1
|
Schmidt A, Zhang H, Schmitt S, Rausch C, Popp O, Chen J, Cmarko D, Butter F, Dittmar G, Lermyte F, Cardoso MC. The Proteomic Composition and Organization of Constitutive Heterochromatin in Mouse Tissues. Cells 2024; 13:139. [PMID: 38247831 PMCID: PMC10814525 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) forms spatio-temporarily distinct compartments and affects chromosome organization and stability. Albeit some of its components are known, an elucidation of its proteome and how it differs between tissues in vivo is lacking. Here, we find that PCH compartments are dynamically organized in a tissue-specific manner, possibly reflecting compositional differences. As the mouse brain and liver exhibit very different PCH architecture, we isolated native PCH fractions from these tissues, analyzed their protein compositions using quantitative mass spectrometry, and compared them to identify common and tissue-specific PCH proteins. In addition to heterochromatin-enriched proteins, the PCH proteome includes RNA/transcription and membrane-related proteins, which showed lower abundance than PCH-enriched proteins. Thus, we applied a cut-off of PCH-unspecific candidates based on their abundance and validated PCH-enriched proteins. Amongst the hits, MeCP2 was classified into brain PCH-enriched proteins, while linker histone H1 was not. We found that H1 and MeCP2 compete to bind to PCH and regulate PCH organization in opposite ways. Altogether, our workflow of unbiased PCH isolation, quantitative mass spectrometry, and validation-based analysis allowed the identification of proteins that are common and tissue-specifically enriched at PCH. Further investigation of selected hits revealed their opposing role in heterochromatin higher-order architecture in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schmidt
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Stephanie Schmitt
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Cathia Rausch
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dusan Cmarko
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Cristina Cardoso
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Czaker R. Relative position of constitutive heterochromatin and of nucleolar structures during mouse spermiogenesis. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 1987; 175:467-75. [PMID: 2437830 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the selective fluorochrome staining of constitutive heterochromatin and a specific ultrastructural silver-staining of nucleolar material (i.e., the nucleolus organizing regions) were undertaken to be used as indicators for the chromosomal arrangement during mouse spermiogenesis. Since in mice all somatic chromosomes are telocentric and the constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizing regions are closely associated to the centromeres, this combination of techniques provided for the first time ultrastructural evidence 1) for the dispersion of the constitutive heterochromatic chromocentre and a centrifugal migration to the postacrosomal portion of the nuclear envelope where constitutive heterochromatin seems to mediate the assembling of microtubules in the so-called manchette. As elongation continues, the constitutive heterochromatin migrates back into central position and forms the "focous of earlier condensing chromatin", which initiates further chromatin condensation. 2) The fate of the nucleolus during spermiogenesis could also be further clarified: The nucleolus is first associated with the chromocentre, but starts to disintegrate during elongation phase. However, argyrophilic remnants are still visible in the centre of the nucleus, pointing to an ongoing transcriptional activity. When they final disappear, they leave behind "nuclear vacuoles" in the dense chromatin mass of the mature sperm nucleus.
Collapse
|
3
|
Purification and properties of a mammalian endonuclease showing site-specific cleavage of DNA. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Catala A, Vidal-Rioja L, Bianchi NO. Liver chromatin fractions in Mus and Akodon. The concept of constitutive heterochromatin. Mol Cell Biochem 1981; 36:135-41. [PMID: 6166845 DOI: 10.1007/bf02357029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver chromatin from Mus musculus and Akodon molinae was separated in 8 fractions by differential centrifugation. Like fractions from both species showed approximately similar contents of DNA, equivalent ratios of histone to non-histone proteins, corresponding template activities and equal amounts of positive C-banded material. On the other hand, heavy chromatin fractions of Mus were highly enriched in satellite DNA whereas no satellite DNA was found in Akodon chromatin. Heavy chromatin fractions isolated by differential sedimentation have been usually homologued with the constitutive heterochromatin. The properties of the constitutive chromatin are discussed and the validity of the foregoing concept is challenged. It is proposed to define the constitutive heterochromatin as those chromatin regions comprising highly repeated DNA sequences clustered in restricted areas of chromosomes and not transcribed (satellite DNA).
