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Deng D, Zhao M, Liu H, Zhou S, Liu H, You L, Hao Y. Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder promotes autophagy-dependent ROS decrease to inhibit ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis regulation axis in influenza virus infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155446. [PMID: 38518643 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viral pneumonia is a common complication after influenza virus infection. Xijiao Dihuang Decoction combined with Yinqiao Powder (XDY) is effective on improving influenza viral pneumonia. PURPOSE This study further explores the anti-inflammatory mechanism of XDY in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia. STUDY DESIGN The effects of XDY on inflammation, autophagy, NACHT-LRR-PYD-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis were assessed in the mice with influenza viral pneumonia. In addition, the mouse macrophage cell line (J774A.1) infected with influenza virus was adopted to decode the in vitro effects of XDY on autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. We analyzed the XDY-induced autophagy, especially the mitophagy-related ROS clearance, and the subsequent inhibition of ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis signaling in the infected macrophages by different assays based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In vivo, XDY could effectively improve the lung inflammatory response in the mice with influenza virus pneumonia, due to an intact autophagy flux-promoting effect and the inhibiting roles on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Notably, in vitro, compared with the infected macrophages treated by the NLRP3 inflammasome agonist (Monosodium urate) or the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant agent, the XDY-dependent treating could inhibit pyroptosis by negatively regulating the signaling axis of ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis in the influenza virus-infected macrophages. More interestingly, XDY could promote an intact autophagy flux, inducing mitophagy eliminating the damaged mitochondria to reduce the intracellular ROS accumulation, and thus decrease the oxidative stress in the infected macrophages. Especially, the inhibitor of autophagy inition, 3-Methyladenine, could reverse the inhibitory effect of XDY on ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, indicating an XDY-promoted mitophagy-dependent ROS scavenging. CONCLUSION XDY can promote an intact autophagy flux to eliminate damaged mitochondria, namely mitophagy, which reduces the intracellular ROS accumulation contributing to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, restricting pyroptosis and eventually alleviating the influenza virus-induced inflammatory lesions. The obtained results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of XDY in alleviating influenza virus pneumonia, especially the roles of XDY in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-pyroptosis, with potential therapeutic targets for future application in integrative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanwei Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyao Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leiming You
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Pandey A, Chopra S, Cleary SJ, López-Álvarez M, Quimby FM, Alanizi AAA, Sakhamuri S, Zhang N, Looney MR, Craik CS, Wilson DM, Evans MJ. Imaging the Granzyme Mediated Host Immune Response to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens In Vivo Using Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38819300 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how the host immune system engages complex pathogens is essential to developing therapeutic strategies to overcome their virulence. While granzymes are well understood to trigger apoptosis in infected host cells or bacteria, less is known about how the immune system mobilizes individual granzyme species in vivo to combat diverse pathogens. Toward the goal of studying individual granzyme function directly in vivo, we previously developed a new class of radiopharmaceuticals termed "restricted interaction peptides (RIPs)" that detect biochemically active endoproteases using positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, we showed that secreted granzyme B proteolysis in response to diverse viral and bacterial pathogens could be imaged with [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B, a RIP that specifically targets granzyme B. Wild-type or germline granzyme B knockout mice were instilled intranasally with the A/PR/8/34 H1N1 influenza A strain to generate pneumonia, and granzyme B production within the lungs was measured using [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B PET/CT. Murine myositis models of acute bacterial (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and L. monocytogenes) infection were also developed and imaged using [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B. In all cases, the mice were studied in vivo using mPET/CT and ex vivo via tissue-harvesting, gamma counting, and immunohistochemistry. [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake was significantly higher in the lungs of wild-type mice that received A/PR/8/34 H1N1 influenza A strain compared to mice that received sham or granzyme B knockout mice that received either treatment. In wild-type mice, [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake was significantly higher in the infected triceps muscle versus normal muscle and the contralateral triceps inoculated with heat killed bacteria. In granzyme B knockout mice, [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake above the background was not observed in the infected triceps muscle. Interestingly, live L. monocytogenes did not induce detectable granzyme B on PET, despite prior in vitro data, suggesting a role for granzyme B in suppressing their pathogenicity. In summary, these data show that the granzyme response elicited by diverse human pathogens can be imaged using PET. These results and data generated via additional RIPs specific for other granzyme proteases will allow for a deeper mechanistic study analysis of their complex in vivo biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pandey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Shalini Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Fiona M Quimby
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aryn A A Alanizi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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3
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Brogaard L, Heegaard PMH, Larsen LE, Skovgaard K. Pulmonary MicroRNA expression after heterologous challenge with swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in immunized and non-immunized pigs. Virology 2024; 596:110117. [PMID: 38797064 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to post-transcriptional modulation of the host response during influenza A virus (IAV) infection and may be involved in shaping disease severity. Differential disease severity was achieved in two groups of pigs by immunization of one group with a commercial swine IAV vaccine prior to heterologous IAV (H1N2) challenge of both groups. Lung tissue was harvested 1, 3, and 14 days after challenge and miRNA expression was quantified. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis was employed to examine the functional relevance of genes potentially regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in pigs with varying degrees of disease severity following IAV infection. Results suggested that the miRNA response associated with less severe disease may modulate host mechanisms essential for viral life cycle, e.g. transcription, translation, and protein trafficking. During more severe disease, miRNA-mediated regulation may focus on dampening virus-specific processes e.g. virion assembly and viral protein processing, and controlling host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Huckestein BR, Zeng K, Westcott R, Alder JK, Antos D, Kolls JK, Alcorn JF. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation in Macrophages Contributes to Persistent Lung Inflammation following Respiratory Tract Viral Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:384-401. [PMID: 38159723 PMCID: PMC10913760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory tract virus infections cause millions of hospitalizations worldwide each year. Severe infections lead to lung damage that coincides with persistent inflammation and a lengthy repair period. Vaccination and antiviral therapy help to mitigate severe infections before or during the acute stage of disease, but there are currently limited specific treatment options available to individuals experiencing the long-term sequelae of respiratory viral infection. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 as a model for severe viral lung infection and allowed to recover for 21 days. Mice were treated with rapamycin, a well-characterized mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, on days 12 to 20 after infection, a time period after viral clearance. Persistent inflammation following severe influenza infection in mice was primarily driven by macrophages and T cells. Uniform manifold approximation and projection analysis of flow cytometry data revealed that lung macrophages had high activation of mTORC1, an energy-sensing kinase involved in inflammatory immune cell effector functions. Rapamycin treatment reduced lung inflammation and the frequency of exudate macrophages, T cells, and B cells in the lung, while not impacting epithelial progenitor cells or adaptive immune memory. These data highlight mTORC1's role in sustaining persistent inflammation following clearance of a viral respiratory pathogen and suggest a possible intervention for post-viral chronic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brydie R Huckestein
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosemary Westcott
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle Antos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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5
