1
|
Hagani N, Clare PJ, Luo M, Merom D, Smith BJ, Ding D. Effect of retirement on loneliness: a longitudinal comparative analysis across Australia, China and the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024:jech-2023-221606. [PMID: 38834231 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that the transition to retirement can bring social challenges and may increase loneliness. Few studies have examined the impact of retirement on loneliness; most have been conducted in Western countries. It is important to examine the differences in loneliness postretirement across countries to identify patterns and risk factors that might influence the health and well-being of older adults. We aimed to examine the effect of retirement on loneliness among older adults in Australia, China and the USA. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of data from population-based samples of Australian, Chinese and American adults over 50. Lagged and fully lagged adjusted models were applied. Social engagement was examined as an effect modifier and a sensitivity analysis was conducted among urban participants. RESULTS Retirees had a higher predicted prevalence of loneliness than non-retirees in Australia (19.4% (95% CI 18.0% to 20.9%) vs 17.0% (95% CI 15.7% to 18.4%)) and in the USA (19.3% (95% CI 17.5% to 21.1%) vs 15.7% (95% CI 14.3% to 17.3%)). These differences were significant only in the USA. In China, loneliness was significantly lower in those who had retired (10.0% (95% CI 7.9% to 12.5%) vs 17.1% (95% CI 15.7% to 18.5%)). In Australia and the USA, voluntary retirees had the lowest loneliness and involuntary retirees had the highest. Social engagement did not modify the association between retirement and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that the effect of retirement should be considered within a cultural context to inform suitable and effective strategies to alleviate loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Hagani
- School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dafna Merom
- Western Sydney University School of Health Sciences, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Public Health, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo M, Bauman A, Phongsavan P, Ding D. Retirement transition and smoking and drinking behaviors in older Chinese adults: Analysis from the CHARLS study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102408. [PMID: 37744741 PMCID: PMC10511792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking and drinking are important public problems and a substantial part of work culture in mainland China. However, little is known about the effect of retirement on these behaviors. Thus, this study examined the relationships between retirement transition, smoking and excessive drinking among older Chinese adults. Methods Repeated longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults were collected in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire regarding work status and health behaviors. Modified mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to explore the associations, with additional analyses stratified by gender. Results Of the 10,378 participants included, 62.6% and 20.1% of men reported current smoking and excessive drinking at study entry; compared to 4.4% and 1.5% of women, respectively. There was no significant association between retirement and smoking. We found a dose-response relationship between time in retirement and excessive drinking in the adjusted model where those who retired >= 2 years ago had a 30% lower risk of excessive drinking (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.86), and those who retired < 2 years ago had a 16% lower risk of excessive drinking (RR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.73-0.97), compared with those who remained working. This pattern remained when analyzed separately for men and women, although not all results reached statistical significance. Discussion Chinese older adults are more likely to reduce drinking following retirement. Such evidence supports the positive framing of retirement in public discourse and the need for workplace interventions to address excessive drinking in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang NC, Kuo PH, Hsu WC, Hu SC. Retirement planning and types of healthy lifestyle after retirement: a Nationwide Survey in Taiwan. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7151548. [PMID: 37140348 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited research has examined the components of retirement planning and the effects on retirees' health behaviors. This study aims to explore whether retirement planning is associated with different types of healthy lifestyles after retirement. We conducted a nationwide Health and Retirement Survey in Taiwan and analyzed the data from 2015 to 2016. A total of 3128 retirees aged 50-74 years were included in the analysis. Twenty items on retirement planning from five categories were administered, and 20 health-related behaviors were used for measuring healthy lifestyles. Results showed that five types of healthy lifestyles were found from the 20 health behaviors by factor analysis. After controlling for all covariates, various components of retirement planning were associated with different types of lifestyles. Retirees having any item of retirement planning would significantly increase the score of 'healthy living'. Those with 1-2 items were also associated with the total score and the type of 'no unhealthy food'. However, those with ≥ 6 items were the only group positively related to the type of 'regular health checkups' but negatively to the type of 'good medication'. In conclusion, retirement planning offers a 'window of opportunity' for promoting healthy lifestyles after retirement. Pre-retirement planning should be advocated in the workplace to improve health-related behaviors, especially for those upcoming retired workers. In addition, a friendly environment and continuous programs should also be incorporated for better retirement life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuan-Ching Huang
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Han Kuo
- Department of Medical Service, Standard Chem & Pharm Company, LTD., No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Xinying Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Hsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Susan C Hu
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertuccio P, Vigezzi GP, Mosconi G, Gallus S, Odone A. Transition to retirement impact on smoking habit: results from a longitudinal analysis within the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1117-1126. [PMID: 37067672 PMCID: PMC10149464 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an ageing society, retirement impacts on behavioural risk factors and health outcomes should be carefully assessed. Scant evidence exists from longitudinal studies on the short- and long-term consequences of the transition to retirement on smoking habit. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data from 27 European countries plus Israel collected in 2004-2020. To estimate relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for smoking status and intensity at seven time periods before and after retirement, we fitted adjusted generalised estimating equation (GEE) models for repeated measures. RESULTS We selected a cohort of 8998 individuals employed at baseline and retired at follow-up (median follow-up time: 9 years; maximum: 16 years). As compared to the year of retirement, the RR of smoking was 1.59 (95% CI 1.44-1.76) at 10 years or more before retirement, 1.35 (95% CI 1.25-1.46) from 5 to 9 years before retirement, and 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27) from 1 to 4 years before retirement. Smoking steadily decreased after retirement, being 0.94 (95% CI 0.87-1.01) from 1 to 4 years after retirement, 0.76 (95% CI 0.69-0.84) from 5 to 9 years, and 0.58 (95% CI 0.46-0.74) 10 years or more after retirement. In smokers, the estimated number of cigarettes smoked/day decreased from about 27 cigarettes/day at 10 years or more before retirement to 9 cigarettes/day at 10 years or more after retirement (p trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Longitudinal data suggest that lifestyles might favourably change with retirement. Further studies are needed to direct healthy ageing promotion policies better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Ca' della Paglia College, Fondazione Ghislieri, Piazza Collegio Ghislieri 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giansanto Mosconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Socioeconomic Differences in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior During the Retirement Transition: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:623-637. [PMID: 35985645 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retirement transition constitutes both a risk and an opportunity for changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). The present systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the differences between socioeconomic status (SES) groups in changes in PA and SB across the retirement transition. METHODS The authors searched 5 databases. Inclusion criteria were: investigating statutory retirement, measuring PA and/or SB at least once before and once after retirement, and reporting information on SES differences. Results are reported by means of a narrative synthesis, combined with harvest plots based on direction of effect. RESULTS We included 24 papers from 19 studies. Sixteen papers focused on PA, 3 on SB, and 5 investigated both. For total PA, occupational PA, and total sedentary time, nearly all publications reported more favorable changes for high SES groups. For recreational PA, active transport, and screen time, there seemed to be a tendency toward more favorable changes for high SES groups. Changes in household/caregiving PA did not appear to differ between SES groups. CONCLUSIONS Changes in movement behavior during the retirement transition are potentially more favorable for high SES adults. Nonetheless, the differences between SES groups seem to depend on the domain of movement behavior.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan Z, Xiang N, Meng J, Liang H, Yue Z. Understanding the effect of retirement on health behaviors in China: Causality, heterogeneity and time-varying effect. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952072. [PMID: 36045724 PMCID: PMC9421064 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retirement is an important turning point during the course of life, but few studies have examined the effects of retirement on a broad range of health behaviors in China. We use the longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2004 to 2015 to conduct empirical analysis. Fuzzy discontinuity regression was used to assess the association between retirement and health behaviors in the entire sample and subgroups based on gender and education. A time-varying effect model was used to measure the anticipatory effect, immediate effect and lag effect of retirement. We observed that the transition to retirement was associated with healthier lifestyle habits, such as reduced smoking and alcohol consumption and increased exercise motivation. However, the transition was associated with worse sedentary behavior. No significant statistical association was found between retirement and sleep duration. Men and those with higher education levels are more likely to experience the impact of retirement. The anticipatory effect suggests that as the statutory pension age is predictable, workers adjust their behaviors 4 and 5 years before retirement. The lagged effect indicates that it takes time to develop new habits; thus, retirees change their behaviors 2-3 years after retirement. The paper discusses possible reasons for our findings and proposes several policy implications from the perspectives of the government and society to facilitate the realization of healthy aging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Social determinants and lifestyle factors for brain health: implications for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12965. [PMID: 35902604 PMCID: PMC9334303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates a huge potential for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia based on modifiable health and lifestyle factors. To maximize the chances for risk reduction, it is useful to investigate associations of social determinants and lifestyle for brain health. We computed the "LIfestyle for BRAin health" (LIBRA) score for baseline participants of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Adult Study, a population-based urban cohort in Germany. LIBRA predicts dementia in midlife and early late life populations, comprising 12 modifiable risk factors (heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, diet, depression, cognitive inactivity). Associations of social determinants (living situation, marital status, social isolation, education, net equivalence income, occupational status, socioeconomic status/SES, employment) with LIBRA were inspected using age- and sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis. Z-standardization and sampling weights were applied. Participants (n = 6203) were M = 57.4 (SD = 10.6, range 40-79) years old and without dementia, 53.0% were women. Except for marital status, all considered social determinants were significantly associated with LIBRA. Beta coefficients for the association with higher LIBRA scores were most pronounced for low SES (β = 0.80, 95% CI [0.72-0.88]; p < 0.001) and middle SES (β = 0.55, 95% CI [0.47-0.62]; p < 0.001). Social determinants, particularly socioeconomic factors, are associated with lifestyle for brain health, and should thus be addressed in risk reduction strategies for cognitive decline and dementia. A social-ecological public health perspective on risk reduction might be more effective and equitable than focusing on individual lifestyle behaviors alone.
