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Lepucki A, Orlińska K, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kabut J, Olczyk P, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051250. [PMID: 35268340 PMCID: PMC8911242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a structure composed of many molecules, including fibrillar (types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII) and non-fibrillar collagens (mainly basement membrane collagens: types IV, VIII, X), non-collagenous glycoproteins (elastin, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin, osteopontin, osteonectin, entactin, periostin) embedded in a gel of negatively charged water-retaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated GAGs which are linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PGs). This highly dynamic molecular network provides critical biochemical and biomechanical cues that mediate the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, influence cell growth, migration and differentiation and serve as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors’ action. The breakdown of normal ECM and its replacement with tumor ECM modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and is an essential part of tumorigenesis and metastasis, acting as key driver for malignant progression. Abnormal ECM also deregulate behavior of stromal cells as well as facilitating tumor-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. Thus, the tumor matrix modulates each of the classically defined hallmarks of cancer promoting the growth, survival and invasion of the cancer. Moreover, various ECM-derived components modulate the immune response affecting T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). This review article considers the role that extracellular matrix play in breast cancer. Determining the detailed connections between the ECM and cellular processes has helped to identify novel disease markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Lepucki
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kabut
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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2
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Rueda‐Carrasco J, Martin‐Bermejo MJ, Pereyra G, Mateo MI, Borroto A, Brosseron F, Kummer MP, Schwartz S, López‐Atalaya JP, Alarcon B, Esteve P, Heneka MT, Bovolenta P. SFRP1 modulates astrocyte-to-microglia crosstalk in acute and chronic neuroinflammation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51696. [PMID: 34569685 PMCID: PMC8567217 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. It fosters a dysfunctional neuron-microglia-astrocyte crosstalk that, in turn, maintains microglial cells in a perniciously reactive state that often enhances neuronal damage. The molecular components that mediate this critical communication are not fully explored. Here, we show that secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), a multifunctional regulator of cell-to-cell communication, is part of the cellular crosstalk underlying neuroinflammation. In mouse models of acute and chronic neuroinflammation, SFRP1, largely astrocyte-derived, promotes and sustains microglial activation, and thus a chronic inflammatory state. SFRP1 promotes the upregulation of components of the hypoxia-induced factor-dependent inflammatory pathway and, to a lower extent, of those downstream of the nuclear factor-kappa B. We thus propose that SFRP1 acts as an astrocyte-to-microglia amplifier of neuroinflammation, representing a potential valuable therapeutic target for counteracting the harmful effect of chronic inflammation in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rueda‐Carrasco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - María Jesús Martin‐Bermejo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Guadalupe Pereyra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - María Inés Mateo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Aldo Borroto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Markus P Kummer
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | | | - Balbino Alarcon
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Pilar Esteve
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Michael T Heneka
- NeurologyUniversitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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3
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Comprehensive Analysis of SFRP Family Members Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:life11060522. [PMID: 34205081 PMCID: PMC8228899 DOI: 10.3390/life11060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are important elements associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, and its dysregulated expression is found in multiple cancers. However, the function of distinct SFRPs in GC remains poorly understood. We investigated the differential expression, prognostic value, and immune cell infiltration of SFRPs in gastric cancer patients from the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, STRING, Gene-MANIA, DAVID, MethSurv, and TIMER databases. We found that the expression levels of SFRP2 and SFRP4 were significantly increased in GC tissues, whereas the SFRP1 and SFRP5 expressions were reduced. SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 were significantly correlated with the clinical cancer stage in GC patients. Higher expression of SFRPs was associated with short overall survival (OS) in GC patients. Besides, high SFRPs methylation showed favorable OS in GC patients. The functions of SFRPs were primarily related to the Wnt signaling pathway, immune system development, and basal cell carcinoma. The expression of SFRPs was strongly correlated with immune infiltrating cells, including CD4+ T cells and macrophages in GC. Our study indicated that SFRPs could be potential targets of precision therapy and prognostic biomarkers for the survival of GC patients.
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Kaur S, Bronson SM, Pal-Nath D, Miller TW, Soto-Pantoja DR, Roberts DD. Functions of Thrombospondin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4570. [PMID: 33925464 PMCID: PMC8123789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of thrombospondin-1 as an angiogenesis inhibitor in 1990 prompted interest in its role in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Decreased thrombospondin-1 mRNA and protein expression are associated with progression in several cancers, while expression by nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and circulating levels in cancer patients can be elevated. THBS1 is not a tumor suppressor gene, but the regulation of its expression in malignant cells by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mediates some of their effects on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. In addition to regulating angiogenesis and perfusion of the tumor vasculature, thrombospondin-1 limits antitumor immunity by CD47-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Conversely, thrombospondin-1 is a component of particles released by immune cells that mediate tumor cell killing. Thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates the sensitivity of malignant and nonmalignant cells to genotoxic stress caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The diverse activities of thrombospondin-1 to regulate autophagy, senescence, stem cell maintenance, extracellular vesicle function, and metabolic responses to ischemic and genotoxic stress are mediated by several cell surface receptors and by regulating the functions of several secreted proteins. This review highlights progress in understanding thrombospondin-1 functions in cancer and the challenges that remain in harnessing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Steven M. Bronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery and Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.K.); (D.P.-N.)
