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Mitochondrial bioenergetics, uncoupling protein-2 activity, and reactive oxygen species production in the small intestine of a TNBS-induced colitis rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:87-98. [PMID: 32394310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient uptake across the jejunum that serves as the main site for absorption in the small intestine. This association has prompted us to investigate the bioenergetics underlying the alterations in jejunal absorption in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. We have found that mitochondrial oxygen consumption did not change in state 2 and state 3 respirations but showed an increase in state 4 respiration indicating a decrease in the respiratory control ratio of jejunal mitochondria during the peak of inflammation. This decrease in the coupling state was found to be guanosine diphosphate-sensitive, hence, implicating the involvement of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Furthermore, the study has reported that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be activators of UCP2, correlated negatively with UCP2 activity. Thus, we suggest that ROS production in the jejunum might be activating UCP2 which has an antioxidant activity, and that uncoupling of the mitochondria decreases the efficiency of energy production, leading to a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient absorption. Hence, this study is the first to account for an involvement of energy production and a role for UCP2 in the absorptive abnormalities of the small intestine in animal models of colitis.
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Shirani M, Alizadeh S, Mahdavinia M, Dehghani MA. The ameliorative effect of quercetin on bisphenol A-induced toxicity in mitochondria isolated from rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7688-7696. [PMID: 30666577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that bisphenol A (BPA) has an adverse or toxic effect on the kidney. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of quercetin (QUER) to prevent BPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Thirty-two healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, as follows: control group (olive oil), BPA group (250 mg/kg), BPA þ QUER group (250 mg/kg + 75 mg/kg), and QUER group (75 mg/kg). All treatments were orally administered for 14 days. Kidney mitochondria were isolated by administration of the different centrifugation method. Uric acid and creatinine were considered to be biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. The ameliorative effects of QUER on BPA toxicity were evaluated by determining the glutathione (GSH) content, CAT, the damage to the mitochondrial membrane, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Administration of BPA significantly decreased kidney weight. In the kidney, BPA can deplete GSH content and CAT activity, increase the mitochondrial ROS formation, and enhances LPO and mitochondrial membrane damage. The pretreatment of mitochondria with QUER has the ability to reduce the toxic effects of BPA in isolated mitochondria. These findings suggest a potential role for QUER in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dehghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Sahebi Ala F, Hassanabadi A, Golian A. Effects of dietary supplemental methionine source and betaine replacement on the growth performance and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in normal and heat-stressed broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:87-99. [PMID: 30298681 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental methionine (Met) source and betaine (Bet) replacement for Met on performance and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes (MRCEs) in normal and heat-stressed broiler chickens. Total of 1,200-day-old Ross 308 chicks were allocated to two houses, each consisted of 12 treatments, five replicates of 10 birds each with 2 × 2×3 × 2 (temperature × Met source × Met level × Bet, respectively) split-plot factorial arrangement. Met level in the basal diets was 70% requirements (Req) that was increased to the requirement or 130% by supplemental dl- or l-Met. Bet was or was not substituted at the rate of 30% supplemental dl- or l-Met. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in chicks fed 70% l-Met was lower than those fed 70% dl-Met diet during 1-10 days (p = 0.04). Broilers fed diets containing requirement or 130% Met, regardless of its source, showed higher weight gain (WG) than those received 70% Met diet during 11-42 days (p < 0.001). Feed intake (FI) of broilers fed 130% Met diet was decreased compared to other two groups during 11-42 days (p < 0.05). One hundred thirty percent Met requirement diet resulted in lower FCR comparing to other two groups during 11-42 days (p < 0.001). Heat-stressed birds grew less than those under normal condition (p < 0.05). Broilers fed Req Met diet under normal temperature exhibited higher activities of complexes (Cox) I and III (p < 0.05). Cox I activity in heat-stressed birds fed Bet + diet was similar to those fed Bet-diet under normal temperature (p = 0.046). It is concluded that performance and the activities of Cox I and III were increased as the level of Met increased. Bet replacement for 30% supplemental Met resulted in similar consequences comparing to non-Bet replacement diets on performance, but increased the activity of Cox III. l-Met was effective than dl-Met at the cellular level. High ambient temperature depressed performance and MRCE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sahebi Ala
