1
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Hadi AS, Haghi M, Barzegar A, Ali M, Feizi H. Comparative evaluation of hesperetin-loaded graphene oxide nanosheets (Hsp-GO) as a drug delivery system for colon cancer: synthesis and anticancer efficiency assessment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:591. [PMID: 38683228 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS) are recognized for their role in enhancing drug delivery and effectiveness in cancer treatment. With colon cancer being a prevalent global issue and the significant side effects associated with chemotherapy, the primary treatment for colon cancer alongside surgery, there is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies to support patients in combating this disease. Hesperetin (HSP), a natural compound found in specific fruits, exhibits anti-cancer properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GONS on the LS174t colon cancer cell line. METHODS In this study, an anti-cancer nano-drug was synthesized by creating a hesperetin-graphene oxide nanocomposite (Hsp-GO), which was subsequently evaluated for its efficacy through in vitro cell toxicity assays. Three systems were investigated: HSP, GONS, and HSP-loaded GONS, to determine their cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic impacts on the LS174t colon cancer cell line, along with assessing the expression of BAX and BCL2. The morphology and properties of both GO and Hsp-GO were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS The Hsp-GO nanocomposite displayed potent cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects on LS174t colon cancer cells, outperforming individual treatments with HSP or GONS. Cell viability assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability with Hsp-GO treatment. Analysis of BAX and BCL2 expression revealed elevated BAX and reduced BCL2 levels in Hsp-GO treated cells, indicating enhanced apoptotic activity. Morphological analysis confirmed successful Hsp-GO synthesis, while structural integrity was supported by X-ray diffraction and FTIR analyses. CONCLUSIONS These study highlight the potential of Hsp-GO as a promising anti-cancer nano-drug for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Sabbagh Hadi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Haghi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosseinpour Feizi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Salman AM, Babaei E, Al-Khafaji ASK. Exploring the modulation of MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in hesperetin-treated breast cancer cells (BT-474). J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2024; 15:43-48. [PMID: 38389973 PMCID: PMC10880915 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_279_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The major mortality factor for women globally is breast cancer, and current treatments have several adverse effects. Hesperetin (HSP) is a flavone that occurs naturally with anti-tumor capabilities and has been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential of HSP on breast cancer cells (BT-474) and normal cells (MCF-10a). The results indicated that HSP has dose-dependent cytotoxicity in BT-474 and MCF-10a cells. The elevated concentration of HSP lowered cell viability and proliferation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HSP in BT-474 cancer cells after a 48-h exposure was 279.2 μM/ml, while the IC50 in normal cells was 855.4 μM/ml. The cytotoxicity of HSP was more significant in cancer cell lines than in normal cell lines and this aspect presents a favorable factor in utilizing the drug for the treatment of breast cancer. The apoptotic effect of HSP in BT-474 cells was investigated, and it was found that the higher the concentration of HSP more the cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HSP led to overexpression of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes in both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Overall, our study suggests that HSP has an anticancer effect on breast cancer cell lines, and the effect is concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed Salman
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Yang P, Zhong J, Zhao X, Ali K, Wu L, Bu Z. Exploring the Potential of Hesperidin in Preventing Hypertrophic Scars: Insights from a Rabbit Ear Model. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2957-2963. [PMID: 37876381 PMCID: PMC10591605 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s428587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scars, commonly occurring after trauma or surgery in critical areas like the head and joints, pose significant challenges to both physical and mental health due to their impact on skin function and aesthetics. While the complex pathogenesis involves fibroblast activation and collagen deposition, effective treatments are lacking, underscoring the importance of exploring pathogenesis and targeted therapies. Hesperidin, a bioactive compound in citrus fruits with diverse health benefits, including anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects, is the focus of this study with the aim of investigating its impact on hypertrophic scar formation, given its potential to promote blood flow and improve skin microcirculation. Objective This study aimed to observe the inhibitory effect of topical hesperidin on hypertrophic scars in rabbits. Methods A total of 8 healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish a rabbit hypertrophic scarring animal model. Five wounds were created on each rabbit's two ears, with three wounds on the left ear (groups A, B, and C) and two wounds on the right ear (groups D and E). After six days of wound drying postoperatively, the wounds were locally treated with medication as followed: group A, 0.1% hesperidin; group B, 1% hesperidin; group C, 1% triamcinolone acetonide; group D, Vaseline; and group E, blank control without any medication. After 28 days, the scar tissue samples were collected for histological examination. Results The results showed that the scar texture of groups B and C was softer and lighter in color, and the number of fibroblasts, capillaries, and inflammatory cells in the tissue was significantly less than those in the other three groups. The hypertrophic scar indices of groups B and C were significantly smaller than those of groups A, D, and E, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between groups B and C. Conclusion Topical application of hesperidin demonstrated promising potential for reducing hypertrophic scar formation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - JianBo Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - XingYun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhangYu Bu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Hasan AK, Babaei E, Al-Khafaji ASK. Hesperetin effect on MLH1 and MSH2 expression on breast cancer cells BT-549. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:241-247. [PMID: 37692022 PMCID: PMC10483912 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_277_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, breast cancer is very difficult to eliminate. The harmful consequences of conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy have prompted the search for organic-based alternatives. Hesperetin (HSP), a flavonoid, has been discovered to possess the ability to hinder the proliferation of cell associated with breast cancer by acting as an epigenetic agent and modifying gene expression. In this investigation, breast cancer cells (BT-549) and normal cells (MCF-10a) were subjected to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test and three different doses (200, 400, and 600 μM/mL) of HSP for real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to examine its cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential. HSP was shown to be cytotoxic to both normal and breast cancer cells, but had a more pronounced effect on the cancer cell lines. After 48 h of treatment, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for BT-549 was 279.2 μM/mL, whereas the IC50 for MCF-10a was 855.4 μM/mL. At high HSP concentrations, upregulation of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes was observed in both cell lines. The influence of HSP on MLH1 gene expression was concentration dependent. Moreover, HSP had a concentration-dependent effect