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Cruz-Calvente M, Rueda-Medina B, Gil-Gutiérrez R, Medina-Martínez I, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Correa-Rodríguez M. Impact of SARS-COV-2 Infection on Maternal, Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes in a Cohort of Vaccinated Women: A Pilot Study. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:429-437. [PMID: 38429968 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241237134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal characteristics and obstetric and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women in labor previously vaccinated who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to aged-matched healthy controls. A retrospective case-control study was conducted among 66 women in labor. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. The attendance rates at childbirth and parenting classes, as well as the implementation of a birth plan, were significantly lower in the COVID-19 infection group (6.1% vs. 48.5%, <0.001; 6.1% vs. 33.3%, p = .005, respectively). Women with COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of prolonged postpartum hospital stay (33.3% vs. 9.1%, p = .016), and significantly higher prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth (27.3% vs. 1.09%, p = .006). Breastfeeding within the first 24 hr was also lower in women with COVID-19 (72.7% vs. 97.0%, p = .006). Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes are influenced by COVID-19 infection in vaccinated women. Complications include spontaneous preterm birth, prolonged postpartum hospital stay, and lack of breastfeeding within the first 24 hr. Childbirth education, parenting classes and implementing a birth plan may be associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Rueda-Medina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Gil-Gutiérrez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Medina-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Urquiza
- Department of Nursing, Ceuta Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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2
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Lu Y, He Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Qi J, Li X, Ding Y, Huang J, Ding Z, Xu Y, Yang Y, Lindheim SR, Wei Z, Sun Y. Effects of SARS-COV-2 infection during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle on embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1239-1246. [PMID: 38604654 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle affect embryo implantation and pregnancy rates? SUMMARY ANSWER There is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection of women during the FET cycle negatively affects embryo implantation and pregnancy rates. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a multi-systemic disease, poses a threat to reproductive health. However, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on embryo implantation and pregnancy following fertility treatments, particularly FET, remain largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective cohort study, included women who underwent FET cycles between 1 November 2022 and 31 December 2022 at an academic fertility centre. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their FET cycles were included in the COVID-19 group, while those who tested negative during the same study period were included in the non-COVID-19 group. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included rates of implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and ongoing pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to adjust for potential confounders including age, body mass index, gravidity, vaccination status, and endometrial preparation regimen. Subgroup analyses were conducted by time of infection with respect to transfer (prior to transfer, 1-7 days after transfer, or 8-14 days after transfer) and by level of fever (no fever, fever <39°C, or fever ≥39°C). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 243 and 305 women were included in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 group, respectively. The rates of biochemical pregnancy (58.8% vs 62.0%, P = 0.46), clinical pregnancy (53.1% vs 54.4%, P = 0.76), implantation (46.4% vs 46.2%, P = 0.95), early pregnancy loss (24.5% vs 26.5%, P = 0.68), and ongoing pregnancy (44.4% vs 45.6%, P = 0.79) were all comparable between groups with or without infection. Results of logistic regression models, both before and after adjustment, revealed no associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, or ongoing pregnancy. Moreover, neither the time of infection with respect to transfer (prior to transfer, 1-7 days after transfer, or 8-14 days after transfer) nor the level of fever (no fever, fever <39°C, or fever ≥39°C) was found to be related to pregnancy rates. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The retrospective nature of the study is subject to possible selection bias. Additionally, although the sample size was relatively large for the COVID-19 group, the sample sizes for certain subgroups were relatively small and lacked adequate power, so these results should be interpreted with caution. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the FET cycle in females does not affect embryo implantation and pregnancy rates including biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and ongoing pregnancy, indicating that cycle cancellation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be necessary. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2705500, 2019YFA0802604), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130046, 82101747), Shanghai leading talent program, Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZLCX20210201, SHSMU-ZLCX20210200, SSMU-ZLCX20180401), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital Clinical Research Innovation Cultivation Fund Program (RJPY-DZX-003), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y11901400), Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1425000), Shanghai's Top Priority Research Center Construction Project (2023ZZ02002), Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System in Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-36), and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support (20161413). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaan Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven R Lindheim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhe Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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3
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Jin YH, Corsi DJ, Roberts NF, Sprague AE, Solmi M, Saraf G, Gandhi J, Colman I, Walker MC, Fiedorowicz JG. Changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum screening results in Ontario, Canada: The healthy babies healthy children screening tool. Birth 2024. [PMID: 38819097 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers/childbearing parents has mainly been cross-sectional and focused on psychological symptoms. This study examined the impact on function using ongoing, systematic screening of a representative Ontario sample. METHODS An interrupted time series analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from a province-wide screening program using the Healthy Babies Healthy Children (HBHC) tool assessed changes associated with the pandemic at the time of postpartum discharge from hospital. Postal codes were used to link to neighborhood-level data. The ability to parent or care for the baby/child and other psychosocial and behavioral outcomes were assessed. RESULTS The co-primary outcomes of inability to parent or care for the baby/child were infrequently observed in the pre-pandemic (March 9, 2019-March 15, 2020) and initial pandemic periods (March 16, 2020-March 23, 2021) (parent 209/63,006 (0.33%)-177/56,117 (0.32%), care 537/62,955 (0.85%)-324/56,086 (0.58%)). Changes after pandemic onset were not observed for either outcome although a significant (p = 0.02) increase in slope was observed for inability to parent (with questionable clinical significance). For secondary outcomes, worsening was only seen for reported complications during labor/delivery. Significant improvements were observed in the likelihood of being unable to identify a support person to assist with care, need of newcomer support, and concerns about money over time. CONCLUSIONS There were no substantive changes in concerns about ability to parent or care for children. Adverse impacts of the pandemic may have been mitigated by accommodations for remote work and social safety net policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hailey Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Corsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole F Roberts
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann E Sprague
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gayatri Saraf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmine Gandhi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark C Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Soysal C, Ulaş Ö, Işıkalan MM, Bıyık İ, Taşçı Y, Keskin N. The changes in fear of childbirth in pregnancy during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11067. [PMID: 38744899 PMCID: PMC11093970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate how factors such as age, education level, planned delivery method and fear of childbirth were affected in pregnant women before and during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study compared a pre-pandemic pregnant group (July 2019 and December 2019) and a pandemic group (November 2020 and May 2021) of patients at Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital. A total of 696 pregnant women in their second trimester were included in the study. All of them were literate and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected with the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (WDEQ-A), and the outpatient doctor asked the questions face-to-face. The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 31.6 ± 6.8 years. While the total Wijma score was 62.1 ± 25.1 in the pre-pandemic group, it was 61.3 ± 26.4 in the pandemic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.738). Upon analyzing the fear of childbirth among groups based on education level, no statistically significant differences were observed between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods within any of the groups. While 25.7% (n = 179) of all participants had a normal fear of childbirth, 22% (n = 153) had a mild fear of childbirth, 27% (n = 188) had a moderate fear of childbirth, and 25.3% (n = 176) had a severe fear of childbirth (Wijma score of 85 and above). When the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period were compared, the fear of childbirth was unchanged in pregnant women at all education levels (p = 0.079, p = 0.957, p = 0.626, p = 0.539, p = 0.202). When comparing fear of childbirth before and after the pandemic, it was found that patients with a high school education level have a significantly higher fear of childbirth. To alleviate the fear of childbirth in pregnant women who have completed high school, training or psychosocial support interventions may be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Soysal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Evliya Çelebi Campus on Tavşanlı Road 10. km, Kutahya, 43020, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Ulaş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Işıkalan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bıyık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Taşçı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Nadi Keskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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McKee KS, Tang X, Tung I, Wu G, Alshawabkeh AN, Arizaga JA, Bastain TM, Brennan PA, Breton CV, Camargo CA, Cioffi CC, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Deutsch AR, Duarte CS, Dunlop AL, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Karagas MR, Lester B, McEvoy CT, Meeker J, Neiderhiser JM, Herbstman J, Trasande L, O'Connor TG, Hipwell AE, Comstock SS. Perinatal Outcomes during versus Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Maternal Depression and Perceived Stress: A Report from the ECHO Program. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1404-e1420. [PMID: 36781160 DOI: 10.1055/a-2033-5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on perinatal outcomes while accounting for maternal depression or perceived stress and to describe COVID-specific stressors, including changes in prenatal care, across specific time periods of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN Data of dyads from 41 cohorts from the National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program (N = 2,983) were used to compare birth outcomes before and during the pandemic (n = 2,355), and a partially overlapping sample (n = 1,490) responded to a COVID-19 questionnaire. Psychosocial stress was defined using prenatal screening for depression and perceived stress. Propensity-score matching and general estimating equations with robust variance estimation were used to estimate the pandemic's effect on birth outcomes. RESULTS Symptoms of depression and perceived stress during pregnancy were similar prior to and during the pandemic, with nearly 40% of participants reporting mild to severe stress, and 24% reporting mild depression to severe depression. Gestations were shorter during the pandemic (B = - 0.33 weeks, p = 0.025), and depression was significantly associated with shortened gestation (B = - 0.02 weeks, p = 0.015) after adjustment. Birth weights were similar (B = - 28.14 g, p = 0.568), but infants born during the pandemic had slightly larger birth weights for gestational age at delivery than those born before the pandemic (B = 0.15 z-score units, p = 0.041). More women who gave birth early in the pandemic reported being moderately or extremely distressed about changes to their prenatal care and delivery (45%) compared with those who delivered later in the pandemic. A majority (72%) reported somewhat to extremely negative views of the impact of COVID-19 on their life. CONCLUSION In this national cohort, we detected no effect of COVID-19 on prenatal depression or perceived stress. However, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnancy was associated with decreases in gestational age at birth, as well as distress about changes in prenatal care early in the pandemic. KEY POINTS · COVID-19 was associated with shortened gestations.. · Depression was associated with shortened gestations.. · However, stress during the pandemic remained unchanged.. · Most women reported negative impacts of the pandemic..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S McKee
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California
| | - Guojing Wu
- Department of Epidemology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica A Arizaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camille C Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Arielle R Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Avera Research Institute, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Barry Lester
- Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Cindy T McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, MCR Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Meeker
- University of Michigan, Environmental Health Sciences, Global Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Zhang E, Su S, Gao S, Liu R, Ding X, Zhang Y, Xie S, Liu J, Yue W, Yin C. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-Related Long-Term Chronic Impacts on Psychological Health of Perinatal Women in China. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1301-e1312. [PMID: 36603832 PMCID: PMC11132852 DOI: 10.1055/a-2008-4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused far-reaching changes in all areas of society. However, limited data have focused on the long-term impacts on perinatal psychological health. This study aims to evaluate long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on psychological health among perinatal women and investigate associated factors. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, cross-sectional study, the psychological subproject of China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), was conducted in 2021. Demographic and obstetric characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, psychological status, and COVID-19-pandemic-related factors were obtained. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia of participants were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of adverse psychological symptoms. RESULTS Totally, 1,246 perinatal women were enrolled, with the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms being 63.16, 41.89, and 44.38%, respectively. Perinatal women who needed psychological counseling and were very worried about the COVID-19 pandemic were 1.8 to 7.2 times more likely to report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Unemployment, flu-like symptoms, younger maternal age, and previous diseases before pregnancy were risk factors for depression, anxiety, or insomnia. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the prevalence of perinatal depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms was at a high level even 1 year after the pandemic outbreak, implying pandemic-associated long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women existed. Government should not only pay attention to the acute effects of psychological health but also to long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women after major social events. KEY POINTS · The prevalence of perinatal psychological symptoms was at a high level after the COVID-19 outbreak.. · Perinatal women who were very worried about COVID-19 were more often to have psychological symptoms.. · Perinatal women with demands of mental counseling were more likely to report psychological symptoms..
