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Chen Y, Zhou L, Liao Q, Xiao D, Zhu L, Yao J, Liu J, Zhang X, Ma X, Ren F, Wang Z. Characterization of the intestinal microorganism in patients with congenital intestinal atresia: the preliminary exploration for establishment and influence of initial intestinal flora in newborns. BMC Microbiol 2025; 25:283. [PMID: 40348978 PMCID: PMC12065272 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-04006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the differences in microbial composition between the proximal and distal intestinal segments of newborns with intestinal atresia, speculating about the mechanism underlying the initial establishment of neonatal intestinal flora. Additionally, differential metabolic pathways were explored to predict their potential effects on gravidas and fetuses. METHODS The microbial characteristics of intestinal flora were assessed using 16SrRNA sequencing. The alpha and beta-diversity indices were calculated to compare the microbial composition among three groups. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) was employed to identify and quantify differences in microbial communities. Furthermore, PICRUSt software was utilized to predict the possible functional impacts of differential metabolic pathways by comparing them with public databases. RESULTS Samples were collected from 23 neonates with intestinal atresia (proximal and distal segments) and 25 healthy neonates (first meconium) based on predefined selection criteria. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the control and intestinal atresia groups (P > 0.05). Alpha-Diversity analysis revealed that the distal intestinal group exhibited greater microbial species richness. Beta-Diversity analysis indicated significant differences in bacterial composition between the control group and the distal intestinal group (P < 0.05), with the distal group showing a more pronounced divergence compared to the proximal group. Functional prediction analysis suggested that the differential metabolic pathways might protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. However, they could also negatively impact blood glucose regulation and lipid transport in gravidas and fetuses, potentially contributing to adverse emotional states in pregnant women. CONCLUSION The distinct microbial profiles observed among the three groups suggest that the establishment of neonatal intestinal flora may result from a combination of placental transmission and digestive tract colonization. Functional pathway analysis suggested these microbial metabolic differences may exert pleiotropic effects, demonstrating both protective roles in intestinal barrier function and potentially detrimental impacts on emotional modulation and glucose/lipid dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Dong Xiao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ledao Zhu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinlong Yao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Sun XW, Li HR, Jin XL, Tang X, Wang DW, Zhang X, Zhang JG. Structural and Functional Differences in Small Intestinal and Fecal Microbiota: 16S rRNA Gene Investigation in Rats. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1764. [PMID: 39338439 PMCID: PMC11434385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To compare the differences in floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed in a conventional or specific-pathogen free (SPF) environment and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was then amplified and sequenced. Compared with feces, about 60% of the bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units (OTUs) < 1000). Of bacteria shared between the ileum and feces, a few genera were highly abundant (dominant), whereas most had low abundance (less dominant). The dominant bacteria differed between the ileum and feces. Ileal bacteria showed greater β-diversity, and the distance between in-group samples was nearer than that between paired ileum-feces samples. Moreover, the ileum shared various biomarkers and functions with feces (p < 0.05). The HFD and SPF conditions had a profound influence on α-diversity and abundance but not on the exclusive/shared features or β-diversity of samples. The present findings suggested that, under conventional circumstances, fecal bacteria can represent approximately 40% of the low abundant ileal bacterial genera and that dominant fecal bacteria failed to represent the ileal dominant flora. Moreover, fecal flora diversity does not reflect β-diversity in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Sun
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Rui Li
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Jin
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Da-Wen Wang
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Terävä-Utti E, Nurmi M, Laitinen L, Rissanen T, Polo-Kantola P. Hyperemesis gravidarum and eating disorders before and after pregnancy: A register-based study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:70-80. [PMID: 37873998 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of excessive vomiting during pregnancy. The connection between psychiatric morbidity and HG has been debated, but only a few studies have focused on eating disorders (EDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between HG and both pre-pregnancy and new post-pregnancy EDs. METHODS A register-based controlled study. HG diagnoses were retrieved from healthcare registers between 2005 and 2017. Women with HG in their first pregnancy resulting in delivery were chosen as cases (n = 4265; the HG group) and women with no HG as controls (n = 302,663; the non-HG group). The associations between EDs and HG were analyzed by binary logistic regression, adjusted with age, body mass index, smoking, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS In the HG group, 1.6% and in the non-HG group, 0.2% had a pre-pregnancy ED. Women with ED were more likely to have HG in their first pregnancy compared with women with no history of EDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.4, 95% CI 6.52-13.66, p < .0001). Moreover, 0.4% of the women in the HG group and 0.1% of the women in the non-HG group had a new ED diagnosis after pregnancy, and thus the women in the HG group were more likely to have an ED diagnosis after pregnancy (AOR I 3.5, 95% CI 1.71-7.15, p < .001, AOR II 2.7, 95% CI 1.30-5.69, p = .008). DISCUSSION We found a bidirectional association between ED and HG, suggesting a shared etiology or risk factors between these disorders. This finding emphasizes the importance of collaboration across various specialties when treating these patients. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest a bidirectional association between HG and EDs before and after pregnancy. This finding provides essential information for healthcare professionals working with pregnant women. As both of these disorders are known to have far-reaching effects on the lives of both the mother and her offspring, our results help clinicians to target special attention and interventions to the patients suffering from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Terävä-Utti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miina Nurmi
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linda Laitinen
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Rissanen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Polo-Kantola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Anton-Păduraru DT, Trofin F, Nastase EV, Miftode RS, Miftode IL, Trandafirescu MF, Cojocaru E, Țarcă E, Mindru DE, Dorneanu OS. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adults-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:41. [PMID: 38203211 PMCID: PMC10779038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the factors incriminated in the appearance of eating disorders, intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated. Now there is evidence that the composition of gut microbiota is different in anorexia nervosa. We gathered many surveys on the changes in the profile of gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa. This review comprehensively examines the contemporary experimental evidence concerning the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain. Drawing from recent breakthroughs in this area of research, we propose that the gut microbiota significantly contributes to the intricate interplay between the body and the brain, thereby contributing to overall healthy homeostasis while concurrently impacting disease risk, including anxiety and mood disorders. Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the structure and functional relevance of the gut microbiota in the context of Anorexia Nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (D.E.M.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Stefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Cardiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela-Larisa Miftode
