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Thoraval L, Thiébault E, Siboni R, Moniot A, Guillaume C, Jacobs A, Nedelec JM, Renaudin G, Descamps S, Valfort O, Gangloff S, Braux J, Marchat D, Velard F. The acute inflammatory response to copper(II)-doped biphasic calcium phosphates. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100814. [PMID: 37841800 PMCID: PMC10568289 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are two key features to consider to avoid septic or aseptic loosening of bone-implanted biomaterials. In this context, various approaches to fine-tune the biomaterial's properties have been studied in order to modulate the crosstalk between immune and skeletal cells. Cation-doping strategies for tuning of calcium phosphates properties has been evidenced as a promising way to control the biomaterial-induced inflammatory process, and thus improving their osteoimmunomodulatory properties. Copper(II) ions are recognized for their antibacterial potential, but the literature on their impact on particulate material-induced acute inflammation is scarce. We synthesized copper(II) ions-doped biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), intended to exhibit osteoimmunomodulatory properties. We addressed in vitro, for the first time, the inflammatory response of human primary polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to copper(II) ions-doped or undoped (BCP) powders, synthesized by an original and robust wet method, in the presence or absence of LPS as a costimulant to mimic an infectious environment. ELISA and zymography allowed us to evidence, in vitro, a specific increase in IL-8 and GRO-α secretion but not MIP-1β, TNF-α, or MMP-9, by PMNs. To assess in vivo relevance of these findings, we used a mouse air pouch model. Thanks to flow cytometry analysis, we highlighted an increased PMN recruitment with the copper(II) ions-doped samples compared to undoped samples. The immunomodulatory effect of copper(II) ions-doped BCP powders and the consequent induced moderate level of inflammation may promote bacterial clearance by PMNs in addition to the antimicrobial potential of the material. Copper(II) doping provides new insights into calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterials for prosthesis coating or bone reconstruction by effectively modulating the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Thoraval
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - E. Thiébault
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - R. Siboni
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - A. Moniot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - C. Guillaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - A. Jacobs
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J.-M. Nedelec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G. Renaudin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Descamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O. Valfort
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S.C. Gangloff
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - J. Braux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
| | - D. Marchat
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F. Velard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA4691 “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux” BIOS, Reims, France
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Xu Y, Xu C, Yang K, Ma L, Li G, Shi Y, Feng X, Tan L, Duan D, Luo Z, Yang C. Copper Ion-Modified Germanium Phosphorus Nanosheets Integrated with an Electroactive and Biodegradable Hydrogel for Neuro-Vascularized Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301151. [PMID: 37421228 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe bone defects accompanied by vascular and peripheral nerve injuries represent a huge orthopedic challenge and are often accompanied by the risk of infection. Thus, biomaterials with antibacterial and neurovascular regeneration properties are highly desirable. Here, a newly designed biohybrid biodegradable hydrogel (GelMA) containing copper ion-modified germanium-phosphorus (GeP) nanosheets, which act as neuro-vascular regeneration and antibacterial agents, is designed. The copper ion modification process serves to improve the stability of the GeP nanosheets and offers a platform for the sustained release of bioactive ions. Study findings show that GelMA/GeP@Cu has effective antibacterial properties. The integrated hydrogel can significantly boost the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, facilitate angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and up-regulate neural differentiation-related proteins in neural stem cells in vitro. In vivo, in the rat calvarial bone defect mode, the GelMA/GeP@Cu hydrogel is found to enhance angiogenesis and neurogenesis, eventually contributing to bone regeneration. These findings indicate that in the field of bone tissue engineering, GelMA/GeP@Cu can serve as a valuable biomaterial for neuro-vascularized bone regeneration and infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunsong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Deyu Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Ekhlasmand kermani M, Kheiri A, Amid R, Torshabi M, Houshmand B, Parsayan S. Sterility and bioactivity evaluation of two types of bone graft substitutes after removing the original packaging. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2023; 15:15-21. [PMID: 37645549 PMCID: PMC10460786 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Xenograft and allograft bone substitutes are widely used to replace the missing bone in defects. Since removing the packaging of these grafts can nullify their sterilization, this study aimed to evaluate the sterility and bioactivity changes of an allograft and a xenograft following uncapping/recap. Methods Two types of commercial allograft and xenograft vials were unpacked and further exposed to operating room air, where implant surgery was performed for one second, ten minutes, and one hour. After three repetitions, samples were analyzed using microbiological tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) for sterility and bioactivity evaluation. Results None of the bone graft samples showed microbial growth or bioactivity-negative changes after seven days of unpacking the vials. Conclusion Despite the positive results of this study, future studies and more analysis considering influential factors are required. Also, disinfection and air exchange must still be observed during biomaterial application and bone grafting procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ekhlasmand kermani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Aida Kheiri
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amid
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Houshmand
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Parsayan
- Dental Student, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteomyelitis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081563. [PMID: 36015188 PMCID: PMC9412360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection remains one of the largest threats to global health. Among those infections that are especially troublesome, osteomyelitis, or inflammation of the bone, typically due to infection, is a particularly difficult condition to diagnose and treat. This difficulty stems not only from the biological complexities of opportunistic infections designed to avoid the onslaught of both the host immune system as well as exogenous antibiotics, but also from changes in the host vasculature and the heterogeneity of infectious presentations. While several groups have attempted to classify and stage osteomyelitis, controversy remains, often delaying diagnosis and treatment. Despite a host of preclinical treatment advances being incubated in academic and company research and development labs worldwide, clinical treatment strategies remain relatively stagnant, including surgical debridement and lengthy courses of intravenous antibiotics, both of which may compromise the overall health of the bone and the patient. This manuscript reviews the current methods for diagnosing and treating osteomyelitis and then contemplates the role that nanotechnology might play in the advancement of osteomyelitis treatment.
