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Nasir A, Rehman MU, Khan T, Husn M, Khan M, Khan A, Nuh AM, Jiang W, Farooqi HMU, Bai Q. Advances in nanotechnology-assisted photodynamic therapy for neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:84-103. [PMID: 38235991 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system tumours affect more than one billion people throughout the globe. The physiological sensitivity of the nervous tissue limits the application of invasive therapies and leads to poor treatment and prognosis. One promising solution that has generated attention is Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can potentially revolutionise the treatment landscape for neurological disorders. PDT attracted substantial recognition for anticancer efficacy and drug conjugation for targeted drug delivery. This review thoroughly explained the basic principles of PDT, scientific interventions and advances in PDT, and their complicated mechanism in treating brain-related pathologies. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of PDT in the context of neurological disorders offer a well-rounded perspective on its feasibility and challenges. In conclusion, this review encapsulates the significant potential of PDT in transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders, emphasising its role as a non-invasive, targeted therapeutic approach with multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tamreez Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Husn
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdifatah Mohamed Nuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Qain Bai
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Goggin FL, Fischer HD. Singlet oxygen signalling and its potential roles in plant biotic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1957-1970. [PMID: 38372069 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (SO) is among the most potent reactive oxygen species, and readily oxidizes proteins, lipids and DNA. It can be generated at the plant surface by phototoxins in the epidermis, acting as a direct defense against pathogens and herbivores (including humans). SO can also accumulate within mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol and the nucleus through multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes. However, the majority of research on intracellular SO generation in plants has focused on transfer of light energy to triplet oxygen by photopigments from the chloroplast. SO accumulates in response to diverse stresses that perturb chloroplast metabolism, and while its high reactivity limits diffusion distances, it participates in retrograde signalling through the EXECUTER1 sensor, generation of carotenoid metabolites and possibly other unknown pathways. SO thereby reprogrammes nuclear gene expression and modulates hormone signalling and programmed cell death. While SO signalling has long been known to regulate plant responses to high-light stress, recent literature also suggests a role in plant interactions with insects, bacteria and fungi. The goals of this review are to provide a brief overview of SO, summarize evidence for its involvement in biotic stress responses and discuss future directions for the study of SO in defense signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Goggin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hillary D Fischer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Sasaki I, Brégier F, Chemin G, Daniel J, Couvez J, Chkair R, Vaultier M, Sol V, Blanchard-Desce M. Hydrophilic Biocompatible Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Biosourced Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38276734 PMCID: PMC10819872 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Most photosensitizers of interest for photodynamic therapy-especially porphyrinoids and chlorins-are hydrophobic. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of nanocarriers is an attractive strategy. In this perspective, we have developed highly water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) made from citric acid and diethyltriamine which are then activated by ethlynene diamine as nanoplatforms for efficient photosensitizers (PSs). Purpurin 18 (Pp18) was selected as a biosourced chlorin photosensitizer combining the efficient single oxygen generation ability and suitable absorption in the biological spectral window. The simple reaction of activated FONPs with Pp18, which contains a reactive anhydride ring, yielded nanoparticles containing both Pp18 and Cp6 derivatives. These functionalized nanoparticles combine solubility in water, high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield in aqueous media (0.72) and absorption both in the near UV region (FONPS) and in the visible region (Soret band approximately 420 nm as well as Q bands at 500 nm, 560 nm, 660 nm and 710 nm). The functionalized nanoparticles retain the blue fluorescence of FONPs when excited in the near UV region but also show deep-red or NIR fluorescence when excited in the visible absorption bands of the PSs (typically at 520 nm, 660 nm or 710 nm). Moreover, these nanoparticles behave as efficient photosensitizers inducing colorectal cancer cell (HCT116 and HT-29 cell lines) death upon illumination at 650 nm. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values down to, respectively, 0.04 and 0.13 nmol/mL were observed showing the potential of FONPs[Cp6] for the PDT treatment of cancer. In conclusion, we have shown that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles, which can be elaborated from biosourced components, both show deep-red emission upon excitation in the red region and are able to produce singlet oxygen with high efficiency in aqueous environments. Moreover, they show high PDT efficiency on colorectal cancer cells upon excitation in the deep red region. As such, these functional organic nanoparticles hold promise both for PDT treatment and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sasaki
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guillaume Chemin
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Jonathan Daniel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Justine Couvez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Rayan Chkair
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Michel Vaultier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS, UR22722), University of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France; (F.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR5255), University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Bat A12, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France (J.C.)
