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Sim KH, Ho J, Lim JQ, Chan SH, Li A, Chng KR. A metagenomics-based workflow for the detection and genomic characterization of GBS in raw freshwater fish. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0327623. [PMID: 38712931 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03276-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The unexpected foodborne outbreak in Singapore in 2015 has accentuated Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) sequence type 283 as an emerging foodborne pathogen transmitted via the consumption of contaminated raw freshwater fish. Isolation-based workflows utilizing conventional microbiological and whole-genome sequencing methods are commonly used to support biosurveillance efforts critical for the control management of this emerging foodborne pathogen. However, these isolation-based workflows tend to have relatively long turnaround times that hamper a timely response for implementing risk mitigation. To address this gap, we have developed a metagenomics-based workflow for the simultaneous detection and genomic characterization of GBS in raw freshwater fish. Notably, our validation results showed that this metagenomics-based workflow could achieve comparable accuracy and potentially better detection limits while halving the turnaround time (from 2 weeks to 5 days) relative to an isolation-based workflow. The metagenomics-based workflow was also successfully adapted for use on a portable long-read nanopore sequencer, demonstrating its potential applicability for real-time point-of-need testing. Using GBS in freshwater fish as an example, this work represents a proof-of-concept study that supports the feasibility and validity of metagenomics as a rapid and accurate test methodology for the detection and genomic characterization of foodborne pathogens in complex food matrices. IMPORTANCE The need for a rapid and accurate food microbiological testing method is apparent for a timely and effective foodborne outbreak response. This is particularly relevant for emerging foodborne pathogens such as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) whose associated food safety risk might be undercharacterized. By using GBS in raw freshwater fish as a case example, this study describes the development of a metagenomics-based workflow for rapid food microbiological safety testing and surveillance. This study can inform as a working model for various foodborne pathogens in other complex food matrices, paving the way for future methodological development of metagenomics for food microbiological safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Hwan Sim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaying Ho
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Qi Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kern Rei Chng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Fua’di MT, Er B, Lee S, Chan PP, Khoo J, Tan D, Li H, Muhammad IR, Raj P, Kurupatham L, Lee V, Tan LK, Chan JSH, Li A, Aung KT. Characteristics of Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Investigated in Singapore: 2018-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:64. [PMID: 38248529 PMCID: PMC10815581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
There is a need to study the characteristics of outbreaks via Singapore's outbreak surveillance system to understand and identify the gaps in food safety for targeted policy interventions due to the increasing trend in gastroenteritis outbreaks and consequential increase in foodborne-related deaths and economic burden on public health systems worldwide. A total of 171 gastroenteritis outbreaks were investigated in Singapore from January 2018 to December 2021. This study analyzed the annual trend of investigated gastroenteritis outbreaks, the proportion of outbreaks by implicated sources of food, and the proportion of the type of pathogens identified from human cases, food samples, and environmental swabs collected from outbreak investigations. Among the foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks (n = 121) investigated in Singapore, approximately 42.1% of the outbreaks had food prepared by caterers, 14.9% by restaurants, and 12.4% had food prepared by in-house kitchens. Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella were the most common causative pathogens in foodborne outbreaks throughout the analysis period. The food samples and environmental swabs collected were mostly detected for Bacillus cereus. Norovirus was the most common causative pathogen in non-foodborne outbreaks and was mainly attributable to preschools. This highlights the importance of monitoring and educating the catering industry and preschools to prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhd Tarmidzi Fua’di
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Benjamin Er
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Sylvester Lee
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Pei Pei Chan
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Joanna Khoo
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Desmond Tan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Huilin Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Imran Roshan Muhammad
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Pream Raj
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Lalitha Kurupatham
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Vernon Lee
- Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore 169854, Singapore; (S.L.); (P.P.C.); (I.R.M.); (P.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Li Kiang Tan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Joanne Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Kyaw Thu Aung