Collapse
|
8
|
Townsend RF, Woodside JV, Prinelli F, O'Neill RF, McEvoy CT. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Neuroimaging Markers: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:806006. [PMID: 35571887 PMCID: PMC9097077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.806006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a complex, growing challenge for population health worldwide. Dietary patterns (DPs) may offer an opportunity to beneficially influence cognitive ageing and potentially reduce an individuals’ risk of dementia through diet-related mechanisms. However, previous studies within this area have shown mixed results, which may be partly explained by the lack of sensitivity and accuracy within cognitive testing methods. Novel neuroimaging techniques provide a sensitive method to analyse brain changes preceding cognitive impairment which may have previously remained undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate the role of DPs in relation to brain ageing processes, by summarising current prospective and intervention studies. Nine prospective studies met the inclusion criteria for the review, seven evaluated the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), one evaluated the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, and one evaluated a posteriori derived DPs. No intervention studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. There was some evidence of an association between healthy DPs and neuroimaging markers including changes within these markers over time. Consequently, it is plausible that better adherence to such DPs may positively influence brain ageing and neurodegeneration. Future studies may benefit from the use of multi-modal neuroimaging techniques, to further investigate how adherence to a DP influences brain health. The review also highlights the crucial need for further intervention studies within this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Townsend
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Roisin F O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haapanen MJ, Strandberg TE, Törmäkangas T, von Bonsdorff ME, Strandberg AY, von Bonsdorff MB. Retirement as a predictor of physical functioning trajectories among older businessmen. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:279. [PMID: 35379176 PMCID: PMC8981673 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between retirement characteristics and consequent physical functioning (PF) are poorly understood, particularly in higher socioeconomic groups, where postponing retirement has had both positive and negative implications for PF. METHODS Multiple assessments of PF, the first of which at the mean age of 73.3 years, were performed on 1709 men who were retired business executives and managers, using the RAND-36/SF-36 instrument, between 2000 and 2010. Questionnaire data on retirement age and type of pension was gathered in 2000. Five distinct PF trajectories were created using latent growth mixture modelling. Mortality- and covariate-adjusted multinomial regression models were used to estimate multinomial Odds Ratios (mOR) on the association between retirement characteristics and PF trajectories. RESULTS A one-year increase in retirement age was associated with decreased likelihood of being classified in the 'consistently low' (fully adjusted mOR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.70, 0.97; P = 0.007), 'intermediate and declining' (mOR = 0.89; 95%CI = 0.83, 0.96; P = 0.002), and 'high and declining' (mOR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.87, 0.98; P = 0.006) trajectories, relative to the 'intact' PF trajectory. Compared to old age pensioners, disability pensioners were more likely to be classified in the 'consistently low' (mOR = 23.77; 95% CI 2.13, 265.04; P = 0.010), 'intermediate and declining' (mOR = 8.24; 95%CI = 2.58, 26.35; P < 0.001), and 'high and declining' (mOR = 2.71; 95%CI = 1.17, 6.28; P = 0.020) PF trajectories, relative to the 'intact' PF trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Among executives and managers, older age at retirement was associated with better trajectories of PF in old age. Compared to old age pensioners, those transitioning into disability and early old age pensions were at risk of having consistently lower PF in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Haapanen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 20, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Timo E Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Arto Y Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oliveira RC, Coelho RH. [Effects of retirement pensions according to contribution time and age on Brazilians' health and wellbeing]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00084120. [PMID: 34644751 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00084120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the Brazilian population with the country's diversity of demographic and territorial characteristics motivated this study on the effects of retirement pensions on health and wellbeing. The study thus analyzes the effects of retirement pensions in Brazil by age and contribution time through measures of overall self-rated health, depressive symptoms on the CES-D scale, and household and head-of-household income. The analyses were also disaggregated by gender and locality. The method used was Propensity Score Matching with data from 9,412 individuals 50 years or older obtained from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), collected in the years 2015 and 2016. In overall self-rated health, there was an increase in the probability of rating health as good or excellent for women in urban areas, both for those retired by contribution time (more than 9%) and by age (more than 7%). There was a reduction in the probability of depressive symptoms for women that retired by contribution time (11%), while for men from rural areas there was a reduction of more than 16%. There were important increases in income in all the subgroups. The study aimed to help offset the lack of evidence on the effects of retirement pensions in Brazil, and the results generally suggest that the effects of retirement pensions on individuals´ health and wellbeing are beneficial but quite heterogeneous between men and women and between rural and urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carvalho Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.,United Nations University World Institute for Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patriota P, Marques-Vidal P. Retirement is associated with a decrease in dietary quality. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:206-212. [PMID: 34620319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Retirement has been associated with changes in dietary intake. We evaluated dietary intake and compliance to dietary guidelines after retirement in a population-based survey. METHODS Data from a prospective study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2009-2012 (first survey) and 2014-2017 (second survey). Total energy intake (TEI), macro and micronutrients, foods, dietary scores and compliance to dietary guidelines were assessed. Three approaches were used comparing changes in dietary intake: 1) before and after retiring (paired analysis); 2) in participants who retired with gender- and age-matched participants who did not retire (two-group comparison), and 3) in participants who retired, who did not retire or who were retired at both surveys (analysis of variance). RESULTS Using the first approach, newly retired participants (n = 215) increased their intake of total (median and [interquartile range]: 15.2 [13.7-17.5] vs. 14.9 [13.3-17.1] % of TEI) and animal (11.1 [9.1-13.0] vs. 10.0 [8.5-12.6] %TEI) protein; total (35.8 [32.1-40.7] vs. 34.6 [30.0-39.1] %TEI), saturated and monounsaturated fat; alcohol; cholesterol; vitamin D and fish, and decreased their intake of vegetable protein; total carbohydrates and monosaccharides, and of the Mediterranean diet score. Those findings were confirmed for total and saturated fat, alcohol, total carbohydrates and monosaccharides; vitamin D and fish intake, and of the Mediterranean diet score in the other two approaches. CONCLUSION Retirement was associated with an unhealthier dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lahdenperä M, Virtanen M, Myllyntausta S, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Psychological Distress During the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:135-148. [PMID: 34396418 PMCID: PMC8755891 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mental health is determined by social, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to life transitions. We examine how psychosocial working conditions, social living environment, and cumulative risk factors are associated with mental health changes during the retirement transition. Method We use data from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study on public sector employees (n = 3,338) retiring between 2014 and 2019 in Finland. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire annually before and after retirement and psychosocial working conditions, social living environment, and accumulation of risk factors at the study wave prior to retirement. Results Psychological distress decreased during the retirement transition, but the magnitude of the change was dependent on the contexts individuals retire from. Psychological distress was higher among those from poorer psychosocial working conditions (high job demands, low decision authority, job strain), poorer social living environment (low neighborhood social cohesion, small social network), and more cumulative risk factors (work/social/both). During the retirement transition, greatest reductions in psychological distress were observed among those with poorer conditions (work: absolute and relative changes, p [Group × Time interactions] < .05; social living environment and cumulative risk factors: absolute changes, p [Group × Time interactions] < .05). Discussion Psychosocial work-related stressors lead to quick recovery during the retirement transition but the social and cumulative stressors have longer-term prevailing effects on psychological distress. More studies are urged incorporating exposures across multiple levels or contexts to clarify the determinants of mental health during the retirement transition and more generally at older ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Saana Myllyntausta