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Piret J, Boivin G. The impact of trained immunity in respiratory viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2510. [PMID: 38282407 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Epidemic peaks of respiratory viruses that co-circulate during the winter-spring seasons can be synchronous or asynchronous. The occurrence of temporal patterns in epidemics caused by some respiratory viruses suggests that they could negatively interact with each other. These negative interactions may result from a programme of innate immune memory, known as trained immunity, which may confer broad protective effects against respiratory viruses. It is suggested that stimulation of innate immune cells by a vaccine or a pathogen could induce their long-term functional reprogramming through an interplay between metabolic and epigenetic changes, which influence the transcriptional response to a secondary challenge. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the circulation of most respiratory viruses was prevented by non-pharmacological interventions and then resumed at unusual periods once sanitary measures were lifted. With time, respiratory viruses should find again their own ecological niches. This transition period provides an opportunity to study the interactions between respiratory viruses at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Piret
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Wang C, Khatun MS, Zhang Z, Allen MJ, Chen Z, Ellsworth CR, Currey JM, Dai G, Tian D, Bach K, Yin XM, Traina-Dorge V, Rappaport J, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Pociask DA, Qin X. COVID-19 and influenza infections mediate distinct pulmonary cellular and transcriptomic changes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1265. [PMID: 38092883 PMCID: PMC10719262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause persistent respiratory sequelae. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that sub-lethally infected K18-human ACE2 mice show patchy pneumonia associated with histiocytic inflammation and collagen deposition at 21 and 45 days post infection (DPI). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that compared to influenza-infected mice, SARS-CoV-2-infected mice had reduced interferon-gamma/alpha responses at 4 DPI and failed to induce keratin 5 (Krt5) at 6 DPI in lung, a marker of nascent pulmonary progenitor cells. Histologically, influenza- but not SARS-CoV-2-infected mice showed extensive Krt5+ "pods" structure co-stained with stem cell markers Trp63/NGFR proliferated in the pulmonary consolidation area at both 7 and 14 DPI, with regression at 21 DPI. These Krt5+ "pods" structures were not observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans or nonhuman primates. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection fails to induce nascent Krt5+ cell proliferation in consolidated regions, leading to incomplete repair of the injured lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michaela J Allen
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Calder R Ellsworth
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joshua M Currey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Konrad Bach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vicki Traina-Dorge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Al-Shalan HAM, Hu D, Wang P, Uddin J, Chopra A, Greene WK, Ma B. Transcriptomic Profiling of Influenza A Virus-Infected Mouse Lung at Recovery Stage Using RNA Sequencing. Viruses 2023; 15:2198. [PMID: 38005876 PMCID: PMC10675624 DOI: 10.3390/v15112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is known to cause mild to severe respiratory illness. Under some conditions, the infection can lead to pneumonia (viral or bacterial), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and other complications that can be fatal, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Despite previous studies, little is known about the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions in IAV infection. Using RNA sequencing, we performed transcriptomic analysis of murine lung tissue 21 days post infection (dpi) with IAV (H1N1) in order to find the differentially expression genes (DEGs) related to the host immune response and neuroimmune interactions inside the lung during recovery. Among 792 DEGs, 434 genes were up-regulated, whereas 358 genes were down-regulated. The most prominent molecular functions of the up-regulated genes were related to the immune response and tissue repair, whereas a large proportion of the down-regulated genes were associated with neural functions. Although further molecular/functional studies need to be performed for these DEGs, our results facilitate the understanding of the host response (from innate immunity to adaptive immunity) and neuroimmune interactions in infected lungs at the recovery stage of IAV infection. These genes might have potential uses as mechanistic/diagnostic biomarkers and represent possible targets for anti-IAV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda A M Al-Shalan
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
- Department of Microbiology/Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
| | - Dailun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
| | - Jasim Uddin
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Genomics Core Research Facility, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
| | - Wayne K Greene
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia
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Eriksson M, Nylén S, Grönvik KO. T cell kinetics reveal expansion of distinct lung T cell subsets in acute versus in resolved influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949299. [PMID: 36275685 PMCID: PMC9582761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is restricted to airway-associated tissues and elicits both cellular and humoral responses ultimately resulting in generation of memory cells able to initiate a rapid immune response against re-infections. Resident memory T cells confer protection at the site of infection where lung-resident memory T cells are important for protecting the host against homologous and heterologous influenza virus infections. Mapping kinetics of local and systemic T cell memory formation is needed to better understand the role different T cells have in viral control and protection. After infecting BALB/c mice with influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 the main proportion of activated T cells and B cells expressing the early activation marker CD69 was detected in lungs and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes. Increased frequencies of activated cells were also observed in the peripheral lymphoid organs spleen, inguinal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes. Likewise, antigen-specific T cells were most abundant in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes but present in all organs studied. CD8+CD103-CD49a+ lung-resident T cells expanded simultaneously with timing of viral clearance whereas CD8+CD103+CD49a+ lung-resident T cells was the most abundant subset after resolution of infection and antigen-specific, lung-resident T cells were detected up to seven months after infection. In conclusion, the results in this detailed kinetic study demonstrate that influenza virus infection elicits adaptive immune responses mainly in respiratory tract-associated tissues and that distinct subsets of lung-resident T cells expand at different time points during infection. These findings contribute to the understanding of the adaptive immune response locally and systemically following influenza virus infection and call for further studies on the roles of the lung-resident T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Malin Eriksson,
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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Britto C, Mohorianu I, Yeung T, Cheung E, Novak T, Hall MW, Mourani PM, Weiss SL, Thomas NJ, Markovitz B, Randolph AG, Moffitt KL. Host respiratory transcriptome signature associated with poor outcome in children with influenza-Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1286-1294. [PMID: 35899844 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory coinfection of influenza with Staphylococcus aureus often causes severe disease; methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) coinfection is frequently fatal. Understanding disease pathogenesis may inform therapies. We aimed to identify host and pathogen transcriptomic (mRNA) signatures from the respiratory compartment of patients with influenza-S. aureus coinfection (ISAC) critical illness that predict worse outcomes. mRNA extracted from endotracheal aspirates was evaluated for S. aureus and host transcriptomic biosignatures. Influenza-MRSA outcomes were worse, but of 190 S. aureus virulence-associated genes, 6 were differentially expressed between MRSA- versus methicillin-susceptible S. aureus coinfected patients and none discriminated outcome. Host gene expression in ISAC patients was compared to influenza infection alone. Patients with poor clinical outcomes (death or prolonged multi-organ dysfunction) had relatively reduced expression of interferons and down-regulation of interferon gamma-induced immune cell chemoattractants CXCL10 and CXCL11. In influenza-S. aureus respiratory coinfection, airway host but not pathogen gene expression profiles predicted worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Britto
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK.,Division of Infectious Disease, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge, Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Yeung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Cheung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Novak
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Hall
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter M Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Scott L Weiss
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Barry Markovitz
