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Hayes AW, Pressman P, Clemens R, Singer AW, Bauter MR. Evaluation of 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity of an aloe vera inner leaf gel beverage. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114726. [PMID: 38759713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite its popularity along with many proposed therapeutic applications, the safety profile of Aloe vera gel beverages remains unsettled. The putative toxicology concern has focused on the hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (HADs) found in the latex portion of the Aloe leaf. Despite harvesting and processing designed to eliminate or significantly reduce these compounds, certain HADs, such as aloin, may be present and have been associated with carcinogenicity in non-decolorized whole leaf extract containing approximately 6400 ppm aloin A and 71 ppm aloin-emodin. Sprague Dawley rats had free access to drinking water or a commercially and widely available Aloe vera gel beverage (Forever Living Products) prepared from the inner leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller containing 3.43 ppm total aloin for 90 days. Under the conditions of the study and based on the toxicological endpoints evaluated, there were no adverse test substance-related findings, including altered thyroid hormones. No histologic differences or histopathological changes were detected in the multiple tissues and organs examined. The Ki-67 proliferation assay demonstrated no increased cell proliferation in the liver, lungs, kidneys, or urinary bladder, which might have been attributed to the dietary administration of the Aloe vera gel beverage via drinking water for 90 days. These data lend increasing confidence regarding the safety of appropriately processed Aloe vera gel beverages, such as the beverage tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL and Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | | | - Roger Clemens
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark R Bauter
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, USA
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Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Arumugam M, Ramasamy T. Bioactive Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Extracts and Exploration of Secondary Metabolites Using GC-MS Profiling. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:729-773. [PMID: 37184725 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Miller (ABM) is a traditional medicinal plant all over the world. Numerous studies were conducted to exhibit its medicinal properties and most of them were concentrated on its metabolites against human pathogens. The current research work evaluates the attributes of different polar-based extracts (ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, hexane, and petroleum ether) of dried Aloe barbadensis leaf (ABL) to investigate its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS), phenolic, tannin, flavonoid contents, identification of bioactive compounds, and functional groups by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) respectively, and comparing antibacterial efficacy against human pathogens, aquatic bacterial pathogens, and zoonotic bacteria associated with fish and human. The present results showed that the methanolic extract of ABL showed higher antioxidant activity (DPPH-59.73 ± 2.01%; ABTS-74.1 ± 1.29%), total phenolic (10.660 ± 1.242 mg GAE/g), tannin (7.158 ± 0.668 mg TAE/g), and flavonoid content (49.545 ± 1.928 µg QE/g) than that of other solvent extracts. Non-polar solvents hexane and petroleum ether exhibited lesser activity among the extracts. In the case of antibacterial activity, higher inhibition zone was recorded in methanol extract of ABL (25.00 ± 0.70 mm) against Aeromonas salmonicida. Variations in antibacterial activity were observed depending on solvents and extracts. In the current study, polar solvents revealed higher antibacterial activity when compared to the non-polar and the mid-polar solvents. Diverse crucial bioactive compounds were detected in GC-MS analysis. The vital compounds were hexadecanoic acid (30.69%) and 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl (23.77%) which are responsible for higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Similar functional groups were identified in all the solvent extracts of ABL with slight variations in the FT-IR analysis. Polar-based solvent extraction influenced the elution of phytocompounds more than that of the other solvents used in this study. The obtained results suggested that the ABM could be an excellent source for antioxidant and antibacterial activities and can also serve as a potential source of effective bioactive compounds to combat human as well as aquatic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manikandan Arumugam
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Davis SC, Ortiz-Cano HG. Lessons from the history of Agave: ecological and cultural context for valuation of CAM. Ann Bot 2023; 132:819-833. [PMID: 37279950 PMCID: PMC10799984 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND SCOPE Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an intriguing physiological adaptation in plants that are widespread throughout many ecosystems. Despite the relatively recent mechanistic understanding of CAM in plant physiology, evidence from historical records suggests that ancient cultures in the Americas also recognized the value of CAM plants. Agave species, in particular, have a rich cultural legacy that provides a foundation for commercially valued products. Here, we review that legacy and potential relationships between ancient values and the needs of modern-day climate adaptation strategies. CONCLUSIONS There are many products that can be produced from Agave species, including food, sugar, fibre and medicines. Traditional knowledge about agricultural management and preparation of plant products can be combined with new ecophysiological knowledge and agronomic techniques to develop these resources in the borderland region of the southwestern USA and Mexico. Historical records of pre-Columbian practices in the Sonoran desert and remnants of centuries-old agriculture in Baja California and Sonora demonstrate the climate resilience of Agave agriculture. Commercial growth of both tequila and bacanora indicates the potential for large-scale production today, but also underscores the importance of adopting regenerative agricultural practices to accomplish environmentally sustainable production. Recent international recognition of the Appellation of Origin for several Agave species produced for spirits in Mexico might provide opportunities for agricultural diversification. In contrast, fibre is currently produced from several Agave species on many continents. Projections of growth with future climate change suggest that Agave spp. will be viable alternatives for commodity crops that suffer declines during drought and increased temperatures. Historical cultivation of Agave affirms that these CAM plants can supply sugar, soft and hard fibres, medicines and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Service, Ohio University, Building 22 The Ridges, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Kaul S, Ahmed S, Nandini VV, Lathief J, Boruah S. Evaluation of Physical Properties of Denture Base Resins Containing Silver Nanoparticles of Aloe barbadensis Miller, Morinda citrifolia, and Boesenbergia rotunda and Its Anti-microbial Effect: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48260. [PMID: 38054116 PMCID: PMC10695085 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The denture bases fabricated from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have some disadvantages, such as surface prone to microbial growth and biofilm accumulation, which contributes to the onset and dissemination of infections among denture wearers. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the flexural strength, hardness, and antimicrobial effect of denture base resin incorporated with 0.05% and 0.1% silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Aloe barbadensis miller (aloe vera), Morinda citrifolia (noni), and Boesenbergia rotunda (finger root). Materials and methods A total of 84 PMMA samples were used and were divided into three groups. Flexural strength tests were performed on Group 1 PMMA blocks. Group 2 involved hardness testing of PMMA blocks, whereas Group 3 involved antimicrobial activity. Each group was subsequently split into seven subgroups with differing concentrations of AgNPs: Sub Group 1: control (no AgNPs), Sub Group 2: 0.05% aloe vera AgNPs, Sub Group 3: 0.1% aloe vera AgNPs, Sub Group 4: 0.05% noni AgNPs, Sub Group 5: 0.1% of noni AgNPs, Sub Group 6: 0.05% finger root AgNPs, and Sub Group 7: 0.1% finger root AgNPs. The flexural strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine (Instron 8801). Surface hardness was measured using a Vickers tester (Tukon 1102). For the antimicrobial activity analysis, the samples were incubated in a suitable culture broth containing Candida albicans for 24 hours. Microbial colony count (colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL) was estimated to evaluate the microbial adhesion to the surface of the denture base materials. Statistical analysis The flexural strength, hardness, and CFU between the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons with Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=0.05). The level of statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Results It was observed that the mean flexural strength was maximum in PMMA incorporated with 0.05% of aloe vera AgNPs and least in PMMA incorporated with 0.1% noni AgNPs. It was seen that a steady loss in flexural strength is observed from 0.05% to 0.1%. The mean hardness was maximum in PMMA incorporated with 0.1% of noni AgNPs and least in PMMA incorporated with 0.05% aloe vera AgNPs. It was also found that the hardness was directly proportional to the number of nanoparticles. With an increase in the weight percentage of nanoparticles, a steady increase in hardness was seen in all the test groups. In our study, the results showed that finger root 0.1% showed the least CFU with a significant reduction of C. albicans adherence; therefore, it indicates higher anti-fungal activity. Aloe vera 0.05% showed the lowest inhibition of C. albicans, suggesting the least anti-fungal activity. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, It can thus be concluded that the addition of AgNPs incorporated with plant extracts of Aloe barbadensis miller (aloe vera), Morinda citrifolia (noni), and Boesenbergia rotunda (finger root) can alter the flexural strength, hardness, and microbial adhesion of PMMA. In our study, it can be concluded that flexural strength increases with the addition of AgNPs of 0.5% concentration after which a steady loss is seen. However, the hardness and antimicrobial activity increased with an increase in the concentration of AgNPs in all three plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saguna Kaul
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Shafath Ahmed
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Vidyashree V Nandini
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Jailance Lathief
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Shiney Boruah
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
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Nasr A, Yosuf I, Turki Z, Abozeid A. LC-MS metabolomics profiling of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and S. lanigera Poir. with the antimicrobial properties of their extracts. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:340. [PMID: 37365525 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) found in almost all countries in temperate and tropical regions. Both S. aegyptiaca L. and S. lanigera Poir. have a rather wide distribution in Egypt (Mediterranean region, Gebel Elba and nearly the whole Sinai). Salvia species showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against several groups of food microorganisms and pathogens, so they are considered as a natural foods preservatives. AIM Investigate the phytochemical profiles of S. aegyptiaca & S. lanigera collected from their natural habitats in Egypt and test the antimicrobial activities of both species against some bacteria and fungi pathogenic strains. METHODOLOGY In the present study, S. aegyptiaca and S. lanigera were collected from their natural habitat. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were measured for aerial parts of both Salvia spp.. The separation and identification of the pure active materials of both Salvia sp. by using LC-MS system (UHPLC-TSQ Quantum Mass Spectrometer). The antimicrobial activities of the ethanol, water and benzene extracts of the two species were tested against different pathogenic strains and compared with the standard antimicrobial drug (Gentamycin). Antimicrobial activity was determined by using agar disk diffusion method. RESULTS The phenolics content in S. lanigera 132.61±6.23 mg/g and S. aegyptiaca 125.19±4.97 mg/g, while the flavonoids content was 35.68±1.84 and 40.63±2.11 mg/g, respectively. Through LC-MS analysis, two compounds were detected in both species; heptadecanoyl coenzyme A, that the highest percentage (13.5%) in S. aegyptiaca and (11.5 %) in S. lanigera. Oenin, in a peak area of 3.1% in S. aegyptiaca and 1.2 % in S. lanigera. Ethanol extract of the two species had the most inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms that exceeded the effect of the standard, except for Mucor reinelloids which was more sensitive to the water extract. Moreover, S. lanigera ethanol extract showed larger inhibition zone than S. aegyptiaca in all tested microorganisms except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION This study shows the important phytochemicals that improve the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Salvia aegyptiaca and S. lanigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Nasr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Israa Yosuf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Zaki Turki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom, 32511, Egypt.
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Kim ST, Pressman P, Clemens R, Moore A, Hamilton R, Hayes AW. The absence of genotoxicity of Aloe vera beverages: A review of the literature. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113628. [PMID: 36702364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aloe has a long history of topical and systemic use with testimonials of countless health benefits and is one of the most popular botanical medicines in the world for the management of a wide variety both of benign and serious ailments including irritable bowel syndromes, osteoarthritis, Type II diabetes mellitus, and viral respiratory illness. The human consumption of Aloe vera extract in beverage form has substantially grown over the last several decades, in no small part, due to the increased consumer interest in alternative approaches to health benefits. The principal aim of the present paper is to characterize the research to date that has explored the genotoxic potential of Aloe vera inner leaf gel extract and decolorized whole leaf extract used in commercially available food-grade drinkable products which contain no more than 10 ppm aloin. Despite prevailing public health opinion, especially in Europe, the consensus of the reviewed studies retrieved from the peer-reviewed literature together with a mutagenic evaluation of an Aloe vera whole leaf decolorized spray-dried powder is that these products are not genotoxic.
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Kenawy ES, Kamoun EA, Ghaly ZS, Shokr AM, El-meligy MA, Mahmoud YA. Novel Physically Cross-Linked Curcumin-Loaded PVA/Aloe vera Hydrogel Membranes for Acceleration of Topical Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments. Arab J Sci Eng. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims to prepare novel cross-linked antimicrobial membranes composed of PVA-Aloe vera hydrogels using novel physically cross-linked method via transforming PVA to high crystalline structure using propanol. Curcumin was incorporated to improve the membrane biological properties; while gentamycin improved sharply antimicrobial properties. PVA-Aloe vera hydrogel membranes were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA measurements for characterizing resultant cross-linked membranes. Physicochemical measurements, e.g., swelling and mechanical stability were assessed for further studying the dressings. Antibacterial activity of cross-linked PVA-Aloe vera-curcumin membranes was tested using five bacterial strains. Results showed that high Aloe vera content in cross-linked membranes has insignificant impact on the release of gentamicin. Adult Wister Albino rats were used to test membrane’s ability for improving the wound healing rate in vivo. In vivo findings showed that PVA/Aloe vera/curcumin membranes dramatically reduced the size of mouse full-thickness wounds, as indicated by a decrease in the wound size. Furthermore, histological tests of wounds dressed with membranes revealed a significant re-epithelialization; compared to wounds treated with cotton gauze and PVA/Aloe vera dressings without curcumin, showing curcumin’s efficacy. These results refer to PVA-Aloe vera-curcumin membrane has exceptional wound healing and skin regeneration capacity.