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leckcivilize A, McNamee P. The Effects of Retirement on Health and Health Behaviour among Retirees and their Partners: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-021-09337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Merom D, Stanaway F, Gebel K, Sweeting J, Tiedemann A, Mumu S, Ding D. Supporting active ageing before retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of workplace physical activity interventions targeting older employees. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045818. [PMID: 34193489 PMCID: PMC8246361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the growing representation of older adults in the workforce, the health and fitness of older employees are critical to support active ageing policies. This systematic review aimed to characterise and evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA) and fitness outcomes of workplace PA interventions targeting older employees. DESIGN We searched Medline, PreMedline, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) for articles published from inception to 17 February 2020. Eligible studies were of any experimental design, included employees aged ≥50 years, had PA as an intervention component and reported PA-related outcomes. RESULTS Titles and abstracts of 8168 records were screened, and 18 unique interventions were included (3309 participants). Twelve studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Seven interventions targeted multiple risk factors (n=1640), involving screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors, but had a non-specific description of the PA intervention. Four interventions targeted nutrition and PA (n=1127), and seven (n=235) focused only on PA. Interventions overwhelmingly targeted aerobic PA, compared with only four interventions targeting strength and/or balance (n=106). No studies involved screening for falls/injury risk, and only two interventions targeted employees of low socioeconomic status. Computation of effect sizes (ESs) was only possible in a maximum of three RCTs per outcome. ESs were medium for PA behaviour (ES=0.25 95% CI -0.07 to 0.56), muscle strength (ES=0.27, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.80), cardiorespiratory fitness (ES=0.28, 95% CI -22 to 0.78), flexibility (ES=0.50, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.05) and balance (ES=0.74, 95% CI -0.21 to 1.69). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria-rated quality of evidence was 'low' due to high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency. CONCLUSIONS The lack of high-quality effective workplace PA interventions contrasts the importance and urgency to improve the health and fitness in this population. Future interventions should incorporate strength and balance training and screening of falls/injury risk in multi risk factors approaches. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018084863. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=84863).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna Sweeting
- Cardio Genomics Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shirin Mumu
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peden AE, Scarr JP, Mahony AJ. Analysis of fatal unintentional drowning in Australia 2008-2020: implications for the Australian Water Safety Strategy. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:248-254. [PMID: 34028908 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine temporal trends in drowning in Australia against targets set in the Australian Water Safety Strategy (AWSS) 2008-2020 and to inform the development of the next iteration of the Strategy. METHODS A national analysis of unintentional fatal drowning rates per 100,000 population over 16 years (2004/05-2019/20) was conducted. Baseline rates (three-year average 2004/05-2006/07) were compared to the current three-year average (2017/18-2019/20) by sex, age group, drowning location and jurisdiction. RESULTS The overall rate of unintentional fatal drowning during the period decreased by 28%. Substantial reductions were observed in children 0-4 years (-63%) and 5-14 years (-56%). Progress has been less pronounced among people aged 75 years and over (-11%) and 15-24-year-olds (-14%). All locations and jurisdictions recorded reductions, aside from rocks (+46%). CONCLUSIONS Although the strategy fell short of its aspirational target of a 50% reduction in drowning by the year 2020, this target was exceeded in key age groups, including children. Implications for public health: The AWSS is a powerful tool to align drowning prevention sector actions to agreed objectives. Forthcoming strategies must take into consideration demographic and social change, areas where limited progress has been made and the latest evidence to guide future priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, New South Wales.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Handley TE, Lewin TJ, Butterworth P, Kelly BJ. Employment and retirement impacts on health and wellbeing among a sample of rural Australians. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:888. [PMID: 33971829 PMCID: PMC8108016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially pronounced in rural areas. Previous findings on the effects of retirement on wellbeing have been mixed. The present study explores the effects of employment and retirement on health and wellbeing among a sample of rural Australians. Methods Australian Rural Mental Health Study participants who were aged 45 or over (N = 2013) were included in a series of analyses to compare the health and wellbeing of individuals with differing employment and retirement circumstances. Self-reported outcome variables included perceived physical health and everyday functioning, financial wellbeing, mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life. Results Across the outcomes, participants who were employed or retired generally reported better health and wellbeing than those not in the workforce. Retired participants rated more highly than employed participants on mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life. There was also a short-term benefit for perceived financial status for retired participants compared to employed participants, but this effect diminished over time. Conclusions While retirement is a significant life transition that may affect multiple facets of an individual’s life, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary depending on the retirement context, namely the pre-retirement and concurrent circumstances within which an individual is retiring. Personal perceptions of status changes may also contribute to an individual’s wellbeing more so than objective factors such as income. Policies that promote rural work/retirement opportunities and diversity and address rural disadvantage are needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10876-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonelle E Handley
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Terry J Lewin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health & Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brian J Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Does Work after Retirement Matter? Sleep Features among Workers in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084117. [PMID: 33924687 PMCID: PMC8069779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of people keep working after retirement, a phenomenon known as bridge employment. Sleep features, which are related to morbidity and mortality outcomes, are expected to be influenced by bridge employment or permanent retirement. The objective of this study was to analyze sleep duration and quality of bridge employees and permanent retirees compared to nonretired, i.e., active workers, from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Participants (second wave of ELSA-Brasil, 2012–2014) comprised permanently retired (n = 2348), career bridge workers (n = 694), bridge workers in a different place (n = 760), and active workers (n = 6271). The associations of all studied retirement schemes and self-reported sleep quality and duration were estimated through logistic and linear regression analysis. Workers from all studied retirement schemes showed better sleep patterns than active workers. In comparison to active workers, bridge workers who had changed workplace also showed a reduced chance of difficulty falling asleep and too-early awakenings, which were not found among career bridge workers. Bridge employment and permanent retirement were associated with a reduced chance of reporting sleep deficit. Bridge work at a different place rather than staying at the same workplace seems to be favorable for sleep. Further study is needed to explain mechanisms.
