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Castillo EJ, Croft S, Jiron JM, Aguirre JI. Bone Structural, Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Characteristics of the Hindlimb Skeleton in the Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3133-3149. [PMID: 35090092 PMCID: PMC10394686 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a non-conventional laboratory rodent species used to model some human bone disorders. However, no studies have been conducted to characterize the postcranial skeleton. Therefore, we aimed to investigate age- and gender-related features of the hindlimb skeleton of this species. METHODS We used femurs and tibiae from 94 rats of both genders aged 4-28 wks. Bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties were determined in femurs. In addition, bone histomorphometry of tibiae was conducted to assess bone cell activities and bone turnover over time. RESULTS Bone length, total metaphysis BMC and vBMD, mid-diaphyseal BMC and vBMD, cortical thickness, and cortical area progressively augmented with age. Whereas the increase in these parameters plateaued at age 16-22 wks in female rats, they continued to rise to age 28 wks in male rats. Furthermore, bone strength parameters increased with age, with few differences between genders. We also observed a rapid decrease in longitudinal growth between ages 4-16 wks. Whereas young rats had a greater bone formation rate and bone turnover, older rice rats had greater bone volume and trabecular thickness, with no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS 1) Sexual dimorphism in the rice rat becomes grossly evident at age 16 wks; 2) the age-related increases in bone mass, structural cortical parameters, and in some biomechanical property parameters plateau at an older age in male than in female rats; and 3) bone growth and remodeling significantly decreased with age irrespective of the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - S Croft
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
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Aguirre JI, Castillo EJ, Kimmel DB. Preclinical models of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Bone 2021; 153:116184. [PMID: 34520898 PMCID: PMC8743993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially severe adverse event affecting patients with cancer and patients with osteoporosis who have been treated with powerful antiresorptives (pARs) or angiogenesis inhibitors (AgIs). pARs, including nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs; e.g., zoledronic acid, alendronate) and anti-RANKL antibodies (e.g., denosumab), are used to manage bone metastases in patients with cancer or to prevent fragility fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Though significant advances have been made in understanding MRONJ, its pathophysiology is still not fully elucidated. Multiple species have been used in preclinical MRONJ research, including the rat, mouse, rice rat, rabbit, dog, sheep, and pig. Animal research has contributed immensely to advancing the MRONJ field, particularly, but not limited to, in developing models and investigating risk factors that were first observed in humans. MRONJ models have been developed using clinically relevant doses of systemic risk factors, like N-BPs, anti-RANKL antibodies, or AgIs. Specific local oral risk factors first noted in humans, including tooth extraction and inflammatory dental disease (e.g., periodontitis, periapical infection, etc.), were then added. Research in rodents, particularly the rat, and, to some extent, the mouse, across multiple laboratories, has contributed to establishing multiple relevant and complementary preclinical models. Models in larger species produced accurate clinical and histopathologic outcomes suggesting a potential role for confirming specific crucial findings from rodent research. We view the current state of animal models for MRONJ as good. The rodent models are now reliable enough to produce large numbers of MRONJ cases that could be applied in experiments testing treatment modalities. The course of MRONJ, including stage 0 MRONJ, is characterized well enough that basic studies of the molecular or enzyme-level findings in different MRONJ stages are possible. This review provides a current overview of the existing models of MRONJ, their more significant features and findings, and important instances of their application in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Castillo EJ, Messer JG, Abraham AM, Jiron JM, Alekseyenko AV, Israel R, Thomas S, Gonzalez-Perez GM, Croft S, Gohel A, Bhattacharyya I, Yarrow JF, Novince CM, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Preventing or controlling periodontitis reduces the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Bone 2021; 145:115866. [PMID: 33515777 PMCID: PMC8265021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse event that requires association of both systemic risk factors, such as powerful anti-resorptives (pARs; e.g. zoledronic acid [ZOL]), and local oral risk factors (e.g. tooth extraction, periodontitis). Whereas optimal oral health prior to initiate pARs is recognized as critically important for minimizing ONJ risk, the efficacy of preventive/maintenance measures in patients who are taking pARs is understudied. Rice rats fed a standard diet (STD), rich in insoluble fiber, develop localized periodontitis. STD-rats with localized periodontitis treated with ZOL for 18-24 wk develop ONJ. Hence, we hypothesized that controlling/preventing localized periodontitis in the ZOL-treated rats, reduces ONJ occurrence. METHODS We used two approaches to attempt reducing periodontitis prevalence: 1) periodontal cleaning (PC); and 2) replacing the STD-diet with a nutritionally-equivalent diet high in soluble fiber (SF). 