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Bhuvaragavan S, Sruthi K, Nivetha R, Ramaraj P, Hilda K, Meenakumari M, Janarthanan S. Insect galectin stimulates the human CD4+ T cell proliferation by regulating inflammation (T cell and monocyte) through Th2 immune response. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Stear M. The interaction of host and nematode galectins influences the outcome of gastrointestinal nematode infections. Parasitology 2021; 148:648-654. [PMID: 33461629 PMCID: PMC11010190 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactosides and play key roles in a variety of cellular processes including host defence. They have been well studied in hosts but less so in gastrointestinal nematodes. Both host and parasite galectins are present in the gastrointestinal tract following infection. Parasite galectins can both bind antibody, especially highly glycosylated IgE and be bound by antibody. Parasite galectins may act as molecular sponges that soak up antibody. Host galectins promote mast cell degranulation while parasite galectins inhibit degranulation. Host and parasite galectins can also bind mucins and influence mucus viscosity. As the protective response against gastrointestinal nematode infection is partly dependent on IgE mediated mast cell degranulation and mucus, the interactions between host and parasite galectins play key roles in determining the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Agribio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia
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3
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Ghosh DD, Lee D, Jin X, Horvitz HR, Nitabach MN. C. elegans discriminates colors to guide foraging. Science 2021; 371:1059-1063. [PMID: 33674494 PMCID: PMC8554940 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Color detection is used by animals of diverse phyla to navigate colorful natural environments and is thought to require evolutionarily conserved opsin photoreceptor genes. We report that Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms can discriminate between colors despite the fact that they lack eyes and opsins. Specifically, we found that white light guides C. elegans foraging decisions away from a blue-pigment toxin secreted by harmful bacteria. These foraging decisions are guided by specific blue-to-amber ratios of light. The color specificity of color-dependent foraging varies notably among wild C. elegans strains, which indicates that color discrimination is ecologically important. We identified two evolutionarily conserved cellular stress response genes required for opsin-independent, color-dependent foraging by C. elegans, and we speculate that cellular stress response pathways can mediate spectral discrimination by photosensitive cells and organisms-even by those lacking opsins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dipon Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Nitabach
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Kasai K. Frontal affinity chromatography: An excellent method of analyzing weak biomolecular interactions based on a unique principle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129761. [PMID: 33086119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not only strong biomolecular interactions but also weak interactions play important roles in ensuring appropriate operations of many biological systems. Although a thorough investigation of the latter is essential in understanding life science, few suitable research tools are available because of inherent difficulties. SCOPE OF REVIEW Frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is a versatile method that overcomes the inherent difficulties to provide accurate information on weak interactions. Since its concept and merit are not widely recognized, a comprehensive interpretation of FAC is provided in this review to encourage its application among researchers. MAJOR CONCLUSION FAC is based on a unique principle of measuring the binding strength by the delayed migration of an analyte through an affinity column. Its utility was elucidated via the lectin-glycan interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FAC has a great potential as a research tool to solve many difficult problems in general bioscience that are relevant to almost all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kasai
- Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashiku, Tokyo 1738605, Japan.
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5
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Vasta GR, Wang JX. Galectin-mediated immune recognition: Opsonic roles with contrasting outcomes in selected shrimp and bivalve mollusk species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103721. [PMID: 32353466 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a structurally conserved family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and of wide taxonomic distribution, from fungi to mammals. Their biological functions, initially described as key to embryogenesis and early development via recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate moieties, are currently understood as also encompassing tissue repair, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. More recently, however, numerous studies have contributed to establish a new paradigm by revealing that galectins can also bind to exogenous ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic virus, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites, and function both as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and effector factors in innate immunity. Our studies on a galectin from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjGal), revealed that it functions as a typical PRR. Expression of MjGal is upregulated by infectious challenge, and can recognize both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. MjGal also recognizes carbohydrates on the shrimp hemocyte surface, and can cross-link microbial pathogens to the hemocytes, promoting their phagocytosis and clearance from circulation. Therefore, MjGal contributes to the shrimp's immune defense against infectious challenge both as a PRR and effector factor. Our studies on galectins from the bivalve mollusks, however, have shown that although they can function in immune defense as MjGal, protistan parasites take advantage of the recognition roles of the host galectins, for successful attachment and host infection. We identified in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica two galectins (CvGal1 and CvGal2) that not only recognize a large variety of bacterial species, but also the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Like the shrimp MjGal, both oyster galectins function as opsonins, and promote parasite adhesion and phagocytosis. However, P. marinus survives intrahemocytic oxidative killing and proliferates, eventually causing systemic infection and death of the oyster host. In the softshell clam Mya arenaria we identified a galectin (MaGal1) that displays carbohydrate specificity and recognition properties for sympatric Perkinsus species (P. marinus and P. chesapeaki), that are different from CvGal1 and CvGal2. Our results suggest that although galectins from bivalves can function as PRRs, Perkinsus parasites have co-evolved with their hosts to subvert the galectins' immune functions for host infection by acquisition of carbohydrate-based mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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6
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Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:169-196. [PMID: 32152947 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins characterized by a unique sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, and evolutionary and structural conservation from fungi to invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. Their biological roles, initially understood as limited to recognition of endogenous ("self") carbohydrate ligands in embryogenesis and early development, dramatically expanded in later years by the discovery of their roles in tissue repair, cancer, adipogenesis, and regulation of immune homeostasis. In recent years, however, evidence has also accumulated to support the notion that galectins can bind ("non-self") glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microbes, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. Thus, this evidence has established a new paradigm by which galectins can function not only as pattern recognition receptors but also as effector factors, by binding to the microbial surface and inhibiting adhesion and/or entry into the host cell, directly killing the potential pathogen by disrupting its surface structures, or by promoting phagocytosis, encapsulation, autophagy, and pathogen clearance from circulation. Strikingly, some viruses, bacteria, and protistan parasites take advantage of the aforementioned recognition roles of the vector/host galectins, for successful attachment and invasion. These recent findings suggest that galectin-mediated innate immune recognition and effector mechanisms, which throughout evolution have remained effective for preventing or fighting viral, bacterial, and parasitic infection, have been "subverted" by certain pathogens by unique evolutionary adaptations of their surface glycome to gain host entry, and the acquisition of effective mechanisms to evade the host's immune responses.