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassanabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Araya S, Kuster E, Gluch D, Mariotta L, Lutz C, Reding TV, Graf R, Verrey F, Camargo SMR. Exocrine pancreas glutamate secretion help to sustain enterocyte nutritional needs under protein restriction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G517-G536. [PMID: 29167114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00135.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the most concentrated amino acid in blood and considered conditionally essential. Its requirement is increased during physiological stress, such as malnutrition or illness, despite its production by muscle and other organs. In the malnourished state, Gln has been suggested to have a trophic effect on the exocrine pancreas and small intestine. However, the Gln transport capacity, the functional relationship of these two organs, and the potential role of the Gln-glutamate (Glu) cycle are unknown. We observed that pancreatic acinar cells express lower levels of Glu than Gln transporters. Consistent with this expression pattern, the rate of Glu influx into acinar cells was approximately sixfold lower than that of Gln. During protein restriction, acinar cell glutaminase expression was increased and Gln accumulation was maintained. Moreover, Glu secretion by acinar cells into pancreatic juice and thus into the lumen of the small intestine was maintained. In the intestinal lumen, Glu absorption was preserved and Glu dehydrogenase expression was augmented, potentially providing the substrates for increasing energy production via the TCA cycle. Our findings suggest that one mechanism by which Gln exerts a positive effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine involves the Gln metabolism in acinar cells and the secretion of Glu into the small intestine lumen. The exocrine pancreas acinar cells not only avidly accumulate Gln but metabolize Gln to generate energy and to synthesize Glu for secretion in the pancreatic juice. Secreted Glu is suggested to play an important role during malnourishment in sustaining small intestinal homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glutamine (Gln) has been suggested to have a trophic effect on exocrine pancreas and small intestine in malnourished states, but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we suggest that this trophic effect derives from an interorgan relationship between exocrine pancreas and small intestine for Gln-glutamate (Glu) utilization involving the uptake and metabolism of Gln in acinar cells and secretion of Glu into the lumen of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Araya
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - E Kuster
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - D Gluch
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - L Mariotta
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - C Lutz
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - T V Reding
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - F Verrey
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - S M R Camargo
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Liu Y, Bao Z, Xu X, Chao H, Lin C, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang X, You Y, Liu N, Ji J. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Nuclear Factor-Erythroid2-like2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway-Mediated Mitophagy Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Intestinal Mucosa Damage and Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2119-2131. [PMID: 28093052 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zamiri MJ, Mehrabi R, Kavoosi GR, Sharifabadi HR. Relationships between the activity of respiratory-chain complexes in pre- (biopsy) or post-slaughter muscle samples and feed efficiency in random-bred Ghezel lambs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in pre- and post-slaughter muscle samples and residual feed intake (RFI) in Ghezel male lambs born as a result of random mating. The study was based on the hypothesis that random-bred lambs with lower feed (or higher) RFI have lower (or higher) respiratory chain-complex activity in muscle samples. Lambs (n = 30) were fed a diet consisting of 70% concentrate and 30% alfalfa hay during a 70-day period. Individual feed intake and average daily gain were recorded to calculate the RFI, feed-conversion ratio (FCR) and adjusted FCR (aFCR). On the basis of these calculations, the lambs were classified into low and high groups for RFI, with FCR and aFCR (n = 22) being one standard deviation above or below the means; this was corroborated by Student’s t-test (P < 0.01). At the end of the experiment, a 10-g biopsy sample was taken from the posterior side of the left femoral biceps. After 24 h, the lambs were slaughtered, and a sample from the posterior side of the right femoral biceps was dissected for determination of mitochondrial protein and respiratory chain-complex activities (Complexes I–V). The RFI was not correlated with the metabolic bodyweight and average daily gain, but was positively correlated (r = 0.56) with the average daily feed intake (P < 0.01); mean daily feed intake in the low-RFI group was 200 g less than that in the high-RFI group. The FCR and aFCR were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with average daily feed intake (r = 0.39 and r = 0.36 respectively), but showed a negative correlation (P < 0.01) with average daily gain (r = –0.73 and r = –0.76 respectively). Although very high negative correlations were recorded between the activities of all five respiratory-chain complexes and RFI in muscle samples obtained before (–0.91 to –0.97) and after (–0.92 to –0.97) slaughter, Complexes I and V showed small negative correlations (–0.40) with FCR or aFCR (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities of the respiratory-chain Complexes I, III and V were not significantly different between the pre- and post-slaughter biopsy samples; however, the enzyme activities of respiratory-chain Complexes II and IV were slightly higher in post-slaughter samples (P < 0.01). These results suggested that it may be possible to use the enzymatic activity of respiratory-chain complexes in muscle biopsy samples for screening of lambs for RFI, providing a useful procedure for genetic selection of lambs for this component of feed efficiency. These encouraging results need to be verified in further experiments using other sheep breeds and a larger number of lambs.