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Wang P, Zeng Z, Lin C, Wang J, Xu W, Ma W, Xiang Q, Liu H, Liu SL. Thrombospondin-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target: Multiple Roles in Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2116-2136. [PMID: 32003661 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1, an extracellular matrix protein, is the first identified natural angiogenesis inhibitor. Thrombospondin-1 participates in a great number of physiological and pathological processes, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions via a number of cell receptors, including CD36 and CD47, which plays a vital role in mediating inflammation and performs a promoting effect in pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and diabetes. Thrombospondin-1 consists of six domains, which combine with different molecules and participate in various functions in cancers, serving as a critical member in diverse pathways in cancers. Thrombospondin-1 works as a cancer promotor in some pathways but as a cancer suppressor in others, which makes it highly possible that its erroneous functioning might lead to opposite effects. Therefore, subdividing the roles of thrombospondin-1 and distinguishing them in cancers are necessary. Complex structure and multiple roles take disadvantage of the research and application of thrombospondin-1. Compared with the whole thrombospondin-1 protein, each thrombospondin- 1 active peptide performs an uncomplicated structure and, nevertheless, a specific role. In other words, various thrombospondin-1 active peptides may function differently. For instance, thrombospondin-1 could both promote and inhibit glioblastoma, which is significantly inhibited by the three type I repeats, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide but promoted by the fragment 167-569, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide consisting of the procollagen homology domain and the three type I repeats. Further studies of the functions of thrombospondin-1 active peptides and applying them reasonably are necessary. In addition to mediating cancerogenesis, thrombospondin-1 is also affected by cancer development, as reflected by its expression in plasma and the cancer tissue. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 may be a potential biomarker for pre-clinical and clinical application. This review summarizes findings on the multiple roles of thrombospondin-1 in cancer processes, with a focus on its use as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caiji Lin
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
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6
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Lim WF, Mohamad Yusof MI, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Significant Decreased Expressions of CaN, VEGF, SLC39A6 and SFRP1 in MDA-MB-231 Xenograft Breast Tumor Mice Treated with Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seed Residue (MOLSr) Extracts. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102993. [PMID: 33007803 PMCID: PMC7601446 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant with many nutritional and medicinal properties. Chemopreventive values of the combined mixture of moringa leaves and seed residue (MOLSr) at different ratios (M1S9, M1S1 and M9S1) were investigated. MOLSr extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, metabolite profiling and cytotoxic activity on the primary mammary epithelial cells (PMECs), non-malignant Chang’s liver cells and various human cancer cell lines (including breast, cervical, colon and liver cancer cell lines). The MOLSr ratio with the most potent cytotoxic activity was used in xenograft mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells for in vivo tumorigenicity study as well as further protein and gene expression studies. M1S9, specifically composed of saponin and amino acid, retained the lowest antioxidant activity but the highest glucosinolate content as compared to other ratios. Cell viability decreased significantly in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and PMECs after treatment with M1S9. Solid tumor from MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice was inhibited by up to 64.5% at third week after treatment with high-dose M1S9. High-dose M1S9 significantly decreased the expression of calcineurin (CaN) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) proteins as well as the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) genes. This study provides new scientific evidence for the chemoprevention potential of MOLSr extracts in a breast cancer model; however, the precise mechanism warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Feng Lim
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.F.L.); (M.I.M.Y.)
| | - Mohd Izwan Mohamad Yusof
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.F.L.); (M.I.M.Y.)
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.F.L.); (M.I.M.Y.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; (L.K.T.); (M.Z.S.); Tel.: +60-3-3258-4658 (L.K.T. & M.Z.S.)
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.F.L.); (M.I.M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; (L.K.T.); (M.Z.S.); Tel.: +60-3-3258-4658 (L.K.T. & M.Z.S.)