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Pathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Mindru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (D.E.M.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Olivia Simona Dorneanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
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5
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Landini L, Dadson P, Gallo F, Honka MJ, Cena H. Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: potential for treatment. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:372-391. [PMID: 35875979 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by the restriction of energy intake in relation to energy needs and a significantly lowered body weight than normally expected, coupled with an intense fear of gaining weight. Treatment of AN is currently based on psychological and refeeding approaches, but their efficacy remains limited since 40% of patients after 10 years of medical care still present symptoms of AN. The intestine hosts a large community of microorganisms, called the "microbiota", which live in symbiosis with the human host. The gut microbiota of a healthy human is dominated by bacteria from two phyla: Firmicutes and, majorly, Bacteroidetes. However, the proportion in their representation differs on an individual basis and depends on many external factors including medical treatment, geographical location and hereditary, immunological and lifestyle factors. Drastic changes in dietary intake may profoundly impact the composition of the gut microbiota, and the resulting dysbiosis may play a part in the onset and/or maintenance of comorbidities associated with AN, such as gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as appetite dysregulation. Furthermore, studies have reported the presence of atypical intestinal microbial composition in patients with AN compared with healthy normal-weight controls. This review addresses the current knowledge about the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of AN. The review also focuses on the bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis), considering the potential use of the gut microbiota manipulation in the prevention and treatment of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Landini
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria-Sestri Levante Hospital, Sestri Levante, Italy
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Gallo
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria-Sestri Levante Hospital, Sestri Levante, Italy
| | | | - Hellas Cena
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Affaticati LM, Buoli M, Vaccaro N, Manzo F, Scalia A, Coloccini S, Zuliani T, La Tegola D, Capuzzi E, Nicastro M, Colmegna F, Clerici M, Dakanalis A, Caldiroli A. The Impact of Clinical Factors, Vitamin B12 and Total Cholesterol on Severity of Anorexia Nervosa: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4954. [PMID: 38068810 PMCID: PMC10707803 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are characterized by medical complications, psychiatric comorbidity, and high mortality. This study investigated potential associations between clinical/biological factors and the severity of AN, measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI). Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, iron, vitamins D and B12, folate, and total cholesterol were measured in a mixed sample of 78 inpatients and outpatients. Linear regressions and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out to evaluate the relationship between BMI and clinical/biochemical variables. BMI was significantly lower in hospitalized patients (F = 4.662; p = 0.034) and in those under pharmacological treatment (F = 5.733; p = 0.019) or poly-therapy (F = 5.635; p = 0.021). Higher vitamin B12 (β = -0.556, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (β = -0.320, p = 0.027), and later age at onset (with a trend towards significance) (β = -0.376, p = 0.058) were associated with a lower BMI. Increased total cholesterol and vitamin B12, later age at onset, current pharmacological treatment, and poly-therapy might be distinctive in patients with a lower BMI. In clinical practice, these findings may contribute to the early identification of AN patients at higher risk of developing complicated or chronic forms of the disorder. Further studies on larger samples are needed to identify potential predictive factors of AN severity in the framework of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Maria Affaticati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Nadia Vaccaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Manzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Alberto Scalia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sara Coloccini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, CT, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Zuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Davide La Tegola
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Monica Nicastro
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrizia Colmegna
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (L.M.A.); (N.V.); (F.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (D.L.T.); (E.C.); (M.N.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
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Zhang S, Han Y, Schofield W, Nicosia M, Karell PE, Newhall KP, Zhou JY, Musich RJ, Pan S, Valujskikh A, Sangwan N, Dwidar M, Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Select symbionts drive high IgA levels in the mouse intestine. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1620-1638.e7. [PMID: 37776865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, yet luminal IgA levels vary widely. Total IgA levels are thought to be driven by individual immune responses to specific microbes. Here, we found that the prebiotic, pectin oligosaccharide (pec-oligo), induced high IgA levels in the small intestine in a T cell-dependent manner. Surprisingly, this IgA-high phenotype was retained after cessation of pec-oligo treatment, and microbiome transmission either horizontally or vertically was sufficient to retain high IgA levels in the absence of pec-oligo. Interestingly, the bacterial taxa enriched in the overall pec-oligo bacterial community differed from IgA-coated microbes in this same community. Rather, a group of ethanol-resistant microbes, highly enriched for Lachnospiraceae bacterium A2, drove the IgA-high phenotype. These findings support a model of intestinal adaptive immunity in which a limited number of microbes can promote durable changes in IgA directed to many symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, P.R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul E Karell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kevin P Newhall