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Pan J, Xu J. Potential Predictive Value of miR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p and Their Target Genes in the Course of COVID-19. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4079-4091. [PMID: 35937783 PMCID: PMC9346419 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s372420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to provide new biomarkers for predicting the disease course of COVID-19 by analyzing the dynamic changes of microRNA (miRNA) and its target gene expression in the serum of COVID-19 patients at different stages. Methods Serum samples were collected from all COVID-19 patients at three time points: the acute stage, the turn-negative stage, and the recovery stage. The expression level of miRNA and the target mRNA was measured by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The classification tree model was established to predict the disease course, and the prediction efficiency of independent variables in the model was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The expression of miR-125b-5p and miR-155-5p was significantly up-regulated in the acute stage and gradually decreased in the turn-negative and recovery stages. The expression of the target genes CDH5, STAT3, and TRIM32 gradually down-regulated in the acute, turn-negative, and recovery stages. MiR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p, STAT3, and TRIM32 constituted a classification tree model with 100% accuracy of prediction and AUC >0.7 for identification and prediction in all stages. Conclusion MiR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p, STAT3, and TRIM32 could be useful biomarkers to predict the time nodes of the acute, turn-negative, and recovery stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqi Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiancheng Xu, Tel +86-431-8878-2595, Fax +86-431-8878-6169, Email
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12
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Klimenko OV. Perspectives on the Use of Small Noncoding RNAs as a Therapy for Severe Virus-Induced Disease Manifestations and Late Complications. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022; 12:994-1001. [PMID: 35529531 PMCID: PMC9066397 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses appear each year. Some of these viruses result in severe disease and even death. The frequency of epidemics and pandemics is growing at an alarming rate. The lack of virus-specific etiopathogenic drugs necessitates the search for new tools for the complex treatment of severe viral diseases and their late complications. Small noncoding RNAs and their antagonists may be effective therapeutic tools for preventing virus-induced damage to targeted epithelial cells and surrounding tissues in the manifestation stage. Moreover, sncRNAs could interfere with the virus-interacting host genes that trigger the malignant transformation of target cells as a late complication of severe viral diseases.
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13
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Optical genome mapping identifies rare structural variations as predisposition factors associated with severe COVID-19. iScience 2022; 25:103760. [PMID: 35036860 PMCID: PMC8744399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impressive global efforts have identified both rare and common gene variants associated with severe COVID-19 using sequencing technologies. However, these studies lack the sensitivity to accurately detect several classes of variants, especially large structural variants (SVs), which account for a substantial proportion of genetic diversity including clinically relevant variation. We performed optical genome mapping on 52 severely ill COVID-19 patients to identify rare/unique SVs as decisive predisposition factors associated with COVID-19. We identified 7 SVs involving genes implicated in two key host-viral interaction pathways: innate immunity and inflammatory response, and viral replication and spread in nine patients, of which SVs in STK26 and DPP4 genes are the most intriguing candidates. This study is the first to systematically assess the potential role of SVs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to evaluate SVs along with sequencing variants to comprehensively associate genomic information with interindividual variability in COVID-19 phenotypes.
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14
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MicroRNA let-7 and viral infections: focus on mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:14. [PMID: 35164678 PMCID: PMC8853298 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of several critical cellular processes, a number of which are involved in host defense mechanisms. In particular, miRNA let-7 functions as an essential regulator of the function and differentiation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Let-7 is involved in several human diseases, including cancer and viral infections. Several viral infections have found ways to dysregulate the expression of miRNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound lipid structures released from many types of human cells that can transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs, including let-7. After their release, EVs are taken up by the recipient cells and their contents released into the cytoplasm. Let-7-loaded EVs have been suggested to affect cellular pathways and biological targets in the recipient cells, and can modulate viral replication, the host antiviral response, and the action of cancer-related viruses. In the present review, we summarize the available knowledge concerning the expression of let-7 family members, functions, target genes, and mechanistic involvement in viral pathogenesis and host defense. This may provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies to manage viral infections.
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15
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WANG M, WANG W, WANG J, ZHANG J. MiR-155 contribute to airway inflammation in COPD by regulating autophagy via targeting TLR4/NF-ΚB. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.44321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendong WANG
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jiashun WANG
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jun ZHANG
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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16
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Haroun RAH, Osman WH, Amin RE, Hassan AK, Abo-Shanab WS, Eessa AM. Circulating plasma miR-155 is a potential biomarker for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pathology 2021; 54:104-110. [PMID: 34838331 PMCID: PMC8570980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of human miRNAs involved in coronavirus-host interplay is important due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the circulating plasma miR-155 expression level in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls to investigate its roles in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 disease and to assess its usefulness as a clinical biomarker for the detection of COVID-19 disease and the severity of infection. A total of 150 COVID-19 patients and 50 controls were enrolled into our study. Beside the routine laboratory work and chest computed tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients, plasma miR-155 expression level was measured using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) technique. Our results demonstrated increased miR-155 expression level in COVID-19 patients compared to controls, in severe compared to moderate COVID-19 patients, and in non-survival compared to survival COVID-19 patients. miR-155 expression level also had significant correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of COVID-19 patients such as chest CT findings, CRP, ferritin, mortality, D-dimer, WBC count, and lymphocytes and neutrophils percentages. Also, our results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for miR-155 was 0.986 with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity when used as a biomarker for the detection of COVID-19 disease; while in detection of severity of COVID-19 disease, AUC for miR-155 was 0.75 with 76% sensitivity and specificity. From these results we can conclude that miR-155 has a crucial role in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19; also, it could be a good diagnostic clinical biomarker for the detection of COVID-19 disease and the severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleed H Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Amin
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmad K Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Waleed S Abo-Shanab
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Eessa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, Egypt
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17
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Novak C, Ballinger MN, Ghadiali S. Mechanobiology of Pulmonary Diseases: A Review of Engineering Tools to Understand Lung Mechanotransduction. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:110801. [PMID: 33973005 PMCID: PMC8299813 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells within the lung micro-environment are continuously subjected to dynamic mechanical stimuli which are converted into biochemical signaling events in a process known as mechanotransduction. In pulmonary diseases, the abrogated mechanical conditions modify the homeostatic signaling which influences cellular phenotype and disease progression. The use of in vitro models has significantly expanded our understanding of lung mechanotransduction mechanisms. However, our ability to match complex facets of the lung including three-dimensionality, multicellular interactions, and multiple simultaneous forces is limited and it has proven difficult to replicate and control these factors in vitro. The goal of this review is to (a) outline the anatomy of the pulmonary system and the mechanical stimuli that reside therein, (b) describe how disease impacts the mechanical micro-environment of the lung, and (c) summarize how existing in vitro models have contributed to our current understanding of pulmonary mechanotransduction. We also highlight critical needs in the pulmonary mechanotransduction field with an emphasis on next-generation devices that can simulate the complex mechanical and cellular environment of the lung. This review provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the current state of knowledge in pulmonary mechanotransduction and identifying the areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caymen Novak
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Megan N. Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Samir Ghadiali
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2124N Fontana Labs, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
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18