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Lemke MD, Woodson JD. A genetic screen for dominant chloroplast reactive oxygen species signaling mutants reveals life stage-specific singlet oxygen signaling networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1331346. [PMID: 38273946 PMCID: PMC10809407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1331346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plants employ intricate molecular mechanisms to respond to abiotic stresses, which often lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within organelles such as chloroplasts. Such ROS can produce stress signals that regulate cellular response mechanisms. One ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2), is predominantly produced in the chloroplast during photosynthesis and can trigger chloroplast degradation, programmed cell death (PCD), and retrograde (organelle-to-nucleus) signaling. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in these signaling pathways or how many different signaling 1O2 pathways may exist. Methods The Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) mutant conditionally accumulates chloroplast 1O2, making fc2 a valuable genetic system for studying chloroplast 1O2-initiated signaling. Here, we have used activation tagging in a new forward genetic screen to identify eight dominant fc2 activation-tagged (fas) mutations that suppress chloroplast 1O2-initiated PCD. Results While 1O2-triggered PCD is blocked in all fc2 fas mutants in the adult stage, such cellular degradation in the seedling stage is blocked in only two mutants. This differential blocking of PCD suggests that life-stage-specific 1O2-response pathways exist. In addition to PCD, fas mutations generally reduce 1O2-induced retrograde signals. Furthermore, fas mutants have enhanced tolerance to excess light, a natural mechanism to produce chloroplast 1O2. However, general abiotic stress tolerance was only observed in one fc2 fas mutant (fc2 fas2). Together, this suggests that plants can employ general stress tolerance mechanisms to overcome 1O2 production but that this screen was mostly specific to 1O2 signaling. We also observed that salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) stress hormone response marker genes were induced in 1O2-stressed fc2 and generally reduced by fas mutations, suggesting that SA and JA signaling is correlated with active 1O2 signaling and PCD. Discussion Together, this work highlights the complexity of 1O2 signaling by demonstrating that multiple pathways may exist and introduces a suite of new 1O2 signaling mutants to investigate the mechanisms controlling chloroplast-initiated degradation, PCD, and retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse D. Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Garcés-Garcés J, Sánchez-Martos M, Martinez-Navarrete G, Fernández-Jover E, Encheva M, León M, Ortiz J, Sastre-Santos Á, Fernández-Lázaro F. New Highly Fluorescent Water Soluble Imidazolium-Perylenediimides: Synthesis and Cellular Response. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1892. [PMID: 37514077 PMCID: PMC10384807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two new water soluble 2,6-bis(imidazolylmethyl)-4-methylphenoxy-containing perylenediimides, PDI-1 and PDI-2, are described. These compounds demonstrate a high fluorescence quantum yield in water and were investigated as potential photosensitizers for generating reactive oxygen species with applications in anticancer activities. The HeLa cell line (VPH18) was used to evaluate their efficacy. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to confirm the successful internalization of PDI-1 and PDI-2, while confocal microscopy revealed the specific locations of both PDIs within the lysosomes and mitochondria. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of PDI-1 and PDI-2. Remarkably, these photosensitizers demonstrated a significant ability to selectively eliminate cancer cells when exposed to a specific light wavelength. The water solubility, high fluorescence quantum yield, and selective cytotoxicity of these PDIs toward cancer cells highlight their potential as effective agents for targeted photodynamic therapy. In conclusion, the findings presented here provide a strong foundation for the future exploration and optimization of PDI-1 and PDI-2 as effective photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, potentially leading to improved treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garcés-Garcés
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Martos
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gema Martinez-Navarrete
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Jover
- Área de Neuroprótesis y Rehabilitación Visual, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Mirela Encheva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Martín León
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Metabolic sink engineering in cyanobacteria: Perspectives and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128974. [PMID: 36990331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metabolic engineering have made cyanobacteria emerge as promising and attractive microorganisms for sustainable production, by exploiting their natural capability for producing metabolites. The potential of metabolically engineered cyanobacterium would depend on its source-sink balance in the same way as other phototrophs. In cyanobacteria, the amount of light energy harvested (Source) is incompletely utilized by the cell to fix carbon (sink) resulting in wastage of the absorbed energy causing photoinhibition and cellular damage leading to lowered photosynthetic efficiency. Although regulatory pathways like photo-acclimation and photoprotective processes can be helpful unfortunately they limit the cell's metabolic capacity. This review describes approaches for source-sink balance and engineering heterologous metabolic sinks in cyanobacteria for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. The advances for engineering additional metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria are also described which will provide a better understanding of the cyanobacterial source-sink balance and approaches for efficient cyanobacterial strains for valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Youssef WA, Feil R, Saint-Sorny M, Johnson X, Lunn JE, Grimm B, Brzezowski P. Singlet oxygen-induced signalling depends on the metabolic status of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell. Commun Biol 2023; 6:529. [PMID: 37193883 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a mutant screen, we identified trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1 (TSPP1) as a functional enzyme dephosphorylating trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) to trehalose in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The tspp1 knock-out results in reprogramming of the cell metabolism via altered transcriptome. As a secondary effect, tspp1 also shows impairment in 1O2-induced chloroplast retrograde signalling. From transcriptomic analysis and metabolite profiling, we conclude that accumulation or deficiency of certain metabolites directly affect 1O2-signalling. 1O2-inducible GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 5 (GPX5) gene expression is suppressed by increased content of fumarate and 2-oxoglutarate, intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) in mitochondria and dicarboxylate metabolism in the cytosol, but also myo-inositol, involved in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Application of another TCA cycle intermediate, aconitate, recovers 1O2-signalling and GPX5 expression in otherwise aconitate-deficient tspp1. Genes encoding known essential components of chloroplast-to-nucleus 1O2-signalling, PSBP2, MBS, and SAK1, show decreased transcript levels in tspp1, which also can be rescued by exogenous application of aconitate. We demonstrate that chloroplast retrograde signalling involving 1O2 depends on mitochondrial and cytosolic processes and that the metabolic status of the cell determines the response to 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waeil Al Youssef
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maureen Saint-Sorny
- Photosynthesis and Environment Team, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Photosynthesis and Environment Team, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Brzezowski
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Griffin JHC, Toledo-Ortiz G. Plant photoreceptors and their signalling components in chloroplastic anterograde and retrograde communication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7126-7138. [PMID: 35640572 PMCID: PMC9675593 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The red phytochrome and blue cryptochrome plant photoreceptors play essential roles in promoting genome-wide changes in nuclear and chloroplastic gene expression for photomorphogenesis, plastid development, and greening. While their importance in anterograde signalling has been long recognized, the molecular mechanisms involved remain under active investigation. More recently, the intertwining of the light signalling cascades with the retrograde signals for the optimization of chloroplast functions has been acknowledged. Advances in the field support the participation of phytochromes, cryptochromes, and key light-modulated transcription factors, including HY5 and the PIFs, in the regulation of chloroplastic biochemical pathways that produce retrograde signals, including the tetrapyrroles and the chloroplastic MEP-isoprenoids. Interestingly, in a feedback loop, the photoreceptors and their signalling components are targets themselves of these retrograde signals, aimed at optimizing photomorphogenesis to the status of the chloroplasts, with GUN proteins functioning at the convergence points. High light and shade are also conditions where the photoreceptors tune growth responses to chloroplast functions. Interestingly, photoreceptors and retrograde signals also converge in the modulation of dual-localized proteins (chloroplastic/nuclear) including WHIRLY and HEMERA/pTAC12, whose functions are required for the optimization of photosynthetic activities in changing environments and are proposed to act themselves as retrograde signals.