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shaofei Su
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Research Management, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuanghua Xie
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Research Management, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People Republic of China
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7
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Mattera JA, Erickson NL, Barbosa-Leiker C, Gartstein MA. COVID-19 pandemic effects: Examining prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament. INFANCY 2024; 29:386-411. [PMID: 38244202 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
For pregnant women, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented stressors, including uncertainty regarding prenatal care and the long-term consequences of perinatal infection. However, few studies have examined the role of this adverse event on maternal wellbeing and infant socioemotional development following the initial wave of the pandemic when less stringent public health restrictions were in place. The current study addressed these gaps in the literature by first comparing prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament collected after the first wave of the pandemic to equivalent measures in a pre-pandemic sample. Second, associations between prenatal pandemic-related stress and infant temperament were examined. Women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic endorsed higher pregnancy-specific anxiety relative to the pre-pandemic sample. They also reported greater infant negative emotionality and lower positive affectivity and regulatory capacity at 2 months postpartum. Prenatal infection stress directly predicted infant negative affect. Both prenatal infection and preparedness stress were indirectly related to infant negative emotionality through depression symptoms during pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum. These results have implications for prenatal mental health screening procedures during the pandemic and the development of early intervention programs for infants born to mothers during this adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Mattera
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nora L Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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8
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Benzakour L, Gayet-Ageron A, Epiney M. The Maternal Psychic Impact of Infection by SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy: Results from a Preliminary Prospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:927. [PMID: 38727484 PMCID: PMC11083852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to a higher risk of maternal complications during pregnancy, as well as pregnancy complications such as stillbirth, SARS-CoV-2 contamination during pregnancy is a putative stress factor that could increase the risk of perinatal maternal mental health issues. We included women older than 18 years, who delivered a living baby at the Geneva University Hospitals' maternity wards after 29 weeks of amenorrhea (w.a.) and excluded women who did not read or speak fluent French. We compared women who declared having had COVID-19, confirmed by a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, during pregnancy with women who did not, both at delivery and at one month postpartum. We collected clinical data by auto-questionnaires between time of childbirth and the third day postpartum regarding the occurrence of perinatal depression, peritraumatic dissociation, and peritraumatic distress during childbirth, measured, respectively, by the EPDS (depression is score > 11), PDI (peritraumatic distress is score > 15), and PDEQ (scales). At one month postpartum, we compared the proportion of women with a diagnosis of postpartum depression (PPD) and birth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD), using PCL-5 for CB-PTSD and using diagnosis criteria according DSM-5 for both PPD and CB-PTSD, in the context of a semi-structured interview, conducted by a clinician psychologist. Off the 257 women included, who delivered at the University Hospitals of Geneva between 25 January 2021 and 10 March 2022, 41 (16.1%) declared they had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during their pregnancy. Regarding mental outcomes, except birth-related PTSD, all scores provided higher mean values in the group of women who declared having been infected by SARS-CoV-2, at delivery and at one month postpartum, without reaching any statistical significance: respectively, 7.8 (±5.2, 8:4-10.5) versus 6.5 (±4.7, 6:3-9), p = 0.139 ***, for continuous EPDS scores; 10 (25.0) versus 45 (21.1), p = 0.586 *, for dichotomous EPDS scores (≥11); 118 (55.7) versus 26 (63.4), p = 0.359 *, for continuous PDI scores; 18.3 (±6.8, 16:14-21) versus 21.1 (±10.7, 17:15-22), 0.231 ***, for dichotomous PDI scores (≥15); 14.7 (±5.9, 13:10-16) versus 15.7 (±7.1, 14:10-18), p = 0.636 ***, for continuous PDEQ scores; 64 (30.0) versus 17 (41.5), p = 0.151 *, for dichotomous PDEQ scores (≥15); and 2 (8.0) versus 5 (3.6), p = 0.289 *, for postpartum depression diagnosis, according DSM-5. We performed Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, depending on applicability for the comparison of categorical variables and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests for continuous variables; p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Surprisingly, we did not find more birth-related PTSD as noted by the PCL-5 score at one month postpartum in women who declared a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2:15 (10.6) versus no case of birth related PTSD in women who were infected during pregnancy (p = 0.131 *). Our study showed that mental outcomes were differently distributed between women who declared having been infected by SARS-CoV-2 compared to women who were not infected. However, our study was underpowered to explore all the factors associated with psychiatric issues during pregnancy, postpartum, depending on the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Future longitudinal studies on bigger samples and more diverse populations over a longer period are needed to explore the long-term psychic impact on women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyae Benzakour
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
| | - Angèle Gayet-Ageron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Epiney
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.G.-A.); (M.E.)
- Department of the Woman, the Child and the Teenager, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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WANG J, HU L, ZHANG T, LIU J, YU C, ZHAO N, QI J, LIU L. Prevalence and predictors of prenatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multistage observational study in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298314. [PMID: 38662750 PMCID: PMC11045078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While growing psychological health issues among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic have been clearly validated, most research was conducted in countries with relatively lax quarantine measures. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of prenatal depression among pre-, peak-, and post-COVID-19 in Beijing, the region with a stringent response policy in China. We also explore predictors of prenatal depression throughout the outbreak. METHODS We investigated prenatal depression among 742 pregnant women who received antenatal checkups in Beijing from March 28, 2019 to May 07, 2021 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and associative demographic, pregnancy-related, and psychosocial characteristics were measured. The phase was divided into pre-, peak-, and post-COVID-19 in light of the trajectory of COVID-19. Pearson's Chi-square test was used after the examination of confounders homogeneity. The bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to explore predictors. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of prenatal depression was 11.9% throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates at different phases were 10.6%, 15.2%, and 11.1% respectively and no significant difference was observed. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that history of mental illness, number of boy-preference from both pregnant women and husband's family, social support, occupation, and living space were independent predictors of prenatal depression in Beijing. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that the impact of this pandemic on prenatal depression in Beijing appears to be not significant, which will strengthen confidence in adhering to current policy for decision-makers and provide important guidance for the development of major outbreak control and management policies in the future. Our findings may also provide a more efficient measure to identify high-risk pregnant women for professionals and help raise gender equity awareness of pregnant women and their husbands' families. Future studies should focus on the value of targeted care and family relations on the mental health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin WANG
- Institution of Hospital Management, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Aviation Psychology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Libin HU
- Institution of Hospital Management, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi ZHANG
- Institution of Hospital Management, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia LIU
- Department of Aviation Psychology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan YU
- Department of Aviation Psychology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningxin ZHAO
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin QI
- Department of Aviation Psychology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua LIU
- Institution of Hospital Management, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Altendahl MR, Xu L, Asiodu I, Boscardin WJ, Gaw SL, Flaherman VJ, Jacoby VL, Richards MC, Krakow D, Afshar Y. Patterns of peripartum depression and anxiety during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 38664729 PMCID: PMC11044399 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant people are vulnerable to new or worsening mental health conditions. This study aims to describe prevalence and course of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancy during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with known or suspected COVID-19. Participants completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalized-Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires, screening tools for depression and anxiety, at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum. Prevalence of elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at each visit was described. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between demographic and clinical factors and those with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms. RESULTS 317 participants were included. The prevalence of elevated antepartum depression symptoms was 14.6%, 10.3%, and 20.6% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. The rate of elevated anxiety symptoms was 15.1%, 10.0%, and 17.3% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. A prior history of depression and/or anxiety (p's < 0.03), as well as higher EPDS and GAD-7 scores at enrollment (p's < 0.04) associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. Quarantining during pregnancy was associated with elevated anxiety symptoms at 34weeks gestational age in univariate (P = 0.027) analyses. COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were not associated with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were prevalent throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, particularly in those with prior depression and/or anxiety and who quarantined. Strategies that target social isolation may mitigate potential adverse consequences for pregnant people, and continued vigilance in recognition of depression and anxiety in pregnancy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R Altendahl
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa Asiodu
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W John Boscardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Gaw
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Vanessa L Jacoby
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Misty C Richards
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalda Afshar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 430, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Sacchi C, Girardi P, Buri A, De Carli P, Simonelli A. The perinatal health secondary to pandemic: association between women's delivery concerns and infant's behavioral problems. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38493474 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2330662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic characterised a unique and vulnerable social, emotional, and health environment for pregnancy, with potential long-lasting risks to maternal and child health outcomes. In women who were pregnant at the peak of COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated the association between pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and delivery and both the parent's (i.e. maternal parenting stress) and the infant's (i.e. emotional-behavioral problems) outcomes 12 months after birth. METHODS A sample of 352 Italian pregnant women completed a web-based survey from 8 April to 4 May 2020 and a follow-up at 12 months after delivery. Maternal assessment in pregnancy covered prenatal measures for: pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and childbirth, COVID-19 stressful events exposure, pandemic psychological stress, and mental-health symptoms (i.e. depression, anxiety). The 12 months' assessment covered post-partum measures of social support, parenting stress and maternal reports of infants' behavioral problems. RESULTS The results of the Quasi-Poisson regression models on the association between COVID-19 related influencing factors and parenting stress and infant's behavioral problems showed that the presence of higher pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and childbirth scores was associated with greater total and internalising behavioral problems but not with parenting stress levels. CONCLUSION Perinatal mother-infant health has been sensitively threatened by pandemic consequences with maternal concerns about childbirth in pregnancy being associated with 12 months' children's behavioral outcomes. There is a need to invest in psychological support for perinatal women throughout the transition to parenthood to protect risk conditions before they get chronic or severe and influence offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sacchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy
