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Mourya DT, Yadav PD, Basu A, Shete A, Patil DY, Zawar D, Majumdar TD, Kokate P, Sarkale P, Raut CG, Jadhav SM. Malsoor virus, a novel bat phlebovirus, is closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and heartland virus. J Virol 2014; 88:3605-9. [PMID: 24390329 PMCID: PMC3957954 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02617-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During a survey in the year 2010, a novel phlebovirus was isolated from the Rousettus leschenaultii species of bats in western India. The virus was identified by electron microscopy from infected Vero E6 cells. Phylogenic analysis of the complete genome showed its close relation to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Heartland viruses, which makes it imperative to further study its natural ecology and potential as a novel emerging zoonotic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Mourya
- Maximum Containment Laboratory, Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune, India
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Eckerle I, Lenk M, Ulrich RG. More novel hantaviruses and diversifying reservoir hosts--time for development of reservoir-derived cell culture models? Viruses 2014; 6:951-67. [PMID: 24576845 PMCID: PMC3970132 DOI: 10.3390/v6030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to novel, improved and high-throughput detection methods, there is a plethora of newly identified viruses within the genus Hantavirus. Furthermore, reservoir host species are increasingly recognized besides representatives of the order Rodentia, now including members of the mammalian orders Soricomorpha/Eulipotyphla and Chiroptera. Despite the great interest created by emerging zoonotic viruses, there is still a gross lack of in vitro models, which reflect the exclusive host adaptation of most zoonotic viruses. The usually narrow host range and genetic diversity of hantaviruses make them an exciting candidate for studying virus-host interactions on a cellular level. To do so, well-characterized reservoir cell lines covering a wide range of bat, insectivore and rodent species are essential. Most currently available cell culture models display a heterologous virus-host relationship and are therefore only of limited value. Here, we review the recently established approaches to generate reservoir-derived cell culture models for the in vitro study of virus-host interactions. These successfully used model systems almost exclusively originate from bats and bat-borne viruses other than hantaviruses. Therefore we propose a parallel approach for research on rodent- and insectivore-borne hantaviruses, taking the generation of novel rodent and insectivore cell lines from wildlife species into account. These cell lines would be also valuable for studies on further rodent-borne viruses, such as orthopox- and arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Eckerle
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Yang X, Zhou J, Yang W, Peng C, Zhang HL, Shi Z. A novel hantavirus detected in Yunnan red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) in China. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1454-1457. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the major natural reservoir of hantaviruses, which cause two main human zoonoses, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. Surveillance of hantaviruses in rodents plays an important role in the prevention and control of HFRS and HPS. In this study, small mammals were captured in an HFRS-endemic region, Luxi County within the Yunnan Province of China, from the autumn of 2009 to the spring of 2010, and assessed for the presence of hantaviruses. A high ratio of hantavirus infection was detected in the Yunnan red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus). Full-length sequences of the small, middle and large segments were determined from one positive sample (designated Luxi hantavirus). Analyses of the coding sequences indicated that this virus represents a distinct hantavirus species within the hantavirus group identified from the Rodentia subfamily Arvicolinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xinglou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, PR China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, PR China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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Prescott J, Hall P, Acuna-Retamar M, Ye C, Wathelet MG, Ebihara H, Feldmann H, Hjelle B. New World hantaviruses activate IFNlambda production in type I IFN-deficient vero E6 cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11159. [PMID: 20567522 PMCID: PMC2887373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaviruses indigenous to the New World are the etiologic agents of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). These viruses induce a strong interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) response in human endothelial cells. African green monkey-derived Vero E6 cells are used to propagate hantaviruses as well as many other viruses. The utility of the Vero E6 cell line for virus production is thought to owe to their lack of genes encoding type I interferons (IFN), rendering them unable to mount an efficient innate immune response to virus infection. Interferon lambda, a more recently characterized type III IFN, is transcriptionally controlled much like the type I IFNs, and activates the innate immune system in a similar manner. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that Vero E6 cells respond to hantavirus infection by secreting abundant IFNlambda. Three New World hantaviruses were similarly able to induce IFNlambda expression in this cell line. The IFNlambda contained within virus preparations generated with Vero E6 cells independently activates ISGs when used to infect several non-endothelial cell lines, whereas innate immune responses by endothelial cells are specifically due to viral infection. We show further that Sin Nombre virus replicates to high titer in human hepatoma cells (Huh7) without inducing ISGs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Herein we report that Vero E6 cells respond to viral infection with a highly active antiviral response, including secretion of abundant IFNlambda. This cytokine is biologically active, and when contained within viral preparations and presented to human epithelioid cell lines, results in the robust activation of innate immune responses. We also show that both Huh7 and A549 cell lines do not respond to hantavirus infection, confirming that the cytoplasmic RNA helicase pathways possessed by these cells are not involved in hantavirus recognition. We demonstrate that Vero E6 actively respond to virus infection and inhibiting IFNlambda production in these cells might increase their utility for virus propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Prescott
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Pamela Hall
- Research Service (151), New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Mariana Acuna-Retamar
- Department of Pathology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Department of Pathology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Marc G. Wathelet
- Department of Pathology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian Hjelle
- Department of Pathology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Zhang YZ, Lin XD, Shi NF, Wang W, Liao XW, Guo WP, Fan FN, Huang XM, Li MH, Li MF, Chen Y, Chen XP, Wang SB, Fu ZF, Plyusnin A. Hantaviruses in small mammals and humans in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province, China. J Med Virol 2010; 82:987-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang YZ, Zhang FX, Wang JB, Zhao ZW, Li MH, Chen HX, Zou Y, Plyusnin A. Hantaviruses in rodents and humans, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:885-91. [PMID: 19523286 PMCID: PMC2727351 DOI: 10.3201/eid1506.081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vigilance is needed to prevent hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome caused by Hantaan
and Seoul viruses in this region. Surveys were carried out in 2003–2006 to better understand the
epidemiology of hantaviruses in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China
(Inner Mongolia). Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was first
reported in this region in 1955 and has been an important public health problem
here since then. During 1955–2006, 8,309 persons with HFRS were
reported in Inner Mongolia (average incidence rate 0.89/100,000), and 261
(3.14%) died. Before the 1990s, all HFRS cases occurred in northeastern Inner
Mongolia. Subsequently, HFRS cases were registered in central (1995) and western
(1999) Inner Mongolia. In this study, hantaviral antigens were identified in
striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) from northeastern Inner
Mongolia and in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from middle and
western Inner Mongolia. Phylogenetic analysis of hantaviral genome sequences
suggests that HFRS has been caused mainly by Hantaan virus in northeastern Inner
Mongolia and by Seoul virus in central and western Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YZ, Dong X, Li X, Ma C, Xiong HP, Yan GJ, Gao N, Jiang DM, Li MH, Li LP, Zou Y, Plyusnin A. Seoul virus and hantavirus disease, Shenyang, People's Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:200-6. [PMID: 19193263 PMCID: PMC2662651 DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurred among students in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University in 2006. We conducted a study to characterize etiologic agents of the outbreaks and clarify the origin of hantaviruses causing infections in humans and laboratory animals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG antibodies against Seoul virus (SEOV) were detected in the serum samples of all 8 patients. IgG antibodies against hantavirus were also identified in laboratory rats, which were used by these students for their scientific research. Phylogenetic analysis showed that partial small segment sequences recovered from humans, laboratory rats, and local wild rats belonged to SEOV. Hantavirus sequences recovered from humans and laboratory rats clustered within 1 of 3 lineages of SEOV circulating among local wild rats in Shenyang. These results suggest that the HFRS outbreak in Shenyang was caused by SEOV that was circulating among local wild rats and had also infected the laboratory rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zou Y, Hu J, Wang ZX, Wang DM, Li MH, Ren GD, Duan ZX, Fu ZF, Plyusnin A, Zhang YZ. Molecular diversity and phylogeny of Hantaan virus in Guizhou, China: evidence for Guizhou as a radiation center of the present Hantaan virus. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1987-1997. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/000497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain further insight into the molecular epidemiology of Hantaan virus (HTNV) in Guizhou, China, rodents were captured in this region in 2004 and 2005. In addition, serum samples were collected from four patients. Ten hantaviruses were isolated successfully in cell culture from four humans, two Apodemus agrarius, three Rattus norvegicus and one Rattus nitidus. The nucleotide sequences for their small (S), medium (M) and partial large (L) segments were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the S and M segment sequences revealed that all of these isolates belong to the species HTNV, suggesting a spillover of HTNV from A. agrarius to Rattus rats. All available isolates from Guizhou were divided into four distinct groups either in the S segment tree or in the M segment tree. The clustering pattern of these isolates in the S segment tree was not in agreement with that in the M or L segment tree, showing that genetic reassortment between HTNV had occurred naturally. Analysis of the S segment sequences from available HTNV strains indicated that they formed three clades. The first clade, which comprised only viruses from Guizhou, was the outgroup of clades II and III. The viruses in the second clade were found in Guizhou and mainly in the far-east Asian region, including China. However, the viruses in the third clade were found in most areas of China, including Guizhou, in which haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic. Our results reveal that the highest genetic diversity of HTNV is in a limited geographical region of Guizhou, and suggest that Guizhou might be a radiation centre of the present form of HTNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliate of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Zhao-Xiao Wang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Ding-Ming Wang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
| | - Guo-Dong Ren
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng-Xiu Duan
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen F. Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexander Plyusnin
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, 102206 Beijing, PR China
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Zhang YZ, Zou Y, Yan YZ, Hu GW, Yao LS, Du ZS, Jin LZ, Liu YY, Li MH, Chen HX, Fu ZF. Detection of phylogenetically distinct Puumala-like viruses from red-grey vole Clethrionomys rufocanus in China. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1208-18. [PMID: 17596824 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate whether Puumala virus (PUUV) or PUUV-like virus is present in China, Clethrionomys rufocanus and C. rutilus were captured in the Jilin province during the spring and autumn of 2002-2003 for detection of PUUV viral RNA by RT-PCR and confirmation of PUUV-positive antigens by an immunofluorescence assay. PUUV-positive RNA was identified in six out of 121 C. rufocanus but not in any of the 41 C. rutilus. Complete S and partial M sequences (nt 1,316-1,598 and 2,687-3,089) were amplified by RT-PCR directly from some of the antigen positive lung tissues and subjected to nucleic acid sequencing. It was found that the Chinese PUUV-like viruses were related most closely with the PUUV strains with 77.7-81.7% identity at the nucleotide level and 91.7-97% identity at the amino acid level for S segment, and with 77-78.8% identity at the nucleotide level and 91.5-92.6% identity at the amino acid level for the partial M segment (nt 1,316-1,598). Genetic analysis indicated that the Chinese PUUV-like viruses shared the highest level of identity with the viruses which circulate in C. rufocanus in the Far East region of Russia with 85.1-87.4% identity at the nucleotide level and 95.9% identity at the amino acid level for the partial M segment (nt 2,687-3,089), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Chinese PUUV-like viruses are distinct from those identified from Japan, South Korea, Europe or Russia. These results indicate that PUUV-like virus is present in China in addition to Hantaan, Seoul and Dabieshan viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Evander M, Eriksson I, Pettersson L, Juto P, Ahlm C, Olsson GE, Bucht G, Allard A. Puumala hantavirus viremia diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using samples from patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2491-7. [PMID: 17537944 PMCID: PMC1951205 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01902-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) is the endemic hantavirus in northern Sweden and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. There is a need for fast and reliable diagnostics to differentiate the disease from other infections. By aligning virus RNA sequences isolated from 11 different bank voles and one human patient, we designed a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR method for detection of PUUV RNA. The real-time RT-PCR assay showed linearity from 20 to 2 x 10(6) virus copies with a correlation coefficient above 0.98 to 0.99 for all experiments. The detection threshold for PUUV cDNA was two copies per reaction. A two-step qualitative RT-PCR to detect PUUV RNA showed 100% concordance with the real-time RT-PCR assay. PUUV RNA viremia was detected in 33 of 34 PUUV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive patients with typical clinical NE disease from the region of endemicity. One PUUV IgM-negative sample had PUUV RNA, and 4 days later, the patient was IgM positive. Of samples with indeterminate IgM, 43% were PUUV RNA positive. The kinetics of antibody titers and PUUV viremia were studied, and five of six NE patients displayed a decrease in PUUV viremia a few days after disease outbreak coupled with an increase in PUUV IgM and IgG. In one patient with continuously high PUUV RNA levels but low IgM and no IgG response, the infection was lethal. These findings demonstrated that real-time RT-PCR is a useful method for diagnosis of PUUV viremia and for detecting PUUV RNA at early time points, before the appearance of IgM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Evander
- Department of Virology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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11