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Alveolar Regeneration in COVID-19 Patients: A Network Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011279. [PMID: 34681944 PMCID: PMC8538208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A viral infection involves entry and replication of viral nucleic acid in a host organism, subsequently leading to biochemical and structural alterations in the host cell. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, over-activation of the host immune system may lead to lung damage. Albeit the regeneration and fibrotic repair processes being the two protective host responses, prolonged injury may lead to excessive fibrosis, a pathological state that can result in lung collapse. In this review, we discuss regeneration and fibrosis processes in response to SARS-CoV-2 and provide our viewpoint on the triggering of alveolar regeneration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
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19
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Jafarzadeh A, Naseri A, Shojaie L, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Hamblin MR, Akhlagh SA, Mirzaei H. MicroRNA-155 and antiviral immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108188. [PMID: 34626873 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microRNA, miR-155 regulates both adaptive and innate immune responses. In viral infections, miR-155 can affect both innate immunity (interferon response, natural killer cell activity, and macrophage polarization) and adaptive immunity (including generation of anti-viral antibodies, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th17, Th2, Th1, Tfh and Treg cells). In many viral infections, the proper and timely regulation of miR-155 expression is critical for the induction of an effective anti-virus immune response and viral clearance without any harmful immunopathologic consequences. MiR-155 may also exert pro-viral effects, mainly through the inhibition of the anti-viral interferon response. Thus, dysregulated expression of miR-155 can result in virus persistence and disruption of the normal response to viral infections. This review provides a thorough discussion of the role of miR-155 in immune responses and immunopathologic reactions during viral infections, and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Alma Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Islamic Azadi university of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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20
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Donyavi T, Bokharaei-Salim F, Baghi HB, Khanaliha K, Alaei Janat-Makan M, Karimi B, Sadri Nahand J, Mirzaei H, Khatami A, Garshasbi S, Khoshmirsafa M, Jalal Kiani S. Acute and post-acute phase of COVID-19: Analyzing expression patterns of miRNA-29a-3p, 146a-3p, 155-5p, and let-7b-3p in PBMC. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107641. [PMID: 33895478 PMCID: PMC8023203 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a new pathogen, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, appears all novel information can aid in the process of monitoring and in the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of the current study is to elucidate the specific miRNA profile which can act as new biomarkers for distinguishing acute COVID-19 disease from the healthy group and those in the post-acute phase of the COVID-19 disease. METHODS The expression level of selected miRNAs including let-7b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-3p and miR-155-5p were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients, in both the acute and post-acute COVID-19 phase of the disease and healthy groups, by real-time PCR assays. Specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs was tested by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS The expression level of all miRNAs in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than in the healthy group. Therefore, the expression pattern of miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-3p and let-7b-3p in the post-acute COVID-19 phase was significantly different from the acute COVID-19 phase. ROC analyses demonstrated that miR-29a-3p, -155-5p and -146a-3p may serve as the novel biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis with high specificity and sensitivity. In addition, miR-29a-3p, and -146a-3p can maybe act as novel biomarkers for distinguishing acute from post-acute phase of COVID-19 disease. DISCUSSION The difference in miRNA expression pattern between COVID-19 patients and those in the healthy group, and between acute COVID-19 with post-acute COVID-19, suggested that cellular miRNAs could be used as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Donyavi
- Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Karimi
- Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Garshasbi
- Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Donyavi T, Bokharaei-Salim F, Baghi HB, Khanaliha K, Alaei Janat-Makan M, Karimi B, Sadri Nahand J, Mirzaei H, Khatami A, Garshasbi S, Khoshmirsafa M, Jalal Kiani S. Acute and post-acute phase of COVID-19: Analyzing expression patterns of miRNA-29a-3p, 146a-3p, 155-5p, and let-7b-3p in PBMC. Int Immunopharmacol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107641 order by 26881--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Bohaud C, Johansen MD, Jorgensen C, Kremer L, Ipseiz N, Djouad F. The Role of Macrophages During Mammalian Tissue Remodeling and Regeneration Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707856. [PMID: 34335621 PMCID: PMC8317995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several infectious pathologies in humans, such as tuberculosis or SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for tissue or lung damage, requiring regeneration. The regenerative capacity of adult mammals is limited to few organs. Critical injuries of non-regenerative organs trigger a repair process that leads to a definitive architectural and functional disruption, while superficial wounds result in scar formation. Tissue lesions in mammals, commonly studied under non-infectious conditions, trigger cell death at the site of the injury, as well as the production of danger signals favouring the massive recruitment of immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages are also of paramount importance in infected injuries, characterized by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, where they must respond to both infection and tissue damage. In this review, we compare the processes implicated in the tissue repair of non-infected versus infected injuries of two organs, the skeletal muscles and the lungs, focusing on the primary role of macrophages. We discuss also the negative impact of infection on the macrophage responses and the possible routes of investigation for new regenerative therapies to improve the recovery state as seen with COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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23
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Worrell JC, MacLeod MKL. Stromal-immune cell crosstalk fundamentally alters the lung microenvironment following tissue insult. Immunology 2021; 163:239-249. [PMID: 33556186 PMCID: PMC8014587 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between stromal and immune cells is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis, mount an effective immune response and promote tissue repair. This 'crosstalk' occurs in both the steady state and following a variety of insults, for example, in response to local injury, at sites of infection or cancer. What do we mean by crosstalk between cells? Reciprocal activation and/or regulation occurs between immune and stromal cells, by direct cell contact and indirect mechanisms, including the release of soluble cytokines. Moving beyond cell-to-cell contact, this review investigates the complexity of 'cross-space' cellular communication. We highlight different examples of cellular communication by a variety of lung stromal and immune cells following tissue insults. This review examines how the 'geography of the lung microenvironment' is altered in various disease states; more specifically, we investigate how this influences lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts via their communication with immune cells and each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Worrell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Megan K. L. MacLeod
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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24
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Down-regulation of miR-155 inhibits inflammatory response in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2429-2436. [PMID: 32889908 PMCID: PMC7575171 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells play a key role in the cytokine storm caused by influenza A virus. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator in inflammation. Its role in the inflammatory response to influenza A infection, however, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-155 in the cytokine production in influenza A-infected endothelial cells. Methods: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were infected with the influenza A virus strain H1N1. The efficiency of H1N1 infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and miR-155 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay characterized the interaction between miR-155 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). Changes in the target protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. Results: MiR-155 was elevated in response to the H1N1 infection in HPMECs (24 h post-infection vs. 0 h post-infection, 3.875 ± 0.062 vs. 1.043 ± 0.013, P = 0.001). Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, all P < 0.05 in regard of cytokine levels) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in infected HPMECs (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, P = 0.004), and down-regulation of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, S1PR1 was a direct target of miR-155 in the HPMECs. Inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the expression of the S1PR1 protein. Down-regulation of S1PR1 decreased the inhibitory effect of the miR-155 blockade on H1N1-induced cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in HPMECs. Conclusion: MiR-155 maybe modulate influenza A-induced inflammatory response by targeting S1PR1.