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Redrado M, Miñana M, Coogan MP, Concepción Gimeno M, Fernández‐Moreira V. Tunable Emissive Ir(III) Benzimidazole-quinoline Hybrids as Promising Theranostic Lead Compounds. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200244. [PMID: 35767349 PMCID: PMC9796238 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive and luminescent cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2 L1]Cl (1) and [Ir(ppy)2 L2]Cl (2) containing a benzimidazole derivative (L1/L2) as auxiliary mimic of a nucleotide have been synthesised. The emissive properties of both complexes are conditioned by the nature of L1 and L2, rendering an orange and a green emitter respectively. Both are highly emissive with quantum yield increasing in absence of oxygen up to 0.26 (1) and 0.36 (2), suggesting their phosphorescent character. Antiproliferative activity against lung cancer A549 cells increased up to 15 times upon irradiation conditions, reaching IC50 values in the nanomolar range (0.3±0.09 μM (1) and 0.26±0.14 μM (2)) and pointing them as good PSs candidates for photodynamic therapy via 1 O2 generation. Cellular biodistribution analysis by fluorescence microscopy suggest the lysosomes as the preferential accumulation organelle. Time-resolved studies showed a greatly increased cellular emission lifetime compared to the solution values, indicating binding to macromolecules or cellular structures and restriction of collision and vibrational quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Redrado
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Miriam Miñana
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | | | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Vanesa Fernández‐Moreira
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
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Rai R, Singh S, Rai KK, Raj A, Sriwastaw S, Rai LC. Regulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:353-372. [PMID: 34700048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is common consequence of abiotic stress in plants as well as cyanobacteria caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an inevitable product of respiration and photosynthetic electron transport. ROS act as signalling molecule at low concentration however, when its production exceeds the endurance capacity of antioxidative defence system, the organisms suffer oxidative stress. A highly toxic metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is also produced in cyanobacteria in response to various abiotic stresses which consequently augment the ensuing oxidative damage. Taking recourse to the common lineage of eukaryotic plants and cyanobacteria, it would be worthwhile to explore the regulatory role of glyoxalase system and antioxidative defense mechanism in combating abiotic stress in cyanobacteria. This review provides comprehensive information on the complete glyoxalase system (GlyI, GlyII and GlyIII) in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, it elucidates the recent understanding regarding the production of ROS and MG, noteworthy link between intracellular MG and ROS and its detoxification via synchronization of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and glyoxalase systems using glutathione (GSH) as common co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alka Raj
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sonam Sriwastaw
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - L C Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Yang W, Wang F, Liu LN, Sui N. Responses of Membranes and the Photosynthetic Apparatus to Salt Stress in Cyanobacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:713. [PMID: 32582247 PMCID: PMC7292030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are autotrophs whose photosynthetic process is similar to that of higher plants, although the photosynthetic apparatus is slightly different. They have been widely used for decades as model systems for studying the principles of photosynthesis, especially the effects of environmental stress on photosynthetic activities. Salt stress, which is the most common abiotic stress in nature, combines ionic and osmotic stresses. High cellular ion concentrations and osmotic stress can alter normal metabolic processes and photosynthesis. Additionally, salt stress increases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents. Excessive amounts of ROS will damage the photosynthetic apparatus, inhibit the synthesis of photosystem-related proteins, including the D1 protein, and destroy the thylakoid membrane structure, leading to inhibited photosynthesis. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of salt stress on the cyanobacterial membranes and photosynthetic apparatus. We also describe specific salt tolerance mechanisms. A thorough characterization of the responses of membranes and photosynthetic apparatus to salt stress may be relevant for increasing agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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12
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Shitomi K, Miyaji H, Miyata S, Sugaya T, Ushijima N, Akasaka T, Kawasaki H. Photodynamic inactivation of oral bacteria with silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101647. [PMID: 31904554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a promising anti-infective technique for generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) to target dental disease. However, conventional organic photosensitizers have problems for clinical use in terms of cytotoxicity, quenching of a-PDT activity by self-dimerization, and the lack of long-term antibacterial effect. We herein propose silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite (AgNCs/RB) as a novel photosensitizer with two primary antibacterial effects: (1) 1O2 generation by irradiated RB and (2) Ag+ ion release from AgNCs. AgNCs/RB irradiated with white light-emitting diode (LED) for a short irradiation time of 1 min significantly decreased the bacterial turbidity of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.05). In SEM, TEM and LIVE/DEAD staining images, photoexcited AgNCs/RB reduced S. mutans colonization, destroyed the cell membrane, and increased the number of dead cells. The antibacterial efficiency of photoexcited AgNCs/RB was greater than that of AgNCs or RB alone (P < 0.05), suggesting a synergistic effect of 1O2 and Ag+ ions from photoexcited AgNCs/RB. By contrast, photoexcited AgNCs/RB did not affect WST-8 and LDH activities and morphology of NIH3T3 mammalian cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of AgNCs/RB on S. mutans was maintained even after the cessation of LED irradiation, indicating a long-term antibacterial effect due to released Ag+ ions. The present AgNCs/RB photosensitizers provide effective synergistic antibacterial effects for dental a-PDT via 1O2 and Ag+ ions coupled with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Shitomi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan.
