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Jambor T, Knizatova N, Greifova H, Kovacik A, Lukac N. Toxicity of bisphenol A and its replacements in the mice Leydig cells in vitro. Physiol Res 2023; 72:71-86. [PMID: 36545881 PMCID: PMC10069807 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the potential impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues BPB, BPF, and BPS on mice TM3 Leydig cells, with respect to basal cell viability parameters such as metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and lysosomal activity after 48-h exposure. In addition, monitoring of potential bisphenol´s actions included evaluation of ROS production and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) complemented by determination of testosterone secretion. Obtained results revealed significant inhibition in mitochondrial activity started at 10 microg/ml of bisphenols after 48-h exposure. Cell membrane integrity was significantly decreased at 5 microg/ml of BPA and BPF and 10, 25, and 50 microg/ml of BPA and BPS. The lysosomal activity was significantly affected at 10, 25, and 50 microg/ml of applied bisphenols. A significant overproduction of ROS was recorded mainly at 5 and 10 microg/ml of tested compounds. In addition, significant inhibition of GJIC was observed at 5 microg/ml of BPB followed by a progressive decline at higher applied doses. In the case of testosterone production, a significant decline was confirmed at 10, 25 and 50 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jambor
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Gavanji S, Bakhtari A, Famurewa AC, Othman EM. Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201098. [PMID: 36595710 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, human beings have sought natural medications for treatment of various diseases. Weighty evidence demonstrates the use of chemical methodologies for sensitive evaluation of cytotoxic potentials of herbal agents. However, due to the ubiquitous use of cytotoxicity methods, there is a need for providing updated guidance for the design and development of in vitro assessment. The aim of this review is to provide practical guidance on common cell-based assays for suitable assessment of cytotoxicity potential of herbal medicines and discussing their advantages and disadvantages Relevant articles in authentic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID, from 1950 to 2022 were collected according to selection criteria of in vitro cytotoxicity assays and protocols. In addition, the link between cytotoxicity assay selection and different factors such as the drug solvent, concentration and exposure duration were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7133654361, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, PMB 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Jambor T, Zajickova T, Arvay J, Ivanisova E, Tirdilova I, Knizatova N, Greifova H, Kovacik A, Galova E, Lukac N. Exceptional Properties of Lepidium sativum L. Extract and Its Impact on Cell Viability, Ros Production, Steroidogenesis, and Intracellular Communication in Mice Leydig Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165127. [PMID: 36014360 PMCID: PMC9412889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of reproductive dysfunction in males has risen in the last few years, and alternative therapies are gradually gaining in popularity. Our in vitro study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of Lepidium sativum L. on mice TM3 Leydig cells, concerning basal parameters such as cell viability, cell membrane integrity, and lysosomal activity, after 24 h and 48 h exposure. Moreover, reactive oxygens species generation, sex-steroid hormone secretion, and intercellular communication were quantified. In the present study, the microgreen extract from Lepidium was rich in ferulic acid, 4-OH benzoic acid, and resveratrol, with a significant antioxidant activity. The results showed that lower experimental doses (62.5–250 µg/mL) could positively affect the observed parameters, with significant differences at 250 µg/mL after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Potential risks could be associated with higher concentrations, starting at 500 µg/mL, 1000 µg/mL, and 2000 µg/mL of Lepidium. Nevertheless, biochemical quantification indicated a significant antioxidant potential and a rich content of biologically active molecules at the applied doses, and time determined the intracellular response of the cultured model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jambor
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-037-641-4925
| | - Terezia Zajickova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Julius Arvay
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Ivanisova
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Tirdilova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Department of Food Technology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Knizatova
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Greifova
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kovacik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eliska Galova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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Ortiz-Severín J, Tandberg JI, Winther-Larsen HC, Chávez FP, Cambiazo V. Comparative Analysis of Salmon Cell Lines and Zebrafish Primary Cell Cultures Infection with the Fish Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122516. [PMID: 34946119 PMCID: PMC8706985 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiologic agent of piscirickettsiosis, a disease that causes significant losses in the salmon farming industry. In order to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of P. salmonis, appropriate molecular and cellular studies in multiple cell lines with different origins need to be conducted. Toward that end, we established a cell viability assay that is suitable for high-throughput analysis using the alamarBlue reagent to follow the distinct stages of the bacterial infection cycle. Changes in host cell viability can be easily detected using either an absorbance- or fluorescence-based plate reader. Our method accurately tracked the infection cycle across two different Atlantic salmon-derived cell lines, with macrophage and epithelial cell properties, and zebrafish primary cell cultures. Analyses were also carried out to quantify intracellular bacterial replication in combination with fluorescence microscopy to visualize P. salmonis and cellular structures in fixed cells. In addition, dual gene expression analysis showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα were upregulated, while the cytokines IL1b and IFNγ were downregulated in the three cell culture types. The expression of the P. salmonis metal uptake and heme acquisition genes, together with the toxin and effector genes ospD3, ymt, pipB2 and pepO, were upregulated at the early and late stages of infection regardless of the cell culture type. On the other hand, Dot/Icm secretion system genes as well as stationary state and nutrient scarcity-related genes were upregulated only at the late stage of P. salmonis intracellular infection. We propose that these genes encoding putative P. salmonis virulence factors and immune-related proteins could be suitable biomarkers of P. salmonis infection. The infection protocol and cell viability assay described here provide a reliable method to compare the molecular and cellular changes induced by P. salmonis in other cell lines and has the potential to be used for high-throughput screenings of novel antimicrobials targeting this important fish intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Ortiz-Severín
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (J.O.-S.); (F.P.C.)
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830489, Chile
- Center of Integrative Microbiology and Evolution, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (J.I.T.); (H.C.W.-L.)
| | - Julia I. Tandberg
- Center of Integrative Microbiology and Evolution, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (J.I.T.); (H.C.W.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne C. Winther-Larsen
- Center of Integrative Microbiology and Evolution, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (J.I.T.); (H.C.W.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Francisco P. Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (J.O.-S.); (F.P.C.)