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Baharudin R, Tieng FYF, Lee LH, Ab Mutalib NS. Epigenetics of SFRP1: The Dual Roles in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E445. [PMID: 32074995 PMCID: PMC7072595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a gene that belongs to the secreted glycoprotein SFRP family. SFRP1 has been classified as a tumor suppressor gene due to the loss of expression in various human cancers, which is mainly attributed by epigenetic inactivation via DNA methylation or transcriptional silencing by microRNAs. Epigenetic silencing of SFRP1 may cause dysregulation of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which lead to cancer cells formation, disease progression, poor prognosis, and treatment resistance. Hence, restoration of SFRP1 expression via demethylating drugs or over-expression experiments opens the possibility for new cancer therapy approach. While the role of SFRP1 as a tumor suppressor gene is well-established, some studies also reported the possible oncogenic properties of SFRP1 in cancers. In this review, we discussed in great detail the dual roles of SFRP1 in cancers-as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. The epigenetic regulation of SFRP1 expression will also be underscored with additional emphasis on the potentials of SFRP1 in modulating responses toward chemotherapeutic and epigenetic-modifying drugs, which may encourage the development of novel drugs for cancer treatment. We also present findings from clinical trials and patents involving SFRP1 to illustrate its clinical utility, extensiveness of each research area, and progression toward commercialization. Lastly, this review provides directions for future research to advance SFRP1 as a promising cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidah Baharudin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.B.); (F.Y.F.T.)
| | - Francis Yew Fu Tieng
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.B.); (F.Y.F.T.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.B.); (F.Y.F.T.)
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Wu ZH, Zhang YJ, Yue JX, Zhou T. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for SFRPs in Breast Carcinoma. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720962479. [PMID: 32990024 PMCID: PMC7784597 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720962479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are a group of five secreted glycoproteins-SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3 (frizzled related protein, FRZB), SFRP4, and SFRP5-which contain a frizzled-related cysteine-rich domain and a netrin module. We analyzed SFRPs' expression levels, mutations, regulation, functional networks, and correlation with immune infiltration in breast cancer (BC) patients using data from multiple open databases. SFRP1/3/4/5 were downregulated and SFRP2 was upregulated in BC patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, higher levels of SFRP1/3/4 were significantly associated with favorable prognosis. In addition, the prognostic significance of the infiltrating B cells was correlated to the SFRPs. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that SFRPs play a synergistic role in BC progression, and are, therefore, promising prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You-jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xin Yue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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9
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Rigoglio NN, Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Fratini P, Prazeres PHDM, Pimentel CMMM, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. The Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:1-38. [PMID: 32266651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the development and maintains tissue homeostasis. The ECM is composed of a complex network of molecules presenting distinct biochemical properties to regulate cell growth, survival, motility, and differentiation. Among their components, proteoglycans (PGs) are considered one of the main components of ECM. Its composition, biomechanics, and anisotropy are exquisitely tuned to reflect the physiological state of the tissue. The loss of ECM's homeostasis is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and, typically, defines transitional events in tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the types of proteoglycans and their roles in cancer. It has been observed that the amount of some ECM components is increased, while others are decreased, depending on the type of tumor. However, both conditions corroborate with tumor progression and malignancy. Therefore, ECM components have an increasingly important role in carcinogenesis and this leads us to believe that their understanding may be a key in the discovery of new anti-tumor therapies. In this book, the main ECM components will be discussed in more detail in each chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Bukhari SA, Yasmin A, Zahoor MA, Mustafa G, Sarfraz I, Rasul A. Secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 and its implication in obesity and type‐2 diabetes. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1701-1710. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysha Yasmin
- Department of BiochemistryGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of BiochemistryGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of ZoologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of ZoologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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Lommel M, Strompen J, Hellewell AL, Balasubramanian GP, Christofidou ED, Thomson AR, Boyle AL, Woolfson DN, Puglisi K, Hartl M, Holstein TW, Adams JC, Özbek S. Hydra Mesoglea Proteome Identifies Thrombospondin as a Conserved Component Active in Head Organizer Restriction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11753. [PMID: 30082916 PMCID: PMC6079037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are multidomain glycoproteins with complex matricellular functions in tissue homeostasis and remodeling. We describe a novel role of TSP as a Wnt signaling target in the basal eumetazoan Hydra. Proteome analysis identified Hydra magnipapillata TSP (HmTSP) as a major component of the cnidarian mesoglea. In general, the domain organization of cnidarian TSPs is related to the pentameric TSPs of bilaterians, and in phylogenetic analyses cnidarian TSPs formed a separate clade of high sequence diversity. HmTSP expression in polyps was restricted to the hypostomal tip and tentacle bases that harbor Wnt-regulated organizer tissues. In the hypostome, HmTSP- and Wnt3-expressing cells were identical or in close vicinity to each other, and regions of ectopic tentacle formation induced by pharmacological β-Catenin activation (Alsterpaullone) corresponded to foci of HmTSP expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed binding of Hydra TCF to conserved elements in the HmTSP promotor region. Accordingly, β-Catenin knockdown by siRNAs reduced normal HmTSP expression at the head organizer. In contrast, knockdown of HmTSP expression led to increased numbers of ectopic organizers in Alsterpaullone-treated animals, indicating a negative regulatory function. Our data suggest an unexpected role for HmTSP as a feedback inhibitor of Wnt signaling during Hydra body axis patterning and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lommel
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Strompen
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew L Hellewell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Gnana Prakash Balasubramanian
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,G200 Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena D Christofidou
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew R Thomson
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, POB 9502, NL-2300, RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Derek N Woolfson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Kane Puglisi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas W Holstein