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Kamali Sangani A, Masoudi AA, Vaez Torshizi R. Association of mitochondrial function and sperm progressivity in slow- and fast-growing roosters. Poult Sci 2016; 96:211-219. [PMID: 27591282 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to investigate the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sperm mitochondria of 2 Iranian slow- and fast-growing chickens, namely native and Aryan strains. In this study, semen of 133 roosters was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The roosters were categorized by sperm progressivity, as a low or high sperm motility phenotype. Mitochondrial complex I (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase), II (succinate dehydrogenase), III (ubiquinol cytochrome C reductase), IV (cytochrome C oxidase) activity, ATP, and ROS production in sperm were assayed. As a result, Aryan roosters with high progressive motility levels (HPL) had the greatest progressivity. Progressive motility was significant in in both strains (Aryan and native; P = 0.020) and motility levels (high and low; P = 0.007). The highest activity of complexes I was observed in Aryan with HPL roosters (P = 0.004). Native roosters with HPLs demonstrated higher complex activities I compared with Aryan and native roosters with low progressive motility levels (LPL) (P = 0.004). Significant differences were observed not only in the mitochondrial amounts of ATP of the strains (P = 0.000) but also between HPL and LPL (P = 0.003). The highest mitochondrial amounts of ATP was found in Aryan roosters with HPL (P = 0.021). Native roosters with LPL had the highest concentration of mitochondrial ROS (P = 0.033). The Aryan roosters with HPL, on the other hand, indicated less concentration of the mitochondrial ROS compared with Aryan having LPL and native roosters with HPL and LPL (P = 0.033). A significant difference was observed in the mitochondrial ROS between the strains (P = 0.004) and between HPL and LPL (P = 0.000). There was positive relationship between progressivity and each of mitochondrial complexes and ATP (r = 0.71, 0.62, 0.90 and 0.65 respectively). Based on our results, the sperm progressivity largely depends on the whole energy production originating in the mitochondrial compartment. Therefore, the deficiency in the function of mitochondria in the sperm and energy production could be responsible for low progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamali Sangani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - A A Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu KJ, Huang H, Chu H, Yu H, Zhang SM. Alterations in enterocyte mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activities in gastrointestinal dysfunction following brain injury. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9585-9591. [PMID: 25071356 PMCID: PMC4110593 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the alterations in rat enterocyte mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activities following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
METHODS: Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups (8 rats in each group): a control group (rats with sham operation) and traumatic brain injury groups at 6, 12, 24 h, days 2, 3, and 7 after operation. TBI models were induced by Feendy’s free-falling method. Mitochondrial respiratory function (respiratory control ratio and ADP/O ratio) was measured with a Clark oxygen electrode. The activities of respiratory chain complex I-IV and related enzymes were determined by spectrophotometry.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) declined at 6 h and remained at a low level until day 7 after TBI (control, 5.42 ± 0.46; 6 h, 5.20 ± 0.18; 12 h, 4.55 ± 0.35; 24 h, 3.75 ± 0.22; 2 d, 4.12 ± 0.53; 3 d, 3.45 ± 0.41; 7 d, 5.23 ± 0.24, P < 0.01). The value of phosphate-to-oxygen (P/O) significantly decreased at 12, 24 h, day 2 and day 3, respectively (12 h, 3.30 ± 0.10; 24 h, 2.61 ± 0.21; 2 d, 2.95 ± 0.18; 3 d, 2.76 ± 0.09, P < 0.01) compared with the control group (3.46 ± 0.12). Two troughs of mitochondrial respiratory function were seen at 24 h and day 3 after TBI. The activities of mitochondrial complex I (6 h: 110 ± 10, 12 h: 115 ± 12, 24 h: 85 ± 9, day 2: 80 ± 15, day 3: 65 ± 16, P < 0.01) and complex II (6 h: 105 ± 8, 12 h: 110 ± 92, 24 h: 80 ± 10, day 2: 76 ± 8, day 3: 68 ± 12, P < 0.01) were increased at 6 h and 12 h following TBI, and then significantly decreased at 24 h, day 2 and day 3, respectively. However, there were no differences in complex I and II activities between the control and TBI groups. Furthermore, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was significantly decreased at 6 h and continued up to 7 d after TBI compared with the control group (6 h: 90 ± 8, 12 h: 85 ± 10, 24 h: 65 ± 12, day 2: 60 ± 9, day 3: 55 ± 6, day 7: 88 ± 11, P < 0.01). The changes in α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase (KGDH) activity were similar to PDH, except that the decrease in KGDH activity began at 12 h after TBI (12 h: 90 ± 12, 24 h: 80 ± 9, day 2: 76 ± 15, day 3: 68 ± 7, day 7: 90 ± 13, P < 0.01). No significant change in malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity was observed.
CONCLUSION: Rat enterocyte mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activities are inhibited following TBI. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in TBI-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Ramakrishna V, Gopi S, Setty OH. Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against bromobenzene-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat kidney. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sharifabadi HR, Zamiri MJ, Rowghani E, Bottje WG. Relationship between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and feed efficiency in fat-tailed Ghezel lambs1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1807-15. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Rajaei Sharifabadi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. J. Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - E. Rowghani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - W. G. Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by co-administration of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:179-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Srilaxmi P, Sareddy GR, Kavi Kishor PB, Setty OH, Babu PP. Protective efficacy of natansnin, a dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. BMC Pharmacol 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20939865 PMCID: PMC2967507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon tetra chloride (CCl4), an industrial solvent, is a hepatotoxic agent and it is the well established animal model for free radical-induced liver injury. The present investigation was carried out to establish the protective effect of natansnin, a novel dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. Results CCl4 significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxides, oxidized glutathione and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione, SOD and CAT. CCl4 induce marked histopathological changes and increase in the levels of apoptotic proteins. CCl4 treatment significantly increased the levels of apoptotic proteins such as caspases-3, PARP, Bax, Bid and cytochrome C and also increased the levels of inflammatory mediators iNos and Cox-2. Natansnin treatment significantly decreased the levels of CCl4 induced apoptotic proteins and inflammatory mediators. Further natansinin treatment significantly inhibited the CCl4 induced apoptosis which was evident form the reduced TUNEL positive cells. Conclusions In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effect of natansnin against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver tissue. This protective effect of natansnin can be correlated to its direct antioxidant effect.
