1
|
Dourdin TS, Berthelin C, Guyomard K, Morin A, Morandi N, Elie N, Villain-Naud N, Rivière G, Sussarellu R. The Pacific oyster reproduction is affected by early-life exposure to environmental pesticide mixture: A multigenerational study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173569. [PMID: 38810751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides threat marine organisms worldwide. Among them, the Pacific oyster is a bivalve mollusc model in marine ecotoxicology. A large body of literature already stated on the multiple-scale effects pesticides can trigger in the Pacific oyster, throughout its life cycle and in a delayed manner. In particular, reproductive toxicity is of major concern because of its influence on population dynamics. However, past studies mostly investigated pesticide reprotoxicity as a direct effect of exposure during gametogenesis or directly on gametes and little is known about the influence of an early embryo exposure on the breed capacity. Therefore, we studied delayed and multigenerational consequences through gametogenesis features (i.e. sex ratio, glycogen content, gene expression) and reproductive success in two consecutive oyster generations (F0 and F1) exposed to an environmentally-relevant pesticide mixture (sum nominal concentration: 2.85 μg.L-1) during embryo-larval development (0-48 h post fertilization, hpf). In the first generation, glycogen content increased in exposed individuals and the expression of some gametogenesis target genes was modified. The reproductive success measured 48 hpf was higher in exposed individuals. A multigenerational influence was observed in the second generation, with feminisation, acceleration of gametogenesis processes and the sex-specific modification of glycogen metabolism in individuals from exposed parents. This study is the first to highlight the delayed effects on reproduction induced by an early exposure to pesticides, and its multigenerational implications in the Pacific oyster. It suggests that environmental pesticide contamination can have impacts on the recruitment and the dynamics of natural oyster populations exposed during their embryo-larval phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sol Dourdin
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000, France
| | - Clothilde Berthelin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Killian Guyomard
- Ifremer, EMMA Plateforme Expérimentale Mollusques Marins Atlantique, F-85230, France
| | - Alicia Morin
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000, France
| | - Nathan Morandi
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Université de Caen Normandie, Structure Federative 4207 'Normandie Oncologie', PLATON Services Unit, Virtual'His, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Nadège Villain-Naud
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oestreicher N, Bourdineaud JP, Vélot C. Mutagenic effects of a commercial glyphosate-based herbicide formulation on the soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans depending on the mode of exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503708. [PMID: 37973298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most used pesticides worldwide. This widespread dissemination raises the question of non-target effects on a wide range of organisms, including soil micro-organisms. Despite a large body of scientific studies reporting the harmful effects of GBHs, the health and environmental safety of glyphosate and its commercial formulations remains controversial. In particular, contradictory results have been obtained on the possible genotoxicity of these herbicides depending on the organisms or biological systems tested, the modes and durations of exposure and the sensitivity of the detection technique used. We previously showed that the well-characterized soil filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was highly affected by a commercial GBH formulation containing 450 g/L of glyphosate (R450), even when used at doses far below the agricultural application rate. In the present study, we analysed the possible mutagenicity of R450 in A. nidulans by screening for specific mutants after different modes of exposure to the herbicide. R450 was found to exert a mutagenic effect only after repeated exposure during growth on agar-medium, and depending on the metabolic status of the tested strain. The nature of some mutants and their ability to tolerate the herbicide better than did the wild-type strain suggested that their emergence may reflect an adaptive response of the fungus to offset the herbicide effects. The use of a non-selective molecular approach, the quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-qPCR), showed that R450 could also exert a mutagenic effect after a one-shot overnight exposure during growth in liquid culture. However, this effect was subtle and no longer detectable when the fungus had previously been repeatedly exposed to the herbicide on a solid medium. This indicated an elevation of the sensitivity threshold of A. nidulans to the R450 mutagenicity, and thus confirmed the adaptive capacity of the fungus to the herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oestreicher
- Laboratory VEAC, University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Sciences, Bât. 350, Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, Laboratory of Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Vélot
- Laboratory VEAC, University Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Sciences, Bât. 350, Avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Munaron D, Mérigot B, Derolez V, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Fiandrino A. Evaluating pesticide mixture risks in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161303. [PMID: 36592913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To assess the risk of pesticide mixtures in lagoon waters, this study adopted a multi-step approach using integrative passive samplers (POCIS) and concentration addition (CA) toxicological models. Two French Mediterranean lagoons (Thau and Or) were monitored for a range of 68 pesticides continuously over a period of a year (2015-16). The findings revealed mixtures of dissolved pesticides with varying composition and levels over the year. The Or site contained more pesticides than Thau site (37 vs 28 different substances), at higher concentrations (0.1-58.6 ng.L-1 at Or vs <0.1-9.9 at Thau) and with overall higher detection frequencies. All samples showed a potential chronic toxicity risk, depending on the composition and concentrations of co-occurring pesticides. In 74 % of the samples, this pesticide risk was driven by a few single substances (ametryn, atrazine, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, chlorotoluron, irgarol, diuron and metolachlor) and certain transformation products (e.g. DPMU and metolachlor OA/ESA). Individually, these were a threat for the three taxa studied (phytoplankton, crustaceans and fish). Yet even a drastic reduction of these drivers alone (up to 5 % of their current concentration) would not eliminate the toxicity risks in 56 % of the Or Lagoon samples, due to pesticide mixtures. The two CA-based approaches used to assess the combined effect of these mixtures, determined chronic potential negative impacts for both lagoons, while no acute risk was highlighted. This risk was seasonal, indicating the importance of monitoring in key periods (summer, winter and spring) to get a more realistic picture of the pesticide threat in lagoon waters. These findings suggest that it is crucial to review the current EU Water Framework Directive's risk-assessment method, as it may incorrectly determine pesticide risk in lagoons.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ziani K, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Mititelu M, Neacșu SM, Negrei C, Moroșan E, Drăgănescu D, Preda OT. Microplastics: A Real Global Threat for Environment and Food Safety: A State of the Art Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:617. [PMID: 36771324 PMCID: PMC9920460 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are small plastic particles that come from the degradation of plastics, ubiquitous in nature and therefore affect both wildlife and humans. They have been detected in many marine species, but also in drinking water and in numerous foods, such as salt, honey and marine organisms. Exposure to microplastics can also occur through inhaled air. Data from animal studies have shown that once absorbed, plastic micro- and nanoparticles can distribute to the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys and even the brain (crosses the blood-brain barrier). In addition, microplastics are transport operators of persistent organic pollutants or heavy metals from invertebrate organisms to other higher trophic levels. After ingestion, the additives and monomers in their composition can interfere with important biological processes in the human body and can cause disruption of the endocrine, immune system; can have a negative impact on mobility, reproduction and development; and can cause carcinogenesis. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has affected not only human health and national economies but also the environment, due to the large volume of waste in the form of discarded personal protective equipment. The remarkable increase in global use of face masks, which mainly contain polypropylene, and poor waste management have led to worsening microplastic pollution, and the long-term consequences can be extremely devastating if urgent action is not taken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ziani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Moroșan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olivia-Teodora Preda
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chelomin VP, Slobodskova VV, Kukla SP, Zhuravel EV, Chernyaev AP. Genotoxic Effects of Exposure to Water-Soluble Fraction of Diesel Fuel in Sand Dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis Gametes. TOXICS 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 36668755 PMCID: PMC9860749 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of marine areas with oil and oil products is steadily growing. As part of this connection, the study of the impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine hydrobionts is an urgent issue of modern ecotoxicology. In our study, the genotoxic effect of the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel at different concentrations on the gametes of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was evaluated. It was shown that during the incubation of sperm and eggs of a sand dollar in WAF with an oil hydrocarbon content of 1.32; 2.64; 5.37; 7.92 mg/L caused the destruction of the DNA molecule to varying degrees in both types of gametes. In addition, it has been shown that with an increase in the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in WAF, a large number of cells with a high level of DNA damage appear. The success of fertilization after exposure of gametes to a water-soluble extract of petroleum hydrocarbons was also evaluated. The relationship between an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in the tested solutions and a decrease in the level of fertilization is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pavlovich Chelomin
- Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Petrovich Kukla
- Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena Vladimirovna Zhuravel
- International UNESCO Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Pavlovich Chernyaev
