1
|
Ambattu LA, Yeo LY. Sonomechanobiology: Vibrational stimulation of cells and its therapeutic implications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021301. [PMID: 38504927 PMCID: PMC10903386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
All cells possess an innate ability to respond to a range of mechanical stimuli through their complex internal machinery. This comprises various mechanosensory elements that detect these mechanical cues and diverse cytoskeletal structures that transmit the force to different parts of the cell, where they are transcribed into complex transcriptomic and signaling events that determine their response and fate. In contrast to static (or steady) mechanostimuli primarily involving constant-force loading such as compression, tension, and shear (or forces applied at very low oscillatory frequencies (≤ 1 Hz) that essentially render their effects quasi-static), dynamic mechanostimuli comprising more complex vibrational forms (e.g., time-dependent, i.e., periodic, forcing) at higher frequencies are less well understood in comparison. We review the mechanotransductive processes associated with such acoustic forcing, typically at ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz), and discuss the various applications that arise from the cellular responses that are generated, particularly for regenerative therapeutics, such as exosome biogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial barrier modulation. Finally, we offer perspectives on the possible existence of a universal mechanism that is common across all forms of acoustically driven mechanostimuli that underscores the central role of the cell membrane as the key effector, and calcium as the dominant second messenger, in the mechanotransduction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phan TN, Fan CH, Yeh CK. Application of Ultrasound to Enhancing Stem Cells Associated Therapies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10546-w. [PMID: 37119453 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell therapy exhibits self-renewal capacity and multi-directional differentiation potential and is considered an important regenerative approach for the treatment of several diseases. However, insufficient cell transplantation efficiency, uncontrollable differentiation, low cell viability, and difficult tracing limit its clinical applications and treatment outcome. Ultrasound (US) has mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects that can produce different biological effects on organs, tissues, and cells. US can be combined with different US-responsive particles for enhanced physical-chemical stimulation and drug delivery. In the meantime, US also can provide a noninvasive and harmless imaging modality for deep tissue in vivo. An in-depth evaluation of the role and mechanism of action of US in stem cell therapy would enhance understanding of US and encourage research in this field. In this article, we comprehensively review progress in the application of US alone and combined with US-responsive particles for the promotion of proliferation, differentiation, migration, and in vivo detection of stem cells and the potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Nhan Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moyano DB, Paraiso DA, González-Lezcano RA. Possible Effects on Health of Ultrasound Exposure, Risk Factors in the Work Environment and Occupational Safety Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:423. [PMID: 35326901 PMCID: PMC8954895 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. Ultrasonic waves are emitted by devices that are used in industry or that have a medical or aesthetic purpose. There is growing interest in the effect of ultrasound absorption on the human body, since people's exposure to these acoustic waves has increased considerably in recent years. There are more and more devices that emit ultrasounds used for different sanitary procedures, aesthetic treatments and industrial processes, creating more possibilities of ultrasound noise, and therefore an increased risk of occupational hazard and occupational danger. Experiments on animals have shown damage to internal organs from receiving different ultrasonic frequencies. The main task of this work was to organize and summarize recent studies on ultrasound to reflect the current state of this technique and establish a systematic basis for future lines of research. This work has allowed us to better understand the unknown field of these high frequencies of sound, and highlights the need to carry out more studies on the ultrasound emissions that can be absorbed by the human body to determine how this energy could affect humans by calculating the maximum dose of exposure and developing manuals for the use of ultrasound-emitting equipment to protect the health of workers and all people. It is necessary to develop regulations by public administrations to improve the protection of workers, health professionals, patients and all people in general for better occupational safety, indoor environmental quality and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Baeza Moyano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Montepríncipe University San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Arranz Paraiso
- Department Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Knowledge Area Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Montepríncipe, University San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano