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (M.T.F.); (B.E.); (J.K.); (D.T.); (H.L.); (L.K.T.); (J.S.H.C.); (A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Arias Echandi ML, Huete Soto A, Castillo Blanco JM, Fernández F, Fernandez Jaramillo H. Occurrence of Aliarcobacter spp. in fresh and pre-cut vegetables of common use in San José, Costa Rica. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:10344. [PMID: 38116377 PMCID: PMC10726391 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter is a Gram-negative rod that can cause disease in both animals and humans. Several studies have evidenced its presence in a wide variety of foods. Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of vegetables has increased worldwide and that there is a lack of information about the occurrence of Aliarcobacter spp. in these, the aim of this study was to evaluate its presence and the occurrence of virulence factors in both fresh and ready-to-eat vegetable samples. 180 vegetable samples from Costa Rica were analyzed for the presence of Aliarcobacter spp., including 90 pre-cut vegetable packages and 90 fresh vegetables. Two (2.2%) of the isolates from pre-cut vegetables and 19 (21.1%) of the isolates obtained from fresh vegetables were confirmed as Aliarcobacter spp. One of the isolates from the pre-cut vegetable samples was identified as A. butzleri. For the fresh vegetables, 11 isolates were identified as A. skirrowii, one as A. butzleri, and the 7 remaining isolates could not be identified at a species level. There is an 87.5% positivity for hecA and 93.8% for pldA, virulence genes in strains isolated from fresh produce, contrasting with an absolute absence from pre-cut vegetable-isolated strains. These results evidence the presence of Aliarcobacter on fresh and pre-cut vegetables from Costa Rica and the potential hazard it might represent for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Arias Echandi
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandra Huete Soto
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Fernanda Fernández
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Linh Tran NQ, Cam Hong Le HT, Pham CT, Nguyen XH, Tran ND, Thi Tran TH, Nghiem S, Ly Luong TM, Bui V, Nguyen-Huy T, Doan VQ, Dang KA, Thuong Do TH, Thi Ngo HK, Nguyen TV, Nguyen NH, Do MC, Ton TN, Thu Dang TA, Nguyen K, Tran XB, Thai P, Phung D. Climate change and human health in Vietnam: a systematic review and additional analyses on current impacts, future risk, and adaptation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 40:100943. [PMID: 38116497 PMCID: PMC10730327 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate climate change's impact on health and adaptation in Vietnam through a systematic review and additional analyses of heat exposure, heat vulnerability, awareness and engagement, and projected health costs. Out of 127 reviewed studies, findings indicated the wider spread of infectious diseases, and increased mortality and hospitalisation risks associated with extreme heat, droughts, and floods. However, there are few studies addressing health cost, awareness, engagement, adaptation, and policy. Additional analyses showed rising heatwave exposure across Vietnam and global above-average vulnerability to heat. By 2050, climate change is projected to cost up to USD1-3B in healthcare costs, USD3-20B in premature deaths, and USD6-23B in work loss. Despite increased media focus on climate and health, a gap between public and government publications highlighted the need for more governmental engagement. Vietnam's climate policies have faced implementation challenges, including top-down approaches, lack of cooperation, low adaptive capacity, and limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Quy Linh Tran
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Huynh Thi Cam Hong Le
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Xuan Huong Nguyen
- Centre for Scientific Research and International Collaboration, Phan Chau Trinh University, Quang Nam, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Dang Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Son Nghiem
- Department of Health Economics, Wellbeing and Society, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Thi Mai Ly Luong
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Vietnam University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Bui
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | - Thong Nguyen-Huy
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Van Quang Doan
- Centre for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kim Anh Dang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Thi Hoai Thuong Do
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Kim Thi Ngo
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Huy Nguyen
- Vietnam National University - Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Cuong Do
- Health Environment Management Agency, Ministry of Health, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Kien Nguyen
- Hue University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | | | - Phong Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Magnano San Lio R, Favara G, Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Agodi A. How Antimicrobial Resistance Is Linked to Climate Change: An Overview of Two Intertwined Global Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031681. [PMID: 36767043 PMCID: PMC9914631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and climate change (CC) are two of the top health emergencies, and can be considered as two interlinked public health priorities. The complex commonalities between AMR and CC should be deeply investigated in a One Health perspective. Here, we provided an overview of the current knowledge about the relationship between AMR and CC. Overall, the studies included pointed out the need for applying a systemic approach to planetary health. Firstly, CC increasingly brings humans and animals into contact, leading to outbreaks of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases with pandemic potential. Although it is well-established that antimicrobial use in human, animal and environmental sectors is one of the main drivers of AMR, the COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating the current scenario, by influencing the use of antibiotics, personal protective equipment, and biocides. This also results in higher concentrations of contaminants (e.g., microplastics) in natural water bodies, which cannot be completely removed from wastewater treatment plants, and which could sustain the AMR spread. Our overview underlined the lack of studies on the direct relationship between AMR and CC, and encouraged further research to investigate the multiple aspects involved, and its effect on human health.