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaaied S, Oliveira M, Barreto A, Zakhama A, Banni M. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) affects DNA integrity and retina structure in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85402-85412. [PMID: 35794326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the potential risk of herbicides in non-target organisms is a crucial issue for environmental safety. 2,4-D is an herbicide of high environmental relevance that has been shown to exert toxic effects to soil and aquatic biota. In the present study, we investigated the possible genotoxic and retinal development effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide in early life stages zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring DNA damage using the comet assay and also by the mRNA expression of genes implicated in apoptosis and/or DNA repair. Retinal development toxicity was evaluated with histological approach. The results obtained revealed that 2,4-D alters DNA integrity of zebrafish larvae. Moreover, transcriptomic data showed a significant induction of p-53 and casp-3 genes and a significant decrease of lig-4 in larvae exposed to the highest tested concentration of 2,4-D (0.8 mg/L). This suggested that p-53 gene regulates the process of DNA repair and apoptosis with increased levels of 2,4-D. The histopathological analysis revealed that early exposure to 2,4-D damaged the structure of larvae retina. Overall, this study is the first to report the DNA damage, casp-3, lig-4 and p-53 regulation, as well as the ocular developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae at environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,4-D herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaaied
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology "LR02AGR21", ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Abdelfattah Zakhama
- Department of Pathology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology "LR02AGR21", ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kukla SP, Chelomin VP, Mazur AA, Slobodskova VV. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage in Sand Dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis Sperm. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070348. [PMID: 35878253 PMCID: PMC9318529 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Products containing nanomaterials are becoming more and more common in everyday life. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), meanwhile, are among the most widely used NPs. However, their genotoxic effect on the germ products of marine organisms is poorly understood. Therefore, the effects of ZnO NPs and zinc ions (20, 50, 100, 200 µg/L) on the sperm of sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis were compared. Comet assay showed that both tested pollutants caused an increase in DNA damage to 6.57 ± 2.41 and 7.42 ± 0.88% DNA in the comet tail, for zinc ions and ZnO NPs, respectively. Additionally, a different pattern was shown by the increase in DNA damage, with increasing concentration of pollutants, in different experimental groups.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mauro M, Cammilleri G, Celi M, Cicero A, Arizza V, Ferrantelli V, Vazzana M. Effects of diclofenac on the gametes and embryonic development of Arbacia lixula. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2059582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mauro
- Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e, Palermo, Italia
| | - G. Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italia
| | - M. Celi
- Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e, Palermo, Italia
| | - A. Cicero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italia
| | - V. Arizza
- Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e, Palermo, Italia
| | - V. Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italia
| | - M. Vazzana
- Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e, Palermo, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tallec K, Huvet A, Yeuc'h V, Le Goïc N, Paul-Pont I. Chemical effects of different types of rubber-based products on early life stages of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127883. [PMID: 34863561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rubber products and debris with specific chemical signatures can release their constitutive compounds into the surrounding environment. We investigated the chemical toxicity of different types of new and used rubber products (tires, crumb rubber granulates, aquaculture rubber bands) on early life stages of a model marine organism, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Leachates obtained from used products were generally less toxic than those from new ones. Leachates from new products induced embryotoxicity at different concentrations: oyster-farming rubber bands (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC = 1 g L-1) and crumb rubber granulates (LOEC = 1 g L-1) > tires (LOEC = 10 g L-1). Moreover, new oyster-farming rubber bands induced spermiotoxicity at 10 g L-1 (-29% survival) resulting in decreased oyster reproductive output (-17% fertilization yield). Targeted chemical analyses revealed some compounds (2 mineral contaminants, 15 PAHs, 2 PCBs) in leachates, which may have played a role. Rubber used in marine aquaculture (rubber bands) or present at sea as waste (tire, crumb rubber granulates) therefore release hazardous chemical molecules under realistic conditions, which may affect oyster development. Aquaculture development work is necessary to improve practices for eco-safety, as efforts to limit the contamination of marine environments by terrestrial rubber debris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Valérie Yeuc'h
- LABOCEA, 120 avenue de Rochon, CS10052, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031303. [PMID: 35162326 PMCID: PMC8834893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive health is progressively declining due to multiples endogenous and exogenous factors, such as environmental contaminants, diet and behavior. Accumulated evidences confirm that fertility and reproductive function have been adversely affected by exposure to chemical contaminants released in the environment. Today, the impact of diet and behavior on reproductive processes is also receiving special attention from the scientific community. Indeed, a close relationship between diet and fertility has been proven. Furthermore, a combination of unhealthy behavior, such as exposure to hazardous compounds and stress factors, poses living organisms at higher risk of reprotoxic effects. In particular, it has been described that poor life behaviors are associated with reduced male and female fertility due to decreased gamete quality and function. Most of the erroneous behaviors are, furthermore, a source of oxidative stress that, leading to epigenetic alterations, results in an impaired reproductive fitness. This review reports the detrimental impact of the most common environmental chemical stressors, diet, and behavior on reproductive functionality and success. Although clear evidences are still scarce, reassuring data are provided that a healthy diet and reverting unhealthy lifestyles may be of help to recover physiological reproductive conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bernardi F, Lirola JR, Cestari MM, Bombardelli RA. Effects on reproductive, biochemical and genotoxic parameters of herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103787. [PMID: 34896630 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides 2,4-D, glyphosate and the mixture of both on oxidative stress, genotoxicity and the rates of fertilization, hatching and larval normality in silver catfish. Exposure to glyphosate and the mixture of herbicides significantly decreased the fertilization of oocytes and the hatching of eggs. The different concentrations of 2,4-D and glyphosate, in addition to the mixture of both, did not affect the rates of larval normality, the activity of CAT, GST, LPO, and PCO. SOD activity was not evident in any of the treatments. Exposure to 2,4-D and the mixture of herbicides caused damage to the genetic material of larvae silver catfish. Our results show that although high concentrations of the herbicides were used, changes caused by them were detected in only some of the tested biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Caixa Postal: 91, CEP: 85960-000, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico - Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal: 19031, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico - Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal: 19031, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Robie Allan Bombardelli
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Campus de Toledo, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, CEP: 85903-000, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anjos C, Santos AL, Duarte D, Matias D, Cabrita E. Effect of Trehalose and Sucrose in Post-thaw Quality of Crassostrea angulata Sperm. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749735. [PMID: 34899383 PMCID: PMC8656223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation can be a helpful tool in reproductive management and preservation of biodiversity. However, the freezing methodologies lead to some damage in structure and function of cells that may compromise post-thaw sperm activity. Cryoprotectant supplementation with sugars proved to be a successful strategy to reduce cryodamage in sperm of several species, once allowing to stabilize the plasma membrane constituents. Therefore, this study intends to understand the effects of sugars in the plasma membrane, DNA integrity, and oxidative response during Portuguese oyster sperm cryopreservation. Three cryoprotectants solutions with an initial concentration of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 20% DMSO complemented with 0.9 M trehalose or sucrose in artificial seawater were employed. Sperm samples of mature males were individually collected and diluted 1:10 (v/v) in artificial seawater followed by addition of cryoprotectants [1:1 (v/v)]. Thereafter, sperm was loaded into 0.5 ml straws, maintained at 4°C for 10 min, frozen in a programmable biofreezer at -6°C/min from 0 to -70°C, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed in a 37°C bath for 10 s. Several techniques were performed to evaluate post-thaw quality. Sperm motility and DNA integrity were analyzed by using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software and comet assay. Flow cytometry was employed to determine membrane and acrosome integrity and to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis activity. Lipid peroxidation was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) detection by using spectrophotometry. Sperm antioxidant capacity was evaluated through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Motility was not affected by the extenders containing sugars; these compounds did not reduce the DNA damage. However, both the trehalose and sucrose protected plasma membrane of cells by increasing cell viability and significantly reducing MDA content. The same finding was observed for the ROS, where live cells registered significantly lower levels of ROS in samples cryopreserved with sugars. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher in treatments supplemented with sugars, although not significant. In conclusion, the addition of sugars seems to play an important role in protecting the Crassostrea angulata sperm membrane during cryopreservation, showing potential to improve the post-thaw sperm quality and protect the cells from cryoinjuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Anjos
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere-IPMA, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Domitília Matias