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25
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Zhang S, Amahong K, Sun X, Lian X, Liu J, Sun H, Lou Y, Zhu F, Qiu Y. The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1137-1149. [PMID: 33675361 PMCID: PMC7989616 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a severe and rapidly evolving epidemic. Now, although a few drugs and vaccines have been proved for its treatment and prevention, little systematic comments are made to explain its susceptibility to humans. A few scattered studies used bioinformatics methods to explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in COVID-19 infection. Combining these timely reports and previous studies about virus and miRNA, we comb through the available clues and seemingly make the perspective reasonable that the COVID-19 cleverly exploits the interplay between the small miRNA and other biomolecules to avoid being effectively recognized and attacked from host immune protection as well to deactivate functional genes that are crucial for immune system. In detail, SARS-CoV-2 can be regarded as a sponge to adsorb host immune-related miRNA, which forces host fall into dysfunction status of immune system. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 encodes its own miRNAs, which can enter host cell and are not perceived by the host's immune system, subsequently targeting host function genes to cause illnesses. Therefore, this article presents a reasonable viewpoint that the miRNA-based interplays between the host and SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary cause that SARS-CoV-2 accesses and attacks the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Xiuna Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xichen Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Huaicheng Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Blériot C, Chakarov S, Ginhoux F. Determinants of Resident Tissue Macrophage Identity and Function. Immunity 2021; 52:957-970. [PMID: 32553181 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) have a broad spectrum of immune- and non-immune-related tissue-supporting activities. The roots of this heterogeneity and versatility are only beginning to be understood. Here, we propose a conceptual framework for considering the RTM heterogeneity that organizes the factors shaping RTM identity within four cardinal points: (1) ontogeny and the view that adult RTM populations comprise a defined mixture of cells that arise from either embryonic precursors or adult monocytes; (2) local factors unique to the niche of residence, evolving during development and aging; (3) inflammation status; and (4) the cumulative effect of time spent in a specific tissue that contributes to the resilient adaptation of macrophages to their dynamic environment. We review recent findings within this context and discuss the technological advances that are revolutionizing the study of macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blériot
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building #3-4, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building #3-4, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building #3-4, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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28
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Yang X, Liang Y, Bamunuarachchi G, Xu Y, Vaddadi K, Pushparaj S, Xu D, Zhu Z, Blaha R, Huang C, Liu L. miR-29a is a negative regulator of influenza virus infection through targeting of the frizzled 5 receptor. Arch Virol 2020; 166:363-373. [PMID: 33206218 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections result in a large number of deaths and substantial economic losses each year. MicroRNAs repress gene expression and are involved in virus-host interactions. miR-29a is known to have anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic effects. However, the role of miR-29a in IAV infection is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of miR-29a on IAV infection and the mechanisms by which it functions. IAV infection was found to cause decreased miR-29a expression in lung epithelial A549 cells and mouse lungs. Overexpression of miR-29a reduced IAV mRNA and protein levels and progeny virus production in HEK293 and A549 cells. Inhibition of IAV infection by miR-29a was observed with different strains of IAV, including A/PR/8/34, A/WSN/1933, and clinical isolates A/OK/3052/09 and A/OK/309/06 H3N2. Knockout of miR-29a using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in an increase in viral mRNA and protein levels, confirming that miR-29a suppresses IAV infection. A 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) reporter assay showed that miR-29a had binding sites in the 3'-UTR of the Wnt-Ca2+ signaling receptor frizzled 5 gene, and overexpression of miR-29a reduced the level of the endogenous frizzled 5 protein. Wnt5a treatment of HEK293 and A549 cells enhanced IAV infection. Our results suggest that miR-29a inhibits IAV infection, probably via the frizzled 5 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Gayan Bamunuarachchi
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Kishore Vaddadi
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Dao Xu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Zhengyu Zhu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Rachel Blaha
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Li K, Chen X, Zhong J, Ye H, Zhang S, Ge D, Wang X, Wu Y. The effects of the Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder on miRNA-mRNA profiles in mice infected with influenza a virus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32957919 PMCID: PMC7507722 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in acute inflammatory and antiviral responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. The Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder (XDY) is applied to remedy viral pneumonia in China and its therapeutic efficacy in pneumonic mice challenged with IAV was demonstrated; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to explore the miRNA-mRNA profiles in the lungs of IAV-infected mice and investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of XDY involving miRNAs and associated pathways. Methods We detected the cellular miRNA contents in the lungs of mice treated with XDY (23 g/kg/d) for A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) (FM1) infection at 4 days postinoculation (dpi) and 7 dpi. MiRNA and mRNA high-throughput sequencing analyses, and miRNA and mRNA qRT-PCR analyses were used to detect and verify the relevant miRNAs and mRNAs. Conjoint analysis, GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG database analysis were applied to identify the miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships. Results The quantities of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were upregulated over time. The data showed that 104 miRNAs and 3485 mRNAs were differentially expressed after challenge with FM1 on day 4, while 191 miRNAs and 6126 mRNAs were differentially expressed on day 7. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG database data showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were mainly enriched in JNK activity, MAPK phosphatase activity, and the TLR, Jak-STAT and TNF signalling pathways after treatment of FM1 infection with XDY. Generally, the expression trends of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs based on the qRT-PCR results exhibited good consistency with the results of the high-throughput sequencing analysis. Conclusions MiRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed during FM1 infection. The therapeutic mechanisms of XDY in FM1-infected mice, might be related to regulating antiviral immunity and ameliorating excessive inflammatory responses by modulating the expression of dysregulated miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the ERK/JNK-AP-1, and IFN-β/STAT signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Hehe Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Center of Research and Experiments, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Center of Research and Experiments, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545001, China.