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Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against bromobenzene induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver mitochondria. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2170-5. [PMID: 20488219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (AEPF) against bromobenzene induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver mitochondria. Administration of bromobenzene (10 mmol/kg body wt.) significantly decreased the rate of respiration (with glutamate+malate or succinate as substrates), abolished respiratory control ratio (RCR) and P/O ratios completely. There was a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls and a significant decrease in the total sulphydryl groups. The activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. The levels of antioxidants like reduced and oxidized glutathione were significantly decreased compared to control. Administration of rats with an AEPF (100mg/kg body wt.) prior to bromobenzene administration showed several beneficial effects like: (i) complete protection on mitochondrial respiration, RCR and P/O ratios (ii) lipid peroxides and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lowered (iii) increased the levels of sulphydryl groups and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and (iv) significant increase in the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione. Vitamin E was used as positive control and bromobenzene induced mitochondrial dysfunction was protected better with AEPF compared to vitamin E.
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Gopi S, Setty OH. Beneficial effect of the administration of Hemidesmus indicus against bromobenzene induced oxidative stress in rat liver mitochondria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:200-203. [PMID: 19799985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To study the beneficial effect of the prior administration of an aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus against bromobenzene induced oxidative damage in rat liver mitochondria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxidative stress was induced in rats with bromobenzene (10 mmol/kg body wt.). The rate of respiration, P/O ratios, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls and sulphydryls were studied. RESULTS When the rats were administered with bromobenzene, the rate of respiration was decreased significantly and the P/O ratio was completely abolished. There was a significant increase on the levels of lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl and a significant decrease on total sulphydryl groups when compared with control. Administration of rats with an aqueous extract (100mg/kg) prior to bromobenzene administration showed significant beneficial effects like, stimulation in respiration, prevented the rise in lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls, increased the level of sulphydryl groups back to control level. Administration of vitamin E could not reverse as effectively as Hemidesmus indicus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a good protective effect of Hemidesmus indicus against the bromobenzene induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gopi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu N. Emblica officinalisProtects Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. J Med Food 2009; 12:327-33. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - P. Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
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16
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Ojano-Dirain C, Tinsley NB, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje WG. Membrane potential and H2O2 production in duodenal mitochondria from broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) with low and high feed efficiency. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:934-41. [PMID: 17409002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was observed in duodenal mitochondria obtained from broiler chickens with low feed efficiency (FE). As a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) due to mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation reduces reactive oxygen species production, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of uncoupling on Deltapsi(m) and H2O2 production in duodenal mitochondria isolated from broilers with low (0.48+/-0.02) and high (0.68+/-0.01) FE. Membrane potential and H2O2 production were measured fluorometrically and in the presence of different levels of an uncoupler, carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). The Deltapsi(m) was higher (P<or=0.05) in high FE mitochondria at 0 to 600 nM FCCP. A decrease in Deltapsi(m) was observed at 600 and 1000 nM FCCP in the low and high FE groups, respectively. H2O2 generation was higher in the low FE mitochondria at all FCCP levels except at 200 nM. Adding 200 to 800 nM FCCP decreased H2O2 production in low but not in high FE mitochondria. These results showed that FCCP-induced uncoupling lowered H2O2 production in low FE but not in high FE duodenal mitochondria and suggest that Deltapsi(m) may influence H2O2 production in low FE mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ojano-Dirain
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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17
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Ojano-Dirain C, Toyomizu M, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje WG. Gene Expression in Breast Muscle and Duodenum from Low and High Feed Efficient Broilers. Poult Sci 2007; 86:372-81. [PMID: 17234853 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.2.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes that are involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis: avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT), cytochrome oxidase III (COX III), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), avian PPAR-gamma coactivator-1alpha (avPGC-1alpha), and avian uncoupling protein in breast muscle and duodenum of broilers with low and high feed efficiency (FE). Total RNA was extracted from snap-frozen tissues from male broilers with low (0.55 +/- 0.01) and high (0.72 +/- 0.01) FE (n = 8 per group). Total RNA was reverse-transcribed using oligo(dT), random primers, or both followed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Protein oxidation, measured as protein carbonyls, was also evaluated in duodenal mucosa. Protein carbonyls were higher in low FE mucosa in tissue homogenate and mitochondrial fraction. The mRNA expression of iNOS and PPAR-gamma in the duodenum was lower in the low FE broilers, with no differences in avANT, COX III, and avPGC-1alpha. In contrast, expression of avANT and COX III mRNA in breast muscle was lower in low FE broilers with no differences in iNOS, PPAR-gamma, and avPGC-1alpha. The avian uncoupling protein in breast muscle was higher in low FE birds (P = 0.068). These results indicate that there are differences in the expression of mRNA encoding for mitochondrial transcription factors and proteins in breast muscle and duodenal tissue between low and high FE birds. The differences that were observed may also reflect inherent metabolic and gene regulation differences between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ojano-Dirain