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere-IPMA, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Centre of Marine Sciences-CCMAR, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genotoxicity of Polystyrene (PS) Microspheres in Short-Term Exposure to Gametes of the Sand Dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agassiz, 1864) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution appears to be one of the major environmental problems in the world today, and researchers have been paying special attention to the study of the impact of microplastics on biota. In this article, we studied the short-term effects of polystyrene micro-spheres on genome integrity using the gametes of the Scaphechinus mirabilis sand dollar with the comet assay method. This highly sensitive method allowed us to identify the level of genome damage in both gametes before and after short-term exposure to PS microparticles. It was shown that primary polystyrene microspheres at concentrations of 104, 105, and 106 particles/L had a genotoxic effect during short-term exposure to the sperm of the sand dollar S. mirabilis, which was expressed as a significant increase in sperm DNA damage. The highest percentage of DNA damage (more than 20%) was detected in spermatozoa exposed for 1 h in water containing 105 microspheres of plastic per 1 L. Additionally, at all concentrations of microplastic studied in the experiment, the genetic damage index (GDI) values in spermatozoa exceeded the control level. However, regardless of the level of DNA damage, spermatozoa retained the ability to fertilise eggs with up to 97% efficiency. We must acknowledge that the genotoxic property of microplastic against sperm to some extent predicts the development of long-term adverse effects of environmental significance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ting-Yung K, Jin-Chywan G. Quality assessment of cryopreserved Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) sperm through ultrastructural and flow cytometry analysis. Cryobiology 2021; 104:79-86. [PMID: 34537223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of cryopreservation on the quality of Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) sperm, which were examined before and after freezing; sperm motility, fertilizing capacity, and ultrastructural morphology were analyzed. The motility percentage and fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved sperm (mean ± standard error) were 16% ± 1% and 17% ± 8%, respectively. In the pre-freezing sperm, these were 58% ± 2% and 76% ± 4%, respectively. The sperm sustained substantial morphological and ultrastructural damage during cryopreservation. The morphological changes varied considerably in nature and extent, ranging from no apparent damage to virtual disintegration. Sperm were stained with fluorescent dyes to assess viability, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, acrosomal membrane integrity, oxidation level, and DNA compaction and examined through flow cytometry. The methods used for the flow cytometry assays were slightly modified from those used for evaluating the semen quality of livestock. Relative to the pre-freezing sperm, the frozen-thawed sperm exhibited lower acrosomal membrane integrity (acrosomal damage, 59.86 ± 5.29; P < 0.05) and substantially higher oxidation levels (free radicals, 60.06 ± 0.82; P < 0.003). Oxidation level was found to be the most sensitive indicator of cryodamage. Along with ultrastructural analysis, we used flow cytometry to measure the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Portuguese oyster sperm before and after cryopreservation rapidly, objectively, and accurately. This is the first study to assess the quality of Portuguese oyster sperm through these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Ting-Yung
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo Jin-Chywan
- Department of Aquaculture, Taiwan National Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bringer A, Thomas H, Prunier G, Dubillot E, Clérandeau C, Pageaud M, Cachot J. Toxicity and risk assessment of six widely used pesticides on embryo-larval development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146343. [PMID: 33744579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the toxic effects and the potential risk of widely used agricultural pesticides on the development (malformations and developmental arrest), growth and swimming activity of oyster D-larvae (Crassostrea gigas). Freshly fertilized oyster embryos were exposed for 24 h at 24 °C to different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg.L-1) of six different pesticides: Glyphosate and its commercial solution (Roundup), Isoproturon, Nicosulfuron, Chlortoluron and Boscalid. The six pesticides tested induced a significant increase in larval malformations and developmental arrests. All pesticides except Glyphosate and Isoproturon affected larval growth. Roundup, Nicosulfuron, Chlortoluron and Boscalid also affected the swimming behaviour of the D-larvae, with a significant decrease recorded in their maximum swimming speed. Comparison of the LOEC (Lowest-Observed-Effect Concentration) of each compound led to the following toxicity classification: Boscalid > Chlortoluron = Nicosulfuron > Glyphosate > Roundup > Isoproturon, with respectively LOEC of 0.0028; 0.015; 0.017; 0.11; 0.3 and 0.78 μg.L-1. By comparison of the maximum concentrations in the Pertuis Charentais (South West, France) and LOEC of each pesticide, the following risk scale was obtained: Chlortoluron > Boscalid > Glyphosate > Roundup > Nicosulfuron > Isoproturon. Our results revealed that Chlortoluron, Boscalid and to a lesser extent Glyphosate represent a potential threat to early life stages of oyster living in the Pertuis Charentais marine area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bringer
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Hélène Thomas
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Grégoire Prunier
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Emmanuel Dubillot
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | | | - Marius Pageaud
- Qualyse, 5 allée de l'Océan, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gajski G, Ravlić S, Godschalk R, Collins A, Dusinska M, Brunborg G. Application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in mature sperm. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108398. [PMID: 34893163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA integrity is considered an important parameter of semen quality and is of significant value as a predictor of male fertility. Currently, there are several methods that can assess sperm DNA integrity. One such assay is the comet assay, or single-cell gel electrophoresis, which is a simple, sensitive, reliable, quick and low-cost technique that is used for measuring DNA strand breaks and repair at the level of individual cells. Although the comet assay is usually performed with somatic cells from different organs, the assay has the ability to detect genotoxicity in germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis. Since the ability of sperm to remove DNA damage differs between the stages, interpretation of the results is dependent on the cells used. In this paper we give an overview on the use and applications of the comet assay on mature sperm and its ability to detect sperm DNA damage in both animals and humans. Overall, it can be concluded that the presence in sperm of significantly damaged DNA, assessed by the comet assay, is related to male infertility and seems to reduce live births. Although there is some evidence that sperm DNA damage also has a long-term impact on offspring's health, this aspect of DNA damage in sperm is understudied and deserves further attention. In summary, the comet assay can be applied as a useful tool to study effects of genotoxic exposures on sperm DNA integrity in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanda Ravlić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Collins
- University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castrec J, Fabioux C, Le Goïc N, Boulais M, Soudant P, Hégaret H. The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum affects oyster gamete health and fertilization potential. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105401. [PMID: 34217094 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates from the globally distributed genus Alexandrium are known to produce both paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) and uncharacterized bioactive extracellular compounds (BEC) with allelopathic, ichthyotoxic, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. In France, blooms of Alexandrium minutum appear generally during the spawning period of most bivalves. These blooms could therefore alter gametes and/or larval development of bivalves, causing severe issues for ecologically and economically important species, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (=Magallana) gigas. The aim of this work was to test the effects of three strains of A. minutum producing either only PST, only BEC, or both PST and BEC upon oyster gametes, and potential consequences on fertilization success. Oocytes and spermatozoa were exposed in vitro for 2 h to a range of environmentally realistic A. minutum concentrations (10-2.5 × 104 cells mL-1). Following exposure, gamete viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed by flow cytometry, spermatozoa motility and fertilization capacities of both spermatozoa and oocytes were analysed by microscopy. Viability and fertilization capacity of spermatozoa and oocytes were drastically reduced following exposure to 2.5 × 104 cells mL-1 of A. minutum. The BEC-producing strain was the most potent strain decreasing spermatozoa motility, increasing ROS production of oocytes, and decreasing fertilization, from the concentration of 2.5 × 103 cells mL-1. This study highlights the significant cellular toxicity of the BEC produced by A. minutum on oyster gametes. Physical contact between gametes and motile thecate A. minutum cells may also contribute to alter oyster gamete integrity. These results suggest that oyster gametes exposure to A. minutum blooms could affect oyster fertility and reproduction success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castrec
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
| | | | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Myrina Boulais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | | | - Hélène Hégaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akcha F, Barranger A, Bachère E. Genotoxic and epigenetic effects of diuron in the Pacific oyster: in vitro evidence of interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8266-8280. [PMID: 33052562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has contributed to better knowledge on the occurrence of pesticides in coastal water by identifying frequently detected substances, their concentration range and their acute and chronic toxicity for organisms. Pesticide pollution is of particular concern in France due to important agricultural activities and presence of several exoreic catchment areas that vehicle pesticides up to coastal waters, impacting non-target marine species. Several ecotoxicology questions remain to be addressed concerning the long-term effects of chronic pesticide exposure and the mechanisms involved in adaptation to chemical stress. In the present study, we brought new insights on the genetic and epigenetic effects of the herbicide diuron in oyster genitors. During gametogenesis, we exposed Crassostrea gigas to environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations (0.2-0.3 μg L-1 during two 7-day periods at half-course and end of gametogenesis). Diuron exposure was shown to decrease global DNA methylation and total methyltransferase activity in whole oyster tissue; this is consistent with the previous observation of a significant decrease in DNMT1 gene expression. Diuron effect seemed to be tissue-specific; hypermethylation was detected in the digestive gland, whereas diuron exposure had no effect on gill and gonad tissue. The genotoxicity of diuron was confirmed by the detection of one adduct in gonad DNA. By using in vitro approaches and human DNMT1 (DNMT1 has not been purified yet in bivalves), the presence of DNA lesions (adduct, 8-oxodGuo) was shown to interfere with DNMT1 activity, indicating a complex interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. Based on our results, we propose mechanisms to explain the effect of diuron exposure on DNA methylation, a widespread epigenetic mark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environment, UPVD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 80, 34095, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marçal R, Pacheco M, Guilherme S. DNA of crayfish spermatozoa as a target of waterborne pesticides - An ex vivo approach as a tool to short-term spermiotoxicity screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123300. [PMID: 32947705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The spermiotoxic properties of aquatic contaminants might be the cause of low fertilization rate and decreased prolificacy, affecting the success of the impacted populations. The genotoxic potential of pesticides in spermatozoa as an undesirable effect on non-target organisms, namely aquatic invertebrates with external fertilization, emerges as a key question in ecogenotoxicological research. Thus, this study aimed to clarify if DNA integrity of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) spermatozoa is affected by waterborne pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. By adopting an ex vivo approach, six pesticides were addressed in a short-term assay: herbicides glyphosate (9 and 90 μg L-1) and penoxsulam (2.3 and 23 μg L-1); insecticides dimethoate (2.4 and 24 μg L-1) and imidacloprid (13.1 and 131 μg L-1); fungicides pyrimethanil (2.2 and 22 μg L-1) and imazalil (16 and 160 μg L-1). Genotoxicity was observed in higher concentrations of glyphosate, penoxsulam, dimethoate, pyrimethanil, and imazalil. Imidacloprid was the only pesticide that did not cause non-specific DNA damage, although displaying pro-oxidant properties. Overall, the present study demonstrated the suitability of the ex vivo approach on spermiotoxicity screening, highlighting the potential ecological impact of pesticides on non-target species, such as P. clarkii, compromising sperm DNA integrity and, subsequently, the population success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Marçal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Guilherme