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13
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Wang H, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu T, Zhang Q, Yang M, Wang P, Gu Y. A Novel Theranostic Nanoprobe for In Vivo Singlet Oxygen Detection and Real-Time Dose-Effect Relationship Monitoring in Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902185. [PMID: 31389152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, as the main member of reactive oxygen species, plays a significant role in cancer photodynamic therapy. However, the in vivo real-time detection of singlet oxygen remains challenging. In this work, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based upconversion nanoplatform for monitoring the singlet oxygen in living systems is developed, with the ability to evaluate the in vivo dose-effect relationship between singlet oxygen and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In details, this nanoplatform is composed of core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), photosensitizer MC540, NIR dye IR-820, and poly(acryl amine) PAA-octylamine, where the UCNPs serve as an energy donor while IR-820 serves as an energy acceptor. The nanoparticles are found to sensitively reflect the singlet oxygen levels generated in the tumor tissues during PDT, by luminescence intensity changes of UNCPs at 800 nm emission. Furthermore, it could also enable tumor treatment with satisfactory biocompatibility. To the best knowledge, this is the first report of a theranostic nanoplatform with the ability to formulate the in vivo dose-effect relationship between singlet oxygen and PDT efficacy and to achieve tumor treatment at the same time. This work might also provide an executable strategy to evaluate photodynamic therapeutic efficacy based on singlet oxygen pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongkuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Emissive Enhancement of the Singlet Oxygen Chemiluminescence Probe after Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132422. [PMID: 31266247 PMCID: PMC6651777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemiluminescence probe for singlet oxygen 1O2 (SOCL) was investigated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), either in the absence of proteins or containing bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the protein-free PBS, the reactivity of SOCL for methylene blue (MB)-photosensitized 1O2 was found to be moderate or low. The reaction yield increased with temperature and/or concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen. Unexpectedly, the presence of BSA boosted both the emissive nature and the thermal stability of the phenoxy-dioxetane intermediate formed in the chemiexcitation pathway. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that SOCL has a moderate binding affinity for BSA and that entropy forces drive the formation of the SOCL-BSA complex. A model with two identical and independent binding sites was used to fit the binding isotherm data. Co-operative binding was observed when MB was present. Local viscosity factors and/or conformational restrictions of the BSA-bound SOCL phenoxy-dioxetane were proposed to contribute to the formation of the highly emissive benzoate ester during the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) process. These results led us to conclude that hydrophobic interactions of the SOCL with proteins can modify the emissive nature of its phenoxy-dioxetane, which should be taken into account when using SOCL or its cell-penetrating peptide derivative in living cells.
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15
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Dogra V, Duan J, Lee KP, Kim C. Impaired PSII proteostasis triggers a UPR-like response in the var2 mutant of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3075-3088. [PMID: 30989223 PMCID: PMC6598079 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is maintained through the balance between de novo synthesis and proteolysis. The unfolded/misfolded protein response (UPR) that is triggered by stressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also plays an important role in proteostasis in both plants and animals. Although ER-triggered UPR has been extensively studied in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial and chloroplastic UPRs are largely uncharacterized despite the fact that these organelles are sites of production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that chloroplasts of the Arabidopsis yellow leaf variegation 2 (var2) mutant, which lacks the metalloprotease FtsH2, accumulate damaged chloroplast proteins and trigger a UPR-like response, namely the accumulation of a suite of chloroplast proteins involved in protein quality control (PQC). These PQC proteins include heat-shock proteins, chaperones, proteases, and ROS detoxifiers. Given that FtsH2 functions primarily in photosystem II proteostasis, the accumulation of PQC-related proteins may balance the FtsH2 deficiency. Moreover, the apparent up-regulation of the cognate transcripts indicates that the accumulation of PQC-related proteins in var2 is probably mediated by retrograde signaling, indicating the occurrence of a UPR-like response in var2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dogra V, Li M, Singh S, Li M, Kim C. Oxidative post-translational modification of EXECUTER1 is required for singlet oxygen sensing in plastids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2834. [PMID: 31249292 PMCID: PMC6597547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental information perceived by chloroplasts can be translated into retrograde signals that alter the expression of nuclear genes. Singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by photosystem II (PSII) can cause photo-oxidative damage of PSII but has also been implicated in retrograde signaling. We previously reported that a nuclear-encoded chloroplast FtsH2 metalloprotease coordinates 1O2-triggered retrograde signaling by promoting the degradation of the EXECUTER1 (EX1) protein, a putative 1O2 sensor. Here, we show that a 1O2-mediated oxidative post-translational modification of EX1 is essential for initiating 1O2-derived signaling. Specifically, the Trp643 residue in DUF3506 domain of EX1 is prone to oxidation by 1O2. Both the substitution of Trp643 with 1O2-insensitive amino acids and the deletion of the DUF3506 domain abolish the EX1-mediated 1O2 signaling. We thus provide mechanistic insight into how EX1 senses 1O2 via Trp643 located in the DUF3506 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Somesh Singh
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengping Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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17
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Makhneva ZK, Ashikhmin AA, Bolshakov MA, Moskalenko AA. Quenchers Protect BChl850 from Action of Singlet Oxygen in the Membranes of a Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Allochromatium vinosum Strain MSU. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Dall’Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Guardini Z, Barera S, Benedetti M, Mannino G, Maffei ME, Bassi R. Combined resistance to oxidative stress and reduced antenna size enhance light-to-biomass conversion efficiency in Chlorella vulgaris cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:221. [PMID: 31534480 PMCID: PMC6745798 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are efficient producers of lipid-rich biomass, making them a key component in developing a sustainable energy source, and an alternative to fossil fuels. Chlorella species are of special interest because of their fast growth rate in photobioreactors. However, biological constraints still cast a significant gap between the high cost of biofuel and cheap oil, thus hampering perspective of producing CO2-neutral biofuels. A key issue is the inefficient use of light caused by its uneven distribution in the culture that generates photoinhibition of the surface-exposed cells and darkening of the inner layers. Efficient biofuel production, thus, requires domestication, including traits which reduce optical density of cultures and enhance photoprotection. RESULTS We applied two steps of mutagenesis and phenotypic selection to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. First, a pale-green mutant (PG-14) was selected, with a 50% reduction of both chlorophyll content per cell and LHCII complement per PSII, with respect to WT. PG-14 showed a 30% increased photon conversion into biomass efficiency vs. WT. A second step of mutagenesis of PG-14, followed by selection for higher tolerance to Rose Bengal, led to the isolation of pale-green genotypes, exhibiting higher resistance to singlet oxygen (strains SOR). Growth in photobioreactors under high light conditions showed an enhanced biomass production of SOR strains with respect to PG-14. When compared to WT strain, biomass yield of the pale green + sor genotype was enhanced by 68%. CONCLUSIONS Domestication of microalgae like Chlorella vulgaris, by optimizing both light distribution and ROS resistance, yielded an enhanced carbon assimilation rate in photobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dall’Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Guardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Barera
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Manuel Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Unità di Fisiologia Vegetale, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Unità di Fisiologia Vegetale, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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19
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Dogra V, Kim C. Singlet Oxygen Metabolism: From Genesis to Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1640. [PMID: 31969891 PMCID: PMC6960194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen with an electron spin shift in the molecular orbitals, which is extremely unstable and highly reactive. In plants, 1O2 is primarily generated as a byproduct of photosynthesis in the photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) and the light-harvesting antenna complex (LHC) in the grana core (GC). This occurs upon the absorption of light energy when the excited chlorophyll molecules in the PSII transfer the excess energy to molecular oxygen, thereby generating 1O2. As a potent oxidant, 1O2 promotes oxidative damage. However, at sub-lethal levels, it initiates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling to contribute to plant stress responses, including acclimation and cell death. The thylakoid membranes comprise two spatially separated 1O2 sensors: β-carotene localized in the PSII RC in the GC and the nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein EXECUTER1 (EX1) residing in the non-appressed grana margin (GM). Finding EX1 in the GM suggests the existence of an additional source of 1O2 in the GM and the presence of two distinct 1O2-signaling pathways. In this review, we mainly discuss the genesis and impact of 1O2 in plant physiology.