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Suat Özbek
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Vincent KM, Postovit LM. Matricellular proteins in cancer: a focus on secreted Frizzled-related proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:103-112. [PMID: 28589318 PMCID: PMC5842174 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours are complex entities, wherein cancer cells interact with myriad soluble, insoluble and cell associated factors. These microenvironmental mediators regulate tumour growth, progression and metastasis, and are produced by cancer cells and by stromal components such as fibroblast, adipocytes and immune cells. Through their ability to bind to extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors and growth factors, matricellular proteins enable a dynamic reciprocity between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Hence, matricellular proteins play a critical role in tumour progression by regulating where and when cancer cells are exposed to key growth factors and regulatory proteins. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to altering Wingless (Wnt) signalling, certain members of the Secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP) family are matricellular in nature. In this review, we outline the importance of matricellular proteins in cancer, and discuss how sFRPs may function to both inhibit and promote cancer progression in a context-dependent manner. By considering the matricellular functionality of sFRPs, we may better understand their apparently paradoxical roles in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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Carpenter PM, Sivadas P, Hua SS, Xiao C, Gutierrez AB, Ngo T, Gershon PD. Migration of breast cancer cell lines in response to pulmonary laminin 332. Cancer Med 2017; 6:220-234. [PMID: 27878981 PMCID: PMC5269569 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Because tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesized that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells exposed to small airway epithelial cells and conditioned medium exhibited dose-dependent tumor cell migration. Among the extracellular matrix proteins in the conditioned medium identified by mass spectrometry, laminin 332 (LM332) had the greatest contribution to the migration of MCF-7 cells. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry for LM332-specific chains identified LM332 in the lung and in pulmonary epithelial cells. Antibodies to either LM332 or its integrin receptor inhibited MCF-7 motility, and knockdown of LM332 chains also reduced its migration-inducing activity. Taken together, these findings implicate LM332 as a component of lung tissue that can induce motility in breast carcinoma cells that have been transported to lung during metastasis. Earlier studies on LM332 in tumor progression have examined LM332 expression in tumor cells. This investigation, in comparison, provides evidence that the tumor promoting potential of LM332 may originate in the lung microenvironment rather than in tumor cells alone. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that the motility-inducing properties of the microenvironment can reside in epithelial cells. The findings raise the possibility that LM332 plays a role in the pulmonary metastases of breast carcinoma and may provide a target for antimetastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Carpenter
- Department of PathologyKeck School of Medicine, the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
| | - Priyanka Sivadas
- Department of PathologyKeck School of Medicine, the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Spencer S. Hua
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
| | - Cally Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Tuan Ngo
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
| | - Paul D. Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia
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14
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Luo H, Liu M, Luo S, Yu T, Wu C, Yang G, Tu G. Dynamic monitoring of GPER-mediated estrogenic effects in breast cancer associated fibroblasts: An alternative role of estrogen in mammary carcinoma development. Steroids 2016; 112:1-11. [PMID: 27016131 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial contributors to breast cancer development. Estrogen affects mammary stroma in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We show here that estrogen (G-protein coupled) receptor (GPER) could be detected by immunohistochemistry in stromal fibroblasts of primary breast cancers. The presence of GPER expression was further confirmed by immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR in CAFs isolated from primary breast cancers. Based on dynamic monitoring by real time cell analyzer (RTCA) system, 17-β-estradiol (E2) as well as GPER specific agonist G1 were observed to trigger transient cell index increasing within an hour in a dosage-dependent manner in breast CAFs. In addition, E2 and G1 stimulated intracellular calcium modulation and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 within seconds and minutes in CAFs, respectively. Moreover, E2 and G1 promoted cell proliferation of breast CAFs measured by RTCA monitoring, cell viability assay and cell cycle analysis, and this promotion could be blocked by a GPER-selective antagonist G15. Interestingly, dynamic RTCA monitoring indicated that E2 increased adhesion of resuspended cells, and microscopy confirmed that E2 stimulated cell spreading. Both the adhesion and spreading were proposed to be mediated by GPER, since G1 also stimulated these effects similar to E2, and G15 reduced them. Moreover, GPER was found to mediate migration that was increased by E2 and G1 but reduced by G15 in RTCA cell migration assay and transwell assay. Accordingly, GPER mediates not only rapid actions but also slow effects including adhesion/spreading, proliferation and migration in breast CAFs. Estrogen is likely to affect tumor associated stroma and contributes to mammary carcinoma development through CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guanglun Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Gang Tu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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15
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sFRP-mediated Wnt sequestration as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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The extracellular matrix in breast cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:41-55. [PMID: 26743193 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized as an important regulator in breast cancer. ECM in breast cancer development features numerous changes in composition and organization when compared to the mammary gland under homeostasis. Matrix proteins that are induced in breast cancer include fibrillar collagens, fibronectin, specific laminins and proteoglycans as well as matricellular proteins. Growing evidence suggests that many of these induced ECM proteins play a major functional role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. A number of the induced ECM proteins have moreover been shown to be essential components of metastatic niches, promoting stem/progenitor signaling pathways and metastatic growth. ECM remodeling enzymes are also markedly increased, leading to major changes in the matrix structure and biomechanical properties. Importantly, several ECM components and ECM remodeling enzymes are specifically induced in breast cancer or during tissue regeneration while healthy tissues under homeostasis express exceedingly low levels. This may indicate that ECM and ECM-associated functions may represent promising drug targets against breast cancer, providing important specificity that could be utilized when developing therapies.