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohamat-Yusuff F, Zulkarnain Z, Anuar NZA, Joni AAM, Kusin FM, Mohamed KN, Zulkeflee Z, Asha'ari ZH, Zulkifli SZ, Arshad A, Ismail A. Impact of Diuron contamination on blood cockles (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus, 1758). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111698. [PMID: 33022498 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the impact of Diuron contamination on blood cockles (Tegillarca granosa) was conducted by combining field screening at three sampling events and a toxicity test. Diuron was extracted using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique and analyzed using HPLC-UV. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of Diuron on T. granosa was tested under a 72-h exposure. Diuron in water samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 3910 ppb, which was the highest concentration detected in samples after the irrigation water was discharged from the paddy plantation. Diuron was not detected in sediment samples. Mortality of T. granosa ranged from 4.74 to 38.33% with the highest percentages recorded after the release of the irrigation water. The LC50 value of Diuron was 1.84 ppm. This study suggests that irrigation water from paddy plantation that drifts to coastal areas containing Diuron harms T. granosa at the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Kemang 6, Batu 7, Teluk Kemang, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Zurfatiha Zulkarnain
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Zatul Amira Anuar
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amirul Azuan Md Joni
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faradiella Mohd Kusin
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Nizam Mohamed
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zufarzaana Zulkeflee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulfa Hanan Asha'ari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Kemang 6, Batu 7, Teluk Kemang, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Kemang 6, Batu 7, Teluk Kemang, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Effects of Glyphosate and Its Commercial Formulations to Marine Invertebrates: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient of numerous commercial formulations of herbicides applied in different sectors, from agriculture to aquaculture. Due to its widespread use around the world, relatively high concentrations of glyphosate have been detected in soil and aquatic environments. The presence of glyphosate in aquatic ecosystems has aroused the attention of researchers because of its potential negative effects on living organisms, both animals and plants. In this context, this review intends to summarize results of studies aimed at evaluating the effects of glyphosate (both as active ingredient and component of commercial formulations) on marine invertebrates. Generally, data obtained in acute toxicity tests indicate that glyphosate and its commercial formulations are lethal at high concentrations (not environmentally realistic), whereas results of long-lasting experiments indicate that glyphosate can markedly affect biological responses of marine invertebrates. Consequently, more efforts should be addressed at evaluating chronic or sub-chronic effects of such substances to marine invertebrate species.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gallo A, Boni R, Tosti E. Gamete quality in a multistressor environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105627. [PMID: 32151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, accumulated evidence confirms that the global environment conditions are changing rapidly. Urban industrialization, agriculture and globalization have generated water, air and soil pollution, giving rise to an environment with a growing number of stress factors, which has a serious impact on the fitness, reproduction and survival of living organisms. The issue raises considerable concern on biodiversity conservation, which is now at risk: it is estimated that a number of species will be extinct in the near future. Sexual reproduction is the process that allows the formation of a new individual and is underpinned by gamete quality defined as the ability of spermatozoa and oocytes to interact during fertilization leading to the creation and development of a normal embryo. This review aimed to provide the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of a broad spectrum of environmental stressors on diverse parameters used to estimate and evaluate gamete quality in humans and in canonical animal models used for experimental research. Effects of metals, biocides, herbicides, nanoparticles, plastics, temperature rise, ocean acidification, air pollution and lifestyle on the physiological parameters that underlie gamete fertilization competence are described supporting the concept that environmental stressors represent a serious hazard to gamete quality with reproductive disorders and living organism failure. Although clear evidence is still limited, gamete capacity to maintain and/or recover physiological conditions is recently demonstrated providing further clues about the plasticity of organisms and their tolerance to the pressures of pollution that may facilitate the reproduction and the persistence of species within the scenario of global change. Changes in the global environment must be urgently placed at the forefront of public attention, with a massive effort invested in further studies aimed towards implementing current knowledge and identifying new methodologies and markers to predict impairment of gamete quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Slaby S, Titran P, Marchand G, Hanotel J, Lescuyer A, Leprêtre A, Bodart JF, Marin M, Lemiere S. Effects of glyphosate and a commercial formulation Roundup® exposures on maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3697-3705. [PMID: 30835066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are often found at high concentrations in small ponds near agricultural field where amphibians are used to live and reproduce. Even if there are many studies on the impacts of phytopharmaceutical active ingredients in amphibian toxicology, only a few are interested in the earlier steps of their life cycle. While their populations are highly threatened with extinction. The aim of this work is to characterize the effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation Roundup® GT Max on the Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation which is an essential preparation for the laying and the fertilization. Glyphosate is an extensively used herbicide, not only known for its effectiveness but also for its indirect impacts on non-target organisms. Our results showed that exposures to both forms of glyphosate delayed this hormone-dependent process and were responsible for spontaneous maturation. Severe and particular morphogenesis abnormalities of the meiotic spindle were also observed. The MAPK pathway and the MPF did not seem to be affected by exposures. The xenopus oocyte is particularly affected by the exposures and appears as a relevant model for assessing the effects of environmental contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Slaby
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, University de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pauline Titran
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Marchand
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Hanotel
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Arlette Lescuyer
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Leprêtre
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-François Bodart
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Marin
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mai H, Cachot J, Clérandeau C, Martin C, Mazzela N, Gonzalez P, Morin B. An environmentally realistic pesticide and copper mixture impacts embryonic development and DNA integrity of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3600-3611. [PMID: 30368696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Frequent occurrences of pesticides in the environment have raised concerns that combined exposure to these chemicals may result in enhanced toxicity through additive or synergistic interaction between compounds. Spermatozoa and embryos of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to different concentrations of a pesticide mixture with and without copper, mimicking the cocktail of pollutants occurring in the oyster culture area of Arcachon Bay. For the 1× exposure condition, measured concentration corresponds to a total concentration of 1.083 μg L-1 for the mixture of 14 pesticides and to 6.330 μg L-1 for copper (Cu). Several endpoints including larval abnormalities, DNA damage to spermatozoa and embryo and gene expression in D-larvae were investigated. Results demonstrated that pesticide mixtures in combination with or without copper induced a dose-dependent increase in embryotoxic and genotoxic effects on D-larvae from the lowest tested dose of 0.1×. Transcription of genes involved in anti-oxidative stress (cat), respiratory chain (coxI), metal detoxification (mt1 and mt2), and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (p53) was found to be significantly downregulated while the xenobiotic biotransformation gene gst was significantly upregulated in embryos exposed to pesticide mixture with and without Cu. These findings raise the question of the possible impacts of mixtures of pesticides and metals on wild or farmed oyster populations from polluted coastal marine areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Mai
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Revel M, Châtel A, Perrein-Ettajani H, Bruneau M, Akcha F, Sussarellu R, Rouxel J, Costil K, Decottignies P, Cognie B, Lagarde F, Mouneyrac C. Realistic environmental exposure to microplastics does not induce biological effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110627. [PMID: 31655301 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and potential toxic effects of plastic fragments (<400 μm) of polyethylene and polypropylene on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oysters were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.008, 10, 100 μg of particles/L) during 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 10 days in clean seawater. Effects of microplastics were evaluated on the clearance rate of organisms, tissue alteration, antioxidant defense, immune alteration and DNA damage. Detection and quantification of microplastics in oyster's tissues (digestive gland, gills and other tissues) and biodeposits using infrared microscopy were also conducted. Microplastics were detected in oyster's biodeposits following exposure to all tested concentrations: 0.003, 0.006 and 0.05 particles/mg of biodeposits in oysters exposed to 0.008, 10 and 100 μg of particles/L, respectively. No significant modulation of biological markers was measured in organisms exposed to microplastics in environmentally relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France.