Collapse
|
18
|
Burton WN, Schultz A, Edington DW. Health and Wealth: The Importance for Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:407-412. [PMID: 34366738 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people spend years dreaming about their retirement. Unfortunately, today's workers will likely work longer, suffer greater economic uncertainty, and might have poorer health status compared with retirees in previous generations. Preserving good health during the working years is associated with a more consistent employment record, greater financial resources, and reduced risk of disease. Making smart financial decisions as a younger adult also translates to improved finances in retirement. While many people are aware of these relationships, many continue to make poor health choices. Employers and lifestyle medicine professionals can both work to improve financial well-being in retirement. Employers can offer effective worksite financial wellness programs and promote participation in retirement savings programs. Physicians and other health providers can foster healthy behaviors, encourage preventive services compliance, and help adults foster overall financial and health well-being. Adopting a healthy lifestyle as early as possible would increase the likelihood that today's workers will enjoy financial security in retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne N Burton
- University of Illinois School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa Schultz
- Global Health Management Research Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xue B, Head J, McMunn A. The Impact of Retirement on Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:e367-e377. [PMID: 31091304 PMCID: PMC7362617 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives People are now spending longer in retirement than ever before and retirement has been found to influence health. This study systematically reviewed the impact of retirement on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (metabolic risk factors, blood biomarkers, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and diet). Research Design and Methods Longitudinal studies published in Medline, Embase, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and Social Policy and Practice were searched. No language restrictions were applied if there was an English abstract. Eighty-two longitudinal studies were included after critical appraisals. Results Studies in the United States often found no significant effect of retirement on CVD, while studies in European countries, except France, showed a detrimental effect of retirement on CVD. Results from the United States and several European countries consistently show that retirement increase adiposity measures among those retired from physically demanding jobs. For diabetes and hypertension, five out of nine studies suggest no effect of retirement. Retirement has been repeatedly linked to increasing leisure-time physical activity but may reduce work- and transport-related physical activity in turn. Most studies showed that retirement either decreased smoking or had no effect on smoking. The evidence did not show a clear conclusion on drinking. Only a few studies have assessed the impact on diet and blood biomarkers. Discussion and Implications Effect of retirement varies according to the health outcomes studied and country of the study population. Policy concerning extending the retirement age needs to focus on ensuring they are suited to the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Physical activity and retirement: original analysis of responses to the English Adult Active Lives Survey. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:871-880. [PMID: 32725395 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opportunities for older adults to do physical activity may depend on other commitments. We wanted to see if reported physical activity was higher or lower among older adults depending on work status: full-time, part-time work or retired. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of The Active Lives Survey 2016/17 in England. The dataset was used to see how active people were depending on employment or retirement status. Types of physical activity (PA) considered were: leisure, gardening, active travel and combined total, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, disability, rurality and deprivation in models using hurdle regression. Analysis was divided into mostly working age (under 65) or mostly retired (age 65 +) to have sensitivity to the likely transition point. RESULTS Total PA was significantly greater for retired persons compared to both full- and part-time workers age 55-64, while being retired or working part-time at age 65-74 meant more PA. People did more leisure or gardening with less work, but active travel decreased with fewer work hours, at all ages. Retirement meant more leisure and gardening PA but less active travel. CONCLUSIONS Demand for opportunities to engage in leisure and gardening PA appears to be high among retired people. Greater promotion of active travel in this cohort may be possible.
Collapse
|
21
|
Changes in fruit, vegetable and fish consumption after statutory retirement: a prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1390-1395. [PMID: 31955724 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Retirement is a major life transition affecting health and health behaviour, but evidence on how this transition contributes to changes in healthy food habits is scarce. We examined whether the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fish changes after transition into statutory retirement. The data were derived from the prospective Helsinki Health Study. At phase 1 in 2000-2002, all participants were 40- to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n 8960, response rate 67 %). Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (response rates 79-83 %). Using the four phases, we formed three nested cohorts in which the participants either continued working or moved to statutory retirement. The final analytical sample consisted of 6887 participants (14 357 observations). Frequency of fruit, vegetable and fish consumption was calculated from a twenty-two-item FFQ. Analyses of repeated measures of food consumption before and after retirement transition were conducted with a negative binomial mixed model, adjusting for age, marital status, limiting long-standing illness and household income. During the follow-up, altogether 3526 participants retired. Transition to retirement was associated with a decrease in vegetable consumption among women and, contrarily, with an increase in fruit consumption among men (P < 0·05 for interaction between time and employment status). Fish consumption did not differ by the change in employment status. Statutory retirement can have mixed effects on healthy food habits, and these can differ between food groups and sex. Healthy food habits should be promoted among employees transitioning to retirement.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gropper H, John JM, Sudeck G, Thiel A. The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234794. [PMID: 32569282 PMCID: PMC7307727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is a fluctuating behavior and prone to change across the life course. Changes in PA may be particularly due to the experience of life events and transitions. For well-timed and successful PA interventions, it is important to understand when and why individuals take up or terminate PA. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to examine the extent, range, and nature of research on the impact of life events and transitions on PA and to summarize key findings. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2020 and assessed the impact of at least one life event or transition on PA. RESULTS 107 studies that assessed 72 distinct life events and transitions were included and summarized in ten categories. Events and transitions that are primarily associated with decreases in PA were starting cohabitation, getting married, pregnancy, evolving parenthood, and the transitions from kindergarten to primary school, from primary to secondary school, and from high school to college or into the labor market. Retirement was associated with increases in PA; yet, long-term trajectories across retirement indicated a subsequent drop in activity levels. Divorce was associated with no changes in PA. No trends could be identified for changing work conditions, quitting or losing a job, starting a new relationship, widowhood, moving, and diagnosis of illness. CONCLUSION Life events and transitions can be conceptualized as natural interventions that occur across the life course and that are oftentimes associated with changes in PA behavior. Our study indicates that, despite some emerging trends, similar events do not necessarily have similar impacts on PA across individuals. It also shows that the research landscape is characterized by a lack of conceptual clarity and by disparate methodologies, making it difficult to synthesize results across studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gropper
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jannika M. John
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Storeng SH, Sund ER, Krokstad S. Prevalence, clustering and combined effects of lifestyle behaviours and their association with health after retirement age in a prospective cohort study, the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:900. [PMID: 32522193 PMCID: PMC7288686 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle behaviours are potential risk factors for disease and mortality, but less is known about the association with health in retirement age. The aim of this paper was to study the prevalence, clustering and combined effects of lifestyle behaviours and their association with health outcomes in the first decade after retirement in a Norwegian cohort. Methods Participants were 55–64-year-olds at baseline in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey 2 (HUNT2, 1995–97) who also participated in HUNT3 (2006–08). Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of daily smoking, physical inactivity, risky alcohol consumption, disturbed sleep duration, excessive sitting time and low social participation before retirement with self-rated health (n = 4022), life satisfaction (n = 5134), anxiety (n = 4461) and depression (n = 5083) after retirement, 11 years later. Results Low social participation and physical inactivity were the most prevalent lifestyle behaviours (41.1 and 40.6%). Risky alcohol consumption and disturbed sleep were the lifestyle behaviours most strongly associated with poor self-rated health, poor life satisfaction and anxiety after retirement (OR’s = 1.39–1.92). Physical inactivity was additionally associated with depression (OR = 1.44 (1.12–1.85)). Physical inactivity had the largest population attributable fractions for reducing poor self-rated health and depression (14.9 and 8.8%). An increasing number of lifestyle risk behaviours incrementally increased the risk for the adverse health outcomes. Conclusions Risky alcohol consumption and disturbed sleep duration were most strongly associated with poor health outcomes after retirement age. On a population level, increased physical activity before retirement had the largest potential for reducing adverse health outcomes after retirement age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siri H Storeng
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Post box 8905, Håkon Jarls gate 11, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rai R, Jongenelis MI, Jackson B, Newton RU, Pettigrew S. Retirement and Physical Activity: The Opportunity of a Lifetime or the Beginning of the End? J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:365-375. [PMID: 31743090 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retirement has been identified as a life transition that is important in determining older adults' physical activity levels. The present study examined the factors associated with retirement that affect physical activity participation among older adults. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 425 retired Australians aged 60 years and older. Physical activity was assessed objectively, using accelerometers. Two categories of factors affecting physical activity participation following retirement were identified: the various physical and psychological changes in later life that can encourage or discourage physical activity and the adaptation processes undertaken by older people in response to these changes. The adoption of either a gain or loss approach to retirement and aging appeared to be the most influential adaptation factor affecting physical activity participation. The results suggest that intervention approaches should aim to foster more positive attitudes to aging and retirement and promote physical activity at all stages in life.