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Hympanova M, Oliver-Urrutia C, Vojta M, Macháček M, Krupka P, Kukla R, Celko L, Montufar EB, Marek J. Assessment of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on calcium phosphate ceramics: The role of crystalline composition and microstructure. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212750. [PMID: 35929222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that initiates the colonization of the pellicle at the tooth surface. It forms a plaque, together with other bacteria, which gradually dissolves the pellicle and leaves the tooth surface unprotected against the acidic oral environment. Calcium phosphate ceramics are excellent synthetic materials for the study of biofilm formation in dentistry because they are comparable to teeth in chemical composition and structure. Calcium phosphates can be processed to achieve a variety of crystalline compounds with biologically relevant ionic substitutions and structures that allow study of the effect of the surface chemistry and the topography independently. In this article, we describe the preparation and characterization of three types of calcium phosphate-based materials as a suitable surface for the formation of the S. mutans biofilm: beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); sintered hydroxyapatite (SHA); and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). The densest biofilms were formed on the surfaces of SHA and CDHA, with no significant differences due to the stoichiometry or microstructure. In contrast, β-TCP showed a lower susceptibility to S. mutans biofilm formation, suggesting that the crystalline structure is the controlling parameter. Subsequently, SHA was selected to develop a dental biofilm model that allowed study of S. mutans biofilm susceptibility to chlorhexidine and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hympanova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Carolina Oliver-Urrutia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vojta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krupka
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Kukla
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Celko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar B Montufar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Marek
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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6
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Karbysheva S, Cabric S, Koliszak A, Bervar M, Kirschbaum S, Hardt S, Perka C, Trampuz A. Clinical evaluation of dithiothreitol in comparison with sonication for biofilm dislodgement in the microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Shen Q, Qi Y, Kong Y, Bao H, Wang Y, Dong A, Wu H, Xu Y. Advances in Copper-Based Biomaterials With Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:795425. [PMID: 35127670 PMCID: PMC8811349 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.795425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating bone defects coupled with pathogen infections poses a formidable challenge to clinical medicine. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop orthopedic implants that provide excellent antibacterial and osteogenic properties. Of the various types, copper-based biomaterials capable of both regenerating bone and fighting infections are an effective therapeutic strategy for bone tissue engineering and therefore have attracted significant research interest. This review examines the advantages of copper-based biomaterials for biological functions and introduces these materials’ antibacterial mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge about the application of copper-based biomaterials with antimicrobial and osteogenic properties in the prevention and treatment of bone infection and discuss their potential uses in the field of orthopedics. By examining both broad and in-depth research, this review functions as a practical guide to developing copper-based biomaterials and offers directions for possible future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yansong Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yangzhi Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huricha Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Alideertu Dong, ; Haixia Wu, ; Yongsheng Xu,
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Vidallon MLP, Teo BM. Recent developments in biomolecule-based nanoencapsulation systems for antimicrobial delivery and biofilm disruption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:13907-13917. [PMID: 33146161 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05880g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules are very attractive nanomaterial components, generally, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, abundance, renewability, and sustainability, as compared to other resources for nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Biomolecule-based nanoencapsulation and nanodelivery systems can be designed and engineered for antimicrobial cargos in order to surmount classical and current challenges, including the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of microorganisms, the low effectiveness and limitations in the applicability of the present antimicrobials, and biofilm formation. This feature article highlights the recent applications and capabilities of biomacromolecule-based nanomaterials for the delivery and activity enhancement of antimicrobials, and disruption of biofilms. Unique properties of some nanomaterials, arising from specific biomacromolecules, were also emphasized. We expect that this review will be helpful to researchers in engineering new types of antimicrobial nanocarriers, hybrid particles and colloidal systems with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Louis P Vidallon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Boon Mian Teo
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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9
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Jacobs A, Renaudin G, Forestier C, Nedelec JM, Descamps S. Biological properties of copper-doped biomaterials for orthopedic applications: A review of antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic aspects. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:21-39. [PMID: 33007487 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element required for human life, and is involved in several physiological mechanisms. Today researchers have found and confirmed that Cu has biological properties which are particularly useful for orthopedic biomaterials applications such as implant coatings or biodegradable filler bone substitutes. Indeed, Cu exhibits antibacterial functions, provides angiogenic ability and favors osteogenesis; these represent major key points for ideal biomaterial integration and the healing process that follows. The antibacterial performances of copper-doped biomaterials present an interesting alternative to the massive use of prophylactic antibiotics and help to limit the development of antibiotic resistance. By stimulating blood vessel growth and new bone formation, copper contributes to the improved bio-integration of biomaterials. This review describes the bio-functional advantages offered by Cu and focuses on the antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic properties of Cu-doped biomaterials with potential for orthopedic applications.
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10
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Sadaba N, Larrañaga A, Orpella-Aceret G, Bettencourt AF, Martin V, Biggs M, Ribeiro IAC, Ugartemendia JM, Sarasua JR, Zuza E. Benefits of Polydopamine as Particle/Matrix Interface in Polylactide/PD-BaSO 4 Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5480. [PMID: 32751908 PMCID: PMC7432262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the versatility of polydopamine (PD) when applied as a particle coating in a composite of polylactide (PLA). Polydopamine was observed to increase the particle-matrix interface strength and facilitate the adsorption of drugs to the material surface. Here, barium sulfate radiopaque particles were functionalized with polydopamine and integrated into a polylactide matrix, leading to the formulation of a biodegradable and X-ray opaque material with enhanced mechanical properties. Polydopamine functionalized barium sulfate particles also facilitated the adsorption and release of the antibiotic levofloxacin. Analysis of the antibacterial capacity of these composites and the metabolic activity and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro demonstrated that these materials are non-cytotoxic and can be 3D printed to formulate complex biocompatible materials for bone fixation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Sadaba
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering EIB 1, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Polymat, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering EIB 1, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Polymat, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland (NUIG), Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Gemma Orpella-Aceret
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland (NUIG), Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana F Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor Martin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- Portugal/LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manus Biggs
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland (NUIG), Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jone M Ugartemendia
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering EIB 1, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Polymat, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering EIB 1, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Polymat, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Zuza
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering EIB 1, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Polymat, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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High Potential of Bacterial Adhesion on Block Bone Graft Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092102. [PMID: 32370084 PMCID: PMC7254222 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone graft infections represent a challenge in daily clinics, resulting in increased patient discomfort and graft removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial adhesion of five representative pathogens on three different block bone graft materials (xenogeneic, alloplastic and allogeneic) and to assess if chlorhexidine (CHX) can effectively control the initial bacterial adhesion. Three different block bone grafting materials (Tutobone®, Endobon® and human spongiosa) were incubated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence or absence of 0.2% CHX solution. Bacterial adhesion was assessed by the direct counting of the colony-forming units (CFUs) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, the selected bacterial species adhered successfully to all tested bone replacement scaffolds, which showed similar bacterial counts. The lg CFU values ranged from 5.29 ± 0.14 to 5.48 ± 0.72 for E. coli, from 4.37 ± 0.62 to 5.02 ± 0.48 for S. aureus, from 4.92 ± 0.34 to 4.95 ± 0.21 for S. mutans, from 4.97 ± 0.40 to 5.22 ± 0.13 for E. faecalis and from 4.23 ± 0.54 to 4.58 ± 0.26 for P. aeruginosa. CHX did not interfere with initial microbial adhesion, and yet it killed all adhered bacterial cells. Thus, CHX can be used to prevent subsequent biofilm infections.