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Amondo EI, Kirui OK, Mirzabaev A. Health gender gap in Uganda: do weather effects and water play a role? Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:173. [PMID: 36471369 PMCID: PMC9720924 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerabilities of men and women to adverse health effects due to weather variability and climate change are not equal. Uganda was among the countries in the world most affected by extreme weather events during the last decade. However, there is still limited gendered empirical evidence on the links between weather variability and health and the possible pathways through which these health effects occur. Therefore, this study analyses the effect of weather variability on illness, and the extent to which water collection 'time burden' mediates the relationship between weather anomalies and illness among men and women of working age in Uganda. The study also quantifies the health inequalities to be eliminated if resources are equalized. METHODS Socioeconomic, health and time use data were obtained from the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Studies - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS -ISA), combined with high resolution remotely-sensed weather data. Two-parts and non-linear decomposition regression analysis were used on the national representative pooled dataset from the four household survey waves collected between 2009 to 2014, comprising a total of 22,469 men and women aged between 15 and 64 years. RESULTS Empirical results show that low rainfall below the long-term mean increased the likelihood of illness by at least 8 and 6 percentage points for women and men, respectively. The indirect effect of low rainfall on illness through water access pathway was estimated at 0.16 percentage points in women. Decomposition results reveal that health inequalities among women and men would have been narrowed by 27-61%, if endowments were equalized. CONCLUSIONS Strategies that promote women empowerment (such as education, labor force participation, access to financial services and clean water), health adaptation and time poverty reduction strategies (such as rain water harvesting and improved access to quality health care) would reduce gender-based health inequalities in Uganda despite changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Injete Amondo
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, D - 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver K. Kirui
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 7th Amarat Street, P.O. Box 474 – 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alisher Mirzabaev
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, D - 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Trájer AJ, Sebestyén V, Domokos E, Abonyi J. Indicators for climate change-driven urban health impact assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116165. [PMID: 36116263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can cause multiply potential health issues in urban areas, which is the most susceptible environment in terms of the presently increasing climate volatility. Urban greening strategies make an important part of the adaptation strategies which can ameliorate the negative impacts of climate change. It was aimed to study the potential impacts of different kinds of greenings against the adverse effects of climate change, including waterborne, vector-borne diseases, heat-related mortality, and surface ozone concentration in a medium-sized Hungarian city. As greening strategies, large and pocket parks were considered, based on our novel location identifier algorithm for climate risk minimization. A method based on publicly available data sources including satellite pictures, climate scenarios and urban macrostructure has been developed to evaluate the health-related indicator patterns in cities. The modelled future- and current patterns of the indicators have been compared. The results can help the understanding of the possible future state of the studied indicators and the development of adequate greening strategies. Another outcome of the study is that it is not the type of health indicator but its climate sensitivity that determines the extent to which it responds to temperature rises and how effective greening strategies are in addressing the expected problem posed by the factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila János Trájer
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Viktor Sebestyén
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; MTA-PE "Lendület" Complex Systems Monitoring Research Group, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Endre Domokos
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - János Abonyi
- MTA-PE "Lendület" Complex Systems Monitoring Research Group, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
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Sahar Abd AD. Overview of Foodborne viruses: Important viruses, outbreaks, health concerns, food Handling and fresh produce. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION THERAPY 2022; 8:038-045. [DOI: 10.17352/jfsnt.000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne viruses can transmit through food in lots of ways including consuming items of animal origin containing zoonotic viruses, consuming contaminated food handled by infected food workers, and consuming contaminated food produced by humans. Viral foodborne illnesses are now a major contributor to all foodborne illness reports in recent years and are seen as a rising issue to the public health of humans and animals. Noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses were shown to be predominantly linked to the food-handler transmission and sewage-contaminated foods, according to microbiological research. In order to facilitate source attribution and identify risk preventive measures, routine, standard surveillance of viral outbreaks, and surveillance of virus occurrence in food products, combined with systematic strain typing, food and clinical microbiologists, would be advocated.