75 four-week-old male rats were weight-randomized into five groups (n = 15) in a 24-week experiment. Three groups ate the STD-diet and two the high SF-diet. STD-diet groups received intravenous (IV) vehicle (VEH) q4wks (STD + VEH), 80 μg/kg ZOL q4wks IV (STD + ZOL), or ZOL plus PC q2wks (STD + ZOL + PC). The SF-diet groups received VEH (SF + VEH) or ZOL (SF + ZOL). Jaws were processed for histopathology and evaluated for ONJ prevalence and tissue-level periodontitis. RESULTS 1) 40% of STD + VEH rats developed maxillary localized periodontitis with no ONJ; 2) 50% of STD + ZOL rats developed ONJ; 3) 7% of STD + ZOL + PC rats developed ONJ (p < 0.01 vs. STD + ZOL); and 4) one SF + ZOL rat developed localized periodontitis, and no SF + VEH or SF + ZOL rats developed ONJ (p < 0.001 vs. STD + ZOL). CONCLUSIONS 1) Periodontal cleaning in ZOL-treated rats decreases localized periodontitis severity and reduces ONJ prevalence; and 2) feeding a SF-diet to ZOL-treated rats reduces both incidence of localized periodontitis and ONJ. Our data indicates strong oral microbial community shifts according to oral health condition and trends in the shifts associated with diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - J G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - A M Abraham
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - A V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - R Israel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - S Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - G M Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - S Croft
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - A Gohel
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States of America.
| | - I Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States of America.
| | - J F Yarrow
- VA Medical Center, Research Service, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UF College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - C M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Wan JT, Sheeley DM, Somerman MJ, Lee JS. Mitigating osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors. Bone Res 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32195012 PMCID: PMC7064532 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) was preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow phosphorus from matches in the early 20th century saw a parallel decline in "phossy jaw" until the early 2000s, when similar reports of unusual jaw bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing jaw necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONJ associated with medications that block osteoclast activity (antiresorptive) is well known, though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONJ, and the use of drugs with anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. While recognizing that ONJ is a rare occurrence and ONJ-associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can lower the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONJ, the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Wan
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Douglas M. Sheeley
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Martha J. Somerman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Janice S. Lee
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Messer JG, Castillo EJ, Abraham AM, Jiron JM, Israel R, Yarrow JF, Thomas S, Reynolds MC, Wnek RD, Jorgensen M, Wanionok N, Van Poznak C, Bhattacharyya I, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody monotherapy causes destructive advanced periodontitis in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Bone 2020; 130:115141. [PMID: 31707108 PMCID: PMC6941430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis inhibitors (AgI) are commonly used in combination chemotherapy protocols to treat cancer, and have been linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, it is unknown if AgI therapy alone is sufficient to induce ONJ. We have previously established an ONJ model in rice rats with localized periodontitis that receive zoledronic acid (ZOL). The purpose of this study was to use this model to determine the role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (anti-VEGF) antibody treatment of rice rats with localized maxillary periodontitis. We hypothesized that rice rats with localized maxillary periodontitis given anti-VEGF monotherapy will develop oral lesions that resemble ONJ, defined by exposed, necrotic alveolar bone. METHODS At age 4 weeks, 45 male rice rats were randomized into three groups (n = 15): 1) VEH (saline), 2) ZOL (80 μg/kg body weight, intravenously once monthly), and 3) anti-VEGF (5 mg B20-4.1.1/kg body weight, subcutaneously twice weekly). After 24 weeks, rats were euthanized, jaws were excised and a high-resolution photograph of each quadrant was taken to assign a severity grade based on gross appearance. Jaws were then fixed, scanned by MicroCT, decalcified and sectioned for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS 40-80% of the rats in the three groups developed gross oral lesions. 50% of ZOL rats developed ONJ. In contrast, 80% of the anti-VEGF rats developed destructive advanced periodontitis that was characterized by extreme alveolar bone loss and fibrosis. Anti-VEGF rats never developed exposed, necrotic bone. Furthermore, only anti-VEGF rats developed mild to severe mandibular periodontitis. Compared to VEH rats, more T-cells were found in periodontal lesions of anti-VEGF rats and more cells of the monocyte lineage were found in ONJ lesions of ZOL rats. CONCLUSIONS Anti-VEGF monotherapy administered to a validated rodent model of ONJ caused a destructive advanced form of periodontitis that differed significantly from ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - A M Abraham
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - R Israel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - J F Yarrow
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - S Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - M C Reynolds
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - R D Wnek
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - M Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, UF, United States of America.