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12
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Karbysheva S, Di Luca M, Butini ME, Winkler T, Schütz M, Trampuz A. Comparison of sonication with chemical biofilm dislodgement methods using chelating and reducing agents: Implications for the microbiological diagnosis of implant associated infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231389. [PMID: 32267888 PMCID: PMC7141651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of implant-associated infections is hampered due to microbial adherence and biofilm formation on the implant surface. Sonication of explanted devices was shown to improve the microbiological diagnosis by physical removal of biofilms. Recently, chemical agents have been investigated for biofilm dislodgement such as the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). We compared the activity of chemical methods for biofilm dislodgement to sonication in an established in vitro model of artificial biofilm. Biofilm-producing laboratory strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), S. aureus (ATCC 43300), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 53278) were used. After 3 days of biofilm formation, porous glass beads were exposed to control (0.9% NaCl), sonication or chemical agents. Quantitative and qualitative biofilm analyses were performed by colony counting, isothermal microcalorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Recovered colony counts after treatment with EDTA and DTT were similar to those after exposure to 0.9% NaCl for biofilms of S. epidermidis (6.3 and 6.1 vs. 6.0 log10 CFU/mL, S. aureus (6.4 and 6.3 vs. 6.3 log10 CFU/mL), E. coli (5.2 and 5.1 vs. 5.1 log10 CFU/mL and P. aeruginosa (5.1 and 5.2 vs. 5.0 log10 CFU/mL, respectively). In contrast, with sonication higher CFU counts were detected with all tested microorganisms (7.5, 7.3, 6.2 and 6.5 log10 CFU/mL, respectively) (p <0.05). Concordant results were observed with isothermal microcalorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. In conclusion, sonication is superior to both tested chemical methods (EDTA and DTT) for dislodgement of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Future studies may evaluate potential additive effect of chemical dislodgement to sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Karbysheva
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Eugenia Butini
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schütz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Jamieson Trauma Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Topsakal A, Ekren N, Kilic O, Oktar FN, Mahirogullari M, Ozkan O, Sasmazel HT, Turk M, Bogdan IM, Stan GE, Gunduz O. Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial drug loaded β-tricalcium phosphate powders for bone engineering applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:16. [PMID: 31965360 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Powders of β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP, β-Ca3(PO4)2] and composite powders of β-TCP and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were synthesized by using wet precipitation methods. First, the conditions for the preparation of single phase β-TCP have been delineated. In the co-precipitation procedure, calcium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were used as calcium and phosphorous precursors, respectively. The pH of the system was varied in the range 7-11 by adding designed amounts of ammonia solution. The filtered cakes were desiccated at 80 °C and subsequently calcined at different temperatures in the range between 700-1100 °C. Later on, rifampicin form II was used to produce drug-loaded β-TCP and PVA/β-TCP powders. All the synthesized materials have been characterized from morphological (by scanning electron microscopy) and structural-chemical (by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) point of view. The drug loading capacity of the selected pure β-TCP powder has been assessed. The biological performance (cytocompatibility in fibroblast cell culture and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) has been tested with promising results. Application perspectives of the designed drug-bioceramic-polymer blends are advanced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Topsakal
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Ekren
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kilic
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faik N Oktar
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahir Mahirogullari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Memorial Hospital, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozkan
- Bioengineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beyte, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, Incek, 06830, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Turk
- Bioengineering Division, Engineering Faculty, Kirikkale University, Yahsihan, 71450, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Iuliana M Bogdan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - George E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Czuban M, Wulsten D, Wang L, Di Luca M, Trampuz A. Release of different amphotericin B formulations from PMMA bone cements and their activity against Candida biofilm. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110406. [PMID: 31401462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is used for local delivery from polymethylmethacrylate to treat fungal prosthetic joint infections. The optimal amphotericin B formulation and the influence of different poragens in the bone cements are unknown. To investigate the necessary amount of amphotericin B in the bone cement to prevent Candida biofilm several amphotericin B formulations were studied: non-liposomal and liposomal with or without poragen gentamicin. For the non-liposomal formulation, standard bile salt, the sodium deoxycholate, was used and additionally N-methyl-D-glucamine/palmitate was applied. The activity of the released amphotericin B was tested against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei biofilms with application of the isothermal calorimeter and standard microbiological methods. Compressive strength was measured before and after antifungal elution from the cements. There is less aggregated N-methyl-D-glucamine/palmitate amphotericin B released but its antifungal activity is equivalent with the deoxycholate amphotericin B. The minimum quantity of antifungal preventing the Candida biofilm formation is 12.5 mg in gram of polymer powder for both non-liposomal formulations. The addition of gentamicin reduced the release of sodium deoxycholate amphotericin B. Gentamicin can be added to N-methyl-D-glucamine/palmitate amphotericin B in order to boost the antifungal release. When using liposomal amphotericin B more drug is released. All amphotericin B formulations were active against Candida biofilms. Although compressive strength slightly decreased, the obtained values were above the level of strength recommended for the implant fixation. The finding of this work might be beneficial for the treatment of the prosthetic joint infections caused by Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czuban
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Germany; Freie Universität, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Germany
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Germany.
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Meng Y, Qiang W, Pang J. Fabrication and Microstructure of Laminated HAP⁻45S5 Bioglass Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030484. [PMID: 30720770 PMCID: PMC6384796 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has excellent biocompatibility with living bone tissue and does not cause defensive body reactions, therefore, it has become one of the most widely used calcium phosphate materials in dental and medical fields. However, its poor mechanical properties have been a substantial challenge in the application of HAP for the replacement of load-bearing or large bone defects. Laminated HAP–45S5 bioglass ceramics composites were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The interface structures between the HAP and 45S5 bioglass layers and the mechanical properties of the laminated composites were investigated. It was demonstrated that there was mutual transfer and exchange of Ca and Na atoms at the interface between 45S5 bioglass/HAP laminated layers, which contributed considerably to the interfacial bonding. Due from the laminated structure and strong interface bonding, laminated HAP–45S5 bioglass is recommended for structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenjiang Qiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jingqin Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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16