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7
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Hertz MI, Glaessner PM, Rush A, Budge PJ. Brugia malayi galectin 2 is a tandem-repeat type galectin capable of binding mammalian polysaccharides. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 235:111233. [PMID: 31738955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are among the most abundant excretory/secretory (ES) products of filarial worms, but their role in filarial biology is poorly understood. Galectin-2 (Lec-2), a major component of Brugia malayi extracellular vesicles, is released by filarial worms, and was recently identified in the serum of persons with loiasis. We therefore sought to clone and characterize Lec-2, and to develop reagents to examine its potential as a biomarker and its role in parasite biology. We cloned and expressed recombinant B. malayi Lec-2 (rBmLec-2), generated a Lec-2-specific monoclonal antibody (4B4), and used it to confirm the presence of Lec-2 in B. malayi ES products and whole worm lysate. We show that Lec-2 is absent in B. malayi oocytes, and increases in concentration as embryos mature. Recombinant BmLec-2 hemagglutinates rabbit red blood cells at concentrations less than 1 μg/mL, and this is abrogated by single amino acid substitutions in the predicted carbohydrate recognition domains. rBmLec-2 binds multiple LacNAc oligosaccharides on a mammalian carbohydrate array. Sera from 17/23 (78 %) persons with microfilaremic loiasis and 4/10 (40 %) persons with bancroftian filariasis had detectable antibody to Lec-2 by western blot. Our studies confirm the functionality of BmLec-2 and indicate anti-Lec-2 antibody responses are common in persons with filariasis. These studies set the stage for further examination of the role of Lec-2 in filarial biology and in filarial-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla I Hertz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Philip M Glaessner
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amy Rush
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Philip J Budge
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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8
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Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, Freitag N, Blanchard V, Barrientos G. Pregnancy Galectinology: Insights Into a Complex Network of Glycan Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31231368 PMCID: PMC6558399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins, consisting of 15 different types, each with a specific function. Galectins contribute to placentation by regulating trophoblast development, migration, and invasion during early pregnancy. In addition, galectins are critical players regulating maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. Recently, the role of galectins in angiogenesis during decidualization and in placenta formation has gained attention. Altered expression of galectins is associated with abnormal pregnancies and infertility. This review focuses on the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated processes and discusses the relevance of galectin-glycan interactions as potential therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Meta-analysis suggests evidence of novel stress-related pathway components in Orsay virus - Caenorhabditis elegans viral model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4399. [PMID: 30867481 PMCID: PMC6416287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), shares many genes with humans and is the best-annotated of the eukaryotic genome. Therefore, the identification of new genes and pathways is unlikely. Nevertheless, host-pathogen interaction studies from viruses, recently discovered in the environment, has created new opportunity to discover these pathways. For example, the exogenous RNAi response in C. elegans by the Orsay virus as seen in plants and other eukaryotes is not systemic and transgenerational, suggesting different RNAi pathways between these organisms. Using a bioinformatics meta-analysis approach, we show that the top 17 genes differentially-expressed during C. elegans infection by Orsay virus are functionally uncharacterized genes. Furthermore, functional annotation using similarity search and comparative modeling, was able to predict folds correctly, but could not assign easily function to the majority. However, we could identify gene expression studies that showed a similar pattern of gene expression related to toxicity, stress and immune response. Those results were strengthened using protein-protein interaction network analysis. This study shows that novel molecular pathway components, of viral innate immune response, can be identified and provides models that can be further used as a framework for experimental studies. Whether these features are reminiscent of an ancient mechanism evolutionarily conserved, or part of a novel pathway, remain to be established. These results reaffirm the tremendous value of this approach to broaden our understanding of viral immunity in C. elegans.