| | - N Wanionok
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - C Van Poznak
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - I Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States of America.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Messer JG, La S, Kipp DE, Castillo EJ, Yarrow JF, Jorgensen M, Wnek RD, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Diet-induced Generalized Periodontitis in Lewis Rats. Comp Med 2019; 69:384-400. [PMID: 31575381 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an important public health concern worldwide. Because rodents from the genus Rattus are resistant to spontaneous periodontitis, experimental periodontitis must be initiated by mechanical procedures and interventions. Due to their exacerbated Th1 response and imbalanced Th17 regulatory T-cell responses, Lewis rats are highly susceptible to inducible inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that feeding Lewis rats a diet high in sucrose and casein (HSC) would alter the oral microenvironment and induce inflammation and the development of periodontitis lesions without mechanical intervention. A baseline group (BSL, n = 8) was euthanized at age 6 wk. Beginning at 6 wk of age, 2 groups of Lewis rats were fed standard (STD, n = 12) or HSC (n = 20) chow and euthanized at 29 wk of age. We evaluated the degree of periodontitis through histology and μCT of maxillae and mandibles. The HSC-induced inflammatory response of periodontal tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines associated with Th1 and Th17 responses, innate immunity cytokines, and tissue damage in response to bacteria were assessed also. The potential systemic effects of HSC diet were evaluated by assessing body composition and bone densitometry endpoints; serum leptin and insulin concentrations; and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Placing Lewis rats on HSC diet for 24 wk induced a host Th1-immune response in periodontal tissues and mild to moderate, generalized periodontitis characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly T cells and macrophages), osteoclast resorption of alveolar bone, and hyperplasia and migration of the gingival epithelium. HSC-fed Lewis rats developed periodontitis without mechanical intervention in the oral cavity and in the absence of any noteworthy metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, the rat model we described here may be a promising approach for modeling mild to moderate periodontitis that is similar in presentation to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie La
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Deborah E Kipp
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;,
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Kuan SP, Liao YSJ, Davis KM, Messer JG, Zubcevic J, Aguirre JI, Reznikov LR. Attenuated Amiloride-Sensitive Current and Augmented Calcium-Activated Chloride Current in Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris) Airways. iScience 2019; 19:737-748. [PMID: 31491720 PMCID: PMC6731178 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged heat and sea salt aerosols pose a challenge for the mammalian airway, placing the protective airway surface liquid (ASL) at risk for desiccation. Thus, mammals inhabiting salt marshes might have acquired adaptations for ASL regulation. We studied the airways of the rice rat, a rodent that inhabits salt marshes. We discovered negligible Na+ transport through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In contrast, carbachol induced a large Cl- secretory current that was blocked by the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) inhibitor CaCCinhi-A01. Decreased mRNA expression of α, β, and γ ENaC, and increased mRNA expression of the CaCC transmembrane member 16A, distinguished the rice rat airway. Rice rat airway cultures also secreted fluid in response to carbachol and displayed an exaggerated expansion of the ASL volume when challenged with 3.5% NaCl. These data suggest that the rice rat airway might possess unique ion transport adaptations to facilitate survival in the salt marsh environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yan-Shin J Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Katelyn M Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Messer JG, Jiron JM, Mendieta Calle JL, Castillo EJ, Israel R, Phillips EG, Yarrow JF, Van Poznak C, Kesavalu L, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Zoledronate treatment duration is linked to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1116-1135. [PMID: 30712276 PMCID: PMC6487955 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the extent that zoledronate (ZOL) dose and duration is associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis (PD), characterize structural and tissue-level features of BRONJ-like lesions in this model, and examine the specific anti-resorptive role of ZOL in BRONJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice rats (n = 228) consumed high sucrose-casein diet to enhance generalized PD. Groups of rats received 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125 µg/kg IV ZOL/4 weeks encompassing osteoporosis and oncology ZOL doses. Rats from each dose group (n = 9-16) were necropsied after 12, 18, 24 and 30 weeks of treatment. BRONJ-like lesion prevalence and tissue-level features were assessed grossly, histopathologically and by MicroCT. ZOL bone turnover effects were assessed by femoral peripheral quantitative computed tomography, serum bone turnover marker ELISAs and osteoclast immunolabelling. RESULTS Prevalence of BRONJ-like lesions was significantly associated with (a) ZOL treatment duration, but plateaued at the lowest oncologic dose, and (b) there was a similar dose-related plateau in the systemic anti-resorptive effect of ZOL. ZOL and BRONJ-like lesions also altered the structural and tissue-level features of the jaw. CONCLUSION The relationship between BRONJ-like lesion prevalence and ZOL dose and duration varies depending on the co- or pre-existing oral risk factor. At clinically relevant doses of ZOL, BRONJ-like lesions are associated with anti-resorptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ronnie Israel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ean G Phillips