Collapse
|
5
|
Musich PR, Brown FL, Maio JJ. Highly repetitive component alpha and related alphoid DNAs in man and monkeys. Chromosoma 1980; 80:331-48. [PMID: 7438883 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of Old-World, New-World, and prosimian primates contain members of a large class of highly repetitive DNAs that are related to one another and to component alpha DNA of the African green monkey by their sequence homologies and restriction site periodicities. The members of this class of highly repetitive DNAs are termed the alphoid DNAs, after the prototypical member, component alpha of the African green monkey which was the first such DNA to be identified (Maio, 1971) and sequenced (Rosenberg et al., 1978). The alphoid DNAs appear to be uniquely primate sequences.--From the restriction enzyme cleavage patterns and Southern blot hybridizations under different stringency conditions, the alphoid DNAs comprise multiple sequence families exhibiting varying degrees of homology to component alpha DNA. They also share common elements in their restriction site periodicities (172 . n base-pairs), in the long-range organization of their repeating units, and in their banding behavior in CsCl and Cs2SO4 bouyant density gradients, in which they band within the bulk DNA as cryptic repetitive components.--In the three species from the Family Cercopithecidae examined, the alphoid DNAs represent the most abundant, tandemly repetitive sequence components, comprising about 24% of the African green monkey genome and 8 to 10% of the Rhesus monkey and baboon genomes. In restriction digests, the bulk of the alphoid DNAs among the Cercopithecidae appeared quantitatively reduced to a simple series of arithmetic segments based on a 172 base-pair (bp) repeat. In contrast with these simple restriction patterns, complex patterns were observed when human alphoid DNAs were cleaved with restriction enzymes. Detailed analysis revealed that the human genome contains multiple alphoid sequence families which differ from one another both in their repeat sequence organization and in their degree of homology to the African green monkey component alpha DNA.--The finding of alphoid sequences in other Old-World primate families, in a New-World monkey, and in a prosimian primate attests to the antiquity of these sequences in primate evolution and to the sequence conservatism of a large class of mammalian highly repetitive DNA. In addition, the relative conservatism exhibited by these sequences may distinguish the alphoid DNAs from more recently evolved highly repetitive components and satellite DNAs which have a more restricted taxonomical distribution.
Collapse
|
6
|
Goyns MH. Changes in the nuclear polyamine content of chick erythrocytes during embryonic development. Biochem J 1979; 184:607-12. [PMID: 540053 PMCID: PMC1161844 DOI: 10.1042/bj1840607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The polyamine content of the circulating erythrocyte population in the embryonic chick was studied during its development. Total cellular polyamine content fell dramatically between 5 and 7 days of development, paralleling the decrease in metabolic activity exhibited by these cells. Nuclei were isolated from the erythrocytes by a non-aqueous technique, which not only eliminated the polyamine loss that occurred with aqueous isolation, but also prevented redistribution of the polyamines from the cytoplasm. Nuclear spermidine and spermine contents decreased markedly between 5 and 6 days of development from 31 to 10 pmol/microgram of DNA and from 33 to 18 pmol/microgram of DNA respectively. Thereafter the spermine content remained constant, but the spermidine content continued to decline. Good correlations between spermidine and RNA contents were observed in both cells and nuclei, and similarly between spermine and RNA contents in cells, but no such correlation was observed between spermine and RNA in nuclei.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sawecka J, Kornacka L, Malec J. Heterogeneity of DNA methylation in murine L5178Y lymphoblasts. EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:1166-7. [PMID: 488264 DOI: 10.1007/bf01963264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the extent of methylation in mouse DNA fragments rendered MgCl2 soluble after mild DNase II digestion of nuclei, with different reassociation rate and nucleoli-bound, revealed the existence of 3 regions of the genome particularly 5-methylcytosine-rich: the sequences considered to be related to the transcriptionally active chromatin with the highest content of this base and fast reassociating, as well as nucleolar DNA with somewhat lower proportion of the methylated cytosines.