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Hanane Perrein-Ettajani
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Mélanie Bruneau
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, SFR ICORE, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Priscilla Decottignies
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bruno Cognie
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Viana JLM, Dos Santos SRV, Dos Santos Franco TCR, Almeida MAP. Occurrence and partitioning of antifouling booster biocides in sediments and porewaters from Brazilian Northeast. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:112988. [PMID: 31541816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fouling organisms attach and grow on submerged surfaces causing several economic losses. Thus, biocides have been introduced in antifouling paints in order to avoid this phenomenon, but their widespread use became a global problem, mainly in ports, leisure and fishing boat harbors, since these substances can be highly toxic to non-target organisms. The occurrence and environmental behavior of antifouling biocides are especially unknown in some peculiar regions, such as Amazon areas. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate, for the first time, levels and the partitioning behavior of the antifouling organic biocides irgarol, diuron and also stable degradation products of dichlofluanid and diuron (DMSA and DCPMU, respectively) in sediments and porewaters from a high boat traffic area located in the Northeast of Brazil, a pre-Amazon region. Our results showed high concentrations of irgarol (<1.0-89.7 μg kg-1) and diuron (<5.0-55.2 μg kg-1) in sediments. In porewater, DCPMU (<0.03-0.67 μg L-1) and DMSA (<0.008-0.263 μg L-1) were the mainly substances detected. High Kd and Koc obtained for both irgarol and diuron showed a partitioning preference in the solid phase. This work represents one of the few registers of contamination by antifouling substances in Amazonian areas, despite their environmental relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Martins Viana
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sara Raiane Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ecotoxicologia (LAEC), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. Dos Portugueses, 1966, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moon YS, Kim M, Hong CP, Kang JH, Jung JH. Overlapping and unique toxic effects of three alternative antifouling biocides (Diuron, Irgarol 1051 ®, Sea-Nine 211 ®) on non-target marine fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:23-32. [PMID: 31059904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of alternative biocides has increased due to their economic and ecological relevance. Although data regarding the toxicity of commercial alternative biocides in marine organisms are accumulating, little is known about their toxic pathways or mechanisms. To compare the toxic effects of commercial alternative biocides on non-target pelagic fish (flounder) embryos, we investigated the adverse effects of developmental malformation and transcriptional changes. Three biocides including Diuron, Irgarol 1051® and Sea-Nine 211® produced a largely overlapping suite of developmental malformations, including tail-fin fold defects and dorsal body axis curvature. In our test, the potencies of these biocides were ranked in the following order with respect to malformation and mortalities: Sea-Nine 211® > Irgarol 1051® > Diuron. Consistent with the toxicity rankings, the expression of genes related to heart formation was greater in embryonic flounder exposed to Sea-Nine 211® than in those exposed to Irgarol 1051® or Diuron, while expression of genes related to fin malformation was greater in the Irgarol 1051® exposure group. In analyses of differential gene expression (DEG) profiles (fold change of genes with a cutoff P < 0.05) by high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq), genes associated with nervous system development, transmembrane transport activity, and muscle cell development were significantly changed commonly. Embryos exposed to Diuron showed changes related to cellular protein localization, whereas genes associated with immune system processes were up-regulated significantly in embryos exposed to Irgarol 1051®. Genes related to actin filament organization and embryonic morphogenesis were up-regulated in embryos exposed to Sea-Nine 211®. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of the overlapping and unique developmental toxic effects of three commercial booster biocides through transcriptomic analyses in a non-target species, embryonic flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Moon
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute Inc., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kang
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gaaied S, Oliveira M, Le Bihanic F, Cachot J, Banni M. Gene expression patterns and related enzymatic activities of detoxification and oxidative stress systems in zebrafish larvae exposed to the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:289-297. [PMID: 30825855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effects of 2,4-D herbicide on biotransformation and oxidative stress status of zebrafish larvae. Animals were exposed to a range of sublethal concentrations (0.02-0.8 mg/L) and biomarkers at transcriptomic level and biochemical level were assessed. Chemical analysis with showed that the bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. This herbicide induced significant effects at both gene expression and enzymatic activities levels after at 96 hpf. Results of mRNA expression showed a differential transcription regulation with all target genes depending on the tested concentrations. The mRNA level of gsr and cyp1a were up regulated at the highest dose of herbicide (0.8 mg/L). The gene expression of gstp1 showed an up regulation at lower dose (0.02 mg/L) and a down regulation at the highest dose (0.8 mg/L) of 2,4-D. A significant induction of EROD activity and inhibition of GST activity were noted in groups exposed to 0.8 mg/L of 2,4-D. Considering the antioxidant defenses, the activity of CAT was increased in larvae exposed to 0.8 mg/L of herbicide and GPx activity was induced at lower doses of 2,4-D (0.02 and 0.051 mg/L). Moreover, peroxidative damage, assessed as MDA content, was markedly increased in larvae exposed to high 2,4-D concentration. Overall, the present study data indicate that bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae and alterations in detoxification and oxidative stress related parameters, likely associated with ROS production, which may endanger the embryo-larval stages development of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaaied
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- University Bordeaux, Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University Bordeaux, Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kao CM, Ou WJ, Lin HD, Eva AW, Wang TL, Chen SC. Toxicity of diuron in HepG2 cells and zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:432-438. [PMID: 30735975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is an herbicide, which is used to control a wide variety of annual and perennial broadleaf, grassy weeds, and mosses. However, the toxicity of diuron in HepG2 cells and zebrafish embryos was unclear. In this study, HpeG2 cells and zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of diuron for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Results reveal the diuron caused cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated HepG2 cells. The effects of diuron on the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2), an antioxidant enzyme, were investigated. Results showed that only SOD1 was significantly induced after treated diuron 48 h, but the expression of catalase and SOD2 was unaffected. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of diuron was not attenuated in cells pretreated with of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, indicating that oxidative stress could not contribute to cellular death in the treated HepG2 cells. In zebrafish embryos, results from proteomic analysis show that 332 differentially upregulated proteins and 199 down-regulated proteins were detected in the treated embryos (P < 0.05). In addition to the up-regulated antioxidant proteins (prdx3, cat, prdx4, txnrd1, prdx1, sod1, prdx2, and sod2), some decreased proteins were related to cytoskeleton formation, tight junction, and gap junction, which could be related to the malformation of the treated zebrafish embryos. In summary, diuron caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and the mechanisms of toxicity in zebrafish were addressed using the proteomic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Ou
- Hematology-Oncology Section, LANDSEED Hospital, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Dao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Ari Wahyuni Eva
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mathematics and Science Education, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Ssu Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boukadida K, Cachot J, Morin B, Clerandeau C, Banni M. Moderate temperature elevation increase susceptibility of early-life stage of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis to metal-induced genotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:351-360. [PMID: 30716625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of copper and silver alone or along with a moderate temperature increase on embryonic development, DNA integrity and target gene expression levels in early life stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis. For this purpose, upon fertilized embryos were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of Cu (9.54 μg/L), Ag (2.55 μg/L) and to the mixture of the two metals (Cu (6.67 μg/L) + Ag (1.47 μg/L)) along with a temperature gradient (18, 20 and 22 °C). In all experiments, larvae were exposed to stressors for 48 h except for those designed to DNA damage analysis exposed only for 24 h (before shell formation).Our results showed a significant increase in the percentage of malformed D-larvae (p < 0.05) with increasing temperature and exposure to silver and copper alone or in a mixture. Moreover, metal toxicity increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the temperature rise. Genotoxicity was evaluated using classic and modified with Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) Comet assay. Results suggest that co-exposure to metals and temperature significantly increased DNA damage on mussel larvae with a more accentuated oxidative damage. A significant transcription modulation was observed for genes involved in DNA repair and DNA replication (p53, DNA ligase II and topoisomerase II) when larvae are exposed to a single stressor. However, in the case of multiple stresses, caspase involved in the cell apoptosis pathway was overexpressed. Our study suggests that mussel larvae exposed to a moderate increase in temperature may have a compromised ability to defend against genotoxicity. This is particularly relevant in the context of global warming and thermal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Boukadida
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christelle Clerandeau
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shao Y, Hollert H, Tarcai Z, Deutschmann B, Seiler TB. Integrating bioassays, chemical analysis and in silico techniques to identify genotoxicants in surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:3084-3092. [PMID: 30373085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of hazardous compounds, as the first step of water protection and regulation, is still challenged by the difficulty to establish a linkage between toxic effects and suspected contaminants. Genotoxic compounds are one type of highly relevant toxicants in surface water, which may attack the DNA and lead to cancer in individual organism, or even damaged germ cells to be passed on to future generations. Thus, the establishment of a linkage between genotoxic effects and genotoxicant is important for environmental toxicologists and chemists. For this purpose, in the present study in silico methods were integrated with bioassays, chemical analysis and literature information to identify genotoxicants in surface water. Large volume water samples from 22 sampling sites of the Danube were collected and subjected to biological and chemical analysis. Samples from the most toxic sites (JDS32, JDS44 and JDS63) induced significant genotoxic effects in the micronucleus assay, and two of them caused mutagenicity in the Ames fluctuation assay. Chemical analysis showed that 68 chemicals were detected in these most toxic samples. Literature findings and in silico techniques using the OECD QSAR Toolbox and the ChemProp software package revealed genotoxic potentials for 29 compounds out of 68 targeted chemicals. To confirm the integrative technical data, the micronucleus assay and the Ames fluctuation assay were applied with artificial mixtures of those compounds and the raw water sample extracts. The results showed that 18 chemicals explained 48.5% of the genotoxicity in the micronucleus assay. This study highlights the capability of in silico techniques in linking adverse biological effect to suspicious hazardous compounds for the identification of toxicity drivers, and demonstrates the genotoxic potential of pollutants in the Danube.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400044 Chongqing, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 20092 Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zsolt Tarcai