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ryan J Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Zang Y, Lai X, Li C, Ding D, Wang Y, Zhu Y. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Various Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders-An Evidence Mapping Based on Quantified Evidence. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:5127157. [PMID: 36816743 PMCID: PMC9936509 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5127157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos to identify systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SRs). We searched for neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anorexia nervosa (AN), bipolar disorder (BD), eating disorder (ED), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), multiple sclerosis (MS), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Parkinson's disease (PD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), spinal cord injury (SCI), schizophrenia, and stroke. We used A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) to evaluate the quality of included SRs. We also created an evidence map showing the role of gut microbiota in neurological diseases and the certainty of the evidence. Results In total, 42 studies were included in this evidence mapping. Most findings were obtained from observational studies. According to the AMSTAR-2 assessment, 21 SRs scored "critically low" in terms of methodological quality, 16 SR scored "low," and 5 SR scored "moderate." A total of 15 diseases have been investigated for the potential association between gut microbiome alpha diversity and disease, with the Shannon index and Simpson index being the most widely studied. A total of 12 diseases were investigated for potential link between beta diversity and disease. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were more researched. At the genus level, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Escherichia Shigella, Alistipes, Sutteralla, Veillonella, Odoribacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Blautia were more researched. Some diseases have been found to have specific flora changes, and some diseases have been found to have common intestinal microbiological changes. Conclusion We found varied levels of evidence for the associations between gut microbiota and neurological diseases; some gut microbiota increased the risk of neurological diseases, whereas others showed evidence of benefit that gut microbiota might be promising therapeutic targets for such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xigui Lai
- Department of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Conghui Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongfang Ding
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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9
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Terry SM, Barnett JA, Gibson DL. A critical analysis of eating disorders and the gut microbiome. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:154. [PMID: 36329546 PMCID: PMC9635068 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, also known as our "second brain" is an exciting frontier of research across a multitude of health domains. Gut microbes have been implicated in feeding behaviour and obesity, as well as mental health disorders including anxiety and depression, however their role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs) has only recently been considered. EDs are complex mental health conditions, shaped by a complicated interplay of factors. Perhaps due to an incomplete understanding of the etiology of EDs, treatment remains inadequate with affected individuals likely to face many relapses. The gut microbiota may be a missing piece in understanding the etiology of eating disorders, however more robust scientific inquiry is needed in the field before concrete conclusions can be made. In this spotlight paper, we critically evaluate what is known about the bi-directional relationship between gut microbes and biological processes that are implicated in the development and maintenance of EDs, including physiological functioning, hormones, neurotransmitters, the central nervous system, and the immune system. We outline limitations of current research, propose concrete steps to move the field forward and, hypothesize potential clinical implications of this research. Our gut is inhabited by millions of bacteria which have more recently been referred to as "our second brain". In fact, these microbes are thought to play a role in ED behaviour, associated anxiety and depression, and even affect our weight. Recent research has dove into this field with promising findings that have the potential to be applied clinically to improve ED recovery. The present paper discusses what is known about the gut microbiome in relation to EDs and the promising implications that leveraging this knowledge, through fecal microbiome transplants, probiotics, and microbiome-directed supplemental foods, could have on ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Terry
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology, I.K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada. .,Department of Biology, I.K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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10
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Gibson D, Watters A, Pieracci F, Reiss R, Mehler PS. Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Anorexia Nervosa. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:661-666. [PMID: 35969259 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), the presence of gas within the intestinal wall, is a condition historically associated with many diagnoses and can be life-threatening. The purpose of this article is to understand PI better in the setting of malnutrition secondary to anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition not historically affiliated with PI. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical findings of seven patients with AN are reported. Results: The patients were all found to have PI involving the right colon, with only a single patient also found to have PI involving additional colonic areas. No patients had small intestine involvement, and most of the patients were also diagnosed with the binge-purge subtype of AN, were receiving tube feeds, and had tenderness on abdominal examination. All seven patients were managed non-operatively. Conclusions: The authors propose that there may be an association between AN and PI. Given the surgical risks associated with malnutrition, the decision to pursue surgery, in the absence of the discussed pathologic risk factors, should be made in a very thoughtful manner. Future studies are warranted to better understand this potential association between PI and AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fredric Pieracci
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca Reiss
- Department of Pharmacy, Denver Health Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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11
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Changes in Metabolic Regulation and the Microbiota Composition after Supplementation with Different Fatty Acids in db/db Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:3336941. [PMID: 35036426 PMCID: PMC8759926 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3336941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The effects of fatty acids on health vary and depend on the type, amount, and route of consumption. EPA and DHA have a defined role in health, unlike coconut oil. Objective The aim was to investigate the changes in metabolic regulation and the composition of the culture-dependent microbiota after supplementation with different fatty acids in db/db mice. Material and Methods. We were using 32 8-week-old db/db mice, supplemented for eight weeks with EPA/DHA derived from microalgae as well as coconut oil. The lipid, hormonal profiles, and composition of the culture-dependent microbiota and the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined for identification of the intestinal microbiota. Results Enriched diet with EPA/DHA reduced TNF-α, C-peptide, insulin resistance, resistin, and the plasma atherogenic index, but increased TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and TG without changes in HDL-c. Coconut oil raised the HDL-c, GIP, and TNF-α, with TG, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and C-peptide reduced. Conclusion The most abundant microbial populations were Firmicutes and the least Proteobacteria. EPA/DHA derived from microalgae contributes to improving the systemic inflammatory status, but depressed the diversity of the small intestine microbiota. Coconut oil only decreased the C-peptide, raising TNF-α, with an unfavorable hormonal and lipid profile.