Collapse
|
25
|
Baer NR, Deutschbein J, Schenk L. Potential for, and readiness to, dietary-style changes during the retirement status passage: a systematic mixed-studies review. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:969-988. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Unfavorable diets contribute to the global burden of disease and particularly affect individuals’ health in old age. To promote healthy aging, it is vital to understand the biographical circumstances under which diets manifest and change.
Objective
This systematic mixed-studies review explored changes in dietary styles of people facing retirement.
Data Sources
Seven electronic databases were searched systematically, along with reference lists.
Data Extraction
Five qualitative and five quantitative studies were identified out of n = 974 records screened. Relevant study characteristics were extracted with a piloted form.
Data Synthesis
A qualitative convergent synthesis design was conducted.
Results
Study results were inconsistent. The majority of studies identified various dietary-style changes after retirement – some in favorable ways (eg, increased vegetable consumption [n = 4]) and some in rather unfavorable ways (eg, increased snacking [n = 2]). Influencing factors were changes in mealtime structures, available time, and financial situations accompanying retirement.
Conclusion
More high-quality, longitudinal research is needed to build a sound basis for interventions by utilizing the retirement transition as a window of opportunity for dietary changes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018074049.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja R Baer
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Deutschbein
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matta J, Carette C, Zins M, Goldberg M, Lemogne C, Czernichow S. Obesity moderates the benefit of retirement on health: A 21-year prospective study in the GAZEL cohort. J Psychosom Res 2020; 131:109938. [PMID: 32035345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-rated health and depressive symptoms have been shown to improve upon retirement. Participants with obesity might benefit more of retirement because of the extra work-related burden they are carrying. The present study aimed to investigate whether the association between retirement and health changes may depend upon obesity in the large French GAZEL occupational cohort during 21 years of follow-up. METHODS 17,655 men and women were included in the analyses. Self-rated health was measured on a scale from 1 to 8 with 8 being very bad. Depressive symptoms were measured at four time points by the CES-D score. Mixed models examined the association of self-rated health or depressive symptoms with time (i.e. from -10 years before to +10 years after retirement), retirement, body mass index (BMI), and their interactions. RESULTS Regardless of retirement, BMI was associated with poorer health. Positive BMI by time interactions showed a less favorable time course of both health indicators in the presence versus the absence of obesity (0.024 versus 0.014 and - 0.19 versus -0.07 points per year for self-rated health and depressive symptoms, respectively). However, negative BMI by retirement interactions showed that the improvement of health observed upon retirement was stronger in with the presence versus the absence of obesity (-0.4 versus -0.3 and - 2.42 versus -1.70 points for self-rated health and depressive symptoms, respectively). CONCLUSION Improvement upon retirement was observed in the presence of obesity and was even higher than in the presence of normal weight and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joane Matta
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.
| | - Claire Carette
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, UMS 011, Villejuif, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, UMS 011, Villejuif, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR_S1266, Paris, France; AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Czernichow
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Nutrition, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harden CM, Peppard PE, Palta M, Barnet JH, Hale L, Nieto FJ, Hagen EW. One-year changes in self-reported napping behaviors across the retirement transition. Sleep Health 2019; 5:639-646. [PMID: 31727591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate associations of retirement with self-reported frequency and duration of naps. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS 1359 current and former Wisconsin state employees, aged 54-69. MEASUREMENTS Four annual surveys mailed between 2010 and 2014 elicited employment status and nap characteristics. Changes in employment status and nap characteristics were identified from survey pairs measured 1 year apart (up to 3 survey pairs per subject). General linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to estimate changes in minutes napped per week (MNPW), weekly nap frequency, and individual nap duration as predicted by retirement transitions vs stable employment status. All models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, self-rated health, medical diagnoses, sleep problems, circadian preference, and change in nocturnal sleep duration. RESULTS There were 3101 survey pairs in the analytic sample. Full retirement (transition from working ≥35 h/wk to not working for pay) over a 1-year period predicted a statistically significantly larger mean change in MNPW than stable employment status: mean (95% confidence interval) = +48 (+16, +80) MNPW. Associations between staged retirement transitions (from full-time to part-time work, or from part-time work to full retirement) and 1-year changes in MNPW were not statistically significant. The MNPW changes associated with full retirement were attributable to nap frequency increase of +0.4 (+0.1, +0.8) d/wk; nap duration did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Compared with stable employment status, full retirement is associated with an average 1-year increase of +48 MNPW. This change is attributable to a frequency gain of 0.4 d/wk napped. Changes in nap duration were negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Harden
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53726; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul E Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mari Palta
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - F Javier Nieto
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Erika W Hagen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Q. Changes in blood pressure during the transition of retirement: the role of physical activity in China. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 34:536-543. [PMID: 31664173 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As baby boomers begin to retire, China faces an unprecedented transition in its labor market. A healthy transition into retirement, whereby a health status is retained, can curb medical care expenditures. However, little is known about health effects of retirement in China. Thus, this study investigated whether and to what extent retirement affected retirees' blood pressure, and the role that leisure physical activity played in this relationship. We used a nationally representative panel data collected during the 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 waves of the Chinese Health Nutrition Survey. Respondents who were older than 35 years and younger than 70 were included; our final sample size was 26,190. A four-step mediation model was constructed to examine the relationships between retirement, leisure physical activity, and blood pressure. Retirement predicted an decrease in systolic (coefficient of length time of retirement: -0.117; standard error:0.041; p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure level (coefficient of length time of retirement: -0.204; standard error: 0.062; p < 0.01), and a lower prevalence of hypertension (odd ratio of length time of retirement: 0.979; 95% CI: 0.968-0.990; p < 0.01) without leisure physical activity adjusted. However, these effects were reduced when the effects of physical activity were controlled for. A mediation effect of physical activity on the association between retirement and likelihood of hypertension/blood pressure was observed. These findings have implications for public policy that aims to promote health by taking advantage of postretirement adaptation; specifically, the findings suggest that the promotion of physical activity may facilitate a healthier transition into retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, 250002, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sakurai M, Ishizaki M, Miura K, Nakashima M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Nakagawa H. Health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of early death after compulsory retirement: A cohort study. J Occup Health 2019; 62:e12088. [PMID: 31560151 PMCID: PMC6970400 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The increasing number of working elderly people has enhanced the importance of workplace health promotion activities. We investigated the association between the health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of all‐cause mortality after compulsory retirement in Japan. Methods The 2026 participants (1299 males and 727 females) had retired from a metal‐products factory at ≥60 years of age. Baseline health examinations were conducted at 60 years of age and included questions about medical history and lifestyle factors; the participants also underwent a physical examination. The participants were followed up annually by mail for an average of 7.4 years. The association between health status at age 60 years and the risk of all‐cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results During the study, 71 deaths were reported. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR [95% confidence interval]) for all‐cause mortality was higher for males (HR, 3.41 [1.73‐6.69]) compared with females, participants with a low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2; HR 3.84 [1.91‐7.73]) compared with normal body weight, smokers (HR, 2.63 [1.51‐4.58]) compared with nonsmokers, and those with three or more of four metabolic abnormalities (obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance) (HR 2.29 [1.04‐5.02]) compared with no metabolic abnormalities. The associations were unaffected by adjustment for these factors. Conclusion Maintenance of an appropriate body weight, smoking cessation, and elimination of metabolic syndrome are required for older workers to prevent early death after retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Motoko Nakashima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komastsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alley SJ, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Short CE, Maher JP, Schoeppe S, Rebar AL. Should I sit or stand: likelihood of adherence to messages about reducing sitting time. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:871. [PMID: 31269931 PMCID: PMC6610814 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High population levels of sitting is contributing to high rates of chronic health problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the sitting time messages with the greatest potential to reduce sitting behaviour, as well as identify how this may differ according to demographic, behavioural and psychosocial characteristics. Methods Australian adults (N = 1460) were asked to report the likelihood that they would adhere to seven messages promoting reduced sitting time and two messages promoting increased physical activity (from ‘not at all likely’ to ‘very likely’). Ordinal regression models were used to compare messages on the likelihood of adherence and whether likelihood of adherence differed as a function of demographic, psychosocial and behavioural characteristics. Results Likelihood of adherence was highest for the messages, ‘Stand and take a break from sitting as frequently as you can’ (83% respectively) and ‘Avoid sitting for more than 10 hours during the entire day’ (82%) and was significantly lower for the message, ‘Sit as little as possible on all days of the week’ (46%) compared to all other messages. Conclusions To increase likelihood of adherence messages should be specific, achievable and promote healthy alternatives to sitting (e.g. standing). Messages promoting standing as a healthy alternative to sitting may be more likely to engage people with high sitting behaviour and messages promoting physical activity may be more likely to engage males and retired adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7189-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Alley