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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18
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Eder AR, Arriaga EA. Capillary electrophoresis monitors enhancement in subcellular reactive oxygen species production upon treatment with doxorubicin. Chem Res Toxicol 2006; 19:1151-9. [PMID: 16978019 PMCID: PMC2626132 DOI: 10.1021/tx060083i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of doxorubicin (DOX) accumulation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production detected in individually electrophoresed organelles, including mitochondria, acidic organelles, and peroxisomes. While bulk measurements of ROS production in cells and organelles are not capable of discriminating between the effects of preparative procedures on measured ROS production, capillary electrophoresis with dual laser-induced detection of individual organelles demonstrated a difference in the measured ROS production as a result of various preparative procedures. Using this technique, the three different types of detected organelles (i) produce ROS and do not have detectable levels of DOX, (ii) contain detectable DOX but do not produce ROS, or (iii) produce ROS and accumulate DOX. The third type displays two subpopulations of organelles, one of which demonstrated a direct relationship between DOX uptake and subsequent ROS production, corresponding most likely to mitochondria, and a second one with low DOX uptake but large variation in ROS production, corresponding most likely to acidic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar A Arriaga
- *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +1 612 624 8024; fax +1, 612 626 7541. E-mail address:
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19
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Sailaja R, Setty OH. Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against allyl alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver mitochondria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:201-9. [PMID: 16359838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of administration of allyl alcohol on the oxidative stress and the protective effect due to administration of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus against allyl alcohol-induced damage in liver mitochondria were studied. When rats were treated with allyl alcohol, the rate of mitochondrial respiration was decreased significantly with both NAD(+)- and FAD-linked substrates. The respiratory control ratio, an index of membrane integrity and the P/O ratio, a measure of phosphorylation efficiency also decreased significantly. There was a significant increase in the lipid peroxide level and the protein carbonyl content. A significant decrease was observed in the total sulphydryl groups and a significant increase in the generation of superoxide radicals. Administration of rats with an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (100 mg/kg) prior to allyl alcohol administration showed protection of 72, 40 and 80% using glutamate+malate (NADH oxidation) and 77, 54 and 20% using succinate as substrate on state 3, RCR and P/O ratio, respectively. The protection on lipid peroxide level was 88 and 91% in homogenate and mitochondria, respectively. In case of protein carbonyls, total sulphydryl groups and on the generation of superoxide radicals the protection was 99, 59 and 53%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sailaja
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachi Bowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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20
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Ojano-Dirain C, Pumford NR, Iqbal M, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje WG. Biochemical evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain in duodenum of low and high feed efficient broilers. Poult Sci 2005; 84:1926-34. [PMID: 16479952 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.12.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased H2O2 production, indicating higher oxidative stress, and lower mitochondrial function was previously observed in duodenal mitochondria isolated from broilers with low feed efficiency (FE, gain:feed). Thus, experiments were conducted to 1) evaluate the activity of the respiratory chain complexes (complexes I to V) and 2) assess protein oxidation and mitochondrial protein expression in broilers with low and high FE. Duodenal mitochondria were isolated from broiler breeders with low (0.52 +/- 0.01) and high (0.68 +/- 0.01) FE (n = 8/group). Respiratory chain complex activities were measured spectrophotometrically, whereas mitochondrial protein expression and protein oxidation (carbonyls) were assessed with Western blots. The activities of all complexes, except complex IV, were lower in the low FE compared with high FE mitochondria, whereas protein carbonyl levels were higher in low FE mitochondria. Steady-state levels of 6 out of 7 nuclear-encoded respiratory chain subunits [70S(FP), core I, core II, cytochrome c (cyt c)1, iron-sulfur protein (ISP), and ATPase-alpha] were higher, whereas 3 out of 6 mitochondrial-encoded subunits (ND4, ND6-C, and COX II) were lower in the low FE group, suggesting that sensitivity of mitochondrial proteins to H2O2 or oxidation varies. The general reduction in complex activity and differential protein expression concomitant with higher oxidized proteins in low FE mitochondria suggest that oxidative stress could be contributing to the lower mitochondrial function observed in low FE duodenal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ojano-Dirain
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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21