| | - Verónica Cambiazo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830489, Chile
- Fondap Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Péter B, Boldizsár I, Kovács GM, Erdei A, Bajtay Z, Vörös A, Ramsden JJ, Szabó I, Bősze S, Horvath R. Natural Compounds as Target Biomolecules in Cellular Adhesion and Migration: From Biomolecular Stimulation to Label-Free Discovery and Bioactivity-Based Isolation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1781. [PMID: 34944597 PMCID: PMC8698624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi can be used for medical applications because of their accumulation of special bioactive metabolites. These substances might be beneficial to human health, exerting also anti-inflammatory and anticancer (antiproliferative) effects. We propose that they are mediated by influencing cellular adhesion and migration via various signaling pathways and by directly inactivating key cell adhesion surface receptor sites. The evidence for this proposition is reviewed (by summarizing the natural metabolites and their effects influencing cellular adhesion and migration), along with the classical measuring techniques used to gain such evidence. We systematize existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms of how natural metabolites affect adhesion and movement, and their role in gene expression as well. We conclude by highlighting the possibilities to screen natural compounds faster and more easily by applying new label-free methods, which also enable a far greater degree of quantification than the conventional methods used hitherto. We have systematically classified recent studies regarding the effects of natural compounds on cellular adhesion and movement, characterizing the active substances according to their organismal origin (plants, animals or fungi). Finally, we also summarize the results of recent studies and experiments on SARS-CoV-2 treatments by natural extracts affecting mainly the adhesion and entry of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK;
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
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Fanali LZ, De Oliveira C, Sturve J. Enzymatic, morphological, and genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53926-53935. [PMID: 34036510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish have defense systems that are capable of repairing damages caused by xenobiotics like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), so the aims of this study were to identify BaP toxicity in melanomacrophages (MMs) cytoskeleton, evaluate the melanin area in MMs, and analyze genotoxicity. Rainbow trout juveniles (n = 24) were split in 48h and 7d treatments that received 2 mg/kg of BaP. After the experiment, blood samples were collected and liver was removed, to proceed with the analysis: EROD activity, MMs melanin area quantification, melanosomes movements, and a genotoxicity test. The results revealed increased in EROD activity after 48-h and 7-day BaP exposure. The group 7d displayed a reduction in MMs pigmented area, melanosomes aggregation, in addition to an increased frequency of micronucleus. By means of the EROD assay, it was possible to confirm the activation of BaP biotransformation system. The impairment of the melanosomes' movements possibly by an inactivation of the protein responsible for the pigment dispersion consequently affects the melanin area and thus might negatively impact the MMs detoxification capacity. In addition to this cytotoxicity, the increased frequency of micronucleus might also indicate the genotoxicity of BaP in this important fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Zácari Fanali
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Nagata J, Mushirobira Y, Nishimiya O, Yamaguchi Y, Fujita T, Hiramatsu N, Hara A, Todo T. Hepatic estrogen-responsive genes relating to oogenesis in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki): The transcriptional induction in primary cultured hepatocytes and the in vitro promoter transactivation in responses to estradiol-17β. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113812. [PMID: 33992640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol-17β (E2) regulates transcription of estrogen-responsive genes via estrogen receptors (Esr). In many teleost species, choriogenin (chg), vitellogenin (vtg) and esr genes are transactivated by E2 in the liver. This study aimed i) to compare expression properties of all subtypes of these genes (chg: chgHα, chgHβ, chgL; vtg: vtgAs, vtgC; esr: esr1a, esr1b, esr2a, esr2b) in response to estrogen stimulation, and ii) to confirm how each of four Esr subtypes is involved in the transcriptional regulation of these estrogen-responsive genes in cutthroat trout hepatocytes. In hepatocytes in primary culture, all chg and vtg subtype mRNA levels, and those of esr1a, were increased by E2 treatment (10-6 M) at 24 and 72 h post initiation (hpi), but esr1b, esr2a and esr2b mRNA levels were not. Treatment of hepatocytes with various concentrations of E2 (10-11-10-6 M) induced dose-dependent increases in the levels of all chg and vtg subtype mRNAs at 24 and 72 hpi. At both time points, the lowest dose that induced a significant increase in the expression levels of mRNAs (LOEC) for E2 differed among the genes; LOECs were estimated as 10-11 M for chgHα at 24 hpi, as 10-9 M for vtgC at 72 hpi, and as 10-10 M for other mRNAs at both 24 and 72 hpi. Meanwhile, the levels of esr1a mRNA exhibited a dose-dependent increase at 24 and 72 hpi, but the LOEC shifted from 10-9 M at 24 hpi to 10-7 M at 72 hpi because of a decrease in mRNA levels at treatment groups exposed to high concentrations of E2. All Esr subtypes transactivated chg, vtg and esr1a promoters in the presence of E2 in vitro. The activation levels indicated that promoter activity of chgHα ≥ vtgAs > chgHβ > chgL ≥ vtgC ≥ esr1a when mediated by Esr1a, chgHβ > chgHα > chgHL > vtgAs ≥ vtgC ≥ esr1a by Esr1b, chgHβ ≥ chgL > chgHα ≥ vtgAs > vtgC > esr1a by Esr2a, and chgHβ ≥ chgHα ≥ vtgAs > chgL ≥ vtgC > esr1a by Esr2b. Collectively, different Esr subtypes were distinctly different in their ability to transactivate estrogen-responsive target genes, resulting in differential expression of chg, vtg and esr1a genes in the estrogen-exposed hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nagata
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yuji Mushirobira
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimiya
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, 25-1 Uchidomari, Ainan, Ehime 798-4206, Japan
| | - You Yamaguchi
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fujita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology, 88-1 Obiraki, Myo, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-8501, Japan
| | - Naoshi Hiramatsu
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hara
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Todo
- Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
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Jambor T, Arvay J, Tvrda E, Kovacik A, Greifova H, Lukac N. The effect of Apium graveolens L., Levisticum officinale and Calendula officinalis L. on cell viability, membrane integrity, steroidogenesis, and intercellular communication in mice Leydig cells in vitro. Physiol Res 2021; 70:615-625. [PMID: 34062080 PMCID: PMC8820550 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plants have the potential to protect essential reproductive processes such as spermatogenesis or steroidogenesis, however, effective concentrations and main mechanisms of action are still unknown. This in vitro study was aimed to assess the effects of Apium graveolens L., Levisticum officinale, and Calendula officinalis L. extracts on the structural integrity, functional activity and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in mice Leydig cells. TM3 cells were grown in the presence of experimental extracts (37.5; 75; 150 and 300 µg/ml) for 24 h. For the present study, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to quantify flavonoids or phenolic acids. Subsequently, Leydig cell viability was assessed by alamarBlue assay, while the cell membrane integrity was detected by 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate-acetoxymethyl ester. The level of steroid hormones production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, GJIC was assessed by scalpel loading/dye transfer assay. According to our results, Apium graveolens L. significantly increased the viability and cell membrane integrity at 75 µg/ml (109.0±4.3%) followed by a decline at 300 µg/ml (89.4±2.3%). In case of Levisticum officinale and Calendula officinalis L. was observed significant decrease at 150 µg/ml (88.8±11.66%; 87.4±6.0%) and 300 µg/ml (86.2±9.3%; 84.1±4.6%). Furthermore, Apium graveolens L. significantly increased the progesterone and testosterone production (75 and 150 µg/ml) however, Levisticum officinale and Calendula officinalis L. significantly reduced steroid hormones synthesis at 150 and 300 µg/ml. Finally, the disturbance of GJIC was significantly affected at 300 µg/ml of Levisticum officinale (82.5±7.7%) and Calendula officinalis L. (79.8±7.0%). The balanced concentration ratio may support the Leydig cell function, steroidogenesis as well as all essential parameters that may significantly improve reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jambor
- BioFood Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Routti H, Harju M, Lühmann K, Aars J, Ask A, Goksøyr A, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C. Concentrations and endocrine disruptive potential of phthalates in marine mammals from the Norwegian Arctic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106458. [PMID: 33677245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated concentrations of phthalates (diesters of phthalic acids) in blubber/adipose tissue of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled in the Svalbard Archipelago (extending westward in the case of bowhead whales). Additionally, total concentrations (free and conjugated forms) of eight phthalate monoester metabolites were analysed in plasma of polar bears. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the only phthalate quantified among the 12 phthalates investigated. This compound was present in 6/7 fin whale samples, 4/7 blue whale samples, 2/5 bowhead whale samples and 1/12 polar bear samples. DEHP concentrations ranged from <20-398 ng/g wet weight. Phthalate metabolites, mono-n-butyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, were found in low concentrations (<1.2 ng/mL) in some of the polar bear samples. In vitro reporter gene assays were used to assess transcriptional activity of fin whale peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) by DEHP and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP). Due to the high degree of similarity of the ligand binding domain in the THRB and PPARG among whales, polar bears and humans, the transactivation results also apply for these species. DEHP showed both agonistic and antagonistic effects towards whale THRB at considerably higher concentrations than measured in the study animals; DiNP was a weak agonist of whale THRB. No significant agonistic or antagonistic effects were detected for DEHP or DiNP for whale PPARG, whereas DEHP and DiNP decreased basal luciferase activity mediated by whale GR at several test concentrations. In conclusion, DEHP was detected in the blubber of marine mammals from the Norwegian Arctic and it appears to have potential to modulate the transcriptional activity of whale THRB, but current DEHP concentrations do not modulate the function of the studied nuclear receptors in adipose tissue of blue whales, fin whales, bowhead whales or polar bears sampled from the Norwegian Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jon Aars