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12
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Rangé H, Colon P, Godart N, Kapila Y, Bouchard P. Eating disorders through the periodontal lens. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:17-31. [PMID: 34463986 PMCID: PMC8637500 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology, Université de Paris, U.F.R. d'Odontologie-Garancière, Paris, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,UR 2496 Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, U.F.R. d'Odontologie-Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Santé Mentale pour les Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Paris, France.,U.F.R. Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelynes (UVERSUSQ), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Department of Periodontology, Université de Paris, U.F.R. d'Odontologie-Garancière, Paris, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,UR 2496 Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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13
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Malcolm A, Phillipou A. Current directions in biomarkers and endophenotypes for anorexia nervosa: A scoping review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:303-310. [PMID: 33735721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers for anorexia nervosa (AN), though recent literature suggests an increased research interest in this area. Biomarkers are objective, measurable indicators of illness that can be used to assist with diagnosis, risk assessment, and tracking of illness state. Related to biomarkers are endophenotypes, which are quantifiable phenomena that are distinct from symptoms and which link genes to manifest illness. In this scoping review, we sought to provide a summary of recent research conducted in the pursuit of biomarkers and endophenotypes for AN. The findings indicate that a number of possible biomarkers which can assess the presence or severity of AN independently of weight status, including psychophysical (e.g., eye-tracking) and biological (e.g., immune, endocrine, metabolomic, neurobiological) markers, are currently under investigation. However, this research is still in early phases and lacking in replication studies. Endophenotype research has largely been confined to the study of several neurocognitive features, with mixed evidence to support their classification as possible endophenotypes for the disorder. The study of biomarkers and endophenotypes in AN involves significant challenges due to confounding factors of illness-related sequalae, such as starvation. Future research in these areas must prioritise direct evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and test-retest reliability of proposed biomarkers and enhanced control of confounding physical consequences of AN in the study of biomarkers and endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Malcolm
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Seidel M, Ehrlich S, Breithaupt L, Welch E, Wiklund C, Hübel C, Thornton LM, Savva A, Fundin BT, Pege J, Billger A, Abbaspour A, Schaefer M, Boehm I, Zvrskovec J, Rosager EV, Hasselbalch KC, Leppä V, Sjögren M, Nergårdh R, Feusner JD, Ghaderi A, Bulik CM. Study protocol of comprehensive risk evaluation for anorexia nervosa in twins (CREAT): a study of discordant monozygotic twins with anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:507. [PMID: 33054774 PMCID: PMC7557028 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe disorder, for which genetic evidence suggests psychiatric as well as metabolic origins. AN has high somatic and psychiatric comorbidities, broad impact on quality of life, and elevated mortality. Risk factor studies of AN have focused on differences between acutely ill and recovered individuals. Such comparisons often yield ambiguous conclusions, as alterations could reflect different effects depending on the comparison. Whereas differences found in acutely ill patients could reflect state effects that are due to acute starvation or acute disease-specific factors, they could also reflect underlying traits. Observations in recovered individuals could reflect either an underlying trait or a "scar" due to lasting effects of sustained undernutrition and illness. The co-twin control design (i.e., monozygotic [MZ] twins who are discordant for AN and MZ concordant control twin pairs) affords at least partial disambiguation of these effects. METHODS Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia nervosa in Twins (CREAT) will be the largest and most comprehensive investigation of twins who are discordant for AN to date. CREAT utilizes a co-twin control design that includes endocrinological, neurocognitive, neuroimaging, genomic, and multi-omic approaches coupled with an experimental component that explores the impact of an overnight fast on most measured parameters. DISCUSSION The multimodal longitudinal twin assessment of the CREAT study will help to disambiguate state, trait, and "scar" effects, and thereby enable a deeper understanding of the contribution of genetics, epigenetics, cognitive functions, brain structure and function, metabolism, endocrinology, microbiology, and immunology to the etiology and maintenance of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Seidel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany ,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elisabeth Welch
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Androula Savva
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Bengt T. Fundin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Jessica Pege
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Annelie Billger
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Afrouz Abbaspour
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Martin Schaefer
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilka Boehm
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johan Zvrskovec
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Vangsgaard Rosager
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Virpi Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden
| | - Magnus Sjögren
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Eating Disorder Research Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Ricard Nergårdh
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jamie D. Feusner