| | - Alice Buri
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Liu D, Li J, Wang Q, Wang H, Liu X, Zhai M, Yu B, Yan H. Effects of COVID-19 infection risk perception on depressive symptoms among pregnant women in different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A mediation model. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38440896 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the mediation mechanisms between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection risk perception and depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Study data were derived from a sample of 463 pregnant women in Hubei Province, the province with the most severe COVID-19 outbreak in China. Data were collected in two phases (during and after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic) using the COVID-19 infection risk perception scales, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Peritrauma Distress Inventory (PDI). Mediation model analysis was used for data analysis, overall and by groups. RESULTS The level of depressive symptoms among pregnant women after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate (median, 9.00 [25th percentile, 75th percentile = 5.00, 12.00]), higher than the acute group (median, 7.00 [25th percentile, 75th percentile = 4.50, 10.00]). Perceived stress and traumatic stress fully mediated the relationship between infection worry (total indirect effect, 0.39 [95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.54])/infection possibility (total indirect effect, 0.41 [95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.61]) and depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the relationship was only fully mediated by perceived stress after the acute pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Effects of risk perception on depressive symptoms varied by periods of COVID-19. These findings have important implications for developing effective prevention and early psychoeducational intervention strategies for pregnant women with a high risk of depressive symptoms during different periods of emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Behera D, Bohora S, Tripathy S, Thapa P, Sivakami M. Perinatal depression and its associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02628-y. [PMID: 38376751 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perinatal depression significantly impacts maternal and child health, with further complexities arising during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review is the first to comprehensively synthesize evidence on the prevalence of perinatal depression and its associated risk factors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) during the pandemic period. METHODS The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022326991). This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guideline for prevalence studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ProQuest. Pooled prevalence estimates were computed for both prenatal and postnatal depression. Identified risk factors were summarized narratively. RESULTS A total of 5169 studies were screened, out of which 58 were included in the narrative review and 48 [prenatal (n = 36) and postnatal (n = 17)] were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled depression prevalence for prenatal women was 23% (95% CI: 19-27%), and for the postnatal women was 23% (95% CI: 18-30%). Maternal age, education, perceived fear of COVID-19 infection, week of pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and social and family support were identified as associated risk factors for depression. CONCLUSIONS Our review demonstrates an increased prevalence of perinatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. It sheds light on the significant burden faced by pregnant and postnatal women and emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions during the ongoing and potential future crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Behera
- School of Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Campus-5 (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Shweta Bohora
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Snehasish Tripathy
- Centre for Mental Health, Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Poshan Thapa
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muthusamy Sivakami
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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14
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Nieto-Tous M, Diaz-Martinez A, De-Arriba-García M, Roca-Prats A, Monfort-Beltrán S, Ivañez-Muñoz M, Alberola-Rubio J, Perales A, Monfort-Ortiz R. GESTACOVID Project: Psychological and Perinatal Effects in Spanish Pregnant Women Subjected to Strict Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Evolution during De-Escalation. J Clin Med 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 38202254 PMCID: PMC10779534 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lockdown and de-escalation process following the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of new normality. This study aimed to assess the confinement impact on the mental health of peripartum women, as their psychological well-being may be particularly vulnerable and thus affect their offspring's development. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among women who gave birth during strict confinement (G0) and the new normality period (G1), in which a self-administered paper-based questionnaire assessed 15 contextual factors and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). For each item, it was verified whether the positive screening rate differed in each confinement phase, and a risk factor study was conducted. For G0, significantly higher positive screening and preterm birth rates were observed in the positive screening group. In the case of G1, maternal age (>35 years), decreased physical activity, and normal weight were found to be protective factors against distress. This study underscores the heightened mental health risk for postpartum women during major psychosocial upheavals (war, economic crisis, natural disasters, or pandemics), along with their resilience as the positive screening rate decreases with the new normality. Findings encourage adopting strategies to identify high-risk women and promote effective measures, such as promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Nieto-Tous
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - Alba Diaz-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Roca-Prats
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - Sara Monfort-Beltrán
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - María Ivañez-Muñoz
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - José Alberola-Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Perales
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
- Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rogelio Monfort-Ortiz
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
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15
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Yang T, Luo X, Cui X, Wu S, He Y, Lu J. Prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms in college students and its relationship with childhood maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106470. [PMID: 37748208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with an increased risk of depression and psychotic symptoms. However, there is still a lack of studies on the prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms (CSDPS) and the association between CM and CSDPS among college students. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the prevalence and demographic distribution of CSDPS among Chinese college students and to examine its relationship with CM. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 7351 college students aged 18 and above completed the survey. Finally, 6854 valid questionnaires were included for further analysis. METHODS The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the item for witnessing domestic violence were used to assess the CM. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 and the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress-21 scale were used to assess psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of CSDPS was 1.47 % among the college students. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with an increased risk of CSDPS (all p < 0.05). The risk of CSDPS was dramatically increased for individuals who had experienced ≥3 types of CM (OR = 22.929, p < 0.001), as compared to those who had experienced 1-2 types of CM (OR = 4.452, p < 0.001) and those without the experience of CM. CONCLUSION CM was found to be associated with an increased risk of CSDPS among the college students. Notably, experiencing more types of CM was also associated with a higher risk of CSDPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Clinical College, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China.
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16
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Ba Z, Li Y, Ma J, Qin Y, Tian J, Meng Y, Yi J, Zhang Y, Chen F. Reflections on the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102466. [PMID: 38116286 PMCID: PMC10728318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a serious threat to global healthcare and economy. In order to curb its spread, China adopted the dynamic zero-COVID policy, aiming to diagnose and isolate cases and close contacts as soon as possible. However, there is a controversy about the impact of isolation measures on social order, including the economy, personal employment and public mental health. Therefore, this review discusses and analyzes in detail the advantages and challenges of implementing dynamic zero-COVID policy. Although this public health policy might cause a shock to the economy in the short term, China still achieved a continued healthy economic performance with stable unemployment and strong export growth. Moreover, the rates of infection and mortality in China were lower than those in the United States and the European Union. However, due to the high transmissibility and low pathogenicity of the Omicron variant and prolonged lockdown-induced psychological damage, people questioned the effectiveness and necessity of this policy. Now that China has adjusted its policy in a timely manner, but many problems still remain unsolved. Some practical suggestions in terms of mental health, vaccine development, drugs supply, and economic recovery are put forward at the end of our paper to minimize negative impacts and provide a reference for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaihua Ba
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yining Qin
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Jinzhu Tian
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yixiang Meng
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Jiarong Yi
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining 272067, China
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17
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Wu J, Cao B, Liao J, Li Y, Lu G, Gong F, Lin G, Zhao M. Navigation of Knowledge: the Impact of COVID-19 on Pregnancy-a Bibliometric Analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3548-3562. [PMID: 37488404 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, countries around the world have faced huge economic and social burdens. SARS-COV-2 may exist in nature for a long time due to the diversity of its different variants. Pregnant women and newborns as vulnerable groups will suffer serious health threats. Bibliometrics as a method of summarizing publications can be used to extract important achievements and hot topics in this field. We search the target publications from the Web of Science Core collection database, and then use Microsoft Office Excel, CiteSpace, R, Scimago, and VOSviewer for visual analysis. Finally, we included 1709 publications from 2998 institutions in 104 countries. The number of publications has exploded since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Among them, the USA, China, Britain, and Italy have higher quantity and quality. We identified important journals, authors, keywords, and references in this field. Anxiety, stress, risk of pregnancy complications, and vaccine safety and acceptance have received extensive attention from scholars during the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to be urgent issues to be addressed in the future. Most of the current studies fall into the category of case reports and clinical data analysis. COVID-19 has been linked to serious pregnancy complications and mental illness, and vaccination during pregnancy is recommended to protect both mother and fetus. Further large-scale cohort studies and discovery of molecular mechanisms are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrouzi Wu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Buzi Cao