on MSH2 gene expression in the BT-549 cell line but not in the MCF-10a cell line. Cell death and early apoptosis were shown to be concentration dependent upon the application of HSP, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. HSP's capacity to cause apoptosis and its stronger impact on the malignant cell line when analyzed with the normal cell line imply that it might be useful as an effective therapeutic approach for combating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim Khattab Hasan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Hesperetin Induces Autophagy and Delayed Apoptosis by Modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Human Leukemia Cells In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1587-1600. [PMID: 36826047 PMCID: PMC9954895 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperetin has been reported to have anticancer properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action on leukemia cells remain unclear. This in vitro study evaluated the possible mechanisms of hesperetin in leukemia cells (HL-60 and U937). METHODS Cell viability was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis and autophagy assays were conducted through annexin V/PI staining and acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) staining. Cell cycle analysis was conducted through propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. The expression of proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy, including cleaved-PARP-1, Bcl-2, Bax, LC3-I/II, Beclin-1, Atg5, p62, phospho-AMPK, AMPK, phospho-mTOR, mTOR, phospho-Akt, and Akt, in human leukemia cells were evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTS Hesperetin dose-dependently inhibited leukemia cell viability. However, we found a low degree of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by hesperetin in U937 cells. These findings imply the presence of additional mechanisms modulating hesperetin-induced cell death. Next, we evaluated autophagy, the possible mechanism modulating cell death or survival, to clarify the underlying mechanism of hesperetin-induced cell death. Hesperetin also dose-dependently increased the ratio of LC3II/I, Atg5, and Beclin 1 and decreased p62. Moreover, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) inhibited hesperetin-induced autophagy. We suggest that hesperetin can protect cancer cells during the transient period and may extend survival. Furthermore, a decrease in p-mTOR and p-Akt expression and an increase in p-AMPK expression were observed. Collectively, these findings suggest that hesperetin induces autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION Hesperetin promoted cell death in the human leukemic cell line U937 by inducing a low degree of slight apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. It is therefore a potential adjuvant to antileukemia therapy and may be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce chemoresistance and side effects.
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6
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Jin S, Haskins MM, Andaloussi YH, Ouyang R, Gong J, Zaworotko MJ. Conformational Trimorphism in an Ionic Cocrystal of Hesperetin. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:6390-6397. [PMID: 36345389 PMCID: PMC9634790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the existence of conformational polymorphism in an ionic cocrystal (ICC) of the nutraceutical compound hesperetin (HES) in which its tetraethylammonium (TEA+) salt serves as a coformer. Three polymorphs, HESTEA-α, HESTEA-β and HESTEA-γ, were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Each polymorph was found to be sustained by phenol···phenolate supramolecular heterosynthons that self-assemble with phenol···phenol supramolecular homosynthons into C 3 2(7) H-bonded motifs. Conformational variability in HES moieties and different relative orientations of the H-bonded motifs resulted in distinct crystal packing patterns: HESTEA-α and HESTEA-β exhibit H-bonded sheets; HESTEA-γ is sustained by bilayers of H-bonded tapes. All three polymorphs were found to be stable upon exposure to humidity under accelerated stability conditions for 2 weeks. Under competitive slurry conditions, HESTEA-α was observed to transform to the β or γ forms. Solvent selection impacted the relationship between HESTEA-β (favored in EtOH) and HESTEA-γ (favored in MeOH). A mixture of the β and γ forms was found to be present following H2O slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Molly M. Haskins
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Yassin H. Andaloussi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ruiling Ouyang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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7
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Sohel M, Sultana H, Sultana T, Al Amin M, Aktar S, Ali MC, Rahim ZB, Hossain MA, Al Mamun A, Amin MN, Dash R. Chemotherapeutic potential of hesperetin for cancer treatment, with mechanistic insights: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08815. [PMID: 35128104 PMCID: PMC8810372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has become a significant concern in the medical sector with increasing disease complexity. Although some available conventional treatments are still a blessing for cancer patients, short-and long-term adverse effects and poor efficiency make it more difficult to treat cancer patients, demonstrating the need for new potent and selective anticancer drugs. In search of potent anticancer agents, naturally occurring compounds have always been admired due to their structural diversity, where Hesperetin (HSP) may be one of the potent candidates. PURPOSE We aimed to summarize all sources, pharmacological properties, anticancer activities of HSP against numerous cancers types through targeting multiple pathological processes, mechanism of HSP on sensitizing the current anti-cancer agents and other phytochemicals, overcoming resistance pattern and determining absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox). METHODS Information was retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar based on some key points like Hesperetin, cancer name, anticancer resistance, nanoformulation, and ADME/Tox was determined by in silico approaches. RESULT HSP is a phytoestrogen present in citrus fruits in a high concentration (several hundred mg/kg) and exhibited anti-cancer activities through interfering at several pathways. HSP can suppress tumor formation by targeting several cellular proteins such as cell cycle regulatory, apoptosis, metastatic, tyrosine kinase, growth factor receptor, estrogen metabolism, and antioxidant-related protein.HSP has shown remarkable synergistic properties in combination therapy and has been reported to overcome multidrug cancer resistance drugs, leading to an improved defensive mechanism. These anticancer activities of HSP may be due to proper structural chemistry. CONCLUSION Overall, HSP showed potential anticancer activities against all cancer and possess better pharmacokinetic properties. So this phytochemical alone or combination with other agents can be an effective alternative drug for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tayeba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Al Amin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Zahed Bin Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka 1230 Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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8
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Guenter R, Eide J, Chen H, Rose JB, Jaskula-Sztul R. High-Throughput Analysis to Identify Activators of Notch Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2472:49-56. [PMID: 35674891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2201-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway regulates many cellular functions in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the cell type, either the activation or inhibition of Notch signaling can influence many processes such as cellular proliferation, specification, differentiation, and survival. The activation of Notch signaling has been shown to have therapeutic advantages in some cancers, thus having a method to identify Notch-activating compounds is needed. In this chapter we outline a method for high-throughput analysis of potential Notch pathway activators in a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line as an example. We also include the steps for subsequent validation of results and preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Eide
