1
|
Kamada H. 12-Oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, a candidate signal for placenta separation, activates matrix metalloproteinase and induces apoptosis in bovine trophoblast cells. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:429-440. [PMID: 35798033 PMCID: PMC9996261 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a strong candidate signal for placenta separation following calf discharge at delivery. In the present study, the effects of 12-KETE on bovine trophoblast cells were investigated to determine its function in the placentome at delivery. METHODS Bovine trophoblast cells derived from blastocysts were used. They were cocultured with or without fibroblasts derived from bovine placentome and/or bovine uterine epithelial cells. 12-KETE was added to the culture medium. RESULTS Bovine trophoblast cells contained binucleate cells and strongly expressed caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2) genes. Addition of 12-KETE to the trophoblast cell colony without feeder cells or that on a fibroblast monolayer induced rapid exfoliation of the colony. After 12-KETE addition, trophoblast cells emitted strong fluorescence caused by the degradation of dye-quenched collagen, indicating that 12-KETE activated matrix metalloproteinase of the trophoblast cells. Exfoliated cell colonies were stained with YOPRO-1, but not propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, DNA fragmentation and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) gene (apoptosis stimulator) upregulation were observed in exfoliated cells, indicating that 12-KETE induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. These results were consistent with previous in vivo observations; however, even a lower concentration of 12-KETE activated trophoblast protease. Meanwhile, fibroblasts derived from the bovine placentome converted arachidonic acid to 12-KETE. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that 12-KETE may serve as a signal for placenta separation at delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Kamada
- Institute of livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan.,Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Lippolis JD, Peterson-Burch BD, Reinhardt TA. Differential expression analysis of proteins from neutrophils in the periparturient period and neutrophils from dexamethasone-treated dairy cows. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 111:149-64. [PMID: 16430970 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in the host immune system's defense against pathogens. It has been established that neutrophil functionality is suppressed in dairy cows at parturition. The periparturient immunosuppression seen in dairy cattle is associated with an increase in the incidence of mastitis. Using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents we have measured relative protein expression from normal prepartum neutrophils and neutrophils isolated during immunosuppression at parturition. We found over 40 proteins that are differentially expressed at parturition compared to prepartum. In addition, we measured relative protein expression from normal neutrophils and neutrophils obtained from cows treated with an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone. We found over 70 proteins are differentially expressed during dexamethasone treatment. We then compared protein expression changes in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression to periparturient immunosuppression. A number of proteins underwent similar expression changes in both dexamethasone and periparturient immunosuppressed neutrophils. Most significantly, we found a significant number of proteins whose relative expression was not the same for these two different conditions that cause neutrophil dysfunction. The data demonstrates that there are both similarities and differences in neutrophil protein expression in the naturally occurring immunosuppression observed at parturition compared to dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression in the bovine neutrophil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Lippolis
- Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Limor R, Weisinger G, Gilad S, Knoll E, Sharon O, Jaffe A, Kohen F, Berger E, Lifschizt-Mercer B, Stern N. A novel form of platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase mRNA in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2001; 38:864-71. [PMID: 11641300 DOI: 10.1161/hy1001.092653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lipoxygenase pathway has been implicated in the growth, migration, and contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the precise type of lipoxygenase present in the vascular wall has not been characterized. In this study, we used a specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method with 2 sets of specific primers on total RNA and polyA (+)RNA of normal human VSMCs prepared from umbilical artery. Two forms of platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase mRNA were present in human VSMCs: the already published form cloned from human erythroleukemia cells and a variant form of platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase, which includes 2 additional sequences consistent with the 2 introns (D and E). This novel form of 12-lipoxygenase poly A (+)RNA was downregulated by lipopolysaccharide (10 ug/ml) and upregulated by epidermal growth factor (100 ng/ml) but was not affected by angiotensin II (10(-7) mol/l). We developed a rabbit anti-human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase polyclonal antibody directed against a 24-amino acid peptide encoded within exon 4. Western immunoblotting of protein extracted from VSMCs and umbilical artery and platelet extract with this antibody showed a coordinate 110-kDa protein and the already-described 70-kDa band detected in platelets and cord homogenate. Another 120-kDa protein was consistently detected in cord extracts but not in platelet or VSMC homogenates. The immunohistochemistry study performed with the same antibody showed extensive cytoplasmic staining of VSMCs. The specific role of these different forms of platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase is subject to further investigation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/enzymology
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Introns/genetics
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Substrate Specificity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Limor
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv-Souraski Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen K, Herman CA. Partial purification and characterization of 12-lipoxygenase in bullfrog erythrocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:563-73. [PMID: 11281273 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