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Amalie Ask
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- University of Bergen, Department of Biological Sciences, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Adil N, Ali H, Siddiqui AJ, Ali A, Ahmed A, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of areca nut and its commercial products on normal human gingival fibroblast and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123872. [PMID: 33264944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of areca nut products is the most common cause of oral cancers, particularly in South Asian countries. This study evaluates the cytotoxic and necrotizing effects of areca nut and its formulations on normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, CAL-27) cell lines. Identification of various carcinogens and adulterants using LC-HR-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed in the extracts of areca nut and its products. Apart from alkaloids and flavonoids, a major adulterant, saccharin was found in all the samples of chalia (one of the most common chewing products of areca nut) in the ranges between 1.697-7.170 mg/g of the sample. Cytotoxic studies showed that most of the areca nut products were found cytotoxic to HGF-1 cells while being relatively non-cytotoxic against CAL-27 cells, rather they promote the growth of cancer cells. Our findings revealed that the components of areca nut and its products were injurious to HGF-1 cells and caused necrosis, which may attenuate HGF-1 protection toward oral epithelial cells. Moreover, the non-cytotoxic effect of these products on cancer cell lines suggests further predisposal of the habitual chewers for developing oral carcinomas. This study will give a better understanding of the hazardous effects of areca nut products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmeen Adil
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, Uppsala, SE-75 124, Sweden; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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11
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Ibrahim M, Oldham D, Minghetti M. Role of metal speciation in the exposure medium on the toxicity, bioavailability and bio-reactivity of copper, silver, cadmium and zinc in the rainbow trout gut cell line (RTgutGC). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108816. [PMID: 32502601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal speciation on metal bioavailability, bio-reactivity and toxicity at the fish intestine is poorly understood. To investigate these processes, we used an in vitro model of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine, the RTgutGC cell line. Cells were exposed to two essential metals (copper and zinc) and two non-essential metals (cadmium and silver) in a medium of well-defined composition, which allowed the determination of metal speciation in solution. Concentrations resulting in a 50% cell viability reduction (EC50) were measured using a viability assay based on two endpoints: metabolic activity and membrane integrity. Metal bioavailability and bio-reactivity was studied at non-toxic (300 nM all metals) and toxic (EC10; Ag-0.6, Cu-0.9, Cd-3, and Zn-9 μM) concentrations. Bioavailability (i.e. intracellular metal accumulation) was determined by ICP-MS, while bio-reactivity (i.e. induction of a metal specific transcriptional response) was determined by measuring the mRNA levels of a known biomarker of metal exposure (i.e. metallothionein) and of copper and zinc transporters (i.e. ATP7A and ZnT1). Dominant metal species in the exposure medium were Zn2+, CuHPO4, CdCl+, and AgCl2- respectively for Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ag. The EC50s showed the metal toxicity hierarchy: Ag > Cu > Cd > Zn. In RTgutGC cells, essential metal homeostasis was tightly regulated while non-essential metals accumulated more readily. Non-essential metals were also more bio-reactive inducing higher MT and ZnT1 mRNA levels. Taken together these findings indicate that metal toxicity in RTgutGC cannot solely be explained by extracellular metal speciation but requires the evaluation of metal bioavailability and bio-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dean Oldham
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matteo Minghetti
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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12
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Kamiloglu S, Sari G, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Guidelines for cell viability assays. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kamiloglu
- Mevsim Gida Sanayi ve Soguk Depo Ticaret A.S. (MVSM Foods) Bursa Turkey
| | - Gulce Sari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Tugba Ozdal
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Istanbul Okan University Tuzla Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Turkey
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13
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Jambor T, Arvay J, Ivanisova E, Tvrda E, Kovacik A, Greifova H, Lukac N. Investigation of the Properties and Effects of Salvia Officinalis L. on the Viability, Steroidogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in TM3 Leydig Cells in Vitro. Physiol Res 2020; 69:661-673. [PMID: 32584137 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to reveal the in vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L. (37.5, 75, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 600 µg/ml) extract on the TM3 Leydig cell viability, membrane integrity, steroidogenesis and reactive oxygen species production after 24 h and 48 h cultivation. For the present study, the extract prepared from Salvia officinalis L. leaves was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for selected flavonoids and phenolic acids followed by a determination of its free radicals scavenging activity (DPPH). Furthermore, Leydig cell viability was assessed by the mitochondrial toxicity assay (MTT), while the membrane integrity was evaluated by 5- carboxyfluorescein diacetate-acetoxymethyl ester (5-CFDA-AM). The level of steroid hormones was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the culture media, while the superoxide radical generation was measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) assay. The results show that experimental concentrations did not damage the cell membrane integrity and viability when present at below 300 µg/ml, it was only at 600 µg/ml that a significant (P<0.05) cell viability decline was observed after a 48 h cultivation. A significant (P<0.05) stimulation of testosterone secretion was recorded at 250 µg/ml for 24 h, while the prolonged cultivation time significantly (P<0.05) increased the testosterone and progesterone production at 150, 200, 250 and 300 µg/ml. Furthermore, none of the selected doses exhibited significant ROS-promoting effects however, the highest dose of Salvia initiated the free radical scavenging activity in cultured mice Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jambor
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, itra, Slovak Republic.
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14
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Naphthalimide-based macrophage nucleus imaging probes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lühmann K, Lille-Langøy R, Øygarden L, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Goksøyr A, Routti H. Environmental Pollutants Modulate Transcriptional Activity of Nuclear Receptors of Whales In Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5629-5639. [PMID: 32212695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the transcriptional activity of fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and thyroid hormone receptor β (THRB), when exposed to 14 persistent organic pollutants (so-called "legacy" persistent organic pollutants (POPs)) and a synthetic mixture of POPs, using GAL4-UAS-based in vitro luciferase reporter gene assays. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had both agonistic and antagonistic effects on PPARG and GR, and mainly antagonistic, except for PCB153, effects on THRB. 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites had mainly antagonistic effects on all of the receptors, except for o,p'-DDT. Given that the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARG is the same in killer whales, white whales, polar bears, and humans, and that GR-LBD is identical in killer whales and minke whales and that the LBD of THRB is the same in killer whales, white whales, and humans, it is likely that the results of this study are representative for these other species as well. It is important to note that several environmental pollutants modulated the transcriptional activity of tested nuclear receptors at environmentally relevant concentrations for whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lühmann
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz 76829, Germany
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
| | | | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway
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16
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Liposomal Lapatinib in Combination with Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Glioma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122214. [PMID: 31847378 PMCID: PMC6947404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are highly invasive and extremely difficult to treat tumours with poor prognosis and outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mediated by Gleolan®, has been studied previously with partial success in treating these tumours and extending lifetime. We aim to determine whether combining PDT using ALA-protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) with a liposomal formulation of the clinical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, lapatinib, would increase the anti-tumour PDT efficacy. METHODS Lapatinib was given in vitro and in vivo 24 h prior to PDT and for 3-5 days following PDT to elicit whether the combination provided any benefits to PDT therapy. Live-cell imaging, in vitro PDT, and in vivo studies were performed to elucidate the effect lapatinib had on PDT for a variety of glioma cell lines and as well as GSC-30 neurospheres in vivo. RESULTS PDT combined with lapatinib led to a significant increase in PpIX accumulation, and reductions in the LD50 of PpIX mediated PDT in two EGFR-driven cell lines, U87 and U87vIII, tested (p < 0.05). PDT + lapatinib elicited stronger MRI-quantified glioma responses following PDT for two human glioma-derived tumours (U87 and GSC-30) in vivo (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PDT leads to enhanced survival in rats following treatment with lapatinib compared to lapatinib alone and PDT alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As lapatinib is approved for other oncological indications, a realization of its potential combination with PDT and in fluorescence-guided resection could be readily tested clinically. Furthermore, as its use would only be in acute settings, long-term resistance should not pose an issue as compared to its use as monotherapy.