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Long WY, Zhao GH, Wu Y. Hesperetin inhibits KSHV reactivation and is reversed by HIF1α overexpression. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34747688 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an oncogenic virus, has two life cycle modes: the latent and lytic phases. KSHV lytic reactivation is important for both viral propagation and KSHV-induced tumorigenesis. The KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein is essential for lytic reactivation. Hesperetin, a citrus polyphenolic flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, cardiovascular and anti-tumour effects. However, the effects of hesperetin on KSHV replication and KSHV-induced tumorigenesis have not yet been reported. Here, we report that hesperetin induces apoptotic cell death in BCBL-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hesperetin inhibits KSHV reactivation and reduces the production of progeny virus from KSHV-harbouring cells. We also confirmed that HIF1α promotes the RTA transcriptional activities and lytic cycle-refractory state of KSHV-infected cells. Hesperetin suppresses HIF1α expression to inhibit KSHV lytic reactivation. These results suggest that hesperetin may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of KSHV infection and KSHV-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Long
- Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhao
- Neurology Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yao Wu
- Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, PR China
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10
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Salehi B, Cruz-Martins N, Butnariu M, Sarac I, Bagiu IC, Ezzat SM, Wang J, Koay A, Sheridan H, Adetunji CO, Semwal P, Schoebitz M, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J. Hesperetin's health potential: moving from preclinical to clinical evidence and bioavailability issues, to upcoming strategies to overcome current limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4449-4464. [PMID: 33491467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1875979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are common in the plant kingdom and many of them have shown a wide spectrum of bioactive properties. Hesperetin (Hst), the aglycone form of hesperidin, is a great example, and is the most abundant flavonoid found in Citrus plants. This review aims to provide an overview on the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies reporting the Hst pharmacological effects and to discuss the bioavailability-related issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, carbohydrate dysregulation, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical studies have supported the Hst promissory effects as cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other Hst effects observed in preclinical trials, as well as to a more in-depth understanding of its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia-Cristina Bagiu
- Timisoara, Discipline of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Jinfan Wang
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aaron Koay
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- Trinity College Dublin. NatPro (Natural Products Research Centre), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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11
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Whitt J, Hong WS, Telange RR, Lin CP, Bibb J, Beebe DJ, Chen H, Jaskula-Sztul R. Non-toxic fragment of botulinum neurotoxin type A and monomethyl auristatin E conjugate for targeted therapy for neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:898-909. [PMID: 32029905 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the only cure for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, widespread metastases have already occured by the time of initial diagnosis in many cases making complete surgical removal impossible. We developed a recombinant heavy-chain receptor binding domain (rHCR) of botulinum neurotoxin type A that can specifically target synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2), a surface receptor abundantly expressed in multiple neuroendocrine tumors. Expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers chromogranin A (CgA) and achaete-scute complex 1 (ASCL1) were signficantly reduced when treated with rHCR. rHCR conjugated to the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) significantly suppressed proliferation of pancreatic carcinoid (BON) and medullary thyroid cancer cells (MZ) at concentrations of 500 and 300 nM respectively, while no growth suppression was observed in pulmonary fibroblasts and cortical neuron control cell lines. In vivo, rHCR-MMAE significantly reduced tumor volume in mouse xenografts with no observed adverse effects. These data suggest recombinant HCR (rHCR) of BoNT/A preferentially targets neuroendocrine cancer without the neurotoxicity of the full BoNT/A and that SV2 is a specific and promising target for delivering drugs to neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Won S Hong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rahul R Telange
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chee Paul Lin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Ramachandhiran D. Modulating effect of hesperetin on the molecular expression pattern of apoptotic and cell proliferative markers in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:430-439. [PMID: 30663412 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1555600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is widespread malignant neoplasm and refractory cancers in worldwide. Here, we studied the chemopreventive potential of hesperetin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBPCs). Oral tumours were developed in the buccal pouches of male golden Syrian hamsters by topical application of 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 10 weeks. This causes sequentially hyperplasia, dysplasia and well differentiates squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with up-regulation of molecular markers like mutant-p53, Caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cyclin-D1. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis of hesperetin treated animals shows a reversal in the above expression pattern to near normal in buccal mucosal tissue. Therefore, hesperetin exhibits the potential protective effect against DMBA-induced oral cancer through apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. However, a long-term observation would be needed to confirm the possibility of malignant change of the resulted dysplastic lesions upon hesperetin pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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13
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Yunita E, Muflikhasari HA, Ilmawati GPN, Meiyanto E, Hermawan A. Hesperetin alleviates doxorubicin-induced migration in 4T1 breast cancer cells. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hesperetin (Hst), a citrus flavanone, is widely distributed among citrus fruits, including lemons. Hst has been shown to possess bioactivity as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, hypolipidemic, vasoprotector, and anticancer agent. This study aimed to identify potential combinations of Hst and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) as co-chemotherapy agents against 4T1 murine metastatic breast cancer cells.
Results
MTT assay results showed that Hst exhibited cytotoxic effect in 4T1 cells, and its combination with Dox showed a synergistic effect based on the CI value. The combination of Hst and Dox increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The combination of Hst and Dox inhibited migration and decreased MMP-9 expression in 4T1 cells.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the results of this study show that Hst has potential as a Dox co-chemotherapy against 4T1 cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. More importantly, Hst reduces Dox-induced migration and decreases MMP-9 expression.