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Building 7, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Building 7, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille E Short
- School of Psychological Sciences and Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Schoeppe
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Building 7, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Building 7, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Myllyntausta S, Salo P, Kronholm E, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Changes in Sleep Difficulties During the Transition to Statutory Retirement. Sleep 2019; 41:4636707. [PMID: 29155955 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives This study examined changes in sleep during the transition from full-time work to statutory retirement. Both the prevalence of any sleep difficulty and the prevalence of specific sleep difficulties, such as difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, waking up too early in the morning, and nonrestorative sleep, were examined. Methods Data from the Finnish Public Sector study were used. The study population consisted of 5,807 Finnish public sector employees who retired on statutory basis between 2000 and 2011. The participants responded on the Jenkins Sleep Problem Scale Questionnaire before and after retirement in surveys conducted every 4 years. Results At the last study wave before retirement, 30% of the participants had sleep difficulties. Prevalence of any sleep difficulty decreased during the retirement transition: the risk ratio (RR) for having sleep difficulties in the first study wave following retirement compared with the last study wave preceding retirement was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.94). During the retirement transition, both waking up too early in the morning (RR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.82) and nonrestorative sleep (RR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42-0.53) decreased, whereas there was no change in difficulties falling asleep or difficulties maintaining sleep. The decreases in sleep difficulties occurred primarily among those with psychological distress, suboptimal self-rated health, short sleep duration, and job strain before retirement. Conclusions These longitudinal data suggest that transition to statutory retirement is associated with a decrease in sleep difficulties, especially waking up too early in the morning and nonrestorative sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saana Myllyntausta
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Smith CA, Chang E, Gallego G, Khan A, Armour M, Balneaves LG. An education intervention to improve decision making and health literacy among older Australians: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31064336 PMCID: PMC6505289 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National policies seek to involve older Australian’s in decisions regarding their care; however, research has found varying levels of decision self-efficacy and health literacy skills. An increasing number of older Australians use complementary medicine (CM). We examined the effectiveness of a CM educational intervention delivered using a web or DVD plus booklet format to increase older adults’ decision self-efficacy and health literacy. Methods A randomised controlled trial was conducted. We recruited individuals aged over 65 years living in retirement villages or participating in community groups, in Sydney Australia. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a CM education intervention delivered using a website or DVD plus booklet versus booklet only. The primary outcome was decision self-efficacy. A secondary outcome included the Preparation for Decision-Making scale and health literacy. Outcomes were collected at 3 weeks, and 2 months from baseline, and analysed using an adjusted ANOVA, or repeated measures ANOVA. Result We randomised 153 participants. Follow up at 3 weeks and 2 months was completed by 131 participants. There was a 14% (n = 22) attrition rate. At the end of the intervention, we found no significant differences between groups for decision self-efficacy (mean difference (MD) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.0 to 9.6 p = 0.20), there were no differences between groups on nine health literacy domains, and the Preparation for Decision-Making scale. Over 80% of participants in both groups rated the content as excellent or good. Conclusion Decision self-efficacy improved for participants, but did not differ between groups. Decision self-efficacy and health literacy outcomes were not influenced by the delivery of education using a website, DVD or booklet. Participants found the resources useful, and rated the content as good or excellent. CM Web or DVD and booklet resources have the potential for wider application. Trial registration The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN (ACTRN12616000135415). The trial was registered on 5 February 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Smith
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia.
| | - Esther Chang
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gisselle Gallego
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Afshan Khan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2571, Australia
| | - Lynda G Balneaves
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pulakka A, Halonen JI, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Stenholm S. Changes in Smoking During Retirement Transition: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:876-884. [PMID: 30301413 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818804408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: We examined the effect of retirement transition on changes in smoking, identified trajectories of smoking around the retirement transition, and investigated factors predicting the membership in the trajectories. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 1,432 current or former smokers who entered into statutory retirement in 2000-2011 and who filled out two to four questionnaires sent at four-year intervals. Effect of retirement on smoking was analysed as a non-randomized pseudo-trial in which we compared the likelihood of quitting and relapsing smoking between two subsequent survey waves among those who retired and did not retire. We used latent class analysis to identify trajectories of smoking status and smoking intensity (low: <10 cigarettes/day or high: ⩾10 cigarettes/day), and multinomial logistic regression models to assess pre-retirement factors associated with smoking trajectories. Results: Retirement transition was associated with 1.7-fold odds of quitting smoking (95% confidence intervals 1.3-2.2) compared with no retirement transition. We identified three smoking status trajectories: 'sustained non-smoking' (61% of the participants), 'sustained smoking' (23%) and 'decreasing smoking' (16%). For 489 baseline smokers, we identified three smoking intensity trajectories: 'sustained high intensity smoking' (32% of the participants), 'sustained low intensity smoking' (32%) and 'decreasing high intensity smoking' (35%). Living outside an inner urban area predicted membership in the 'decreasing smoking' versus 'sustained smoking' trajectory. Conclusions: Smokers are more likely to quit smoking during transition to retirement than before or after it. Characteristics of the smoking environment may affect smoking behaviour around retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pulakka
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki/Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Association between successful smoking cessation and changes in marital and job status and health behaviours: evidence from a 10-wave nationwide survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1051. [PMID: 30134895 PMCID: PMC6106763 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge the association of smoking cessation with changes in lifestyle and health behaviours. This study examined this issue using large-scale, long-term longitudinal data. Methods The data were obtained from a 10-wave (nine-year) longitudinal nationwide survey of middle-aged individuals conducted from 2005 to 2014 in Japan. Participants included 4452 men and 1194 women aged 50–59 years who were smoking at wave 1. Smoking cessation was defined as no smoking during waves 8–10; and changes in marital and job status, leisure-time physical activity, alcohol intake, and health check-ups from waves 1 to 8 were considered. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to explain smoking cessation as a function of changes in marital and job status and health behaviours, and were adjusted for potential attrition bias. Results Male smoking cessation was negatively associated with separation from a spouse (odds ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.92) and stopping of health check-ups (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49–0.81), while it was positively associated with moving from work to retirement (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.23–2.26), beginning a leisure-time physical activity (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.83–3.08), and quitting alcohol intake (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.36–2.39). Female smoking cessation was negatively associated with the stoppage of health check-ups (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.18–0.53) and positively associated with quitting alcohol intake (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.08–3.20). Conclusions The results underscore the association of smoking cessation with changes in marital and job status and health behaviours and imply the need for policy measures to improve health behaviours to promote smoking cessation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Retirement: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:786-794. [PMID: 29650285 PMCID: PMC5962425 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and sedentary behavior are major risk factors for chronic disease. These behaviors may change at retirement, with implications for health in later life. The study objective was to describe longitudinal patterns of moderate to vigorous and domain-specific physical activity and TV watching by retirement status. METHODS Participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n=6,814) were recruited from six U.S. communities and were aged 45-84 years at baseline. Retirement status and frequency and duration of domain-specific physical activity (recreational walking, transport walking, non-walking leisure activity, caregiving, household, occupational/volunteer) and TV watching were self-reported at four study exams (2000 to 2012). Fixed effect linear regression models were used to describe longitudinal patterns in physical activity and TV watching by retirement status overall and stratified by socioeconomic position. Analyses were conducted in 2017. RESULTS Of 4,091 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants not retired at baseline, 1,012 (25%) retired during a median of 9 years follow-up. Retirement was associated with a 10% decrease (95% CI= -15%, -5%) in moderate to vigorous physical activity and increases of 13% to 29% in recreational walking, household activity, and TV watching. Among people of low socioeconomic position, the magnitude of association was larger for moderate to vigorous physical activity. Among people of high socioeconomic position, the magnitude of association was larger for non-walking leisure and household activity. CONCLUSIONS The retirement transition was associated with changes in physical activity and TV watching. To inform intervention development, future research is needed on the determinants of behavior change after retirement, particularly among individuals of low socioeconomic position.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gardiner PA, Reid N, Gebel K, Ding D. Sitting Time and Physical Function in Australian Retirees: An Analysis of Bidirectional Relationships. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1675-1681. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natasha Reid