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio. V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Silveira T, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, Domingues WB, Remião M, Santos L, Barreto B, Lessa I, Martins D, Boyle RT, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Roundup® Herbicide Decreases Quality Parameters of Spermatozoa of Silversides Odontesthes Humensis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:1-6. [PMID: 30511085 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The silverside (Odontesthes humensis) is a very interesting model for toxicological studies due its high sensitivity and need for good water quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Roundup on spermatozoa of O. humensis, after acute exposure. The fish were exposed to 0 and 7.8 mg L-1 (a.e.) of glyphosate, respectively. Through computer-assisted sperm analysis, a significant decrease in concentration, total and progressive motility, average path distance, straight line distance, path average velocity, curved line velocity, straight line velocity linearity, wobble, amplitude of lateral head displacement, cross beat frequency, and motility period of silverside spermatozoa exposed to Roundup was observed. Also, increase in membrane fluidity, ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the mitochondrial functionality was observed in spermatozoa of Roundup exposed silversides. It was demonstrated that Roundup exposure in a concentration that can be achieve in natural water bodies soon after its application in fields is able to cause losses in several sperm quality parameters, consequently decreasing the fertilization potential of O. humensis spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Silveira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - William B Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Remião
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barreto
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lessa
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Martins
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert T Boyle
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Robaldo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guidi P, Lyons BP, Frenzilli G. The Comet Assay in Marine Animals. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2031:275-286. [PMID: 31473965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9646-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Comet assay is a quick and versatile technique for assessing DNA damage in individual cells. It allows for the detection of DNA single- and double-strand breaks, as well as the presence of alkali labile sites and cross-links. Here we describe protocols for the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) in its alkaline (pH > 13), mild alkaline (pH = 12.1) and neutral (pH = 8) versions when applied in marine animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Guidi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tallec K, Huvet A, Di Poi C, González-Fernández C, Lambert C, Petton B, Le Goïc N, Berchel M, Soudant P, Paul-Pont I. Nanoplastics impaired oyster free living stages, gametes and embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1226-1235. [PMID: 30118910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, most bivalve species base their reproduction on external fertilization. Hence, gametes and young stages face many threats, including exposure to plastic wastes which represent more than 80% of the debris in the oceans. Recently, evidence has been produced on the presence of nanoplastics in oceans, thus motivating new studies of their impacts on marine life. Because no information is available about their environmental concentrations, we performed dose-response exposure experiments with polystyrene particles to assess the extent of micro/nanoplastic toxicity. Effects of polystyrene with different sizes and functionalizations (plain 2-μm, 500-nm and 50-nm; COOH-50 nm and NH2-50 nm) were assessed on three key reproductive steps (fertilization, embryogenesis and metamorphosis) of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Nanoplastics induced a significant decrease in fertilization success and in embryo-larval development with numerous malformations up to total developmental arrest. The NH2-50 beads had the strongest toxicity to both gametes (EC50 = 4.9 μg/mL) and embryos (EC50 = 0.15 μg/mL), showing functionalization-dependent toxicity. No effects of plain microplastics were recorded. These results highlight that exposures to nanoplastics may have deleterious effects on planktonic stages of oysters, presumably interacting with biological membranes and causing cyto/genotoxicity with potentially drastic consequences for their reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carole Di Poi
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Université de Brest, Université Européenne de Bretagne, CNRS UMR 6521, CEMCA, IFR 148 ScInBios, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stefani F, Casatta N, Ferrarin C, Izzotti A, Maicu F, Viganò L. Gene expression and genotoxicity in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) modulated by sediment contamination and lagoon dynamics in the Po river delta. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:257-274. [PMID: 30389237 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lagoons of the Po River delta are potentially exposed to complex mixtures of contaminants, nevertheless, there is a substantial lack of information about the biological effects of these contaminants in the Po delta lagoons. These environments are highly dynamic and the interactions between chemical and environmental stressors could prevent the proper identification of biological effects and their causes. In this study, we aimed to disentangle such interactions focusing on Manila clams, previously exposed to six lagoons of the Po delta, adopting three complementary tools: a) the detailed description via modelling techniques of lagoon dynamics for salinity and water temperature; b) the response sensitivity of a number of target genes (ahr, cyp4, ρ-gst, σ-gst, hsp22, hsp70, hsp90, ikb, dbh, ach, cat, Mn-sod, Cu/Zn-sod, cyp-a, flp, grx, TrxP) investigated in clam digestive glands by Real Time PCR; and c) the relevance of DNA adducts determined in clams as markers of exposure to genotoxic chemicals. The lagoons showed specific dynamics, and two of them (Marinetta and Canarin) could induce osmotic stress. A group of genes (ahr, cyp4, Mn-sod, σ-gst, hsp-22, cyp-a, TrxP) seemed to be associated with overall lagoon characteristics as may be described by salinity and its variations. Lagoon modelling and a second group of genes (hsp70, hsp90, cat, ikb, ach, grx, Cu/Zn-sod) also suggested that moderate increases of river discharge may imply worse exposure conditions. Oxidative stress seemed to be associated with such events but it was slightly evident also under normal exposure conditions. DNA adduct formation was mainly associated with overwhelmed antioxidant defences (e.g. low Cu/Zn-sod) or seemingly with their lack of response in due time. In Po delta lagoons, Manila clam can be affected by chemical and environmental factors which can contribute to induce oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation and, ultimately, to affect clam condition and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Stefani
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Nadia Casatta
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Christian Ferrarin
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR - Marine Sciences Institute in Venice, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Maicu
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR - Marine Sciences Institute in Venice, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Luigi Viganò
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gallo A, Manfra L, Boni R, Rotini A, Migliore L, Tosti E. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles in sea urchin spermatozoa through oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:325-333. [PMID: 29960187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are extensively used in various industrial and commercial applications. Despite their wide application may lead to the contamination of marine ecosystem, their potential environmental effects remain to be determined. Toxicity assessment studies have primarily focused on investigating the effects of CuO NPs on fertilization success and embryo development of different sea urchin species while the impact on sperm quality have never been assessed. In this line, this study aims to assess the effects of CuO NPs on the spermatozoa of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. After sperm exposure to CuO NPs, biomarkers of sperm viability, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as well as morphology were evaluated. Results showed that CuO NPs exposure decreased sperm viability, impaired mitochondrial activity and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, CuO NPs exposure caused DNA damage and morphological alterations. Together with the antioxidant rescue experiments, these results suggest that oxidative stress is the main driver of CuO NP spermiotoxic effects. The mechanism of toxicity is here proposed: the spontaneous generation of ROS induced by CuO NPs and the disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain lead to production of ROS that, in turn, induce lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and result in defective spermatozoa up to induce sperm cytotoxicity. Investigating the effects of CuO NPs on sea urchin spermatozoa, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of reproductive toxicity induced by CuO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Loredana Manfra
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 75100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Alice Rotini
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Transplacental transfer and metabolism of diuron in human placenta. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:307-313. [PMID: 30010034 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diuron is a broad-spectrum phenylurea derived herbicide which is commonly used across the globe. Diuron is toxic to the reproductive system of animals and carcinogenic to rat urothelium, and recently found to be genotoxic in human cells. In in vivo, it is metabolized predominately into 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea (DCPMU) in humans and 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)urea (DCPU) in animals. Information on diuron toxicokinetics and related toxicity in human placenta is absent. We have investigated the toxicokinetics of diuron in ex vivo human placental perfusion and in in vitro human placental microsomes and human trophoblastic cancer cells (BeWo). Diuron crossed human placenta readily in placental perfusion. Furthermore, diuron was metabolized into DCPMU in perfused placenta and in in vitro incubations using microsomes from placentas of smokers. In incubations with placental microsomes from non-smokers, and in BeWo cells, metabolism to DCPMU was detected but only with the highest used diuron concentration (100 μM). Diuron metabolism was inhibited upon addition of α-naphthoflavone, a CYP1A1 inhibitor, underscoring the role of CYP1A1 in the metabolism. In conclusion, it is evident that diuron crosses human placenta and diuron can be metabolized in the placenta to a toxic metabolite via CYP1A1. This implicates in vivo fetal exposure to diuron if pregnant women are exposed to diuron, which may result in fetotoxicity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Erraud A, Bonnard M, Duflot A, Geffard A, Danger JM, Forget-Leray J, Xuereb B. Assessment of sperm quality in palaemonid prawns using Comet assay: methodological optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11226-11237. [PMID: 28326483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt the Comet assay in spermatozoa of the marine prawn Palaemon serratus to use it as a marker of sperm quality. Indeed, due to the characteristics of their spermatozoa, the measurement of DNA integrity is one of the few markers which can be transferred to crustaceans to assess the quality of their semen. In the first step, the methods of collecting and maintaining spermatozoa were optimized. Cell survival was estimated during kinetics of preservation (i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 8 h) in various suspension media to define artificial seawater (ASW) as optimal. Several methods in the releasing of spermatozoa from the spermatophore of prawns were estimated with regard to their incidence both on the efficiency of extraction and the survival of cells. Pipetting up and down turned out to be the most successful and the least invasive technique. Secondly, the transfer of Comet assay was optimized by studying various times in both cell lysis (i.e. 1, 6, 18 h) and DNA denaturation (i.e. 15, 30 and 45 min), after in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to an H2O2 gradient as model genotoxicant. Results revealed that a minimum of 1 h in cell lysis and 15 min of DNA denaturation were sufficient to obtain valuable results, linked with a low compaction of DNA in spermatozoa of Palaemon sp. Finally, the sensitivity of P. serratus spermatozoa was assessed after in vitro exposures to model genotoxicants displaying various modes of interaction with DNA (i.e. UV-C, 13.3-79.5 J m-2; H2O2, 5-10 μM and MMS, 0.5-5 mM) and some environmental contaminants known or suspected to be genotoxic (i.e. cadmium and diuron, 0.015-1.5 μg L-1; carbamazepine, 0.1-10 μg L-1) for invertebrates. The low variability of the baseline level of DNA strand breaks recorded in controls highlighted the robustness of the method. P. serratus spermatozoa displayed significant DNA damage from the lowest doses tested for all model genotoxicants, but conversely, no genotoxic effect of tested environmental contaminants was observed. These results, which are discussed according to the protocol tested in the present study and the comparison with literature data, could suggest a difference in the response or sensitivity of spermatozoa to environmental genotoxicity between invertebrate species, and therefore the interest of Palaemonidae prawns in ecogenotoxicology. In conclusion, the present study underlines the potential of the Comet assay as a marker to assess the contamination impact on the sperm quality in Palaemonidae prawns in view to a potential application for in situ biomonitoring surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Erraud