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14
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Hermawan A, Ikawati M, Khumaira A, Putri H, Jenie RI, Angraini SM, Muflikhasari HA. Bioinformatics and In Vitro Studies Reveal the Importance of p53, PPARG and Notch Signaling Pathway in Inhibition of Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Hesperetin. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:351-360. [PMID: 33880358 PMCID: PMC8046396 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The failure of chemotherapy in breast cancer is caused by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a minor population of cells in bulk mammary tumors. Previously, hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, showed cytotoxicity in several cancer cells and increased cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and cisplatin. Hesperetin also inhibited osteogenic and adipocyte differentiation, however, a study of the effect of hesperetin on BCSCs has not yet been performed. Methods: In this study, we combined bioinformatics and in vitro works. A bioinformatic approach was performed to identify molecular targets, key proteins, and molecular mechanisms of hesperetin targeted at BCSCs, and genetic alterations among key genes. In addition, an in vitro study was carried out to measure the effects of hesperetin on BCSCs using the spheroids model of MCF-7 breast cancer cells (mammospheres). Results: Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified P53, PPARG, and Notch signaling as potential targets of hesperetin in inhibition of BCSCs. The in vitro study showed that hesperetin exhibits cytotoxicity on mammospheres, inhibits mammosphere and colony formation, and inhibits migration. Hesperetin modulates the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in mammospheres. Moreover, hesperetin treatment modulates the expression of p53, PPARG, and NOTCH1. Conclusion: Taken together, hesperetin has potential for the treatment of BCSC by targeting p53, PPARG and Notch signaling. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved is required for the development of hesperetin as a BCSC-targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Khumaira
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonia Meta Angraini
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Haruma Anggraini Muflikhasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Microbial production of O-methylated flavanones from methylated phenylpropanoic acids in engineered Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1707-1713. [PMID: 31595455 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylated flavonoids possess improved bioactivities compared to their unmethylated counterparts. In this study, for the efficient production of O-methylated flavonoids from simple methylated phenylpropanoic acids, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) from Oryza sativa and chalcone synthase (CHS) from Hordeum vulgare was constructed; this strain produced significant amount of homoeriodictyol (~ 52 mg/L) as well as a few amount of hesperetin (0.4 mg/L), respectively, from ferulic acid and 4-methylcaffeic acid. This demonstrates, for the first time, that the scarce but valuable methylated flavanones can be successfully produced from methylated phenylpropanoic acids in a microbial host via an artificial biosynthetic pathway consisting of 4CL and CHS that can accept O-methylated precursors.
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Ishola IO, Jacinta AA, Adeyemi OO. Cortico-hippocampal memory enhancing activity of hesperetin on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice: role of antioxidant defense system, cholinergic neurotransmission and expression of BDNF. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:979-989. [PMID: 30949953 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age related neurodegenerative disease causing severe cognitive and memory decline in elderly people. Flavonoids play neuroprotective role by inhibiting and/or modifying the self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau peptide into oligomers and fibrils. This study sought to investigate the effect of hesperetin (HPT) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Mice were orally pretreated with HPT (1, 5 or 50 mg/kg) or vehicle (normal saline; 10 ml/kg) for 3 consecutive days. One hour post-treatment on day 3, scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 5 min before locomotor activity (open field test) and memory function (novel object recognition test (NORT) for 2 consecutive days and Morris water maze task (MWM) for 5 consecutive days). Levels of oxidative stress markers / brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and acetylcholinesterase activity were determined in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after completion of MWM task. Scopolamine caused no significant change in mice exploration of the familiar or novel object in the test session whereas the HPT-treated mice spent more time exploring the novel object more than familiar object in NORT. Scopolamine also increased the escape latency in acquisition phase and decreases time spent in target quadrant in probe phase which were ameliorated by the pretreatment with HPT. Scopolamine-induced alteration of oxidant-antioxidant balance, acetylcholinesterase activity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were attenuated by HPT treatment. This study showed that HPT ameliorated non-spatial/spatial learning and memory impairment by scopolamine possibly through enhancement of antioxidant defense, cholinergic and BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Abosi A Jacinta
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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17
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Kim WJ, Lee SE, Park YG, Jeong SG, Kim EY, Park SP. Antioxidant hesperetin improves the quality of porcine oocytes during aging in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:32-41. [PMID: 30358012 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The citrus flavonoid hesperetin has a variety of pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study investigated whether hesperetin prevents aging of oocytes in vitro in which it determined the maturation of nuclear and cytoplasm and the developmental capacity of embryo by modulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Porcine oocytes were matured in vitro for 44 hr (control) and for an additional 24 hr in the presence of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 250 μM hesperetin (aging, H-1, H-10, H-100, and H-250, respectively). Although there was no difference in the rate of maturation among all the groups, both the control and H-100 groups significantly increased in the rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation compared to the aging group. The H-100 group significantly decreased ROS activity and increases the level of glutathione (GSH) and expression of the antioxidant genes (PRDX5, NFE2L, SOD1, and SOD2) compared with the aging group. The H-100 groups prevented aberrant spindle organization and chromosomal misalignment, blocked the decrease in the level of phosphorylated-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and increased the messenger RNA expression of cytoplasmic maturation factor genes (GDF9, CCNB1, BMP15, and MOS). Subsequently, both the control and H-100 groups significantly increased the total cell number and decreased the apoptosis cells at the blastocyst stage compared with aging group. The results indicate that hesperetin