Collapse
|
8
|
Brown FL, Musich PR, Maio JJ. The repetitive sequence structure of component alpha DNA and its relationship to the nucleosomes of the African green monkey. J Mol Biol 1979; 131:777-99. [PMID: 117111 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Singh L, Purdom IF, Jones KW. Behaviour of sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs in somatic and germ cells in snakes. Chromosoma 1979; 71:167-81. [PMID: 428273 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs is isolated from the snakes Elaphe radiata (sat III) (Singh et al., 1976) and Bungarus fasciatus (Elapidae) (minor satellite) are evolutionarily conserved throughout the suborder Ophidia. An autosome limited satellite DNA (B. fasciatus major satellite) is not similarly conserved. Both types of satellites have been studied by in situ hybridisation in various somatic tissues and germ cells where it has been observed that the W sex chromosome remains condensed in interphase nuclei. In growing oocytes however, the W chromosome satellite rich heterochromatin decondenses completely whilst the autosomal satellite rich regions remain condensed. Later, the cycle is reversed and the W chromosome condenses whilst the autosomal satellite regions decondense. In a primitive snake (Eryx johni johni) where the sex chromosomes are not differentiated and where there is no satellite DNA specific to them, these phenomena are absent. - The differential behaviour of autosomal and sex chromosome associated satellite DNAs is discussed in the light of gene regulation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Madreiter H, Osieka R, Wittekind C, Kaden P, Mittermayer C. Bleomycin: effect on satellite DNA in mouse fibroblasts. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG UND KLINISCHE ONKOLOGIE. CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1978; 92:309-13. [PMID: 83055 DOI: 10.1007/bf00461654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Bleomycin on the semiconservative replication of mouse nuclear DNA has been studied. When asynchronously dividing mouse fibroblasts (L-cells) were grown in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (25 mg/l medium) for 18 h, three hybrid DNA bands with densities of 1.722, 1.752, and 1.761 kg/l appeared after caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation of nuclear DNA. In cells exposed to Bleomycin (100 mg/l) however, replication of satellite DNA is more strongly inhibited than is the replication of the main band DNA; preferentially the thymidinerich hybrid duplex at 1.761 kg/l could no longer be detected.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chadwick KH, Leenhouts HP. The rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks and a model for the formation of chromosomal rearrangements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1978; 33:517-29. [PMID: 308051 DOI: 10.1080/09553007814550431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recombination type of process, which has been proposed by Resnick to explain the rejoining of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks, is combined with the molecular theory of radiation action to provide a description of the formation of chromosomal rearrangments. It is shown that the majority of chromosomal aberration types found at the first mitosis after radiation can be explained on the basis of one radiation-induced DNA double-strand break in the backbone of the unineme chromatid, followed by the enzymatically controlled recombinational process for the rejoining of the double-strand break. The recombinogenic process for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks relies on the close association between the broken DNA double helix and homologous DNA. The homologous nature of repeated DNA base pair sequences is used, in this model, to explain the occurrence of chromosomal exchanges between non-homologous chromosomes. The important role which repetitive DNA plays in the formation of chromosomal rearrangements and in the distribution of 'break-points' found in radiation experiments is discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Kish VM, Pederson T. Isolation and characterization of ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Methods Cell Biol 1978; 17:377-99. [PMID: 703621 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
14
|
Maio JJ, Brown FL, Musich PR. Subunit structure of chromatin and the organization of eukaryotic highly repetitive DNA: recurrent periodicities and models for the evolutionary origins of repetitive DNA. J Mol Biol 1977; 117:637-55. [PMID: 416219 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Sieber-Blum M, Burger MM. Isolation fna characterization of nuclear envelopes and their biosynthesis during the cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 74:1-8. [PMID: 836269 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
16
|
Rae PM, Barnett TR, Babbitt DG. Factors influencing the yield of satellite DNA in extractions from Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster adults and embryos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 432:154-60. [PMID: 817748 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(76)90157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of different DNA extraction methods to identical batches of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster flies or embryos has revealed that the ionic strength of a homogenization medium is of critical importance if chloroform extractions are performed. The low yield of satellite DNA after homogenization in low salt buffers is less severe if EDTA is included in the buffer. Phenol extraction procedures result in no such differential behavior of satellite and main band DNA, but under certain circumstances a particular satellite fraction of Drosophila virilis DNA may be lost.
Collapse
|
17
|
Prashad N, Cutler RG. Percent satellite DNA as a function of tissue and age of mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 418:1-23. [PMID: 1244847 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(76)90322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A selective loss of satellite DNA was found to occur to different extents as a function of tissue and age of mice using several common DNA extraction and purification procedures. This result emphasizes a serious problem that may be encountered in comparative studies of DNA structure and composition if selective loss of specific DNA sequences occurs. We have developed a DNA extraction and purification procedure that is simple and reliable and gives a high percent DNA yield, which substantially reduces the selective loss of heterochromatin DNA sequences. The method features a centrifugation step of a proteolytic digest of chromatin in 2.4 M CsCl. Percent DNA yield of 82-98% are routinely obtained with no apparent loss of satellite DNA sequences from different tissues or ages of mice. Utilizing this method, percent satellite DNA was found to remain essentially constant at 11 +/- 1% for spleen, kidney, and brain tissues obtained from mice of 10-780 days of age. However, for liver, percent satellite DNA remained at about 7-8% from 10 to 300 days of age and then increased to about 12-13% from 300 to 600 days of age. During this latter time interval (300-600 days), an increase of DNA per nucleus of about 3-fold occurred, due to the formation of tetra- and octaploid cell types. A steady loss in the total number of nuclei per gram of liver as a function of age was also found. These two opposing effects resulted in a nearly constant amount of DNA per gram and per organ for liver throughout the lifespan of the mouse.