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165 Stockholm, Solna Sweden ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Kurina I, Popenko A, Klimenko N, Koshechkin S, Chuprikova L, Filipenko M, Tyakht A, Alexeev D. Development of qPCR platform with probes for quantifying prevalent and biomedically relevant human gut microbial taxa. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101570. [PMID: 32304824 PMCID: PMC7158812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays the advent of innovative high-throughput sequencing allows obtaining high-quality microbiome profiling. However, PCR-based tests are still considered the "golden standard" for many clinical applications. Here, we designed a qPCR-based platform with fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probes for assessing human gut microbiome composition. The system allows conducting qualitative and semiquantitative analysis for 12 prokaryotic taxa that are prevalent in the human gut and associated with diseases, diet, age and other factors. The platform was validated by comparing microbiome profile data obtained with two different methods - the platform and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing - across 42 stool samples. The test can form the basis for precise and cost-efficient microbiome assay for large-scale surveys including clinical trials with interventions related to diet and disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurina
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia,Atlas Biomed Group, 31 Malaya Nikitskaya str., 121069, Moscow, Russia,Corresponding author. Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia.
| | - Anna Popenko
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia,Atlas Biomed Group, 31 Malaya Nikitskaya str., 121069, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Klimenko
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Koshechkin
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Liubov Chuprikova
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander Tyakht
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Alexeev
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar str., building 42, premise 1, room 1639, Moscow, 143026, Russia,Atlas Biomed Group, 31 Malaya Nikitskaya str., 121069, Moscow, Russia
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Gut microbiota alteration in a mouse model of Anorexia Nervosa. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:181-189. [PMID: 32460959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anorexia Nervosa is a severe disease depending on both biological, psychological and environmental factors. The gut microbiota has recently been proposed as one of the biological factors potentially involved in the onset or maintenance of Anorexia Nervosa. To unravel the potential role of the gut microbiota in this disease, we characterized the dysbiosis occurring in a mouse model of Anorexia and correlated bacteria level changes with different physiological parameters such as body weight, food intake or levels of hypothalamic neuropeptides. METHODS We used the Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) mouse model, which combines food restriction and physical activity, and which mimics core features of Anorexia Nervosa. We characterized the gut microbiota alteration in ABA mice by combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses of targeted genera or species. RESULTS We identified 68 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with decreased levels and 8 ASVs with increased levels in the cecal content of ABA mice compared to control mice. We observed in particular in ABA mice increases in the abundance of Clostridium cocleatum and several Lactobacillus species and a decrease in the abundance of Burkholderiales compared to control mice. Interestingly, we show that most of the observed gut microbiota alterations are due to food restriction and are not affected by physical activity. In addition, we identified several bacterial groups that correlate with mice body weight, food intake, lean and fat masses as well as with hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY (Neuropeptide Y) and POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the gut microbiota dysbiosis occurring in the Activity-Based Anorexia mouse model. These data constitute a valuable resource to further decipher the role of the gut microbiota in the different facets of anorexia pathophysiology, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, appetite regulation and mood disorders.
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Abstract
Eating disorders are disabling, deadly, and costly mental disorders that considerably impair physical health and disrupt psychosocial functioning. Disturbed attitudes towards weight, body shape, and eating play a key role in the origin and maintenance of eating disorders. Eating disorders have been increasing over the past 50 years and changes in the food environment have been implicated. All health-care providers should routinely enquire about eating habits as a component of overall health assessment. Six main feeding and eating disorders are now recognised in diagnostic systems: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, pica, and rumination disorder. The presentation form of eating disorders might vary for men versus women, for example. As eating disorders are under-researched, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to their pathophysiology, treatment, and management. Future challenges, emerging treatments, and outstanding research questions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tiago Antunes Duarte
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Eating Disorders and Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2019. [PMID: 31842421 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123038.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are frequently associated with a wide range of psychiatric or somatic comorbidities. The most relevant ED are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorders (BED). Patients with ED exhibit both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Evidence of alterations throughout the GI tract in ED will be analyzed given the role of the GI tract in food intake and its regulation. It remains a matter of debate whether GI disorders are inherent manifestations of ED or the results of malnutrition occurring from ED. Moreover, recent clinical studies have highlighted the growing role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of ED, making it possible to hypothesize a modulation of intestinal microbiota as a co-adjuvant to standard therapy. The aim of this review is to analyze the link between ED and GI diseases and to present, where known, the potential key factors underlying these conditions. Conclusions: The presence of GI disorders should be investigated in patients with ED. Screening for ED should also be encouraged in individuals seeking treatment for unexplained GI complaints to better address therapeutic issues that surround these difficult medical conditions.