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30
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Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471 Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412036.20000 0004 0531 9758Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412027.20000 0004 0620 9374Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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31
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Influenza sequelae: from immune modulation to persistent alveolitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1697-1714. [PMID: 32648583 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute influenza virus infections are a global public health concern accounting for millions of illnesses worldwide ranging from mild to severe with, at time, severe complications. Once an individual is infected, the immune system is triggered in response to the pathogen. This immune response can be beneficial ultimately leading to the clearance of the viral infection and establishment of immune memory mechanisms. However, it can be detrimental by increasing susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections and resulting in permanent changes to the lung architecture, in the form of fibrotic sequelae. Here, we review influenza associated bacterial super-infection, the formation of T-cell memory, and persistent lung injury resulting from influenza infection.
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Tobin JM, Nickolich KL, Ramanan K, Pilewski MJ, Lamens KD, Alcorn JF, Robinson KM. Influenza Suppresses Neutrophil Recruitment to the Lung and Exacerbates Secondary Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:480-488. [PMID: 32522833 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus that can cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis when spores are inhaled into the respiratory tract and invade airway or lung tissue. Influenza is a common respiratory virus that can cause severe respiratory disease, and postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which is becoming a well-recognized clinical problem, typically occurs in critically ill patients. Mice challenged with influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 and subsequently challenged with A. fumigatus had increased fungal burden, viral burden, inflammation, and mortality compared with single infected mice. Neutrophil recruitment in the lung of superinfected mice was decreased; however, mice were not neutropenic, and there was no difference in absolute blood neutrophils between groups. Additionally, CXCL1 and CXCL2 were decreased in lungs of superinfected mice compared with controls. IFN levels were increased in mice that received influenza, and deletion of STAT1 resulted in decreased fungal burden, increased airway and lung neutrophils, and increased CXCL1 compared with wild-type mice, whereas deletion of STAT2 did not change fungal burden or airway neutrophilia compared with wild-type mice. These data demonstrate a mechanism by which influenza A-induced STAT1 signaling inhibits neutrophil recruitment and increases susceptibility to postinfluenza invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kara L Nickolich
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Krishnaveni Ramanan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Matthew J Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kristina D Lamens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Keven M Robinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
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Arroyo M, Salka K, Chorvinsky E, Xuchen X, Abutaleb K, Perez GF, Weinstock J, Gaviria S, Gutierrez MJ, Nino G. Airway mir-155 responses are associated with TH1 cytokine polarization in young children with viral respiratory infections. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233352. [PMID: 32442188 PMCID: PMC7244143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) control gene expression and the development of the immune system and antiviral responses. MiR-155 is an evolutionarily-conserved molecule consistently induced during viral infections in different cell systems. Notably, there is still an unresolved paradox for the role of miR-155 during viral respiratory infections. Despite being essential for host antiviral TH1 immunity, miR-155 may also contribute to respiratory disease by enhancing allergic TH2 responses and NFkB-mediated inflammation. The central goal of this study was to define how airway miR-155 production is related to TH1, TH2, and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during naturally occurring viral respiratory infections in young children. METHODS Normalized nasal airway levels of miR-155 and nasal protein levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-13, IL-4 were quantified in young children (≤2 years) hospitalized with viral respiratory infections and uninfected controls. These data were linked to individual characteristics and respiratory disease parameters. RESULTS A total of 151 subjects were included. Increased miR-155 levels were observed in nasal samples from patients with rhinovirus, RSV and all respiratory viruses analyzed. High miR-155 levels were strongly associated with high IFN-γ production, increased airway TH1 cytokine polarization (IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios) and increased pro-inflammatory responses. High airway miR-155 levels were linked to decreased respiratory disease severity in individuals with high airway TH1 antiviral responses. CONCLUSIONS The airway secretion of miR-155 during viral respiratory infections in young children is associated with enhanced antiviral immunity (TH1 polarization). Further studies are needed to define additional physiological roles of miR-155 in the respiratory tract of human infants and young children during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arroyo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kyle Salka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Xilei Xuchen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Karima Abutaleb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Susana Gaviria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Woods PS, Doolittle LM, Rosas LE, Nana-Sinkam SP, Tili E, Davis IC. Increased expression of microRNA-155-5p by alveolar type II cells contributes to development of lethal ARDS in H1N1 influenza A virus-infected mice. Virology 2020; 545:40-52. [PMID: 32308197 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential to lung function and a primary site of influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Effects of IAV infection on ATII cell microRNA (miR) expression have not been comprehensively investigated. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with 10,000 or 100 pfu/mouse of IAV A/WSN/33 (H1N1) significantly altered expression of 73 out of 1908 mature murine miRs in ATII cells at 2 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and 253 miRs at 6 d.p.i. miR-155-5p (miR-155) showed the greatest increase in expression within ATII cells at both timepoints and the magnitude of this increase correlated with inoculum size and pulmonary edema severity. Influenza-induced lung injury was attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic miR-155-knockout mice without affecting viral replication. Attenuation of lung injury was dependent on deletion of miR-155 from stromal cells and was recapitulated in ATII cell-specific miR-155-knockout mice. These data suggest that ATII cell miR-155 is a potential therapeutic target for IAV-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker S Woods