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10
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Jankowska E, Parsons LM, Song X, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Cipollo JF. A comprehensive Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycan shotgun array. Glycobiology 2018; 28:223-232. [PMID: 29325093 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present a Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycan shotgun array. This nematode serves as a model organism for many areas of biology including but not limited to tissue development, host-pathogen interactions, innate immunity, and genetics. Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycans contain structural motifs that are also found in other nematodes as well as trematodes and lepidopteran species. Glycan binding toxins that interact with C. elegans glycoconjugates also do so with some agriculturally relevant species, such as Haemonchus contortus, Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichoplusia ni. This situation implies that protein-carbohydrate interactions seen with C. elegans glycans may also occur in other species with related glycan structures. Therefore, this array may be useful to study these relationships in other nematodes as well as trematode and insect species. The array contains 134 distinct glycomers spanning a wide range of C. elegans N-glycans including the subclasses high mannose, pauci mannose, high fucose, mammalian-like complex and phosphorylcholine substituted forms. The glycans presented on the array have been characterized by two-dimensional separation, ion trap mass spectrometry, and lectin affinity. High fucose glycans were well represented and contain many novel core structures found in C. elegans as well as other species. This array should serve as an investigative platform for carbohydrate binding proteins that interact with N-glycans of C. elegans and over a range of organisms that contain glycan motifs conserved with this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jankowska
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Lisa M Parsons
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Room 105H, Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dave F Smith
- Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Room 105H, Whitehead Biomedical Res. Bldg., 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John F Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
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11
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Ditgen D, Anandarajah EM, Reinhardt A, Younis AE, Witt S, Hansmann J, Lorenz E, García-Hernández M, Paclik D, Soblik H, Jolodar A, Seeberger PH, Liebau E, Brattig NW. Comparative characterization of two galectins excreted-secreted from intestine-dwelling parasitic versus free-living females of the soil-transmitted nematode Strongyloides. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 225:73-83. [PMID: 30179636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Helminths are complex pathogens that ensure their long-term survival by influencing the immune responses of their host. Excretory/secretory products (ESP) can exert immunoregulatory effects which foster parasite survival. Galectins represent a widespread group of β-galactoside-binding proteins which are involved in a multitude of biological processes operative in parasite-host interaction. We had earlier identified seven galectins in Strongyloides ratti, four of them detected in the ESP of distinct developmental stages of the parasite. In the present report, we focused on the characterization of two of them, Sr-galectin-1 (Sr-Gal-1) and Sr-galectin-3 (Sr-Gal-3). While Sr-Gal-3 expression was strongest in parasitic females, Sr-Gal-1 was predominantly expressed in free-living females. Both proteins were cloned and recombinantly expressed in an E. coli expression system. Their glycan-binding activity was verified by haemagglutination and glycan array analysis. Furthermore, primary immunological activities of the Sr-galectins were initially investigated by the application of an in vitro mucosal 3D-culture model, comprising of mucosa-associated epithelial and dendritic cells. The Sr-galectins stimulated preferentially the release of the type 2 cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-22, a first indication for immunoregulatory activity. In addition, the Sr-galectins dose-dependently fostered cell migration. Our results confirm the importance of these carbohydrate-binding proteins in host-parasite-interaction by indicating possible interaction with the host mucosa-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ditgen
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - E M Anandarajah
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - A Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Younis
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - S Witt
- Cellular Parasitology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hansmann
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Lorenz
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M García-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Mexico; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Paclik
- Medical Department, Devision of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Soblik
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; GALENpharma GmbH, 24109, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Jolodar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, IR, Iran
| | - P H Seeberger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Liebau
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - N W Brattig
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang N, Wang X, Gobel V, Zhang X. The galectin LEC-5 is a novel binding partner for RAB-11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:600-605. [PMID: 30274774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RAB-11/Rab11 is an endosomal GTPase with conserved roles in directional trafficking and apical domain formation in polarized epithelial cells. From a yeast two-hybrid screen using full-length C. elegans RAB-11 as bait, we identified LEC-5 as a novel binding protein for RAB-11. LEC-5 is an ortholog of mammalian Galectin-9 which associates with glycosphingolipids and is implicated in apical cargo sorting. We further confirmed the interaction between RAB-11 and LEC-5 via GST-pull down, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. In addition, we showed that LEC-5 binds to RAB-11 with its C-terminus. Our results indicate a novel role of RAB-11 in apical sorting via LEC-5. Such a role would extend RAB-11's function as a master regulator of apical trafficking and suggest it could translate apical sorting signals into apical vesicle directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- The First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Verena Gobel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Developmental Biology and Genetics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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13
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Wang B, Wang H, Xiong J, Zhou Q, Wu H, Xia L, Li L, Yu Z. A Proteomic Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Stress Responses of Caenorhabditis elegans towards Nematicidal Cry6A Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14170. [PMID: 29074967 PMCID: PMC5658354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cry6A represents a novel family of nematicidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. It has distinctive architecture as well as mechanism of action from Cry5B, a highly focused family of nematicidal crystal proteins, and even from other insecticidal crystal proteins containing the conserved three-domain. However, how nematode defends against Cry6A toxin remains obscure. In this study, the global defense pattern of Caenorhabditis elegans against Cry6Aa2 toxin was investigated by proteomic analysis. In response to Cry6Aa2, 12 proteins with significantly altered abundances were observed from worms, participating in innate immune defense, insulin-like receptor (ILR) signaling pathway, energy metabolism, and muscle assembly. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) functioning in diverse biological processes suggest that a variety of defense responses participate in the stress responses of C. elegans to Cry6Aa2. The functional verifications of DEPs suggest that ILR signaling pathway, DIM-1, galectin LEC-6 all are the factors of defense responses to Cry6Aa2. Moreover, Cry6Aa2 also involves in accelerating the metabolic energy production which fulfills the energy demand for the immune responses. In brief, our findings illustrate the global pattern of defense responses of nematode against Cry6A for the first time, and provide a novel insight into the mechanism through which worms respond to Cry6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Haiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoni Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ziquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P.R. China.