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Santonicola A, Gagliardi M, Guarino MPL, Siniscalchi M, Ciacci C, Iovino P. Eating Disorders and Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:3038. [PMID: 31842421 PMCID: PMC6950592 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are frequently associated with a wide range of psychiatric or somatic comorbidities. The most relevant ED are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorders (BED). Patients with ED exhibit both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Evidence of alterations throughout the GI tract in ED will be analyzed given the role of the GI tract in food intake and its regulation. It remains a matter of debate whether GI disorders are inherent manifestations of ED or the results of malnutrition occurring from ED. Moreover, recent clinical studies have highlighted the growing role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of ED, making it possible to hypothesize a modulation of intestinal microbiota as a co-adjuvant to standard therapy. The aim of this review is to analyze the link between ED and GI diseases and to present, where known, the potential key factors underlying these conditions. Conclusions: The presence of GI disorders should be investigated in patients with ED. Screening for ED should also be encouraged in individuals seeking treatment for unexplained GI complaints to better address therapeutic issues that surround these difficult medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Santonicola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Mario Gagliardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Monica Siniscalchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Paola Iovino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
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Breton J, Déchelotte P, Ribet D. Intestinal microbiota and Anorexia Nervosa. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Rantala MJ, Luoto S, Krama T, Krams I. Eating Disorders: An Evolutionary Psychoneuroimmunological Approach. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2200. [PMID: 31749720 PMCID: PMC6842941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders are evolutionarily novel conditions. They lead to some of the highest mortality rates of all psychiatric disorders. Several evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed for eating disorders, but only the intrasexual competition hypothesis is extensively supported by evidence. We present the mismatch hypothesis as a necessary extension to the current theoretical framework of eating disorders. This hypothesis explains the evolutionarily novel adaptive metaproblem that has arisen when mating motives conflict with the large-scale and easy availability of hyper-rewarding but obesogenic foods. This situation is exacerbated particularly in those contemporary environments that are characterized by sedentary lifestyles, ever-present junk foods, caloric surplus and the ubiquity of social comparisons that take place via social media. Our psychoneuroimmunological model connects ultimate-level causation with proximate mechanisms by showing how the adaptive metaproblem between mating motives and food rewards leads to chronic stress and, further, to disordered eating. Chronic stress causes neuroinflammation, which increases susceptibility to OCD-like behaviors that typically co-occur with eating disorders. Chronic stress upregulates the serotonergic system and causes dysphoric mood in anorexia nervosa patients. Dieting, however, reduces serotonin levels and dysphoric mood, leading to a vicious serotonergic-homeostatic stress/starvation cycle whereby cortisol and neuroinflammation increase through stringent dieting. Our psychoneuroimmunological model indicates that between-individual and within-individual variation in eating disorders partially arises from (co)variation in gut microbiota and stress responsivity, which influence neuroinflammation and the serotonergic system. We review the advances that have been made in recent years in understanding how to best treat eating disorders, outlining directions for future clinical research. Current evidence indicates that eating disorder treatments should aim to reduce the chronic stress, neuroinflammation, stress responsivity and gut dysbiosis that fuel the disorders. Connecting ultimate causes with proximate mechanisms and treating biopsychosocial causes rather than manifest symptoms is expected to bring more effective and sophisticated long-term interventions for the millions of people who suffer from eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Severi Luoto
- English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tatjana Krama
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
Eating disorders are severe psychiatric illnesses with a typical age of onset in adolescence. Brain research in youth and young adults may help us identify specific neurobiology that contributes to onset and maintenance of those disorders. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This includes brain structure and function studies to understand food restriction, binge-eating or purging behaviors, cognitive and emotional factors, as well as interoception. Binge-eating disorder and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder are also discussed, but the literature is still very small.
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On the origin of eating disorders: altered signaling between gut microbiota, adaptive immunity and the brain melanocortin system regulating feeding behavior. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:82-91. [PMID: 31430598 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in the field of gut microbiota - brain axis may contribute to clarifying the origin of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, the two principal forms of eating disorders (ED). The initial key findings in ED patients of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) that react with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a neuropeptide in the brain signaling satiety, have initiated further studies leading to the discovery of the origin of such autoantibodies and to the understanding their possible functional role. An anorexigenic bacterial protein Escherichia coli caseinolytic protease B was recently found to be responsible for the production of α-MSH-cross-reactive autoantibodies and this protein was also detected in human plasma. Another recent study revealed enhanced activation of appetite-regulating the melanocortin type 4 receptor by immune complexes withα-MSH. Taken together, these data serve to build a pathophysiological model of ED presented in this article.