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Michel Danger
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Benoît Xuereb
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR I-02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gallo A, Boni R, Tosti E. Sperm viability assessment in marine invertebrates by fluorescent staining and spectrofluorimetry: A promising tool for assessing marine pollution impact. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:407-412. [PMID: 28888124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The viability of spermatozoa is a crucial parameter to evaluate their quality that is an important issue in ecotoxicological studies. Here, a new method has been developed to rapidly determine the viability of spermatozoa in three marine invertebrates: the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis. This method employed the dual DNA fluorescent staining coupled with spectrofluorimetric analysis. The dual fluorescent staining used the SYBR-14 stained live spermatozoa and propidium iodide stained degenerated cells that had lost membrane integrity. Stain uptake was assessed by confocal microscopy and then the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa was quantified by spectrofluorimetric analysis. The microscopic examination revealed three populations of spermatozoa: living-SYBR-14 stained, dead-PI stained, and dying-doubly stained spermatozoa. The fluorescence emission peak values recorded in a spectrofluorimeter provide the portion of live and dead spermatozoa showing a significant negative correlation. The stain combination was further validated using known ratios of live and dead spermatozoa. The present study demonstrated that the dual DNA staining with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide was effective in assessing viability of spermatozoa in marine invertebrates and that spectrofluorimetric analysis can be successfully employed to evaluate the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa. The method develop herein is simple, accurate, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective, so it could be a useful tool by which marine pollutants may be screened for spermiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 75100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Velki M, Meyer-Alert H, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Enzymatic activity and gene expression changes in zebrafish embryos and larvae exposed to pesticides diazinon and diuron. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:187-200. [PMID: 29096092 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish as a test organism enables the investigation of effects on a wide range of biological levels from molecular level to the whole-organism level. The use of fish embryos represents an attractive model for studies aimed at understanding toxic mechanisms and the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. In the present study, a zebrafish (Danio rerio) in vivo model was employed in order to assess the effects of two commonly used pesticides, the insecticide diazinon and the herbicide diuron, on zebrafish early life stages. Since it was previously established that diazinon and diuron cause effects at the whole-organism level, this study assessed the suborganismic responses to exposure to these pesticides and the enzymatic responses (biochemical level) and the gene expression changes (molecular level) were analyzed. Different exposure scenarios were employed and the following endpoints measured: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; and gene expressions of the corresponding genes: acetylcholinesterase (ache), carboxylesterase (ces2), cytochrome P450 (cyp1a), glutathione-S-transferase (gstp1), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx1a) and additionally glutathione reductase (gsr). Significant changes at both the biochemical and the molecular level were detected. In addition, different sensitivities of different developmental stages of zebrafish were determined and partial recovery of the enzyme activity 48h after the end of the exposure was observed. The observed disparity between gene expression changes and alterations in enzyme activities points to the necessity of monitoring changes at different levels of biological organization. Different exposure scenarios, together with a comparison of the responses at the biochemical and molecular level, provide valuable data on the effects of diazinon and diuron on low organizational levels in zebrafish embryos and larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Velki
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Henriette Meyer-Alert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xie J, Yang D, Sun X, Cao R, Chen L, Wang Q, Li F, Wu H, Ji C, Cong M, Zhao J. Individual and Combined Toxicities of Benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether on Early Life Stages of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:582-588. [PMID: 28889174 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous and coexisted in the aquatic environment. Individual and combined toxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on embryogenesis, and larval survival of the Pacific oyster were investigated. The EC50 values of BaP, BDE-47 and their mixture on embryogenesis were 18.4, 203.3 and 72.0 µg/L respectively, while the LC50 values for 96 h larval mortality were 26.8, 244.5 and 108.9 µg/L respectively. The Marking-Dawson additive toxicity indices were -0.02 and -0.19, indicating an additive effect with a trend to antagonism. In addition, DNA strand breaks were also observed in oyster embryos after exposure. Our study suggests that BaP and BDE-47 exposure can cause developmental abnormalities, DNA damage and larval mortality. Furthermore, the toxicity of the mixture is slightly lower than individual pollutant. These data will be helpful to predict the toxicity of organic pollutants, and provide criteria for marine water quality standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Owagboriaye FO, Dedeke GA, Ademolu KO, Olujimi OO, Ashidi JS, Adeyinka AA. Reproductive toxicity of Roundup herbicide exposure in male albino rat. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2017; 69:461-468. [PMID: 28473188 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of infertility in human is on the increase and the use of Roundup herbicide and presence of its residues in foodstuff is a major concern. This study therefore aim to assess the effect of Roundup on the reproductive capacity of 32 adult male albino rats randomized into 4 groups of 8 rats per group orally exposed to Roundup at 3.6mg/kg body weight(bw), 50.4mg/kgbw and 248.4mg/kgbw of glyphosate concentrations for 12 weeks while the control group was given distilled water. Serum level of reproductive hormone (testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin), oxidative stress indices in the testicular tissue, epididymal sperm morphology assessment and testicular histopathology of the rats were used as a diagnostic marker of reproductive dysfunction. Significant (p<0.05) alterations in the level of all the reproductive hormones and oxidative stress markers assayed were observed in rats exposed to Roundup. Significant reductions (p<0.05) in sperm count, percentage motility and significant (p<0.05) increased in abnormal sperm cells were observed in the exposed rats. Histopathologically, severe degenerative testicular architectural lesions were seen in the Roundup exposed rats. Roundup may interfere with spermatogenesis and impair fertility in male gonad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Folarin O Owagboriaye
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Gabriel A Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O Ademolu
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olarenwaju O Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph S Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago- Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Aladesida A Adeyinka
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang S, Xu J, Kuang X, Li S, Li X, Chen D, Zhao X, Feng X. Biological impacts of glyphosate on morphology, embryo biomechanics and larval behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:270-280. [PMID: 28448908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
All of these days, residues of herbicides such as glyphosate are widely distributed in the environment. The ubiquitous use of glyphosate has drawn extensive attention to its toxicity as an organic pollutant. In this study, we employed larval zebrafish as an animal model to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of glyphosate on early development via morphological, biomechanics, behavioral and physiological analyses. Morphological results showed that an obvious delay occurred in the epiboly process and body length, eye and head area were reduced at concentrations higher than 10 mg/L. The expression of ntl (no tail) shortened and krox20 (also known as Egr2b, early growth response 2b) changed as the glyphosate concentration increased, but there was no change in the expression of shh (sonic hedgehog). In addition, biomechanical analysis of the elasticity of chorion indicated that treated embryos' surface tension was declined. Furthermore, a 48-h locomotion test revealed that embryonic exposure to glyphosate significantly elevated locomotor activities, which is probably attributed to motoneuronal damage. The decreased surface tension of chorion and the increased locomotive activities may contribute to the hatching rates after glyphosate treatment. Our study enriches the researches of evaluating glyphosate toxicity and probablely plays a warning role in herbicides used in farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangyu Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shibao Li
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongyan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li MH, Ruan LY, Zhou JW, Fu YH, Jiang L, Zhao H, Wang JS. Metabolic profiling of goldfish (Carassius auratis) after long-term glyphosate-based herbicide exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 188:159-169. [PMID: 28528318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an efficient herbicide widely used worldwide. However, its toxicity to non-targeted organisms has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide was evaluated on goldfish (Carassius auratus) after long-term exposure. Tissues of brains, kidneys and livers were collected and submitted to NMR-based metabolomics analysis and histopathological inspection. Plasma was collected and the blood biochemical indexes of AST, ALT, BUN, CRE, LDH, SOD, GSH-Px, GR and MDA were measured. Long-term glyphosate exposure caused disorders of blood biochemical indexes and renal tissue injury in goldfish. Metabolomics analysis combined with correlation network analysis uncovered significant perturbations in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism and nucleosides metabolism in glyphosate dosed fish, which provide new clues to the toxicity of glyphosate. This integrated metabolomics approach showed its applicability in discovering the toxic mechanisms of pesticides, which provided new strategy for the assessment of the environmental risk of herbicides to non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhou
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vignier J, Volety AK, Rolton A, Le Goïc N, Chu FLE, Robert R, Soudant P. Sensitivity of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) spermatozoa and oocytes to dispersed oil: Cellular responses and impacts on fertilization and embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:270-282. [PMID: 28343714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released millions of barrels of oil and dispersant into the Gulf of Mexico. The timing of the spill coincided with the spawning season of Crassostrea virginica. Consequently, gametes released in the water were likely exposed to oil and dispersant. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the cellular effects of acute exposure of spermatozoa and oocytes to surface slick oil, dispersed mechanically (HEWAF) and chemically (CEWAF), using flow-cytometric (FCM) analyses, and (ii) determine whether the observed cellular effects relate to impairments of fertilization and embryogenesis of gametes exposed to the same concentrations of CEWAF and HEWAF. Following a 30-min exposure, the number of spermatozoa and their viability were reduced due to a physical action of oil droplets (HEWAF) and a toxic action of CEWAF respectively. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in exposed oocytes tended to increase with increasing oil concentrations suggesting that exposure to dispersed oil resulted in an oxidative stress. The decrease in fertilization success (1-h), larval survival (24-h) and increase in abnormalities (6-h and 24-h) may be partly related to altered cellular characteristics. FCM assays are a good predictor of sublethal effects especially on fertilization success. These data suggest that oil/dispersant are cytotoxic to gametes, which may affect negatively the reproduction success and early development of oysters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vignier
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A K Volety
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.