12-Lipoxygenase (12-LO) in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) erythrocytes was purified partially by ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. Bullfrog 12-LO was a single chain protein with a pI of 7.1-7.8 and MW of 7.77 kDa. This enzyme did not show typical Michaelis Menten type kinetics. At low substrate concentrations, it had a lag phase and at higher substrate concentrations, the activity was inhibited. The product of linoleic acid (LA), 13-hydroperoxy-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HpODE), was an activator for the enzyme. When arachidonic acid (AA) was used as substrate, 13-HpODE also affected the Km of bullfrog 12-LO towards AA. The affinity of LA towards bullfrog 12-LO was higher than the affinity of AA. Suicide inactivation was much more rapid than that of any mammalian 12-LO reported. Hemoglobin (Hb) inhibited the activity of 12-LO partially and removing Hb eliminated this inhibition. Both Hb and Met-Hb inhibited the 12-LO activity but did not denatured completely the Hb, suggesting that the inhibition was a direct interaction between 12-LO and Hb protein chain and was not due to competition between 12-LO and Hb for oxygen. This study characterizes bullfrog 12-LO with respect to stability, optimal pH, suicide inactivation and interaction with Hb and provides important evolutionary information about this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Herbertsson H, Kühme T, Hammarström S. The 650-kDa 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid binding complex: occurrence in human platelets, identification of hsp90 as a constituent, and binding properties of its 50-kDa subunit. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 367:33-8. [PMID: 10375396 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A cytosolic 650-kDa complex which binds 12(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) with high affinity and specificity has been found in various cell lines but not until now in platelet cytosol. After incubation of human platelets with 12(S)-[3H]HETE, a labeled cytosolic 650-kDa complex was isolated. As previously shown for the binding complex in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, ATP treatment transformed the platelet complex into a 50-kDa ligand-binding subunit. These results are of interest for two reasons: (a) 12(S)-HETE is a major arachidonic acid metabolite in platelets, and (b) platelets contain large amounts of the cell adhesion molecule GpIIb/IIIa, the activation of which is regulated by 12(S)-HETE. Hsp90 was found to be a component of the 12(S)-HETE binding complex in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, and the 50-kDa ligand-binding subunit itself bound 12(S)-HETE with high affinity. Competition experiments showed that 12(R)-HETE, 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2, and 5(S)-HETE had lower affinity for the 50-kDa subunit than 12(S)-HETE. The 12(S)-HETE binding protein appears to be distinct from known members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear receptors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/analysis
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/metabolism
- 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid/pharmacology
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Blood Platelets/chemistry
- Blood Platelets/cytology
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, Gel
- Cytosol/chemistry
- Cytosol/drug effects
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukotriene B4/metabolism
- Ligands
- Molecular Weight
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/metabolism
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Herbertsson
- Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, S-581 85, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Panasenko OM, Arnhold J. Linoleic acid hydroperoxide favours hypochlorite- and myeloperoxidase-induced lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 1999; 30:479-87. [PMID: 10400460 DOI: 10.1080/10715769900300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine were peroxidized using the reagent sodium hypochlorite or the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-Cl- system. Linoleic acid hydroperoxide previously prepared from linoleic acid by means of lipoxidase was incorporated into liposomes. The yield of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) continuously increased with higher amounts of hydroperoxide groups after the initiation of lipid peroxidation by hypochlorous acid producing systems. The accumulation of TBARS was inhibited by scavengers of free radicals such as butylated hydroxytoluene and by the scavengers of hypochlorous acid, taurine and methionine. Lipid peroxidation was also prevented by sodium azide or chloride free medium in the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-Cl- system. Here we show for the first time that the reaction of hypochlorous acid with a biologically relevant hydroperoxide yields free radicals able to cause further oxidation of lipid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun D, McDonnell M, Chen XS, Lakkis MM, Li H, Isaacs SN, Elsea SH, Patel PI, Funk CD. Human 12(R)-lipoxygenase and the mouse ortholog. Molecular cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:33540-7. [PMID: 9837935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.50.33540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressed sequence tag information was used to clone the full-length sequence for a new human lipoxygenase from the B cell line CCL-156. A related mouse sequence with 83% nucleotide identity to the human sequence was also cloned. The human lipoxygenase, when expressed via the baculovirus/insect cell system produced an approximately 80-kDa protein capable of metabolizing arachidonic acid to a product identified as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by mass spectrometry. Using chiral phase-high performance liquid chromatography, the product was identified as >98% 12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid as opposed to the S-stereoisomer formed by all other known mammalian lipoxygenases. The single copy human 12(R)-lipoxygenase gene was localized to the chromosome 17p13 region, the locus where most other lipoxygenase genes are known to reside. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, but not by Northern blot, analysis the 12(R)-lipoxygenase mRNA was detected in B cells and adult skin. However, the related mouse lipoxygenase mRNA was highly expressed in epidermis of newborn mice and to a lesser extent in adult brain cortex. By in situ hybridization the mouse lipoxygenase gene was demonstrated to be temporally and spatially regulated during embryogenesis. Expression was induced at embryonic day 15.5 in epidermis, nasal epithelium, and surface of the tongue. These results broaden the mammalian lipoxygenase family to include a 12(R)-lipoxygenase whose biological function remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sun