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24
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Breton J, Legrand R, Achamrah N, Chan P, do Rego JL, do Rego JC, Coëffier M, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Proteome modifications of gut microbiota in mice with activity-based anorexia and starvation: Role in ATP production. Nutrition 2019; 67-68:110557. [PMID: 31563744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activity-based anorexia (ABA) in rodents is a behavioral model of anorexia nervosa, characterized by negative energy balance, hyperactivity, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Gut bacteria are known to produce energy substrates including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetate. The aim of this study was to determine whether ABA alters the proteome of gut microbiota relevant to ATP and acetate production. METHODS The ABA was developed in male mice and compared with food-restricted and ad libitum-fed conditions. Proteomic analysis of feces was performed using the two-dimentional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The in vitro ATP-producing capacity of proteins extracted from feces was assayed. RESULTS Increased levels of the phosphoglycerate kinase, an ATP-producing glycolytic enzyme, was detected in feces of food-restricted mice and this enzyme was further increased in the ABA group. Starvation also upregulated several other proteins synthetized by order Clostridiales including Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families. No significant differences in the in vitro ATP-producing capacity by bacterial proteins from ABA, food-restricted, and ad libitum-fed control mice were found. However, plasma levels of acetate strongly tended to be increased in the activity groups including ABA mice. CONCLUSION The data revealed that starvation in food-restricted and ABA mice induced proteome modification in gut bacteria favoring ATP production mainly by the order Clostridiales. However, this did not result in increased total ATP-production capacity by gut microbiota. These changes can be interpreted as an adaptation of specific gut bacteria to the host malnutrition beneficial for host survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Breton
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Romain Legrand
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean Luc do Rego
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Animal Behavior Platform SCAC, Rouen, France
| | - Jean Claude do Rego
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Animal Behavior Platform SCAC, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Nutrition Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France.
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25
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Lozupone M, La Montagna M, D'Urso F, Daniele A, Greco A, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Bellomo A, Panza F. The Role of Biomarkers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:135-162. [PMID: 30747421 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses are cognitive and behavioral disorders of the brain. At present, psychiatric diagnosis is based on DSM-5 criteria. Even if endophenotype specificity for psychiatric disorders is discussed, it is difficult to study and identify psychiatric biomarkers to support diagnosis, prognosis, or clinical response to treatment. This chapter investigates the innovative biomarkers of psychiatric diseases for diagnosis and personalized treatment, in particular post-genomic data and proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. .,Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie H. Taylor
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada
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27
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L'Huillier C, Jarbeau M, Achamrah N, Belmonte L, Amamou A, Nobis S, Goichon A, Salameh E, Bahlouli W, do Rego JL, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Glutamine, but not Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Restores Intestinal Barrier Function during Activity-Based Anorexia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061348. [PMID: 31208031 PMCID: PMC6628073 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During activity-based anorexia (ABA) in mice, enhanced paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis have been shown in the colon while the gut–brain axis has received increasing attention in the regulation of intestinal and mood disorders that frequently occur during anorexia nervosa, a severe eating disorder for which there is no specific treatment. In the present study, we assessed the effects of oral glutamine (Gln) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation during ABA to target intestinal functions, body composition and feeding behavior. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomized in Control (CTRL) and ABA groups. After ABA induction, mice received, or not, either 1% Gln or 2.5% BCAA (Leu, Ile, Val) for one week in drinking water. Results: Neither Gln nor BCAA supplementation affected body weight and body composition, while only Gln supplementation slightly increased food intake. ABA mice exhibited increased paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis in the colonic mucosa. Oral Gln restored colonic paracellular permeability and protein synthesis and increased the mucin-2 mRNA level, whereas BCAA did not affect colonic parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, oral Gln specifically improves colonic response during ABA. These data should be further confirmed in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément L'Huillier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Marine Jarbeau
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Najate Achamrah
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Liliana Belmonte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Asma Amamou
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Séverine Nobis
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Alexis Goichon
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Emmeline Salameh
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Animal Behavior Facility, SCAC, UNIROUEN, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073 "Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis", Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
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Hussain AA, Hübel C, Hindborg M, Lindkvist E, Kastrup AM, Yilmaz Z, Støving RK, Bulik CM, Sjögren JM. Increased lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:611-629. [PMID: 30920679 PMCID: PMC6842568 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in blood lipid concentrations in anorexia nervosa (AN) have been reported; however, the extent, mechanism, and normalization with weight restoration remain unknown. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate changes in lipid concentrations in acutely-ill AN patients compared with healthy controls (HC) and to examine the effect of partial weight restoration. METHOD A systematic literature review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42017078014) were conducted for original peer-reviewed articles. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were eligible for review; 33 for meta-analyses calculating mean differences (MD). Total cholesterol (MD = 22.7 mg/dL, 95% CI = 12.5, 33.0), high-density lipoprotein (HDL; MD = 3.4 mg/dL, CI = 0.3, 7.0), low-density lipoprotein (LDL; MD = 12.2 mg/dL, CI = 4.4, 20.1), triglycerides (TG; MD = 8.1 mg/dL, CI = 1.7, 14.5), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B; MD = 11.8 mg/dL, CI = 2.3, 21.2) were significantly higher in acutely-ill AN than HC. Partially weight-restored AN patients had higher total cholesterol (MD = 14.8 mg/dL, CI = 2.1, 27.5) and LDL (MD = 16.1 mg/dL, CI = 2.3, 30.0). Pre- versus post-weight restoration differences in lipid concentrations did not differ significantly. DISCUSSION We report aggregate evidence for elevated lipid concentrations in acutely-ill AN patients compared with HC, some of which persist after partial weight restoration. This could signal an underlying adaptation or dysregulation not fully reversed by weight restoration. Although concentrations differed between AN and HC, most lipid concentrations remained within the reference range and meta-analyses were limited by the number of available studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Arif Hussain
- Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen,University of Copenhagen,Corresponding author: Alia Arif Hussain, MD, Address: Mental Health Center – Ballerup, Eating Disorder Unit, Maglevaenget 2, DK-2750 Ballerup, Copenhagen, Denmark. Telephone: +45 23928333.