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren M Doolittle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucia E Rosas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Niethamer TK, Stabler CT, Leach JP, Zepp JA, Morley MP, Babu A, Zhou S, Morrisey EE. Defining the role of pulmonary endothelial cell heterogeneity in the response to acute lung injury. eLife 2020; 9:e53072. [PMID: 32091393 PMCID: PMC7176435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) are an essential component of the gas exchange machinery of the lung alveolus. Despite this, the extent and function of lung EC heterogeneity remains incompletely understood. Using single-cell analytics, we identify multiple EC populations in the mouse lung, including macrovascular endothelium (maEC), microvascular endothelium (miECs), and a new population we have termed Car4-high ECs. Car4-high ECs express a unique gene signature, and ligand-receptor analysis indicates they are primed to receive reparative signals from alveolar type I cells. After acute lung injury, they are preferentially localized in regenerating regions of the alveolus. Influenza infection reveals the emergence of a population of highly proliferative ECs that likely arise from multiple miEC populations and contribute to alveolar revascularization after injury. These studies map EC heterogeneity in the adult lung and characterize the response of novel EC subpopulations required for tissue regeneration after acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terren K Niethamer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Collin T Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - John P Leach
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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Ji X, Liu R, Zhang Z, Peng X, Su Y, Xiao Y. Polygonum chinense water decoction lessens acute lung injury in mice induced by influenza virus. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_206_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hebert KD, Mclaughlin N, Galeas-Pena M, Zhang Z, Eddens T, Govero A, Pilewski JM, Kolls JK, Pociask DA. Targeting the IL-22/IL-22BP axis enhances tight junctions and reduces inflammation during influenza infection. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:64-74. [PMID: 31597930 PMCID: PMC6917921 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal burden of influenza coupled with the pandemic outbreaks of more pathogenic strains underscore a critical need to understand the pathophysiology of influenza injury in the lung. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a promising cytokine that is critical in protecting the lung during infection. This cytokine is strongly regulated by the soluble receptor IL-22-binding protein (IL-22BP), which is constitutively expressed in the lungs where it inhibits IL-22 activity. The IL-22/IL-22BP axis is thought to prevent chronic exposure of epithelial cells to IL-22. However, the importance of this axis is not understood during an infection such as influenza. Here we demonstrate through the use of IL-22BP-knockout mice (il-22ra2-/-) that a pro-IL-22 environment reduces pulmonary inflammation during H1N1 (PR8/34 H1N1) infection and protects the lung by promoting tight junction formation. We confirmed these results in normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro demonstrating improved membrane resistance and induction of the tight junction proteins Cldn4, Tjp1, and Tjp2. Importantly, we show that administering recombinant IL-22 in vivo reduces inflammation and fluid leak into the lung. Taken together, our results demonstrate the IL-22/IL-22BP axis is a potential targetable pathway for reducing influenza-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hebert
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N Mclaughlin
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Galeas-Pena
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T Eddens
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - A Govero
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - D A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Huang S, Goplen NP, Zhu B, Cheon IS, Son Y, Wang Z, Li C, Dai Q, Jiang L, Xiang M, Carmona EM, Vassallo R, Limper AH, Sun J. Macrophage PPAR-γ suppresses long-term lung fibrotic sequelae following acute influenza infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223430. [PMID: 31584978 PMCID: PMC6777801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus causes a heterogeneous respiratory infectious disease ranging from self-limiting symptoms to non-resolving pathology in the lungs. Worldwide, seasonal influenza infections claim ~500,000 lives annually. Recent reports describe pathologic pulmonary sequelae that result in remodeling the architecture of lung parenchyma following respiratory infections. These dysfunctional recovery processes that disproportionately impact the elderly have been understudied. Macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling and are critical for survival of severe influenza infection. Here, we found intrinsic deficiency of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ in myeloid cells delayed the resolution of pulmonary inflammation following influenza infection. Mice with myeloid cell-specific PPAR-γ deficiency subsequently presented with increased influenza-induced deposition of pulmonary collagen compared to control mice. This dysfunctional lung remodeling was progressive and sustained for at least 3 months following infection of mice with myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency. These progressive changes were accompanied by a pro-fibrotic gene signature from lung macrophages and preceded by deficiencies in activation of genes involved with damage repair. Importantly similar aberrant gene expression patterns were also found in a secondary analysis of a study where macrophages were isolated from patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Quite unexpectedly, mice with PPAR-γ deficient macrophages were more resistant to bleomycin-induced weight loss whereas extracellular matrix deposition was unaffected compared to controls. Therefore PPAR-γ expression in macrophages may be a pathogen-specific limiter of organ recovery rather than a ubiquitous effector pathway in response to generic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Huang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nick P. Goplen
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bibo Zhu
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - In Su Cheon
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Youngmin Son
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chaofan Li
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Qigang Dai
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Li Jiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Min Xiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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IL-22Ra1 is induced during influenza infection by direct and indirect TLR3 induction of STAT1. Respir Res 2019; 20:184. [PMID: 31416461 PMCID: PMC6694528 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza attacks the epithelium of the lung, causing cell death and disruption of the epithelial barrier leading to fluid buildup in the lung and impairment of gas exchange. Limited treatment options for severe influenza pneumonia prioritize the need for the discovery of effective therapies. IL-22 is a cytokine that promotes tissue integrity and has strong promise as a treatment option. While research has been focused on the cytokine itself, there is limited understanding of the regulation of the IL-22 receptor (IL-22Ra1) at the epithelial surface during infection. METHODS IL-22Ra1 levels were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence following H1N1 influenza infection (A/PR/8/34 H1N1) or synthetic TLR3 mimetic, Poly (I:C). Regulation of the receptor was determined using STAT inhibitors (STAT1, STAT3 and PanSTAT inhibitors), TLR3 inhibition, and neutralization of interferon alpha receptor 2 (IFNAR2). Significance was determined by a p-value of greater than 0.05. Significance between two groups was measured using unpaired t-test and significance between more than two groups was measured using one-way ANOVA with Tukey Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS Here we show both in vivo and in vitro that IL-22Ra1 was induced as early as 24 h after influenza (H1N1 PR8) infection. This induction was triggered by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as a TLR3 mimetic [Poly (I:C)] also induced IL-22Ra1 and inhibition of endosomal formation required for TLR3 function inhibited this process. This upregulation was dependent upon IFNβ signaling through STAT1. Importantly, induction of IL-22Ra1 significantly increased IL-22 signaling as evidenced by pSTAT3 levels following IL-22 treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest epithelial cells may optimize the beneficial effects of IL-22 through the induction of the IL-22 receptor during viral infection in the lung.