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panasenko OM, Arnhold J, Arnhold K, Sergienko VI. Hypochlorite-induced peroxidation of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine is mediated by hydroperoxides. Free Radic Res 1997; 27:1-12. [PMID: 9269574 DOI: 10.3109/10715769709097832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a chemiluminescent method, the consumption of HOCl/OCl- was investigated during interaction with liposomes prepared from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC). The concentration of HOCl/OCl-decreased with time in the suspension of EYPC that contain unsaturated lipids and did not change in DMPC liposome suspensions. HOCl/OCl- was consumed more rapidly in peroxidized EYPC. The amount of double bonds was lowered by 40% in peroxidized liposomes and decreased by approximately one-third under the action of HOCl/OCl- in both native and peroxidized EYPC samples. Second-order rate constants for the interaction between HOCl and phospholipid double bonds of 0.50 M-1 s-1 were calculated for native EYPC on basis of the consumption of HOCl/OCl- or from the decrease in concentration of double bonds. In peroxidized EYPC this reaction constant was similar as determined following changes in double bonds. It is concluded that the consumption of HOCl/OCl- increased in peroxidized liposomes due to additional reactions with lipid peroxidation products. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide, or organic peroxides or epoxides (cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid; cholesterol-5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxide; trans-2,3-epoxy-butane; cis-2,3-epoxy-butane) were incorporated into liposomes and investigated in respect to their ability (1) to increase the consumption of HOCl/OCl- in DMPC liposomes, (2) to generate a non-enhanced chemiluminescence with HOCl/OCl- and (3) to evoke an accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in EYPC liposomes in the absence and presence of NaOCl. None of peroxides or epoxides tested showed any effect on the consumption of HOCl/OCl- or the generation of chemiluminescence. Nor increase of TBARS both in the absence or presence of HOCl/OCl-. In contrast, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide increased the consumption of HOCl/OCl- in DMPC liposomes and mediated a higher accumulation of TBARS in EYPC liposomes in the presence of HOCl/OCL- over the control. These data suggest that lipid peroxidation in EYPC can be initiated by the reaction of HOCl/OCL- with organic hydroperoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen BK, Liu YW, Yamamoto S, Chang WC. Overexpression of Ha-ras enhances the transcription of human arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase promoter in A431 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1344:270-7. [PMID: 9059517 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(96)00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of transient transfection with expression vectors of Ha-ras on the promoter activity of 12-lipoxygenase in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells was studied. Overexpression of Ha-ras increased the promoter activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which correlated closely with the cellular expression of Ras protein. Promoters of different gene lengths for human 12-lipoxygenase were used to prepare the luciferase fusion vectors. Following transfection by Ha-ras for 68 h, an approx. 40-fold increase in luciferase reporter activity was observed in plasmids with the 5'-flanking region ranging from -951 to -224 bp upstream from translation starting site. There was no obvious stimulation in cells transfected with a vector-bearing promoter with a length of -100 bp. These results indicate that the promoter region ranging from -224 to -100 bp was important for the Ha-ras response. With the aid of additional 5'-deletion and site-directed mutagenesis, three Sp1 binding sequences residing at -169 to -161 bp, -158 to -150 bp and -123 to -114 bp were found to be critical for the Ha-ras response of activating the transcription of human 12-lipoxygenase gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Funk CD. The molecular biology of mammalian lipoxygenases and the quest for eicosanoid functions using lipoxygenase-deficient mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1304:65-84. [PMID: 8944751 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(96)00107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Funk
- Stellar-Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6100, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Engels F, Kessels GC, Henricks PA, Nijkamp FP. Preferential formation of 13-hydroxylinoleic acid by human peripheral blood eosinophils. PROSTAGLANDINS 1996; 52:117-24. [PMID: 8880897 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(96)00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators released by inflammatory and immune cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune processes. Most attention has been focussed on arachidonic-derived mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and lipoxins. Literature data, however, suggest that also metabolites of the unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid may be important in this respect. We have studied the formation and release of 9-hydroxy- and 13-hydroxy-linoleic acid (9-HODE and 13-HODE) by enriched populations of human peripheral blood neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. We demonstrate that the eosinophil preferentially produces 13-HODE, whereas the other cell types produce equal amounts of 9-HODE and 13-HODE. The biological significance of these findings is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Engels
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rosolowsky M, Falck JR, Campbell WB. Metabolism of arachidonic acid by canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes synthesis of lipoxygenase and omega-oxidized metabolites. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1300:143-50. [PMID: 8652640 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and metabolites of arachidonic acid, especially lipoxygenase products, have been reported to contribute to myocardial damage after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. While canine models of myocardial ischemia were used in many of these studies, very little is known about arachidonic acid metabolism by canine PMNs. Moreover, it is unclear whether arachidonic acid metabolites released by canine PMNs affect vascular tone. Therefore, we characterized arachidonic acid metabolism by canine PMNs and determined the effect of these metabolites on vascular tone of isolated canine coronary arteries. Suspensions of canine PMNs were incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid and the calcium ionophore A23187. The incubation media was extracted, and the metabolites resolved by HPLC. 20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 12,20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETE), LTB4, 12-hydroxyheptadeclatrienoic acid (HHT), and 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) were isolated, and their structures confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. There was also evidence for the formation of 20-HETE, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 5-HETE, and several isomers of LTB4. None of the arachidonic acid metabolites that were isolated from incubates of canine PMNs augmented vascular tone, but material migrating with 12,20-diHETE relaxed canine coronary arteries. Authentic 12(S),20-diHETE also produced a concentration-related relaxation of canine coronary artery. 12(R), 20-diHETE was inactive. 20-HETE inhibited A23187-induced PMN aggregation. Thus, arachidonic acid is metabolized in canine PMNs through the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P-450 pathways. Whether these metabolites contribute to myocardial injury remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosolowsky
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshimoto T, Yamamoto S. Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1995; 12:195-212. [PMID: 8777566 DOI: 10.1016/0929-7855(95)00019-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang WC, Kao HC, Liu YW. Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor-induced 12-lipoxygenase expression by glucocorticoids in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50:947-52. [PMID: 7575678 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00217-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of glucocorticoids on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced expression of 12-lipoxygenase in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells was studied. A significant suppression of the EGF-induced expression of 12-lipoxygenase was observed in cells pretreated with 1 microM dexamethasone for 2 hr. The same pretreatment for 8 hr resulted in 55 and 54% inhibition of EGF-induced 12-lipoxygenase activity and mRNA expression, respectively. Cortisol, but not sex and mineral steroids, had a similar inhibitory effect. The glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 completely blocked the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone, suggesting that the action of dexamethasone was mediated through the ligation of glucocorticoid receptors. The results indicated that pretreatment of A431 cells with glucocorticoids resulted in a down-regulation of the EGF-induced expression of 12-lipoxygenase at the mRNA and enzyme activity level, which was mediated through glucocorticoid receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Freire-Moar J, Alavi-Nassab A, Ng M, Mulkins M, Sigal E. Cloning and characterization of a murine macrophage lipoxygenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1254:112-6. [PMID: 7811740 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a murine macrophage cDNA encoding a 12-lipoxygenase, that represents the homolog of the human 15-lipoxygenase. The predicted amino acid sequence of this lipoxygenase is highly similar to the rat 12-lipoxygenase isolated from brain and human 15-lipoxgenase. The recombinant enzyme expressed in Cos-7 cells oxidizes arachidonic acid to 12- and 15-HETE with a profile similar to that obtained from peritoneal macrophages. A polyclonal antibody generated against a putative peptide recognizes a 75 kDa protein in cell extracts from mouse peritoneal macrophages and transfected Cos-7 cells. The lipoxygenase cDNA hybridizes to a 2.5 kb mRNA present in peritoneal macrophages, lung, spleen, heart and liver. RT-PCR analysis indicates that the same lipoxygenase is expressed in mouse reticulocytes. A partial genomic clone for this lipoxygenase has also been characterized. Southern blot analysis of mouse genomic DNA indicates that this is a single copy gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Freire-Moar
- Syntex Discovery Research, Department of Inflammation Biology and Immunology, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bioque G, Abián J, Bulbena O, Roselló-Catafau J, Gelpí E. Mass spectrometric identification of N-phenyllinoleamide metabolites in mouse peritoneal macrophages. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1995; 9:753-760. [PMID: 7655069 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1290090907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
N-Phenyllinoleamide (NPLA), the anilide of linoleic acid, has been regarded as a marker of the case oils associated with toxic oil syndrome, but the mechanisms of toxic injury remain enigmatic. Experimental data have related an increased systemic toxic effect of heated linoleic anilides to chemical structural modifications that might also be possible by in vivo metabolism; however, little is known about their metabolism. Taking into account that NPLA is a derivative of linoleic acid, a fatty acid that can be metabolized by lipoxygenase activity to a vast array of derivatives possessing biological activity, the objective has been to elucidate the oxidative metabolism of NPLA by mouse peritoneal macrophages, a cellular model with high lipoxygenase activity. Cells were incubated with 0.1 mM NPLA spiked with N-phenyl[1-14C]linoleamide. The metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and individually collected prior to GC/MS analysis. Identification of trihydroxy-, monohydroxy- and epoxy-derivatives of NPLA, suggests that this xenobiotic can be metabolized via the same oxidative processes as for linoleic acid. Furthermore, identification of the non-amidated monohydroxylated and trihydroxylated derivatives of linoleic acid arising from NPLA suggests an amidase-like activity with release of aniline and the free fatty acid. These results provide information about possible biological structures arising from NPLA, and open the way to evaluate the biological significance of these metabolites in the inflammatory reactions associated with toxic oil syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bioque
- Departamento de Bioanalítica Médica, CID-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
cDNA cloning, expression, mutagenesis of C-terminal isoleucine, genomic structure, and chromosomal localizations of murine 12-lipoxygenases. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
21
|
Liminga M, Hörnsten L, Sprecher HW, Oliw EH. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase in human corneal epithelium and 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in bovine corneal epithelium: comparison with other bovine 12-lipoxygenases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1210:288-96. [PMID: 8305483 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases of bovine and human corneal epithelia were investigated. The bovine epithelium contained an arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and a 15-lipoxygenase. The 12-lipoxygenase was found in the microsomal fraction, while the 15-lipoxygenase was mainly present in the cytosol (100,000 x g supernatant). 12S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) and 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE) were identified by GC-MS and chiral HPLC. BW A4C, an acetohydroxamic acid lipoxygenase inhibitor, reduced the biosynthesis of 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE by over 90% at 10 microM. IC50 for the 12-lipoxygenase was 0.3 microM. The bovine corneal 12-lipoxygenase was compared with the 12-lipoxygenases of bovine platelets and leukocytes. All three enzymes metabolized 14C-labelled linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid poorly (5-16%) in comparison with [14C]arachidonic acid. [14C]Docosahexaenoic acid and [14C]4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid appeared to be less efficiently converted by the corneal enzyme than by the platelet and leukocyte enzymes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the bovine corneal epithelium using a polyclonal antibody against porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase gave positive staining. The cytosol of human corneal epithelium converted [14C]arachidonic acid to one prominent metabolite. The product co-chromatographed with 15S-HETE on reverse phase HPLC, straight phase HPLC and chiral HPLC. Our results suggest that human corneal epithelium contains a 15-lipoxygenase and that bovine corneal epithelium contains both a 15-lipoxygenase and a 12-lipoxygenase. The corneal 12-lipoxygenase appears to differ catalytically from earlier described bovine 12-lipoxygenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Liminga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen XS, Brash AR, Funk CD. Purification and characterization of recombinant histidine-tagged human platelet 12-lipoxygenase expressed in a baculovirus/insect cell system. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 214:845-52. [PMID: 8319693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A baculoviral expression vector consisting of a sequence encoding a six-histidine tag apposed to the human platelet 12-lipoxygenase cDNA, under control of the polyhedrin promoter, was constructed. Recombinant 12-lipoxygenase baculoviruses were used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Sf9). At 54 h post-infection, maximal 12-lipoxygenase activity and protein levels were achieved; the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity in a single step by nickel-ion-chelation chromatography in which the (His)6-tagged 12-lipoxygenase was eluted with 100 mM imidazole. The purified enzyme metabolized arachidonic acid almost exclusively to 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid with little, if any, epoxyalcohol or reduction products and had a Vmax of 2-4 mumol min-1 mg protein-1, Km of 10 microM and kcat of approximately 250 min-1. linoleic acid, on the other hand, was converted to (13S)-13-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid at a rate which was about 2% of that obtained with arachidonic acid as substrate, but displayed the same Km. The enzyme was most active between pH 7.5-8 and activity was stimulated significantly in the presence of 0.006% Tween-20. A polyclonal antibody to the recombinant enzyme was generated and found to recognize a single 75-kDa band in platelets, human erythroleukemia cells and 12-lipoxygenase baculoviral-infected Sf9 cells by immunoblot and immunoprecipitation methods. 12-Lipoxygenase protein represented 0.1% of the total soluble protein in platelet preparations. In immunofluorescence experiments 12-lipoxygenase was observed in the cytoplasm of infected insect cells and in the human megakaryoblastic DAMI cell line. The isolation of large quantities of pure human platelet 12-lipoxygenase should facilitate detailed biochemical structure/function studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X S Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Funk CD. Molecular biology in the eicosanoid field. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 45:67-98. [PMID: 8341804 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Funk
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bioque G, Ramis I, Mallet AI, Bulbena O, Rosello-Catafau J, Gelpi E. Oxidative metabolism of N-phenyllinoleamide by human nasal polyps. PROSTAGLANDINS 1992; 44:597-609. [PMID: 1475378 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(92)90027-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-phenyllinoleamide (NPLA), the anilide of linoleic acid, has been associated with the epidemiology of Toxic Oil Syndrome, but no data are available on its metabolism. On account of the similarity in chemical structure between the linoleic acid and NPLA, the aim of this study has been to investigate the oxidative metabolism of this xenobiotic by the human nasal polyp, a tissue with elevated 15-lipoxygenase activity. For this purpose, tissue homogenates have been incubated for 2 h with NPLA (0.1 mM) spiked with either N-(ring G-3H)PLA (0.2 microCi/ml) or N-P(1-14C)LA (0.05 microCi/ml). Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the high performance liquid radiochromatographic fractions shows that the 9,12,13-trihydroxy, 12,13-epoxy-11-hydroxy and 13-hydroxy NPLA derivatives are the major metabolites. These results revealed that NPLA metabolites are chemical structures related to the linoleic acid derivatives, some of which may show biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bioque
- Department of Neurochemistry, Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yamamoto S. Mammalian lipoxygenases: molecular structures and functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1128:117-31. [PMID: 1420284 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van der Donk EM, Vervaart JM, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. 12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells, an oxygenase with leukotriene A4-synthase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1128:14-25. [PMID: 1390874 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90252-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rat basophilic leukemia cells exhibit 12-lipoxygenase activity only upon cell disruption. 12-Lipoxygenase may also possess 15-lipoxygenase activity, as is indicated by the formation of low amounts of 15(S)-HETE, in addition to the predominant product 12(S)-HETE, upon incubation of partially purified 12-lipoxygenase with arachidonic acid. With 5(S)-HPETE as substrate not only 5(S), 12(S)-diHETE and 5(S), 15(S)-diHETE are formed, but also LTA4, as was indicated by the presence of LTA4-derived LTB4-isomers. 12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells has many features in common with 12-lipoxygenase from bovine leukocytes. As was suggested for the latter enzyme, 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells may represent the remaining LTA4-synthase activity of 5-lipoxygenase, of which the 5-dioxygenase activity has disappeared upon cell disruption. Such a possible shift from 5-lipoxygenase activity to 12-lipoxygenase activity could not simply be induced by interaction of cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase with a membrane fraction after cell disruption, but may involve release of membrane-associated 5-lipoxygenase upon disruption of activated rat basophilic leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M van der Donk
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Henricks PA, Binkhorst GJ, Drijver AA, Nijkamp FP. Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin enhances production of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect Immun 1992; 60:3238-43. [PMID: 1322370 PMCID: PMC257307 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.8.3238-3243.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica on the generation of arachidonic acid metabolites by bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was investigated. PMNs released 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) upon stimulation with arachidonic acid. The leukotoxin preparations dose dependently enhanced the release of the 5-lipoxygenase products 5-HETE and LTB4 in arachidonic acid-stimulated PMNs, whereas the release of 12- and 15-HETE was not affected. The enhanced release of LTB4 and 5-HETE was not due to a decreased cellular retention of the 5-lipoxygenase products. In addition, leukotoxin preparations by themselves were also able to induce LTB4 and 5-HETE production in the absence of exogenous arachidonic acid. Generation of 5-lipoxygenase products by PMNs stimulated by leukotoxin may represent an important cellular event that occurs during infections with P. haemolytica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Henricks