improves the quality of porcine oocytes by protecting them against oxidative stress during aging in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jae Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yun-Gwi Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Jeong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Kheradmand E, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Zare M. Neuroprotective effect of hesperetin and nano-hesperetin on recognition memory impairment and the elevated oxygen stress in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1096-1101. [PMID: 29136946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive dementia affecting a large proportion of the aging population. There is evidence that brain tissue in patients with AD is exposed to oxidative stress during the course of the disease. Hesperetin (Hst) is a natural flavonoid, which has been reported to exert various biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperetin and nano-hesperetin on neurobehavioral activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in hippocampal area of rats in an experimental model of AD. The AD was induced in animals by intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (icv-STZ) unilaterally. Animals were treated with the Hst and nano-Hst (10, 20 mg/kg body weight), then after three successive weeks, recognition memory was examined (passive avoidance test and novel object recognition test) and antioxidant parameters were evaluated. In our study behavioral testes showed improvement on memory retrieval and recognition memory consolidation. Furthermore the Hst and nano-Hst increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, glutathione GPx, GRx and CAT) and GSH levels and decreased MDA in the hippocampal area. These results suggested that Hst and nano-Hst may inhibit STZ-induced oxidative stress, and that it may possess therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kheradmand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | | | - Mahboobeh Zare
- Faculty of Herbs, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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19
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PARP Inhibition by Flavonoids Induced Selective Cell Killing to BRCA2-Deficient Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040080. [PMID: 29023372 PMCID: PMC5748637 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High consumption of dietary flavonoids might contribute to a reduction of cancer risks. Quercetin and its glycosides have PARP inhibitory effects and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells by synthetic lethality. We hypothesized that common flavonoids in diet naringenin, hesperetin and their glycosides have a similar structure to quercetin, which might have comparable PARP inhibitory effects, and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells. We utilized Chinese hamster V79 wild type, V-C8 BRCA2-deficient and its gene-complemented cells. In vitro analysis revealed that both naringenin and hesperetin present a PARP inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect is less specific than for quercetin. Hesperetin was more cytotoxic to V79 cells than quercetin and naringenin based on colony formation assay. Quercetin and naringenin killed V-C8 cells with lower concentrations, and presented selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells. However, the cytotoxicity of hesperetin was similar among all three cell lines. Glycosyl flavonoids, isoquercetin and rutin as well as naringin showed selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells; hesperidin did not. These results suggest that flavonoids with the PARP inhibitory effect can cause synthetic lethality to BRCA2-deficient cells when other pathways are not the primary cause of death.
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20
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Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Lombardo GE, Maugeri A, Calapai G, Gangemi S, Navarra M. Chemopreventive Agents and Inhibitors of Cancer Hallmarks: May Citrus Offer New Perspectives? Nutrients 2016; 8:E698. [PMID: 27827912 PMCID: PMC5133085 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables have long been recognized as potentially important in the prevention of cancer risk. Thus, scientific interest in nutrition and cancer has grown over time, as shown by increasing number of experimental studies about the relationship between diet and cancer development. This review attempts to provide an insight into the anti-cancer effects of Citrus fruits, with a focus on their bioactive compounds, elucidating the main cellular and molecular mechanisms through which they may protect against cancer. Scientific literature was selected for this review with the aim of collecting the relevant experimental evidence for the anti-cancer effects of Citrus fruits and their flavonoids. The findings discussed in this review strongly support their potential as anti-cancer agents, and may represent a scientific basis to develop nutraceuticals, food supplements, or complementary and alternative drugs in a context of a multi-target pharmacological strategy in the oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Giovanni E Lombardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina I-98125, Italy.
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli I-80078, Italy.
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy.
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21
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Koirala N, Thuan NH, Ghimire GP, Thang DV, Sohng JK. Methylation of flavonoids: Chemical structures, bioactivities, progress and perspectives for biotechnological production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 86:103-16. [PMID: 26992799 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the natural products, flavonoids have been particularly attractive, highly studied and become one of the most important promising agent to treat cancer, oxidant stress, pathogenic bacteria, inflammations, cardio-vascular dysfunctions, etc. Despite many promising roles of flavonoids, expectations have not been fulfilled when studies were extended to the in vivo condition, particularly in humans. Instability and very low oral bioavailability of dietary flavonoids are the reasons behind this. Researches have demonstrated that the methylation of these flavonoids could increase their promise as pharmaceutical agents leading to novel applications. Methylation of the flavonoids via theirs free hydroxyl groups or C atom dramatically increases their metabolic stability and enhances the membrane transport, leading to facilitated absorption and highly increased oral bioavailability. In this paper, we concentrated on analysis of flavonoid methoxides including O- and C-methoxide derivatives in aspect of structure, bioactivities and description of almost all up-to-date O- and C-methyltransferases' enzymatic characteristics. Furthermore, modern biological approaches for synthesis and production of flavonoid methoxides using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have been focused and updated up to 2015. This review will give a handful information regarding the methylation of flavonoids, methyltransferases and biotechnological synthesis of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Koirala
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, 100, Kalsan-ri, Tangjeonmyun, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, K7/25 Quang Trung Street, Haichau District, Danang City, Viet Nam.