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Zhang YZ, Zou Y, Yao LS, Hu GW, Du ZS, Jin LZ, Liu YY, Wang HX, Chen X, Chen HX, Fu ZF. Isolation and characterization of hantavirus carried by Apodemus peninsulae in Jilin, China. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1295-1301. [PMID: 17374775 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a better understanding of hantavirus epidemiology in China, Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsulae) and striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) were captured in Jilin province, China, where haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic. Hantavirus antigens were detected in eight of the 130 A. peninsulae individuals and in four of the 193 A. agrarius individuals by using an immunofluorescence assay. Partial S and M segments were amplified from all of the antigen-positive samples. Furthermore, two hantaviruses (CJAp89 and CJAp93) were isolated successfully in cell culture and the entire S and M segments were amplified from one of them (CJAp93). Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences (partial or complete) showed that hantaviruses carried by A. peninsulae and A. agrarius form two distinct lineages, although viruses carried by A. peninsulae are similar to those isolated previously from A. agrarius in China and from HFRS patients in Russia. However, the viruses detected in A. peninsulae in China are genetically different from those detected in A. peninsulae in other countries. These data suggest that A. peninsulae is also a natural host for HTNV in north-eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lai-Shun Yao
- Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Wei Hu
- Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhan-Shen Du
- Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Long-Zhe Jin
- Hunchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunchun 133300, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yao-Yuan Liu
- Fusong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fusong 134500, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hua-Xin Chen
- Department of Hemorrhagic Fever, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping Liuzi 5, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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12
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Aitichou M, Saleh SS, McElroy AK, Schmaljohn C, Ibrahim MS. Identification of Dobrava, Hantaan, Seoul, and Puumala viruses by one-step real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2005; 124:21-6. [PMID: 15664046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed four assays for specifically identifying Dobrava (DOB), Hantaan (HTN), Puumala (PUU), and Seoul (SEO) viruses. The assays are based on the real-time one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the small segment used as the target sequence. The detection limits of DOB, HTN, PUU, and SEO assays were 25, 25, 25, and 12.5 plaque-forming units, respectively. The assays were evaluated in blinded experiments, each with 100 samples that contained Andes, Black Creek Canal, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and Sin Nombre viruses in addition to DOB, HTN, PUU and SEO viruses. The sensitivity levels of the DOB, HTN, PUU, and SEO assays were 98%, 96%, 92% and 94%, respectively. The specificity of DOB, HTN and SEO assays was 100% and the specificity of the PUU assay was 98%. Because of the high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, we believe that these assays can be useful for diagnosing and differentiating these four Old-World hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aitichou
- Clinical Research Management, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Johnson
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of New Mexico, 10 Calle Final, Placitas, NM 87043, USA
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14
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Muir P, Kämmerer U, Korn K, Mulders MN, Pöyry T, Weissbrich B, Kandolf R, Cleator GM, van Loon AM. Molecular typing of enteroviruses: current status and future requirements. The European Union Concerted Action on Virus Meningitis and Encephalitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998; 11:202-27. [PMID: 9457433 PMCID: PMC121380 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.11.1.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses have traditionally been typed according to neutralization serotype. This procedure is limited by the difficulty in culturing some enteroviruses, the availability of antisera for serotyping, and the cost and technical complexity of serotyping procedures. Furthermore, the impact of information derived from enterovirus serotyping is generally perceived to be low. Enteroviruses are now increasingly being detected by PCR rather than by culture. Classical typing methods will therefore no longer be possible in most instances. An alternative means of enterovirus typing, employing PCR in conjunction with molecular genetic techniques such as nucleotide sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization, would complement molecular diagnosis, may overcome some of the problems associated with serotyping, and would provide additional information regarding the epidemiology and biological properties of enteroviruses. We argue the case for developing a molecular typing system, discuss the genetic basis of such a system, review the literature describing attempts to identify or classify enteroviruses by molecular methods, and suggest ways in which the goal of molecular typing may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muir