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Henderson WR, Rashed M, Yong EC, Fritsche TR, Chiang GK. Toxoplasma gondii stimulates the release of 13- and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids by human platelets. Biochemistry 1992; 31:5356-62. [PMID: 1606159 DOI: 10.1021/bi00138a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated a novel cytotoxic effect of human platelets against Toxoplasma gondii and a role for thromboxane (TX) in this process (Yong et al., 1991). We now report on the spectrum of lipid mediators released by human platelets after interaction with T. gondii. In addition to TXB2, human platelets after incubation with T. gondii for 90 min released 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), and an unidentified peak (UVmax 234 nm) as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Thermospray-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis and straight-phase HPLC identified the unknown peak as a mixture of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) and 9-HODE. Radiolabeling studies with [14C]linoleic acid indicated that the platelets were the cellular source of the octadecanoids with 13-HODE (87.7%) greater than 9-HODE (12.3%). Inhibitor studies with indomethacin indicated that 13-HODE was a lipoxygenase product and 9-HODE was a cyclooxygenase product of linoleic acid. Thus, Toxoplasma-stimulated platelets release oxygenated products of both arachidonic acid and linoleic acid which may be important in the host response to T. gondii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Henderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nishiyama M, Okamoto H, Watanabe T, Hori T, Hada T, Ueda N, Yamamoto S, Tsukamoto H, Watanabe K, Kirino T. Localization of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase in canine brain tissues. J Neurochem 1992; 58:1395-400. [PMID: 1548473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytosol fraction from a thoroughly irrigated canine cerebrum was subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody against porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase. Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase eluted from the column with some retardation. The enzyme, with a specific activity of 9 nmol/min/mg of protein, converted arachidonic acid to 12(S)-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The enzyme was active not only with arachidonic acid, but also with linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. In contrast, 12-lipoxygenase of canine platelets was almost inactive with linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, and the platelet enzyme was also distinguished from the cerebral enzyme in terms of reactivity with the anti-12-lipoxygenase antibody. 12-Lipoxygenase activity was also detected in the cytosol fractions of other parts of canine brain: basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and medulla oblongata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiyama
- Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang W, Ning C, Lin M, Huang J. Epidermal growth factor enhances a microsomal 12-lipoxygenase activity in A431 cells. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
31
|
Engels F, Kessels GC, Schreurs AJ, Nijkamp FP. Production of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolites by human bronchoalveolar lavage cells. PROSTAGLANDINS 1991; 42:441-50. [PMID: 1662406 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(91)90035-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived inflammatory mediators are considered to play an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic patients. The pulmonary macrophage may be an important source for these mediators in airway tissue. We investigated the metabolism of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid by human bronchoalveolar lavage cells, mainly comprising pulmonary macrophages. Arachidonic was mainly metabolized by 5-lipoxygenase, giving rise to the formation of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Linoleic acid was converted to 5 major metabolites, including the 9-hydroxy and 13-hydroxy derivatives, 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9- and 13-HODE). The formation of HODEs could be inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors as well as lipoxygenase inhibitors, indicating that both enzymic species play a role in the generation of HODEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Engels
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Van der Donk EM, Dubois GR, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Improved purification of 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells and conditions for optimal enzyme activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1074:443-7. [PMID: 1888756 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells was purified about 300-fold by protein-HPLC in a single run. Maximal 12-lipoxygenase activity was observed at pH 7.5, while the enzyme became almost inactive at pH 6 and 9. Although Ca2+ was not essential for 12-lipoxygenase activity, the partially purified enzyme was stimulated approx. 2-fold in the presence of 0.1-5.0 mM Ca2+. Contrary to 5-lipoxygenase from RBL-1 cells, 12-lipoxygenase was not inactivated by preincubation with Ca2+ for 1-10 min, nor was it stimulated by 0.1-10 mM ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Van der Donk
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hada T, Ueda N, Takahashi Y, Yamamoto S. Catalytic properties of human platelet 12-lipoxygenase as compared with the enzymes of other origins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1083:89-93. [PMID: 1851637 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenases of porcine and bovine leukocytes were different in substrate specificity and immunogenicity from the enzyme of bovine platelets (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1988) 266, 613). In order to extend the comparative studies on the two types of 12-lipoxygenase, we purified the enzyme from the cytosol of human platelets by immunoaffinity chromatography to a specific activity of about 0.3 mumol/min per mg protein at 37 degrees C. The purified enzyme was active with eicosapolyenoic acids and docosahexaenoic acid. Linoleic and linolenic acids were poor substrates in contrast to the high reactivity of the leukocyte enzymes with these octadecapolyenoic acids. The finding that the human platelet enzyme catalyzed 15-oxygenation of 5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, raised a question if lipoxins were produced by incubation of the enzyme with leukotriene A4. However, the leukotriene A4 was scarcely transformed to lipoxin isomers by 12-lipoxygenases of human and bovine platelets. In sharp contrast, the porcine and bovine leukocyte enzymes converted leukotriene A4 to various lipoxin isomers by the reaction rates of 3% and 2% of the arachidonate 12-oxygenation. Thus, 12-lipoxygenases of human and bovine platelets were catalytically distinct from the porcine and bovine leukocyte enzymes in terms of their reactivities not only with linoleic and linolenic acids, but also with leukotriene A4 as lipoxin precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hada