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17
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Akentieva NP, Sanina NA, Gizatullin AR, Shkondina NI, Prikhodchenko TR, Shram SI, Zhelev N, Aldoshin SM. Cytoprotective Effects of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes on Viability of Human Fibroblasts and Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1277. [PMID: 31780929 PMCID: PMC6859909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that plays a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) generating NO are widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the involvement of DNICs in the metabolic processes of the cell, their protective properties in doxorubicin-induced toxicity remain to be clarified. Here, we found that novel class of mononuclear DNICs with functional sulfur-containing ligands enhanced the cell viability of human lung fibroblasts and rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, DNICs demonstrated remarkable protection against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in fibroblasts and in rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells). Data revealed that the DNICs compounds modulate the mitochondria function by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Results of flow cytometry showed that DNICs were not affected the proliferation, growth of fibroblasts. In addition, this study showed that DNICs did not affect glutathione levels and the formation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Moreover, results indicated that DNICs maintained the ATP equilibrium in cells. Taken together, these findings show that DNICs have protective properties in vitro. It was further suggested that DNICs may be uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and protective mechanism is mainly provided by the leakage of excess charge through the mitochondrial membrane. It is assumed that the DNICs have the therapeutic potential for treating cardiovascular diseases and for decreasing of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pavlovna Akentieva
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cellular Studies, Department of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Laboratory of Toxicology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Moscow State Regional University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Natalia Alekseevna Sanina
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Department of Structure of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Faculty of fundamental physical and chemical engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artur Rasimovich Gizatullin
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cellular Studies, Department of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Natalia Ivanovna Shkondina
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cellular Studies, Department of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Tatyana Romanovna Prikhodchenko
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cellular Studies, Department of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Stanislav Ivanovich Shram
- Neuropharmacology Sector, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sergei Michailovich Aldoshin
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Department of Structure of Matter, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Faculty of fundamental physical and chemical engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Akentieva NP, Sanina NA, Prichodchenko TR, Gizatullin AR, Shkondina NI, Shushanov SS, Stupina TS, Aldoshin SM. Anticancer Activity of Dinitrosyl Iron Complex (NO Donor) on the Multiple Myeloma Cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 486:238-242. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Attenuated Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Damage in Neural Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5962014. [PMID: 31355271 PMCID: PMC6637717 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5962014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species plays a central role in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades attenuates the oxidative induced cell stress and behaves as potential neuroprotection agent. Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluate hydrogen peroxide induced neural cell stress and determine how different MAPK inhibitors restore the cell damage. Results The results indicated that oxidative stress induced by neural cell damage commonly exists, and MAPK inhibitors partially and selectively attenuated the cell damage by reducing ROS production and cell apoptosis. The cultured neurons are more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide than subculture cells. Conclusion We conclude that the essential role of different MAPK inhibitors is to attenuate the hydrogen peroxide induced neuronal cell damage. Those data broaden the implication between individual neural cells and different MAPK inhibitors and give clues for oxidative stress induced neural diseases.
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20
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Munegowda MA, Fisher C, Molehuis D, Foltz W, Roufaiel M, Bassan J, Nitz M, Mandel A, Lilge L. Efficacy of ruthenium coordination complex-based Rutherrin in a preclinical rat glioblastoma model. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz006. [PMID: 32642649 PMCID: PMC7212850 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer in adults with a grave prognosis, aggressive radio and chemotherapy provide only a 15 months median survival. Methods We evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of the Ruthenium-based photosensitizer TLD-1433 with apo-Transferrin (Rutherrin) in the rat glioma 2 (RG-2) model. The specific tumor uptake ratio and photodynamic therapy (PDT) threshold of the rat glioblastoma and normal brain were determined, survival and CD8+T-cell infiltration post-therapy were analyzed. Results were compared with those obtained for 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-mediated photodynamic therapy in the same animal model. As both photosensitizers have different photophysical properties, the number of absorbed photons required to achieve an equal cell kill was determined for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results A significantly lower absorbed energy was sufficient to achieve LD50 with Rutherrin versus PpIX-mediated PDT. Rutherrin provides a higher specific uptake ratio (SUR) >20 in tumors versus normal brain, whereas the SUR for ALA-induced PpIX was 10.6. To evaluate the short-term tissue response in vivo, enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided the spatial extent of edema, post PpIX-PDT at twice the cross-section versus Rutherrin-PDT suggesting reduced nonspecific damage, typically associated with a secondary wave of neuronal damage. Following a single therapy, a significant survival increase was observed in rats bearing glioma for PDT mediated by Rutherrin versus PpIX for the selected treatment conditions. Rutherrin-PDT also demonstrated an increased CD8+T-cell infiltration in the tumors. Conclusion Rutherrin-PDT was well tolerated providing a safe and effective treatment of RG-2 glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Fisher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Molehuis
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Foltz
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Roufaiel
- Theralase Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arkady Mandel
- Theralase Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Schug H, Yue Y, Krese R, Fischer S, Kortner TM, Schirmer K. Time- and concentration-dependent expression of immune and barrier genes in the RTgutGC fish intestinal model following immune stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:308-317. [PMID: 30844464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fish intestine comprises an important environment-organism interface that is vital to fish growth, health and pathogen defense. Yet, knowledge about the physiology and defense mechanisms toward environmental stressors, such as bacterial or viral cues, is limited and depends largely on in vivo experiments with fish. On this background, we here explore the immune competence of a recently established in vitro intestinal barrier model based on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal epithelial cell line, RTgutGC. We demonstrate that the RTgutGC cell barrier reacts to two immune stimuli, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and the viral Poly(I:C), by regulating the mRNA abundance of selected genes in a partly time- and concentration dependent manner. The immune stimuli activated the Myd88-and Ticam-dependent signalling cascades, which resulted in downstream activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon, comparable to the regulatory patterns known from in vivo. Stimuli exposure furthermore influenced the regulation of epithelial barrier markers and resulted in slightly impaired barrier functionality after long-term exposure to LPS. Collectively, we provide proof of the usefulness of this unique cell culture model to further gain basic understanding of the fish innate immune system and to apply it in various fields, such as fish feed development and fish health in aquaculture or the evaluation of immuno-toxicity of chemical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schug
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rok Krese
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; aQuaTox-Solutions, 8304, Wallisellen, Switzerland