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingnan Liao
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Pediatric Department of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Canfield DR, Allshouse AA, Smith J, Metz TD, Grobman WA, Silver RM. Labour agentry and subsequent adverse mental health outcomes: A follow-up study of the ARRIVE Trial. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37968788 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Labour can be traumatic for women who perceive they are not involved in decisions affecting their care during labour. Our objective was to assess the relation between labour agentry and subsequent mental health. DESIGN Follow-up cohort study. SETTING U.S. Tertiary care center. POPULATION Participants from Utah who participated in the ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) trial. METHODS During the ARRIVE trial, participants completed the Labor Agentry Scale twice, a validated questionnaire measuring perceived control of patients during childbirth. ARRIVE participants from Utah subsequently were asked to complete questions about mental health history and stressful events occurring since the trial, as well as surveys including the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PC-PTSD) screen, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) screen. The lower quartile of both agentry measurements defined a person's ordinal agentry category, used for assessing cohort characteristics by exposure category. Continuous minimum agentry was included in adjusted modelling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was a mental health composite including a positive screen for depression, anxiety, or PTSD or self-report of a diagnosis or exacerbation since their delivery. RESULTS In all, 766 of 1042 (74%) people responded to the survey (median 4.4, range 2.5-6.4 years after delivery) and 753 had complete data for analysis. In unadjusted comparisons across ordinal agentry category, lower agentry was significantly associated with the primary composite endpoint, and depressive symptoms (test of trend p = 0.003 primary, p = 0.004 depression). Lower labour agentry scores were associated with incremental odds of the primary endpoint (1 SD [24 units], adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.41-1.03), driven by depressive symptoms or self-reported diagnosis (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.47-1.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower labour agentry at the time of birth was associated with a greater risk for mental health conditions years after delivery, indicating a potential opportunity for primary prevention of subsequent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Canfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univeristy of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Torri D Metz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William A Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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19
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Mariño-Narvaez C, Puertas-Gonzalez JA, Romero-Gonzalez B, Kraneis MC, Peralta-Ramirez MI. Pregnant women's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the trimester of pregnancy. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37942780 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2279039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to analyse the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women according to the pregnancy trimester, comparing their psychopathological symptomatology, pregnancy-specific stress, resilience and perceived stress to those of women pregnant before the pandemic. METHODS A total of 797 pregnant women participated in the study, one group of 393 women pregnant before the pandemic and the other of 404 women pregnant during the pandemic. Student-t test was used to analyse continuous data and the Chi-square test was used for categorical data. RESULTS Psychopathological symptomatology was significantly higher in six subscales of the SCL-90-R in pregnant women during COVID-19: somatisation, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, obsessions-compulsions, mainly on the first two trimesters. There is also a higher level of pregnancy-specific stress in pregnant women during the pandemic on the first two trimesters, most likely due to the hypervigilance and fears related to the COVID-19 disease. Nevertheless, perceived stress, usually elevated during pregnancy, was lower in women pregnant during the pandemic in comparison to those pregnant before, as a positive consequence of being on lockdown and diminishing the exposure to daily stressful situations. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the struggles these women go through during each trimester of pregnancy can be the key to a better health professional-patient relationship, consequently having a positive impact on their mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Puertas-Gonzalez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Romero-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Marie-Christin Kraneis
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Corno G, Villani D, de Montigny F, Pierce T, Bouchard S, Molgora S. The role of perceived social support on pregnant women's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023; 41:488-502. [PMID: 35196188 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2042799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed at investigating which sources of social support best account for pregnant women's levels of psychological distress and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS 274 Italian and Canadian expectant mothers completed an online-based survey including measures of perceived social support (from family, significant other and friends), state anxiety, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with life. Correlation analyses and amultivariate analysis of covariance were performed to explore how social support from different sources was related to depressive symptoms, state anxiety and satisfaction with life. RESULTS Different sources of social support contributed to explaining women's psychological distress and mental well-being. Social support both from family and friends was significantly related to women's state anxiety and depressive symptoms. Social support from friends was specifically related to women's satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION Our findings endorse the crucial role of perceived social support as a protective factor for pregnant women's mental health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that support from family seems important in preventing psychological distress, whereas support from friends is also associated with mental well-being. These results may help designing future interventions aimed at improving women's perinatal mental health in life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corno
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Francine de Montigny
- Department of Nursey Sciences, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Tamarha Pierce
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Molgora
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ciolac L, Craina ML, Enatescu VR, Tudor A, Bernad ES, Nitu R, Hogea L, Boscu L, Bernad BC, Timircan MO, Ciolac V, Nediglea CO, Maghiari AL. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Disorder with Postpartum Onset: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2857. [PMID: 37958002 PMCID: PMC10648077 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has led to a global health crisis that is defining for our times and one of the greatest challenges to emerge since World War II. The potential impact of the pandemic on mental health should not be overlooked, especially among vulnerable populations such as women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is a cross-sectional survey conducted from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2023, during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on a retrospective evaluation of 860 postpartum women. The screening tool used to assess symptoms of postpartum depression was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Rating Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed both in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Sections I and II of the "Pius Brînzeu" County Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, and online using Google Forms. RESULTS The highest severity of postpartum depression symptoms was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study conducted during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) showed that the prevalence of major postpartum depressive disorder (EPDS ≥ 13) was 54.2% (466 patients), while 15.6% (134) had minor depressive disorder (10 < EPDS ≤ 12) in the first year after delivery. Comparing these results with those obtained in research conducted before the onset of the pandemic period showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression. The risk factors associated with postpartum depression included the type of delivery, level of education, socio-economic conditions, health status, age, background, and personal obstetric history (number of abortions on demand, parity). CONCLUSIONS The effects of the pandemic on mental health are of particular concern for women in the first year after childbirth. Observing these challenges and developing effective measures to prepare our health system early can be of great help for similar situations in the future. This will help and facilitate effective mental health screening for postpartum women, promoting maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ciolac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.L.C.); (E.S.B.); (R.N.); (M.O.T.)
- Doctoral School, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Lucian Craina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.L.C.); (E.S.B.); (R.N.); (M.O.T.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Laparoscopy, Laparoscopic Surgery and In Vitro Fertilization, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Radu Enatescu
- Psychiatric Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency County Hospital, 156 Liviu Rebreanu Blvd., 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Neuroscience, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anca Tudor
- Discipline of Computer Science and Medical Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, School of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave., 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Silvia Bernad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.L.C.); (E.S.B.); (R.N.); (M.O.T.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Laparoscopy, Laparoscopic Surgery and In Vitro Fertilization, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan Nitu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.L.C.); (E.S.B.); (R.N.); (M.O.T.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Hogea
- Department of Neuroscience, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Neuropsychology and Behavioral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lioara Boscu
- Doctoral School, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Senate Office, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brenda-Cristiana Bernad
- Doctoral School, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Neuroscience, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Neuropsychology and Behavioral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Madalina Otilia Timircan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.L.C.); (E.S.B.); (R.N.); (M.O.T.)
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valeria Ciolac
- Department of Sustainable Development and Environmental Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristian-Octavian Nediglea
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, 325100 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anca Laura Maghiari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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22
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Gómez-López ME, Aldrete-Cortez V, González-Carpinteiro A, Mendizábal-Espinosa R, Bobadilla L. The Emotional Experience of Mexican Women with SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2785. [PMID: 37893859 PMCID: PMC10606424 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women have been considered a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the impact of the disease on the health of a mother and her child is still being studied. The emotional impact of the pandemic on pregnant women has been extensively studied. Emotional distress is proposed as a perspective to explain the emotional manifestations in women during this stage as something common rather than pathological. The objective of this study was to explore the emotional experience of women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 towards the end of their pregnancy, during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Mexico. A qualitative study was carried out: 18 pregnant women with COVID-19 were interviewed. A thematic analysis of the data was performed, resulting in 3 main themes and 14 subthemes. The COVID-19-infected mothers-to-be experienced mild to moderate emotional distress. It was more intense for those with comorbidities. This distress was aggravated during obstetrical complications and comorbidities, as well as during COVID-19 and postpartum. The emotional distress was appeased by both the perception of medical care and social support. The emotional distress of pregnant women with COVID-19 requires emotional support to reduce its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vania Aldrete-Cortez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico; (V.A.-C.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Aline González-Carpinteiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico; (V.A.-C.); (A.G.-C.)