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Hindborg
- Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen,University of Copenhagen
| | - Emilie Lindkvist
- Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen,University of Copenhagen
| | - Annie Maria Kastrup
- Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen,University of Copenhagen
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- Nutrition Clinic, Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital & Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark. Uni. Southern Denmark
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden,Nutrition Clinic, Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital & Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark. Uni. Southern Denmark,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jan Magnus Sjögren
- Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Center Ballerup, Copenhagen,University of Copenhagen
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Medication in AN: A Multidisciplinary Overview of Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020278. [PMID: 30823566 PMCID: PMC6406645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are widely prescribed for anorexia nervosa in the nutritional, somatic, and psychiatric fields. There is no systematic overview in the literature, which simultaneously covers all these types of medication. The main aims of this paper are (1) to offer clinicians an overview of the evidence-based data in the literature concerning the medication (psychotropic drugs and medication for somatic and nutritional complications) in the field of anorexia nervosa since the 1960s, (2) to draw practical conclusions for everyday practise and future research. Searches were performed on three online databases, namely MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Web of Science. Papers published between September 2011 and January 2019 were considered. Evidence-based data were identified from meta-analyses, if there were none, from systematic reviews, and otherwise from trials (randomized or if not open-label studies). Evidence-based results are scarce. No psychotropic medication has proved efficacious in terms of weight gain, and there is only weak data suggesting it can alleviate certain psychiatric symptoms. Concerning nutritional and somatic conditions, while there is no specific, approved medication, it seems essential not to neglect the interest of innovative therapeutic strategies to treat multi-organic comorbidities. In the final section we discuss how to use these medications in the overall approach to the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
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30
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Støving RK. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Anorexia nervosa and endocrinology: a clinical update. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:R9-R27. [PMID: 30400050 PMCID: PMC6347284 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a syndrome, that is collections of symptoms, which is not defined by its etiology. The severe cases are intractable. The syndrome is associated with multiple, profound endocrine alterations which may be adaptive, reactive or etiologic. Adaptive changes potentially may be inappropriate in clinical settings such as inpatient intensive re-nutrition or in a setting with somatic comorbidity. Electrolyte levels must be closely monitored during the refeeding process, and the need for weight gain must be balanced against potentially fatal refeeding complications. An important focus of clinical research should be to identify biomarkers associated with different stages of weight loss and re-nutrition combined with psychometric data. Besides well-established peripheral endocrine actions, several hormones also are released directly to different brain areas, where they may exert behavioral and psychogenic actions that could offer therapeutic targets. We need reliable biomarkers for predicting outcome and to ensure safe re-nutrition, however, first of all we need them to explore the metabolism in anorexia nervosa to open new avenues with therapeutic targets. A breakthrough in our understanding and treatment of this whimsical disease remains. Considering this, the aim of the present review is to provide an updated overview of the many endocrine changes in a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Klinkby Støving
- Nutrition Clinic, Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital
- Endocrine Elite Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Research, University of South Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences
- Psychiatric Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to R K Støving;
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31
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Marlicz W, Misera A, Koulaouzidis A, Łoniewski I. Microbiome-The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E521. [PMID: 30544486 PMCID: PMC6306769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicate through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Such communication is bi-directional and involves neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms. There is mounting data that gut microbiota is the source of a number of neuroactive and immunocompetent substances, which shape the structure and function of brain regions involved in the control of emotions, cognition, and physical activity. Most GI diseases are associated with altered transmission within the GBA that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Current treatment protocols for GI and non-GI disorders may positively or adversely affect the composition of intestinal microbiota with a diverse impact on therapeutic outcome(s). Alterations of gut microbiota have been associated with mood and depressive disorders. Moreover, mental health is frequently affected in GI and non-GI diseases. Deregulation of the GBA may constitute a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based therapy. For example, next generation sequencing (NGS) offers detailed analysis of microbiome footprints in patients with mental and GI disorders. Elucidating the role of stem cell⁻host microbiome cross talks in tissues in GBA disorders might lead to the development of next generation diagnostics and therapeutics. Psychobiotics are a new class of beneficial bacteria with documented efficacy for the treatment of GBA disorders. Novel therapies interfering with small molecules involved in adult stem cell trafficking are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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