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Gizatullin AR, Akentieva NP, Sanina NA, Shmatko NY, Goryachev NS, Shkondina NI, Prichodchenko TR, Zhelev N, Aldoshin SM. Effect of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (NO Donors) on the Metabolic Processes in Human Fibroblasts. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 483:337-340. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Wang H, Xu X, Nguyen CM, Liu Y, Gao Y, Lin X, Daley T, Kipniss NH, La Russa M, Qi LS. CRISPR-Mediated Programmable 3D Genome Positioning and Nuclear Organization. Cell 2018; 175:1405-1417.e14. [PMID: 30318144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmable control of spatial genome organization is a powerful approach for studying how nuclear structure affects gene regulation and cellular function. Here, we develop a versatile CRISPR-genome organization (CRISPR-GO) system that can efficiently control the spatial positioning of genomic loci relative to specific nuclear compartments, including the nuclear periphery, Cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. CRISPR-GO is chemically inducible and reversible, enabling interrogation of real-time dynamics of chromatin interactions with nuclear compartments in living cells. Inducible repositioning of genomic loci to the nuclear periphery allows for dissection of mitosis-dependent and -independent relocalization events and also for interrogation of the relationship between gene position and gene expression. CRISPR-GO mediates rapid de novo formation of Cajal bodies at desired chromatin loci and causes significant repression of endogenous gene expression over long distances (30-600 kb). The CRISPR-GO system offers a programmable platform to investigate large-scale spatial genome organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cindy M Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueqiu Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy Daley
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nathan H Kipniss
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marie La Russa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Yazdani M. Comparative toxicity of selected PAHs in rainbow trout hepatocytes: genotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:71-78. [PMID: 30246564 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, which may have potentially toxic effects on organisms. In this study occurrence of DNA strand breaks, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity were investigated in rainbow trout hepatocytes following in vitro exposure for 24 h to four PAHs (0.01-10 µM): naphthalene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The exposed hepatocytes were analyzed for DNA strand breaks using the comet assay and for antioxidant status by measuring intracellular glutathione (GSH) content using the fluorescent probe mBCl. The cytotoxicity of PAHs was assessed using the fluorescent probe CFDA-AM. The results showed that fluoranthene, pyrene, and B[a]P were genotoxic at all exposure concentrations, whereas naphthalene was genotoxic at concentrations ≥0.1 µM. All treatments reduced the intracellular concentrations of GSH for all four PAHs, except 10 µM of B[a]P, suggesting that some level of oxidative stress was present. The cytotoxic effect was observed for naphthalene at concentrations ≥0.1 µM and pyrene at all exposure concentrations, whereas fluoranthene and B[a]P were not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. The study shows that low-molecular-weight PAHs may cause DNA strand breaks as high-molecular-weight PAHs do in fish tissue. In addition, two- to five-ring PAHs can induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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Ho CFY, Ismail NB, Koh JKZ, Gunaseelan S, Low YH, Ng YK, Chua JJE, Ong WY. Localisation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 2 in the Rat Central Nervous System and Its Role in Axonal and Dendritic Outgrowth. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1587-1598. [PMID: 29948727 PMCID: PMC6061218 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) released by the action of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) on membrane phospholipids may be metabolized by lipoxygenases to the anti-inflammatory mediators lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvin D1 (RvD1), and these can bind to a common receptor, formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). The contribution of this receptor to axonal or dendritic outgrowth is unknown. The present study was carried out to elucidate the distribution of FPR2 in the rat CNS and its role in outgrowth of neuronal processes. FPR2 mRNA expression was greatest in the brainstem, followed by the spinal cord, thalamus/hypothalamus, cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum. The brainstem and spinal cord also contained high levels of FPR2 protein. The cerebral neocortex was moderately immunolabelled for FPR2, with staining mostly present as puncta in the neuropil. Dentate granule neurons and their axons (mossy fibres) in the hippocampus were very densely labelled. The cerebellar cortex was lightly stained, but the deep cerebellar nuclei, inferior olivary nucleus, vestibular nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus and dorsal horn of the spinal cord were densely labelled. Electron microscopy of the prefrontal cortex showed FPR2 immunolabel mostly in immature axon terminals or ‘pre-terminals’, that did not form synapses with dendrites. Treatment of primary hippocampal neurons with the FPR2 inhibitors, PBP10 or WRW4, resulted in reduced lengths of axons and dendrites. The CNS distribution of FPR2 suggests important functions in learning and memory, balance and nociception. This might be due to an effect of FPR2 in mediating arachidonic acid/LXA4 or DHA/RvD1-induced axonal or dendritic outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Binte Ismail
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Joled Kong-Ze Koh
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Gunaseelan
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hua Low
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - John Jia-En Chua
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore, 138673. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Cocci P, Capriotti M, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on estrogen receptor alpha and heat shock protein 60 gene expression in primary cultures of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) erythrocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:616-624. [PMID: 28719870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) can be considered a good indicator species for studying the ecological impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on wildlife. However, the effect of these environmental pollutants on nuclear steroid hormone signaling has not yet been addressed in sea turtles mainly due to the legal constraints of their endangered status. Here we describe the use of primary erythrocyte cell cultures as in vitro models for evaluating the effects of different EDCs on the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα). In addition, we evaluated erythrocyte toxicity caused by EDCs using Alamar Blue assay and heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) expression. Primary cultures of erythrocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (4NP), Diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), Tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TMCP) and Tributyltin (TBT) for 48h. Alamar Blue demonstrated that exposure of erythrocytes to each contaminant for up to 48h led to a significant impairment of cellular metabolic activity at 100μM, with the exception of TBT. Moreover, our data indicate that loggerhead erythrocytes constitutively express ERα and HSP60 at the transcript level and respond to EDCs by up-regulating their expression. In this regard, ERα was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner after 48h exposure to both 4NP and TMCP. Interestingly, the dosage-dependent effects of DiDP on ERα expression were opposite in comparison to that obtained following exposure to the other tested compounds. This work provides the first indication regarding the potential of primary erythrocytes as study models for evaluating the effects of EDCs on sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Martina Capriotti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Jiang H, Ji C, Sui J, Sa R, Wang X, Liu X, Guo TL. Antibacterial and antitumor activity of Bogorol B-JX isolated from Brevibacillus laterosporus JX-5. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:177. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Bytingsvik J, Harju M, Evenset A, Tollefsen KE. Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1017-1030. [PMID: 28862540 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants from various anthropogenic activities are detected in the Arctic due to long-range atmospheric transport, ocean currents, and living organisms such as migrating fish or seabirds. Although levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic fish are generally low, local hot spots of contamination were found in freshwater systems such as Lake Ellasjøen at Bjørnøya (Bear Island, Norway). Higher concentrations of organic halogenated compounds (OHC), and higher levels of cytochrome P450 and DNA-double strand breaks were reported in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from this lake compared to fish from other lakes on Bjørnøya. Although several of the measured contaminants are potential endocrine disrupters, few studies have investigated potential endocrine disruptive effects of the contaminant cocktail in this fish population. The aim of this study was to compare acutely toxic and estrogenic potency of the cocktail of pollutants as evidenced by cytotoxic and/or estrogenic effects in vitro using extracts of Arctic char livers from contaminated Lake Ellasjøen with those from less contaminated Lake Laksvatn at Bjørnøya. This was performed by in situ sampling and contaminant extraction from liver tissue, followed by chemical analysis and in vitro testing of the following contaminated tissue extracts: F1-nonpolar OHC, F2-polar pesticides and metabolites of OHC, and F3-polar OHC. Contaminant levels were highest in extracts from Ellasjøen fish. The F2 and F3 extracts from Lake Laksvatn and Lake Ellasjøen fish reduced in vitro cell viability at a concentration ratio of 0.03-1 relative to tissue concentration in Arctic char. Only the F3 liver extract from Ellasjøen fish increased in vitro vitellogenin protein expression. Although compounds such as estrogenic OH-PCBs were quantified in Ellasjøen F3 extracts, it remains to be determined which compounds were inducing estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- b Environmental Chemistry Department , Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anita Evenset
- c Department of Arctic R&D , Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre , Tromsø , Norway