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Whatford L, van Winden S, Häsler B. A systematic literature review on the economic impact of endemic disease in UK sheep and cattle using a One Health conceptualisation. Prev Vet Med 2022; 209:105756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Katsini L, Bhonsale S, Akkermans S, Roufou S, Griffin S, Valdramidis V, Misiou O, Koutsoumanis K, Muñoz López CA, Polanska M, Van Impe JF. Quantitative methods to predict the effect of climate change on microbial food safety: A needs analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Influence of Climate Change on Metabolism and Biological Characteristics in Perennial Woody Fruit Crops in the Mediterranean Environment. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the state of the climate have a high impact on perennial fruit crops thus threatening food availability. Indeed, climatic factors affect several plant aspects, such as phenological stages, physiological processes, disease-pest frequency, yield, and qualitative composition of the plant tissues and derived products. To mitigate the effects of climatic parameters variability, plants implement several strategies of defense, by changing phenological trends, altering physiology, increasing carbon sequestration, and metabolites synthesis. This review was divided into two sections. The first provides data on climate change in the last years and a general consideration on their impact, mitigation, and resilience in the production of food crops. The second section reviews the consequences of climate change on the industry of two woody fruit crops models (evergreen and deciduous trees). The research focused on, citrus, olive, and loquat as evergreen trees examples; while grape, apple, pear, cherry, apricot, almond, peach, kiwi, fig, and persimmon as deciduous species. Perennial fruit crops originated by a complex of decisions valuable in a long period and involving economic and technical problems that farmers may quickly change in the case of annual crops. However, the low flexibility of woody crops is balanced by resilience in the long-life cycle.
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Yang JJ, Lee K. Epidemiologic Changes in Over 10 Years of Community-Acquired Bacterial Enteritis in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:41-51. [PMID: 35087732 PMCID: PMC8762604 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Community-acquired bacterial enteritis (CABE) is a common problem in developed countries. It is important to understand the epidemiologic changes in bacterial pathogens for prevention and treatment. Therefore, we studied the epidemiologic changes in CABE in Korean children. METHODS A total of 197 hospitalized pediatric patients aged <19 years that presented with dysentery symptoms and showed positive polymerase chain reaction results for bacterial species in stool samples, were enrolled in this study for 10 years (June 2010 to June 2020). We classified patients in phase I (06, 2010-06, 2015) and phase II (07, 2015-06, 2020) and analyzed their epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The most common pathogens were Campylobacter species (42.6%) and Salmonella species were the second most common pathogens (23.9%). The abundance of pathogens decreased in the following order: Clostridium difficile (9.6%), Shigella (5.6%), and Clostridium perfringens (5.6%). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found to be the rarest pathogen (2.0%). Campylobacter species showed an increase in the infection rate from 32.1% in phase I to 49.6% in phase II (p=0.0011). Shigella species showed a decline in the infection rate in phase I from 14.1% to 0.0% in phase II (p<0.001). C. difficile and C. perfringens showed an increase in infection rate in phase II compared to phase I, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The infection rate of Campylobacter species in CABE has been rising more recently, reaching almost 50%. This study may help establish policies for prevention and treatment of CABE in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kunsong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Duchenne-Moutien RA, Neetoo H. Climate Change and Emerging Food Safety Issues: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1884-1897. [PMID: 34185849 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Throughout the past decades, climate change has been one of the most complex global issues. Characterized by worldwide alterations in weather patterns, along with a concomitant increase in the temperature of the Earth, climate change will undoubtedly have significant effects on food security and food safety. Climate change engenders climate variability: significant variations in weather variables and their frequency. Both climate variability and climate change are thought to threaten the safety of the food supply chain through different pathways. One such pathway is the ability to exacerbate foodborne diseases by influencing the occurrence, persistence, virulence and, in some cases, toxicity of certain groups of disease-causing microorganisms. Food safety can also be compromised by various chemical hazards, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metals. With changes in weather patterns, such as lower rainfall, higher air temperature, and higher frequency of extreme weather events among others, this translates to emerging food safety concerns. These include the shortage of safe water for irrigation of agricultural produce, greater use of pesticides due to pest resistance, increased difficulty in achieving a well-controlled cold chain resulting in temperature abuse, or the occurrence of flash floods, which cause runoff of chemical contaminants in natural water courses. Together, these can result in foodborne infection, intoxication, antimicrobial resistance, and long-term bioaccumulation of chemicals and heavy metals in the human body. Furthermore, severe climate variability can result in extreme weather events and natural calamities, which directly or indirectly impair food safety. This review discusses the causes and impacts of climate change and variability on existing and emerging food safety risks and also considers mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the global warming and climate change problem. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hudaa Neetoo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Chang RSK, Lau EHY, Au EYL, Leung WCY, Leung YHI. Seasonality in the incidence of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome-A territory-wide study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2337. [PMID: 34487633 PMCID: PMC8553321 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate any seasonality in the incidence of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome (AGS). METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study in all hospitalized patients in local public hospitals from January 2013 to December 2018. AGS was defined by hospitalized patients with positive serum anti-GQ1b IgG, presumably encompassing Miller-Fisher syndrome, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) variants. GBS cases were retrieved from the computerized database by diagnostic label. Campylobacter jejuni infection (CJI) injection was identified by positive stool culture. Monthly incidence rates of AGS, GBS and CJI were calculated. Poisson and negative binomial regression models with long-term time trend were fitted to characterize the seasonal pattern. RESULTS A total of 237, 572 and 2434 cases of AGS, GBS and CJI were identified, respectively, in a population of 7.3 million. The annual incidence rate of AGS was 0.54 per 100,000 person-years. AGS was demonstrated to have an annual peak in the spring season, from March to April, which was congruent with that of GBS and slightly lagged the annual peak of CJI from February to March (likelihood ratio tests all p < .001 for the seasonal terms). CONCLUSION The incidence of AGS peaks in springtime, which is congruent with that of GBS and lags around one month after that of CJI. We demonstrated that AGS has a clear seasonality in occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shek-Kwan Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Yuen Ling Au
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C Y Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Hin Ian Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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The effect of landscape and human settlement on the genetic differentiation and presence of Paragonimus species in Mesoamerica. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:13-21. [PMID: 34371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a neglected research area, and despite the existence of many tools for diagnosis and genetic studies, very little is known about the effect of the landscape on the genetic diversity and presence of parasites. One of these foodborne disease is paragonimiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus, which is responsible for a high number of infections in humans and wild animals. The main Paragonimus sp reported in Mesoamerica is Paragonimus mexicanus, yet there are doubts about its correct identification as a unique species throughout the region. This, together with a lack of detailed knowledge about their ecology, evolution and differentiation, may complicate the implementation of control strategies across the Mesoamerican region. We had the goal of delimiting the species of P. mexicanus found throughout Mesoamerica and determining the effect of landscape and geology on the diversity and presence of the parasite. We found support for the delimitation of five genetic groups. The genetic differentiation among these groups was positively affected by elevation and the isolation of river basins, while the parasite's presence was affected negatively only by the presence of human settlements. These results suggest that areas with lower elevation, connected rivers basins, and an absence of human settlements have low genetic differentiation and high P. mexicanus presence, which may increase the risk of Paragonimus infection. These demonstrate the importance of accurate species delimitation and consideration of the effect of landscape on Paragonimus in the proposal of adequate control strategies. However, other landscape variables cannot be discarded, including temperature, rainfall regime, and spatial scale (local, landscape and regional). These additional variables were not explored here, and should be considered in future studies.
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Petersen-Rockney M, Baur P, Guzman A, Bender SF, Calo A, Castillo F, De Master K, Dumont A, Esquivel K, Kremen C, LaChance J, Mooshammer M, Ory J, Price MJ, Socolar Y, Stanley P, Iles A, Bowles T. Narrow and Brittle or Broad and Nimble? Comparing Adaptive Capacity in Simplifying and Diversifying Farming Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.564900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity faces a triple threat of climate change, biodiversity loss, and global food insecurity. In response, increasing the general adaptive capacity of farming systems is essential. We identify two divergent strategies for building adaptive capacity.Simplifyingprocesses seek to narrowly maximize production by shifting the basis of agricultural production toward centralized control of socially and ecologically homogenized systems.Diversifyingprocesses cultivate social-ecological complexity in order to provide multiple ecosystem services, maintain management flexibility, and promote coordinated adaptation across levels. Through five primarily United States focused cases of distinct agricultural challenges—foodborne pathogens, drought, marginal lands, labor availability, and land access and tenure—we compare simplifying and diversifying responses to assess how these pathways differentially enhance or degrade the adaptive capacity of farming systems in the context of the triple threat. These cases show that diversifying processes can weave a form of broad and nimble adaptive capacity that is fundamentally distinct from the narrow and brittle adaptive capacity produced through simplification. We find that while there are structural limitations and tradeoffs to diversifying processes, adaptive capacity can be facilitated by empowering people and enhancing ecosystem functionality to proactively distribute resources and knowledge where needed and to nimbly respond to changing circumstances. Our cases suggest that, in order to garner the most adaptive benefits from diversification, farming systems should balance the pursuit of multiple goals, which in turn requires an inclusive process for active dialogue and negotiation among diverse perspectives. Instead of locking farming systems into pernicious cycles that reproduce social and ecological externalities, diversification processes can enable nimble responses to a broad spectrum of possible stressors and shocks, while also promoting social equity and ecological sustainability.