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Gao C, Xu L, Chai W, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhang G. Amelioration of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury with intraluminal hyperoxygenated solution: studies on structural and functional changes of enterocyte mitochondria. J Surg Res 2005; 129:298-305. [PMID: 16115649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraluminal hyperoxygenated solution (HOS) on enterocyte mitochondrial structure and respiratory function after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two rabbits were divided randomly into four groups: control group in which sham operation was performed (Sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), and two HOS treatment groups (H1 group and H2 group). Intestinal IR model was produced by clamping superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with an atraumatic vascular clamp for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. Animals in the H1 group and H2 group received intraluminal HOS infusion for 1 h immediately after occlusion of SMA, and the rates of infusion were 10 and 20 mL/kg.h, respectively. After 2 h of reperfusion, enterocyte mitochondria morphological quantitative analysis was made with electron microscopy and biogenetics stereology, and the following parameters, including mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), intestinal O(2) extraction ratio (ER), and mucosal ATP contents, were measured, respectively. RESULTS After IR, the mitochondria was severely swollen with broken cristae, and mean transaction area, diameter, surface density, and volume density of the mitochondria increased significantly. Meanwhile, specific surface and numeral density of the mitochondria decreased significantly. The mitochondrial RCR, intestinal O(2) ER, and mucosal ATP contents were all decreased significantly. There were no differences in all parameters between the IR group and H1 group. In the H2 group, the mitochondria were slightly swollen, and mean transaction area, diameter, surface density, and volume density of the mitochondria were all significantly lower, with the specific surface and numeral density of the mitochondria significantly higher compared with the IR group. The mitochondrial RCR, intestinal O(2) ER and mucosal ATP contents in H2 group were all significantly higher than those in IR group. CONCLUSIONS Intraluminal HOS infusion at 20 mL/kg.h during ischemia ameliorates structural and functional changes of enterocyte mitochondria associated with intestinal IR injury, which is a safe, simple, and effective measure to protect the intestine from IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatology Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, China
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22
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Ojano-Dirain C, Iqbal M, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje W. Glutathione and respiratory chain complex activity in duodenal mitochondria of broilers with low and high feed efficiency. Poult Sci 2005; 84:782-8. [PMID: 15913191 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.5.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in intestinal mitochondria obtained from broiler breeder males with low feed efficiency (FE, gain-to-feed). Because antioxidants are critical for combating ROS-mediated oxidative stress and preserving mitochondrial function, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in mitochondria, 2) to measure activities of GSH recycling enzymes: GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase, and 3) to establish relationships between antioxidants and respiratory chain complex activities (complexes I, II, III, IV, and V) in broiler breeder males with low and high FE. Duodenal mitochondria were isolated from broilers with low (0.62 +/- 0.01, n = 8) and high (0.80 +/- 0.01, n = 8) FE. Activities of respiratory chain complexes, GSH peroxidase, and GSH reductase, and levels of GSH were measured by UV spectrophotometry. There were no differences in GSH peroxidase or reductase activities or in individual complex activities between groups but GSH levels tended to be higher (P = 0.075) and oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio tended to be lower (P = 0.077) in broilers with high FE. Regression analysis revealed significant correlations (P < or = 0.05) between mitochondrial GSH and activities of complexes II, IV, and V with R2 values of 0.35, 0.56, and 0.49, respectively. These data suggest that GSH may be important in maintaining or enhancing the activity of certain respiratory chain complexes and could be involved in the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ojano-Dirain
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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23
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Ojano-Dirain CP, Iqbal M, Cawthon D, Swonger S, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje W. Determination of mitochondrial function and site-specific defects in electron transport in duodenal mitochondria in broilers with low and high feed efficiency. Poult Sci 2004; 83:1394-403. [PMID: 15339016 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.8.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duodenal mitochondria were isolated from broiler breeder males with high (0.79+/-0.01, n = 9) and low (0.63+/-0.02, n = 9) feed efficiency (FE) to assess relationships of FE with duodenal mitochondrial function and site-specific defects in electron transport. Sequential additions of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) resulted in 1) higher respiratory control ratio (RCR; an index of respiratory chain coupling) in high FE mitochondria provided succinate, and 2) higher ADP to oxygen ratio (ADP:O; an index of oxidative phosphorylation) in low FE mitochondria provided NADH-linked substrates (malate, pyruvate, or both). Basal electron leak, measured as H2O2 production, was greater in low FE mitochondria provided succinate (P = 0.08) or NADH-linked substrates. As H2O2 levels were elevated in low FE compared with high FE mitochondria by complex I (P+/-0.07) and complex II inhibition, the higher basal electron leak in low FE mitochondria was apparently due to site-specific defects in electron transport at complexes I and II. Elevations in H2O2 above basal levels indicated that high FE mitochondria may also exhibit electron transport defects at complexes I and III. Despite an ability to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that was equal or superior to that demonstrated in high FE duodenal mitochondria, low FE mitochondria exhibited a greater inherent degree of electron leak. The results provide insight into the role that duodenal mitochondria play in the phenotypic expression of FE in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ojano-Dirain
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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24