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17
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Denis H, Van Grembergen O, Delatte B, Dedeurwaerder S, Putmans P, Calonne E, Rothé F, Sotiriou C, Fuks F, Deplus R. MicroRNAs regulate KDM5 histone demethylases in breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:404-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression.
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18
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Cook KL, Wärri A, Soto-Pantoja DR, Clarke PA, Cruz MI, Zwart A, Clarke R. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits autophagy to potentiate antiestrogen responsiveness in ER+ breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:3222-32. [PMID: 24928945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-targeted therapies including tamoxifen (TAM) or Faslodex (ICI) are used to treat ER(+) breast cancers. Up to 50% of tumors will acquire resistance to these interventions. Autophagy has been implicated as a major driver of antiestrogen resistance. We have explored the ability of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which inhibits autophagy, to affect antiestrogen responsiveness. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TAM-resistant MCF7-RR and ICI-resistant/TAM cross-resistant LCC9 ER(+) breast cancer cells were injected into mammary fat pads of female athymic mice and treated with TAM and/or ICI in combination with oral low-dose HCQ. RESULTS We show that HCQ can increase antiestrogen responsiveness in MCF7-RR and LCC9 cells and tumors, likely through the inhibition of autophagy. However, the combination of ICI+HCQ was less effective than HCQ alone in vivo, unlike the TAM+HCQ combination. Antiestrogen treatment stimulated angiogenesis in tumors but did not prevent HCQ effectiveness. The lower efficacy of ICI+HCQ was associated with ICI effects on cell-mediated immunity within the tumor microenvironment. The mouse chemokine KC (CXCL1) and IFNγ were differentially regulated by both TAM and ICI treatments, suggesting a possible effect on macrophage development/activity. Consistent with these observations, TAM+HCQ treatment increased tumor CD68(+) cells infiltration, whereas ICI and ICI+HCQ reduced peripheral tumor macrophage content. Moreover, macrophage elimination of breast cancer target cells in vitro was reduced following exposure to ICI. CONCLUSION HCQ restores antiestrogen sensitivity to resistant tumors. Moreover, the beneficial combination of TAM+HCQ suggests a positive outcome for ongoing neoadjuvant clinical trials using this combination for the treatment of ER(+) ductal carcinoma in situ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Cook
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anni Wärri
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pamela Ag Clarke
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alan Zwart
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Clarke
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Milioli HH, Vimieiro R, Riveros C, Tishchenko I, Berretta R, Moscato P. The Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Improves Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtype Prediction and Reconciles the Labels in the METABRIC Data Set. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129711. [PMID: 26132585 PMCID: PMC4488510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes has been introduced as a valuable strategy to determine patient diagnosis and prognosis, and therapy response. The PAM50 method, based on the expression levels of 50 genes, uses a single sample predictor model to assign subtype labels to samples. Intrinsic errors reported within this assay demonstrate the challenge of identifying and understanding the breast cancer groups. In this study, we aim to: a) identify novel biomarkers for subtype individuation by exploring the competence of a newly proposed method named CM1 score, and b) apply an ensemble learning, as opposed to the use of a single classifier, for sample subtype assignment. The overarching objective is to improve class prediction. METHODS AND FINDINGS The microarray transcriptome data sets used in this study are: the METABRIC breast cancer data recorded for over 2000 patients, and the public integrated source from ROCK database with 1570 samples. We first computed the CM1 score to identify the probes with highly discriminative patterns of expression across samples of each intrinsic subtype. We further assessed the ability of 42 selected probes on assigning correct subtype labels using 24 different classifiers from the Weka software suite. For comparison, the same method was applied on the list of 50 genes from the PAM50 method. CONCLUSIONS The CM1 score portrayed 30 novel biomarkers for predicting breast cancer subtypes, with the confirmation of the role of 12 well-established genes. Intrinsic subtypes assigned using the CM1 list and the ensemble of classifiers are more consistent and homogeneous than the original PAM50 labels. The new subtypes show accurate distributions of current clinical markers ER, PR and HER2, and survival curves in the METABRIC and ROCK data sets. Remarkably, the paradoxical attribution of the original labels reinforces the limitations of employing a single sample classifiers to predict breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Helena Milioli
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Renato Vimieiro
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Inna Tishchenko
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3)-mediated suppression of interleukin-6 receptor release by A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is abrogated in the osteoarthritis-associated rare double variant of sFRP3. Biochem J 2015; 468:507-18. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) activity and secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) down-regulation or expression of its rare double variant is associated with arthritis. sFRP3 interacts with interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and ADAM17 and suppresses ADAM17 activity, whereas the rare variant does not; these findings provide explanation for their opposing pathogenic associations.