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The Distribution of Lectins across the Phylum Nematoda: A Genome-Wide Search. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010091. [PMID: 28054982 PMCID: PMC5297725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are a very diverse phylum that has adapted to nearly every ecosystem. They have developed specialized lifestyles, dividing the phylum into free-living, animal, and plant parasitic species. Their sheer abundance in numbers and presence in nearly every ecosystem make them the most prevalent animals on earth. In this research nematode-specific profiles were designed to retrieve predicted lectin-like domains from the sequence data of nematode genomes and transcriptomes. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that play numerous roles inside and outside the cell depending on their sugar specificity and associated protein domains. The sugar-binding properties of the retrieved lectin-like proteins were predicted in silico. Although most research has focused on C-type lectin-like, galectin-like, and calreticulin-like proteins in nematodes, we show that the lectin-like repertoire in nematodes is far more diverse. We focused on C-type lectins, which are abundantly present in all investigated nematode species, but seem to be far more abundant in free-living species. Although C-type lectin-like proteins are omnipresent in nematodes, we have shown that only a small part possesses the residues that are thought to be essential for carbohydrate binding. Curiously, hevein, a typical plant lectin domain not reported in animals before, was found in some nematode species.
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Kaltner H, Toegel S, Caballero GG, Manning JC, Ledeen RW, Gabius HJ. Galectins: their network and roles in immunity/tumor growth control. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:239-256. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Kaltner H, García Caballero G, Sinowatz F, Schmidt S, Manning JC, André S, Gabius HJ. Galectin-related protein: An integral member of the network of chicken galectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2298-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Michalak M, Shilova N, Yegres M, André S, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Schnölzer M, Bovin NV, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Chicken GRIFIN: A homodimeric member of the galectin network with canonical properties and a unique expression profile. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:34-47. [PMID: 27296808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as family sets the challenge to achieve a complete network analysis. Along this route taken for a well-suited model organism (chicken), we fill the remaining gap to characterize its seventh member known from rat as galectin-related inter-fiber protein (GRIFIN) in the lens. Its single-copy gene is common to vertebrates, with one or more deviations from the so-called signature sequence for ligand (lactose) contact. The chicken protein is a homodimeric agglutinin with capacity to bind β-galactosides, especially the histo-blood group B tetrasaccharide, shown by solid-phase/cell assays and a glycan microarray. Mass spectrometric identification of two lactose-binding peptides after tryptic on-bead fragmentation suggests an interaction at the canonical region despite a sequence change from Arg to Val at the site, which impairs reactivity of human galectin-1. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of specimen from adult chicken organs reveal restriction of expression to the lens, here immunohistochemically throughout its main body. This report sets the stage for detailed structure-activity studies to define factors relevant for affinity beyond the signature sequence and to perform the first complete network analysis of the galectin family in developing and adult organs of a vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Shilova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michelle Yegres
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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18
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Takeuchi T, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Galactoseβ1-4fucose: A unique disaccharide unit found inN-glycans of invertebrates including nematodes. Proteomics 2016; 16:3137-3147. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Josai University; Saitama Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kasai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University; Tokyo Japan
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19
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Takeuchi T, Tamura M, Ishii N, Ishikida H, Sugimoto S, Suzuki D, Nishiyama K, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Arata Y. Purification of galectin-1 mutants using an immobilized Galactoseβ1-4Fucose affinity adsorbent. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 111:82-6. [PMID: 25858314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of lectins characterized by their carbohydrate recognition domains containing eight conserved amino acid residues, which allows the binding of galectin to β-galactoside sugars such as Galβ1-4GlcNAc. Since galectin-glycan interactions occur extracellularly, recombinant galectins are often used for the functional analysis of these interactions. Although it is relatively easy to purify galectins via affinity to Galβ1-4GlcNAc using affinity adsorbents such as asialofetuin-Sepharose, it could be difficult to do so with mutated galectins, which may have reduced affinity towards their endogenous ligands. However, this is not the case with Caenorhabditis elegans galectin LEC-6; binding to its endogenous recognition unit Galβ1-4Fuc, a unique disaccharide found only in invertebrates, is not necessarily affected by point mutations of the eight well-conserved amino acids. In this study, we constructed mutants of mouse galectin-1 carrying substitutions of each of the eight conserved amino acid residues (H44F, N46D, R48H, V59A, N61D, W68F, E71Q, and R73H) and examined their affinity for Galβ1-4GlcNAc and Galβ1-4Fuc. These mutants, except W68F, had very low affinity for asialofetuin-Sepharose; however, most of them (with the exception of H44F and R48H) could be purified using Galβ1-4Fuc-Sepharose. The affinity of the purified mutant galectins for glycans containing Galβ1-4Fuc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc moieties was quantitatively examined by frontal affinity chromatography, and the results indicated that the mutants retained the affinity only for Galβ1-4Fuc. Given that other mammalian galectins are known to bind Galβ1-4Fuc, our data suggest that immobilized Galβ1-4Fuc ligands could be generally used for easy one-step affinity purification of mutant galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ishii
