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Hossain MS, Vogt MB, Hawks SA, Coutermarsh-Ott SL, Duggal NK. Cross-protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus by West Nile virus convalescent plasma. Virology 2025; 608:110555. [PMID: 40273513 PMCID: PMC12068966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) are emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses within the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex. They share a similar transmission cycle between passerine birds and Culex spp. mosquitoes, and their spillover can cause neuroinvasive diseases among humans and animals. Individuals might be exposed to more than one of these viruses during their lifetime. Previously, we found that WNV vaccination protected mice from USUV disease, and sera collected from the WNV vaccinated mice cross-neutralized USUV in vitro. However, whether WNV convalescent (post-recovery) plasma cross-protects against heterologous SLEV or USUV infection is unknown. In this study, in vivo experiments were conducted to assess whether WNV human convalescent plasma and/or mouse convalescent serum afforded protection to mice against SLEV and USUV infection and neuroinvasion. First, we found that human and mouse WNV convalescent samples cross-neutralized USUV and SLEV in vitro. We then passively transferred human or mouse WNV convalescent samples into mice and challenged them with WNV, USUV, or SLEV. Both human and mouse WNV convalescent samples reduced WNV neuroinvasion and SLEV and USUV viremia during acute infection. Mouse WNV convalescent serum significantly reduced SLEV titers in the brain and showed a trend towards resulting in less inflammation in the brain. These findings helped to better understand the potential cross-protection among WNV, SLEV, and USUV, and identified cross-neutralizing antibodies as potential correlates of protection for individuals exposed to multiple flaviviruses, though protection was incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Megan B Vogt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Seth A Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sheryl L Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Rusenova N, Rusenov A. First Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Circulation Among Dogs in the Bulgarian Danube Region and Analysis of Some Risk Factors. Vet Sci 2025; 12:373. [PMID: 40284875 PMCID: PMC12031095 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus seroprevalence among the dog population in the Danube region, Bulgaria, to confirm the results of ELISA by the virus neutralisation test (VNT), as well as to analyse several risk factors of seropositivity in dogs. To implement this, a total of 201 blood samples were collected from dogs in four districts bordering the Danube River. All the samples were tested for anti-WNV protein E antibodies using competitive ELISA. Neutralising antibodies against WNV and Usutu virus were tested in all the ELISA-positive samples. The results show a WNV seroprevalence of 45.3% (n = 91, CI = 36.45-55.59) by ELISA, whereas the virus neutralisation test indicated a seroprevalence of 21.9% (n = 44, CI = 15.91-29.39). Neutralising antibodies against Usutu virus were detected for the first time in Bulgaria, with a prevalence of 6% (n = 12, CI = 3.09-10.43). Compared to VNT, ELISA demonstrated 100.0% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity. The region (p < 0.0187), the district (p = 0.0258) and the ages of the dogs (p = 0.0180) were identified as statistically significant risk factors associated with WNV seropositivity. This study provides indirect evidence of WNV and Usutu virus circulation among dogs in the Danube region of Bulgaria, highlighting a potential risk for susceptible hosts in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Rusenova
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anton Rusenov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Prisco RA, Nolan MS. (Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon. Microorganisms 2025; 13:650. [PMID: 40142542 PMCID: PMC11946775 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the most important countries globally in regard to arboviral disease ecology and emergence or resurgence. Unfortunately, it has shouldered a majority of arboviral disease cases from Latin America and its rich flora, fauna (including arthropod vectors), and climate have contributed to the vast expansion of multiple arboviral diseases within its borders and those that have expanded geographically outside its borders. Anthropogenic landscape changes or human-mediated changes such as agriculture, deforestation, urbanization, etc. have all been at play within the country in various locations and can also be attributed to arboviral movement and resurgence. This review describes a brief history of landscape changes within the country and compiles all the known information on all arboviruses found within Brazil (endemic and imported) that are associated with human disease and mosquitoes including their original isolation, associated vertebrate animals, associated mosquitoes and other arthropods, and human disease symptomology presentations. This information is crucial as the Western Hemisphere is currently experiencing multiple arbovirus outbreaks, including one that originated in the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding which arboviruses are and have been circulating within the country will be pertinent as anthropogenic landscape changes are consistently being perpetrated throughout the country, and the occurrence of the next arbovirus epidemic will be a matter of when, not if.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyndall C. Dye-Braumuller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.S.N.)
- Institute for Infectious Disease Translational Research, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Prisco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (R.A.P.); (M.S.N.)