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Amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosans self-assemble onto bacterial and fungal biofilms and kill adherent microorganisms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Priya G, Anitha R, Akila R, Narendra Kumar U, Manjubala I. Biofilm formation by S.aureus on composite scaffolds – A qualitative and quantitative in vitro analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Ravn C, Ferreira IS, Maiolo E, Overgaard S, Trampuz A. Microcalorimetric detection of staphylococcal biofilm growth on various prosthetic biomaterials after exposure to daptomycin. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2809-2816. [PMID: 29744925 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary aim of this in vitro study was to test the efficacy of daptomycin to eradicate staphylococcal biofilms on various orthopedic implant materials. Secondary aim was to quantitatively estimate the formation of staphylococcal biofilm. We tested six clinically important biomaterials: Cobalt chrome, pure titanium, grid-blasted titanium, porous plasma-coated titanium with/without hydroxyapatite, and polyethylene. Biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were formed on the samples and thereafter exposed to daptomycin. Samples were subsequently sonicated in order to detect dislodged biofilm bacteria and transferred to a microcalorimeter for real-time measurement of growth-related heat flow. Minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined as the lowest concentration of daptomycin required to eradicate biofilm bacteria on the sample. Median MBEC of S. aureus biofilm on smooth metallic surfaces was lower than the rough metallic surfaces. In experiments with S. epidermidis, no pattern was seen in relation to the surface roughness. Regarding the quantitative estimation of staphylococcal biofilm formation on the sample, we found a significantly higher amount of biofilm growth on the rough surfaces than the smooth samples and polyethylene. In conclusion, the presented study showed that daptomycin could eradicate S. aureus biofilm at lower concentrations on the smooth surfaces compared to the rough surfaces, as well as polyethylene. In experiments with daptomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms, no pattern was seen in relation to the surface roughness. Furthermore, we demonstrated a faster detection of staphylococcal heat flow due to higher biofilm quantity on the rough surfaces compared to smooth samples and polyethylene. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2809-2816, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Ravn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inês S Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Maiolo
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Clauss M, Laschkolnig E, Graf S, Kühn KD. Influence of Sonication on Bacterial Regrowth from Antibiotic Loaded PMMA Scaffolds - An In-vitro Study. J Bone Jt Infect 2017; 2:213-217. [PMID: 29188173 PMCID: PMC5704003 DOI: 10.7150/jbji.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging complications after joint replacement. However, when treated correctly, chances of recovery are good. The most important step in correct diagnosis and management of PJI is the detection of the causative germ. In the last years, the use of sonication in the diagnostic process has become more important. However, this diagnostic methodology has been controversially discussed when used in combination with antibiotic loaded bone cement (PMMA), which is frequently used in joint replacement surgeries. The aim of this study was thus to analyse in vitro bacterial growth in sonication fluid cultures obtained from antibiotic loaded PMMA which were contaminated with various bacterial biofilms. Sonication fluid obtained from antibiotic loaded PMMA (Copal G+V and Copal G+C) and plain Palacos R (control) contaminated either with S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. sanguinis or P.acnes, were analysed for bacterial re-growth in a standardised in-vitro setting. In vitro bacterial growth was not interfered by released antibiotics from sonication of antibiotic loaded PMMA for S. aureus, E. faecalis and S. sanguinis. However, for P. acnes bacterial counts were affected by the released antibiotics as well as by the time delay between sonication and analysis. The in-vitro data suggest sonication to be an easy and sensitive diagnostic modality to detect easy-to-detect bacteria, however, results are alarming for the difficult-to-detect bacteria P. acnes, indicating that further attention and research is necessary to improve the detection of difficult-to-detect bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Clauss
- Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Interdisciplinary Unit for Orthopaedic Infections, Switzerland.,Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Switzerland
| | - Esther Laschkolnig
- Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Department for Microbiology, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Graf
- Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Interdisciplinary Unit for Orthopaedic Infections, Switzerland.,Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Department for Microbiology, Switzerland
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20
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Solokhina A, Brückner D, Bonkat G, Braissant O. Metabolic activity of mature biofilms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9225. [PMID: 28835629 PMCID: PMC5569076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are classified into two groups, fast- and slow-growing. Often, fast-growing mycobacteria are assumed to have a higher metabolic activity than their slower counterparts, but in mature biofilms this assumption might not be correct. Indeed, when measuring the metabolic activity of mycobacterial biofilms with two independent non-invasive techniques (isothermal microcalorimetry and tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry), mature biofilms of slow- and fast-growing species appeared more alike than expected. Metabolic heat production rate was 2298 ± 181 µW for M. smegmatis and 792 ± 81 µW for M. phlei, while M. tuberculosis and M. bovis metabolic heat production rates were between these values. These small differences were further confirmed by similar oxygen consumption rates (3.3 ± 0.2 nMole/s and 1.7 ± 0.3 nMole/s for M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis, respectively). These data suggest that the metabolic potential of slow-growing mycobacterial biofilms has been underestimated, particularly for pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solokhina
- Center of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, University Basel, Gewerbestr. 14, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - David Brückner
- Center of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, University Basel, Gewerbestr. 14, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- F. Hoffmann - La Roche, Ltd., Sterile Drug Product Manufacturing, Wurmisweg, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Bonkat
- Alta Uro AG, Centralbahnplatz 6, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Center of Biomechanics & Biocalorimetry, University Basel, Gewerbestr. 14, CH-4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
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21
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Ravn C, Furustrand Tafin U, Bétrisey B, Overgaard S, Trampuz A. Reduced ability to detect surface-related biofilm bacteria after antibiotic exposure under in vitro conditions. Acta Orthop 2016; 87:644-650. [PMID: 27775462 PMCID: PMC5119450 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1246795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Antibiotic treatment of patients before specimen collection reduces the ability to detect organisms by culture. We investigated the suppressive effect of antibiotics on the growth of non-adherent, planktonic, and surface-related biofilm bacteria in vitro by using sonication and microcalorimetry methods. Patients and methods - Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes were formed on porous glass beads and exposed for 24 h to antibiotic concentrations from 1 to 1,024 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin, daptomycin, rifampin, flucloxacillin, or ciprofloxacin. The beads were then sonicated to dislodge biofilm, followed by culture and measurement of growth-related heat flow by microcalorimetry of the resulting sonication fluid. Results - Vancomycin did not inhibit the heat flow of staphylococci and P. acnes at concentrations ≤1,024 μg/mL, whereas flucloxacillin at >128 μg/mL inhibited S. aureus. Daptomycin inhibited heat flow of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes at lower concentrations (32-128 times MIC, p < 0.001). Rifampin showed inconsistent results in staphylococci due to random emergence of resistance, which was observed at concentrations ≤1,024 times MIC (i.e. 8 μg/mL). Ciprofloxacin inhibited heat flow of E. coli at ≥4 times MIC (i.e. ≥ 0.06 μg/mL). Interpretation - Whereas time-dependent antibiotics (i.e. vancomycin and flucloxacillin) showed only weak growth suppression, concentration-dependent drugs (i.e. daptomycin and ciprofloxacin) had a strong suppressive effect on bacterial growth and reduced the ability to detect planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Exposure to rifampin rapidly caused emergence of resistance. Our findings indicate that preoperative administration of antibiotics may have heterogeneous effects on the ability to detect biofilm bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Ravn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital;,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;,Correspondence:
| | | | - Bertrand Bétrisey
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital;,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Uscátegui YL, Arévalo FR, Díaz LE, Cobo MI, Valero MF. Microbial degradation, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of polyurethanes based on modified castor oil and polycaprolactone. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:1860-1879. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1239948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yomaira L. Uscátegui
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Research Group on Energy, Materials and Environment, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Fabián R. Arévalo
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Research Group on Energy, Materials and Environment, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Luis E. Díaz
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Research Group on Energy, Materials and Environment, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Martha I. Cobo
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Research Group on Energy, Materials and Environment, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Manuel F. Valero
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Research Group on Energy, Materials and Environment, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
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23