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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21
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Dogra V, Rochaix JD, Kim C. Singlet oxygen-triggered chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling pathways: An emerging perspective. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1727-1738. [PMID: 29749057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is a prime cause of photo-damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. The chlorophyll molecules in the photosystem II reaction center and in the light-harvesting antenna complex are major sources of 1 O2 generation. It has been thought that the generation of 1 O2 mainly takes place in the appressed regions of the thylakoid membranes, namely, the grana core, where most of the active photosystem II complexes are localized. Apart from being a toxic molecule, new evidence suggests that 1 O2 significantly contributes to chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling that primes acclimation and cell death responses. Interestingly, recent studies reveal that chloroplasts operate two distinct 1 O2 -triggered retrograde signalling pathways in which β-carotene and a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein EXECUTER1 play essential roles as signalling mediators. The coexistence of these mediators raises several questions: their crosstalk, source(s) of 1 O2 , downstream signalling components, and the perception and reaction mechanism of these mediators towards 1 O2 . In this review, we mainly discuss the molecular genetic basis of the mode of action of these two putative 1 O2 sensors and their corresponding retrograde signalling pathways. In addition, we also propose the possible existence of an alternative source of 1 O2 , which is spatially and functionally separated from the grana core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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22
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Hernando M, Minaglia MCC, Malanga G, Houghton C, Andrinolo D, Sedan D, Rosso L, Giannuzzi L. Physiological responses and toxin production of Microcystis aeruginosa in short-term exposure to solar UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:69-80. [PMID: 29188851 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term (hours) exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) on the physiology of Microcystis aeruginosa. Three solar radiation treatments were implemented: (i) PAR (PAR, 400-700 nm), (ii) TUVA (PAR + UVAR, 315-700 nm) and (iii) TUVR (PAR + UVAR + UVBR, 280-700 nm). Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to UVR were observed. Antioxidant enzymes were more active at high UVR doses. However, different responses were observed depending on the exposure to UVAR or UVBR and the dose level. No effects were observed on the biomass, ROS production or increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) compared to the control when UVR + PAR doses were lower than 9875 kJ m-2. For intermediate doses, UVR + PAR doses between 9875 and 10 275 kJ m-2, oxidative stress increased while resistance was imparted through SOD and CAT in the cells exposed to UVAR. Despite the increased antioxidant activity, biomass decrease and photosynthesis inhibition were observed, but no effects were observed with added exposure to UVBR. At the highest doses (UVR + PAR higher than 10 275 kJ m-2), the solar UVR caused decreased photosynthesis and biomass with only activation of CAT by UVBR and SOD and CAT by UVAR. In addition, for such doses, a significant decrease of microcystins (MCs, measured as MC-LR equivalents) was observed as a consequence of UVAR. This study facilitates our understanding of the SOD and CAT protection according to UVAR and UVBR doses and cellular damage and reinforces the importance of UVR as an environmental stressor. In addition, our results support the hypothesized antioxidant function of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hernando
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Dpto. Radiomicrobiología CAC, Argentina.
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23
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Sun M, Xu L, Bahng JH, Kuang H, Alben S, Kotov NA, Xu C. Intracellular localization of nanoparticle dimers by chirality reversal. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1847. [PMID: 29185441 PMCID: PMC5707389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra- and extracellular positioning of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can dramatically alter their curative/diagnostic abilities and medical outcomes. However, the inability of common spectroscopic identifiers to register the events of transmembrane transport denies their intracellular vs. extracellular localization even for cell cultures. Here we show that the chiroptical activity of DNA-bridged NP dimers allows one to follow the process of internalization of the particles by the mammalian cells and to distinguish their extra- vs intra-cellular localizations by real-time spectroscopy in ensemble. Circular dichroism peaks in the visible range change from negative to positive during transmembrane transport. The chirality reversal is associated with a spontaneous twisting motion around the DNA bridge caused by the large change in electrostatic repulsion between NPs when the dimers move from interstitial fluid to cytosol. This finding opens the door for spectroscopic targeting of plasmonic nanodrugs and quantitative assessment of nanoscale interactions. The efficacy of dichroic targeting of chiral nanostructures for biomedical applications is exemplified here as photodynamic therapy of malignancies. The efficacy of cervical cancer cell elimination was drastically increased when circular polarization of incident photons matched to the preferential absorption of dimers localized inside the cancer cells, which is associated with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and their preferential intracellular localization. The ability to spectroscopically pinpoint whether nanoparticles are located inside or outside of cells represents an overarching need in biology and medicine. Here, the authors show that the chirality of DNA-bridged particle dimers reverses when they cross the cell membrane, providing a real-time chiroptical signature of their intra- or extracellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Joong Hwan Bahng
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Silas Alben
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Fischer WW, Hemp J, Valentine JS. How did life survive Earth's great oxygenation? Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:166-78. [PMID: 27043270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Life on Earth originated and evolved in anoxic environments. Around 2.4 billion-years-ago, ancestors of Cyanobacteria invented oxygenic photosynthesis, producing substantial amounts of O2 as a byproduct of phototrophic water oxidation. The sudden appearance of O2 would have led to significant oxidative stress due to incompatibilities with core cellular biochemical processes. Here we examine this problem through the lens of Cyanobacteria-the first taxa to observe significant fluxes of intracellular dioxygen. These early oxygenic organisms likely adapted to the oxidative stress by co-opting preexisting systems (exaptation) with fortuitous antioxidant properties. Over time more advanced antioxidant systems evolved, allowing Cyanobacteria to adapt to an aerobic lifestyle and become the most important environmental engineers in Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woodward W Fischer
- Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.