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Lipoxygenase is a dioxygenase which incorporates one molecule of oxygen at a certain position of unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linolenic acids. The enzymatic oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids is stereospecific concomitant with a stereoselective abstraction of hydrogen atom. Fatty acid cyclooxygenase is an atypical lipoxygenase incorporating two molecules of oxygen, and initiates the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is responsible for the leukotriene synthesis. No such bioactive compound has been found as a metabolite of the 12- and 15-lipoxygenase pathways, and their physiological roles are still unclarified. These enzymes have been purified, and their molecular and catalytic properties have been investigated. Their cDNA clones have been isolated, and their nucleotide sequences have been determined deducing the primary structures of the enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University, School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yoshimoto T, Suzuki H, Yamamoto S, Takai T, Yokoyama C, Tanabe T. Cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase of porcine leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:2142-6. [PMID: 2315307 PMCID: PMC53642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.6.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.31) of porcine leukocytes was deduced by cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to its mRNA. The sequence was confirmed by automated Edman degradation of the N-terminal regions of the native enzyme and its proteolytic fragments. The cDNA had an open reading frame encoding 662 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 74,911. Amino acid residues 533-545, Cys-(Xaa)3-Cys-(Xaa)3-His-(Xaa)3-His, showed significant homology to the short cysteine- or histidine-containing sequences proposed as the metal-binding domains of transcription factors and various metal-containing proteins [Berg, J. M. (1986) Science 232, 485-487]. The amino acid sequence of 12-lipoxygenase exhibited 86% identity with human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase and showed 41% identity with human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. The 12-lipoxygenase cDNA recognized a 3.4-kilobase mRNA species in various porcine cell types, with the largest amount in leukocytes, followed by pituitary, lung, jejunum, and spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Localization of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase in parenchymal cells of porcine anterior pituitary. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
37
|
Hansbrough JR, Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yamamoto S, Holtzman MJ. Identification of a novel arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase in bovine tracheal epithelial cells distinct from leukocyte and platelet forms of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
38
|
Fretland DJ, Djuric SW. 12(R)- and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids: chemistry, biology, and pharmacology. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989; 38:215-28. [PMID: 2517456 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(89)90125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Fretland
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research, G. D. Searle and Co., Skokie, Illinois 60077
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hansbrough JR, Atlas AB, Turk J, Holtzman MJ. Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase: PGE isomerase are predominant pathways for oxygenation in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1989; 1:237-44. [PMID: 2516452 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/1.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of bovine tracheal epithelial cells to convert arachidonic acid to oxygenation products with potential biologic activity was studied in homogeneous preparations of isolated cells. Purified epithelial cell suspensions were incubated with radiolabeled arachidonic acid, and oxygenated metabolites were identified using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cells released predominantly two products during incubation with 0.3 to 150 microM arachidonic acid for 1 to 60 min at 37 degrees C: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Concentration-response curves for the two products yielded half-maximal effects at 2 and 45 microM arachidonic acid, respectively. Stereochemical analysis by chiral-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography demonstrated that the epithelial 12-HETE consisted exclusively of the 12(S) isomer, providing supporting evidence that it was derived from an arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase. Epithelial cells prelabeled with arachidonic acid and incubated with 5 microM A23187 to stimulate endogenous arachidonic acid metabolism also released two predominant products with the chromatographic properties of PGE2 and 12-HETE. The findings demonstrate that bovine tracheal epithelial cells express both a cyclooxygenase:PGE isomerase and a 12-lipoxygenase pathway and therefore implicate this pathway as a new source of epithelial cell mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Hansbrough
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brash AR, Yokoyama C, Oates JA, Yamamoto S. Mechanistic studies of the dioxygenase and leukotriene synthase activities of the porcine leukocyte 12S-lipoxygenase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 273:414-22. [PMID: 2774560 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases react with hydroperoxy fatty acids and catalyze dioxygenase or dehydrase (leukotriene A4 (LTA4) synthase) types of reactions. In the present investigation we studied the mechanism of reaction of the purified porcine leukocyte 12S-lipoxygenase with 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HPETE). Oxygen-18 labeling experiments with GC-MS analysis were used to distinguish dioxygenase and leukotriene synthase activities of the enzyme; 8S,15S-DiHPETE and 14R,15S-DiHPETE were formed by oxygenation, and a series of 8,15- and 14,15-diols were formed via enzymatic synthesis of 14,15-LTA4 and nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the epoxide. 10D-3H- and 10L-3H-labeled substrates were used to study the stereospecificity of the C-10 hydrogen abstraction in the synthesis of these products. Formation of 14,15-DiHPETE and 14,15-LTA4 was associated with stereoselective abstraction of hydrogen from the 10L position of 15S-HPETE. The same type of measurements on the 8S,15S-DiHPETE product indicated a variable (50-250%) retention of the 10L-3H label, and a consistent 90% retention of the 10D-3H. In contrast, the synthesis of 8S,15S-DiHPETE by the soybean lipoxygenase was associated with the expected stereoselective abstraction of the 10D hydrogen. It appears that the porcine leukocyte 12S-lipoxygenase synthesizes 8S,15S-DiHPETE by a different mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Daret D, Blin P, Larrue J. Synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids from linoleic acid by human blood platelets. PROSTAGLANDINS 1989; 38:203-14. [PMID: 2505334 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(89)90083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of linoleic acid by washed human platelets was investigated. [1.14C] linoleic acid was converted to [1.14C] hydroxy octadecadienoic acids (HODEs) at about the same rate with which [1.14C] 12-HETE was produced from [1.14C] arachidonic acid. The total radioactivity in HODEs was distributed among two isomers: 13-HODE (85%) and 9-HODE (15%) as defined by CG-MS. The production of HODEs by intact washed platelets was inhibited by indomethacin (IC50:5 x 10(-7) M) which suggest that hydroxy fatty acids were produced by PGH-synthase. By contrast, the production of HODEs by platelet cytosolic fractions was not modified under indomethacin treatment but completely abolished by NDGA (10(-3) M) and inhibited by the platelet lipoxygenase inhibitors 15-HETE (2.10(-5) M) and baicalein (10(-5) M). Platelets thus contain two different active systems which may convert linoleic acid to hydroxy fatty acids. Since these compounds remained essentially associated with the platelets, their presence may significantly participate in the mechanisms of platelet activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Daret