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Rani N, Singla RK, Narwal S, Tanushree, Kumar N, Rahman MM. Medicinal Plants Used as an Alternative to Treat Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:2327641. [PMID: 37941972 PMCID: PMC10630018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2327641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For various ailments, natural remedies have been traditionally used. To defend against common disorders, medicinal plants are progressively used as nutritional supplements. Gingivitis and periodontitis are widespread and can affect most of the world's population. Gingivitis is a very common, nondestructive inflammatory disease of gums that causes redness and irritation of the gingiva (gums), but periodontitis causes permanent damage to teeth' subsidiary structures. Herbal medicines are getting popular for the treatment of such types of disorders due to being economical with their medicinal effectiveness, compatibility, and nontoxicity. Traditional chemical therapies can cause cell toxicity along with their disease-curing effects. In this article, we discussed the medicinal plants that can be used as an alternative for the treatment of gingivitis (early-stage gum disease) and periodontitis (chronic-stage gum disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Narwal
- Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pattikaliyana, Panipat, HR, India
| | - Tanushree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), commonly known as Ghritkumari/Gwarpatha, is a member of the Liliaceae family, used in the traditional medicine system for ages. Aloe vera has made its importance as a therapeutic agent, acting as a cure for various diseases such as skin problems, lungs, and heart disorders, diabetes, ulcers, various microbial infections, and asthma. Despite its tremendous health benefits, the dark side of the plant is a reason of concern as there are several active compounds present in the plant, raising questions on its safe oral consumption and application. METHODS AND RESULTS The literature review was compiled from information resourced from various national and international journals available at Google Scholar and curated with Mendeley. The data mining was carried out during the period of January to May 2021. This study explored and summarized the dark side of Aloe vera, subjected to various secondary metabolites present in it. Aloin, the most active compound of Aloe vera, is a type of anthraquinone metabolized by human gut microflora, resulting in the formation of aloe-emodin anthraquinone, later being associated with several harmful effects such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and purgative. Besides this, several alkaloids and polysaccharides present in the plant are reported to cause hepatotoxicity and male infertility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The harmful effects of the plants are not adequately discovered yet; hence there is a need to come up with some mechanism to understand and suppress the formation of such toxic compounds completely. This review examined the botany, active compounds, and adverse clinical effects in the range of metabolites associated with this herb - "Aloe vera".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jangra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Sihag
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Sun J, Mu J, Wang S, Jia C, Li D, Hua H, Cao H. Design and synthesis of chromone-nitrogen mustard derivatives and evaluation of anti-breast cancer activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:431-444. [PMID: 34957906 PMCID: PMC8725944 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2018685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromone has emerged as one of the most important synthetic scaffolds for antitumor activity, which promotes the development of candidate drugs with better activity. In this study, a series of nitrogen mustard derivatives of chromone were designed and synthesised, in order to discover promising anti-breast tumour candidates. Almost all target derivatives showed antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. In particular, methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-(5-(((6-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methyl)amino)-5-oxopentanamido)propanoate showed the most potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.83 and 1.90 μM, respectively, and it also exhibited certain selectivity between tumour cells and normal cells. Further mechanism exploration against MDA-MB-231 cells showed that it possibly induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by generating intracellular ROS and activating DNA damage. In addition, it also inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells metastasis, invasion and adhesion. Overall, methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-(5-(((6-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methyl)amino)-5-oxopentanamido)propanoate showed potent antitumor activities and relatively low side effects, and deserved further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiahui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Cai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.,School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Saad F, Mohamed AL, Mosaad M, Othman HA, Hassabo AG. Enhancing the rheological properties of aloe vera polysaccharide gel for use as an eco-friendly thickening agent in textile printing paste. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2021; 2:100132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhong H, Li X, Zhang W, Shen X, Lu Y, Li H. Efficacy of a New Non-drug Acne Therapy: Aloe Vera Gel Combined With Ultrasound and Soft Mask for the Treatment of Mild to Severe Facial Acne. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:662640. [PMID: 34095172 PMCID: PMC8175793 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.662640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne is a chronic disorder that affects almost 80% of adolescents and young adults, causing psychological and emotional distress. However, the current treatments for acne are either ineffective or have many side effects. This study was designed to confirm and objectively quantify the effect of a new non-drug combined therapy on acne. Methods: This study innovatively utilized ultrasound, which enhanced the absorption of aloe vera gel, and soft mask to make a purely physical method without any drugs. In both the treatment group and control group, the number of papules/pustules and the area of hyperpigmented lesions were counted, and a smart mirror intelligent face system was used before and after the combined therapy. Alterations in the skin functional index were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: In the treatment group, the combined therapy significantly reduced the number of papules and the area of hyperpigmented lesions and improved skin roughness and local blood circulation. In the control group, there was no obvious improvement over 2 months. Conclusion: This study suggests that the new non-drug combined therapy significantly improved acne, which provided experimental evidence and treatment guidance for patients with mild to severe acne, especially patients with moderate acne. This new therapy may possibly be an appropriate method for patients who seek topical treatments with mild side effects and low antibiotic resistance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuangang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bendjedid S, Lekmine S, Tadjine A, Djelloul R, Bensouici C. Analysis of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant, photoprotective activities and cytotoxic effect of leaves extracts and fractions of Aloe vera. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jenepha Mary SJ, Pradhan S, James C. Molecular structure, NBO analysis of the hydrogen-bonded interactions, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), drug likeness and molecular docking of the novel anti COVID-2 molecule (2E)-N-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide (Dimer) - quantum chemical approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 251:119388. [PMID: 33503560 PMCID: PMC7834302 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Prospective antiviral molecule (2E)-N-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide has been probed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), FT-Raman and quantum chemical computations. The geometry equilibrium and natural bond orbital analysis have been carried out with density functional theory employing Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr method with the 6-311G++(d,p) basis set. The vibrational assignments pertaining to different modes of vibrations have been augmented by normal coordinate analysis, force constant and potential energy distributions. Drug likeness and oral activity have been carried out based on Lipinski's rule of five. The inhibiting potency of 2(2E)-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide has been investigated by docking simulation against SARS-CoV-2 protein. The optimized geometry shows a planar structure between the chromone and the side chain. Differences in the geometries due to the substitution of the electronegative atom and intermolecular contacts due to the chromone and hydrazinecarbothioamide were analyzed. NBO analysis confirms the presence of two strong stable hydrogen bonded NH⋯O intermolecular interactions and two weak hydrogen bonded CH⋯O interactions. The red shift in NH stretching frequency exposed from IR substantiates the formation of NH⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond and the blue shift in CH stretching frequency substantiates the formation of CH⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond. Drug likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity property gives an idea about the pharmacokinetic properties of the title molecule. The binding energy of the nonbonding interaction with Histidine 41 and Cysteine 145, present a clear view that 2(2E)-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide can irreversibly interact with SARS-CoV-2 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Jenepha Mary
- Department of Physics and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629003, Tamil Nadu, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, India
| | - Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - C James
- Department of Physics and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil 629003, Tamil Nadu, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
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Khanal M, Lamichhane S, Bhattarai A, Kayastha BL, Labh SN. Extract of Aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis Miller) Enhances the Growth, Protein Contents, and Gastrosomatic Index (GaSI) of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:8029413. [PMID: 33747562 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8029413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing agribusiness, and large-scale microbial infection frequently leads to considerable economic losses, as there are very few approved drugs available to counteract such a problem. Aloe vera is a natural therapeutic plant with biological activities, for example, antimicrobial, anticancer, mitigating, and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, an experiment was conducted to understand the effects of dietary Aloe vera on survival, growth performance, protein utilization, gastrosomatic index, and gut histomorphological studies in common carp in laboratory conditions. Aloe vera leaves were collected, washed, shade-dried, and homogenized to get a filtrate, which was extracted in ethanol (70%) using the Soxhlet apparatus. The carp with an average weight of 1.73 ± 0.14 g was divided randomly into 5 treatments (control and other 4 treated groups) with the extract of 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% in the diet with 3 replicates and the stocking density was 25 fish per each replicate. Sampling was done on the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, and the results show that percent weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion efficiency were significantly high in the treated diet compared to the control (0.0%). Gastrosomatic index, condition factors, and gut histology found better performance in common carp group fed 0.4% and 0.8% of Aloe vera after 90 days. In conclusion, it was found that Aloe vera extract between the amount of 0.4% and 0.8% is better for fish growth for common carp.