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Posadowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Drożdż A, Krok-Borkowicz M, Włodarczyk-Biegun M, Dobrzyński P, Chrzanowski W, Pamuła E. Injectable hybrid delivery system composed of gellan gum, nanoparticles and gentamicin for the localized treatment of bone infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:613-20. [PMID: 26805778 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1146673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone infections are treated with antibiotics administered intravenously, antibiotic-releasing bone cements or collagen sponges placed directly in the infected area. These approaches render limited effectiveness due to the lack of site specificity and invasiveness of implanting cements and sponges. To address these limitations, we developed a novel polysaccharide hydrogel-based injectable system that enables controlled delivery of gentamicin (GENT). Its advantages are minimal invasiveness, and localized and finely regulated release of the drug. METHODS GENT was incorporated both directly within the gellan gum hydrogel and into poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles embedded into the hydrogel. RESULTS We confirmed the injectability of the system and measured extrusion force was 15.6 ± 1.0 N, which is suitable for injections. The system set properly after the injection as shown by rheological measurements. Desired burst release of the drug was observed within the first 12 h and the dose reached ~27% of total GENT. Subsequently, GENT was released gradually and sustainably: ~60% of initial dose within 90 days. In vitro studies confirmed antimicrobial activity of the system against Staphylococcus spp. and cytocompatibility with osteoblast-like cells. CONCLUSIONS Developed injectable system enables minimally invasive, local and sustained delivery of the pharmaceutically relevant doses of GENT to combat bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Posadowska
- a Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- b Department of Microbiology, Medical College , Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
| | - Anna Drożdż
- a Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- a Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dobrzyński
- d Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials , Polish Academy of Sciences , Zabrze , Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- a Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
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Ferreira IS, Bettencourt A, Bétrisey B, Gonçalves LMD, Trampuz A, Almeida AJ. Improvement of the antibacterial activity of daptomycin-loaded polymeric microparticles by Eudragit RL 100: an assessment by isothermal microcalorimetry. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:171-82. [PMID: 25772414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop novel daptomycin-loaded acrylic microparticles with improved release profiles and antibacterial activity against two clinically relevant methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MSSA and MRSA, respectively). Daptomycin was encapsulated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA-Eudragit RL 100 (EUD) microparticles by a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. For comparison purposes similar formulations were prepared with vancomycin. Particle morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, physicochemical properties, in vitro release and biocompatibility were assessed. Particles exhibited a micrometer size and a spherical morphology. The addition of EUD to the formulation caused a shift in the surface charge of the particles from negative zeta potential values (100% PMMA formulations) to strongly positive. It also improved daptomycin encapsulation efficiency and release, whereas vancomycin encapsulation and release were strongly hindered. Plain and antibiotic-loaded particles presented comparable biocompatibility profiles. The antibacterial activity of the particles was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry against both MSSA and MRSA. Daptomycin-loaded PMMA-EUD particles presented the highest antibacterial activity against both strains. The addition of 30% EUD to the daptomycin-loaded PMMA particles caused a 40- and 20-fold decrease in the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, respectively, when compared to the 100% PMMA formulations. On the other hand, vancomycin-loaded microparticles presented the highest antibacterial activity in PMMA particles. Unlike conventional methods, isothermal microcalorimetry proved to be a real-time, sensitive and accurate method for assessment of antibacterial activity of antibiotic-loaded polymeric microparticles. Finally, the addition of EUD to formulations proved to be a powerful strategy to improve daptomycin encapsulation efficiency and release, and consequently improving the microparticles activity against two relevant S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Santos Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bertrand Bétrisey
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lídia M D Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - António J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Takahashi C, Ogawa N, Kawashima Y, Yamamoto H. Observation of antibacterial effect of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles onStaphylococcus epidermidisbiofilm using FE-SEM with an ionic liquid. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 64:169-80. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Furustrand Tafin U, Betrisey B, Bohner M, Ilchmann T, Trampuz A, Clauss M. Staphylococcal biofilm formation on the surface of three different calcium phosphate bone grafts: a qualitative and quantitative in vivo analysis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:130. [PMID: 25693675 PMCID: PMC4333228 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Differences in physico-chemical characteristics of bone grafts to fill bone defects have been demonstrated to influence in vitro bacterial biofilm formation. Aim of the study was to investigate in vivo staphylococcal biofilm formation on different calcium phosphate bone substitutes. A foreign-body guinea-pig infection model was used. Teflon cages prefilled with β-tricalcium phosphate, calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) scaffold were implanted subcutaneously. Scaffolds were infected with 2 × 10(3) colony-forming unit of Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) or S. epidermidis and explanted after 3, 24 or 72 h of biofilm formation. Quantitative and qualitative biofilm analysis was performed by sonication followed by viable counts, and microcalorimetry, respectively. Independently of the material, S. aureus formed increasing amounts of biofilm on the surface of all scaffolds over time as determined by both methods. For S. epidermidis, the biofilm amount decreased over time, and no biofilm was detected by microcalorimetry on the DCP scaffolds after 72 h of infection. However, when using a higher S. epidermidis inoculum, increasing amounts of biofilm were formed on all scaffolds as determined by microcalorimetry. No significant variation in staphylococcal in vivo biofilm formation was observed between the different materials tested. This study highlights the importance of in vivo studies, in addition to in vitro studies, when investigating biofilm formation of bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Furustrand Tafin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unit of Septic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Betrisey
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Ilchmann
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland Liestal, Rheinstreet 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery including Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Clauss
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unit of Septic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- RMS Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland Liestal, Rheinstreet 26, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
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Peñalba Arias P, Furustrand Tafin U, Bétrisey B, Vogt S, Trampuz A, Borens O. Activity of bone cement loaded with daptomycin alone or in combination with gentamicin or PEG600 against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Injury 2015; 46:249-53. [PMID: 25498330 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a promising candidate for local treatment of bone infection due to its activity against multi-resistant staphylococci. We investigated the activity of antibiotic-loaded PMMA against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms using an ultra-sensitive method bacterial heat detection method (microcalorimetry). PMMA cylinders loaded with daptomycin alone or in combination with gentamicin or PEG600, vancomycin and gentamicin were incubated with S. epidermidis-RP62A in tryptic soy broth (TSB) for 72 h. Cylinders were thereafter washed and transferred in microcalorimetry ampoules pre-filled with TSB. Bacterial heat production, proportional to the quantity of biofilm on the PMMA, was measured by isothermal microcalorimetry at 37 °C. Heat detection time was considered time to reach 20 μW. Experiments were performed in duplicate. The heat detection time was 5.7-7.0 h for PMMA without antibiotics. When loaded with 5% of daptomycin, vancomycin or gentamicin, detection times were 5.6-16.4 h, 16.8-35.7 h and 4.7-6.2 h, respectively. No heat was detected when 5% gentamicin or 0.5% PEG600 was added to the daptomycin-loaded PMMA. The study showed that vancomycin was superior to daptomycin and gentamicin in inhbiting staphylococcal adherence in vitro. However, PMMA loaded with daptomycin combined with gentamicin or PEG600 completely inhibited S. epidermidis-biofilm formation. PMMA loaded with these combinations may represent effective strategies for local treatment in the presence of multi-resistant staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Peñalba Arias
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrika Furustrand Tafin
- Septic Surgical Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bertrand Bétrisey
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Vogt
- Research and Development, Heraeus Medical GmbH, Philipp-Reis-Straße 13, 61273 Wehrheim, Germany.