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Jiron JM, Mendieta Calle JL, Castillo EJ, Abraham AM, Messer JG, Malphurs WL, Malinowski C, Grove K, Reznikov LR, Zubcevic J, Aguirre JI. Comparison of Isoflurane, Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine, and Ketamine-Xylazine for General Anesthesia during Oral Procedures in Rice Rats ( Oryzomys palustris). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018; 58:40-49. [PMID: 30572978 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) are an unconventional laboratory species that has been used to study photoperiodicity, periodontitis, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Interventional procedures that require anesthesia, including oral procedures, are sometimes necessary in preclinical settings. The use of anesthetics including isoflurane and ketamine combined with α2-adrenoreceptor agonists, such as dexmedetomidine and xylazine, is well-established for laboratory rodents. However, their effects have been studied only modestly in rice rats. The aims of this study were to 1) determine the safety and consistency of 3 common anesthetic modalities in rice rats; 2) compare the physiologic and clinical responses to these anesthetics, and 3) verify the effectiveness of the most successful modality by testing it during an oral procedure (tooth extraction). Isoflurane, intraperitoneal ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and intraperitoneal ketamine-xylazine were evaluated by using a crossover design, in which each rat received all of the anesthetics. Compared with ketamine-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-xylazine, isoflurane inhalation through a nose cone produced more rapid induction, entry to a surgical plane of anesthesia, and initial recovery. In addition, isoflurane produced optimal anesthesia throughout the procedure for most rats. Unlike ketamine-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-xylazine, isoflurane did not alter rectal temperature, SpO₂, or respiratory rate during the surgical tolerance period, whereas ketamine-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-xylazine decreased rectal temperature during the last stage of anesthesia and induced cardiorespiratory depression. Furthermore, 2 rats experienced negative outcomes warranting euthanasia: one after receiving ketamine-dexmedetomidine, and the other after ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. In conclusion, isoflurane was the most reliable and effective anesthetic in rice rats and maintained a surgical depth of anesthesia for as long as 30 min, thus supporting successful tooth extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Abel M Abraham
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Kristina Grove
- Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;,
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Messer JG, Mendieta Calle JL, Jiron JM, Castillo EJ, Van Poznak C, Bhattacharyya N, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Zoledronic acid increases the prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a dose dependent manner in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) with localized periodontitis. Bone 2018; 108:79-88. [PMID: 29289789 PMCID: PMC5828169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate role of dose/duration of zoledronic acid (ZOL), a powerful anti-resorptive (pAR), on prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), a species with natural susceptibility to food impaction-induced localized periodontitis (FILP). We hypothesize that ZOL induces MRONJ lesions in rice rats with FILP, and that the prevalence of MRONJ rises with increasing dose and duration of ZOL treatment. METHODS We performed a toxicology experiment with clinically-relevant doses of ZOL in female rats (N=230) fed standard (STD) rodent chow. At age 4weeks (baseline), 12 rats were necropsied. The rest were randomized into five groups that began to receive 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125μg/kg ZOL IV/q 4weeks. After 12, 18, 24 and 30weeks, subgroups (N=9-16) from each of the dose groups were necropsied. High-resolution macroscopic photos of all jaw quadrants were given a gross quadrant grade (GQG) (0-4 or MRONJ) that classified FILP lesion severity and determined presence of gross MRONJ. Quadrants with GQG≥1 were examined histopathologically. Logistic regression analysis (ZOL dose/duration) of MRONJ prevalence was completed. RESULTS We found: 1) 75% of 0μg/kg ZOL rats developed FILP lesions; 2) baseline rats and rats treated with 0μg/kg ZOL had no MRONJ; 3) 29 gross MRONJ cases were identified; 4) all gross MRONJ cases were confirmed histopathologically by the observation of exposed necrotic bone, and 53 new cases were discovered (total=82); 5) ZOL dose (P<0.001), but not duration (P=0.326), was a significant predictor of MRONJ prevalence; 6) 13% prevalence of gross MRONJ among all rats, with 22% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncologic doses (20-125μg/kg); 7) 38% prevalence of histopathologic MRONJ among all rats, with 73% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncologic doses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first experiment to show a dose response relationship between clinically relevant doses of ZOL and MRONJ prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - J L Mendieta Calle