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Hasan MU, Riaz R, Malik AU, Khan AS, Anwar R, Rehman RNU, Ali S. Potential of Aloe vera gel coating for storage life extension and quality conservation of fruits and vegetables: An overview. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13640. [PMID: 33533511 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera (ALV) with its unique nutritional profile is being used for food, health, and nutraceutical industries globally. Due to its organic nature, ALV gel coating has created lot of interest for exploring its potential in extending the shelf and storage life of fresh produce. ALV gel coating plays imperative role in delaying fruit ripening by lowering ethylene biosynthesis, respiration rate, and internal metabolic activities associated with fruit softening, color development, enzymatic browning, and decay. ALV gel coating reduces the microbial spoilage due to its antifungal properties and maintains visual appearance, firmness, sugar: acid ratio, total antioxidants, and phenolic contents with conserved eating quality. ALV coated fruits and vegetables showed reduced weight loss, superoxide ion ( O 2 - ∙ ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), ion leakage, and soluble solids content and exhibited higher acidity, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. It also delayed the enzymatic browning by inducing peroxidase (POD) activity during storage. Recent local studies also revealed that ALV gel coating markedly conserved higher consuming quality and extended storage period (>1.34-fold) of different fruits and vegetables. Overall, Aloe vera gel coating alone or in combination with other organic compounds has shown great potential as a food-safe and eco-friendly coating for maintaining the quality of fruits and vegetables over extended period and reducing postharvest losses in the supply chain. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: ALV gel is a plant-based natural coating of eco-friendly nature. The present review summarizes the updated information of ALV gel coating application, methods of extraction, combinations with other postharvest coatings, and its impact on quality of various fruits and vegetables. It also provides future insights for the development of commercially applicable ALV gel coating protocols through simulation studies. So, being a natural coating, ALV gel has tremendous potential to be used in fruit and vegetable industries around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ul Hasan
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Riaz
- CAB International (Central and West Asia), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah Malik
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Anwar
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Naveed Ur Rehman
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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18
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Kupnik K, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Antimicrobial Efficiency of Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis Natural and Commercial Products. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10010092. [PMID: 33466284 PMCID: PMC7824730 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are many commercial products from natural resources on the market, but they still have many additives to increase their biological activities. On the other hand, there is particular interest in natural sources that would have antimicrobial properties themselves and would inhibit the growth and the reproduction of opportunistic microorganisms. Therefore, a comparative antimicrobial study of natural samples of aloe and its commercial products was performed. Qualitative and quantitative determination of antimicrobial efficiency of Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis and its commercial products on fungi, Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacteria was performed. Samples exhibited antimicrobial activity and slowed down the growth of all tested microorganisms. Research has shown that natural juices and gels of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis are at higher added concentrations comparable to commercial aloe products, especially against microbial cultures of Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whose growths were completely inhibited at a microbial concentration of 600 μg/mL. Of particular importance are the findings of the good antimicrobial efficacy of fresh juice and gel of A. arborescens on tested microorganisms, which is less known and less researched. These results show great potential of A. arborescens for further use in medicine, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kupnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-2294-462
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Chauhan P, Kumar A. Development of a microbial coating for cellulosic surface using aloe vera and silane. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2020; 1:100015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has created a havoc effect all over the world in a very short period. The most effective method for precaution of this virus as suggested by WHO is use of PPEs (triple layered face mask, body suits) and social distancing. However, the frontline doctors and medical staff have high risk of exposure to the virus during treatments and removal and discarding of the PPEs. Also the PPEs are of the onetime use and wearing these PPEs in hot and humid seasons is very uncomfortable. A possible solution of this problem is if clothes are anti-bacterial and anti-viral in nature, one single-layered will be sufficient and the spread of virus will also be minimized. Considering this, we have designed a facile and durable anti-wash antimicrobial coating on cloth by aloe vera and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). In lab scale study, present coating shows good chemical and thermal stability making it reusable multiple times even after repeated washing. The coated cloth reveals the excellent anti-dirt and stain resistance properties leading to complete non-adherence of dirt and stain (e.g. Color, food, ink) on it. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the coated cloth were confirmed by doing E. coli (bacteria) and A. Niger (fungus) culture studies, respectively. This coating is imbibed with well-known anti-viral agent aloe vera which inhibits the attachment of the virus on the surface. The water-repellent nature of the coating combined with the use anti-viral agent, aloe vera makes it a potential anti-COVID-19 coating.
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Gupta A, Pandey S, Yadav JS. A Review on Recent Trends in Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for Tuberculosis. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:10-27. [PMID: 33747849 PMCID: PMC7961233 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease that has affected mankind. The anti-TB treatment has been used from ancient times to control symptoms of this disease but these medications produced some serious side effects. Herbal products have been successfully used for the treatment of TB. Gold is the most biocompatible metal among all available for biomedical purposes so Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have sought attention as an attractive biosynthesized drug to be studied in recent years for bioscience research. GNPs are used as better catalysts and due to unique small size, physical resemblance to physiological molecules, biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity extensively used for various applications including drug and gene delivery. Greenly synthesized GNPs have much more potential in different fields because phytoconstituents used in GNP synthesis itself act as reducing and capping agents and produced more stabilized GNPs. This review is devoted to a discussion on GNPs synthesis with herbs for TB. The main focus is on the role of the natural plant bio-molecules involved in the bioreduction of metal salts during the GNPs synthesis with phytoconstituents used as antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Gupta
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidhya Nagar, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia Pandey
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal Vidhya Nagar, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
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Sánchez JT, García AV, Martínez-Abad A, Vilaplana F, Jiménez A, Garrigós MC. Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Active Fish Gelatin-Based Edible Films Added with Aloe Vera Gel. Foods 2020; 9:E1248. [PMID: 32906678 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible films based on the addition of Aloe Vera gel (AV) into fish gelatin (FG) with antimicrobial and functional properties for food packaging applications were proposed in this work. AV showed an amphiphilic nature by infrared spectroscopy, high total phenolics content (TPC), antioxidant activity and thermal stability with an initial degradation temperature of 174 ± 2 °C. Mannose and glucose were quantified as main monosaccharides whereas the linkage composition study confirmed the presence of acemannan as main active polysaccharide. Three different formulations were obtained by the casting technique and the addition of AV contents of 0, 1 and 4 wt.% to FG, showing films with 4 wt.% of AV the best performance. The addition of AV did not significantly affect mechanical and barrier properties to oxygen and water vapour. However, some structural changes were observed by infrared spectroscopy and the obtained glass transition temperature values due to intermolecular interactions that increased the hydrophilicity and solubility of the resulting FG/AV films. A higher thermal stability was observed in films with AV content increasing the initial degradation and oxidation onset temperatures. An antimicrobial activity against S. aureus was also observed for FG/AV films. The addition of AV into FG could be proposed as a potential effective material to increase the postharvest quality of packed fruits and vegetables by retarding the microbial growth and extending the shelf-life of these food products.