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21
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Perumal V, Krishnan K, Gratton E, Dharmarajan AM, Fox SA. Number and brightness analysis of sFRP4 domains in live cells demonstrates vesicle association signal of the NLD domain and dynamic intracellular responses to Wnt3a. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:91-6. [PMID: 25805505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Wnts are secreted, lipidated glycoproteins that play a role in cellular processes of differentiation, proliferation, migration, survival, polarity and stem cell self-renewal. The majority of Wnts biological effects are through binding to specific frizzled (Fzd) receptor complexes leading to activation of downstream pathways. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) were first identified as antagonists of Wnt signalling by binding directly to Wnts. They comprise two domains, a Fzd-like cysteine rich domain (CRD) and a netrin-like domain (NLD). Subsequently sFRPs have been shown to also interact with Fzd receptors and more diverse functions have been identified, including potentiation of Wnt signalling. Many aspects of the biology of this family remain to be elucidated. We used the number and brightness (N&B) method, a technique based on fluorescence fluctuation analysis, to characterise the intracellular aggregation and trafficking of sFRP4 domains. We expressed sFRP4 and its' domains as EGFP fusions and then characterised the effect of endogenous Wnt3a by fluorescence confocal imaging. We observed vesicular trafficking of sFRP4 and that the NLD domain has a vesicular association signal. We found that sFRP4 and the CRD formed oligomeric aggregates in the perinuclear region while the NLD was distributed evenly throughout the cell with a larger proportion of aggregates. Most significantly we observed intracellular redistribution of sFRP4 in response to Wnt3a suggesting that Wnt3a can modulate intracellular localisation and secretion of sFRP4. Our results reveal a number of novel findings regarding sFRP4 which are likely to have relevance to this wider family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanathi Perumal
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia.
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Bernemann C, Hülsewig C, Ruckert C, Schäfer S, Blümel L, Hempel G, Götte M, Greve B, Barth PJ, Kiesel L, Liedtke C. Influence of secreted frizzled receptor protein 1 (SFRP1) on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer does not rely on WNT signaling. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:174. [PMID: 25033833 PMCID: PMC4110378 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by lack of expression of both estrogen and progesterone receptor as well as lack of overexpression or amplification of HER2. Despite an increased probability of response to chemotherapy, many patients resistant to current chemotherapy regimens suffer from a worse prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. However, molecular determinants of response to chemotherapy specific to TNBC remain largely unknown. Thus, there is a high demand for biomarkers potentially stratifying triple negative breast cancer patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapies or alternative therapies. METHODS In order to identify genes correlating with both the triple negative breast cancer subtype as well as response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy we employed publicly available gene expression profiles of patients, which had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Analysis of tissue microarrays as well as breast cancer cell lines revealed correlation to the triple negative breast cancer subtype. Subsequently, effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown on response to standard chemotherapeutic agents as well as radiation therapy were analyzed. Additionally, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms by which SFRP1 alters the carcinogenic properties of breast cancer cells. RESULTS SFRP1 was identified as being significantly overexpressed in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Additionally, SFRP1 expression is significantly correlated with an increased probability of positive response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Knockdown of SFRP1 in triple negative breast cancer cells renders the cells more resistant to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, tumorigenic properties of the cells are modified by knockdown, as shown by both migration or invasion capacity as well reduced apoptotic events. Surprisingly, we found that these effects do not rely on Wnt signaling. Furthermore, we show that pro-apoptotic as well as migratory pathways are differentially regulated after SFRP1 knockdown. CONCLUSION We could firstly show that SFRP1 strongly correlates with the triple negative breast cancer subtype and secondly, that SFRP1 might be used as a marker stratifying patients to positively respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mechanisms by which tumor suppressor SFRP1 influences carcinogenic properties of cancer cells do not rely on Wnt signaling, thereby demonstrating the complexity of tumor associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Bernemann
- Translational Tumor Biology Group, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of highly variable and dynamic components that regulate cell behavior. The protein composition and physical properties of the ECM govern cell fate through biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms. This requires a carefully orchestrated and thorough regulation considering that a disturbed ECM can have serious consequences and lead to pathological conditions like cancer. In breast cancer, many ECM proteins are significantly deregulated and specific matrix components promote tumor progression and metastatic spread. Intriguingly, several ECM proteins that are associated with breast cancer development, overlap substantially with a group of ECM proteins induced during the state of tissue remodeling such as mammary gland involution. Fibrillar collagens, fibronectin, hyaluronan and matricellular proteins are matrix components that are common to both involution and cancer. Moreover, some of these proteins have in recent years been identified as important constituents of metastatic niches in breast cancer. In addition, specific ECM molecules, their receptors or enzymatic modifiers are significantly involved in resistance to therapeutic intervention. Further analysis of these ECM proteins and the downstream ECM mediated signaling pathways may provide a range of possibilities to identify druggable targets against advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Oskarsson