| | - Gopal Prasad Ghimire
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, 100, Kalsan-ri, Tangjeonmyun, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duong Van Thang
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, 100, Kalsan-ri, Tangjeonmyun, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, 100, Kalsan-ri, Tangjeonmyun, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Yang LJ, Xia S, Ma SX, Zhou SY, Zhao XQ, Wang SH, Li MY, Yang XD. Host–guest system of hesperetin and β-cyclodextrin or its derivatives: Preparation, characterization, inclusion mode, solubilization and stability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:1016-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Wei L, Deng W, Cheng Z, Guo H, Wang S, Zhang X, He Y, Tang Q. Effects of hesperetin on platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:955-60. [PMID: 26647836 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin is a natural flavonoid, which has been reported to exert various biological activities and positive health effects on mammalian cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperetin on the proliferation of primary cultured rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of the present study indicated that hesperetin was able to inhibit the proliferation and DNA synthesis of platelet‑derived growth factor‑BB (PDGF‑BB)‑induced PASMCs in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, without exerting cell cytotoxicity. In addition, hesperetin blocked the progression of the cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase, which was correlated with the decreased mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4, and the increased mRNA expression levels of p27. Furthermore, the anti‑proliferative effects of hesperetin were associated with suppression of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and p38 signaling pathway, but were not associated with the extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1/2 and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinases signaling pathways. These results suggested that hesperetin may inhibit PDGFa‑BB‑induced PASMC proliferation via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, and that it may possess therapeutic potential for the treatment of pulmonary vascular remodeling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shihong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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24
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Hesperetin Induces the Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells via Activating Mitochondrial Pathway by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2985-95. [PMID: 25972151 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperetin, has been shown to exert biological activities on various types of human cancers. However, few related studies on gastric cancer are available. AIM In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of hesperetin on gastric cancer and clarify its specific mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, JC-1, Hoechst 33258 staining, and western bolt were used to detect cell viability, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (△ψ m), cell apoptosis, and expressions of mitochondrial pathway proteins, respectively. Meanwhile, xenograft tumor models in nude mice were made to evaluate the effect of hesperetin on gastric cancer in vivo. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in hesperetin groups was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05), and dose- and time-dependent effects were observed. Pretreatment with H2O2 (1 mM) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 mM) enhanced or attenuated the hesperetin-induced inhibition of cell viability (P < 0.05). Percentages of apoptotic cells, levels of intracellular ROS, and △ψ m varied with the dose and treatment time of hesperetin (P < 0.05), and hesperetin caused an increase in the levels of AIF, Apaf-1, Cyt C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax and a decrease in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, hesperetin significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that hesperetin could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via activating the mitochondrial pathway by increasing the ROS.
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Shimouchi A, Yokota H, Ono S, Matsumoto C, Tamai T, Takumi H, Narayanan SP, Kimura S, Kobayashi H, Caldwell RB, Nagaoka T, Yoshida A. Neuroprotective effect of water-dispersible hesperetin in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2015; 60:51-61. [PMID: 26407617 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-015-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether water-dispersible hesperetin (WD-Hpt) can prevent degeneration of ganglion cell neurons in the ischemic retina. METHODS Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure of mice to 110 mmHg for 40 min. Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections with either normal saline (NS, 0.3 ml/day) or WD-Hpt (0.3 ml, 200 mg/kg/day). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed by dihydroethidium and nitrotyrosine formation. Inflammation was estimated by microglial morphology in the retina. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of WD-Hpt on activated microglia by quantifying the expression of IL-1β using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Ganglion cell loss was assessed by immunohistochemistry of NeuN. Glial activation was quantified with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Apoptosis was evaluated with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry of cleaved caspase-3. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was surveyed by western blotting. RESULTS WD-Hpt decreased I/R-induced ROS formation. WD-Hpt alleviated microglial activation induced by I/R and reduced mRNA levels of IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV-2. I/R resulted in a 37% reduction in the number of ganglion cells in the NS-treated mice, whereas the reduction was only 5% in the WD-Hpt-treated mice. In addition, WD-Hpt mitigated the immunoreactivity of GFAP, increased expression of cleaved caspase-3, increased number of TUNEL positive cells and p-ERK after I/R. CONCLUSIONS WD-Hpt protected ganglion cells from I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating cell death signaling. Moreover, WD-Hpt had an anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Shimouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Chiemi Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tamai
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takumi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shoji Kimura
- Division of Immune Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Division of Immune Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
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Shao H, Zhao L, Chen J, Zhou H, Huang S, Li K. Preparation, characterization and application of molecularly imprinted monolithic column for hesperetin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:241-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wyche TP, Dammalapati A, Cho H, Harrison AD, Kwon GS, Chen H, Bugni TS, Jaskula-Sztul R. Thiocoraline activates the Notch pathway in carcinoids and reduces tumor progression in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:518-25. [PMID: 25412645 PMCID: PMC4270822 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoids are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that are characterized by hormone overproduction; surgery is currently the only option for treatment. Activation of the Notch pathway has previously been shown to have a role in tumor suppression in NETs. The marine-derived thiodepsipeptide thiocoraline was investigated in vitro in two carcinoid cell lines (BON and H727). Carcinoid cells treated with nanomolar concentrations of thiocoraline resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and an alteration of malignant phenotype evidenced by decrease of NET markers, ASCL-1, CgA, and NSE. Western blot analysis demonstrated the activation of Notch1 on the protein level in BON cells. Additionally, thiocoraline activated downstream Notch targets HES1, HES5, and HEY2. Thiocoraline effectively suppressed carcinoid cell growth by promoting cell cycle arrest in BON and H727 cells. An in vivo study demonstrated that thiocoraline, formulated with polymeric micelles, slowed carcinoid tumor progression. Thus, the therapeutic potential of thiocoraline, which induced activation of the Notch pathway, in carcinoid tumors was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Wyche