| | - Rosa Mendizábal-Espinosa
- Social Research Institute of London, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Nacer Temprano, Vivir en Grande, Civil Association, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54080, Mexico
| | - Liliana Bobadilla
- Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics “Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 01090, Mexico;
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23
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White LK, Himes MM, Waller R, Njoroge WFM, Chaiyachati BH, Barzilay R, Kornfield SL, Burris HH, Seidlitz J, Parish-Morris J, Brady RG, Gerstein ED, Laney N, Gur RE, Duncan AF. The Influence of Pandemic-Related Worries During Pregnancy on Child Development at 12 Months. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01605-x. [PMID: 37805964 PMCID: PMC10999505 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased risk for perinatal anxiety and depression among parents, as well as negative consequences for child development. Less is known about how worries arising from the pandemic during pregnancy are related to later child development, nor if resilience factors buffer negative consequences. The current study addresses this question in a prospective longitudinal design. Data was collected from a sub-study (n = 184) of a longitudinal study of pregnant individuals (total n = 1173). During pregnancy (April 17-July 8, 2020) and the early postpartum period (August 11, 2020-March 2, 2021), participants completed online surveys. At 12 months postpartum (June 17, 2021-March 23, 2022), participants completed online surveys and a virtual laboratory visit, which included parent-child interaction tasks. We found more pregnancy-specific pandemic worries were prospectively related to lower levels of child socioemotional development based on parent report (B = - 1.13, SE = .43, p = .007) and observer ratings (B = - 0.13, SE = .07, p = .045), but not to parent-reported general developmental milestones. Parental emotion regulation in the early postpartum period moderated the association between pregnancy-specific pandemic worries and child socioemotional development such that pregnancy-specific pandemic worries did not relate to worse child socioemotional development among parents with high (B = - .02, SE = .10, t = - .14, p = .89) levels of emotion regulation. Findings suggest the negative consequences of parental worry and distress during pregnancy on the early socioemotional development of children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results highlight that parental emotion regulation may represent a target for intervention to promote parental resilience and support optimized child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K White
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Megan M Himes
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wanjikũ F M Njoroge
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Policy Lab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara H Chaiyachati
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Policy Lab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara L Kornfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Center for Women's Behavioral Wellness, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Parish-Morris
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca G Brady
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily D Gerstein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 325 Stadler Hall, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nina Laney
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, 3400 Spruce St. 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea F Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Miles A, Lovell M, Ibrahim R, Dagli TE, Dagli FS, Sethna DV. A feasibility study of Online Mellow Bumps: A Turkish pilot study of an online group-based antenatal parenting intervention. Midwifery 2023; 125:103772. [PMID: 37451037 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Mellow Parenting proposed online strategies for some of their interventions. One such intervention was Mellow Bumps - becoming Online Mellow Bumps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of antenatal parenting intervention Mellow Bumps in an online format and determine if this can be done safely and without detriment to pregnant women in Turkey. METHOD The study used an exploratory study design to investigate routine evaluation data collected pre- and post-intervention. Outcomes were online feasibility, mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress), maternal subjective well-being, perceived quality of relationship with baby, maternal confidence and maternal social connectivity. 128 mums-to-be took part in the intervention between January 2021 and May 2021 from a total of 21 different provinces in Turkey. RESULTS 57 pre- and post-intervention responses were eligible for analysis. This gives a response rate of 44.5% for evaluation, though the intervention completion rate was high at 89.5%, suggesting the intervention is engaging and accessible. Improvements were found for maternal stress levels, maternal subjective well-being and perceived relationship with baby. Improvements were also found for maternal confidence and maternal social connectivity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the antenatal parenting intervention Mellow Bumps in an online format, namely Online Mellow Bumps. The online format makes the programme accessible for at-risk mothers and families, with the potential to continue reaching wider audiences beyond the pandemic who otherwise might struggle to access support. The findings show that the online group can be effective in improving mental health symptoms and mental well-being, supporting expectant mothers before the baby is born. Future research using a control group, a larger and more inclusive sample, and assessing the longer-term effects on parent and child would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Miles
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Lovell
- Mellow Parenting, Unit 4, Six Harmony Row, Glasgow G51 3BA, Scotland
| | - Raquib Ibrahim
- Mellow Parenting, Unit 4, Six Harmony Row, Glasgow G51 3BA, Scotland
| | - Tolga E Dagli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Sahin Dagli
- Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dr Vaheshta Sethna
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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Amiel Castro RT, Schaal NK, Meyerhoff H, Preis H, Mahaffey B, Lobel M, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P. Investigating Factors Influencing Prenatal Stress, Anxiety, and Fear of Childbirth During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany and Switzerland: An Online Survey. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1864-1875. [PMID: 37470899 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are likely to experience high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the factors that might influence the extent of experienced emotional distress are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential correlates of prenatal emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In total, N = 1437 pregnant women from Germany and Switzerland participated in an online study during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May-August 2020). The survey assessed prenatal distress, pandemic-related pregnancy stress, general anxiety, fear of childbirth, and several socio-demographic, pregnancy- and COVID-19-related factors. Linear multivariate regression models were the main analytical strategy. RESULTS The results highlight that several factors such as full-time employment, nulliparity, high-risk pregnancy, emotional problems, cancelled prenatal appointments, and stating that COVID-19 affected the choice of birth mode were significantly associated with elevated prenatal distress, anxiety, pandemic-related pregnancy stress, and fear of childbirth. Conversely, access to an outdoor space was a protective factor for pandemic-related pregnancy stress and prenatal distress. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Overall, the study highlights significant correlates influencing the levels of emotional distress pregnant women experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may contribute to the improvement of maternal prenatal medical and psychological care during a public health crisis of international concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T Amiel Castro
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora K Schaal
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Meyerhoff
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brittain Mahaffey
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami
- Psychology Counselling and Research Institute for Sexuality, Marriage and the Family, International Academy for Human Sciences and Culture, Staadweg 3, P.O. Box 57, 8880, Walenstadt, Switzerland.
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Grünebaum A, McLeod-Sordjan R, Pollet S, Moreno J, Bornstein E, Lewis D, Katz A, Warman A, Dudenhausen J, Chervenak F. Anger: an underappreciated destructive force in healthcare. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:850-860. [PMID: 37183729 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anger is an emotional state that occurs when unexpected things happen to or around oneself and is "an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage." It is defined as "a strong feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism," an emotion characterized by tension and hostility arising from frustration, real or imagined injury by another, or perceived injustice. It can manifest itself in behaviors designed to remove the object of the anger (e.g., determined action) or behaviors designed merely to express the emotion. For the Roman philosopher Seneca anger is not an uncontrollable, impulsive, or instinctive reaction. It is, rather, the cognitive assent that such initial reactions to the offending action or words are in fact unjustified. It is, rather, the cognitive assent that such initial reactions to the offending action or words are in fact unjustified. It seems that the year 2022 was a year when many Americans were plainly angry. "Why is everyone so angry?" the New York Times asked in the article "The Year We Lost It." We believe that Seneca is correct in that anger is unacceptable. Anger is a negative emotion that must be controlled, and Seneca provides us with the tools to avoid and destroy anger. Health care professionals will be more effective, content, and happier if they learn more about Seneca's writings about anger and implement his wisdom on anger from over 2000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Grünebaum
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renee McLeod-Sordjan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Pollet
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Moreno
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eran Bornstein
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawnette Lewis
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adi Katz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Warman
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joachim Dudenhausen
- Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin/Charite, Campus Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, DE, Germany
| | - Frank Chervenak
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Muñoz-Vela FJ, Rodríguez-Díaz L, Fernández-Carrasco FJ, Allande-Cussó R, Vázquez-Lara JM, Fagundo-Rivera J, Gómez-Salgado J. Adaptation and psychometric study of the scale for the measurement of fear and anxiety of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women (AMICO_Pregnant). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225822. [PMID: 37809001 PMCID: PMC10552539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this research was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of a specific scale to assess the levels of fear and anxiety of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Methods An adaptation phase, by a panel of experts, and a psychometric descriptive cross-sectional study were carried out on the final version of the 16-item, self-administered AMICO_Pregnant scale. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The consistency of the scale was assessed using the Omega coefficient and Cronbach's Alpha. Results With a sample of 1,013 pregnant women living in Spain and over 18 years of age, the mean age was 33 years. The scale showed a bifactor structure (anxiety and fear) that was confirmed with good fit parameters. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.95) and McDonald's Omega coefficient (0.94) as indicators of robustness of the scale's reliability. Conclusion The AMICO_Pregnant scale of 16 items with scores ranging from 1 to 10 is a valid and reliable tool to assess levels of anxiety and fear of COVID_19 in Spanish pregnant women. Pregnant women have shown moderate levels of anxiety and fear regarding the COVID_19 disease in the final phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Muñoz-Vela
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Chaudhry S, Aboudawoud O, Hardy G. A History of COVID-19 in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5722. [PMID: 37685788 PMCID: PMC10488531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the world causing a global pandemic. During a pandemic, it becomes increasing important to evaluate the effects on specific populations at risk. In this narrative review, we analyzed the literature regarding COVID-19 infection on the pregnant population as they are at increased risk of infection. COVID-19 did seem to significantly increase the risk of obstetric complications, specifically in underserved and marginalized populations. In general, COVID-19 rarely directly infected the fetus and placenta, apart from a very rare complication called COVID placentitis. In actuality, the mothers were at greatest direct risk due to COVID-19 infection. The most important takeaway from this pandemic is the prospective lesson and effect it had on social determinants of health. Women did not have safe access to antenatal care, leading to a plethora of indirect obstetric complications due to COVID-19. In conclusion, it was women who suffered from the pandemic, not the placenta nor the fetus. It is our duty as physicians to protect pregnant women, allowing the placenta to protect the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrukh Chaudhry
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Omar Aboudawoud
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Ghislain Hardy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Sim CSM, Chen H, Chong SL, Xia OJ, Chew E, Guo X, Ng LP, Ch'ng YC, Ong JLH, Tan J, Ng DCC, Tan NC, Chan YH. Primary health level screening for postpartum depression during well-child visits: Prevalence, associated risk factors, and breastfeeding. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 87:103701. [PMID: 37517174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a public health problem that is associated with detrimental effects on the wellbeing of the mother, child and family. Early detection for PPD at the primary health level provides an opportunity for intervention. We aim to examine: (1) the prevalence rate of PPD in the primary care population, (2) acceptance and attendance rates of intervention for women who screened positive for PPD, (3) sociodemographic and maternal risk factors of PPD, and (4) the impact of PPD on breastfeeding. We implemented a mother-child dyadic screening program using the modified Patient Health Questionnaire-2 during routine well-child visits at 2 or 3 months postpartum between July 2019 and December 2021. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for PPD and described using adjusted odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. Among 5561 mothers, the prevalence rate of probable PPD was 2.4 %. About half (54.4 %) of mothers who screened positive accepted intervention and of these, about two-thirds accepted onward referrals to tertiary care and community mental health service, with higher attendance at the latter. In the final adjusted model, mothers who had probable PPD were more likely to be older than age 35 years (OR 1.88, 95 % CI 1.05-3.45; p < 0.05) and not breastfeeding (OR 1.9, 95 % CI 1.06-3.38; p < 0.05). Overall, our findings highlight the importance of early PPD screening and management in primary care. These findings can help inform maternal mental health service development and utilization, thereby optimizing maternal and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Sze Min Sim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; SingHeatlth-Duke NUS Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore.