- Institute for Infectious Disease Translational Research, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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4
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de Almeida PR, Weber MN, Sonne L, Spilki FR. Aedes-borne orthoflavivirus infections in neotropical primates - Ecology, susceptibility, and pathogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2030-2038. [PMID: 38230520 PMCID: PMC10800122 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231220659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases comprise a group of important infectious diseases imposing a heavy burden to public health in many locations of the world. Orthoflaviviruses are viruses belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus; this genus includes some of the most relevant arboviruses to human health. Orthoflaviviruses can infect several different hosts, with some species being transmitted in cycles involving birds and anthropophilic mosquitoes and others transmitted between mammals and mostly Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Some of the most important sylvatic reservoirs of orthoflaviviruses are non-human primates (NHPs). Many flaviviruses that infect NHPs in nature have the potential to cause epidemics in humans, as has been observed in the cases of Orthoflavivirus denguei (dengue virus - DENV), Orthoflavivirus flavi (yellow fever virus - YFV), and Orthoflavivirus zikaense (Zika virus - ZIKV). In this minireview, we discuss important aspects regarding history, ecology involving NHP, distribution, disease outcome, and pathogenesis of these three major orthoflaviviruses that affect humans and NHP and relate this information to the potential of using NHP as experimental models. In addition, we suggest some orthoflaviviruses that could be better investigated, both in nature and in experimental studies, in light of the recent revolution in molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Veterinary Pathology Sector, Veterinary Clinical Pathology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
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Chalhoub FLL, Horta MAP, Alcantara LCJ, Morales A, dos Santos LMB, Guerra-Campos V, Rodrigues CDS, Santos CC, Mares-Guia MAM, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, de Filippis AMB. Serological Evidence of Exposure to Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Horses of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112459. [PMID: 36366557 PMCID: PMC9695862 DOI: 10.3390/v14112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with arboviruses are reported worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are closely related flaviviruses affecting humans and animals. SLEV has been sporadically detected in humans, and corresponding antibodies have been frequently detected in horses throughout Brazil. WNV was first reported in western Brazil over a decade ago, has been associated with neurological disorders in humans and equines and its prevalence is increasing nationwide. Herein, we investigated by molecular and serological methods the presence of SLEV and WNV in equines from Rio de Janeiro. A total of 435 serum samples were collected from healthy horses and tested for specific neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Additionally, samples (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, central nervous system tissue) from 72 horses, including horses with neurological disorders resulting in a fatal outcome or horses which had contact with them, were tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for both viruses. Adopting the criterion of four-fold antibody titer difference, 165 horses (38%) presented neutralizing antibodies for flaviviruses, 89 (20.4%) for SLEV and five (1.1%) for WNV. No evidence of SLEV and WNV infection was detected by RT-qPCR and, thus, such infection could not be confirmed in the additional samples. Our findings indicate horses of Rio de Janeiro were exposed to SLEV and WNV, contributing to the current knowledge on the distribution of these viruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino 2700, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Carolina C. Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e de Saúde Pública do Departamento de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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Fritsch H, Pereira FM, Costa EA, Fonseca V, Tosta S, Xavier J, Levy F, de Oliveira C, Menezes G, Lima J, Santos L, Silva L, Nardy V, Astete MKG, Santos BSÁDS, Aguiar NR, Guedes MIMC, de Faria GC, Furtini R, Drumond SRM, Cunha GM, Souza MSPL, de Jesus R, Guimarães SAF, Nuno IC, de Santana ICB, de Sá JEU, Santos GR, Silva WS, Guedes TF, Araújo ELL, Said RFDC, de Albuquerque CFC, Peterka CRL, Romano APM, da Cunha RV, de Filippis AMB, Leal e Silva de Mello A, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ. Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071540. [PMID: 35891521 PMCID: PMC9316658 DOI: 10.3390/v14071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Ceará and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegger Fritsch
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Felicidade Mota Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Erica Azevedo Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde/Organização Mundial de Saúde, Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil; (V.F.); (R.F.d.C.S.); (C.F.C.d.A.)
| | - Stephane Tosta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Flavia Levy
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.L.); (C.d.O.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.L.); (C.d.O.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Gabriela Menezes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Lenisa Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Luciana Silva
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Vanessa Nardy
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Marcela Kelly Gómez Astete
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | | | - Nágila Rocha Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (H.F.); (E.A.C.); (S.T.); (J.X.); (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); (N.R.A.); (M.I.M.C.G.)
| | - Guilherme Canhestro de Faria
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (R.F.); (S.R.M.D.)
| | - Ronaldo Furtini
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (R.F.); (S.R.M.D.)
| | - Safira Rachel Milanez Drumond
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte 30110-005, Brazil; (G.C.d.F.); (R.F.); (S.R.M.D.)
| | - Gabriel Muricy Cunha
- Secretary of Health of the State of Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40301-110, Brazil; (G.M.C.); (M.S.P.L.S.)
| | | | - Ronaldo de Jesus
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil; (R.d.J.); (T.F.G.); (E.L.L.A.)
| | - Sara A. Franco Guimarães
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Italo Coelho Nuno
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Ian Carlos Brito de Santana
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - José Eduardo Ungar de Sá
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - George Roma Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Willadesmon Santos Silva
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Thiago Ferreira Guedes
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil; (R.d.J.); (T.F.G.); (E.L.L.A.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde-Brazil, Brasília 70719-040, Brazil; (R.d.J.); (T.F.G.); (E.L.L.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo Said
- Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde/Organização Mundial de Saúde, Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil; (V.F.); (R.F.d.C.S.); (C.F.C.d.A.)
| | | | - Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil; (C.R.L.P.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasilia 37650-000, Brazil; (C.R.L.P.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | | | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.L.); (C.d.O.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Arabela Leal e Silva de Mello
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof Goncalo Moniz, Salvador 41745-900, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (G.M.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (L.S.); (V.N.); (M.K.G.A.); (S.A.F.G.); (I.C.N.); (I.C.B.d.S.); (J.E.U.d.S.); (G.R.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.e.S.d.M.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.L.); (C.d.O.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.L.e.S.d.M.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Laboratorio de Flavivirus, lnstituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.L.); (C.d.O.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.e.S.d.M.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
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Löwen Levy Chalhoub F, Maia de Queiroz-Júnior E, Holanda Duarte B, Eielson Pinheiro de Sá M, Cerqueira Lima P, Carneiro de Oliveira A, Medeiros Neves Casseb L, Leal das Chagas L, Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro H, Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves M, Facundo Chaves C, Jean da Silva Moura P, Machado Rapello do Nascimento A, Giesbrecht Pinheiro R, Roberio Soares Vieira A, Bergson Pinheiro Moura F, Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva L, Nogueira Farias da Escóssia K, Caranha de Sousa L, Leticia Cavalcante Ramalho I, Williams Lopes da Silva A, Maria Simōes Mello L, Felix de Souza F, das Chagas Almeida F, dos Santos Rodrigues R, do Vale Chagas D, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante K, Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia M, Martins Guerra Campos V, Rodrigues da Costa Faria N, Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira M, Cesar Lima de Mendonça M, Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan N, de Oliveira Moreno J, Aldessandra Diniz Vieira M, Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes R, Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo F, Henrique de Oliveira Passos P, Garkauskas Ramos D, Pecego Martins Romano A, Carício Martins L, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Maria Bispo de Filippis A, Pauvolid-Corrêa A. West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1699. [PMID: 34442778 PMCID: PMC8401605 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Löwen Levy Chalhoub
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Eudson Maia de Queiroz-Júnior
- Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil; (E.M.d.Q.-J.); (A.W.L.d.S.); (J.d.O.M.)
| | - Bruna Holanda Duarte
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Marcos Eielson Pinheiro de Sá
- Departamento de Serviços Técnicos, Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Brasília, DF 70043-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Ailton Carneiro de Oliveira
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservação das Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Cabedelo, PB 58108-012, Brazil;
| | - Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (L.M.N.C.); (L.L.d.C.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Liliane Leal das Chagas
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (L.M.N.C.); (L.L.d.C.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Hamilton Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (L.M.N.C.); (L.L.d.C.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (M.S.A.S.N.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (R.L.-d.-O.)
| | | | - Paulo Jean da Silva Moura
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Aline Machado Rapello do Nascimento
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Giesbrecht Pinheiro
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Antonio Roberio Soares Vieira
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Francisco Bergson Pinheiro Moura
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Luiz Osvaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Kiliana Nogueira Farias da Escóssia
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Lindenberg Caranha de Sousa
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | | | - Antônio Williams Lopes da Silva
- Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil; (E.M.d.Q.-J.); (A.W.L.d.S.); (J.d.O.M.)
| | - Leda Maria Simōes Mello
- Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará (LACEN-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60120-002, Brazil; (I.L.C.R.); (L.M.S.M.); (F.M.d.C.A.)
| | - Fábio Felix de Souza
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Francisco das Chagas Almeida
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Raí dos Santos Rodrigues
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Diego do Vale Chagas
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (M.S.A.S.N.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (R.L.-d.-O.)
| | | | - Maria Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Vinícius Martins Guerra Campos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Nieli Rodrigues da Costa Faria
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
- Coordenação de Epidemiologia, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64018-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Nayara Camila Amorim de Alvarenga Pivisan
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | - Jarier de Oliveira Moreno
- Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Ceará (ADAGRI), Fortaleza, CE 60811-520, Brazil; (E.M.d.Q.-J.); (A.W.L.d.S.); (J.d.O.M.)
| | - Maria Aldessandra Diniz Vieira
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Boa Viagem (SMS-Boa Viagem), Boa Viagem, CE 63870-000, Brazil; (P.J.d.S.M.); (F.F.d.S.); (F.d.C.A.); (R.d.S.R.); (D.d.V.C.); (M.A.D.V.)
| | - Ricristhi Gonçalves de Aguiar Gomes
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SES-CE), Fortaleza, CE 60060-440, Brazil; (B.H.D.); (A.R.S.V.); (F.B.P.M.); (L.O.R.d.S.); (K.N.F.d.E.); (L.C.d.S.); (N.C.A.d.A.P.); (R.G.d.A.G.)
| | | | - Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Passos
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância das Arboviroses (CGARB), Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), MS, Brasília, DF 70058-900, Brazil; (A.M.R.d.N.); (R.G.P.); (M.A.d.C.e.S.V.); (P.H.d.O.P.); (D.G.R.); (A.P.M.R.)
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), MS, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (L.M.N.C.); (L.L.d.C.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Fiocruz, MS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (M.S.A.S.N.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (R.L.-d.-O.)
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; (F.L.L.C.); (M.A.M.d.M.M.-G.); (V.M.G.C.); (N.R.d.C.F.); (M.C.L.d.M.); (A.M.B.d.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
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