| | - James Hemp
- Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Zavafer A, Chow WS, Cheah MH. The action spectrum of Photosystem II photoinactivation in visible light. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:247-60. [PMID: 26298696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is always accompanied by light induced damage to the Photosystem II (PSII) which is compensated by its subsequent repair. Photoinhibition of PSII is a complex process, balancing between photoinactivation, protective and repair mechanisms. Current understanding of photoinactivation is limited with competing hypotheses where the photosensitiser is either photosynthetic pigments or the Mn4CaO5 cluster itself, with little consensus on the mechanisms and consequences of PSII photoinactivation. The mechanism of photoinactivation should be reflected in the action spectrum of PSII photoinactivation, but there is a great diversity of the action spectra reported thus far. The only consensus is that PSII photoinactivation is greatest in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this review, the authors revisit the methods, technical constraints and the different action spectra of PSII photoinactivation reported to date and compare them against the diverse mechanisms proposed. Upon critical examination of the reported action spectra, a hybrid mechanism of photoinactivation, sensitised by both photosynthetic pigments and the Mn4CaO5 appears to be the most plausible rationalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Zavafer
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mun Hon Cheah
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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Regulation and function of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants and algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:968-85. [PMID: 25979235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapyrroles are macrocyclic molecules with various structural variants and multiple functions in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Present knowledge about the metabolism of tetrapyrroles reflects the complex evolution of the pathway in different kingdoms of organisms, the complexity of structural and enzymatic variations of enzymatic steps, as well as a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, which ensure adequate synthesis of tetrapyrrole end-products at any time of development and environmental condition. This review intends to highlight new findings of research on tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants and algae. In the course of the heme and chlorophyll synthesis in these photosynthetic organisms, glutamate, one of the central and abundant metabolites, is converted into highly photoreactive tetrapyrrole intermediates. Thereby, several mechanisms of posttranslational control are thought to be essential for a tight regulation of each enzymatic step. Finally, we wish to discuss the potential role of tetrapyrroles in retrograde signaling and point out perspectives of the formation of macromolecular protein complexes in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis as an efficient mechanism to ensure a fine-tuned metabolic flow in the pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Zhang EJ, Brumfield B, Wysocki G. Hybrid Faraday rotation spectrometer for sub-ppm detection of atmospheric O2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:15957-15968. [PMID: 24977851 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.015957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) of O(2) is performed at atmospheric conditions using a DFB diode laser and permanent rare-earth magnets. Polarization rotation is detected with a hybrid-FRS detection method that combines the advantages of two conventional approaches: balanced optical-detection and conventional FRS with an optimized analyzer offset angle for maximum sensitivity enhancement. A measurement precision of 0.6 ppmv·Hz(-1/2) for atmospheric O(2) has been achieved. The theoretical model of hybrid detection is described, and the calculated detection limits are in excellent agreement with experimental values.
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Schmitt FJ, Renger G, Friedrich T, Kreslavski VD, Zharmukhamedov SK, Los DA, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Reactive oxygen species: re-evaluation of generation, monitoring and role in stress-signaling in phototrophic organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:835-48. [PMID: 24530357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview about recent developments and current knowledge about monitoring, generation and the functional role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - H2O2, HO2, HO, OH(-), (1)O2 and O2(-) - in both oxidative degradation and signal transduction in photosynthetic organisms including microscopic techniques for ROS detection and controlled generation. Reaction schemes elucidating formation, decay and signaling of ROS in cyanobacteria as well as from chloroplasts to the nuclear genome in eukaryotes during exposure of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms to oxidative stress are discussed that target the rapidly growing field of regulatory effects of ROS on nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Renger
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Sergei K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Los
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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Teng IT, Chang YJ, Wang LS, Lu HY, Wu LC, Yang CM, Chiu CC, Yang CH, Hsu SL, Ho JAA. Phospholipid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarriers for selective photodynamic therapy of cancer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7462-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li SPY, Lau CTS, Louie MW, Lam YW, Cheng SH, Lo KKW. Mitochondria-targeting cyclometalated iridium(III)–PEG complexes with tunable photodynamic activity. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7519-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Richter AS, Grimm B. Thiol-based redox control of enzymes involved in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:371. [PMID: 24065975 PMCID: PMC3778395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The last decades of research brought substantial insights into tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway in photosynthetic organisms. Almost all genes have been identified and roles of seemingly all essential proteins, leading to the synthesis of heme, siroheme, phytochromobilin, and chlorophyll (Chl), have been characterized. Detailed studies revealed the existence of a complex network of transcriptional and post-translational control mechanisms for maintaining a well-adjusted tetrapyrrole biosynthesis during plant development and adequate responses to environmental changes. Among others one of the known post-translational modifications is regulation of enzyme activities by redox modulators. Thioredoxins and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) adjust the activity of tetrapyrrole synthesis to the redox status of plastids. Excessive excitation energy of Chls in both photosystems and accumulation of light-absorbing unbound tetrapyrrole intermediates generate reactive oxygen species, which interfere with the plastid redox poise. Recent reports highlight ferredoxin-thioredoxin and NTRC-dependent control of key steps in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants. In this review we introduce the regulatory impact of these reductants on the stability and activity of enzymes involved in 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis as well as in the Mg-branch of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway and we propose molecular mechanisms behind this redox control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- *Correspondence: Bernhard Grimm, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche-Fakultät I, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany e-mail:
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Signorelli S, Arellano JB, Melø TB, Borsani O, Monza J. Proline does not quench singlet oxygen: evidence to reconsider its protective role in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 64:80-3. [PMID: 23384940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants are commonly subjected to several environmental stresses that lead to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As plants accumulate proline in response to stress conditions, some authors have proposed that proline could act as a non-enzymatic antioxidant against ROS. One type of ROS aimed to be quenched by proline is singlet oxygen ((1)O(2))-molecular oxygen in its lowest energy electronically excited state-constitutively generated in oxygenic, photosynthetic organisms. In this study we clearly prove that proline cannot quench (1)O(2) in aqueous buffer, giving rise to a rethinking about the antioxidant role of proline against (1)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. E. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Barajas-López JDD, Blanco NE, Strand Å. Plastid-to-nucleus communication, signals controlling the running of the plant cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013. [PMID: 22749883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.020 [epub ahead of print]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of genes encoding organellar proteins in both the nucleus and the organelle necessitates tight coordination of expression by the different genomes, and this has led to the evolution of sophisticated intracellular signaling networks. Organelle-to-nucleus signaling, or retrograde control, coordinates the expression of nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins with the metabolic and developmental state of the organelle. Complex networks of retrograde signals orchestrate major changes in nuclear gene expression and coordinate cellular activities and assist the cell during plant development and stress responses. It has become clear that, even though the chloroplast depends on the nucleus for its function, plastid signals play important roles in an array of different cellular processes vital to the plant. Hence, the chloroplast exerts significant control over the running of the cell. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
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Systemic Photooxidative Stress Signalling. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cellamare BM, Fini P, Agostiano A, Sortino S, Cosma P. Identification of Ros Produced by Photodynamic Activity of Chlorophyll/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:432-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M. Cellamare
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari; Bari; Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry; Department of Drug Sciences; University of Catania; Catania; Italy
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Barajas-López JDD, Blanco NE, Strand Å. Plastid-to-nucleus communication, signals controlling the running of the plant cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:425-37. [PMID: 22749883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of genes encoding organellar proteins in both the nucleus and the organelle necessitates tight coordination of expression by the different genomes, and this has led to the evolution of sophisticated intracellular signaling networks. Organelle-to-nucleus signaling, or retrograde control, coordinates the expression of nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins with the metabolic and developmental state of the organelle. Complex networks of retrograde signals orchestrate major changes in nuclear gene expression and coordinate cellular activities and assist the cell during plant development and stress responses. It has become clear that, even though the chloroplast depends on the nucleus for its function, plastid signals play important roles in an array of different cellular processes vital to the plant. Hence, the chloroplast exerts significant control over the running of the cell. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
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37
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Li H, Melø TB, Arellano JB, Razi Naqvi K. Temporal profile of the singlet oxygen emission endogenously produced by photosystem II reaction centre in an aqueous buffer. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 112:75-9. [PMID: 22481218 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The temporal profile of the phosphorescence of singlet oxygen endogenously photosensitized by photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre (RC) in an aqueous buffer has been recorded using laser excitation and a near infrared photomultiplier tube. A weak emission signal was discernible, and could be fitted to the functional form a[exp(-t/τ(2) - exp(-t/τ(1)], with a > 0 and τ(2) > τ(1). The value of τ(2) decreased from 11.6 ± 0.5 μs under aerobic conditions to 4.1 ± 0.2 μs in oxygen-saturated samples, due to enhanced bimolecular quenching of the donor triplet by oxygen, whereas that of τ(1), identifiable with the lifetime of singlet oxygen, was close to 3 μs in both cases. Extrapolations based on the low amplitude of the emission signal of singlet oxygen formed by PSII RC in the aqueous buffer and the expected values of τ(1) and τ(2) in chloroplasts indicate that attempts to analyse the temporal profile of singlet oxygen in chloroplasts are unlikely to be rewarded with success without a significant advance in the sensitivity of the detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Arellano JB, Li H, González-Pérez S, Gutiérrez J, Melø TB, Vacha F, Naqvi KR. Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of α-tocopherol, photoprotects the surface-exposed regions of the photosystem II reaction center in vitro. Is this physiologically relevant? Biochemistry 2011; 50:8291-301. [PMID: 21866915 DOI: 10.1021/bi201195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Can Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of α-tocopherol and a scavenger of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), provide photoprotection, under high irradiance, to the isolated photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC)? To answer the question, we studied the endogenous production of (1)O(2) in preparations of the five-chlorophyll PSII RC (RC5) containing only one β-carotene molecule. The temporal profile of (1)O(2) emission at 1270 nm photogenerated by RC5 in D(2)O followed the expected biexponential behavior, with a rise time, unaffected by Trolox, of 13 ± 1 μs and decay times of 54 ± 2 μs (without Trolox) and 38 ± 2 μs (in the presence of 25 μM Trolox). The ratio between the total (k(t)) and chemical (k(r)) bimolecular rate constants for the scavenging of (1)O(2) by Trolox in aqueous buffer was calculated to be ~1.3, with a k(t) of (2.4 ± 0.2) × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) and a k(r) of (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), indicating that most of the (1)O(2) photosensitized by methylene blue chemically reacts with Trolox in the assay buffer. The photoinduced oxygen consumption in the oxygen electrode, when RC5 and Trolox were mixed, revealed that Trolox was a better (1)O(2) scavenger than histidine and furfuryl alcohol at low concentrations (i.e., <1 mM). After its incorporation into detergent micelles in unbuffered solutions, Trolox was able to photoprotect the surface-exposed regions of the D1-D2 heterodimer, but not the RC5 pigments, which were oxidized, together with the membrane region of the protein matrix of the PSII RC, by (1)O(2). These results are discussed and compared with those of studies dealing with the physiological role of tocopherol molecules as a (1)O(2) scavenger in thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Arellano
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Salamanca, Apdo. 257, 37071 Salamanca, Spain. juan.arellano@irnasa