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Saori Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kazusa Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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20
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Hirabayashi J, Tateno H, Shikanai T, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Narimatsu H. The Lectin Frontier Database (LfDB), and data generation based on frontal affinity chromatography. Molecules 2015; 20:951-73. [PMID: 25580689 PMCID: PMC6272529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a large group of carbohydrate-binding proteins, having been shown to comprise at least 48 protein scaffolds or protein family entries. They occur ubiquitously in living organisms—from humans to microorganisms, including viruses—and while their functions are yet to be fully elucidated, their main underlying actions are thought to mediate cell-cell and cell-glycoconjugate interactions, which play important roles in an extensive range of biological processes. The basic feature of each lectin’s function resides in its specific sugar-binding properties. In this regard, it is beneficial for researchers to have access to fundamental information about the detailed oligosaccharide specificities of diverse lectins. In this review, the authors describe a publicly available lectin database named “Lectin frontier DataBase (LfDB)”, which undertakes the continuous publication and updating of comprehensive data for lectin-standard oligosaccharide interactions in terms of dissociation constants (Kd’s). For Kd determination, an advanced system of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is used, with which quantitative datasets of interactions between immobilized lectins and >100 fluorescently labeled standard glycans have been generated. The FAC system is unique in its clear principle, simple procedure and high sensitivity, with an increasing number (>67) of associated publications that attest to its reliability. Thus, LfDB, is expected to play an essential role in lectin research, not only in basic but also in applied fields of glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Shikanai
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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21
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Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Evaluation of galectin binding by frontal affinity chromatography (FAC). Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1207:63-74. [PMID: 25253133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is a simple and versatile procedure enabling quantitative determination of diverse biological interactions in terms of dissociation constants (K d), even though these interactions are relatively weak. The method is best applied to glycans and their binding proteins, with the analytical system operating on the basis of highly reproducible isocratic elution by liquid chromatography. Its application to galectins has been successfully developed to characterize their binding specificities in detail. As a result, their minimal requirements for recognition of disaccharides, i.e., β-galactosides, as well as characteristic features of individual galectins, have been elucidated. In this chapter, we describe standard procedures to determine the K d's for interactions between a series of standard glycans and various galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- Lectin Application and Analysis Team, Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
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22
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Kawasaki I, Jeong MH, Yun YJ, Shin YK, Shim YH. Cholesterol-responsive metabolic proteins are required for larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2013; 36:410-6. [PMID: 24218109 PMCID: PMC3887944 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans, a cholesterol auxotroph, showed defects in larval development upon cholesterol starvation (CS) in a previous study. To identify cholesterol-responsive proteins likely responsible for the larval arrest upon CS, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed between C. elegans grown in normal medium supplemented with cholesterol (CN) and those grown in medium not supplemented with cholesterol (cholesterol starvation, CS). Our analysis revealed significant change (more than 2.2-fold, p < 0.05) in nine proteins upon CS. Six proteins were down-regulated [CE01270 (EEF-1A.1), CE08852 (SAMS-1), CE11068 (PMT-2), CE09015 (ACDH-1), CE12564 (R07H5.8), and CE09655 (RLA-0)], and three proteins were up-regulated [CE29645 (LEC-1), CE16576 (LEC-5), and CE01431 (NEX-1)]. RNAi phenotypes of two of the down-regulated genes, R07H5.8 (adenosine kinase) and rla-0 (ribosomal protein), in CN were similar to that of larval arrest in CS, and RNAi of a down-regulated gene, R07H5.8, in CS further enhanced the effects of CS, suggesting that down-regulation of these genes is likely responsible for the larval arrest in CS. All three up-regulated genes contain putative DAF-16 binding sites and mRNA levels of these three genes were all decreased in daf-16 mutants in CN, suggesting that DAF-16 activates expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yu-Joun Yun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
- Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Tailoring GalNAcα1-3Galβ-specific lectins from a multi-specific fungal galectin: dramatic change of carbohydrate specificity by a single amino-acid substitution. Biochem J 2013; 453:261-70. [PMID: 23611418 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Galectins exhibit multiple roles through recognition of diverse structures of β-galactosides. However, this broad specificity often hinders their practical use as probes. In the present study we report a dramatic improvement in the carbohydrate specificity of a multi-specific fungal galectin from the mushroom Agrocybe cylindricea, which binds not only to simple β-galactosides, but also to their derivatives. Site-directed mutagenesis targeting five residues involved in β-galactose binding revealed that replacement of Asn46 with alanine (N46A) increased the binding to GalNAcα1-3Galβ-containing glycans, while eliminating binding to all other β-galactosides, as shown by glycoconjugate microarray analysis. Quantitative analysis by frontal affinity chromatography showed that the mutant N46A had enhanced affinity towards blood group A tetraose (type 2), A hexaose (type 1) and Forssman pentasaccharide with dissociation constants of 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ M, 3.8 × 10⁻⁶ M and 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M respectively. Surprisingly, all the other mutants generated by saturation mutagenesis of Asn46 exhibited essentially the same specificity as N46A. Moreover, alanine substitution for Pro45, which forms the cis-conformation upon β-galactose binding, exhibited the same specificity as N46A. From a practical viewpoint, the derived N46A mutant proved to be unique as a specific probe to detect GalNAcα1-3Galβ-containing glycans by methods such as flow cytometry, cell staining and lectin microarray.