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - C Van Poznak
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - N Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, UF, United States.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Arzi B, Moshaverinia A, Verstraete FJM, Fiani N, Nishimura I. Craniomaxillofacial Disorders and Solutions in Humans and Animals. J Dent Res 2018; 97:364-370. [PMID: 29481293 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518758017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-disciplinary collaborations have initiated translational studies in an effort to harness naturally occurring diseases in companion animals to accelerate the development of new treatment modalities, drugs, and device inventions. These synergistic collaborations can identify clinically relevant models that offer the opportunity to conduct rigorous translational investigations. However, the relationship between craniomaxillofacial diseases in companion animals and humans has been widely overlooked. We report here an innovative and visionary 2-d symposium that was organized to gather professionals working on craniomaxillofacial disorders and solutions in humans and/or animals from multiple disciplines, including veterinary physicians, basic scientists, biomedical engineers, physicians, and dentists. The symposium provided a platform for junior and senior investigators and basic science and clinical researchers to network, collaborate, and develop a new clinical and translational framework for accelerated therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arzi
- 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Moshaverinia
- 2 Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F J M Verstraete
- 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Fiani
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - I Nishimura
- 2 Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Donos N, Park JC, Vajgel A, de Carvalho Farias B, Dereka X. Description of the periodontal pocket in preclinical models: limitations and considerations. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:16-34. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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GUPTA OP, SHAW JH. Dental Anatomy and characteristics of Periodontal Lesions in the Mongolian Gerbil. J Dent Res 2016; 39:1014-22. [PMID: 13709814 DOI: 10.1177/00220345600390050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Greulich RC, Ershoff BH. Delayed Effects of Multiple Sublethal Doses of Total Body X-Irradiation on the Periodontium and Teeth of Mice. J Dent Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/00220345610400061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Greulich
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, and Western Biological Laboratories, Culver City, California
| | - Benjamin H. Ershoff
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, and Western Biological Laboratories, Culver City, California
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Neuville KG, Trcalek CR, Leeper AM, Williams AA, Rivera M, Kesavalu L, Ke HZ, Liu M, Kimmel DB. Age-related periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rice rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:193-205. [PMID: 27771588 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in rice rats: (a) periodontitis (PD) progress with feeding of standard laboratory rat chow (STD) during ages 4-80 weeks; and (b) PD progress with feeding of a high sucrose-casein (H-SC) diet during young adulthood. METHODS One group (N=12) was euthanized at age 4 weeks (Baseline). Four groups (N=8-16) consumed a STD diet from baseline and were necropsied at ages 22, 30, 52, and 80 weeks. Three groups (N=10-16) consumed an H-SC diet from baseline. Two were necropsied at ages 22 and 30 weeks, respectively. The third switched to the STD diet at age 22 weeks and was necropsied at age 30 weeks. All mandibles/maxillae were assessed by histometry for degree of periodontal inflammation (PD Score), alveolar crest height (ACH, mm), and horizontal alveolar bone height (hABH, mm2). RESULTS In STD diet rats aged ≥30 weeks, all endpoints were worse (P<0.05) than at Baseline. In H-SC diet rats aged ≥22 weeks, all endpoints were worse than at Baseline (P<0.05). At age 22 weeks, all endpoints were worse in the H-SC group than in the STD group (P<0.05). By age 30 weeks, the STD and H-SC groups did not differ. CONCLUSIONS 1) STD diet fed rice rats develop moderate/severe PD by age 30 weeks; 2) an H-SC diet accelerates moderate/severe PD development; and 3) switching to a STD diet does not halt/reverse PD that was accelerated by an H-SC diet. These data further clarify use of the rice rat as a PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M P Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, United States.
| | - K G Neuville
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - C R Trcalek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A M Leeper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A A Williams
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M Rivera
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States.