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Akkol EK, Karpuz B, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Khan H. A phytopharmacological overview of medicinal plants used for prophylactic and treatment of colitis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111628. [PMID: 32738379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic diseases that develop on the genetic background. They are characterized by an idiopathic, chronic course and periods of activation and remission. However, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Significant improvements in treatment strategies have been witnessed. Depending on the severity of the disease, mesalamine, immunosuppressants, anti-TNF, anti-integrin, Janus kinase inhibitors, and thiopurines can be used for treatment. However, these treatments have side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite, hair loss, gas, vomiting, rash, fever, and decreased white blood cell count. The search for treatment that may be a safer alternative, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive therapy has gained importance nowadays. Herbal medicine is preferred to treat a wide range of acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Preclinical and clinical studies show that plants are promising in terms of their use in treating pathological conditions. The effectiveness of plants in treating ulcerative colitis has been determined. However, more studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these herbal medicines. The present review presents information on medicinal plants and phytochemicals reported for use or potential of application in ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Karpuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507, Santiago, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera Linne) products have long been employed in health foods and for medical purposes. It has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant properties, which indicates excellent potential in antiaging cosmetic and skin protection products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antiaging efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations containing A. barbadensis extract on young and mature skin using biophysical and skin imaging techniques. Twenty healthy adult volunteers participated in the study, aged between 20 and 65. The cream formulation, with 10% (w/w) of A. barbadensis extract, and placebo, were applied to the face of the volunteers. The effects were evaluated in terms of skin hydration and barrier effect by the measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), derma firmness, and elasticity. The formulation containing A. barbadensis extract significantly improves water contained in the stratum corneum, firmness, elasticity of the skin, and decreased TEWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - RM Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Bernardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Sacchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Ro HS, Jang HJ, Kim GR, Park SJ, Lee HY. Enhancement of the Anti-Skin Wrinkling Effects of Aloe arborescens Miller Extracts Associated with Lactic Acid Fermentation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:2743594. [PMID: 32565850 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2743594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This work clearly shows that Aloe arborescens but not gels from Aloe vera, a common juice-type product of Aloe, exerted anti-skin wrinkling effects, and these effects were greatly enhanced by lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. Treatment with the extract from the fermentation process (FE) at a dose of 0.5% highly activated human fibroblast cells by up to 175%, whereas 140% activation and 105% activation were observed with the extract obtained using conventional water extraction (WE) and the gel from A. vera (GE), respectively. The treatment of human fibroblasts with FE at a dose of 0.5% increased collagen production by up to 170% and inhibited MMP-1 synthesis to 48%, which is likely due to its high antioxidant activity because the WE and GE showed markedly lower effects compared with those of the FE. Interestingly, the FE exhibited a profile dominated by relatively low-molecular-weight (MW) polysaccharides: 20% of the total polysaccharides in the FE were in the MW weight range of 600 to 900, whereas 95% of the total polysaccharides in the GE were in the MW range of 200,000 to 300,000. This result suggests that the larger polysaccharide molecules in the extract might be broken down during lactic acid fermentation, and the easy penetration of the small molecules in the extract into fibroblast cells thus results in improved anti-skin wrinkling effects. This conclusion is also supported by the finding that the FE and WE, but not the GE, contained similar amounts of barbaloin, a strong antioxidant eluted from A. arborescens through the fermentation process. Therefore, this study strongly indicates that the enhanced anti-skin wrinkling effects of the FE are most likely due to synergistic effects between the barbaloin and the low-MW polysaccharides retained after the fermentation process.
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Sheth U, Dande P. Pityriasis capitis: Causes, pathophysiology, current modalities, and future approach. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:35-47. [PMID: 32416039 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis capitis commonly known as dandruff is one of the most common and widely seen dermatological disease that affects majority of the world population. It is more than superficial flaking, as it leads to significant structural changes in the stratum corneum and inflammatory biomarkers. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as Malassezia yeast, host epidermal conditions, sebaceous secretion, and abnormal immune responses, are found to contribute to the pathogenesis. Regardless of wide research, detail understanding, and treatment modalities, it still remains to be a cause of concern due to its recurring nature. AIMS The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of its wide causes, pathophysiology, current treatment, and future approach. METHODS The article also aims at evaluating various promising anti-dandruff agents that can be further researched to become the leads in anti-dandruff therapy. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The article summarizes the current knowledge on dandruff and present new facts and evidences in order to spread awareness, create potential for new herbal treatment options, and effectively control the most commercially exploited scalp disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Sheth
- SVKM's NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, Shirpur, India
| | - Payal Dande
- SVKM's NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, Shirpur, India
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Mezzetti M, Minuti A, Bionaz M, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E. Effects of Aloe arborescens Whole Plant Homogenate on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammatory Conditions and Liver Function of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050917. [PMID: 32466290 PMCID: PMC7278487 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study highlights the positive effect of an Aloe arborescens Mill. whole plant homogenate on the liver and renal function of dairy cows during the peripartum period. Such positive effects could depend on both anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of Aloe that could have mitigated hepatic stresses that typically occur in early lactation. Our findings suggest Aloe arborescens supplementation to be an effective strategy to ameliorate adverse metabolic conditions in transition cows, indicating it as a preventive nutraceutical strategy against metabolic disorders. Abstract The anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects exerted by Aloe on monogastric mammals suggest it as a potential strategy to address the tremendous metabolic alterations that affect dairy cows during their transition to calving. A group of 20 multiparous Italian Holstein dairy cows were housed in freestalls and allocated into two homogeneous groups to receive either 200 g/d of water (CTR) or 200 g/day of Aloe arborescens Mill. whole plant homogenate through a rumen tube (AAM) between −14 and 14 days from calving (DFC). From −14 to 35 DFC, the BCS, and milk yield were measured, and blood samples were collected to assess the hematochemical profile. Data underwent ANOVA testing using a mixed model for repeated measurements, including the treatment and time and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a less pronounced BCS loss in early lactation (p < 0.01), indicating less mobilization of body reserves. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.01 and = 0.01 respectively) that, paired with the lower butterfat content and fat/protein ratio in their milk (p = 0.03 and < 0.01 respectively), indicates that Aloe reduced the mobilization of body fats. AAM cows had a reduced concentration of myeloperoxidase in plasma and a lower SCC in milk compared to CTR cows (p = 0.02 for both), indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe. Furthermore, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of ceruloplasmin (p < 0.05) and higher plasma concentration of cholesterol, retinol, and paraoxonase compared to CTR cows (p < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively), indicating Aloe was effective in mitigating the acute phase response in early lactation. Finally, AAM cows had lower plasma creatinine concentrations around calving (p < 0.05), a lower concentration of plasma bilirubin, and a higher concentration of plasma tocopherol compared to CTR cows (p = 0.01 for both). These data suggest Aloe has anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects on transition dairy cows that could have ameliorated liver and kidney function disruption and increased the availability of body antioxidants in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (F.P.-C.)
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (F.P.-C.)