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Resovi A, Pinessi D, Chiorino G, Taraboletti G. Current understanding of the thrombospondin-1 interactome. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:83-91. [PMID: 24476925 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The multifaceted action of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) depends on its ability to physically interact with different ligands, including structural components of the extracellular matrix, other matricellular proteins, cell receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases. Through this network, TSP-1 regulates the ligand activity, availability and structure, ultimately tuning the cell response to environmental stimuli in a context-dependent manner, contributing to physiological and pathological processes. Complete mapping of the TSP-1 interactome is needed to understand its diverse functions and to lay the basis for the rational design of TSP-1-based therapeutic approaches. So far, large-scale approaches to identify TSP-1 ligands have been rarely used, but many interactions have been identified in small-scale studies in defined biological systems. This review, based on information from protein interaction databases and the literature, illustrates current knowledge of the TSP-1 interactome map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Resovi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Denise Pinessi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Fondo Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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25
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Surana R, Sikka S, Cai W, Shin EM, Warrier SR, Tan HJG, Arfuso F, Fox SA, Dharmarajan AM, Kumar AP. Secreted frizzled related proteins: Implications in cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:53-65. [PMID: 24316024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression becaluse of its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular inhibitors of Wnt signaling that act by binding directly to Wnt ligands or to Frizzled receptors. In recent years, aberrant expression of SFRPs has been reported to be associated with numerous cancers. As gene expression of SFRP members is often lost through promoter hypermethylation, inhibition of methylation through the use of epigenetic modifying agents could renew the expression of SFRP members and further antagonize deleterious Wnt signaling. Several reports have described epigenetic silencing of these Wnt signaling antagonists in various human cancers, suggesting their possible role as tumor suppressors. SFRP family members thus come across as potential tools in combating Wnt-driven tumorigenesis. However, little is known about SFRP family members and their role in different cancers. This review comprehensively covers all the available information on the role of SFRP molecules in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Surana
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sakshi Sikka
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eun Myoung Shin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha R Warrier
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Hong Jie Gabriel Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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26
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Gauger KJ, Bassa LM, Henchey EM, Wyman J, Bentley B, Brown M, Shimono A, Schneider SS. Mice deficient in Sfrp1 exhibit increased adiposity, dysregulated glucose metabolism, and enhanced macrophage infiltration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78320. [PMID: 24339864 PMCID: PMC3855156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of obesity and related complications remain unclear. Wnt signaling plays an important role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The expression of a Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), is increased in response to initial weight gain, then levels are reduced under conditions of extreme obesity in both humans and animals. Here we report that loss of Sfrp1 exacerbates weight gain, glucose homeostasis and inflammation in mice in response to diet induced obesity (DIO). Sfrp1-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) exhibited an increase in body mass accompanied by increases in body fat percentage, visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and adipocyte size. Moreover, Sfrp1 deficiency increases the mRNA levels of key de novo lipid synthesis genes (Fasn, Acaca, Acly, Elovl, Scd1) and the transcription factors that regulate their expression (Lxr-α, Srebp1, Chreb, and Nr1h3) in WAT. Fasting glucose levels are elevated, glucose clearance is impaired, hepatic gluconeogenesis regulators are aberrantly upregulated (G6pc and Pck1), and glucose transporters are repressed (Slc2a2 and Slc2a4) in Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD. Additionally, we observed increased steatosis in the livers of Sfrp1-/- mice. When there is an expansion of adipose tissue there is a sustained inflammatory response accompanied by adipokine dysregulation, which leads to chronic subclinical inflammation. Thus, we assessed the inflammatory state of different tissues and revealed that Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory markers including IL-6, Nmnat, Tgf-β2, and SerpinE1. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of Sfrp1 is a critical factor required for maintaining appropriate cellular signaling in response to the onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Gauger
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lotfi M. Bassa
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Henchey
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josephine Wyman