- d Department of Arctic and Marine Biology , UiT the Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- a Section of Ecotoxicology , Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Rowland SJ, Tollefsen KE. Toxicity of organic compounds from unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) to primary fish hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:150-161. [PMID: 28711771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental matrices contaminated with organic pollutants derived from crude oil or degraded petroleum contain mixtures so complex that they are typically unresolved by conventional analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. The resulting chromatographic features have become known as 'humps' or unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). These UCMs often dominate the organic contaminants of polluted environmental samples: for example, in oil sands produced water up to 150mgL-1 of 'naphthenic acids' appear as UCMs when examined by gas chromatography as the esters. In oil-contaminated mussels, aromatic hydrocarbon UCMs may comprise almost all of the total toxic hydrocarbons, with over 7000μgg-1 dry weight reported in some samples. Over the last 25 years, efforts to resolve and thus identify, or at least to produce average structures, for some UCM components, have proved fruitful. Numerous non-polar UCM hydrocarbons and more polar UCM acids have been identified, then synthesised or purchased from commercial suppliers. As UCMs have been proposed to represent a risk to aquatic organisms, the need for assessment of the ecotoxicological effects and characterisation of the mode of action (MoA) of these environmental pollutants has arisen. In the present study, several chemicals with structures typical of those found in some UCMs, were assessed for their potential to disrupt membrane integrity, inhibit metabolic activity, activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in primary rainbow trout hepatocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These endpoints were determined in order to screen for common toxic modes of action (MoA) in this diverse group of chemicals. The results from the in vitro screening indicated that of the endpoints tested, the predominant toxic MoA was cytotoxicity. EC50 values for cytotoxicity were obtained for 16 compounds and ranged from 77μM-24mM, whereof aliphatic monocyclic acids, monoaromatic acids, polycyclic monoaromatic acids and alkylnaphthalenes were the most toxic. The observed cytotoxicity of the chemicals correlated well with the hydrophobicity (LogKOW) suggesting that the toxicity was predominantly due to a non-specific MoA. Interestingly, two compounds induced the ER-mediated production of vitellogenin (Vtg) and six compounds induced the AhR-mediated Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) enzymatic activity to >20% of the positive control; by doing so suggesting that they may act as ER or AhR agonists in fish. The heterogeneous group of 'UCM compounds' tested exhibited multiple MoA that may potentially cause adverse effects in fish. Additional studies to determine if these compounds may cause adverse effects in vivo at environmentally relevant concentrations, are warranted to identify if such compounds are indeed of potential environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria T Hultman
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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ALA-PpIX mediated photodynamic therapy of malignant gliomas augmented by hypothermia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181654. [PMID: 28759636 PMCID: PMC5536352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are highly invasive, difficult to treat, and account for 2% of cancer deaths worldwide. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) comprises the most common and aggressive intracranial tumor. The study hypothesis is to investigate the modification of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) efficacy by mild hypothermia leads to increased glioma cell kill while protecting normal neuronal structures. Methods Photosensitizer accumulation and PDT efficacy in vitro were quantified in various glioma cell lines, primary rat neurons, and astrocytes. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy brain and RG2 glioma of naïve Fischer rats. Hypothermia was induced at 1 hour pre- to 2 hours post-PDT, with ALA-PpIX accumulation and PDT treatments effects on tumor and normal brain PDT quantified using optical spectroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, MRI, and survival studies, respectively. Findings In vitro studies demonstrated significantly improved post-PDT survival in primary rat neuronal cells. Rat in vivo studies confirmed a neuroprotective effect to hypothermia following PpIX mediated PDT by T2 mapping at day 10, reflecting edema/inflammation volume reduction. Mild hypothermia increased PpIX fluorescence in tumors five-fold, and the median post-PDT rat survival time (8.5 days normothermia; 14 days hypothermia). Histology and immunohistochemistry show close to complete cellular protection in normal brain structures under hypothermia. Conclusions The benefits of hypothermia on both normal neuronal tissue as well as increased PpIX fluorescence and RG2 induced rat survival strongly suggest a role for hypothermia in photonics-based surgical techniques, and that a hypothermic intervention could lead to considerable patient outcome improvements.
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Petersen K, Hultman MT, Tollefsen KE. Primary hepatocytes from Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) as a relevant Arctic in vitro model for screening contaminants and environmental extracts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:141-152. [PMID: 28411469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants find their way to the Arctic through long-range atmospheric transport, transport via ocean currents, and through increased anthropogenic activity. Some of the typical pollutants reaching the Arctic (PAHs, PCBs) are known to induce cytochrome P450 1a (CYP1A) protein expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In addition, some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as estrogen mimics (xenoestrogens) have been documented in Arctic areas and they may interfere with natural sexual development and reproduction. In vitro assays that are capable of detecting effects of such pollutants, covering multiple endpoints, are generally based on mammalian or temperate species and there are currently no well-characterized cell-based in vitro assays for effect assessment from Arctic fish species. The present study aimed to develop a high-throughput and multi-endpoint in vitro assay from Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) to provide a non-animal (alternative) testing method for an ecologically relevant Arctic species. A method for isolation and exposure of primary hepatocytes from Arctic char for studying the toxic effects and mode of action (MoA) of pollutants was applied and validated. The multi-versatility of the bioassay was assessed by classical biomarker responses such as cell viability (membrane integrity and metabolic activity), phase I detoxification (CYP1A protein expression, EROD activity) and estrogen receptor (ER) mediated vitellogenin (Vtg) protein expression using a selection of model compounds, environmental pollutants and an environmental extract containing a complex mixture of pollutants. Primary hepatocytes from Arctic char were successfully isolated and culture conditions optimized to identify the most optimal assay conditions for covering multiple endpoints. The hepatocytes responded with concentration-dependent responses to all of the model compounds, most of the environmental pollutants and the environmental sample tested. The bioassay response and sensitivity of the hepatocytes from Arctic char differed slightly from closely related salmonid species, thus highlighting the need for developing in vitro assays relevant for Arctic species. The present multi-endpoint in vitro assay offer a highly versatile tool to screen potential effects of pollutants and complex samples relevant for Arctic exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria T Hultman
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Önlü S, Saçan MT. An in silico approach to cytotoxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1162-1169. [PMID: 27779323 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The authors constructed novel, robust, and validated linear Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) models in line with Organisation of Co-operation and Development (OECD) criteria using 2 cytotoxicity data sets which were obtained from the Alamar Blue and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM) assays. The data sets comprise the cytotoxic effect of structurally diverse and widely used pharmaceuticals, synthetic musks, and industrial chemicals on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cell line RTL-W1. Common descriptors defined the relationship between structure and cytotoxicity for both the Alamar Blue and the CFDA-AM assays which measure the metabolic activity and membrane integrity, respectively. Only the statistical parameters of the best Alamar Blue-based model were given (nTR = 13; R2 = 0.839; the root-mean-square error of the training set [RMSETR ] = 0.261; nTEST = 5; R2TEST = 0.903; RMSETEST = 0.181; CCCTEST = 0.939). The proposed QSTR model was able to predict the cytotoxicity of 101 diverse chemicals on the RTL-W1 cell line with 91% structural coverage. The authors found that in vitro-derived cytotoxicity data are promising predictors of in vivo fish toxicity and may provide an initial, rapid screening tool for acute fish toxicity assessment and reduce the need for extensive in vivo toxicity testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1162-1169. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serlİ Önlü