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Takeuchi T, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Sugiura KI, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Galectin LEC-1 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biochem 2013; 154:455-64. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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25
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High throughput sequencing of the Angiostrongylus cantonensis genome: a parasite spreading worldwide. Parasitology 2013; 140:1304-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYAngiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasitic nematode of rodents and a leading aetiological agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Definitive diagnosis is difficult, often relying on immunodiagnostic methods which utilize crude antigens. New immunodiagnostic methods based on recombinant proteins are being developed, and ideally these methods would be made available worldwide. Identification of diagnostic targets, as well as studies on the biology of the parasite, are limited by a lack of molecular information on Angiostrongylus spp. available in databases. In this study we present data collected from DNA random high-throughput sequencing together with proteomic analyses and a cDNA walking methodology to identify and obtain the nucleotide or amino acid sequences of unknown immunoreactive proteins. 28 080 putative ORFs were obtained, of which 3371 had homology to other deposited protein sequences. Using the A. cantonensis genomic sequences, 156 putative ORFs, matching peptide sequences obtained from previous proteomic studies, were considered novel, with no homology to existing sequences. Full-length coding sequences of eight antigenic target proteins were obtained. In this study we generated not only the complete nucleotide sequences of the antigenic protein targets but also a large amount of genomic data which may help facilitate future genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic or metabolomic studies on Angiostrongylus.
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Makyio H, Takeuchi T, Tamura M, Nishiyama K, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Arata Y, Kasai KI, Yamada Y, Wakatsuki S, Kato R. Structural basis of preferential binding of fucose-containing saccharide by the Caenorhabditis elegans galectin LEC-6. Glycobiology 2013; 23:797-805. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Ma G, Schmidt O, Keller M. Pre-feeding of a glycolipid binding protein LEC-8 from Caenorhabditis elegans revealed enhanced tolerance to Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 2:97-103. [PMID: 24371572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Crystal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis bind to glycolipids and glycoproteins using two different lectin domains in the toxin protein. Our previous observations suggested that the sequestration of crystal toxin depends on the functional interaction of a toxin lectin with glycolipids. Given the finding that competition of a galectin LEC-8 with Cry5B for binding to glycolipids resulting in reduced Bt toxicity in nematode, it is interesting to explore the role of LEC-8 in insects. Here, we reported that the LEC-8 can also be exploited by insect for their survival when they were fed with Bt toxin food. Bioassay with LEC-8 showed that pre-feeding of Helicoverpa armigera larvae reduced the Cry1Ac susceptibility. Both LEC-8 and Cry1Ac bind to the midgut glycolipid in a similar way. Further ELISA indicated that LEC-8 interacts with glycolipid from insect midgut, thus reduce Cry1Ac binding to glycolipid. This in turn enhances insect tolerance to Cry1Ac toxin. The sugar determinants of LEC-8 were studied by using haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. It was suggested that the terminal sugar of LEC-8 has multiple sugar binding property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Otto Schmidt
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Mike Keller
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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28
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Temmerman L, Bogaerts A, Meelkop E, Cardoen D, Boerjan B, Janssen T, Schoofs L. A proteomic approach to neuropeptide function elucidation. Peptides 2012; 34:3-9. [PMID: 21920396 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many of the diverse functions of neuropeptides are still elusive. As they are ideally suited to modulate traditional signaling, their added actions are not always detectable under standard laboratory conditions. The search for function assignment to peptide encoding genes can therefore greatly benefit from molecular information. Specific molecular changes resulting from neuropeptide signaling may direct researchers to yet unknown processes or conditions, for which studying these signaling systems may eventually lead to phenotypic confirmation. Here, we applied gel-based proteomics after pdf-1 neuropeptide gene knockout in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. It has previously been described that pdf-1 null mutants display a locomotion defect, being slower and making more turns and reversals than wild type worms. The vertebrate functional homolog of PDF-1, vasocative intestinal peptide (VIP), is known to influence a plethora of processes, which have so far not been investigated for pdf-1. Because proteins represent the actual effectors inside an organism, proteomic analysis can guide our view to novel pdf-1 actions in the nematode worm. Our data show that knocking out pdf-1 results in alteration of levels of proteins involved in fat metabolism, stress resistance and development. This indicates a possible conservation of VIP-like actions for pdf-1 in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Temmerman