Collapse
|
18
|
Comings DE, Harris DC. Nuclear proteins. I. Electrophoretic comparison of mouse nucleoli, heterochromatin, euchromatin and contractile proteins. Exp Cell Res 1975; 96:161-79. [PMID: 1193167 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(75)80049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
19
|
Higashi K, Kono M, Nishinaga K, Nanasaki N, Shirichi K. Isolation and characterization of different-sized nucleoli from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Evidence of different nucleolar ribosomal cistrons. Exp Cell Res 1975; 93:299-308. [PMID: 1157824 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
20
|
Parker RJ, Tobia AM, Baum SG, Schildkraut CL. DNA replication in synchronized cultured mammalian cells. V. The temporal order of synthesis of component alpha DNA during monkey DNA synthesis induced by SV40 virus. Virology 1975; 66:82-93. [PMID: 166507 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Monahan JJ, Hall RH. Fractionation of L-cell chromatin into DNA, RNA, and protein fractions on Cs2SO4 equilibruim density gradients. Anal Biochem 1974; 62:217-39. [PMID: 4473915 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
23
|
Monahan JJ, Hall RH. Isopycnic centrifugation of sheared L-cell chromatin in metrizamide gradients. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:1359-70. [PMID: 10793696 PMCID: PMC343417 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.11.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopycnic gradient centrifugation of L-929 cell chromatin in a 38% (W/V) metrizamide solution yields two distinct fractions. The fraction banding at a density of 1.24 gm/cm(2) (H chromatin) contains about 10% of the DNA present in the fraction banding at a density of 1.18 gm/cm(2) (L chromatin). Both fractions contain the same proportions of satellite to main band DNA's. Some differences can be seen in the DNA: protein ratios and types of proteins present in the H and L chromatin fractions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Maio JJ, Kurnit DM. Transcription of mammalian satellite DNAs by homologous DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 349:305-19. [PMID: 4210151 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
25
|
Kay RR, Johnston IR. Repetitive DNA associated with rodent liver nuclear envelopes. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:472-3. [PMID: 4833662 DOI: 10.1007/bf01926299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Kurnit DM, Maio JJ. Variable satellite DNA's in the African green monkey Cercopithecus aethiops. Chromosoma 1974; 45:387-400. [PMID: 4134868 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
27
|
Bostock CJ, Christie S. Quinacrine fluorescence staining of chromosomes and its relationship to DNA base composition. Exp Cell Res 1974; 86:157-61. [PMID: 4133905 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(74)90661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Abstract
The purified dense satellite of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) represents 30% of the total DNA and forms a sharp, unimodal peak in both neutral and alkaline CsCl gradients. Spectrophotometric melting and DNA reassociation analyses revealed that one-third of the satellite is high melting and has a complexity of about 2.5 x 10(5) daltons, while the remaining two-thirds of the satellite melts 8 degrees lower and has a complexity of about 5 x 10(8) daltons. The thermal stability of reassociated satellite DNA indicates that the multiple copies of the two melting fractions are essentially identical. The sharp, unimodal peak in Cs(2)SO(4) becomes two distinct peaks when either silver or mercuric ions are included in the Cs(2)SO(4) gradient
Collapse
|
30
|
Kurnit DM. A rapidly-banding component of animal DNA preparations that interferes with buoyant density studies. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:455-60. [PMID: 10793678 PMCID: PMC344028 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly-banding components of purified animal cell DNA's have been observed which have abnormal buoyant densities and show anomalous band profiles when centrifuged to equilibrium in cesium salts. These components interfere with the separation of animal DNA fractions and with the analysis of animal cell DNA's by buoyant density techniques. They can be detected by examining photographs of analytical buoyant-density ultracentrifugations before equilibrium has been reached. These rapidly-banding components are removed by phenol treatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Human Repetitious DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-005215-8.50008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
33
|
Monahan JJ, Hall RH. Chromatin, and gene regulation in eukaryotic cells at the transcriptional level. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 2:67-112. [PMID: 4360087 DOI: 10.3109/10409237409105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Ranjekar PK, Lafontaine JG, Pallotta D. Characterization of repetitive DNA in rye (Secale cereale). Chromosoma 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00290997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