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40
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Morgan DJ, Casulli J, Chew C, Connolly E, Lui S, Brand OJ, Rahman R, Jagger C, Hussell T. Innate Immune Cell Suppression and the Link With Secondary Lung Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2943. [PMID: 30619303 PMCID: PMC6302086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary infections arise as a consequence of previous or concurrent conditions and occur in the community or in the hospital setting. The events allowing secondary infections to gain a foothold have been studied for many years and include poor nutrition, anxiety, mental health issues, underlying chronic diseases, resolution of acute inflammation, primary immune deficiencies, and immune suppression by infection or medication. Children, the elderly and the ill are particularly susceptible. This review is concerned with secondary bacterial infections of the lung that occur following viral infection. Using influenza virus infection as an example, with comparisons to rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, we will update and review defective bacterial innate immunity and also highlight areas for potential new investigation. It is currently estimated that one in 16 National Health Service (NHS) hospital patients develop an infection, the most common being pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and infection of surgical sites. The continued drive to understand the mechanisms of why secondary infections arise is therefore of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Chew
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Connolly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rizwana Rahman
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and inflammation is damaging. Intercellular and interorgan signaling networks coordinate these actions to fight infection and protect the tissue. Cells residing in the lung initiate and steer these responses, with additional immunity effectors recruited from the bloodstream. Responses of extrapulmonary tissues, including the liver, bone marrow, and others, are essential to resistance and resilience. Responses in the lung and extrapulmonary organs can also be counterproductive and drive acute and chronic comorbidities after respiratory infection. This review discusses cell-specific and organ-specific roles in the integrated physiological response to acute lung infection, and the mechanisms by which intercellular and interorgan signaling contribute to host defense and healthy respiratory physiology or to acute lung injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and adverse extrapulmonary sequelae. Pneumonia should no longer be perceived as simply an acute infection of the lung. Pneumonia susceptibility reflects ongoing and poorly understood chronic conditions, and pneumonia results in diverse and often persistent deleterious consequences for multiple physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan J Walkey
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Starbæk SMR, Brogaard L, Dawson HD, Smith AD, Heegaard PMH, Larsen LE, Jungersen G, Skovgaard K. Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection Incorporating the Involvement of Innate Host Defenses: Enhanced Translational Value of the Porcine Model. ILAR J 2018; 59:323-337. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza is a viral respiratory disease having a major impact on public health. Influenza A virus (IAV) usually causes mild transitory disease in humans. However, in specific groups of individuals such as severely obese, the elderly, and individuals with underlying inflammatory conditions, IAV can cause severe illness or death. In this review, relevant small and large animal models for human IAV infection, including the pig, ferret, and mouse, are discussed. The focus is on the pig as a large animal model for human IAV infection as well as on the associated innate immune response. Pigs are natural hosts for the same IAV subtypes as humans, they develop clinical disease mirroring human symptoms, they have similar lung anatomy, and their respiratory physiology and immune responses to IAV infection are remarkably similar to what is observed in humans. The pig model shows high face and target validity for human IAV infection, making it suitable for modeling many aspects of influenza, including increased risk of severe disease and impaired vaccine response due to underlying pathologies such as low-grade inflammation. Comparative analysis of proteins involved in viral pattern recognition, interferon responses, and regulation of interferon-stimulated genes reveals a significantly higher degree of similarity between pig, ferret, and human compared with mice. It is concluded that the pig is a promising animal model displaying substantial human translational value with the ability to provide essential insights into IAV infection, pathogenesis, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M R Starbæk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Harry D Dawson
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Allen D Smith
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars E Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Marimani M, Ahmad A, Duse A. The role of epigenetics, bacterial and host factors in progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:200-214. [PMID: 30514504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is still a persistent global health problem, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a mortality rate of about 1.8 million worldwide due to TB complications in 2015. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was introduced in 1921 and is still widely used to prevent TB development. This vaccine offers up to 80% protection against various forms of TB; however its efficacy against lung infection varies among different geographical settings. Devastatingly, the development of various forms of drug-resistant TB strains has significantly impaired the discovery of effective and safe anti-bacterial agents. Consequently, this necessitated discovery of new drug targets and novel anti-TB therapeutics to counter infection caused by various Mtb strains. Importantly, various factors that contribute to TB development have been identified and include bacterial resuscitation factors, host factors, environmental factors and genetics. Furthermore, Mtb-induced epigenetic changes also play a crucial role in evading the host immune response and leads to bacterial persistence and dissemination. Recently, the application of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® to rapidly diagnose and identify drug-resistant strains and discovery of different molecular markers that distinguish between latent and active TB infection has motivated and energised TB research. Therefore, this review article will briefly discuss the current TB state, highlight various mechanisms employed by Mtb to evade the host immune response as well as to discuss some modern molecular techniques that may potentially target and inhibit Mtb replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Marimani
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Adriano Duse
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
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Fedson DS. Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:260-269. [PMID: 30455951 PMCID: PMC6234328 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rates in influenza appear to have been shaped by evolution. During the 1918 pandemic, mortality rates were lower in children compared with adults. This mortality difference occurs in a wide variety of infectious diseases. It has been replicated in mice and might be due to greater tolerance of infection, not greater resistance. Importantly, combination treatment with inexpensive and widely available generic drugs (e.g. statins and angiotensin receptor blockers) might change the damaging host response in adults to a more tolerant response in children. These drugs might work by modifying endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial biogenesis and immunometabolism. Treating the host response might be the only practical way to reduce global mortality during the next influenza pandemic. It might also help reduce mortality due to seasonal influenza and other forms of acute critical illness. To realize these benefits, we need laboratory and clinical studies of host response treatment before and after puberty.
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Brogaard L, Larsen LE, Heegaard PMH, Anthon C, Gorodkin J, Dürrwald R, Skovgaard K. IFN-λ and microRNAs are important modulators of the pulmonary innate immune response against influenza A (H1N2) infection in pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194765. [PMID: 29677213 PMCID: PMC5909910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is paramount in the response to and clearance of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in non-immune individuals. Known factors include type I and III interferons and antiviral pathogen recognition receptors, and the cascades of antiviral and pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression they induce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized to participate in post-transcriptional modulation of these responses, but the temporal dynamics of how these players of the antiviral innate immune response collaborate to combat infection remain poorly characterized. We quantified the expression of miRNAs and protein coding genes in the lungs of pigs 1, 3, and 14 days after challenge with swine IAV (H1N2). Through RT-qPCR we observed a 400-fold relative increase in IFN-λ3 gene expression on day 1 after challenge, and a strong interferon-mediated antiviral response was observed on days 1 and 3 accompanied by up-regulation of genes related to the pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis. Using small RNA sequencing and qPCR validation we found 27 miRNAs that were differentially expressed after challenge, with the highest number of regulated miRNAs observed on day 3. In contrast, the number of protein coding genes found to be regulated due to IAV infection peaked on day 1. Pulmonary miRNAs may thus be aimed at fine-tuning the initial rapid inflammatory response after IAV infection. Specifically, we found five miRNAs (ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-18a, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-590-3p)-four known porcine miRNAs and one novel porcine miRNA candidate-to be potential modulators of viral pathogen recognition and apoptosis. A total of 11 miRNAs remained differentially expressed 14 days after challenge, at which point the infection had cleared. In conclusion, the results suggested a role for miRNAs both during acute infection as well as later, with the potential to influence lung homeostasis and susceptibility to secondary infections in the lungs of pigs after IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Division of Diagnostics and Scientific Advice–Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Anthon
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health (RTH), Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health (RTH), Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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46
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Boyd DF, Thomas PG. Towards integrating extracellular matrix and immunological pathways. Cytokine 2017; 98:79-86. [PMID: 28325629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic structure made up of an estimated 300 different proteins. The ECM is also a rich source of cytokines and growth factors in addition to numerous bioactive ECM degradation products that influence cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The ECM is constantly being remodeled during homeostasis and in a wide range of pathological contexts. Changes in the ECM modulate immune responses, which in turn regulate repair and regeneration of tissues. Here, we review the many components of the ECM, enzymes involved in ECM remodeling, and the signals that feed into immunological pathways in the context of a dynamic ECM. We highlight studies that have taken an integrative approach to studying immune responses in the context of the ECM and studies that use novel proteomic strategies. Finally, we discuss research challenges relevant to the integration of immune and ECM networks and propose experimental and translational approaches to resolve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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47
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De Luna X, Hartshorn KL. Influenza Casts a Lung Shadow. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:697-699. [PMID: 28222276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the article by Pociask et al that provides new insights into the lingering effects of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier De Luna
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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