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Jarvi MT, Niedre MJ, Patterson MS, Wilson BC. The Influence of Oxygen Depletion and Photosensitizer Triplet-state Dynamics During Photodynamic Therapy on Accurate Singlet Oxygen Luminescence Monitoring and Analysis of Treatment Dose Response. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 87:223-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baruah A, Simková K, Apel K, Laloi C. Arabidopsis mutants reveal multiple singlet oxygen signaling pathways involved in stress response and development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:547-63. [PMID: 19449151 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the release of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in chloroplasts drastic changes in nuclear gene expression occur in the conditional flu mutant of Arabidopsis that reveal a rapid transfer of signals from the plastid to the nucleus. Factors involved in this retrograde signaling were identified by mutagenizing a transgenic flu line expressing a (1)O(2)-responsive reporter gene. The reporter gene consisted of the luciferase open reading frame and the promoter of an AAA-ATPase gene (At3g28580) that was selectively activated by (1)O(2) but not by superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. A total of eight second-site mutants were identified that either constitutively activate the reporter gene and the endogenous AAA-ATPase irrespectively of whether (1)O(2) was generated or not (constitutive activators of AAA-ATPase, caa) or abrogated the (1)O(2)-dependent up-regulation of these genes as seen in the transgenic parental flu line (non-activators of AAA-ATPase, naa). The characterization of the mutants strongly suggests that (1)O(2)-signaling does not operate as an isolated linear pathway but rather forms an integral part of a signaling network that is modified by other signaling routes and impacts not only stress responses of plants but also their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Baruah
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bilski PJ, Risek B, Chignell CF, Schrader WT. Photocytotoxicity of the fluorescent nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand TDPQ. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1225-32. [PMID: 19496989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridono[5,6-g]quinoline (TDPQ), a selective nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) ligand, is a fluorescent compound. We characterized its spectral properties in comparison with the structural precursor carbostyril 151 (C151) and with its racemic structural isomer 4-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridino[5,6-g]quinoline (ETPQ). The absorption maximum in CH3CN of either TDPQ or ETPQ is 400 nm whereas that of C151 is 350 nm. The fluorescence lifetimes (tau) and quantum yields (phif) in CH3CN are typical of fluorescent dyes: TDPQ (4.2 ns, 0.8) and ETPQ (4.6 ns, 0.76). C151 showed lower tau and phif of 0.2 ns and 0.02, respectively. TDPQ can function as a fluorescent label at (sub)micromolar concentrations. We detected TDPQ fluorescence in human breast tumor cells using confocal microscopy. While the fluorescence maxima of the compounds were solvent insensitive, the phif for ETPQ decreased in aqueous solutions regardless of the presence of albumin or DNA. The phif of TDPQ was less affected. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitization (phiso) by TDPQ and ETPQ was about 7% in CH3CN, sufficient to induce photocytotoxicity. TDPQ was photocytotoxic in AR-positive MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells but not in AR-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination of AR selectivity with photocytotoxicity makes TDPQ a promising candidate for selective targeting of AR-positive cells during photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J Bilski
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Foyer CH, Noctor G. Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: signaling, acclimation, and practical implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:861-905. [PMID: 19239350 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have multifaceted roles in the orchestration of plant gene expression and gene-product regulation. Cellular redox homeostasis is considered to be an "integrator" of information from metabolism and the environment controlling plant growth and acclimation responses, as well as cell suicide events. The different ROS forms influence gene expression in specific and sometimes antagonistic ways. Low molecular antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione) serve not only to limit the lifetime of the ROS signals but also to participate in an extensive range of other redox signaling and regulatory functions. In contrast to the low molecular weight antioxidants, the "redox" states of components involved in photosynthesis such as plastoquinone show rapid and often transient shifts in response to changes in light and other environmental signals. Whereas both types of "redox regulation" are intimately linked through the thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, and pyridine nucleotide pools, they also act independently of each other to achieve overall energy balance between energy-producing and energy-utilizing pathways. This review focuses on current knowledge of the pathways of redox regulation, with discussion of the somewhat juxtaposed hypotheses of "oxidative damage" versus "oxidative signaling," within the wider context of physiological function, from plant cell biology to potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Agriculture Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Latifi
- Aix-Marseille Université and Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-UPR9043, Marseille, France.
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Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Lukasik M, Pawlak A, Wielgus A, Niziolek-Kierecka M, Sarna T. Peroxidation of lipids in liposomal membranes of different composition photosensitized by chlorpromazine. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:241-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b809887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fernández AP, Strand A. Retrograde signaling and plant stress: plastid signals initiate cellular stress responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 11:509-13. [PMID: 18639482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde signaling coordinates the expression of nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins with the metabolic and developmental state of the organelle. These plastid signals are essential not only for coordinating photosynthetic gene expression in both the nucleus and in the chloroplasts but also for mediating plant stress responses. The chloroplasts therefore act as sensors of environmental changes and complex networks of plastid signals coordinate cellular activities and assist the cell during plant stress responses. Recent work suggests that information from both cytosolic-signaling and plastid-signaling networks must be integrated for the plant cell to respond optimally to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Piñas Fernández
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Jacobson K, Rajfur Z, Vitriol E, Hahn K. Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation in cell biology. Trends Cell Biol 2008; 18:443-50. [PMID: 18706812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI) is a technique whereby engineered proteins and dye molecules that produce substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species upon absorption of light are used to perturb biological systems in a spatially and temporally defined manner. CALI is an important complement to conventional genetic and pharmacological manipulations. In this review, we examine the applications of CALI to cell biology and discuss the underlying photochemical mechanisms that mediate this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Jacobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, USA.
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