| | - A Rolton
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F-L E Chu
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), College of William and Mary, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Gloucester Point, 23062 VA, USA
| | - R Robert
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Châtel A, Bruneau M, Lièvre C, Goupil A, Mouneyrac C. Spermatozoa: A relevant biological target for genotoxicity assessment of contaminants in the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:488-490. [PMID: 28040247 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of DNA quality of gametes is a relevant method to predict potential consequences of pollutants in the next generations, as it allows to define adverse outcome pathways implicated in pollutant-mediated toxicity for risk assessment. In the present study, a comet assay was developed for the spermatozoa of Scrobicularia plana exposed to 10 and 100μg/L of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24h and 5days. The induction of apoptosis and repair mechanisms was assessed by determining caspase-3 activity and polymerase cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA expression level. Results showed that B[a]P induced high levels of DNA breaks that were associated with apoptosis for all the conditions tested, indicating that the spermatozoa were sensitive to B[a]P. PCNA gene expression was induced in animals exposed to the highest concentrations of B[a]P, suggesting that defence mechanisms were enhanced in these animals. This preliminary study demonstrated the utility of spermatozoa as a relevant biological target for genotoxicity assessment of contaminants and will enable to predict the effect of contaminants on future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France.
| | - Mélanie Bruneau
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Clémence Lièvre
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Astrid Goupil
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Park MS, Kim YD, Kim BM, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Rhee JS. Effects of Antifouling Biocides on Molecular and Biochemical Defense System in the Gill of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168978. [PMID: 28006823 PMCID: PMC5179263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifouling biocides such as organotin compounds and their alternatives are potent toxicants in marine ecosystems. In this study, we employed several molecular and biochemical response systems of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to understand a potential mode of action of antifouling biocides (i.e. tributyltin (TBT), diuron and irgarol) after exposure to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg L-1) for 96 h. As a result, all the three antifouling biocides strongly induced the antioxidant defense system. TBT reduced both enzymatic activity and mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Lower levels of both Na+/K+-ATPase activity and AChE mRNA expression were observed in the diuron-exposed oysters compared to the control, while the irgarol treatment reduced only the transcriptional expression of AChE gene. We also analyzed transcript profile of heat shock protein (Hsp) superfamily in same experimental conditions. All antifouling biocides tested in this study significantly modulated mRNA expression of Hsp superfamily with strong induction of Hsp70 family. Taken together, overall results indicate that representative organotin TBT and alternatives have potential hazardous effects on the gill of C. gigas within relatively short time period. Our results also suggest that analyzing a series of molecular and biochemical parameters can be a way of understanding and uncovering the mode of action of emerging antifouling biocides. In particular, it was revealed that Pacific oysters have different sensitivities depend on the antifouling biocides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Park
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (JKK)
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, 169, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (JKK)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peraza-Vega RI, Castañeda-Sortibrán AN, Valverde M, Rojas E, Rodríguez-Arnaiz R. Assessing genotoxicity of diuron on Drosophila melanogaster by the wing-spot test and the wing imaginal disk comet assay. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:443-453. [PMID: 27777339 DOI: 10.1177/0748233716670536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of the herbicide diuron in the wing-spot test and a novel wing imaginal disk comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster. The wing-spot test was performed with standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses after providing chronic 48 h treatment to third instar larvae. A positive dose-response effect was observed in both crosses, but statistically reduced spot frequencies were registered for the HB cross compared with the ST. This latter finding suggests that metabolism differences play an important role in the genotoxic effect of diuron. To verify diuron's ability to produce DNA damage, a wing imaginal disk comet assay was performed after providing 24 h diuron treatment to ST and HB third instar larvae. DNA damage induced by the herbicide had a significantly positive dose-response effect even at very low concentrations in both strains. However, as noted for the wing-spot test, a significant difference between strains was not observed that could be related to the duration of exposure between both assays. A positive correlation between the comet assay and the wing-spot test was found with regard to diuron genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I Peraza-Vega
- 1 Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - Mahara Valverde
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Investigations, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Emilio Rojas
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Investigations, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Boulangé-Lecomte C, Rocher B, Cailleaud K, Cosette P, Legrand E, Devreker D, Budzinski H, Souissi S, Forget-Leray J. Differential protein expression in the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis after diuron and alkylphenol exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1860-1871. [PMID: 26677818 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics was used in the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis for screening of protein expression modifications induced by organic contaminants. The copepods were exposed in a continuous flow-through system for 86 h to environmentally relevant concentrations of contaminants representative of the pollution in the Seine Estuary (Haute-Normandie, France; diuron, 500 ng L(-1) ; alkylphenol mixture, 1000 ng L(-1) ). Proteome analysis of whole-body copepod extracts by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the contaminants induced modifications in protein expression, with the highest quantitative variations occurring after diuron exposure. Specifically, 88 and 41 proteins were differentially expressed after diuron and alkylphenol treatments, respectively. After mass spectrometry analysis, 51 (diuron exposure) and 15 (alkylphenol exposure) proteins were identified. The identified proteins were potentially related to energy metabolism, cell growth, nervous signal conductivity, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress response, and antioxidant defense. The data suggest a massive general disturbance of physiological functions of E. affinis after diuron exposure, whereas alkylphenols induced an alteration of a few targeted physiological functions. The protein expression signatures identified after contaminant exposure deserve further investigation in terms of the development of novel potential biomarkers for water quality assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1860-1871. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Boulangé-Lecomte
- UMR-I 02 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, University of Le Havre, Normandy University, Le Havre, France
| | - Béatrice Rocher
- UMR-I 02 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, University of Le Havre, Normandy University, Le Havre, France
| | - Kévin Cailleaud
- UMR-I 02 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, University of Le Havre, Normandy University, Le Havre, France
- UMR CNRS 5805, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), Bordeaux University, Talence, France
- UMR CNRS 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), Wimereux Marine Station, Lille 1 University, Wimereux, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- UMR CNRS 6270, Laboratoire Polymères-Biopolymères-Surfaces (LPBS), University of Rouen, Normandy University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Eléna Legrand
- UMR-I 02 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, University of Le Havre, Normandy University, Le Havre, France
| | - David Devreker
- UMR CNRS 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), Wimereux Marine Station, Lille 1 University, Wimereux, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), Bordeaux University, Talence, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- UMR CNRS 8187 Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), Wimereux Marine Station, Lille 1 University, Wimereux, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- UMR-I 02 Laboratoire Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, University of Le Havre, Normandy University, Le Havre, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Behrens D, Rouxel J, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Comparative embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of the herbicide diuron and its metabolites in early life stages of Crassostrea gigas: Implication of reactive oxygen species production. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:249-259. [PMID: 27078212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are one of the major classes of pollutants contaminating coastal waters over the world. Among them, diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a phenylurea herbicide frequently detected in oyster-producing area, known to be toxic for this important exploited non-target species. With the aim to investigate the mechanisms by which diuron displays its toxicity in oyster, the implication of both biotransformation and oxygen reactive species (ROS) production was studied considering embryotoxicity and genotoxicity as endpoints. Comparative embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of diuron and its main metabolites (DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-DCA) were thus studied on oyster larvae by the embryo-larval bioassay on D larvae and the comet assay on trochophore larvae, respectively. Exposures were also performed in presence and absence of known ROS scavenger compounds - ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine, to evaluate the involvement of oxyradicals in the toxic responses. In the case of diuron, the production of ROS on exposed oyster larvae was also measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate as a probe for flow cytometric analysis. The results we obtained showed the embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of diuron and its metabolites in early life stages of the Pacific oyster. For concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5μgL(-1), diuron appeared significantly more embryotoxic than DCPMU and DCPU (p<0.001). Embryotoxicity decreased with diuron metabolism as follows: diuron≥DCPMU=DCPU, highlighting that biotransformation can constitute a true detoxication pathways in oyster larvae by decreasing the toxicity of the parent compound. In the opposite, no difference was observed between diuron and its metabolites concerning larval development when considering a lower and more environmentally realistic range of concentrations (0.002-0.050μgL(-1)). 3,4-DCA was the only compound that did not show any sign of embryotoxicity, even at concentrations up to 5μgL(-1). Concerning genotoxicity, no significant difference was observed between diuron and all of its metabolites including 3, 4 DCA with damages detected from the concentration of 0.05μgL(-1). As for diuron, the toxicity of the metabolites seems to be mediated in some part by ROS production as clearly demonstrated by the decrease in genotoxicity and developmental abnormalities in the presence of the oxidant scavenger, ascorbic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Behrens
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France.
| |
Collapse
|