- Department of Virology, United Medical School of Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Fulhorst CF, Monroe MC, Salas RA, Duno G, Utrera A, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST, de Manzione NM, Tovar D, Tesh RB. Isolation, characterization and geographic distribution of Caño Delgadito virus, a newly discovered South American hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae). Virus Res 1997; 51:159-71. [PMID: 9498614 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(97)00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodents collected from the Venezuelan llanos (plains) during field studies of viral hemorrhagic fever were tested for evidence of hantavirus infection. Hantavirus antibody was found in one (7.7%) of 13 Oryzomys bicolor, one (3.4%) of 29 Rattus rattus, 10 (6.0%) of 166 Sigmodon alstoni and one (2.2%) of 45 Zygodontomys brevicauda. Hantavirus-specific RNA was detected in lung tissues from four antibody-positive rodents: two S. alstoni from Portuguesa State and one S. alstoni each from Cojedes and Barinas States. A hantavirus isolate (herein identified as VHV-574) was recovered from lung tissue from a hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni collected from Portuguesa State. The results of serological tests and analyses of small and medium RNA segment nucleotide sequence data indicated that VHV-574 represents a novel hantavirus (proposed name 'Caño Delgadito') that is distinct from all previously characterized hantaviruses. The results of analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the four hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni suggested that Caño Delgadito virus is widely distributed in the Venezuelan llanos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Fulhorst
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
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16
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Bowen MD, Gelbmann W, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST, Nowotny N. Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in Austrian rodents. J Med Virol 1997; 53:174-81. [PMID: 9334930 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199710)53:2<174::aid-jmv11>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Puumala and Tula viruses are hantaviruses found in Europe and are associated with the rodents Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus arvalis, respectively. Puumala virus is associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica. In Austria, ten clinically diagnosed cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by Puumala virus infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed [Leschinskaya et al., 1991; Aberle et al., 1996]. To identify the hantaviruses that are present in Austria, five species of rodents were trapped and screened for virus antibodies, antigen, and RNA. Hantaviruses were detected in two species, Cl. glareolus and M. arvalis, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR products from Cl. glareolus tissues yielded a unique Puumala virus sequence distinct from Puumala virus sequences reported from other parts of Europe. RT-PCR products from M. arvalis tissues yielded two genetically distinct Tula virus sequences, one similar to sequences reported from Slovakia and the Czech Republic and another that appears to be a novel genetic variant of Tula virus. This is the first confirmed report of hantaviruses in Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bowen
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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17
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Dekonenko A, Ibrahim MS, Schmaljohn CS. A colorimetric PCR-enzyme immunoassay to identify hantaviruses. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY 1997; 8:113-21. [PMID: 9316733 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0197(97)00020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaviruses cause two serious human diseases: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. At least nine hantaviruses are known to be pathogenic for humans and numerous others, with unknown disease potential, have been detected in rodents. Assays to quickly identify specific hantaviruses would be useful both for clinical diagnosis and in risk assessment studies. OBJECTIVES The goal of our study was to develop and test a specific and sensitive PCR-based assay for identification and differentiation of hantaviruses. STUDY DESIGN We developed an assay that combined RNA-PCR amplification and colorimetric enzymatic detection to identify representative European, Asian, and north American hantaviruses. RNAs from 18 hantavirus strains of nine species were amplified in the presence of digoxigenin-dUTP by using a single pair of oligonucleotide primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed by using rTth DNA polymerase. Digoxigenin-labeled PCR products were hybridized in solution to virus type-specific biotinilated probes, captured onto streptavidin-coated microtiter plates and detected by horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibodies and a chromogenic substrate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The assay correctly identified each homologous virus type tested. The detection limit of the assay was approximately 15 PFU or at least 50 copies of the viral genome. The assay is simple and strain-specific and is adaptable for automation, making it more practical than other available techniques for accurate and reliable diagnosis and typing of hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dekonenko
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
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18