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (F.P.-C.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (A.M.); (F.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599278; Fax: +39-0523-599276
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Svitina H, Swanepoel R, Rossouw J, Netshimbupfe H, Gouws C, Hamman J. Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2208-2240. [PMID: 31269881 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ and functions as a barrier to protect the underlying tissues against the elements and pathogens, while also fulfilling many physiological roles and biochemical functions such as preventing excessive water loss. Skin disorders vary greatly in terms of origin, severity, symptoms and affect persons of all ages. Many plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times including the treatment of skin disorders and diseases. Aloe represents one of the earliest medicinal plant species mentioned in antique scriptures and even in rock art dating back thousands of years. Different Aloe species and materials have been used in the prevention and treatment of skin related disorders. Aloe vera is the most commonly used Aloe species for medicinal purposes. Some of the most prominent skin related applications and disorders that Aloe materials have been investigated for are discussed in this paper, which include cosmetic, radiation, cancer, wound and antimicrobial applications. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are included in the discussions of this paper and comprehensive summaries of all these studies are given in tables in each section. Although some contradictory results were obtained among studies, certain Aloe materials have shown excellent efficacy and exhibited potential for the treatment of skin related disorders and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Happiness Netshimbupfe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Chen C, Cao T, Li Y, Hu Y, Yang H, Yin S. Synthesized Derivatives of Aloe-Emodin as Proliferation Inhibitors for Human Breast Adenocarcinoma, Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma, and Human Cervix Carcinoma. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-02937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li Q, Zhuang C, Wang D, Zhang W, Jia R, Sun F, Zhang Y, Du Y. Construction of trisubstituted chromone skeletons carrying electron-withdrawing groups via PhIO-mediated dehydrogenation and its application to the synthesis of frutinone A. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 15:2958-2965. [PMID: 31921367 PMCID: PMC6941426 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of the biologically interesting chromone skeleton was realized by PhIO-mediated dehydrogenation of chromanones under mild conditions. Interestingly, this method also found application in the synthesis of the naturally occurring frutinone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Zhuang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongxuan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology; Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Davis SC, Simpson J, Gil-Vega KDC, Niechayev NA, van Tongerlo E, Castano NH, Dever LV, Búrquez A. Undervalued potential of crassulacean acid metabolism for current and future agricultural production. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:6521-6537. [PMID: 31087091 PMCID: PMC6883259 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential for crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to support resilient crops that meet demands for food, fiber, fuel, and pharmaceutical products far exceeds current production levels. This review provides background on five families of plants that express CAM, including examples of many species within these families that have potential agricultural uses. We summarize traditional uses, current developments, management practices, environmental tolerance ranges, and economic values of CAM species with potential commercial applications. The primary benefit of CAM in agriculture is high water use efficiency that allows for reliable crop yields even in drought conditions. Agave species, for example, grow in arid conditions and have been exploited for agricultural products in North and South America for centuries. Yet, there has been very little investment in agricultural improvement for most useful Agave varieties. Other CAM species that are already traded globally include Ananas comosus (pineapple), Aloe spp., Vanilla spp., and Opuntia spp., but there are far more with agronomic uses that are less well known and not yet developed commercially. Recent advances in technology and genomic resources provide tools to understand and realize the tremendous potential for using CAM crops to produce climate-resilient agricultural commodities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Nicholas A Niechayev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Evelien van Tongerlo
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louisa V Dever
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alberto Búrquez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Du Y, Qian B, Gao L, Tan P, Chen H, Wang A, Zheng T, Pu S, Xia X, Fu W. Aloin Preconditioning Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signal Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:3765898. [PMID: 31827674 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3765898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Aloin exerts considerable protective effects in various disease models, and its effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury remains unknown. This research is aimed at conducting an in-depth investigation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis effects of aloin in HIR injury and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods In vivo, different concentrations of aloin were intraperitoneally injected 1 h before the establishment of the HIR model in male mice. The hepatic function, pathological status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and apoptosis markers were measured. In vitro, aloin (AL, C21H22O9) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to a culture of mouse primary hepatocytes before it underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and the apoptosis in the mouse primary hepatocytes was analyzed. Results We found that 20 mg/kg was the optimum concentration of aloin for mitigating I/R-induced liver tissue damage, characterized by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Aloin pretreatment substantially suppressed the generation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 and enhanced the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and IL-10 levels in the liver tissue of I/R mice; this indicated that aloin ameliorated I/R-induced liver damage by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Moreover, aloin inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response that was caused by the upregulated expression of Bcl-2, the downregulated expression of cleaved caspase3(C-caspase3), Bax, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), FADD, MyD88, TRAF6, phosphorylated IKKα/β (p-IKKα/β), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65).
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Sigaroodi F, Shafaei H, Karimipour M, Dolatkhah MA, Delazar A. Aloe Vera/Collagen Mixture Induces Integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 Genes Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:662-667. [PMID: 31857972 PMCID: PMC6912176 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Natural biomaterials are a key base in tissue engineering, and collagen, as the main content of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is frequently used in tissue engineering. Aloe vera has some therapeutic effects on ulcers, therefore, the use of this natural resource has always been considered for improving collagen function. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera/ Collagen blended on cell viability, cell attachment, and angiogenic potential by determining of integrin α1β1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) genes expression in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Methods: In this study, hASCs after harvesting of adipose tissues from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolation, were cultured in four groups of control, collagen gel, Aloe vera gel, and Aloe vera/collagen blended in vitro environment at 24h and then cell viability was assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. Integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 genes expression were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Results: The results of MTT showed that the combination of Aloe vera/collagen was retained the cell viability at the normal range and improved it. In real-time RT-PCR results, integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 gene expression were increased in the Aloe vera/collagen blended group compared to the control group. Conclusion: For tissue engineering purposes, Aloe vera improves collagen properties in the culture of hASCs by increasing the expression of the integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Sigaroodi
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dolatkhah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Koo HJ, Lee KR, Kim HS, Lee BM. Detoxification effects of aloe polysaccharide and propolis on the urinary excretion of metabolites in smokers. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Wounds are a common medical infliction. With the increase in microbial resistance and a shift of interest towards complementary medicines, essential oils have been shown to be beneficial in suppressing microbial growth. However, in practice, essential oils are more often diluted into a base due to the risk of topical adverse effects, such as dermatitis. There is a lack of collated evidence-based information on toxicity and efficacy of carrier oils. The current information on the subject matter is restricted to generic, aroma-therapeutic books and pamphlets, based on anecdotal evidence rather than an experimental approach. Therefore, this review aimed at identifying the recommended carrier oils used in dermatology and thereafter collating the scientific evidence to support the use of carrier oils together with essential oils recommended for dermatological use. Aloe vera gel had multiple studies demonstrating the ability to enhance wound healing; however, several other carrier oils have been largely neglected. It was observed that the extracts for certain plant species had been used to justify the use of the carrier oils of the same plant species. This is an inaccurate cross assumption due to the difference in chemical composition and biological activities. Lastly, despite these carrier oils being recommended as a base for essential oils, very little data was found on the interactive profile of the carrier oil with the essential oil. This review provides a platform for further studies, especially if essential oils are to receive credence in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Ahl LI, Al-Husseini N, Al-Helle S, Staerk D, Grace OM, Willats WGT, Mravec J, Jørgensen B, Rønsted N. Detection of Seasonal Variation in Aloe Polysaccharides Using Carbohydrate Detecting Microarrays. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:512. [PMID: 31139197 PMCID: PMC6527838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aloe vera gel is a globally popular natural product used for the treatment of skin conditions. Its useful properties are attributed to the presence of bioactive polysaccharides. Nearly 25% of the 600 species in the genus Aloe are used locally in traditional medicine, indicating that the bioactive components in Aloe vera may be common across the genus Aloe. The complexity of the polysaccharides has hindered development of relevant assays for authentication of Aloe products. Carbohydrate detecting microarrays have recently been suggested as a method for profiling Aloe polysaccharide composition. The aim of this study was to use carbohydrate detecting microarrays to investigate the seasonal variation in the polysaccharide composition of two medicinal and two non-medicinal Aloe species over the course of a year. Microscopy was used to explore where in the cells the bioactive polysaccharides are present and predict their functional role in the cell wall structure. The carbohydrate detecting microarrays analyses showed distinctive differences in the polysaccharide composition between the different species and carbohydrate detecting microarrays therefore has potential as a complementary screening method directly targeting the presence and composition of relevant polysaccharides. The results also show changes in the polysaccharide composition over the year within the investigated species, which may be of importance for commercial growing in optimizing harvest times to obtain higher yield of relevant polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Isager Ahl