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-University Medicine, Free and Humboldt-University of Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olivier Borens
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Septic Surgical Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Oliva A, Pavone P, D'Abramo A, Iannetta M, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V. Role of Sonication in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Implant-Associated Infections: Beyond the Orthopedic Prosthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 897:85-102. [PMID: 26566645 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are difficult-to-treat conditions associated with high morbidity, mortality and length of hospitalization. They are characterized by biofilm formation on implant surface, which makes the microbiological diagnosis difficult and requires a complete device removal for the correct management. The sonication method, which is based on the application of long-wave ultrasounds radiating in a liquid medium, has been recently validated for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections. Additionally, this technique has been considered a potential tool in order to improve the microbiological diagnosis of infections associated with other foreign bodies, such as breast, urinary, endovascular and cerebral implants. In the present study, the application of sonication in the setting of implant-associated infections other than orthopedics will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Pavone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Abramo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Electron microscopy of Staphylococcus epidermidis fibril and biofilm formation using image-enhancing ionic liquid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1607-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Taglietti A, Arciola CR, D'Agostino A, Dacarro G, Montanaro L, Campoccia D, Cucca L, Vercellino M, Poggi A, Pallavicini P, Visai L. Antibiofilm activity of a monolayer of silver nanoparticles anchored to an amino-silanized glass surface. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1779-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Periprosthetic joint infections: clinical and bench research. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:549091. [PMID: 24288493 PMCID: PMC3826319 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication with high morbidity and substantial cost. The incidence is low but probably underestimated. Despite a significant basic and clinical research in this field, many questions concerning the definition of prosthetic infection as well the diagnosis and the management of these infections remained unanswered. We review the current literature about the new diagnostic methods, the management and the prevention of prosthetic joint infections.
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Barros J, Grenho L, Manuel CM, Ferreira C, Melo L, Nunes OC, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP. Influence of nanohydroxyapatite surface properties on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1325-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213507300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA), due to its chemical properties, has appeared as an exceptionally promising bioceramic to be used as bone regeneration material. Staphylococcus epidermidis have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with infections of implanted medical devices. In this work, the purpose was to study the influence of the nanoHA surface characteristics on S. epidermidis RP62A biofilm formation. Therefore, two different initial inoculum concentrations (Ci) were used in order to check if these would affect the biofilm formed on the nanoHA surfaces. Biofilm formation was followed by the enumeration of cultivable cells and by scanning electron microscopy. Surface topography, contact angle, total surface area and porosimetry of the biomaterials were studied and correlated with the biofilm data. The surface of nanoHA sintered at 830℃ (nanoHA830) showed to be more resistant to S. epidermidis attachment and accumulation than that of nanoHA sintered at 1000℃ (nanoHA1000). The biofilm formed on nanoHA830 presented differences in terms of structure, surface coverage and EPS production when compared to the one formed on nanoHA1000 surface. It was observed that topography and surface area of nanoHA surfaces had influence on the bacterial attachment and accumulation. Ci influenced bacteria attachment and accumulation on nanoHA surfaces over time. The choice of the initial inoculum concentration was relevant proving to have an effect on the extent of adherence thus being a critical point for human health if these materials are used in implantable devices. This study showed that the initial inoculum concentration and surface material properties determine the rate of microbial attachment to substrata and consequently are related to biofilm-associated infections in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barros
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Grenho
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - CM Manuel
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ULP – Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Melo
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - OC Nunes
- LEPAE – Laboratório de Engenharia dos Processos, Ambiente e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - FJ Monteiro
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - MP Ferraz
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED – Centro de Estudos em Biomedicina, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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In Vitro Activity of Gentamicin-Loaded Bioabsorbable Beads against Different Microorganisms. MATERIALS 2013; 6:3284-3293. [PMID: 28811436 PMCID: PMC5525159 DOI: 10.3390/ma6083284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is responsible for high treatment costs, long hospital stays, and results in substantial morbidity. Treatment with surgical debridement and antibiotic-impregnated Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) beads is the standard of care, providing high local but low serum antibiotic concentrations, thereby avoiding systemic toxicity. However, for several reasons, the beads require surgical removal. Alternative antibiotic delivery systems should improve the treatment of bone infection, actively encourage bone healing and require no additional surgery for removal. We investigated the activity of gentamicin-loaded bioabsorbable beads against different microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans) commonly causing surgical site bone infection, by microcalorimetry. Calcium sulphate beads containing gentamicin were incubated in microcalorimetry ampoules containing different concentrations of the corresponding microorganism. Growth medium with each germ and unloaded beads was used as positive control, growth medium with loaded beads alone as negative control. Bacterial growth-related heat production at 37 °C was measured for 24 h. Cultures without gentamicin-loaded beads produced heat-flow peaks corresponding to the exponential growth of the corresponding microorganisms in nutrient-rich medium. In contrast, cultures with gentamicin-loaded beads completely suppressed heat production during 24 h, demonstrating their antibiotic activity. Gentamicin-loaded beads effectively inhibited growth of susceptible microorganisms, under the described in vitro conditions.
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Material and biofilm load of K wires in toe surgery: titanium versus stainless steel. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471:2312-7. [PMID: 23504538 PMCID: PMC3676592 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-2919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence rates for toe deformity correction are high and primarily are attributable to scar contractures. These contractures may result from subclinical infection. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We hypothesized that (1) recurrence of toe deformities and residual pain are related to low-grade infections from biofilm formation on percutaneous K wires, (2) biofilm formation is lower on titanium (Ti) K wires compared with stainless steel (SS) K wires, and (3) clinical outcome is superior with the use of Ti K wires compared with SS K wires. METHODS In this prospective nonrandomized, comparative study, we investigated 135 lesser toe deformities (61 patients; 49 women; mean ± SD age, 60 ± 15 years) temporarily fixed with K wires between August 2010 and March 2011 (81 SS, 54 Ti). K wires were removed after 6 weeks. The presence of biofilm-related infections was analyzed by sonication. RESULTS High bacterial loads (> 500 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) were detected on all six toes requiring revision before 6 months. Increased bacterial load was associated with pain and swelling but not recurrence of the deformity. More SS K wires had greater than 100 CFU/mL bacteria than Ti K wires. For K wires with a bacterial count greater than 100 CFU/mL, toes with Ti K wires had a lower recurrence rate, less pain, and less swelling than toes with SS K wires. CONCLUSIONS Ti K wires showed superior clinical outcomes to SS K wires. This appears to be attributable to reduced infection rates. Although additional study is needed, we currently recommend the use of Ti K wires for the transfixation of toe deformities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Dresing K. Infektionen in Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2013; 25:220-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00064-013-0254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rieger UM, Mesina J, Kalbermatten DF, Haug M, Frey HP, Pico R, Frei R, Pierer G, Lüscher NJ, Trampuz A. Bacterial biofilms and capsular contracture in patients with breast implants. Br J Surg 2013; 100:768-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been hypothesized that bacterial biofilms on breast implants may cause chronic inflammation leading to capsular contracture. The association between bacterial biofilms of removed implants and capsular contracture was investigated.