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Weilnhammer V, Schmid J, Mittermeier I, Schreiber F, Jiang L, Pastuhovic V, Herr C, Heinze S. Extreme weather events in europe and their health consequences - A systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113688. [PMID: 33530011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to climate change, the frequency, intensity and severity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, heavy precipitation causing wildfires, floods, and droughts are increasing, which could adversely affect human health. The purpose of this systematic review is therefore to assess the current literature about the association between these extreme weather events and their impact on the health of the European population. METHODS Observational studies published from January 1, 2007 to May 17, 2020 on health effects of extreme weather events in Europe were searched systematically in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The exposures of interest included extreme temperature, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, floods, storms and wildfires. The health impacts included total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, respiratory mortality and morbidity, and mental health. We conducted the systematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the NICE quality appraisal checklist (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). RESULTS The search yielded 1472 articles, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Studies regarding five extreme weather events (extreme heat events, extreme cold events, wildfires, floods, droughts) were found. A positive association between extreme heat/cold events and overall, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was reported from most studies. Wildfires are likely to increase the overall and cardiovascular mortality. Floods might be associated with the deterioration of mental health instead of mortality. Depending on their length, droughts could have an influence on both respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Contradictory evidence was found in heat-associated morbidity and wildfire-associated respiratory mortality. The associations are inconclusive due to the heterogeneous study designs, study quality, exposure and outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from most of the included studies showed that extreme heat and cold events, droughts, wildfires and floods in Europe have negative impacts on human health including mental health, although some of the associations are not conclusive. Additional high-quality studies are needed to confirm our results and further studies regarding the effects of other extreme weather events in Europe are to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Weilnhammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany.
| | - Jonas Schmid
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Isabella Mittermeier
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany
| | - Fabian Schreiber
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany
| | - Linmiao Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vedran Pastuhovic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Herr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
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Harper SL, Cunsolo A, Babujee A, Coggins S, Aguilar MD, Wright CJ. Climate change and health in North America: literature review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33390178 PMCID: PMC7780400 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is a defining issue and grand challenge for the health sector in North America. Synthesizing evidence on climate change impacts, climate-health adaptation, and climate-health mitigation is crucial for health practitioners and decision-makers to effectively understand, prepare for, and respond to climate change impacts on human health. This protocol paper outlines our process to systematically conduct a literature review to investigate the climate-health evidence base in North America. METHODS A search string will be used to search CINAHL®, Web of Science™, Scopus®, Embase® via Ovid, and MEDLINE® via Ovid aggregator databases. Articles will be screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. First, the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be applied to article titles and abstracts, and then to the full articles. Included articles will be analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. DISCUSSION This protocol describes review methods that will be used to systematically and transparently create a database of articles published in academic journals that examine climate-health in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilee L Harper
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Ashlee Cunsolo
- School of Arctic & Subarctic Studies, Labrador Institute of Memorial University, 219 Hamilton River Road, Stn B, PO Box 490, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, A0P 1E0, Canada
| | - Amreen Babujee
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Shaugn Coggins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mauricio Domínguez Aguilar
- Unidad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 x 66 # 525. Col. Centro, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Carlee J Wright
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Lakshmi BA, Kim S. Recent trends in the utilization of LAMP for the diagnosis of viruses, bacteria, and allergens in food. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7564122 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821406-0.00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are becoming major scientific struggles for both developing and developed countries. Most foodborne infections are caused by microbial pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other food allergens. Hence early and accurate diagnosis of these foodborne pathogens is always preferable. To satisfy these concerns, plenty of isothermal amplification methodologies such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) have been developed. Among these, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a widely usable, potential, and recognizable amplification technique achieved at a constant temperature around 60°C within 30–60 min by using only one kind of enzyme. As a robust gene amplification technique, it can be employed for the detection of bacteria, viruses, and other related food allergens. This technique has its own merits such as cost-effectiveness, facile manufacturing procedure, and consistency. In this chapter, we emphasize recent trends in designing the techniques, challenges, and the future prospects of LAMP in the detection of foodborne pathogens. These effective pathogen detection methods may offer potential benefits compared with existing conventional methods.