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alley SJ, Kolt GS, Duncan MJ, Caperchione CM, Savage TN, Maeder AJ, Rosenkranz RR, Tague R, Van Itallie AK, Kerry Mummery W, Vandelanotte C. The effectiveness of a web 2.0 physical activity intervention in older adults - a randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:4. [PMID: 29329587 PMCID: PMC5766986 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactive web-based physical activity interventions using Web 2.0 features (e.g., social networking) have the potential to improve engagement and effectiveness compared to static Web 1.0 interventions. However, older adults may engage with Web 2.0 interventions differently than younger adults. The aims of this study were to determine whether an interaction between intervention (Web 2.0 and Web 1.0) and age group (<55y and ≥55y) exists for website usage and to determine whether an interaction between intervention (Web 2.0, Web 1.0 and logbook) and age group (<55y and ≥55y) exists for intervention effectiveness (changes in physical activity). METHODS As part of the WALK 2.0 trial, 504 Australian adults were randomly assigned to receive either a paper logbook (n = 171), a Web 1.0 (n = 165) or a Web 2.0 (n = 168) physical activity intervention. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was measured using ActiGraph monitors at baseline 3, 12 and 18 months. Website usage statistics including time on site, number of log-ins and number of step entries were also recorded. Generalised linear and intention-to-treat linear mixed models were used to test interactions between intervention and age groups (<55y and ≥55y) for website usage and moderate to vigorous physical activity changes. RESULTS Time on site was higher for the Web 2.0 compared to the Web 1.0 intervention from baseline to 3 months, and this difference was significantly greater in the older group (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.01-2.14, p = .047). Participants in the Web 2.0 group increased their activity more than the logbook group at 3 months, and this difference was significantly greater in the older group (moderate to vigorous physical activity adjusted mean difference = 13.74, 95%CI = 1.08-26.40 min per day, p = .03). No intervention by age interactions were observed for Web 1.0 and logbook groups. CONCLUSIONS Results partially support the use of Web 2.0 features to improve adults over 55 s' engagement in and behaviour changes from web-based physical activity interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN ACTRN12611000157976 , Registered 7 March 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Alley
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Gregory S. Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Cristina M. Caperchione
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Trevor N. Savage
- Griffith University, School of Allied Health Sciences, Gold Coast, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Anthony J. Maeder
- School of Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Richard R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Rhys Tague
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Anetta K. Van Itallie
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - W. Kerry Mummery
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alley SJ, Schoeppe S, Rebar AL, Hayman M, Vandelanotte C. Age differences in physical activity intentions and implementation intention preferences. J Behav Med 2017; 41:406-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Smith CA, Chang E, Gallego G, Balneaves LG. An education intervention to improve health literacy and decision making about supporting self-care among older Australians: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:441. [PMID: 28950888 PMCID: PMC5615792 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older Australians are high consumers of complementary and alternative medicines (CM). To help older people to take an active role in their health, we will develop and evaluate a novel educational intervention to support decision self-efficacy, and improve health literacy skills. METHODS The primary hypothesis is that participants receiving a web/DVD plus booklet intervention compared with a booklet-only group will demonstrate an increase in decision self-efficacy. This study is a randomised controlled trial. One hundred and sixty-eight people aged 65 years and older will be recruited from community settings comprising retirement villages and community groups, based in Sydney, Australia. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the education intervention delivered by the Internet or a DVD plus booklet versus a control group (booklet only). The primary outcome measure is CM decision self-efficacy. Secondary outcomes are health literacy, knowledge and attitudes, and change in health-seeking behaviour. Participants' views on the ease of using the resources, the length of the modules, the amount of information, and participant understanding of the modules will be assessed. Outcomes will be collected on completion of the intervention at 3 weeks, and at a 2-month follow up from trial entry. DISCUSSION This trial has the potential to improve CM health literacy in older Australians. There are no educational resources designed to support decision self-efficacy and improve health literacy amongst older people related to CM. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12616000135415 . Registered on 5 February 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Smith
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571 Australia
| | - Esther Chang
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571 Australia
| | - Gisselle Gallego
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lynda G. Balneaves
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
El Masri A, Kolt GS, Astell-Burt T, George ES. Lifestyle behaviours of Lebanese-Australians: Cross-sectional findings from The 45 and Up Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181217. [PMID: 28704508 PMCID: PMC5509310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding the health and lifestyle behaviours of Australians of Lebanese ethnicity. The available evidence suggests that Australians of Lebanese ethnicity who were born in Lebanon reportedly have higher rates of cardiovascular disease-related and type 2 diabetes-related complications when compared with the wider Australian population. The aim of this study is to compare lifestyle behaviours of middle-aged to older adults of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon, Australia, and elsewhere to those of Australian ethnicity. Participants were 37,419 Australians aged ≥45 years, from the baseline dataset of The 45 and Up Study which included 4 groups of interest: those of Australian ethnicity (n = 36,707) [Reference]; those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon (n = 346); 302 those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Australia (n = 302); and those of Lebanese ethnicity born elsewhere (n = 64). Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the odds of those of Lebanese ethnicity reporting suboptimal lifestyle behaviours (insufficient physical activity, prolonged sitting, smoking, sleep duration, and various diet-related behaviours) relative to those of Australian ethnicity. Multilevel linear regression was used to examine the clustering of suboptimal lifestyle behaviours through a ‘lifestyle index’ score ranging from 0–9 (sum of all lifestyle behaviours for each subject). The lifestyle index score was lower among Lebanese-born (-0.36, 95% CI -0.51, -0.22, p<0.001) and Australian-born (-0.17, 95% CI -0.32, -0.02, p = 0.031) people of Lebanese ethnicity in comparison to those of Australian ethnicity. Those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon had higher odds of reporting suboptimal lifestyle behaviours for physical activity, smoking, and sleep duration, and lower odds of reporting optimal lifestyle behaviours for sitting time, fruit, processed meat, and alcohol consumption, when compared with those of Australian ethnicity. Differences in the individual lifestyle behaviours for those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Australia and elsewhere compared with those of Australian ethnicity were fewer. Lifestyle behaviours of those of Lebanese ethnicity vary by country of birth and a lower level of suboptimal lifestyle behaviour clustering was apparent among Lebanese-born and Australian-born middle-aged to older adults of Lebanese ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oshio T, Kan M. The dynamic impact of retirement on health: Evidence from a nationwide ten-year panel survey in Japan. Prev Med 2017; 100:287-293. [PMID: 28583660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retirement is a major life-course transition that is closely related to changes in health. This study examined the dynamic impact of retirement on health and health behaviors, distinguishing an immediate change in the level of health at retirement and a change in the rate of change after retirement. We used panel data from 9283 individuals (4441 men and 4842 women) who had retired during a nationwide ten-year panel survey in Japan conducted in 2005-2014. We focused on three health behaviors (current smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, and leisure-time physical activity) and two health indicators (self-rated health and psychological distress). We estimated regression models that controlled for both time-invariant individual attributes and the endogeneity of retirement, using panel data collected during the five years before and after retirement. Results generally confirmed that the transition was accompanied by favorable changes in health and health behaviors with some gender differences. Among men, retirement immediately promoted leisure-time physical activity and reduced poor self-rated health and psychological distress. Retirement also accelerated smoking cessation and leisure-time physical activity and decelerated reporting poor health. Among women, retirement immediately promoted leisure-time physical activity and reduced psychological distress, while it did not affect the rate of change in any health variable after retirement. The current study underscores the need for more in-depth knowledge of the dynamic impact of retirement on health. This will assist in developing policy measures to help the middle-aged population make healthy transitions from work to retirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan.