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Naamsestraat 59, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Takeuchi T, Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Galectin LEC-6 interacts with glycoprotein F57F4.4 to cooperatively regulate the growth of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1139-42. [PMID: 21720028 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To study the endogenous counterpart of LEC-6, a major galectin in Caenorhabditis elegans, the proteomic analysis of glycoproteins captured by an immobilized LEC-6 column was performed using the nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. A protein recovered in a significant amount was determined to be either F57F4.3 or F57F4.4, although the method used could not determine which protein was the actual counterpart. Because the knockdown of the F57F4.3/4 genes in C. elegans is reported to cause growth retardation, we performed a double knockdown of the lec-6 and F57F4.3/4 genes. Although the RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) of lec-6 led to no obvious phenotype, the RNAi of both the lec-6 and F57F4.3/4 genes led to a significant reduction in growth rate when compared to the RNAi of F57F4.3/4 alone. Furthermore, to clarify which protein, F57F4.3 or F57F4.4, was responsible for the retarded growth, the levels of the F57F4.3/4 proteins expressed in a C. elegans wild type and a mutant lacking part of the F57F4.3 gene were compared. The levels of protein expressed by the wild type and the mutant were not significantly different, suggesting that the F57F4.3 protein contributes very little to growth retardation and that the major glycoprotein that interacts with LEC-6 is the F57F4.4 protein. These results suggest that binding with LEC-6 supports the function of F57F4.4 and that their cooperative functioning regulates the growth of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1–1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350–0295, Japan.
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Caenorhabditis elegans proteins captured by immobilized Galβ1-4Fuc disaccharide units: assignment of 3 annexins. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1837-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Iwaki J, Tateno H, Nishi N, Minamisawa T, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Itakura Y, Kominami J, Urashima T, Nakamura T, Hirabayashi J. The Galβ-(syn)-gauche configuration is required for galectin-recognition disaccharides. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Ewbank JJ, Zugasti O. C. elegans: model host and tool for antimicrobial drug discovery. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:300-4. [PMID: 21504910 PMCID: PMC3097103 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost four decades, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been of great value in many fields of biological research. It is now used extensively in studies of microbial pathogenesis and innate immunity. The worm lacks an adaptive immune system and relies solely on its innate immune defences to cope with pathogen attack. Infectious microbes, many of which are of clinical interest, trigger specific mechanisms of innate immunity, and provoke the expression of antifungal or antibacterial polypeptides. In this review, we highlight some of these families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins that are candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. In addition, we describe how systems of C. elegans infection provide an increasing number of possibilities for large-scale in vivo screens for the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. These systems open promising perspectives for innovative human therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Ewbank
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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Zhang D, Jiang S, Hu Y, Cui S, Guo H, Wu K, Li Y, Su T. A multidomain galectin involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1-6. [PMID: 20813129 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Galectins could specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, the cDNA of a galectin with multiple carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) was cloned from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (designated as PoGal). PoGal cDNA was 2138bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 120bp, a 3'-UTR of 350bp with two cytokine RNA instability motifs (ATTTA), and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1668bp encoding a polypeptide of 555 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 63.4kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.8. PoGal contained four CRDs, each CRD of PoGal all had the conserved carbohydrate-binding motifs H-NPR and WG-ER. PoGal shared 43.7% and 62.9% identity to those of bay scallop and eastern oyster, respectively, which were only two galectins with four CRDs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all galectins with four CRDs formed a single clade. PoGal mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, and the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated in digestive gland, mantle, haemocyte, gonad and intestine after Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation. The expression profile analysis showed that the expression level of PoGal mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 4, 8 and 12h after V. alginolyticus stimulation. These results suggested that PoGal was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that perhaps involved in innate immune response of pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchang Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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34
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Nishiyama K, Yamada A, Takeuchi T, Arata Y, Kasai KI, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Synthesis of New Gal.BETA.1.RAR.4Fuc Segments Useful for Biological Investigations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:1307-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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35
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Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Takai S, Takeuchi T, Arata Y, Nishiyama K, Yamada A, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Kasai KI. The DC2.3 Gene in Caenorhabditis elegans Encodes a Galectin That Recognizes the Galactose.BETA.1.RAR.4Fucose Disaccharide Unit. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1635-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Shunsuke Takai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Kazusa Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Ken-ichi Kasai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