Methods
Breast implants explanted between 2006 and 2010 at five participating centres for plastic and reconstructive surgery were investigated by sonication. Bacterial cultures derived from sonication were correlated with patient, surgical and implant characteristics, and the degree of capsular contracture.
Results
The study included 121 breast implants from 84 patients, of which 119 originated from women and two from men undergoing gender reassignment. Some 50 breast prostheses were implanted for reconstruction, 48 for aesthetic reasons and 23 implants were used as temporary expander devices. The median indwelling time was 4·0 (range 0·1–32) years for permanent implants and 3 (range 1–6) months for temporary devices. Excluding nine implants with clinical signs of infection, sonication cultures were positive in 40 (45 per cent) of 89 permanent implants and in 12 (52 per cent) of 23 temporary devices. Analysis of permanent implants showed that a positive bacterial culture after sonication correlated with the degree of capsular contracture: Baker I, two of 11 implants; Baker II, two of ten; Baker III, nine of 23; and Baker IV, 27 of 45 (P < 0·001). The most frequent organisms were Propionibacterium acnes (25 implants) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (21).
Conclusion
Sonication cultures correlated with the degree of capsular contracture, indicating the potential causative role of bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of capsular contracture. Registration number: NCT01138891 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Rieger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
| | - J Mesina
- Medical Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
| | - D F Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Haug
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
| | - H P Frey
- Clinic Löwencenter, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - R Pico
- Clinic Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| | - R Frei
- Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
| | - G Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N J Lüscher
- Crossklinik im Merian Iselin Spital, Basle, Switzerland
| | - A Trampuz
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Charité – University Medicine, Free and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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The diagnostic protocol for evaluation of periprosthetic joint infection. Hip Int 2013; 22 Suppl 8:S25-35. [PMID: 22956369 DOI: 10.5301/hip.2012.9567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection is becoming the most important as well as the most devastating mechanism of prosthetic joint failure. The incidence is increasing because the absolute number of patients operated is increasing and because more often very sick, debilitated and immunocompromised patients are operated. The trend reveals a further increase in the years to come. Diagnosis may be very easy in case of high grade processes, but also extremely difficult in some other instances. Misdiagnosing infection leads to repeated early failures that are distressing for patients as well as surgeons. To avoid failures related to misdiagnosed prosthetic joint infections a step-wise algorithm of action is proposed and the diagnostic strength of the steps discussed. The key point is to select potential candidates to define the probability of an ongoing infection and then to select the tools to strengthen the suspicion. Further procedures are based on the analysis of the pseudo-synovial fluid obtained by aspiration. Diagnostic conclusions form the basis for treatment decisions.
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Drago L, Romanò CL, Mattina R, Signori V, De Vecchi E. Does dithiothreitol improve bacterial detection from infected prostheses? A pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:2915-25. [PMID: 22695865 PMCID: PMC3442005 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonication and scraping of infected prostheses usually are used to improve diagnosis of prosthetic infections, reducing false negatives. Chemical methods that reduce biofilms also may allow higher levels of detection. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore asked: (1) Do dithiothreitol (DTT) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) remove bacteria from biofilm formed on prosthetic materials? (2) Is bacterial recovery affected by differing DTT and NAC concentrations and incubation times? (3) Do treatments with DTT and NAC detach the same amounts of bacteria from biofilm on prosthetic materials as sonication and scraping? (4) Are these methods reproducible? METHODS We treated polyethylene and titanium discs covered by biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with DTT or NAC solutions at different concentrations for different times. We compared colony counts of S aureus, P aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli after treatment with NAC, DTT, sonication and scraping. We determined colony counts after treatment of biofilm formed by one strain of S aureus and one of P aeruginosa on five discs of each material analyzed on the same day and on five discs analyzed on five consecutive days. RESULTS Mean colony counts (LogCFU/mL) obtained after treatment with 1 g/L DTT for 15 minutes (5.3) were similar to those after sonication (4.9) and greater than those obtaining by scraping (3.4) and treatment with 2 g/L NAC for 30 minutes (1.9). DTT and sonication showed good reproducibility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that treatment of prostheses with DTT may be a reasonable alternative to sonication to improve detection of biofilm-associated bacteria and supplement conventional laboratory culturing techniques for diagnosing periprosthetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy ,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Luca Romanò
- Centro di Chirurgia Ricostruttiva e delle Infezioni Osteo-articolari, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mattina
- Department Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Signori
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Silicon nitride films for the protective functional coating: blood compatibility and biomechanical property study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 16:9-20. [PMID: 23137618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Behaviors of silicon nitride films and their relation to blood compatibility and biomechanical have been interesting subjects to researchers. A systematic blood compatibility and biomechanical property investigation on the deposition of silicon-nitride films under varying N₂ and CF₄ flows was carried out by direct current unbalanced magnetron sputtering techniques. Significant role of surface property, chemical bonding state of silicon nitride film and blood compatibility, mechanical properties for the films were observed. The chemical bonding configurations, surface topography, contact angle and mechanical properties were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nano-indentation technique and CSEM pin-on-disk tribometer. Blood compatibility of the films was evaluated by platelet adhesion investigation. The results of the platelet adhesion tests shown that the effect of fluorine and nitrogen-doped revealed an intimate relationship between the ratio of polar component and dispersion component of the surface energy and its hemocompatibility. Si-N-O coating can be a great candidate for developing antithrombogenic surfaces in blood contacting materials. The chemical bonding state made an adjustment in microstructured surfaces, once in the totally wettable configuration, may improve the initial contact between platelet and biomedical materials, due to the appropriate ratio of dispersion component and polar component. To resist wear, biomedical components require coatings that are tough and hard, have low friction, and are bio-inert. The study suggests that by Si-N coating the metal surfaces could be a choice to prolong the life of the sliding pair Co-Cr-Mo alloy/UHMWPE implants.