| | - Mari Kan
- School of Economics, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-Nishi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2197, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Halonen JI, Stenholm S, Pulakka A, Kawachi I, Aalto V, Pentti J, Lallukka T, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Trajectories of risky drinking around the time of statutory retirement: a longitudinal latent class analysis. Addiction 2017; 112:1163-1170. [PMID: 28257157 PMCID: PMC5498817 DOI: 10.1111/add.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Life transitions such as retirement may influence alcohol consumption, but only a few studies have described this using longitudinal data. We identified patterns and predictors of risky drinking around the time of retirement. DESIGN A cohort study assessing trajectories and predictors of risky drinking among employees entering statutory retirement between 2000 and 2011. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 5805 men and women from the Finnish Public Sector study who responded to questions on alcohol consumption one to three times prior to (w-3 , w-2 , w-1 ), and one to three times after (w+1 , w+2 , w+3 ) retirement. MEASUREMENTS We assessed trajectories of risky drinking (> 24 units per week among men, > 16 units among women, or an extreme drinking occasion during past year) from pre- to post-retirement, as well as predictors of each alcohol consumption trajectory. FINDINGS Three trajectories were identified: sustained healthy drinking (81% of participants), temporary increase in risky drinking around retirement (12%) and slowly declining risky drinking after retirement (7%). The strongest pre-retirement predictors for belonging to the group of temporary increase in risky drinking were current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 3.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70-5.64], male sex (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.16-3.55), depression (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05-1.99) and work-place in the metropolitan area (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00-1.66). Compared with the slowly declining risky drinking group, the temporary increase in risky drinking group was characterized by lower occupational status and education, and work-place outside the metropolitan area. CONCLUSIONS In Finland, approximately 12% of people who reach retirement age experience a temporary increase in alcohol consumption to risky levels, while approximately 7% experience a slow decline in risky levels of alcohol consumption. Male gender, smoking, being depressed and working in a metropolitan area are associated with increased likelihood of increased alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sari Stenholm
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland,University of TampereFaculty of Social Sciences (Health Science)TampereFinland
| | - Anna Pulakka
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland
| | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- University of Turku, Department of Public Healthand Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki/KuopioFinland,Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College London Medical SchoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Si Hassen W, Castetbon K, Lelièvre E, Lampuré A, Hercberg S, Méjean C. Associations between transition to retirement and changes in dietary intakes in French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort study). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:71. [PMID: 28558720 PMCID: PMC5450356 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the influence of retirement on dietary behaviors. Our study aimed at assessing the associations between transition to retirement and changes in dietary intake in French adults, particularly according to spousal retirement and baseline income. METHODS This prospective study included 577 French participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort who retired over a 5-year follow-up (2009-2014 or 2010-2015). At baseline and every year, dietary intakes were assessed using 24 h records. Repeated measures of dietary intake were analysed using mixed models adjusted for energy with random effects of time and period (before and after retirement) to assess changes following retirement for each gender. RESULTS After retirement, intakes of saturated fatty acids and sodium increased in both genders. Women showed specific changes after retirement: decrease in the score of adherence to recommendations and in intakes of fruits, proteins, vitamins; increase in intakes of fatty sweet products. In men with the lowest income at baseline, specific changes in intake were associated with retirement such as decrease in intake of dairy products and increase in intake of lipids. CONCLUSIONS Transition to retirement was associated with unhealthier dietary intakes. These results may help defining interventions during this vulnerable life-period. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was conducted according to guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the French Institute for Health and Medical Research (IRB Inserm No. 0000388FWA00005831) and the French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés No. 908450 and No. 909216). Electronic informed consents were obtained from all participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Si Hassen
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle EREN, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Katia Castetbon
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ecole de Santé Publique, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Route de Lennik 808 – CP 598, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Lelièvre
- Institut National des Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Lampuré
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle EREN, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle EREN, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, F-93017 Bobigny, France
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Caroline Méjean
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle EREN, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, F-93017 Bobigny, France
- Insititut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, UMR 1110 MOISA, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
8-year trends in physical activity, nutrition, TV viewing time, smoking, alcohol and BMI: A comparison of younger and older Queensland adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172510. [PMID: 28248975 PMCID: PMC5332140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviours significantly contribute to high levels of chronic disease in older adults. The aims of the study were to compare the prevalence and the prevalence trends of health behaviours (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, fast food consumption, TV viewing, smoking and alcohol consumption), BMI and a summary health behaviour indicator score in older (65+ years) versus younger adults (18-65 years). The self-report outcomes were assessed through the Queensland Social Survey annually between 2007-2014 (n = 12,552). Regression analyses were conducted to compare the proportion of older versus younger adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight in all years combined and examine trends in the proportion of younger and older adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight over time. Older adults were more likely to meet recommended intakes of fruit and vegetable (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.23-1.67), not consume fast food (OR = 2.54, 95%CI = 2.25-2.86) and be non-smokers (OR = 3.02, 95%CI = 2.53-3.60) in comparison to younger adults. Conversely, older adults were less likely to meet the physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.78-0.95) and watch less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.58-0.74). Overall, older adults were more likely to report engaging in 3, or at least 4 out of 5 healthy behaviours. The proportion of both older and younger adults meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95-0.98 and OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.91-0.97 respectively), watching less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94-0.99 and OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.90-0.99 respectively) and who were a healthy weight (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.92-0.99 and OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94-0.98 respectively) decreased over time. The proportion of older adults meeting the fruit and vegetable recommendations (OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.84-0.96) and not consuming fast food (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.88-0.99) decreased over time. Although older adults meet more health behaviours than younger adults, the decreasing prevalence of healthy nutrition behaviours in this age group needs to be addressed.
Collapse
|