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Dammalapati
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Cho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A D Harrison
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - G S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T S Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery Endocrine Research Laboratories, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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Agrawal YO, Sharma PK, Shrivastava B, Arya DS, Goyal SN. Hesperidin blunts streptozotocin-isoproternol induced myocardial toxicity in rats by altering of PPAR-γ receptor. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Patel PN, Yu XM, Jaskula-Sztul R, Chen H. Hesperetin activates the Notch1 signaling cascade, causes apoptosis, and induces cellular differentiation in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S497-504. [PMID: 24419754 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is characterized by very aggressive growth with undifferentiated features. Recently, it has been reported that the Notch1 signaling pathway, which affects thyrocyte proliferation and differentiation, is inactivated in ATC. However, it remains largely unknown whether using Notch1 activating compounds can be an effective therapeutic strategy in ATC. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the drug effects of a potential Notch activator hesperetin on ATC cell. METHODS A unique ATC cell line HTh7 was used to evaluate the drug effects of hesperetin. The Notch1 activating function and cell proliferation were evaluated. The mechanism of growth regulation was investigated by the detection of apoptotic markers. The expression levels of thyrocyte-specific genes were quantified for ATC redifferentiation. RESULTS Upregulated expression of Notch1 and its downstream effectors hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) and Hes1 related with YRPW motif was observed in hesperetin-treated ATC cells. The enhanced luciferase signal also confirmed the functional activity of hesperetin-induced Notch1 signaling. Hesperetin led to a time- and dose-dependent decrease in ATC cell proliferation. The cell-growth inhibition was mainly caused by apoptosis as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase-3 as well as decreased survivin. Additionally, hesperetin induced the expression levels of thyrocyte-specific genes including thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), TTF2, paired box gene 8, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, and sodium/iodide symporter. CONCLUSIONS Hesperetin activates the Notch1 signaling cascade and suppresses ATC cell proliferation mainly via apoptosis. Hesperetin also induces cell redifferentiation of ATC, which could be useful clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyesh N Patel
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Xu W, Burke JF, Pilla S, Chen H, Jaskula-Sztul R, Gong S. Octreotide-functionalized and resveratrol-loaded unimolecular micelles for targeted neuroendocrine cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9924-9933. [PMID: 23986296 PMCID: PMC3867929 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) that is often resistant to standard therapies. Resveratrol suppresses MTC growth in vitro, but it has low bioavailability in vivo due to its poor water solubility and rapid metabolic breakdown, as well as lack of tumor-targeting ability. A novel unimolecular micelle based on a hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymer was designed, synthesized, and characterized for NET-targeted delivery. The hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymer consisted of a dendritic Boltorn® H40 core, a hydrophobic poly(l-lactide) (PLA) inner shell, and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) outer shell. Octreotide (OCT), a peptide that shows strong binding affinity to somatostatin receptors, which are overexpressed on NET cells, was used as the targeting ligand. Resveratrol was physically encapsulated by the micelle with a drug loading content of 12.1%. The unimolecular micelles exhibited a uniform size distribution and spherical morphology, which were determined by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cellular uptake, cellular proliferation, and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the resveratrol-loaded OCT-targeted micelles suppressed growth more effectively than non-targeted micelles. Moreover, resveratrol-loaded NET-targeted micelles affected MTC cells similarly to free resveratrol in vitro, with equal growth suppression and reduction in NET marker production. These results suggest that the H40-based unimolecular micelle may offer a promising approach for targeted NET therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Tel: +1 6083164321
| | - Jocelyn F. Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA. Tel: +1 6082631387
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Tel: +1 6083164321
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA. Tel: +1 6082631387
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA. Tel: +1 6082631387
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Tel: +1 6083164321
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Tesfazghi S, Eide J, Dammalapati A, Korlesky C, Wyche TP, Bugni TS, Chen H, Jaskula-Sztul R. Thiocoraline alters neuroendocrine phenotype and activates the Notch pathway in MTC-TT cell line. Cancer Med 2013; 2:734-43. [PMID: 24403239 PMCID: PMC3892805 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Previous research has shown that activation of Notch signaling has a tumor suppressor role in NETs. The potential therapeutic effect of thiocoraline on the activation of the Notch pathway in an MTC cell line (TT) was investigated. Thiocoraline was isolated from a marine bacterium Verrucosispora sp. MTT assay (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to determine the IC50 value and to measure cell proliferation. Western blot revealed the expression of Notch isoforms, NET, and cell cycle markers. Cell cycle progression was validated by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Notch isoforms and downstream targets were measured using real-time PCR. The IC50 value for thiocoraline treatment in TT cells was determined to be 7.6 nmol/L. Thiocoraline treatment decreased cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mechanism of growth inhibition was found to be cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Thiocoraline activated the Notch pathway as demonstrated by the dose-dependent increase in mRNA and protein expression of Notch isoforms. Furthermore, treatment with thiocoraline resulted in changes in the expression of downstream targets of the Notch pathway (HES1, HES2, HES6, HEY1, and HEY2) and reduced expression of NET markers, CgA, and ASCL1. Thiocoraline is a potent Notch pathway activator and an inhibitor of MTC-TT cell proliferation at low nanomolar concentrations. These results provide exciting evidence for the use of thiocoraline as a potential treatment for intractable MTC. Thiocoraline is a potent Notch pathway activator and an inhibitor of medullary thyroid cancer cell line (MTC-TT) cell proliferation at low nanomolar concentrations. These results provide evidence for the use of thiocoraline as a potential treatment for intractable MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tesfazghi
- University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), also known as islet cell tumors, are mostly indolent neoplasms that probably arise from a network of endocrine cells that includes islet cells and pluripotent precursors in the pancreatic ductal epithelium. The incidence and prevalence of PNETs continue to rise in recent years because of more sensitive detection. The molecular pathogenesis, early detection, molecular predictors of tumor behavior, and targeted drug therapy of PNETs are not well understood and require additional basic and translational research. The rarity and indolent nature of these tumors, difficulty of access to appropriate patient tissue samples, and varying histopathology and secreted hormones pose particular challenges to PNET researchers. Animal models and cell lines are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, mechanisms for tumor invasion and metastasis, and therapeutics of PNETs. This review summarizes currently available animal models and cell lines of PNETs, which have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of human PNETs. In the future, animal models and cell lines of PNETs should also be used to study early tumor detection and molecular predictors of tumor behavior and to test the responses to, and mechanisms for, novel targeted drug therapies.