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brooke Bentley
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa Brown
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Xavier CP, Melikova M, Chuman Y, Üren A, Baljinnyam B, Rubin JS. Secreted Frizzled-related protein potentiation versus inhibition of Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Cell Signal 2013; 26:94-101. [PMID: 24080158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling regulates a variety of cellular processes during embryonic development and in the adult. Many of these activities are mediated by the Frizzled family of seven-pass transmembrane receptors, which bind Wnts via a conserved cysteine-rich domain (CRD). Secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) contain an amino-terminal, Frizzled-like CRD and a carboxyl-terminal, heparin-binding netrin-like domain. Previous studies identified sFRPs as soluble Wnt antagonists that bind directly to Wnts and prevent their interaction with Frizzleds. However, subsequent observations suggested that sFRPs and Frizzleds form homodimers and heterodimers via their respective CRDs, and that sFRPs can stimulate signal transduction. Here, we present evidence that sFRP1 either inhibits or enhances signaling in the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway, depending on its concentration and the cellular context. Nanomolar concentrations of sFRP1 increased Wnt3a signaling, while higher concentrations blocked it in HEK293 cells expressing a SuperTopFlash reporter. sFRP1 primarily augmented Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling in C57MG cells, but it behaved as an antagonist in L929 fibroblasts. sFRP1 enhanced reporter activity in L cells that were engineered to stably express Frizzled 5, though not Frizzled 2. This implied that the Frizzled expression pattern could determine the response to sFRP1. Similar results were obtained with sFRP2 in HEK293, C57MG and L cell reporter assays. CRDsFRP1 mimicked the potentiating effect of sFRP1 in multiple settings, contradicting initial expectations that this domain would inhibit Wnt signaling. Moreover, CRDsFRP1 showed little avidity for Wnt3a compared to sFRP1, implying that the mechanism for potentiation by CRDsFRP1 probably does not require an interaction with Wnt protein. Together, these findings demonstrate that sFRPs can either promote or suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling, depending on cellular context, concentration and most likely the expression pattern of Fzd receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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28
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Abstract
This review is focusing on a critical mediator of embryonic and postnatal development with multiple implications in inflammation, neoplasia, and other pathological situations in brain and peripheral tissues. These morphogenetic guidance and dependence processes are involved in several malignancies targeting the epithelial and immune systems including the progression of human colorectal cancers. We consider the most important findings and their impact on basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. Expected information can bring new cues for innovative, efficient, and safe strategies of personalized medicine based on molecular markers, protagonists, signaling networks, and effectors inherent to the Netrin axis in pathophysiological states.
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Man XH, Wang W, Wang SF, Gao J, Gong YF, Li ZS. Clinical significance of sFRP1 protein expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1520-1525. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i17.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) protein in different pancreatic tissues (normal pancreatic duct, NP; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC; pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PanIN; and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, IPMN) and evaluate its significance in the carcinogenesis of PDAC.
METHODS: Immunohistochemical detection of sFRP1 protein was performed in 21 foci of NP, 73 foci of PanIN-1, 29 foci of PanIN-2, 16 foci of PanIN-3, 20 cases of IPMN-adenoma (IPMA), 13 cases of IPMN-borderline (IPMB), 19 cases of IPMN-carcinoma (IPMC), and 50 cases of PDAC. The correlation between sFRP1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of PDAC was analyzed.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemical score (IHCS) of sFRP1 expression escalated with the severity of tissue atypia along the progressive multistage: NP→PanIN-1→PanIN-2, PanIN-3, PDAC or NP→IPMA, IPMB→IPMC, PDAC. sFRP1 expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and neural infiltration.
CONCLUSION: sFRP-1 expression enhancement is an early event in the carcinogenesis of PDAC, representing an important molecular characteristic of neural infiltration.
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal of all the genitourinary cancers, as it is generally refractory to current treatment regimens, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Targeted therapies against critical signaling pathways associated with RCC pathogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and mammalian target of rapamycin, have shown limited efficacy so far. Thus, Wnt signaling, which is known to be intricately involved in the pathogenesis of RCC, has attracted much interest. Several Wnt signaling components have been examined in RCC, and, while studies suggest that Wnt signaling is constitutively active in RCC, the molecular mechanisms differ considerably from other human carcinomas. Increasing evidence indicates that secreted Wnt antagonists have important roles in RCC pathogenesis. Considering these vital roles, it has been postulated--and supported by experimental evidence--that the functional loss of Wnt antagonists, for example by promoter hypermethylation, can contribute to constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway, resulting in carcinogenesis through dysregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, subsequent functional studies of these Wnt antagonists have demonstrated the inherent complexities underlying their role in RCC pathogenesis.
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