID: PMC5488132 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-017-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly also suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction; however, few animal model studies have systematically examined both ASD and GI dysfunction. In this review, we highlight studies investigating GI dysfunction and alterations in gut microbiota in animal models of ASD with the aim of determining if routinely used microbiology and enteric neurophysiology assays could expand our understanding of the link between the two. RECENT FINDINGS Gut-brain axis research is expanding, and several ASD models demonstrate GI dysfunction. The integration of well-established assays for detecting GI dysfunction into standard behavioural testing batteries is needed. SUMMARY Advances in understanding the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD are emerging; however, we outline standard assays for investigating gut-brain axis function in rodents to strengthen future phenotyping studies. Integrating these findings to the field of animal behaviour is one of the next major challenges in autism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Gayathri K Balasuriya
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083 Australia
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Corner of Royal Parade and Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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Meguid NA, Anwar M, Bjørklund G, Hashish A, Chirumbolo S, Hemimi M, Sultan E. Dietary adequacy of Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder compared to healthy developing children. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:607-615. [PMID: 28074329 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the etiology and pathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still poorly understood, a number of environmental, anthropological, neurobiological and genetic factors have been related to the pathophysiology of ASD, even the impact of oxidative stress response related to the environment and nutrition intake. Usual recommended dietary habits are based on the combination of behavioral and dietary or nutraceutical interventions together with pharmacotherapy. Investigations about a reliable relationship between diet and ASD are still lacking. The present study aimed at comparing dietary regimens and habits of normally developing apparently healthy children, without diagnosed ASD, with a pediatric population of individuals affected by autistic disorder. Assessments of nutritional and anthropometric data, in addition to biochemical evaluation for nutrient deficiencies, were performed. A total of 80 children with autistic disorder and 80 healthy, normally developing pediatric individuals were enrolled in the study. Parents were asked to complete the standardized questionnaire regarding the different types of food and the proportion of a serving for their children. Biochemical analysis of micro- and macronutrients were also done. Plotting on the Egyptian sex-specific anthropometric growth (auximetric) chart, absolute weights as well as weight-related for age classes, were significantly higher in cases than healthy controls. No differences between groups were observed in regard to total kilocalories (kcal), carbohydrates, and fat intake. A total of 23.8% of children with autistic disorder vs. 11.3% in the healthy control group had a nutrient intake with features below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein. Children with autistic disorder showed low dietary intake of some micronutrients; calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) and sodium (Na), also they had significantly high intake of potassium (K) and vitamin C compared to healthy controls. Serum Mg, Fe, Ca, folate and vitamin B12 in children with autistic disorder were significantly low compared with healthy children. Significant positive correlations between serum Mg, Fe, Ca, vitamin B12 and folate and their levels in food were present. These results confirmed that different nutritional inadequacy was observed in Egyptian children with autistic disorder. The evidence reported in the present study should recommend screening of the nutritional status of ASD children for nutrient adequacy to reduce these deficiencies by dietary means or by administering appropriate vitamin and mineral supplements. Nutritional intervention plan should be tailored to address specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa A Meguid
- Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Anwar
- Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Adel Hashish
- Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maha Hemimi
- Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Sultan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Arora HC, Eng C, Shoskes DA. Gut microbiome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 28217695 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the human microbiome continues to reveal new and previously unrealized associations between microbial dysbiosis and disease. Novel approaches to bacterial identification using culture-independent methods allow practitioners to discern the presence of alterations in the taxa and diversity of the microbiome and identify correlations with disease processes. While some of these diseases that have been extensively studied are well-defined in their etiology and treatment methods (colorectal cancer), others have provided much more significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. One such condition, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), has several etiological and potentiating contributions from infection, inflammation, central nervous system (CNS) changes, stress, and central sensitization-all factors that play important roles in the crosstalk between the human body and its microbiome. No singular cause of CP/CPPS has been identified and it is most likely a syndrome with multifactorial causes. This heterogeneity and ambiguity are sources of significant frustration for patients and providers alike. Despite multiple attempts, treatment of chronic prostatitis with monotherapy has seen limited success, which is thought to be due to its heterogeneous nature. Phenotypic approaches to both classify the disease and direct treatment for CP/CPPS have proven beneficial in these patients, but questions still remain regarding etiology. Newer microbiome research has found correlations between symptom scores and disease severity and the degree of dysbiosis in urine and gut (stool) microbiomes in these patients as compared to un-afflicted controls. These findings present potential new diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CP/CPPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Arora
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Shoskes
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Selmi C, Barin JG, Rose NR. Current trends in autoimmunity and the nervous system. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Several members of the SLC9A family of Na+/H+ exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. Not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial Na+ absorption, intracellular pH (pH i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrient absorption and to regulate the intestinal microbial microenvironment. Na+/H+ exchangers are frequent targets of inhibition in gastrointestinal pathologies, either by intrinsic factors (e.g. bile acids, inflammatory mediators) or infectious agents and associated microbial toxins. Based on emerging evidence, disruption of NHE activity via impaired expression or function of respective isoforms may contribute not only to local and systemic electrolyte imbalance, but also to the disease severity via multiple mechanisms. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the roles Na+/H+ exchangers play in the pathogenesis of disorders of diverse origin and affecting a range of GI tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Gurney
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Pawel R. Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children’s Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pawel R. Kiela, DVM, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724. fax: (520) 626-4141.Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona1501 North Campbell AvenueTucsonArizona 85724
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Kraneveld A, Szklany K, de Theije C, Garssen J. Gut-to-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 131:263-287. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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