Cech TR, Rosenfeld A, Hearst JE. Characterization of the most rapidly renaturing sequences in mouse main-band DNA. J Mol Biol 1973; 81:299-325. [PMID: 4767458 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
36
|
Kurnit DM, Shafit BR, Maio JJ. Multiple satellite deoxyribonucleic acids in the calf and their relation to the sex chromosomes. J Mol Biol 1973; 81:273-84. [PMID: 4767457 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
37
|
Rice NR, Straus NA. Relatedness of mouse satellite deoxyribonucleic acid to deoxyribonucleic acid of various Mus species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:3546-50. [PMID: 4519644 PMCID: PMC427277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse (Mus musculus musculus) satellite DNA is able to reassociate with repeated DNA sequences of Mus caroli and Mus cervicolor, but low thermal stability of the products indicates significant differences between satellite and related DNAs of these two Mus species. There appear to be several satellite-related populations in M. caroli DNA, each of which forms hybrids of low thermal stability with repeated sequences of M. cervicolor DNA. DNAs from the subspecies Mus musculus molossinus and Mus musculus castaneus reassociate with mouse satellite to form hybrids of very high thermal stability, but the satellite content of M. m. musculus DNA is only about 60% that of M. m. musculus DNA. Reassociation of M. m. musculus nonrepeated DNA with M. m. molossinus DNA reveals no detectable differences between them; reassociation with M. caroli (or M. cervicolor) DNA yields a product whose melting temperature depression relative to homologous DNA is about 5 degrees .
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Chevaillier P, Philippe M. [Structural and biochemical aspects of the effects of various media used for isolation and fractionation of mouse liver nuclei]. Exp Cell Res 1973; 82:1-14. [PMID: 4584621 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
40
|
Lieberman MW. Fractionation of mouse DNA in preparative Ag+ -Cs2SO4 gradients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 324:309-19. [PMID: 4796961 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
41
|
Franke WW, Deumling B, Zentgraf H, Falk H, Rae PM. Nuclear membranes from mammalian liver. IV. Characterization of membrane-attached DNA. Exp Cell Res 1973; 81:365-92. [PMID: 4758906 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Wittes RE, Kidwell WR. A kinetic approach to the determination of the S phase pool size of thymidine triphosphate in exponentially growing mouse L cells. J Mol Biol 1973; 78:473-86. [PMID: 4796353 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
44
|
Kurnit DM, Maio JJ. Subnuclear redistribution of DNA species in confluent and growing mammalian cells. Chromosoma 1973; 42:23-36. [PMID: 4197292 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Ingle J, Pearson GG, Sinclair J. Species distribution and properties of nuclear satellite DNA in higher plants. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 242:193-7. [PMID: 4574004 DOI: 10.1038/newbio242193a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Robbins E, Fant J, Norton W. Intracellular iron-binding macromolecules in HeLa cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:3708-12. [PMID: 4509333 PMCID: PMC389854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.12.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of the iron-chelating agent, desferrioxamine (Desferal), that just inhibits iron entry into HeLa cells is also the concentration that inhibits DNA synthesis. As a first step in clarification of the mechanism whereby iron may partake in DNA synthesis, we have partially characterized several of the intracellular iron-binding sites. Most cytoplasmic iron appears to be bound to a polysaccharide containing glucose that sediments at about 32 S. Nucleolar iron is bound to a single protein, the mobility of which is independent of the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate in an acrylamide gel. In contrast the pattern and mobility of nuclear iron, other than nucleolar, is heterogeneous and markedly affected by the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The evidence suggests that nuclear iron is bound to protein through one or more intermediate(s).
Collapse
|
49
|
Bostock CJ, Prescott DM, Hatch FT. Timing of replication of the satellite and main band DNAs in cells of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii). Exp Cell Res 1972; 74:487-95. [PMID: 4117038 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
50
|
Tobia A, Brown E, Parker R, Schildkraut C, Maio J. DNA replication in synchronized cultured mammalian cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|