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Zhang T, Li X, Min X, Fang T, Zhang Z, Yang L, Liu P. Acute toxicity of chlorobenzenes in tetrahymena: estimated by microcalorimetry and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:377-385. [PMID: 22387350 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of chlorobenzenes to Tetrahymena growth metabolism was studied by microcalorimetry. The growth constant (k), peak time (T) and generation times (T(G)) were calculated. IC(50) of chlorobenzenes was obtained through the kinetic parameters. The results suggested that the order of toxicity was 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene>o-dichlorobenzene>p-dichlorobenzene>m-dichlorobenzene>chlorobenzene. ATR-FTIR spectra revealed that amide groups and PO(2)(-) of the phospholipid phospho-diester, both in the hydrophobic end exposed to the outer layer, were the easiest to be damaged. The relationship between IC(50) and chemicals structure parameters (E(LUMO), E(HOMO), logK(OW), ∑Q(R), ΔQ(πR) and ΔE), indicated that the more chlorine atoms were substituted, the greater the toxicity was. Chlorobenzenes have toxicity of non-polar narcosis. Their toxicity is proportional to their concentrations at the site of action, and caused by membrane perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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42
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Coraça-Huber DC, Fille M, Hausdorfer J, Pfaller K, Nogler M. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility tests on polystyrene and metal surfaces. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1235-43. [PMID: 22435667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM We compared the MBEC™-HTP assay plates made of polystyrene with metal discs composed of TMZF(®) and CrCo as substrates for biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus was grown on polystyrene and on metal discs made of titanium and chrome-cobalt. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by examining the recovery of cells after antibiotic exposure and by measuring the biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed with planktonic cells. Bacterial growth was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antibiotic concentration for biofilm inhibition (BIC) was higher than the MIC for all antibiotics. Microscopic images showed the biofilm structure characterized by groups of cells covered by a film. CONCLUSIONS All models allowed biofilm formation and testing with several antibiotics in vitro. Gentamicin and rifampicin are the most effective inhibitors of Staph. aureus biofilm-related infections. We recommend MBEC™-HTP assay for rapid testing of multiple substances and TMZF(®) and CrCo discs for low-throughput testing of antibiotic susceptibility and for microscopic analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In vitro assays can improve the understanding of biofilms and help developing methods to eliminate biofilms from implant surfaces. One advantage of the TMZF(®) and CrCo discs as biofilm in vitro assay is that these metals are commonly used for orthopaedic implants. These models are usable for future periprosthetic joint infection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Coraça-Huber
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Bialoszewski D, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Kalicinska A, Bocian E, Czajkowska M, Bukowska B, Tyski S. Activity of ozonated water and ozone against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:BR339-344. [PMID: 22037737 PMCID: PMC3539485 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The known bactericidal properties of ozone have not been checked in relation to its action on bacterial biofilms. This is especially true of ozonated fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal activity of ozonated water and that of a mixture of ozone and oxygen against biofilms. MATERIAL/METHODS Eighteen clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting various levels of antibiotic sensitivity were investigated. Bacteria were cultured in biofilm form on polystyrene titration plates for periods of 2 to 72 hours. The biofilms formed in this way were exposed to in statu nascendi ozonated water produced in a prototype device that had been tested in clinical conditions, or to a mixture of oxygen and ozone generated in the same device. Live cells in the biofilm were stained with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) bromide solution. The degree of reduction of viable bacteria following ozone exposure was determined. RESULTS Ozonated water was found to be an effective bactericidal agent against biofilms after as little as 30 seconds of exposure, while the bactericidal activity of the ozone-oxygen solution was much lower. Prolongation of the duration of biofilm exposure to the gaseous disinfectant to 40 minutes led to a reduction in the viable cell count, which nevertheless remained high. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the ozone-oxygen mixture, ozonated water effectively destroys bacterial biofilms in vitro.<br />
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Bialoszewski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Second Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Role of rifampin against Propionibacterium acnes biofilm in vitro and in an experimental foreign-body infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:1885-91. [PMID: 22252806 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05552-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic-implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm P. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. The MIC and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 and 16 μg/ml for penicillin G, 0.125 and 512 μg/ml for clindamycin, and 0.25 and 32 μg/ml for ceftriaxone. The P. acnes minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 16 μg/ml for rifampin; 32 μg/ml for penicillin G; 64 μg/ml for daptomycin and ceftriaxone; and ≥128 μg/ml for levofloxacin, vancomycin, and clindamycin. In the animal model, implants were infected by injection of 10⁹ CFU P. acnes in cages. Antimicrobial activity on P. acnes was investigated in the cage fluid (planktonic form) and on explanted cages (biofilm form). The cure rates were 4% for daptomycin, 17% for vancomycin, 0% for levofloxacin, and 36% for rifampin. Rifampin cured 63% of the infected cages in combination with daptomycin, 46% with vancomycin, and 25% with levofloxacin. While all tested antimicrobials showed good activity against planktonic P. acnes, for eradication of biofilms, rifampin was needed. In combination with rifampin, daptomycin showed higher cure rates than with vancomycin in this foreign-body infection model.
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Kittinger C, Marth E, Windhager R, Weinberg AM, Zarfel G, Baumert R, Felisch S, Kuehn KD. Antimicrobial activity of gentamicin palmitate against high concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1447-1453. [PMID: 21556977 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of implant related infections plays a pivotal role in orthopaedic surgery as an increasing number of people require implants (up to 200,000 per year in the United States (source: Joint Implant Surgery & Research Foundation 2010)). The aim of the current study is to prevent and thus decrease the number of bacterial infections. Both pre and post operative systemic antibiotic treatment and gentamicin containing bone cements (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) are commonly used strategies to overcome infections. In this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of gentamicin sulfate loaded bone cement was compared with titan discs coated with a new form of gentamicin, gentamicin palmitate. Adherence prevention, killing rates and killing kinetics were compared in an in vitro model, using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which together with Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) represents 60% of bacteria found responsible for hip implant infections (An and Friedman, 1996, J Hosp Infect 33(2):93-108). In our experiments gentamicin, which was applied as gentamicin palmitate on the surface of the implants, showed a high efficacy in eliminating bacteria. In contrast to gentamicin sulfate containing bone cements, gentamicin palmitate is released over a shorter period of time thus not inducing antibiotic resistance. Another benefit for clinical application is that it achieves high local levels of active ingredient which fight early infections and minimize toxic side effects. Furthermore, the short term hydrophobic effect of gentamicin palmitate can successfully impede biofilm formation. Thus, the use of self-adhesive antibiotic fatty acid complexes like gentamicin palmitate represents a new option for the anti-infective coating of cementless titan implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kittinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Plasma-assisted surface modification of organic biopolymers to prevent bacterial attachment. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2015-28. [PMID: 21194574 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite many synthetic biomaterials having physical properties that are comparable or even superior to those of natural body tissues, they frequently fail due to the adverse physiological reactions they cause within the human body, such as infection and inflammation. The surface modification of biomaterials is an economical and effective method by which biocompatibility and biofunctionality can be achieved while preserving the favorable bulk characteristics of the biomaterial, such as strength and inertness. Amongst the numerous surface modification techniques available, plasma surface modification affords device manufacturers a flexible and environmentally friendly process that enables tailoring of the surface morphology, structure, composition, and properties of the material to a specific need. There are a vast range of possible applications of plasma modification in biomaterial applications, however, the focus of this review paper is on processes that can be used to develop surface morphologies and chemical structures for the prevention of adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of in-dwelling medical devices. As such, the fundamental principles of bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation are also discussed. Functional organic plasma polymerised coatings are also discussed for their potential as biosensitive interfaces, connecting inorganic/metallic electronic devices with their physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Bazaka
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Buchholz F, Harms H, Maskow T. Biofilm research using calorimetry - a marriage made in heaven? Biotechnol J 2010; 5:1339-50. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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