| | - Shu-Ling Chong
- SingHeatlth-Duke NUS Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore; Paediatric Emergency Medicine Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Elaine Chew
- SingHeatlth-Duke NUS Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore; Adolescent Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | - Lai Peng Ng
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | - Ying Chia Ch'ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - David Chee Chin Ng
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | - Yoke Hwee Chan
- SingHeatlth-Duke NUS Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore; Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Karaahmet AY. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on decision-making styles and breastfeeding of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230216. [PMID: 37585988 PMCID: PMC10427170 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was planned to examine the factors affecting the decision-making styles of pregnant women in the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, their choice of birth environment, and their decision to start breastfeeding. METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive type. The study was conducted with 631 pregnant women who voluntarily participated between January 2020 and April 2021 and met the sample selection criteria. Women aged 18-45 years who had healthy singleton pregnancies were included. Pregnant women with signs or symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 or suspected or diagnosed with birth were excluded from the study. The data were collected by the questionnaire method through the links shared with the pregnant women. Data Collection Form, Questionnaire for Birth and Breastfeeding in the coronavirus disease 2019 Period, and Melbourne Decision-Making Styles Scale-II were used as data collection tools. RESULTS The mean age of the pregnant women was found to be 28.56±6.36 years. Approximately 50.71% of the participants reported that they preferred normal vaginal delivery. It was reported that 56.1% of the pregnant women had a say in the decision-making process of the delivery method. It has been determined that there is a significant difference between the education status, employment status, pregnancy planning, family type, and the person who has a say in deciding the mode of delivery (p<0.05). The results of the analysis of worrying about starting breastfeeding according to the decision-making styles of the pregnant women in the sample group are examined. The difference between the scores of avoidant and procrastinating decision-making style, which is the sub-dimensions of the scale, and worrying about starting breastfeeding is statistically significant (p<0.029 and p<0.029, respectively). CONCLUSION The research findings show that situations such as epidemics affect the decisions of pregnant women, and breastfeeding situations and decision-making styles affect each other. For this reason, education programs and guides including guidance services and support systems should be published and pregnant women should be guided correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Yıldız Karaahmet
- Haliç University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery – Istanbul, Turkey
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Lantigua-Martinez M, Trostle ME, Torres AM, Rajeev P, Dennis A, Silverstein JS, Talib M. Perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100253. [PMID: 37560009 PMCID: PMC10407240 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quarantining and isolation during previous pandemics have been associated with higher levels of depression symptomatology. Studies in other countries found elevated rates of anxiety and/or depression among pregnant people during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic rates. New York City was the initial epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, and the effects of the pandemic on perinatal depression in this population are not well known. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the rates of perinatal depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients screened for perinatal depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 2 private academic practices in New York City. This screen is done in these practices at the time of the glucose challenge test and at the postpartum visit. Patients aged ≥18 years who completed a screen at a postpartum visit and/or glucose challenge test from February 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019 and from February 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020 were identified, and the 2019 and 2020 groups were compared. The primary outcome was a positive screen, defined as ≥13 and ≥15 for postnatal and prenatal screens, respectively. Secondary outcomes included monthly changes in rates of positive screens and factors associated with perinatal depression. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate analyses with P<.05 defined as significant. RESULTS A total of 1366 records met the inclusion criteria; 75% of the prepandemic (2019) records were included, as opposed to 65% of pandemic (2020) records due to a lower screen completion rate in the pandemic cohort. The 2020 cohort had a higher proportion of Hispanic patients (P=.003) and higher rates of diabetes mellitus (P=.007), preterm labor (P=.03), and current or former drug use (P<.001). The 2019 cohort had higher rates of hypertension (P=.002) and breastfeeding (P=.03); 4.6% of the 2020 cohort had a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. There was no difference in perinatal depression between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts (2.8% vs 2.6%; P>.99). This finding persisted after adjusting for baseline differences (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.86; P=.76). There were no differences in rates of positive Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale by month. Several risk factors were associated with a positive screen, including being unmarried (P<.001), pulmonary disease (P=.02), depression (P<.001), anxiety (P=.01), bipolar disorder (P=.009), and use of anxiolytics (P=.04). CONCLUSION There were no differences in the rates of perinatal depression between the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of perinatal depression in this cohort was below the reported averages in the literature. Fewer women were screened for perinatal depression in 2020, which likely underestimated the prevalence of depression in our cohort. These findings highlight potential gaps in care in a pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meralis Lantigua-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Megan E. Trostle
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's University Hospital (Dr Trostle), Bethlehem, PA
| | - Anthony Melendez Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
| | - Pournami Rajeev
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Ms Rajeev), New York, NY
| | - Alyson Dennis
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine (Mses Rajeev and Dennis), New York, NY
| | - Jenna S. Silverstein
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Trostle and Silverstein), New York, NY
| | - Mahino Talib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health (Drs Lantigua-Martinez, Melendez Torres, and Talib), New York, NY
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Egloff C, Roques P, Picone O. Impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women's health: Consequences in obstetrics two years after the pandemic. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103981. [PMID: 37390631 PMCID: PMC10266984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic linked to SARS-CoV-2 has profoundly disrupted the health systems and many studies have led to a better understanding of this virus, which is responsible for severe disease, particularly during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Term of pregnancy and vaccination status is the main risk factor in addition to classic comorbidities like general population. COVID-19 during pregnancy is responsible for more maternal death, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia spontaneous and induced prematurity. Vaccination is therefore strongly recommended for pregnant patients. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a psychological and social dimension that should not be neglected in the management of a pregnant patient. Correlation between immunological changes and clinical impact are described in this review. Many conclusions can now be made and are summarized in this article in order to discuss possible future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Egloff
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Roques
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea.
| | - Olivier Picone
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Université de Paris, France; IAME Inserm, U1137, Paris, France; Groupe de Recherche Contre Les Infections au Cours de la Grossesse(GRIG), Velizy, France.
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Riquelme-Gallego B, Martínez-Vázquez S, Caparros-Gonzalez RA. Pandemic-related stress in pregnant women during the first COVID-19 lockdown and neonatal development. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37469194 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2237527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress and psychopathology have a negative effect on mothers and neonates. Maternal stress may affect neonatal growth and development both physically and psychologically. PURPOSE To study the impact of pandemic-related pregnancy stress and maternal psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 on neonatal development. METHODS A two-phase prospective study was carried out on a sample of 181 pregnant women ranged from 18 to 40 years old in Spain (Europe). Phase 1: Pandemic-related pregnancy stress (PREPS), Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the revised version of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R) were used to assess psychological symptoms during the lockdown. In the follow-up (Phase 2), obstetric, birth-related and anthropometric variables were collected from 81 pregnant women-neonates dyads. RESULTS Primiparous women showed higher psychopathological symptoms and higher levels of pandemic-related pregnancy stress than multiparous women. A multiple linear regression model showed that pandemic-related pregnancy stress could predict the length of neonate by adjusting for maternal age and gestational age, especially for primiparous women. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Studies assessing neonates development should evaluate the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonates´ length. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE States the relation between pandemic-related pregnancy stress and neonatal development by being able to track the effects on neonates whose mothers had high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Department of Nursing of the University of Granada, Ceuta Campus, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rafael A Caparros-Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing of the University of Granada, Ceuta Campus, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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34
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Mashayekh-Amiri S, Jafarabadi MA, Montazeri M, Fallon V, Silverio SA, Mirghafourvand M. Validation of the Iranian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale 12-item research short-form for use during global crises (PSAS-IR-RSF-C). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:511. [PMID: 37452292 PMCID: PMC10347867 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its high pervasiveness and adversarial consequences, postpartum anxiety has been one of the most worrying public health concerns in the last decade. According to previous research, the occurrence of mental disorders among women in the postpartum period upsurges significantly in the course of universal disasters. The Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale - Research Short Form - for use in global Crises [PSAS-IR-RSF-C] has not been used in Iran for postpartum women during a health system shock. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version (PSAS-IR-RSF-C) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed with 180 women who were between six weeks and six months after delivery, by random sampling method from December 2021 to June 2022. The validity of the PSAS-RSF-C in terms of face, content, was analyzed, and the construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were measured using (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's ω) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. RESULTS The content validity index and content validity ratio of the Persian version of the PSAS-IR-RSF-C were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. A three-factor structure was extracted during the exploratory factor analysis process, and model validity was confirmed by the values of fit indices. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's ω and intra-cluster correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) were 0.74, 0.92 (0.78 to 0.93) and 0.97 (0.93 to 0.98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the specific assessment of postpartum anxiety among Iranian women during crises, the Persian version of the PSAS-IR-RSF-C is a valid and reliable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mashayekh-Amiri
- Students Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC 3144 Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Montazeri
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Victoria Fallon
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio A. Silverio
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abuhammad S, Hamaideh S, Gharaibeh M, Assaf EA, Al-Qasem H, Eldeirawi K. Depression among Jordanian women during pregnancy in COVID-19: Role of social support. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
<b>Aims:</b> To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br />
<b>Method</b>: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D).<br />
<b>Results</b>: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support.<br />
<b>Conclusion:</b> This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, JORDAN
| | - Muntaha Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JORDAN
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Enas A Assaf
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JORDAN
| | | | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gowtham M, Gugapriya TS, Umredkar AA, Deulkar S. The Impact of COVID-19-Related Psychological Stress on Fetoplacental Circulation: A Doppler Scan of Umbilical Vessels in Third-Trimester Antenatal Women. Cureus 2023; 15:e41517. [PMID: 37551208 PMCID: PMC10404444 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta is an important organ of pregnancy. A multitude of physiological and pathological factors influence blood flow in the placenta during pregnancy. However, the fetal effects of maternal psychological stress were inconclusive. The recent COVID-19 pandemic had unprecedented economic, social, and psychological effects. The effect of COVID-19-induced psychological stress in antenatal women and its resultant fetal impact were studied by observing the Doppler waveforms of the uterine and umbilical arteries. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 healthy third-trimester antenatal women who satisfied pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pandemic-related pregnancy stress scale (PREPS) was used to evaluate the stress in pregnant women and categorize it into mild, moderate, and severe levels. The Doppler ultrasound of the uterine and umbilical vessels was done along with a routine growth scan in the third trimester of pregnancy. The arterial waveforms, Pulsatility index (PI) of uterine and umbilical arteries, umbilical vein blood flow, and biometric parameters of the fetus were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Seventeen of the 26 participants were found to be moderately stressed. Among the three dimensions of the PREPS tool, the perinatal infection stress dimension was expressed predominantly. A strong expression of the positive affirmation dimension was seen in antenatal women. The mean Pulsatility index in the mild, moderate, and severe groups was 0.74, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively. The association between the PREPS score and the Pulsatility index of the umbilical artery alone was found to be significant at p=0.02. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic caused moderate to severe levels of psychological stress in pregnant women. The statistically significant association between the PREPS score and the umbilical artery PI indicates possible fetoplacental compromise, suggesting the need for cognitive therapy to manage psychological stress in antenatal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gowtham