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Burke JF, Schlosser L, Harrison AD, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Chen H. MK-2206 causes growth suppression and reduces neuroendocrine tumor marker production in medullary thyroid cancer through Akt inhibition. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3862-8. [PMID: 23900743 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of targeted therapies for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) has focused on inhibition of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. Akt has been demonstrated to be a downstream target of RET via the key mediator phosphoinositide-3-kinase. MK-2206 is an orally administered allosteric Akt inhibitor that has exhibited minimal toxicity in phase I trials. We explored the antitumor effects of this compound in MTC. METHODS Human MTC-TT cells were treated with MK-2206 (0-20 μM) for 8 days. Assays for cell viability were performed at multiple time points with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The mechanism of action, mechanism of growth inhibition, and production of neuroendocrine tumor markers were assessed with Western blot analysis. RESULTS MK-2206 suppressed MTC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (p ≤ 0.001). Levels of Akt phosphorylated at serine 473 declined with increasing doses of MK-2206, indicating successful Akt inhibition. The apoptotic proteins cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase-3 increased in a dose-dependent manner with MK-2206, while the apoptosis inhibitor survivin was markedly reduced. Importantly, the antitumor effects of MK-2206 were independent of RET inhibition, as the levels of RET protein were not blocked. CONCLUSIONS MK-2206 significantly suppresses MTC proliferation without RET inhibition. Given its high oral bioavailability and low toxicity profile, phase II studies with this drug alone or in combination with RET inhibitors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Burke
- Department of Surgery, K3/705 Clinical Science Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Predicting the Drug Safety for Traditional Chinese Medicine through a Comparative Analysis of Withdrawn Drugs Using Pharmacological Network. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:256782. [PMID: 23737823 PMCID: PMC3657406 DOI: 10.1155/2013/256782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the major issue to limit the use of drugs, drug safety leads to the attrition or failure in clinical trials of drugs. Therefore, it would be more efficient to minimize therapeutic risks if it could be predicted before large-scale clinical trials. Here, we integrated a network topology analysis with cheminformatics measurements on drug information from the DrugBank database to detect the discrepancies between approved drugs and withdrawn drugs and give drug safety indications. Thus, 47 approved drugs were unfolded with higher similarity measurements to withdrawn ones by the same target and confirmed to be already withdrawn or discontinued in certain countries or regions in subsequent investigations. Accordingly, with the 2D chemical fingerprint similarity calculation as a medium, the method was applied to predict pharmacovigilance for natural products from an in-house traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database. Among them, Silibinin was highlighted for the high similarity to the withdrawn drug Plicamycin although it was regarded as a promising drug candidate with a lower toxicity in existing reports. In summary, the network approach integrated with cheminformatics could provide drug safety indications effectively, especially for compounds with unknown targets or mechanisms like natural products. It would be helpful for drug safety surveillance in all phases of drug development.
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Kapoor S. Letter to editor: hesperetin and its anti-neoplastic effects in systemic malignancies. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:269. [PMID: 23568885 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tang L, Jia W. A comparison study on the binding of hesperetin and luteolin to bovine serum albumin by spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 103:114-119. [PMID: 23257337 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Binding mechanism of luteolin (LUT) and hesperetin (HES) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at 288,298,310K and pH=7.40 by UV absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Under simulated physiological conditions, the fluorescence data indicated that hesperetin binding to BSA mainly occurs through a static mechanism. In contrast, binding of luteolin to BSA is a combined quenching process while static quenching is prevailing. Linear interval of the Stern-Volmer plot of LUT-BSA for the concentration ratio of LUT to BSA ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 was obtained. The thermodynamic parameters obtained from the Van't Hoff equation indicated that electrostatic force was the predominant force in the LUT-BSA and HES-BSA complex. The inner filter effect was eliminated to get accurate data. The conformational changes of BSA caused by LUT and HES were observed in the UV absorption. Results of fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence showed that degree of luteolin-BSA quenching was higher than hesperetin-BSA quenching, which indicated that the 4'-hydroxide radical was more helpful to the ligand binding to proteins than 4'-methoxyl group for flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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Hesperetin: an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:390-5. [PMID: 23153811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a previously unknown function of the natural compound, hesperetin. Here, we demonstrate that this small molecular agent is able to inhibit the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Single-molecule force measurements and single-molecule fluorescence imaging show that hesperetin interferes with ligand-receptor interactions. Furthermore, by Western blot analysis, it was confirmed that hesperetin also inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad3, a down-stream target of the TGF-β pathway. In addition we demonstrated that this compound hinders TGF-β1-induced cancer cell migration and invasion. These results suggest a potential future application for hesperetin as a TGF-β inhibitor in cancer therapy.
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Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas G. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: new insights in the diagnosis and therapy. Endocrine 2012; 41:40-52. [PMID: 22124940 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are relatively rare and heterogenous malignancies. Recent advances in histopathological classification according to the anatomical site of origin, proliferation rate, and extend of the disease have created a valid and powerful tool for the prognostic stratification of GEP-NETs. Chromogranin A is still the best available marker used for the biochemical confirmation of these tumors, but new more sensitive markers are urgently required. Although scintigraphy with (111)In-octreotide has widely been applied for the localization and staging of GEP-NETs, newer imaging modalities based on the functional characteristics of these tumors are evolving aiming not only to facilitate the diagnosis but also prognosis and evaluation of treatment. Somatostatin receptors are the primary therapeutic targets through somatostatin analogs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) producing symptomatic, biochemical and to a lesser extent antiproliferative effects. Due to the relatively limited and erratic response to chemotherapy, new molecular targeted therapies exploiting some of the biological properties of GEP-NETs such as increased vascularity and inhibition of pathways involved in downstream signal transduction have evolved. Some of these therapies, the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib, have been recently validated in phase III studies producing practice changing outcomes. In addition, two oral chemotherapeutic agents temozolomide and capecitabine, show promising effects and may replace streptozotocin-based regimens whereas combination therapies with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab are being investigated. Although progression free survival is used as a feasible primary end point due to the long survival of patients even in the presence of extensive disease prolongation of overall survival following the introduction of new therapies needs to be established.
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Si YX, Wang ZJ, Park D, Chung HY, Wang SF, Yan L, Yang JM, Qian GY, Yin SJ, Park YD. Effect of hesperetin on tyrosinase: Inhibition kinetics integrated computational simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:257-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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