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hisar Campus, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Türker Saçan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hisar Campus, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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McBee ME, Chionh YH, Sharaf ML, Ho P, Cai MWL, Dedon PC. Production of Superoxide in Bacteria Is Stress- and Cell State-Dependent: A Gating-Optimized Flow Cytometry Method that Minimizes ROS Measurement Artifacts with Fluorescent Dyes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:459. [PMID: 28377755 PMCID: PMC5359317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microbial metabolism and stress response has emerged as a major theme in microbiology and infectious disease. Reactive fluorescent dyes have the potential to advance the study of ROS in the complex intracellular environment, especially for high-content and high-throughput analyses. However, current dye-based approaches to measuring intracellular ROS have the potential for significant artifacts. Here, we describe a robust platform for flow cytometric quantification of ROS in bacteria using fluorescent dyes, with ROS measurements in 10s-of-1000s of individual cells under a variety of conditions. False positives and variability among sample types (e.g., bacterial species, stress conditions) are reduced with a flexible four-step gating scheme that accounts for side- and forward-scattered light (morphological changes), background fluorescence, DNA content, and dye uptake to identify cells producing ROS. Using CellROX Green dye with Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG as diverse model bacteria, we show that (1) the generation of a quantifiable CellROX Green signal for superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide-induced hydroxyl radicals, validates this dye as a superoxide detector; (2) the level of dye-detectable superoxide does not correlate with cytotoxicity or antibiotic sensitivity; (3) the non-replicating, antibiotic tolerant state of nutrient-deprived mycobacteria is associated with high levels of superoxide; and (4) antibiotic-induced production of superoxide is idiosyncratic with regard to both the species and the physiological state of the bacteria. We also show that the gating method is applicable to other fluorescent indicator dyes, such as the 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride for cellular esterase and reductive respiratory activities, respectively. These results demonstrate that properly controlled flow cytometry coupled with fluorescent probes provides precise and accurate quantitative analysis of ROS generation and metabolic changes in stressed bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McBee
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yok H Chionh
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Mariam L Sharaf
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiying Ho
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maggie W L Cai
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeMA, USA
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Mohan T, Niegelhell K, Nagaraj C, Reishofer D, Spirk S, Olschewski A, Stana Kleinschek K, Kargl R. Interaction of Tissue Engineering Substrates with Serum Proteins and Its Influence on Human Primary Endothelial Cells. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:413-421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann
Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann
Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Petersen K, Bæk K, Grung M, Meland S, Ranneklev SB. In vivo and in vitro effects of tunnel wash water and traffic related contaminants on aquatic organisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:363-371. [PMID: 27596823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain the construction and safety of road tunnels, they are routinely washed. The wash water appears to be highly polluted with a plethora of contaminants in elevated concentrations. In addition, new and emerging compounds are likely to occur. The discharge water has shown acute toxic and sub-lethal effects in several organisms. In this study, ecotoxicity tests with algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and in vitro tests with primary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes were used to characterize the effect of TWW from three different tunnels. In addition, selected N- and Cl-PAHs were tested for cytotoxicity, EROD activity and CYP1A protein production. TWW samples and/or extracts from two tunnels reduced the algal growth and induced cytotoxicity, EROD activity and CYP1A protein production in vitro. Four of the eight tested Cl- and N-substituted PAHs induced EROD activity and CYP1A protein production at micro-molar concentrations. N-PAHs were detected in samples from the tunnel wash, highlighting substituted PAHs as potentially important traffic-related contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kine Bæk
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sondre Meland
- Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Environmental Assessment Section, Post Box 8142 Dep, NO-0033, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Post Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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36
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Olkowski R, Kaszczewski P, Czechowska J, Siek D, Pijocha D, Zima A, Ślósarczyk A, Lewandowska-Szumieł M. Cytocompatibility of the selected calcium phosphate based bone cements: comparative study in human cell culture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:270. [PMID: 26511138 PMCID: PMC4624837 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are valuable bone fillers. Recently they have been also considered as the basis for drug-, growth factors- or cells-delivery systems. Broad possibilities to manipulate CPC composition provide a unique opportunity to obtain materials with a wide range of physicochemical properties. In this study we show that CPC composition significantly influences cell response. Human bone derived cells were exposed to the several well-characterized different cements based on calcium phosphates, magnesium phosphates and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH). Cell viability assays, live/dead staining and real-time observation of cells in contact with the materials (time-laps) were performed. Although all the investigated materials have successfully passed a standard cytocompatibility assay, cell behavior in a direct contact with the materials varied depending on the material and the experimental system. The most recommended were the α-TCP-based materials which proved suitable as a support for cells in a direct contact. The materials which caused a decrease of calcium ions concentration in culture induced the negative cell response, however this effect might be expected efficiently compensated in vivo. All the materials consisting of CSH had negative impact on the cells. The obtained results strongly support running series of cytocompatibility studies for preclinical evaluation of bone cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Olkowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaszczewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czechowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominika Siek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Pijocha
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Ślósarczyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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38
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Yazdani M. Concerns in the application of fluorescent probes DCDHF-DA, DHR 123 and DHE to measure reactive oxygen species in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:578-82. [PMID: 26318276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in biological systems by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The essential role of ROS in maintaining physiological health may be corrupted into oxidative stress by their overproduction or the exhaustion of antioxidant mechanisms. Many studies covering a broad range of methodologies have investigated ROS production and their toxic mechanisms of action. Of these methodologies, fluorometry has been among the preferred techniques. Three frequently used fluorescent probes for in vitro studies are 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF-DA), Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and Dihydroethidium (DHE). Apart from the unavoidable limitations of auto-oxidation, photo-oxidation and photo-conversion, there are also concerns relating to protocol modification for the improved monitoring of ROS. This paper aims to highlight such contributing factors, including cell culture conditions and the characteristics of individual fluorescent probes in the utilization of these selected probes in in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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39
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Mitochondrial Impairment May Increase Cellular NAD(P)H: Resazurin Oxidoreductase Activity, Perturbing the NAD(P)H-Based Viability Assays. Cells 2015; 4:427-51. [PMID: 26308058 PMCID: PMC4588044 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase activity with artificial dyes (NAD(P)H-OR) is an indicator of viability, as the cellular redox state is important for biosynthesis and antioxidant defense. However, high NAD(P)H due to impaired mitochondrial oxidation, known as reductive stress, should increase NAD(P)H-OR yet perturb viability. To better understand this complex behavior, we assayed NAD(P)H-OR with resazurin (Alamar Blue) in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G, treated with inhibitors of central metabolism, oxythiamin, and phosphonate analogs of 2-oxo acids. Targeting the thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes, the inhibitors are known to decrease the NAD(P)H production in the pentose phosphate shuttle and/or upon mitochondrial oxidation of 2-oxo acids. Nevertheless, the inhibitors elevated NAD(P)H-OR with resazurin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, suggesting impaired NAD(P)H oxidation rather than increased viability. In particular, inhibition of the ThDP-dependent enzymes affects metabolism of malate, which mediates mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NAD(P)H. We showed that oxythiamin not only inhibited mitochondrial 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases, but also induced cell-specific changes in glutamate and malate dehydrogenases and/or malic enzyme. As a result, inhibition of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases compromises mitochondrial metabolism, with the dysregulated electron fluxes leading to increases in cellular NAD(P)H-OR. Perturbed mitochondrial oxidation of NAD(P)H may thus complicate the NAD(P)H-based viability assay.