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
| | - T S Gugapriya
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
| | - Ashwini A Umredkar
- Radio-diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
| | - Snehal Deulkar
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
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Scandurra C, Mezzalira S, Aviani S, Lastra V, Bochicchio V, Zapparella R, Saccone G, Maldonato NM, Locci M. Perinatal depression during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in a single prenatal clinic in Southern Italy: The role of loneliness, anxiety, and maternal support. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100585. [PMID: 37152681 PMCID: PMC10141786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aimed at assessing the levels of perinatal depression (i.e., both antenatal and postnatal) during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in a group of Italian women, as well as to evaluate the role of loneliness, anxiety, and lack of maternal support in cumulatively predicting perinatal depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 Italian women recruited during a peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (i.e., from September to December 2021) from a single prenatal clinic in Southern Italy. A non-parametric binomial test was conducted to assess whether the perinatal depression frequencies of the current sample differed from those found in a pre-Covid reference group. Additionally, hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses assessing whether loneliness, anxiety, and maternal support affected women's perinatal depression were also conducted. Results The general prevalence of perinatal depression was significantly higher in participants recruited during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-Covid reference group (29% vs. 9.2%). However, results showed that, contrary to postnatal depression (18.2% vs. 19.9%), only the prevalence of antenatal depression was significantly higher compared to the pre-Covid reference group (39.6% vs. 6.4%). Furthermore, loneliness and anxiety, but not maternal support, were associated with higher levels of PD. Limitations Limitations concerned the cross-sectional nature of the study and the relatively small sample size. Conclusions This study sheds light on the need to address perinatal mental health of women during major stressful events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Selene Mezzalira
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci Cubo 18/C, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Silvia Aviani
- Intradepartmental Program of Clinical Psychology, Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Valeria Lastra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci Cubo 18/C, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zapparella
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Locci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
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Ding Y, Shi X, Li G, Liang Q, Yang Z, Peng Y, Deng H, Wang Z. Effects of dynamic zero COVID-19 policy on anxiety status and lifestyle changes of pregnant women in rural South China: a survey-based analysis by propensity score matching method. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182619. [PMID: 37427259 PMCID: PMC10323362 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered a global public health crisis and has brought an unprecedented impact on pregnant women. The problems faced by pregnant women in the rural areas of China during the epidemic are different from those in urban areas. Although the epidemic situation in China has gradually improved, studying the impact of the previous dynamic zero COVID-19 policy on the anxiety status and lifestyle of pregnant women in rural areas of China, is still necessary. Methods A cross-sectional survey of pregnant women in rural South China was conducted from September 2021 to June 2022.Using questionnaires, sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety status, physical activity, sleep quality, and dietary status of the population were collected. Using the propensity score matching method, the effect of the dynamic zero COVID-19 strategy on the anxiety status and lifestyle of pregnant women was analyzed. Results Among the pregnant women in the policy group (n = 136) and the control group (n = 680), 25.7 and 22.4% had anxiety disorders, 83.1 and 84.7% had low or medium levels of physical activity, and 28.7 and 29.1% had sleep disorders, respectively. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the two groups. Compared with control group, the intake of fruit in the policy group increased significantly (p = 0.019), whereas that of aquatic products and eggs decreased significantly (p = 0.027). Both groups exhibited an unreasonable dietary structure and poor compliance with the Chinese dietary guidelines for pregnant women (p > 0.05). The proportion of pregnant women in the policy group, whose intake of stable food (p = 0.002), soybean, and nuts (p = 0.004) was less than the recommended amount, was significantly higher than that in the control group. Discussion The dynamic zero COVID-19 strategy had little impact on the anxiety status, physical activity, and sleep disorders of pregnant women in the rural areas of South China. However, it affected their intake of certain food groups. Improving corresponding food supply and organized nutritional support should be addressed as a strategic approach to improve the health of pregnant women in rural South China during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genyuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfen Liang
- Lingshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qinzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Tianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Yanxia Peng
- Zijin Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Huiqin Deng
- Longchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen W, Peng W, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zhang M. Anxiety and depression among perinatal women during the long-term normal prevention of COVID-19 pandemic period in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:451. [PMID: 37344824 PMCID: PMC10283225 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has increased the probability of occurrence of maternal anxiety and depression in pregnant women. However, there is limited research on anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the long-term normal prevention of COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aimed to examine the anxiety and depression and influencing factors among perinatal women during the long-term normal prevention of COVID-19 pandemic period in China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 1338 pregnant women were studied. The prenatal anxiety and depression were assessed by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Postnatal depression was assessed by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) in 10-14 days after delivery. The data analysis was processed by SPSS9.0. Descriptive analysis was expressed by mean and standard deviation. The counting data were expressed by percentage, χ2 test, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression. RESULTS The incidence of prenatal anxiety (SAS score ≥ 50) was 27.95% (374 cases), prenatal depression (SDS score ≥ 0.5) was 34.01% (455 cases), and postpartum depression (EPDS score ≥ 0.5) was 25.04% (335 cases). Both the prenatal SAS score (r = 0.635, P < 0.001) and prenatal SDS score (r = 0.738, P < 0.001) were related to postpartum depression. Pregnant women who were younger than 35 years, in middle household income, lower education level, underweight before pregnancy, primiparous, and fear of being infected were at increased risk for developing anxiety and depression during the long-term normal prevention of COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The incidences of postpartum depression among perinatal women during the long-term normal prevention of COVID-19 pandemic period were a little lower than those during the COVID-19 outbreak period, but still higher than those before the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Remartínez-Hamed A, Pérez-Morente MÁ, Álvarez-Serrano MA, Martínez-García E, González-García A, García-García I, Martín-Salvador A. Levels and predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a confined cross-border city. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37359590 PMCID: PMC10170432 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy and/or the puerperium involve social, physiological and psychological changes that make women more vulnerable to mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, even more so if these develop in stressful contexts such as the pandemic. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the risk of postpartum anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum women (n = 69) who gave birth between March 2020 and March 2021 in Melilla, a Spanish cross-border city with Morocco whose borders were closed, making it a confined city. The scales used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results reported an elevated risk of depression (85.5%) and anxiety (63.8%), with severe anxiety reaching 40.6% of cases. Predictors of postpartum depression comprised a personal history of mood disorders (β = 8.421; CI95% = 4.863/11.978) and having been diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum (β = 4.488; CI95% = 1.331/7.646). As regards anxiety, it is predicted on the basis of mood antecedents (β = 14.175; CI95% = 7.870/20.479), the fact of having been diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum (β = 8.781; CI95% = 2.970/14.592) and the fact of being a multipara (β = 5.513; CI95% = 0.706/10.321). In conclusion, special attention should be paid to women with a history of mood disorders and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy or postpartum, even more so in the case of multiparous women, because of its impact on mental health during the postpartum period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04719-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Remartínez-Hamed
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - María Adelaida Álvarez-Serrano
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, St. Cortadura del Valle S/N, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Encarnación Martínez-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Guadix High Resolution Hospital, 18500 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto González-García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Adelina Martín-Salvador
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Holmes C, Iwanaga K. Parental Burnout, Quality of Life,
and Pregnancy During COVID-19. FAMILY JOURNAL (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 2023:10664807231173693. [PMCID: PMC10170250 DOI: 10.1177/10664807231173693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parents may be at greater risk to experience parental burnout after experiencing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the unique experiences of parents with young children during the first two years of the pandemic, this study explored the relationship between parental burnout, quality of life (QOL), and perceived threat of COVID-19 among a sample of adults who parented at least one child under the age of five. Method: A brief survey was conducted through convenience sampling (N = 48) and included the Brief Parental Burnout Scale, The QOL Scale, and a perceived COVID threat scale. Results: Logistic regression analysis found that pregnancy was a significant predictor of burnout risk even after controlling other effects on burnout risk. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the pandemic negatively impacted parental burnout and pregnancy during the first 2 years of the pandemic increased risk for burnout. Awareness is important for appropriate assessment and intervention by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Holmes
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kanako Iwanaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Hualin X, Yupin X, Guoqiang Z, Xukun F, Hongmei L. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy worsening perinatal depressive tendency: A follow-up study from the second trimester to the sixth week postpartum. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15845. [PMID: 37215870 PMCID: PMC10199176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The total bile acid (TBA) is usually used to diagnose intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) as a common clinical index. Recently many research reports on the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB axis) suggest that bile acids have an influence on human mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression, linked closely to intestinal microbial population. However, there is still a lack of clinical data to support intrinsic relationships about human cases. In this study, we conducted a follow-up study of 25 ICP and 98 healthy pregnant women to investigate the influence of ICP disease on perinatal depression. To further explore the effect of TBA concentration, we reviewed data of another 41 ICP women then added their cross-sectional data. The results showed that ICP disease increased mental scale scores but a conventional efficient treatment by using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could not decrease scores, suggesting intrahepatic cholestasis might make some key bile acids not to be processed by gut microbiota. UDCA could not replace the function of gut microbiota for easing depression and the change of bile acid composition in intestines worsened perinatal depressive tendency through the MGB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hualin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Yupin
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhao Guoqiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fu Xukun
- Department of Medical Record, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Hongmei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kovacheva K, Rodríguez-Muñoz MF, Gómez-Baya D, Domínguez-Salas S, Motrico E. The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:786. [PMID: 37118763 PMCID: PMC10141819 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an increase in perinatal depression. The aim of this research was to identify which sociodemographic variables are related to the increase in perinatal depression due to the pandemic. In addition to estimating to what extent they predict perinatal depression, differentiating the prenatal and postnatal periods. METHODS The sample consisted of 3,356 subjects, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. A subset of 14 questions was included to collect demographic data. Items from the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Survey were also included. RESULTS Experiencing the change of environment due to COVID-19 as negative and having a history of mental health predict perinatal depression, otherwise having higher education decreases the risk. In the prenatal stage having symptoms compatible with COVID-19 is a predictor of perinatal depression and having more than 3 years living together with the partner and being a housewife decreases the risk. In the postnatal stage being unemployed is a predictor of prenatal depression and being a first-time mother decreases the risk. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the relevance of sociodemographic status. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors of perinatal depression, to make adequate prevention, and to create health policies to alleviate the consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Kovacheva