- Architecture and Design Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus Montepríncipe, University San Pablo CEU, Alcorcón, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recent advances in micro/nanoscale intracellular delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Murad HY, Bortz EP, Yu H, Luo D, Halliburton GM, Sholl AB, Khismatullin DB. Phenotypic alterations in liver cancer cells induced by mechanochemical disruption. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19538. [PMID: 31862927 PMCID: PMC6925139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal disease recognized as a growing global health crisis worldwide. Currently, no curative treatment is available for early-to-intermediate stage HCC, characterized by large and/or multifocal tumors. If left untreated, HCC rapidly progresses to a lethal stage due to favorable conditions for metastatic spread. Mechanochemical disruption of cellular structures can potentially induce phenotypic alterations in surviving tumor cells that prevent HCC progression. In this paper, HCC response to mechanical vibration via high-intensity focused ultrasound and a chemical disruptive agent (ethanol) was examined in vitro and in vivo. Our analysis revealed that mechanochemical disruption caused a significant overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in multiple HCC cell lines (HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B). This led to a decrease in cell viability and long-term proliferation due to increased expression and activity of death receptors TNFR1 and Fas. The cells that survived mechanochemical disruption had a reduced expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD90, CD49f) and a diminished colony-forming ability. Mechanochemical disruption also impeded HCC migration and their adhesion to vascular endothelium, two critical processes in hematogenous metastasis. The HCC transformation to a non-tumorigenic phenotype post mechanochemical disruption was confirmed by a lack of tumor spheroid formation in vitro and complete tumor regression in vivo. These results show that mechanochemical disruption inhibits uncontrolled proliferation and reduces tumorigenicity and aggressiveness of HCC cells through ROS overproduction and associated activation of TNF- and Fas-mediated cell death signaling. Our study identifies a novel curative therapeutic approach that can prevent the development of aggressive HCC phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakm Y Murad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emma P Bortz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daishen Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gray M Halliburton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew B Sholl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Damir B Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Tulane Institute for Integrative Engineering for Health and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brüningk SC, Rivens I, Mouratidis P, Ter Haar G. Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Hyperthermia in Vitro: An Experimental Arrangement for Treating Cells under Tissue-Mimicking Conditions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3290-3297. [PMID: 31500898 PMCID: PMC6878221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental arrangement that allows in vitro exposure of cells to focused ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia (43°C-55°C) in a tissue-mimicking phantom with biological, acoustic and thermal properties comparable to those of human soft tissue is described. Cells were embedded in a compressed collagen gel, which was sandwiched between 6-mm-thick slices of biocompatible, acoustically absorbing and thermally tissue mimicking poly(vinyl alcohol) cryo-gel. To illustrate the system's potential, cells were exposed using a 1.66-MHz focused ultrasound beam (spatial-peak temporal-average intensities (ISPTA) = 900-1400 W/cm2) that traced out a circular trajectory (5-8 mm in diameter). Real-time temperature monitoring allowed cells to be exposed reproducibly to a pre-determined thermal dose. An experimental planning tool that estimates the thermal dose distribution throughout the sample and allows spatial correlation with cell position has been developed. Treatment response was evaluated qualitatively using microscopy and cell viability testing. This experimental arrangement has significant potential for future, biologically relevant, in vitro focused ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Brüningk
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian Rivens
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Mouratidis
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Medical ultrasound technology is available, affordable, and non-invasive. It is used to detect, quantify, and heat tissue structures. This review article gives a concise overview of the types of behaviour that biological cells experience under the influence of ultrasound only, i.e., without the presence of microbubbles. The phenomena are discussed from a physics and engineering perspective. They include proliferation, translation, apoptosis, lysis, transient membrane permeation, and oscillation. The ultimate goal of cellular acoustics is the detection, quantification, manipulation and eradication of individual cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Dekiwadia C, Cortez-Jugo C, Yeo LY. Acoustically-mediated intracellular delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13165-13178. [PMID: 29964280 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in gene editing have necessitated practical ex vivo methods to rapidly and efficiently re-engineer patient-harvested cells. Many physical membrane-disruption or pore-forming techniques for intracellular delivery, however, result in poor cell viability, while most carrier-mediated techniques suffer from suboptimal endosomal escape and hence cytoplasmic or nuclear targeting. In this work, we show that short exposure of cells to high frequency (>10 MHz) acoustic excitation facilitates temporal reorganisation of the lipid structure in the cell membrane that enhances translocation of gold nanoparticles and therapeutic molecules into the cell within just ten minutes. Due to its transient nature, rapid cell self-healing is observed, leading to high cellular viabilities (>97%). Moreover, the internalised cargo appears to be uniformly distributed throughout the cytosol, circumventing the need for strategies to facilitate endosomal escape. In the case of siRNA delivery, the method is seen to enhance gene silencing by over twofold, demonstrating its potential for enhancing therapeutic delivery into cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Izadifar Z, Babyn P, Chapman D. Mechanical and Biological Effects of Ultrasound: A Review of Present Knowledge. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1085-1104. [PMID: 28342566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is widely used for medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes. An understanding of the bio-effects of sonography is important for clinicians and scientists working in the field because permanent damage to biological tissues can occur at high levels of exposure. Here the underlying principles of thermal mechanisms and the physical interactions of ultrasound with biological tissues are reviewed. Adverse health effects derived from cellular studies, animal studies and clinical reports are reviewed to provide insight into the in vitro and in vivo bio-effects of ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Paul Babyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dean Chapman
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang B, Zhou H, Cheng Q, Lei L, Hu B. Low-frequency low energy ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces distinct apoptosis of A7r5 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3282-8. [PMID: 25324182 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether low frequency low energy ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces apoptotic cell death of A7r5 rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, and to identify the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Ultrasonic waves (45 kHz with 0.3 Wcm2 of intensity for 0, 10, 20 and 30 sec) were used together with different dosages of SonoVue™ microbubbles (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 µl), respectively. The cell viability and apoptotic rate were determined by trypan blue staining immediately following treatment and flow cytometry 24 h thereafter. The treatment conditions resulting in the lowest amount of necrosis, highest apoptotic rate and lowest microbubble dosage was selected for the US+MB group, which was treated with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. The cell proliferation 24 h following treatment was determined and western blot analysis was applied to examine the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). The harmonic acoustic pressure amplitude was measured to obtain the cavitation intensity. The combination of 20 sec ultrasound irradiation and 14 µl SonoVue™ was selected as the treatment conditions for the US+MB group. The results demonstrated that both ultrasound alone (the US group) and in combination with microbubbles significantly inhibited the proliferation of A7r5 cells compared with that of the control (P<0.01), and the suppression in the US+MB group was significantly greater (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate in A7r5 cells induced by this combination treatment (16.62±0.93%) was significantly higher than that in the control (3.93±0.39%; P<0.01) and US (6.88±1.87%; P<0.01) groups. Treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles increased the expression of Bax and decreased the ratio of Bcl‑2/Bax compared with those in the control and US groups. The cavitation induced by ultrasound combined with microbubble treatment was more intense than that by ultrasound alone. The results demonstrated that the cell death and apoptosis of A7r5 cells were associated with ultrasound duration and microbubble dosage. Low frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles induced apoptosis in A7r5 cells through the upregulation of Bax and the downregulation of the Bcl‑2/Bax ratio, where the cavitation effect may have an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Echocardiography, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
So H, Lee K, Seo YH, Murthy N, Pisano AP. Hierarchical silicon nanospikes membrane for rapid and high-throughput mechanical cell lysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6993-6997. [PMID: 24805909 PMCID: PMC4039343 DOI: 10.1021/am501221b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This letter reports an efficient and compatible silicon membrane combining the physical properties of nanospikes and microchannel arrays for mechanical cell lysis. This hierarchical silicon nanospikes membrane was created to mechanically disrupt cells for a rapid process with high throughput, and it can be assembled with commercial syringe filter holders. The membrane was fabricated by photoelectrochemical overetching to form ultrasharp nanospikes in situ along the edges of the microchannel arrays. The intracellular protein and nucleic acid concentrations obtained using the proposed membrane within a short period of time were quantitatively higher than those obtained by routine, conventional acoustic and chemical lysis methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kunwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Young Ho Seo
- Department
of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, South Korea