- U. 8 Recherches Cardiologie, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reinaud O, Delaforge M, Boucher JL, Rocchiccioli F, Mansuy D. Oxidative metabolism of linoleic acid by human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 161:883-91. [PMID: 2735926 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Upon incubation with human leukocytes, [1-14C] linoleic acid is almost exclusively transformed into 13-hydroxy-9Z, 11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) if the linoleic acid concentration is lower than 50 microM. Identification of 13-HODE was done by GLC-MS at the level of its methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether and by comparison with authentic 13-HODE in two different HPLC systems. Analysis of the products by chiral phase HPLC shows that 13(S)-hydroxy-9Z, 11E-octadecadienoic acid is by far the major metabolite formed by human leukocytes. Comparison of reactions performed with intact or lyzed cells suggests that the formation of 13(S)-HODE by human leukocytes occurs in two steps, a dioxygenation catalyzed by a 15-lipoxygenase and a reduction of intermediate 13-HPODE by a glutathione-dependent peroxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques UA 400 CNRS-INSERM, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Metz SA. Blockade by lipoxygenase inhibitors of Ca2+-dependent insulin secretion from permeabilized rat islets. A molecular mechanism distinct from that of alpha 2-adrenergic agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:1849-62. [PMID: 2567595 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the regulation and effects of pancreatic islet lipoxygenase, adult rat islets were permeabilized, using digitonin or staphylococcal alpha-toxin, and then were studied in a medium simulating an intracellular milieu at fixed ambient concentrations of Ca2+. Permeabilized islets retained 12-lipoxygenase activity, as indicated by conversion of tritiated arachidonic acid to a predominant peak of [3H]12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE); this activity was inhibited (89-98%) by the lipoxygenase blockers nordihydroguaiaretic acid (35 microM), BW755c (250 microM) or ETYA (35 microM). Lesser amounts of compounds coeluting with 15- and 11-HETE (but little or no 5-HETE) were formed; however, 11-HETE (and possibly some 15-HETE) was probably synthesized (at least in part) via cyclooxygenase, as suggested by the partial synthesis blockade induced by 50 microM ibuprofen. The production of 12-HETE did not require the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+ or ATP; it also was not stimulated by addition of cyclic AMP, a phorbol ester, or calmodulin. However, it was augmented modestly by provision of a basal cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration of 60-80 nM, with no further increase at physiologically elevated levels of 260-530 nM. Elevations in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations induced insulin release which was inhibited by cooling, epinephrine or protein kinase inhibitors and, therefore, was exocytotic in nature. Lipoxygenase inhibitors blocked this insulinotropic effect of calcium at submaximal or saturating Ca2+ concentrations (with or without its potentiation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C) by 53-82%. However, they did not reduce the Ca2+-independent secretory effects (at subnanomolar Ca2+ concentrations) of the phorbol ester alone. Similar results were seen using dibutyryl cyclic AMP to activate protein kinase A. The alpha 2-adrenergic agonists epinephrine or clonidine inhibited Ca2+-, TPA- or cyclic AMP-induced insulin release without reducing HETE formation. We conclude that (1) islet lipoxygenase is constitutively expressed and is not physiologically regulated by alpha 2-adrenergic agonism, Ca2+ or protein kinases; (2) lipoxygenase modulates insulin release; HETE production is not merely an epiphenomenon reflecting the activation (or inhibition) of exocytotic secretion; (3) islet lipoxygenase inhibitors reduce insulin secretion, at least in part, by blocking the direct effects of Ca2+ on exocytosis and/or its synergism with Ca2+-binding proteins such as protein kinase C; and (4) these same inhibitors do not directly poison protein kinase C or A, or the exocytotic apparatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Metz
- Medicine Service, Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, CO 80220
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University, School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yamamoto S. Two immunologically and catalytically distinct arachidonate 12-lipoxygenases of bovine platelets and leukocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988; 266:613-21. [PMID: 3190246 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
12-Lipoxygenases were found in the cytosol fraction of bovine leukocytes and platelets. The bovine leukocyte enzyme was immunoprecipitable by a monoclonal antibody directed to 12-lipoxygenase of porcine leukocytes, but not by a monoclonal antibody against the human platelet enzyme. In contrast, the bovine platelet enzyme cross-reacted only with antibody against the human platelet enzyme. The leukocyte and platelet enzymes were partially purified to final specific enzyme activities of 1.1 and 0.3 mumol/min/mg protein, respectively, by immunoaffinity chromatography using each cross-reacting antibody as a ligand. The leukocyte enzyme reacted with various octadecapolyenoic acids as well as eicosapolyenoic and docosapolyenoic acids, whereas the platelet enzyme was almost inactive with octadecapolyenoic acids. Moreover, the two enzymes showed different heat-instabilities and reaction time courses. Thus, the 12-lipoxygenases of bovine leukocytes and platelets were immunologically and catalytically distinct enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- A A Spector
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Walstra P, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. 12-Lipoxygenase from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes, an enzyme with leukotriene A4-synthase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:258-65. [PMID: 2825701 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes exhibit a 12-lipoxygenase activity upon sonication. In contrast to bovine platelet 12-lipoxygenase and other 12-lipoxygenases, this enzyme is unable to convert 5(S)-HETE (5(S)-hydroxy,6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) or 5(S)-HPETE (5(S)-hydroperoxy,6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) into 5(S),12(S)-dihydroxy-6,10-trans,8,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid. Surprisingly, the formation of leukotriene A4-derived products namely leukotriene B4 and the leukotriene B4-isomers 12-epi,6-trans- leukotriene B4 and 6-trans-leukotriene B4, was observed upon incubation of this enzyme with 5(S)-HPETE. Hence, the 12-lipoxygenase from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes possesses leukotriene A4-synthase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Walstra
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|