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Atmar RL, Baxter BD. Typing and subtyping clinical isolates of influenza virus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY 1996; 7:77-84. [PMID: 9137863 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0197(96)00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and the identification of the type or subtype of a clinical isolate has important clinical and epidemiological implications. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to type and subtype clinical human isolates of influenza virus. STUDY DESIGN Reference strains of influenza A H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses and human clinical isolates of influenza virus representing antigenic variants from the last 15 years were evaluated using an RT-PCR assay. RESULTS Amplicons of 325, 198 and 365 base pairs in length were obtained from RNA extracted from influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses, respectively. All human-derived A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B reference strains and antigenic variants tested were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR is an effective alternative to traditional methods for typing and subtyping influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Atmar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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20
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Sibold C, Sparr S, Labuda M, Krüger DH, Meisel H. Detection of hantaviruses by polymerase chain reaction. Cell Mol Life Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01919527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Sibold C, Sparr S, Schulz A, Labuda M, Kozuch O, Lysý J, Krüger DH, Meisel H. Genetic characterization of a new hantavirus detected in Microtus arvalis from Slovakia. Virus Genes 1995; 10:277-81. [PMID: 8560789 DOI: 10.1007/bf01701817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new hantavirus, called Malacky, has been identified in lung tissue specimens of a vole, Microtus arvalis, by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The voles were trapped in a geographical area in Slovakia where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in the human population. Sequence analysis of a major part of the S segment showed this virus to represent a new subtype within Tula, a new hantavirus genetic group defined very recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sibold
- Institute of Medical Virology, Charité Medical School, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Hörling J, Lundkvist A, Persson K, Mullaart M, Dzagurova T, Dekonenko A, Tkachenko E, Niklasson B. Detection and subsequent sequencing of Puumala virus from human specimens by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:277-82. [PMID: 7714178 PMCID: PMC227932 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.2.277-282.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive method based on PCR was developed for the detection of Puumala virus (PUU) in human samples. The assay was found to be specific for PUU-like strains and distinguished between these and hantaviruses of other serotypes. The detection limit was found to be 10(-5) focus-forming units. Clinical samples were collected from patients with nephropathia epidemica in Sweden and western Russia. Five whole blood samples collected from patients in Russia with the acute phase of disease were found to be positive by the PCR. All samples were negative for PUU antigen when examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Virus isolation on Vero E6 cells from several of the acute-phase samples, including the 5 PCR-positive samples, was not successful. The amplified samples were subjected to direct nucleic acid sequencing for confirmation of identity. The sequences differed from each other and were closely related to the Russian bank vole isolate CG-1820, thereby indicating the origin of nephropathia epidemica. The PCR was used for amplification and subsequent nucleotide sequencing of eight PUU-like isolates with different geographic origins. The Swedish strains were more closely related to the Finnish PUU prototype strain, Sotkamo, than to the Russian isolates. Interestingly, a Belgian isolate, CG-13891, differed markedly from all other PUU strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hörling
- Department of Defense Microbiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm
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23
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Kariwa H, Kamimura M, Arikawa J, Yoshimatsu K, Takashima I, Hashimoto N. Characterization of the mode of Hantaan virus infection in adult mice using a nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: transient virus replication in adult mice. Microbiol Immunol 1995; 39:35-41. [PMID: 7783676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of hantavirus genome was established and applied to analyze the mode of infection of Hantaan virus in adult ICR mice. The cDNA for the S genome segment of Hantaan virus was reverse-transcribed from the total RNA of organs of the infected mice. The sequence in the S genome segment of Hantaan virus was successfully amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR followed by nested PCR. In 5-week-old ICR mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Hantaan virus, strain 76-118 (1.3 x 10(5) FFU/mouse), the virus was detected in clots and lungs from 3 to 10 days post-inoculation (p.i.) by nested PCR and virus-isolation techniques. No virus was detected in any specimens collected on 1 day and after 28 days p.i., and in spleens and brains through the observation period by both methods. The antibody which was measured by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) appeared at 7 days p.i. and the geometric mean titer was elevated to its maximum level of 1:203 at 10 days p.i., maintaining the same level until 35 days p.i. These results suggest that adult mice are transiently infected with Hantaan virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kariwa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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24