| | - L Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States; Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - H Z Ke
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - M Liu
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Periostin-deficient mice, a relevant animal model to investigate periodontitis or not? BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:794. [PMID: 27087940 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Kimmel DB, Pingel JE, Williams A, Jorgensen M, Kesavalu L, Wronski TJ. Oncologic doses of zoledronic acid induce osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) with periodontitis. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2130-43. [PMID: 22623376 PMCID: PMC3436957 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Though osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is temporally-associated with the use of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. We hypothesize that ONJ is a two-stage process in which: (1) risk factors initiate pathologic processes in the oral cavity that lead to a supranormal rate of hard tissue necrosis; and (2) powerful antiresorptives reduce the rate of removal of necrotic bone sufficiently to allow its net accumulation in the jaw. To test this hypothesis, we used the rice rat model of periodontitis. At age 28 days, rats (n = 15/group) were placed on a high-sucrose and casein diet to exacerbate the development of periodontitis. Animals were injected subcutaneously (SC) biweekly with vehicle or alendronate (ALN, 15 µg/kg), or IV once monthly with vehicle, a low dose (LD) of zoledronic acid (ZOL), or a high dose (HD) of ZOL and sacrificed after 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Mandibles and maxillae were analyzed to determine the effects on the: (1) progression of periodontitis; (2) integrity of alveolar bone; (3) status of bone resorption and formation; (4) vascularity; and (5) osteocyte viability. We found that only HD-ZOL induced ONJ-like lesions in mandibles of rice rats after 18 and 24 weeks of treatment. These lesions were characterized by areas of exposed necrotic alveolar bone, osteolysis, a honeycomb-like appearance of the alveolar bone, presence of bacterial colonies, and periodontal tissue destruction. In addition, inhibition of bone formation, a paradoxical abolition of the antiresorptive effect of only HD-ZOL, increased osteocyte necrosis/apoptosis, and decreased blood vessel number were found after 18 and/or 24 weeks. Our study suggests that only HD-ZOL exacerbates the inflammatory response and periodontal tissue damage in rice rats, inducing bone lesions that resemble ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Kimmel DB, Pingel J, Xia X, Williams A, Jorgensen M, Edmonds K, Lee JY, Reinhard MK, Battles AH, Kesavalu L, Wronski TJ. Enhanced alveolar bone loss in a model of non-invasive periodontitis in rice rats. Oral Dis 2012; 18:459-68. [PMID: 22233442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) develops periodontitis-like lesions when fed a diet rich in sucrose and casein (H-SC). We aimed to establish whether this model can accurately mimic the development of human periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 28-day-old rice rats (15/group) were assigned to standard (STD) or H-SC diets and sacrificed after 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Jaws were processed for morphometric, histometric, histologic, histomorphometric, and micro-CT analyses. RESULTS We found a progressive increase in horizontal alveolar bone loss (ABL) with age in maxillae of rats fed the STD diet as determined by morphometry. The H-SC diet exacerbated horizontal ABL at the palatal surface at 12 and 18 weeks. Furthermore, increased vertical ABL was detected in mandibles and maxillae of rats fed the H-SC diet for 12 and/or 18 weeks by histometry and micro-CT. Remarkably, the H-SC diet significantly increased bone remodeling at the interproximal alveolar bone of mandibles from rats fed for 6 weeks, but not in those fed for longer periods. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the H-SC diet induced a transient increase in alveolar bone remodeling, which is followed by ABL characteristic of moderate periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Abstract
Animal models and cell cultures have contributed new knowledge in biological sciences, including periodontology. Although cultured cells can be used to study physiological processes that occur during the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the complex host response fundamentally responsible for this disease cannot be reproduced in vitro. Among the animal kingdom, rodents, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and nonhuman primates have been used to model human periodontitis, each with advantages and disadvantages. Periodontitis commonly has been induced by placing a bacterial plaque retentive ligature in the gingival sulcus around the molar teeth. In addition, alveolar bone loss has been induced by inoculation or injection of human oral bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis) in different animal models. While animal models have provided a wide range of important data, it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the findings are applicable to humans. In addition, variability in host responses to bacterial infection among individuals contributes significantly to the expression of periodontal diseases. A practical and highly reproducible model that truly mimics the natural pathogenesis of human periodontal disease has yet to be developed.