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Ning H, Wang S, Li Y, Sun G, He J. The cell structure damage and embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes induced by glycinin basic peptide. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104635. [PMID: 33232764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycinin basic peptide (GBP) is a natural antibacterial peptide. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial characteristics of GBP against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) by measuring the membrane potential, membrane permeability, cell damage, morphological changes, respiration metabolism inhibition and DNA content. GBP increased the surface zeta potential and decreased the trans-membrane potential of L. monocytogenes in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control, the electrical conductivities of GBP-treated bacterial suspensions were significantly increased. The percentages of bacteria with damaged membrane increased from 6.40% to 70.90% with GBP from 0 to 0.8 mg/mL. Obvious rupture and deform of bacterial cells with GBP were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), showing the destructive effect of GBP on L. monocytogenes. GBP also inhibited the embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway of the bacterial respiration metabolism and reduced the activities of its key regulator enzymes. Besides, the content of DNA in GBP-treated L. monocytogenes was lower than that in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqi Ning
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road of Changqing District, 250353, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuangtong Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road of Changqing District, 250353, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road of Changqing District, 250353, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guijin Sun
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road of Changqing District, 250353, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinxing He
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501 University Road of Changqing District, 250353, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Fanzo J, Hood A, Davis C. Eating our way through the Anthropocene. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112929. [PMID: 32416369 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the complex interactions between food systems, diets, and the environment. We discuss the challenges facing the food system as a result of environmental degradation and climate change. We review the state of current diets and their effects on human health outcomes. As we consider paths forward, we examine holistic solutions that align nutrition, health, and environmental goals. Finally, we identify ethical questions relevant to the changing global food system. We consider our moral obligations to other people - both now and in the future - and the planet, and we posit that eating is an ethical act requiring reflection at all scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amelia Hood
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Davis
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nazari-Alam A, Pourbabaee M, Hadadi M, Hooshyar H, Pourbabaee P. Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus in raw hamburgers from Kashan in 2017. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mousavi Khaneghah A, Abhari K, Eş I, Soares MB, Oliveira RB, Hosseini H, Rezaei M, Balthazar CF, Silva R, Cruz AG, Ranadheera CS, Sant’Ana AS. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kim HJ, Kwon C, Lee BS, Noh H. One-step sensing of foodborne pathogenic bacteria using a 3D paper-based device. Analyst 2019; 144:2248-2255. [PMID: 30775740 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Managing food contamination from bacteria has been an ongoing issue in the public health and industrial fields. Enzymatic substrates possessing optical properties, e.g. fluorescence or color manifestation, are widely exploited in pathogenic/non-pathogenic bacteria culture methods. Recently, various chromogenic substrates have been utilized in the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools. Herein, four types of chromogenic substrates were exploited to develop paper-based sensors for major foodborne pathogens. We designed a compact sized three-dimensional paper device with a simple user interface. By inserting functional layers in the middle of multilayers, pre-lysis and pH regulation steps were excluded and the analysis time was subsequently reduced, while only one sample droplet was needed for the whole analysis process. After the enzymatic reactions had proceeded, target-specific colors appeared. When it was combined with enrichment, 101 cfu mL-1 of pathogens were successfully detected in 4-8 hours, while those in milk samples were readily sensed in 12 hours. The proposed bacteria sensor exhibited great advantages of low cost, portability and simple operation, while showing a respectable limit-of-detection as low as 101 cfu mL-1 and below. Significantly, we emphasize that it takes fewer steps than existing methods and provides a reduced analysis time owing to the layer functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Jung Kim
- Department of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoultech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea.
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Cissé G. Food-borne and water-borne diseases under climate change in low- and middle-income countries: Further efforts needed for reducing environmental health exposure risks. Acta Trop 2019; 194:181-188. [PMID: 30946811 PMCID: PMC7172250 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Food- and water-borne diseases (FWBD) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Africa counts 91 million people falling ill and 137,000 dying per year by FWBD. Climate change could increase FWBD through bad water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Floods’ vulnerability maps of drinking water systems are important for prevention. Appropriate WASH interventions can significantly contribute in reducing FWBD under climate change.