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Lundkvist Å, Niklasson B. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and other hantavirus infections. Rev Med Virol 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1980040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Kariwa H, Arikawa J, Takashima I, Isegawa Y, Yamanishi K, Hashimoto N. Enhancement of infectivity of hantavirus in cell culture by centrifugation. J Virol Methods 1994; 49:235-44. [PMID: 7822463 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugation was introduced during virus adsorption to Vero E6 cells to improve the infectivity of hantavirus. Centrifugal adsorption of a stock solution of Hantaan virus strain 76-118 to a monolayer of Vero E6 cells enhanced virus infectivity depending on the centrifugation time and the centrifugal force. The maximum level of infectivity (3.1 x 10(6) FFU/ml) was enhanced after a 2 h centrifugation at 671 x g, which was almost 9-times higher than that of conventional adsorption of the virus at 37 degrees C for 1 h. Vero E6 cells were inoculated with a new hantavirus strain, KI-91-40, isolated with a low infectious titer (400 FFU/ml) from an urban rat and adsorbed by centrifugation. A higher virus titer was detected sooner compared to when using conventional adsorption. To analyze the mechanism of the enhancement, the centrifugation was carried out before and after virus adsorption. The infectivity was reduced when Vero E6 monolayers were centrifuged before virus inoculation. When the centrifugation proceeded after inoculation, the infectivity was almost equal to that without centrifugation. The infectivity was only enhanced when centrifugation was carried out during inoculation. These results indicate that centrifugation promotes a very early event of infection, probably attachment of the virus to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kariwa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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26
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Liang M, Li D, Xiao SY, Hang C, Rossi CA, Schmaljohn CS. Antigenic and molecular characterization of hantavirus isolates from China. Virus Res 1994; 31:219-33. [PMID: 7909976 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by certain viruses in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, and is a major public health problem in China. By using molecular and serological tests, we characterized 15 hantaviruses isolated either from patients with HFRS or from rodents captured in endemic areas of China. By cross plaque-reduction neutralization tests performed with rabbit immune sera, we identified two serologically distinct groups of viruses, comprised of those related to Hantaan virus, and those related to Seoul virus. To study the genetic relationships among these viruses, we amplified a 330 base pair region of the medium (M) genome segment of each isolate by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared the nucleotide sequences to those of other, well-characterized hantaviruses. In addition, we PCR-amplified and analyzed the entire coding region of the small (S) genome segment of each isolate by restriction enzyme digestion with a battery of enzymes. The results of our genetic analyses of both the M and S segments of these isolates confirmed our serological data, indicating that Hantaan and Seoul viruses co-circulate in endemic disease regions of China. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on multiple alignment of the partial M segment sequences. The resulting dendrogram distinguished three genetic subtypes of Hantaan viruses and one type of Seoul virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liang
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011
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27
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Yanagihara R. Geographic-specific genotypes or topotypes of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I as markers for early and recent migrations of human populations. Adv Virus Res 1994; 43:147-86. [PMID: 8191953 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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28
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Puthavathana P, Dobbs M, Baek LJ, Chu YK, Lee HW, Kang CY. Comparison of nucleotide sequences among hantaviruses belonging to the same serotype: an analysis of amplified DNA by thermal cycle sequencing. Virus Res 1993; 30:161-9. [PMID: 8249444 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hantavirus genus, belonging to the bunyaviridae family, is comprised of at least four serologically distinct types: Hantaan, Seoul, Puumala and Prospect Hill. Previously, we reported the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for grouping hantavirus isolates by using four sets of primers specific to each serotype. Our PCR typing results agreed with those of serological typing. The present study makes use of thermal cycle sequencing to sequence PCR-amplified DNA products in order to determine the level of similarity among members of the same serotype. We show that members of Hantaan and Seoul serotypes are over 92% homologous, irrespective of their host and geographical origin. Puumala sequences show a degree of homology ranging from 80 to 98%. Despite the variation in sequence at the nucleotide level, amino acids show an even higher level of conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puthavathana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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