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Albert P. Pisano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effective Cancer Cell Killing by Hydrophobic Nanovoid-Enhanced Cavitation under Safe Low-Energy Ultrasound. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:790-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Miller MW, Church CC, Labuda C, Mazza S, Raymond J. Biological and environmental factors affecting ultrasound-induced hemolysis in vitro: 5. Temperature. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2006; 32:893-904. [PMID: 16785011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.02.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This research project tested the hypothesis that cold-equilibrated (approximately 0 degrees C) human erythrocytes in vitro in the presence of an ultrasound contrast agent (Albunex) will undergo greater ultrasound-induced hemolysis than physiologically equilibrated (37 degrees C) human erythrocytes in vitro because of a temperature-related transition in membrane fluidity leading to increased fragility. First, it was shown that cold-equilibrated erythrocytes are more susceptible to mechanically induced hemolysis than physiologically equilibrated erythrocytes. Second, when adjustments were made for (1) temperature-dependent efficiencies of a 1-MHz transducer (200 micros pulse length, 20 ms interpulse interval, 30 s exposure duration) such that when cold or physiological temperatures were employed, there were equivalent acoustic outputs in terms of peak negative pressure (MPa P-) and (2) comparable viscosities of the 0 and 37 degrees C blood plasmas, the cold (approximately 0 degrees C) erythrocytes displayed substantially greater amounts of ultrasound-induced hemolysis than the physiological (37 degrees C) erythrocytes. The data supported the hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morton W Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regar E, Thury A, van der Giessen WJ, Sianos G, Vos J, Smits PC, Carlier SG, de Feyter P, Foley DP, Serruys PW. Sonotherapy, antirestenotic therapeutic ultrasound in coronary arteries: the first clinical experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 60:9-17. [PMID: 12929096 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the safety and feasibility of intracoronary sonotherapy (IST) and its effect on the coronary vessel at 6 months. Thirty-seven patients with stable or unstable angina were included (40 lesions). The indication was de novo lesion (n = 26), restenosis (n = 2), in-stent restenosis (n = 11), and a total occlusion of a venous bypass graft. After successful angioplasty, IST was performed using a 5 Fr catheter with three serial ultrasound transducers operating at 1 MHz. IST was successfully performed in 36 lesions (success rate, 90%). IST exposure time per lesion was 718 +/- 127 sec. During hospital stay, one patient died due to a bleeding complication. At 6-month follow-up, one patient experienced acute myocardial infarction, eight patients underwent repeat PTCA. No patient underwent CABG. Late lumen loss was 1.05 +/- 0.70 mm with a restenosis rate of 25%. IVUS analysis revealed a neointima burden of 25% +/- 11%. IST can be applied safely and with high acute procedural success. Sonotherapy-related major adverse events were not observed. Late lumen loss and neointimal growth were similar to conventional PTCA approaches. These results justify the initiation of randomized clinical efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Regar
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcentre, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lagneaux L, de Meulenaer EC, Delforge A, Dejeneffe M, Massy M, Moerman C, Hannecart B, Canivet Y, Lepeltier MF, Bron D. Ultrasonic low-energy treatment: a novel approach to induce apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Exp Hematol 2002; 30:1293-301. [PMID: 12423682 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of ultrasonic irradiation at low energy on the viability of normal and leukemic cells and the potential mechanisms of action inducing this cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human leukemia cell lines (K562, HL-60, KG1a, and Nalm-6), primary leukemic cells, and normal mononuclear cells are treated by ultrasound at a frequency of 1.8 MHz during various exposure times (acoustical power of 7 mW/mL) and immediately tested for cell viability by the trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis is evaluated by cell morphology, phosphatidylserine exposure, and DNA fragmentation. The mitochondrial potential, glutathione content, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and bcl-2/bax ratio are tested by flow cytometry. Cloning efficiency is evaluated by assays in methylcellulose. RESULTS The technique we describe here, using minute amounts of energy and in the absence of any chemical synergy, specifically triggers apoptosis in leukemic cells while necrosis is significantly reduced. Ultrasonic treatment of 20 seconds' duration induces a series of successive phases showing the characteristic features of apoptosis: mitochondrial transmembrane potential disturbances, loss of phosphatidylserine asymmetry, morphological changes, and, finally, DNA fragmentation. In contrast to K562 cells, for which a significant reduction of cloning efficiency is observed, the growth of hematopoietic progenitors is totally unaffected. Ultrasound treatment is also associated with depletion of cellular glutathione content, suggesting a link with the oxidative stress. Moreover, the fact that active oxygen scavengers reduce ultrasonic-induced apoptosis suggests a sonochemical mechanism. CONCLUSION The cell damage observed after exposure of leukemic cells to ultrasound is associated with the apoptotic process and may be a promising tool for a smooth, specific, and effective ex vivo purging of leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Expérimentale, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miller MW, Miller DL, Brayman AA. A review of in vitro bioeffects of inertial ultrasonic cavitation from a mechanistic perspective. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1996; 22:1131-54. [PMID: 9123638 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(96)00089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This selective review of the biological effects of ultrasound presents a synopsis of our current understanding of how cells insonated in vitro are affected by inertial cavitation from the standpoint of physical and chemical mechanisms. The focus of this review is on the physical and chemical mechanisms of action of inertial cavitation which appear to be effective in causing biological effects. There are several fundamental conditions which must be satisfied before cavitation-related bioeffects may arise. First, bubbles must be created and then brought into proximity to cells. Exposure methods are critical in this regard, and simple procedures such as rotation of a vessel containing the cells during exposure can drastically alter the results. Second, once association is achieved between bubbles and cells, the former must interact with the latter to produce a bioeffect. It is not certain that the inertial event is the prime mechanism by which cells are lysed; there is evidence that the turbulence associated with bubble translation may cause lysis. Additionally, there appear to be chemical and other physical mechanisms by which inertial cavitation may affect cells; these include the generation of biologically effective sonochemicals and the apparent emission of ultraviolet (UV) and soft X-rays. The evidence for inertial cavitation occurring within cells is critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Vita R, Calugi A, Cavallo D, Eleuteri P, Fioretti N, Forte D, Vizzone A. Cellular effects of image diagnostic ultrasound on murine spermatogenesis monitored by flow cytometry. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1994; 46:297-301. [PMID: 7894239 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A study has been carried out to evaluate the possible cellular effects induced by image diagnostic ultrasound on murine spermatogenetic cells. Exposure to ultrasound was carried out using a commercial diagnostic instrument that operates in B-mode. Male hybrid F1 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, were exposed to ultrasound for 30 min and observed from 7 to 35 days after treatment. Flow cytometric analysis has been used to monitor the relative frequency of the different types of spermatogenetic cells. This analytical approach showed changes in cell frequency in the compartment containing elongated spermatids which was used as an endpoint. A statistically significant decrease in the frequency of this cell type was observed 21, 28 and 35 days after exposure. These changes suggest that there may be a cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effect on spermatocytes and spermatogonia. These results showed that image diagnostic ultrasound induces effects on murine spermatogenesis at cellular level and that the flow cytometric approach makes it possible to identify quantitative cellular changes with reference to specific cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R de Vita
- Environmental Biomedicine Division, ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Vita R, Calugi A, Cavallo D, Fioretti N, Forte D, Vizzone A. Cellular effects of diagnostic Doppler ultrasound on murine spermatogenic cells monitored by flow cytometry. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1993; 45:75-80. [PMID: 8329872 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A study has been carried out to investigate the possible effects caused by Doppler diagnostic ultrasound on murine spermatogenesis. The frequency of the different types of cells has been analyzed using flow cytometry. Exposure to ultrasound was carried out using a commercial device used in diagnostic conditions. Male hybrid mice were exposed to ultrasound for 30 min and observed from 7 to 35 days after treatment. Flow cytometrical analysis showed changes in the relative frequency of the elongated spermatids and this was used as an end-point. A statistically significant decrease in the frequency of this cell type was observed after 7 and 35 days with both pulsed and continuous ultrasound. With the former, a decrease was also seen in this compartment after 14 and 21 days. Our results have shown that diagnostic ultrasound used in the Doppler technique induces effects on specific cell types of murine spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R De Vita
- Environmental Biomedicine Division, ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lejbkowicz F, Zwiran M, Salzberg S. The response of normal and malignant cells to ultrasound in vitro. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1993; 19:75-82. [PMID: 8456531 DOI: 10.1016/0301-5629(93)90020-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the viability of normal and tumor cell cultures derived from human and mouse origins was investigated. The cells were irradiated with a frequency of 2 MHz and intensity of 0.33 W/cm2, up to 4 min and immediately tested for cell viability using four different parameters: vital staining for the determination of the rate of cell growth; [3H]-thymidine and [3H]-leucine incorporation as an indication of the rate of DNA and protein synthesis respectively; and cloning efficiency as a measurement of the cell ability to multiply. Two human normal cell lines used in our studies, FS11 foreskin fibroblasts and Wish cells, were relatively resistant to ultrasonic irradiation effect although the growth rate of the latter was somewhat affected, particularly after 2 or 4 min of irradiation. However, cells derived from either malignant melanoma or breast carcinoma were highly sensitive to irradiation as demonstrated by a reduction of 96% and 65%, respectively, in cloning efficiency even after irradiation for 1 min. A third tumor cell line derived from lung carcinoma was more resistant. Two normal clones derived from NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used. These clones revealed some degree of sensitivity, particularly after 4 min of irradiation. However, their murine-sarcoma-virus transformed counterparts were found to be even more sensitive at identical times of ultrasonic irradiation, although the differences are not as striking as demonstrated with cells from human origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lejbkowicz