This paper provides a view of the major facts and figures related to infectious diseases with a focus on food-borne and water-borne diseases and their link with environmental factors and climate change. The global burden of food-borne diseases for 31 selected hazards was estimated by the World Health Organization at 33 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2010 with 40% of this burden concentrated among children under 5 years of age. The highest burden per population of food-borne diseases is found in Africa, followed by Southeast Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean sub-regions. Unsafe water used for the cleaning and processing of food is a key risk factors contributing to food-borne diseases. The role of quality and quantity of water to the general burden of infectious diseases deserves attention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, as its effects go beyond the food chain. Water-related infectious diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and climate change effects will exacerbate the challenges for the public health sector for both food-borne and water-borne diseases. Selected case studies from Africa and Asia show that (i) climate change extreme events, such as floods, may exacerbate the risks for infectious diseases spreading through water systems, and (ii) improvements related to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene could result in a significant reduction of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children. There is a need to better anticipate the impacts of climate change on infectious diseases and fostering multi-stakeholder engagement and multi-sectoral collaborations for integrated interventions at schools, community and household levels. The paper calls for giving priority to improving the environmental conditions affecting food-borne and water-borne infectious diseases under climate change.
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Abstract
Foodborne disease is a major concern in Canada and represents a significant climate change-related threat to public health. Climate variables, including temperature and precipitation patterns, extreme weather events and ocean warming and acidification, are known to exert significant, complicated and interrelated effects along the entire length of the food chain. Foodborne diseases are caused by a range of bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, and the prevalence of these diseases is modified by climate change through alterations in the abundance, growth, range and survival of many pathogens, as well as through alterations in human behaviours and in transmission factors such as wildlife vectors. As climate change continues and/or intensifies, it will increase the risk of an adverse effect on food safety in Canada ranging from increased public health burden to the emergence of risks not currently seen in our food chain. Clinical and public health practitioners need to be aware of the existing and emerging risks to respond accordingly.
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Microbial Food Safety Risk to Humans Associated with Poultry Feed: The Role of Irradiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2019; 2019:6915736. [PMID: 30805357 PMCID: PMC6362498 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6915736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal feed has been linked to human illness through the food chain as a result of food borne bacteria and more recently the risk of foodborne antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the extent to which radiation can be used as an intervention to improve the safety and quality of poultry feed in terms of food borne pathogens and antibiotic resistant microbes. Mean counts of control feed samples were Log10 5.98 for total viable count (TVC), Log10 4.76 for coliform count (CC), Log10 2.89 for Staphylococcus aureus count (STC), and Log10 4.57 for yeast and mold count (YMC) and Salmonella spp. (SC) was not detected (ND). All counts were within permissible levels except for CC (Log10 4.76) which was above the permissible limit of ≤ log10 4.0. Identified bacteria isolates were Enterobacter cloacae (54.5%), Bacillus cereus (27.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%). All (100%) isolates exhibited multidrug Resistance (MDR) with Bacillus cereus being the most resistant (to 9 out of 11 antibiotics) followed by Enterobacter cloacae/Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 out of 11 antibiotics). Several resistance patterns were observed with PEN/AMP/FLX being the commonest (100%), followed by ERY (90.9%), TET (72.7%), CRX (66.6%), CTX (45.4%), CHL/CTR (36.4%), GEN (27.3%), and COT (18.2%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed zero resistance to GEN/CHL/CTR/CTX/CRX while Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus exhibited zero resistance to GEN and COT, respectively. The most effective antibiotic against Gram negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was gentamicin while cotrimoxazole was the most effective against Bacillus cereus (Gram positive). Radiation processing of 5kGy totally eliminated all microbes including MDR food borne pathogens. In view of this, we recommend low dose radiation decontamination as a measure to mitigate against the possible food safety and public health risks to humans associated with poultry feed.
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Franz CM, den Besten HM, Böhnlein C, Gareis M, Zwietering MH, Fusco V. Reprint of: Microbial food safety in the 21st century: Emerging challenges and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Franz CM, den Besten HM, Böhnlein C, Gareis M, Zwietering MH, Fusco V. Microbial food safety in the 21st century: Emerging challenges and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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