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain
| | - Emma Motrico
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain
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Zhong W, Zhao A, Lan H, Ren Z, Mao S, Zhang J, Li P, Szeto IMY, Wang P, Zhang Y. Sleep quality, antepartum depression and self-harm thoughts in pregnant Chinese women. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:292-298. [PMID: 36754093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has shown a significant association between sleep and depression, whereas limited studies have examined the association of sleep quality with self-harm ideation in pregnant Chinese women. METHODS A total of 898 pregnant women (first to third trimester) from the Young Investigation Study were enrolled in this study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality. Antepartum depression and self-harm ideation were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In this sample, the prevalence of poor sleep quality and antepartum depression was 44.3 % and 24.4 %, respectively. Furthermore, 12.8 % of women were considered as having self-harm ideation. Individuals in different trimesters reported similar prevalence of self-harm thoughts. Women were more likely to report self-harm thoughts if they were categorized as poor sleep quality or antepartum depression. And women with moderate or severe depression had higher risk of self-harm ideation and poor sleep, compared with those with mild depression. Although sleep quality indirectly influenced self-harm thoughts through the mediation effect of depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality was still associated with a 2.62-fold increased odds of self-harm ideation among women in the second trimester (OR = 2.62; 95 % CI: 1.11-6.21), after adjustment for depression. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred. Results should be generalized carefully. Depression was evaluated by a screening tool rather than clinical interviews. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms and self-harm ideation in pregnant Chinese women were noteworthy and high. Besides, a direct effect was also found between sleep quality and self-harm thoughts among women in the second trimester. Our findings suggest the need to identify and intervene when sleep disturbances are observed in women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxian Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China; Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China; Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Liu Y, Peng LL, Zhang YY, Tang MY, Tang MQ, Xu YY, Ma ZY, Tang Y, Gao L. The post-discharge coping difficulty of puerperal women in a middle and low-income tourist city during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:251. [PMID: 37055725 PMCID: PMC10099011 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, the incidence of mental health problems in perinatal women has been high, and particularly prominent in China which was the first country affected by COVID-19. This paper aims to investigate the current situation and the related factors of maternal coping difficulties after discharge during COVID-19. METHODS General information questionnaires (the Perinatal Maternal Health Literacy Scale, Postpartum Social Support Scale and Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale-New Mother Form) were used to investigate 226 puerperal women in the third week of puerperium. The influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis, correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS The total score of coping difficulties after discharge was 48.92 ± 12.05. At the third week after delivery, the scores of health literacy and social support were 21.34 ± 5.18 and 47.96 ± 12.71. There were negative correlations among health literacy, social support and coping difficulties after discharge (r = -0.34, r = -0.38, P < 0.001). Primipara, family income, health literacy and social support were the main factors influencing maternal coping difficulties after discharge. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, puerperal women in a low- and middle-income city had moderate coping difficulties after discharge and were affected by many factors. To meet the different needs of parturients and improve their psychological coping ability, medical staff should perform adequate assessment of social resources relevant to parturients and their families when they are discharged, so they can smoothly adapt to the role of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan-Lan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mei-Yin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mei-Qiong Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zong-Ying Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lingling Gao
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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46
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Komine-Aizawa S, Yamada N, Haruyama Y, Deguchi M, Fukuda M, Kawana K, Kobashi G, Miyagi E, Yamada H, Sugiyama T, Hayakawa S. The Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Selection of Media Sources to Obtain Information on COVID-19 in Japan in 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040805. [PMID: 37112717 PMCID: PMC10143418 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women presumably gather information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from various sources. However, it is difficult for pregnant women who are not medical professionals to source the appropriate information because of the infodemic related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate how pregnant women gathered information about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. To address this issue, we conducted an online questionnaire survey between 5 October and 22 November 2021, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nihon University School of Medicine. We received 4962 responses after excluding 1179 insufficient answers. Our study found that age, occupation, and infection-risk anxiety influenced the selection of media for obtaining information. Pregnant women who were older, medical professionals, public servants, or educators tended to rely on specialized medical websites, whereas housewives tended to use mass media, social media, and sources with uncertain scientific evidence. Additionally, the number of weeks of gestation and the method of conception (natural or assisted reproductive conception) affected the selection of media. The accessibility of COVID-19 information for pregnant women was determined by their social background and pregnancy status. We need to continue making efforts to ensure that appropriate information is readily available to pregnant women and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naotake Yamada
- Institute of Journalism and Media, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-8375, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Integrated Research Faculty for Advanced Medical Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masashi Deguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Fukuda
- College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Tokyo 154-8513, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideto Yamada
- Center for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo 006-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Isokääntä S, Koivula K, Kokki H, Palokangas S, Tavast K, Toivonen I, Kokki M. Psychiatric symptoms and couple satisfaction in parents of newborns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic-A comparison of two prospective studies. Nurs Open 2023; 10:2667-2677. [PMID: 36380141 PMCID: PMC10006651 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess anxiety, depression, perceived stress, couple satisfaction and life satisfaction of parents of healthy newborns in two cohorts in 2015 and in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A prospective follow-up study. METHODS We enrolled 60 parents of healthy newborns (n = 30 dyads) in 2015 and 60 parents (n = 30 dyads) in 2020. Both parents completed six valid and reliable questionnaires independently 1-2 days and 12 months after delivery: Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Couple Satisfaction Index and Life Satisfaction Scale-4. RESULTS Anxiety was more common but couple satisfaction better in both parents during the COVID-19 pandemic than in 2015. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were similarly low, and life satisfaction was similarly high in both cohorts, indicating ample parental resilience. There was a moderate positive association between previous mental health disorders and parental anxiety after delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Isokääntä
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Krista Koivula
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kokki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sinivaula Palokangas
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Tavast
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iines Toivonen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Kokki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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48
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Guillen-Burgos HF, Galvez-Florez JF, Miranda J, Hincapie-Porras C, Perez-Olivo JL, Piraquive-Caicedo JP, Becerra-Mojica CH, Parra-Ardila SX, Parra-Saavedra MA. Pregnancy and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia: A nationwide cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 12:100488. [PMID: 36718157 PMCID: PMC9877320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Felipe Guillen-Burgos
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clínica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia.,School of Health Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Instituto Cardiovascular del Cesar, Valledupar, Atlántico
| | - Juan Francisco Galvez-Florez
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, La Misericordia Clínica Internacional, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Latin American Society of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Jezid Miranda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidado Intensivo y Obstetricia (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia.,Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Centro Hospitalario Serena del Mar, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - Cristian Hincapie-Porras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario San Jorge, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jose L Perez-Olivo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica La Ermita, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos H Becerra-Mojica
- Centro de Atención Maternofetal INUTERO, Clínica Carlos Ardila Lulle, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Sonia X Parra-Ardila
- Instituto de Cirugía y Terapia Fetal del Caribe, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Miguel A Parra-Saavedra
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Instituto de Cirugía y Terapia Fetal del Caribe, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Coca KP, Chien LY, Lee EY, Souza ACDP, Hong SA, Chang YS. Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 36922822 PMCID: PMC10016169 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far. METHODS A multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated. PPD and social support were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Maternal Social Support Scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to identify associations with PPD symptoms. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify explanatory factors associated with PPD and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Women in Taiwan (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.34, 0.73) and Thailand (AOR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.46, 0.99) had a lower risk of PPD symptoms than those in Brazil. In addition, women with planned pregnancies had a lower risk of PPD (AOR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.60, 0.91). Younger women (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.05, 2.51), health problems during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.42, 2.06), and no change or worse food insecurity during COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.21, 1.27 for no change and AOR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.27, 1.23, respectively) presented a higher likelihood of having PPD. Feeding babies with expressed human milk (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.03, 1.50) and/or complementary food (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.17, 1.94) were associated with PPD symptoms. Women who received low (AOR = 7.74; 95%CI 5.43, 11.03) or medium support (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI 2.71, 3.88) had higher likelihoods of PPD. CONCLUSION PPD symptoms during the pandemic were high in young women, particularly Brazilian women, with health problems in the puerperal pregnancy cycle who fed their babies expressed breast milk and/or complementary food. Low social support also impacted PPD symptoms. This study highlights the need for the professional screening for PPD and provision of virtual or personal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Pereira Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Li-Yin Chien
- Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yang-Ming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kkottongnae University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seo Ah Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Institute for Health and Society, Mahidol University, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
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50
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Frankham LJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Bartik W. The Impact of COVID-19 Related Distress on Antenatal Depression in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4783. [PMID: 36981691 PMCID: PMC10049555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the impact of COVID-19 on mental health has been significant. Pregnant women are known to be a vulnerable population in relation to mental health. In Australia, there was an unprecedented demand during the pandemic for mental health services, including services for pregnant women. Maternal mental health has unique and enduring features that can significantly shape a child's overall development and poor maternal mental health can have considerable social and economic costs. This cross-sectional study evaluated symptoms of antenatal depression and COVID-19-related distress in a sample of two hundred and sixty-nine pregnant women residing in Australia aged between 20 and 43 (M = 31.79, SD = 4.58), as part of a larger study. Social media advertising was used to recruit participants between September 2020 and November 2021. Prevalence rates for antenatal depression were found to be higher in this study (16.4%) compared with previous Australian prevalence rates (7%). COVID-19 distress in relation to having a baby during a COVID-19 outbreak significantly predicted symptoms of antenatal depression, B = 1.46, p < 0.001. Results from this study suggest that mothers and families may have increased mental health vulnerabilities as a consequence of the pandemic for some time yet.
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