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Narjes Al-Husseini
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Al-Helle
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olwen M. Grace
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - William G. T. Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Poonam P, Kumari P, Grishina M, Potemkin V, Verma A, Rathi B. Oxygen mediated highly efficient cobalt(ii) porphyrin-catalyzed reduction of functional chromones: experimental and computational studies. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The highly efficient oxygen mediated reduction of functional chromones with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) catalyzed by cobalt(ii) porphyrins afforded biologically active chroman-4-ols as the reduction products in 80–98% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Poonam
- Department of Chemistry
- Miranda House
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Deshbandhu College
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Maria Grishina
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
| | - Vladimir Potemkin
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery
- Department of Chemistry
- Hansraj College
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- South Ural State University
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs
- Russia
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery
- Department of Chemistry
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Zhang LJ, Li OY, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Studies on polysaccharides from leaf skin of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part II. Structural characteristics and molecular properties of two lower molecular weight fractions. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Aghamohamadi N, Sanjani NS, Majidi RF, Nasrollahi SA. Preparation and characterization of Aloe vera acetate and electrospinning fibers as promising antibacterial properties materials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 94:445-452. [PMID: 30423728 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the anti-bacterial effect of Aloe vera derivate fibers produced by the electrospinning method was reported. Aloe vera Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Av/PVP) and Aloe vera acetate-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (AvAc/PVP) electrospun fibers were prepared with different concentrations and their microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Various methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), water contact angle (CA) tests, Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), CHNSO and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize prepared samples. (Av/PVP) electrospun fibers were prepared with different concentrations (6-10 wt%) of PVP and 0.2 wt% Av blended and tested in medicinal herb for wound healing, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. For further study, the effect of AvAc film on the properties of composite film was studied. AvAc increased the thermal stability and crystallite size percentage of samples. Antibacterial and antiviral test studies on the scaffold displayed no bacterial and viral growth. These results suggest that AvAc/PVP scaffolds could be promising candidates for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reza Faridi Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran
| | - Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University Medical of Science, P.O. Box 1416613675, Tehran, Iran
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Salehi B, Albayrak S, Antolak H, Kręgiel D, Pawlikowska E, Sharifi-Rad M, Uprety Y, Tsouh Fokou PV, Yousef Z, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Varoni EM, Sharopov F, Martins N, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2843. [PMID: 30235891 PMCID: PMC6163315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran.
| | - Sevil Albayrak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, P.O. Box 1030 Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Zubaida Yousef
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1/3, 20100 Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Chen T, Wang L, Hu C. Treatment-related changes after short-term exposure of SD rats to Aloe vera whole-leaf freeze-dried powder. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 98:248-259. [PMID: 29280285 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera is a widely used natural herb from which many sorts of commercial products have been derived using different preparation technologies. Aloe whole-leaf powder is one of the most popular subtypes. The long-term impact of aloe products has already been reported; however, there have been few studies about short-term exposure, and especially about the relative impact of Aloe vera whole-leaf freeze-dried powder (AWFP). To provide more toxicological data and to document the early changes induced by AWFP, in this study 120 SD rats were divided into four groups (control and 400/1200/2000 mg/kg treatment groups) and were administered AWFP once daily by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days, followed by a two week recovery phase. The results showed that AWFP could induce soft/loose changes in faeces. Significantly decreased white blood cell (WBC) counts, associated with reduced lymphocyte counts were also noted. The relative organ weight, including both organ-to-body weight ratio and organ-to-brain weight ratio of kidneys, was significantly increased in 2000 mg/kg compared with that in controls. Histopathologically, pigmentation in the kidneys and increased mucosal thickness in colon were also noted in a dose response groups. Other changes observed in the study were not considered to be treatment related, and 400 mg/kg was considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect level. The study provided clear evidence of treatment-related changes with a short-term exposure to AWFP. This is also the first report of the early colon morphologic changes associated with stool changes noted previously in-life phase, providing additional toxicity data which will contribute to our understanding about the short-term usage of AWFP as a remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, China
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Hua CK, Mun CS, Jing JK, Kong L, Ern LY, Ashraf NA, Kit SW, Yee TS, Pichika MR, Gorain B, Kesharwani P. An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:361-376. [PMID: 29992107 PMCID: PMC6035310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, phytomedicine or botanical medicine are synonymous, utilizes plants intended for medicinal purposes. Medicinal use of herbal medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases including diabetes has a long history compared to conventional medicine. Diabetes is one of the major public health concerns over the world. Diabetes or hyperglycemia is considered to be one of the common public health hazard; optimal control of which is still not possible. Persistent hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes has the potential to cause serious complications such as kidney disease, vision loss, cardiovascular disease, and lower-limb amputations which contributed towards morbidity and mortality in diabetes. There are various approaches to treat and prevent diabetes as well as its secondary complications, one of it is herbal medicines. However, the selection of herbs might depends on several factors, which include the stage of progression of diabetes, types of comorbidities that the patients are having, availability, affordability as well as the safety profile of the herbs. This review focuses on the herbal and natural remedies that play the role in the treatment or prevention of this morbid disorder - diabetes, including their underlying mechanisms for the blood glucose-lowering property and the herbal products already been marketed for the remedial action of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chua Kui Hua
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Shi Mun
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jessmie Koh Jing
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lillian Kong
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Yee Ern
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ahmad Ashraf
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soohg Wai Kit
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Sin Yee
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petalling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, 47301, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
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Boudreau MD, Olson GR, Tryndyak VP, Bryant MS, Felton RP, Beland FA. From the Cover: Aloin, a Component of the Aloe Vera Plant Leaf, Induces Pathological Changes and Modulates the Composition of Microbiota in the Large Intestines of F344/N Male Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:302-318. [PMID: 28525602 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, the oral administration of an Aloe vera whole leaf extract induced dose-related mucosal and goblet cell hyperplasia in the rat colon after 13 weeks and colon cancer after 2 years. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether or not the administration of aloin, a component of the Aloe vera plant leaf, would replicate the pathophysiological effects that were observed in rats in the previous study with an Aloe vera whole leaf extract. Groups of 10 male F344/N rats were administered aloin at 0, 6.95, 13.9, 27.8, 55.7, 111, 223, and 446 mg/kg drinking water for 13 weeks. At the end of study, rat feces were collected, and the composition of fecal bacteria was investigated by next generation sequencing of the PCR-amplified V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At necropsy, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and organs and sections of the large intestine were collected for histopathology. Aloin induced dose-related increased incidences and severities of mucosal and goblet cell hyperplasia that extended from the cecum to the rectum, with increased incidences and severities detected at aloin doses ≥55.7 mg/kg drinking water. Analysis of the 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing data revealed marked shifts in the structure of the gut microbiota in aloin-treated rats at each taxonomic rank. This study highlights the similarities in effects observed for aloin and the Aloe vera whole leaf extract, and points to a potential mechanism of action to explain the observed pathological changes via modulation of the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg R Olson