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harrison GH, Balcer-Kubiczek EK, Eddy HA. Potentiation of chemotherapy by low-level ultrasound. Int J Radiat Biol 1991; 59:1453-66. [PMID: 1677389 DOI: 10.1080/09553009114551301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have performed in vitro and in vivo tests to determine whether ultrasound (US) at levels lower than previously investigated by others could still potentiate chemotherapeutic cell killing. Positive results were obtained with adriamycin and diaziquone. Two types of low-level US were effective: tone-burst US (10% duty cycle, 1.765 MHz, ISATA = 0.25 W/cm2), and pulsed US (2.5 MHz centre frequency, 1 kHz repetition frequency, MPa-level pressure amplitudes), distributed uniformly over the biological target. These US beams were non-cytotoxic and produced negligible temperature elevation. Statistically significant US-induced increases in drug cytotoxicity were observed in CHO and MCF-7 WT but not V79 cells for 1-h drug exposures at several drug concentrations. The effects of combined drug and US treatments in vivo were studied by measuring post-treatment volume changes in uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma implanted in the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster. A statistically significant US-drug synergy in tumour volume reduction was observed with adriamycin and diaziquone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G H Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Experimentation in Vitro: Effects of Ultrasound on Cell Suspensions. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1811-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
23
|
Conger AD, Ziskin MC, Wittels H. Ultrasonic effects on mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 1981; 9:167-174. [PMID: 6793635 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS), grown in liquid culture medium, 0.23 to 0.32 mm in diameter and consisting of 4,500 to 12,100 cells, were exposed to three ultrasonic machines: a clinical diagnostic device with an emitted intensity of 13 mW/cm2, a therapeutic machine with emitted intensities of 1 to 3.5 W/cm2, and a laboratory emitting 12 to 50 W/cm2. (All intensities are temporal and spatial average.) Four measures of ultrasonic effect on MTS were made: decrease in diameter after treatment, damage to subsequent growth outright kill, and number of cells detached from the MTS. There was no loss in MTS size from diagnostic or therapeutic exposures. None of the exposures from any of the three machines caused any damage to subsequent growth or survival. There was no significant detachment of cells from the MTS by any of the diagnostic exposures (at 13 mW/cm2, out of 40 minutes). With the laboratory machine, a significant number of cells were detached, about 0.02% of the MTS (approximately one cell per MTS) per W/cm2 in a ten-minute exposure. Cells detached by therapeutic exposure increased linearly with exposure. On the average, 1 W/cm2 detaches about 0.5 cells per minute, per MTS, or about 0.006% of the cells in the MTS.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ciaravino V, Miller MW, Kaufman GE. The effect of 1 MHz ultrasound on the proliferation of synchronized Chinese hamster V-79 cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1981; 7:175-184. [PMID: 7256977 DOI: 10.1016/0301-5629(81)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
25
|
Leake ES, Wright MJ, Kremkau FW. Ultrasonic effects on alveolar macrophages in suspension. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 1980; 8:465-472. [PMID: 6777403 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit alveolar macrophages in suspension were exposed to 5 or 10 min of continuous 2-MHz ultrasound with 5, 10, and 15 W/cm2 spatial average intensities. Viability as determined by dye exclusion decreased with increasing intensity. Pressure experiments indicated that this was a result of acoustic cavitation. Ultrasound induced clumping of cells and often reduced membrane ruffling. Some cells were disintegrated. Cells that appeared to be otherwise intact had swollen mitochondria with ruptured cristae.
Collapse
|
26
|
Webster DF, Harvey W, Dyson M, Pond JB. The role of ultrasound-induced cavitation in the 'in vitro' stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. ULTRASONICS 1980; 18:33-37. [PMID: 7350723 DOI: 10.1016/0041-624x(80)90050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Collagen synthesis by human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro was estimated using a collagenase-sensitivity assay. Collagen synthesis was stimulated by irradiation with ultrasound at a frequency of 3 MHz, a space-time peak intensity of 0.5 Wcm-2, pulsed at a mark-space ratio of 2:8 ms for 5 min at ambient pressure. This stimulation was suppressed by the application of a positive pressure of 2 atmospheres during irradiation of the cells. Increasing the pressure in the absence of ultrasound had no effect on the rate of collagen synthesis in control cells. This stimulation, therefore, appears to be due to ultrasound-induced cavitation, since it is unlikely that increasing the pressure could modify any other ultrasonic parameter. Collagen synthesis is apparently stimulated to the same extent as general protein synthesis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fu YK, Miller MW, Lange CS, Griffiths TD, Kaufman GE. Ultrasound lethality to synchronous and asynchronous Chinese hamster V-79 cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 1980; 6:39-46. [PMID: 6989076 DOI: 10.1016/0301-5629(80)90062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|