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Aguirre JI, Altman MK, Vanegas SM, Franz SE, Bassit ACF, Wronski TJ. Effects of alendronate on bone healing after tooth extraction in rats. Oral Dis 2010; 16:674-85. [PMID: 20846154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tooth extraction has been identified as an important risk factor for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on healing of the extraction socket and on interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were injected subcutaneously with vehicle or alendronate for 3-4 weeks before the first mandibular molar was extracted and these treatments were continued during post-extraction periods of 10, 21, 35 and 70 days. Mandibles were processed to evaluate healing of the extraction socket and adjacent alveolar bone by assessing bone formation, bone resorption and vascularity by histomorphometric techniques. RESULTS Alendronate decreased new woven bone formation, blood vessel area, perimeter and number in the extraction socket at 10 days postextraction, but not at later time points. Furthermore, alendronate-treated rats had increased interdental alveolar bone volume and height only at 10 days postextraction. In addition, a 2.5-fold increase in the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae was found in alveolar bone of alendronate-treated rats only at 10 days postextraction. CONCLUSIONS Alendronate transiently decreases bone formation and vascularity in the extraction socket and delays the removal of interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Björnsson MJ, Velschow S, Stoltze K, Havemose-Poulsen A, Schou S, Holmstrup P. The influence of diet consistence, drinking water and bedding on periodontal disease in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Periodontal Res 2004; 38:543-50. [PMID: 14632915 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rats have been extensively used in periodontal research, pre-experimental periodontal inspection has not been given high priority in previous studies of experimental periodontal disease in rats. An inspection of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were to be used in a model of experimental periodontal disease, revealed signs of periodontal disease in a considerable proportion of the animals. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study were to describe disease progression, identify factors responsible for induction of periodontal disease and test a method for breeding of healthy rats. METHODS AND RESULTS A longitudinal study revealed that 33% of rats, bred under the same conditions, showed signs of periodontal disease during, or shortly after, eruption of the molars. Regular diet caused significantly more horizontal bone loss (P = 0.0001) and significantly less periodontal bone support (P < 0.0001) than the same kind of diet with a smaller grain size. Wood chip bedding in the rats' cages significantly reduced periodontal bone support (P < 0.0001) compared to a wire mesh floor and a simultaneous use of regular diet and bedding decreased it even further (P = 0.0023). Finally, by using finely milled diet, a wire mesh floor and tap water, instead of conventional breeding methods of regular diet, bedding and acidic water, it was possible to breed rats with minimal signs of periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study emphasize the need for pre- experimental examination of rats. They also show that diet and bedding conditions have the potential of seriously influencing outcomes of studies of periodontal disease in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnús Jón Björnsson
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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MACDONALD JB, SOCRANSKY S, SAWYER S. A survey of the bacterial flora of the periodontium in the rice rat. Arch Oral Biol 1998; 1:1-7. [PMID: 14419317 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(59)90015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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SOCRANSKY SS, MACDONALD JB, SAWYER SJ, AUSKAPS AM. Quantitative studies of the bacterial flora of the periodontium in rice rats. Arch Oral Biol 1998; 2:104-10. [PMID: 13832419 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(60)90058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sashima M, Satoh M, Suzuki A. Age-related development of the long-junctional epithelium in the senescence-accelerated mouse. J Dent Res 1991; 70:1462-6. [PMID: 1960259 DOI: 10.1177/00220345910700111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesial gingiva of the maxillary first molar of SAM-R/1/Iw (senescence-accelerated mouse, resistant/1/Iwate) and the P/2/Iw (prone/2/Iwate) were studied morphologically by quantitative and qualitative methods as a function of age (one-, two-, six-, 12-, and 16-month-old). In this region, neither plaque nor periodontitis has been found (Sashima et al., 1990a). Statistical analyses of the gingival tissues in this region in both strains showed that, with age, the length of the junctional epithelium (JED) increased, the depth of the gingival sulcus (GSD) did not change, and the height of the gingival crest (GCD) decreased. Therefore, long-junctional epithelium developed, and gingival recession occurred, since a periodontal pocket did not develop with age in either strain. In particular, there was a strong correlation between the JED and age in both strains (r = 0.84, p less than 0.05 for the R/1/Iw, and r = 0.92, p less than 0.05 for the P/2/Iw). The JED, GSD, and GCD of the P/2/Iw were higher than each of those in the R/1/Iw after six months of age; however, there were no significant differences between the R/1/Iw and the P/2/Iw for any age group (one-, two-, six-, 12-, and 16-month-old).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sashima
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Japan
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Abstract
An outbreak of periodontitis and oro-nasal fistulation in rats in a routine long-term bioassay is described. There was strong circumstantial and pathological evidence that the lesions were caused by long pointed food fibres present in an expanded diet which was fed as a powder.