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Padma P, Setty OH. Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against carbon tetrachloride-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sci 1999; 64:2411-7. [PMID: 10374905 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of carbon tetrachloride administration on liver mitochondrial function and the protective effect of an aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus were studied in rats. The following changes were observed in mitochondria due to the administration of carbon tetrachloride. 1) A decrease in the rate of respiration, respiratory control ratio and P/O ratio using glutamate and malate or succinate as substrates. 2) A decrease in the activities of NADH dehydrogenase (35%), succinate dehydrogenase (76%) and cytochrome c oxidase (51%). The rate of electron transfer through site I, site II and site III was studied independently and found to be significantly decreased. 3) A decrease in the content of cytochrome aa3 (34%). 4) A significant decrease in the levels of phospholipids particularly cardiolipin and a significant increase in the lipid peroxide level was observed. The carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity may be partly due to the lipid peroxidation and partly due to the effect on protein synthesis. Administration of rats with an aqueous extract of P. fraternus prior to carbon tetrachloride administration showed significant protection on the carbon tetrachloride induced mitochondrial dysfunction on all the parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
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25
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Sebastian T, Setty OH. Protective effect of P. fraternus against ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Alcohol 1999; 17:29-34. [PMID: 9895034 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-8329(98)00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption (10 g per kg body weight) significantly decreased the rate of respiration, P/O ratio, and respiratory control ratio (RCR). The activities of NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were significantly decreased in submitochondrial particles by ethanol administration compared to control. No significant difference was observed in membrane potential of submitochondrial particles. Cytochrome b, c and aa3 content of mitochondria were significantly decreased by ethanol feeding. Ethanol-induced inhibition on rate of respiration, P/O ratio, and RCR was relieved to a great extent by the administration of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (100 mg dry powder of the plant per kg body weight) along with ethanol. The decrease in the content of cytochromes due to ethanol administration was revived partially by aqueous extract of P. fraternus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sebastian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
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26
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Tanaka M, Ishibashi T, Okamoto K, Toyomizu M. Tissue- and substrate-dependent responses of oxidative phosphorylation to dietary protein level in chicks. Br J Nutr 1993; 70:459-69. [PMID: 8260473 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19930140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ADP:O values in both cardiac and hepatic mitochondria have significantly decreased with an increase in protein level after 7, 14 and 21 d of feeding (Toyomizu et al. 1992). The present studies were undertaken to clarify tissue-specific effects of dietary protein levels on oxidative phosphorylation in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscles and small intestine and to characterize oxidative metabolism with diverse substrates in the liver. Chicks were fed on semi-purified diets of different protein levels (7, 25, 43 and 61% of metabolizable energy content) for 21 d. The responses of protein levels to oxidative phosphorylation showed tissue-dependency; although liver mitochondria of chickens fed on higher-protein diets exhibited reduced ADP:O values and state 3, neither changes in ADP:O value nor state 3 and state 4 rates were observed in the isolated mitochondria from kidney and skeletal muscles. Small intestinal mucosal mitochondria from chickens fed on a high (61%)-protein-energy diet showed significantly reduced ADP:O value and respiratory control ratio when compared with medium-protein-energy diets (25 and 43%). In liver mitochondria showing the most sensitive dependency to the levels of dietary protein, the ADP:O value decreased with increasing protein levels when pyruvate+malate- or glutamate-requiring complexes I, III and IV of the electron transport chain were used as substrates, but it did not change when succinate-requiring complexes II, III and IV or ascorbate+tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine requiring complex IV was used. These results imply that impaired oxidative phosphorylation capacities with increasing dietary protein levels may be associated with functional damage to the respiratory chain for electron flow from NAD-linked substrates to the ubiquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Department of Agriculture, Niigata University, Japan
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27
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Filez L, Stalmans W, Penninckx F, Kerremans R. Influences of ischemia and reperfusion on the feline small-intestinal mucosa. J Surg Res 1990; 49:157-63. [PMID: 2199734 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(90)90255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The alterations of several small-intestinal mucosal enzymes have been examined in cats that underwent different periods (1-4 hr) of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by 4 hr of reperfusion. The damage progressed during ischemia and reperfusion from the villus tips to the crypts: first, there was a rapid decrease in the activity of maltase, a brush-border enzyme; a slower decline occurred in two cytoplasmic enzymes, aldolase A (with preferential location in feline villus cells) and lactate dehydrogenase (with an ubiquitous distribution); a lag preceded the decrease in aldolase B (a cytoplasmic enzyme shown to occur mainly in feline crypt cells). For all these enzymes, the initial period of reperfusion was associated with a greater decrease in enzyme activity than persisting ischemia. By determination of the unsedimentable proportion of glutamate dehydrogenase (a mitochondrial matrix enzyme) and of acid phosphatase (a lysosomal enzyme) it was demonstrated that ischemia caused important mitochondrial damage before the cells were lost, whereas no lysosomal damage was observed in any condition. These sensitive parameters of cell damage can serve as a criterion for an adequate evaluation of potential cytoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Filez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Gauthier T, Denis-Pouxviel C, Murat JC. Respiration of mitochondria isolated from differentiated and undifferentiated HT29 colon cancer cells in the presence of various substrates and ADP generating systems. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 22:411-7. [PMID: 2159927 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90145-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Oxygen consumption was investigated in two cultured subpopulations of either undifferentiated (Glc+ cells) or differentiated (Glc- cells) HT29 colon cancer cells and in the corresponding isolated mitochondria. In Glc+ cells, a decrease of the respiration is induced by the presence of glucose (Crabtree effect), whereas it is not the case in Glc- cells. 2. The oxidative phosphorylation rate of Glc- mitochondria is found to be much higher than that of Glc+ mitochondria, due to a higher efficiency to oxidize glutamine, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate or malate. 3. In both types of mitochondria, respiration can be supported by the ADP formed by adenylate kinase or nucleotide diphosphate kinase, and, although to a lesser extent in Glc- mitochondria, by hexokinase. 4. Glc+ cells are characterized by a low respiration capacity and a high glycolytic flux leading to the Crabtree effect. Glc- cells are characterized by a better correlation between a moderate glycolytic flux and a high respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gauthier
- Institut de Physiologie, INSERM U.317, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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29
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Gauthier T, Denis-Pouxviel C, Paris H, Murat JC. Study on ATP-generating system and related hexokinase activity in mitochondria isolated from undifferentiated or differentiated HT29 adenocarcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 975:231-8. [PMID: 2525930 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional properties of mitochondria bound hexokinase are compared in two subpopulations of the HT29 human colon cancer cell-line: (1) the HT29 Glc+ cells, cultured in the presence of glucose, which are poorly differentiated and highly glycolytic and (2) the HT29 Glc- cells, adapted to grow in a glucose-free medium, which are 'enterocyte-like' differentiated and less glycolytic when given glucose (Zweibaum et al. (1985) J. Cell Physiol. 122, 21-28). The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1 and pyruvate kinase are found to be twice as high in Glc+ cells when compared to Glc- cells. Besides, the respiration rate is decreased in Glc+ cells compared to Glc- cells. These results correlate with the higher glycolytic rate in Glc+ cells. In many tissues, it has been shown that the binding of hexokinase to the mitochondrial outer membrane allows a preferential utilization of the ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation which, in turn, is activated by immediate restitution of ADP. In highly glycolytic cancer cells, although a large fraction of hexokinase is bound to the mitochondria, the existence of such a channeling of nucleotides is still poorly documented. The rates of glucose phosphorylation by bound hexokinase were investigated in mitochondria isolated from both Glc+ and Glc- cells either with exogenous ATP or with ATP generated by mitochondria supplied with ADP and succinate (endogenous ATP). Diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ado2P5), oligomycin and carboxyatractyloside (CAT) were used in combination or separately as metabolic inhibitors of adenylate kinase, ATP synthase and ATP/ADP translocator, respectively. Exogenous ATP appears to be 6.5-times more efficient than endogenous ATP in supporting hexokinase activity in the mitochondria from Glc+ cells and only 1.8-times cells. The rate of oxidative phosphorylation being higher in mitochondria from Glc- cells, hexokinase activity is higher in this model when ATP is generated by respiration. Furthermore, in Glc+ mitochondria, the adenylate kinase reaction appears to be an important source of endogenous ATP for bound hexokinase, while, in Glc- mitochondria, hexokinase activity is almost totally dependent on the ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation. This result might be explained by our previous finding that mitochondria from Glc+ cells lack contact sites between outer and inner membrane, whereas numerous contacts were observed in mitochondria from Glc- cells (Denis-Pouxviel et al. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 902, 335-348).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gauthier
- INSERM U 317, Institut de Physiologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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30
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Denis-Pouxviel C, Riesinger I, Bühler C, Brdiczka D, Murat JC. Regulation of mitochondrial hexokinase in cultured HT 29 human cancer cells. An ultrastructural and biochemical study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 902:335-48. [PMID: 3620464 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(87)90202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the mitochondrial bound hexokinase in aerobic glycolysis was investigated in two subpopulations of the HT 29 human colon cancer cell line: a poorly differentiated one with high aerobic lactate production (referred as undifferentiated or standard cells), and an enterocyte-like differentiated one with lower lactate production (referred as differentiated or Glc- cells). After mild digitonin treatment, 85% of the total cellular hexokinase activity remained in the particulate fraction in both cell types. In both cases mitochondria appeared to be tightly coupled but the Glc- cells exhibited a significantly higher oxidation rate in the presence of glucose. Electron microscopy of freeze-fractured cells revealed the absence of contacts between the two limiting mitochondrial membranes in the highly glycolytic standard cells, whereas the contacts were present in the Glc- cells. Furthermore, we investigated the functional relationship between bound hexokinase (as hexokinase-porin complex) and the inner compartment of mitochondria isolated from standard and Glc- HT 29 cells. In contrast to the differentiated cells the hexokinase in undifferentiated standard cells was not functionally coupled to the oxidative phosphorylation. This suggests that the high rate of lactate formation in neoplastic cells is not caused by an increase of particulate hexokinase activity but rather by a disregulation of the hexokinase-porin complex caused by the absence of contact sites between the two mitochondrial membranes. In agreement with this interpretation, the hexokinase-porin complex could be completely removed by digitonin treatment in standard HT 29 cells, while this was not possible in mitochondria from Glc- cells.
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