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40
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Chu CK, Tu YC, Chang YW, Chu CK, Chen SY, Chi TT, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Cancer cell uptake behavior of Au nanoring and its localized surface plasmon resonance induced cell inactivation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:075102. [PMID: 25642800 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Au nanorings (NRIs), which have the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength around 1058 nm, either with or without linked antibodies, are applied to SAS oral cancer cells for cell inactivation through the LSPR-induced photothermal effect when they are illuminated by a laser of 1065 nm in wavelength. Different incubation times of cells with Au NRIs are considered for observing the variations of cell uptake efficiency of Au NRI and the threshold laser intensity for cell inactivation. In each case of incubation time, the cell sample is washed for evaluating the total Au NRI number per cell adsorbed and internalized by the cells based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement. Also, the Au NRIs remaining on cell membrane are etched with KI/I2 solution to evaluate the internalized Au NRI number per cell. The threshold laser intensities for cell inactivation before washout, after washout, and after KI/I2 etching are calibrated from the circular area sizes of inactivated cells around the illuminated laser spot center with various laser power levels. By using Au NRIs with antibodies, the internalized Au NRI number per cell increases monotonically with incubation time up to 24 h. However, the number of Au NRI remaining on cell membrane reaches a maximum at 12 h in incubation time. The cell uptake behavior of an Au NRI without antibodies is similar to that with antibodies except that the uptake NRI number is significantly smaller and the incubation time for the maximum NRI number remaining on cell membrane is delayed to 20 h. By comparing the threshold laser intensities before and after KI/I2 etching, it is found that the Au NRIs remaining on cell membrane cause more effective cancer cell inactivation, when compared with the internalized Au NRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Kuan Chu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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41
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Yazdani M, Paulsen RE, Gjøen T, Hylland K. Reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity in rainbow trout hepatocytes: effects of medium and incubation time. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:193-198. [PMID: 25432295 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of exposure medium and culture age on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) development and cytotoxicity in fish hepatocytes following exposure to copper (Cu). ROS was quantified using the fluorescent probes DHR 123 and CM-H2DCFDA following exposure to Cu in Leibovitz' medium (L-15) or Tris-buffered saline (TBS). Similarly, culture age effects were investigated using 1-, 2- and 4-day-old cultured hepatocytes by exposing them to Cu in TBS. The exposure in L-15 resulted in significantly higher ROS compared to TBS using CM-H2DCFDA, but not DHR 123. The age of the primary cultures significantly affected the development of ROS for both probes. None of the exposures caused cytotoxicity in the hepatocytes. The results showed that both factors may affect responses to stressors, and suggested that the use of a simple medium such as TBS may be preferable for some applications. It is also preferable to use 1-day-old primary hepatocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1066, N-0316, Oslo, Norway,
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42
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Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays were among the first in vitro bioassay methods used to predict toxicity of substances to various tissues. In vitro cytotoxicity testing provides a crucial means for safety assessment and screening, and for ranking compounds. The choice of using a particular cytotoxicity assay technology may be influenced by specific research goals. As such, four main classes of assays are used to monitor the response of cultured cells after treatment with potential toxicants. These methods measure viability, cell membrane integrity, cell proliferation, and metabolic activity. In this chapter, we focus on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium reduction colorimetric assay to evaluate detrimental intracellular effects on metabolic activity. This assay is well-characterized, simple to use and remains popular in several laboratories worldwide.
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43
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Cagide E, Becher PG, Louzao MC, Espiña B, Vieytes MR, Jüttner F, Botana LM. Hapalindoles from the Cyanobacterium Fischerella: Potential Sodium Channel Modulators. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1696-706. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cagide
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - M. Carmen Louzao
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Begoña Espiña
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Friedrich Jüttner
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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44
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Effects of clofibric acid alone and in combination with 17β-estradiol on mRNA abundance in primary hepatocytes isolated from rainbow trout. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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45
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Cardenas L, MacLeod J, Lipton-Duffin J, Seifu DG, Popescu F, Siaj M, Mantovani D, Rosei F. Reduced graphene oxide growth on 316L stainless steel for medical applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8664-8670. [PMID: 24945735 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for the growth of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the 316L alloy of stainless steel (SS) and its relevance for biomedical applications. We demonstrate that electrochemical etching increases the concentration of metallic species on the surface and enables the growth of rGO. This result is supported through a combination of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density functional theory (DFT) calculations and static water contact angle measurements. Raman spectroscopy identifies the G and D bands for oxidized species of graphene at 1595 cm(-1) and 1350 cm(-1), respectively, and gives an ID/IG ratio of 1.2, indicating a moderate degree of oxidation. XPS shows -OH and -COOH groups in the rGO stoichiometry and static contact angle measurements confirm the wettability of rGO. SEM and AFM measurements were performed on different substrates before and after coronene treatment to confirm rGO growth. Cell viability studies reveal that these rGO coatings do not have toxic effects on mammalian cells, making this material suitable for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cardenas
- INRS-Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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46
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Markell LK, Mingoia RT, Peterson HM, Yao J, Waters SM, Finn JP, Nabb DL, Han X. Endocrine Disruption Screening by Protein and Gene Expression of Vitellogenin in Freshly Isolated and Cryopreserved Rainbow Trout Hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1450-7. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Markell
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Robert T. Mingoia
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Heather M. Peterson
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Jianhong Yao
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Waters
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - James P. Finn
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Diane L. Nabb
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
| | - Xing Han
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, United States
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47
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Pietsch C, Hollender J, Dorusch F, Burkhardt-Holm P. Cytotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) on liver cells are modulated by antioxidants. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:233-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Ponnusamy T, Chakravarty G, Mondal D, John VT. Novel "breath figure"-based synthetic PLGA matrices for in vitro modeling of mammary morphogenesis and assessing chemotherapeutic response. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:703-13. [PMID: 24132933 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous films are developed to support mammary cell growth and function. Such porous polymer matrices of PLGA are generated using the easily implemented water-templating "breath-figure" technique that allows water droplets to penetrate the nascent polymer films to create a rough porous polymer film. Such breath figure-based micropatterned porous films show higher epithelial differentiation and growth than the corresponding flat 2D films, and represent the first instance of using them for tissue culture. Specifically, the breath figure morphology supports robust acinar growth with almost double the number of lobular-alveolar units compared to the 2D cultures. Gene profile analysis indicates that the cells grown on porous polymer films show enhanced expressions of mammary differentiation genes (GATA3, EMA, and INTEGB4) but lower the expression of mesenchymal gene (CALLA). Hormonal stimulation of these cultures dramatically increases expression of progenitor marker gene Notch1. Importantly, cells grown on porous PLGA films exhibit an enhanced resistance to doxorubicin treatment in comparison to 2D cultures. Breath-figure PLGA films show promise in mimicking in vivo mammary functions and can potentially be used to screen chemotherapeutic drugs. The simplicity and ease of fabrication of these polymer films is especially appealing to the development of effective biomaterials to support cell culture and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruselvam Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Geetika Chakravarty
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
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50
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Zhou W, Leippe D, Duellman S, Sobol M, Vidugiriene J, O'Brien M, Shultz JW, Kimball JJ, DiBernardo C, Moothart L, Bernad L, Cali J, Klaubert DH, Meisenheimer P. Self-immolative bioluminogenic quinone luciferins for NAD(P)H assays and reducing capacity-based cell viability assays. Chembiochem 2014; 15:670-5. [PMID: 24591148 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive self-cleavable trimethyl lock quinone-luciferin substrates for diaphorase were designed and synthesized to measure NAD(P)H in biological samples and monitor viable cells via NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes and their NAD(P)H cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Research and Development, Promega Biosciences, Inc. 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 (USA).
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