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Reichart PA, Dürr UM, Triadan H, Vickendey G. Periodontal disease in the domestic cat. A histopathologic study. J Periodontal Res 1984; 19:67-75. [PMID: 6232370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1984.tb01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Gaegauf-Zollinger R, Burckhardt JJ, Guggenheim B. Radiographic measurements of alveolar bone loss in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 1982; 27:651-8. [PMID: 6958222 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(82)90188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new method to evaluate alveolar bone loss in rodents is described. The palatal and lingual halves of maxillae and mandibles were radiographed. On enlarged positive prints, 5 vertical distances were drawn at defined sites from the cemento-enamel junction to points revealing fully intact bone structure. These were either located on the alveolar crest or at the depth of intrabony defects. These distances were recorded with a trace-reading pen coupled to a computer. Results were expressed in mm for each site separately and totals (left plus right values) for either maxillae or mandibles were calculated. This technique was compared to other methods for evaluating alveolar bone loss, using the jaws of rats subjected to a gnotobiotic regime in which the degree of bone loss was low. It was demonstrated that the measurement of vertical distances based on radiography by which also intrabony defects were defined was accurate, reproducible and more sensitive than other means of evaluating bone loss.
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Gotcher JE, Jee WS. The progress of the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat. I. Morphometric and autoradiographic studies. J Periodontal Res 1981; 16:275-91. [PMID: 6458677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ryder MI. Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat. I. General light microscopic observations and ultrastructural observations of initial inflammatory changes. J Periodontal Res 1980; 15:502-15. [PMID: 6449583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Leonard EP, Reese WV, Mandel EJ. Comparison of the effects of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and dichloromethylene diphosphonate upon periodontal bone resorption in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris). Arch Oral Biol 1979; 24:707-8. [PMID: 161500 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(79)90122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Amstad-Jossi M, Schroeder HE. Age-related alterations of periodontal structures around the cemento-enamel junction and of the gingival connective tissue composition in germ-free rats. J Periodontal Res 1978; 13:76-90. [PMID: 147334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hattler AB, Snyder DE, Listgarten MA, Kemp W. The lack of pulpal pathosis in rice rats with the periodontal syndrome. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1977; 44:939-48. [PMID: 271931 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(77)90038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine in the rice rat model whether a relationship exists between the severity of periodontal disease and the presence of severity of pulpal lesions. The results indicated that, even in the presence of severe loss of alveolar bone, extending close to the root apices, there were no detectable changes in the pulpal tissues as compared to the pulps of teeth in which there was no loss of alveolar bone. The scarcity of accessory pulp canals in the rice rat may be related to our findings.
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References. J Periodontal Res 1976. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1976.tb00102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
A histological investigation was carried out of the periodontia of young and mature sheep obtained from areas where a periodontal syndrome is endemic in sheep flocks. Observations of the incisor periodontia, which are most commonly affected by the syndrome, revealed no evidence of degenerative or pathological changes of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament or cementum compared with the periodontia of control animals. Minor inflammatory changes of the gingivae, associated with small amounts of a filamentous-type dental plaque, were noted in young animals from areas where the disease is endemic. In mature animals moderate to severe inflammatory periodontal disease with deep pocketing was evident together with dental plaque in the sheep from periodontal disease-prone areas; whereas control specimens showed minimal inflammatory response and dental plaque. It was concluded that periodontal disease in sheep can be described as a localized inflammatory disease initially of the gingivae and later of the deeper periodontal disease.
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Ammons WF, Schectman LR, Page RC. Host tissue response in chronic periodontal disease. 1. The normal periodontium and clinical manifestations of dental and periodontal disease in the marmoset. J Periodontal Res 1972; 7:131-43. [PMID: 4272039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jordan HV, Keyes PH, Bellack S. Periodontal lesions in hamsters and gnotobiotic rats infected with actinomyces of human origin. J Periodontal Res 1972; 7:21-8. [PMID: 4272027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Steinberg AI, Gershoff SN. Quantitative differences in spirochetal antibody observed in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1968; 39:286-9. [PMID: 5244722 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1968.39.5.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mulvihill JE, Susi FR, Shaw JH, Goldhaber P. Histological studies of the periodontal syndrome in rice rats and the effects of penicillin. Arch Oral Biol 1967; 12:733-44. [PMID: 5229327 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(67)90209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gupta OP, Blechman H, Stahl SS. Effects of Stress on the Periodontal Tissues of Young Adult Male Rats and Hamsters. J Periodontol 1960. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.1960.31.5.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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GUPTA OP, AUSKAPS AM, SHAW JH. Periodontal disease in the rice rat. IV. The effects of antibiotics on the incidence of periodontal lesions. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1957; 10:1169-75. [PMID: 13477656 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(57)90073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SHAW JH. Nutrition and the mouth. J Am Dent Assoc 1957; 54:473-5. [PMID: 13415807 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1957.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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GUPTA OP, SHAW JH. [Periodontal disease in the rice rat. II. Methods for the evaluation of the extent of periodontal disease]. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1956; 9:727-35. [PMID: 13349101 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(56)90249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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