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Inc., Jefferson Laboratories, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | | | | | - Robert P Felton
- Division of Informatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
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Demetgül C, Beyazit N. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of chitosan-chromone derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:812-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Koga AY, Pereira AV, Lipinski LC, Oliveira MRP. Evaluation of wound healing effect of alginate films containing Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel. J Biomater Appl 2018; 32:1212-1221. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218754615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Y Koga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Airton V Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia RP Oliveira
- Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Wei Q, Wang J, Zhao M, Zhang M, Song Y, Song P. A theoretical investigation on excited-state single or double proton transfer process for aloesaponarin I. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) dynamical behavior of aloesaponarin I (ASI) was studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. Our calculated vertical excitation energies based on TDDFT reproduced the experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra well [Nagaoka et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 4347 (2013)]. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds were confirmed to be strengthened in the S1 state, which makes ESPT possible. Herein, the ESPT process is more likely to happen, along with one hydrogen bond (O1–H2⋯O3). Qualitative analyses about charge distribution further demonstrate that the ESPT process could occur because of the intramolecular charge transfer. Our constructed potential energy surfaces of both S0 and S1 states show that a single proton transfer reactive is more reasonable along with the intramolecular hydrogen bond (O1–H2⋯O3) rather than O4–H5⋯O6 in the S1 stated potential energy surface. Then, ASI-SPT* decays to the ground state with a 640 nm fluorescence; subsequently, the ASI-SPT form shows that reverse ground state single-proton transfer back to the ASI structure occurs. Particularly, dependent on relatively accurate potential energy barriers among these excited-state stable structures, we confirmed the excited-state single proton transfer process rather than using the controversial nodal plane model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Information, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250015, P.R. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Light Emitting and Photocatalytic Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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Quezada MP, Salinas C, Gotteland M, Cardemil L. Acemannan and Fructans from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Plants as Novel Prebiotics. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10029-10039. [PMID: 29072072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nutraceutical properties of Aloe vera have been attributed to a glucomannan known as acemannan. Recently information has been published about the presence of fructans in Aloe vera but there are no publications about acemannan and fructans as prebiotic compounds. This study investigated in vitro the prebiotic properties of these polysaccharides. Our results demonstrated that fructans from Aloe vera induced bacterial growth better than inulin (commercial FOS). Acemannan stimulated bacterial growth less than fructans, and as much as commercial FOS. Using qPCR to study the bacterial population of human feces fermented in a bioreactor simulating colon conditions, we found that fructans induce an increase in the population of Bifidobacterium spp. Fructans produced greater amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), while the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) did not increase with these polysaccharides. Acemannan increased significantly acetate concentrations. Therefore, both Aloe vera polysaccharides have prebiotic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Quezada
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Av. Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salinas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Av. Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Cardemil
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
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Dalal A, Khanna R, Kumar P, Kamboj RC. Photo-reorganization of 3-alkoxy-6-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones: a green and convenient synthesis of angular pentacyclics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:672-682. [PMID: 28267158 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photo-reorganization of 3-alkoxy-6-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones in methanol with Pyrex filtered UV-light from a medium pressure 125 W Hg-vapor lamp led to the formation of angular pentacyclic compounds (dihydro and aromatic products) along with some rearranged chromenones where the product(s) distribution depended upon the structure of 3-alkoxy groups (methoxy, ethoxy, allyloxy and benzyloxy). The phenyl moiety in the 3-benzyloxy group had a profound effect on the dihydro product(s) formation as the latter was in high yield when the alkoxy group was benzyloxy followed by allyloxy, ethoxy and methoxy groups. The present photochemical study represents a general method for the synthesis of some angular pentacyclic - benzothiophene fused xanthenone derivatives in a single step without using any specific and toxic reagent. The structures of the new organic scaffolds obtained were established by their spectral data (UV, IR and NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India.
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Tareau MA, Palisse M, Odonne G. As vivid as a weed… Medicinal and cosmetic plant uses amongst the urban youth in French Guiana. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 203:200-213. [PMID: 28347829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE French Guiana is a French overseas territory with a rich history of migration that has led to a highly intercultural society. Today, its population is one of the youngest in the French territory and is rapidly increasing. Despite a context of cultural revival seeking "tradition", a distanced baseline of local practices is still lacking. This work addresses some aspects of the cultural hybridizations in progress in urban areas. METHODS Semi directed interviews were conducted with willing participants aged between 18 and 40. Interviews took place in French Guiana's two main urban centres: Cayenne and Saint Laurent du Maroni. People were interviewed about the last medicinal plant they used in the preceding year. Due to the high use of plant baths in French Guiana, a focus was made on baths. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eighty-three people answered: 43 women and 40 men (mean age of 28.7 years old). In total, 226 remedies were counted in our study, 155 single plant remedies and 71 compound remedies leading to 316 use reports of plants from 16 cultural groups. A surprising number of 108 botanical species were recorded. Eighty-one recipes for baths were also collected. Despite this high citation rate, a rather low proportion of people declare a systematic and regular recourse upon local pharmacopoeia (46%; 38/83). Although many interviewees used plants, far from the majority used them on a regular basis. In practice, 50% of the species (54/108 spp.; 99/316 URs) are non-native but domesticated exotic species, imported from Asia, Europe, Africa or remote parts of America, either during colonization, the slave trade era, or more recently with the latest migrations. CONCLUSION Although phytotherapy use is often thought to be related to countryside dwellers and older people, medicinal plants seem to play an important role in the lives of urban French Guianese youth. Research shows a large diversity of medicinal species used linked with the great cultural diversity of the Guianese cities. One characteristic of this population is the hybridization process leading to a perpetual renewal of practices, both in terms of species and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Alexandre Tareau
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, France
| | - Marianne Palisse
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, France
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, France.
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Sayyed K, Apet K, Rudrappa K, Bhujabal V. Bioefficacy of Native Trichoderma spp against Pathogenic Fuusrium Sp Causing Wilt Diseases. J PURE APPL MICROBIO 2017; 11:401-405. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mishra LK, Sangma D. Quality attributes, phytochemical profile and storage stability studies of functional ready to serve (RTS) drink made from blend of Aloe vera, sweet lime, amla and ginger. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:761-769. [PMID: 28298690 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aloe vera based RTS formulation was prepared in this study which provides the health benefits of this wonder plant and was also appealing in terms of sensory qualities. In the present study four formulations of A. vera RTS drink with ginger, sweet lime and amla (V1, V2, V3 and V4 were developed). The developed products were subjected to physico-chemical, organoleptic and microbial analysis. The formulation V3 was found to be the most preferred variant with respect to the sensory quality. Further the blends were found to be a good source of vitamin C and other nutritional parameters. The storage stability studies carried out on the formulations showed that the physico-chemical and the sensory qualities of the RTS blends were acceptable after 60 days of storage. Microbial analysis of the RTS blends during the storage period revealed that it was free from any microbial spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Mishra
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, College of Home Science, Central Agricultural University, Tura, Meghalaya India
| | - Danme Sangma
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, College of Home Science, Central Agricultural University, Tura, Meghalaya India
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