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36
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Takeuchi T, Sugiura KI, Nishiyama K, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Sugar-Binding Properties of the Two Lectin Domains of LEC-1 with Respect to the Gal.BETA.1-4Fuc Disaccharide Unit Present in Protostomia Glycoconjugates. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1134-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Ken-ichi Sugiura
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Kazusa Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Ken-ichi Kasai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
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Maduzia LL, Yu E, Zhang Y. Caenorhabditis elegans galectins LEC-6 and LEC-10 interact with similar glycoconjugates in the intestine. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4371-81. [PMID: 21115491 PMCID: PMC3039406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of metazoan proteins that show binding to various β-galactoside-containing glycans. Because of a lack of proper tools, the interaction of galectins with their specific glycan ligands in the cells and tissues are largely unknown. We have investigated the localization of galectin ligands in Caenorhabditis elegans using a novel technology that relies on the high binding specificity between galectins and their endogenous ligands. Fluorescently labeled recombinant galectin fusions are found to bind to ligands located in diverse tissues including the intestine, pharynx, and the rectal valve. Consistent with their role as galactoside-binding proteins, the interaction with their ligands is inhibited by galactose or lactose. Two of the galectins, LEC-6 and LEC-10, recognize ligands that co-localize along the intestinal lumen. The ligands for LEC-6 and LEC-10 are absent in three glycosylation mutants bre-1, fut-8, and galt-1, which have been shown to be required to synthesize the Gal-β1,4-Fuc modifications of the core N-glycans unique to C. elegans and several other invertebrates. Both galectins pull down the same set of glycoproteins in a manner dependent on the presence of these carbohydrate modifications. Endogenous LEC-6 and LEC-10 are expressed in the intestinal cells, but they are localized to different subcellular compartments that do not appear to overlap with each other or with the location of their glycan targets. An altered subcellular distribution of these ligands is found in mutants lacking both galectins. These results suggest a model where LEC-6 and LEC-10 interact with glycoproteins through specific glycans to regulate their cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Maduzia
- New England Biolabs, Inc, Ipswich, Massachusetts 01938, USA
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Rao W, Isaac RE, Keen JN. An analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans lipid raft proteome using geLC-MS/MS. J Proteomics 2010; 74:242-53. [PMID: 21070894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are microdomains of the phospholipid bilayer, proposed to form semi-stable "islands" that act as a platform for several important cellular processes; major classes of raft-resident proteins include signalling proteins and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Proteomic studies into lipid rafts have been mainly carried out in mammalian cell lines and single cell organisms. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the model organism with a well-defined developmental profile, is ideally suited for the study of this subcellular locale in a complex developmental context. A study of the lipid raft proteome of C. elegans is presented here. A total of 44 proteins were identified from the lipid raft fraction using geLC-MS/MS, of which 40 have been determined to be likely raft proteins after analysis of predicted functions. Prediction of GPI-anchoring of the proteins found 21 to be potentially modified in this way, two of which were experimentally confirmed to be GPI-anchored. This work is the first reported study of the lipid raft proteome in C. elegans. The results show that raft proteins, including numerous GPI-anchored proteins, may have a variety of potentially important roles within the nematode, and will hopefully lead to C. elegans becoming a useful model for the study of lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Bogaerts A, Temmerman L, Boerjan B, Husson SJ, Schoofs L, Verleyen P. A differential proteomics study of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:690-698. [PMID: 20149819 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The striking similarities between the innate defences of vertebrates and invertebrates as well as the amenability of Caenorhabditis elegans for genetic analysis, have made this free-living ground nematode a popular model system in the study of bacterial pathogenesis. Although genetic studies have brought new insights, showing the inducibility and pathogen-specificity of the immune response, there is still much to be discovered about the exact mechanisms underlying resistance to infection. In this paper a different angle was adopted to study host-pathogen interactions in C. elegans. We report the application of differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), combined with mass spectrometry to search for proteins that are differentially synthesised in the worm after infection with the gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Given the dynamic nature of an immune response, the proteome of C. elegans was investigated at three different time-points after infection. A total of 65 differential proteins were identified. This study confirms the involvement of galectins, C-type lectins and lipid binding proteins in the immunity of C. elegans. In addition a number of unknown proteins, which might represent important players of the worm's defence system, were isolated and identified. This work gives a first indication of the complex changes that occur at the protein level during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bogaerts
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, K.U. Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Lee DW, Seo JB, Nam MH, Kang JS, Kim SY, Kim AY, Kim WT, Choi JK, Um Y, Lee Y, Moon IS, Han HR, Koh SH, Je YH, Lim KJ, Lee SH, Koh YH. A combination of biochemical and proteomic analyses reveals Bx-LEC-1 as an antigenic target for the monoclonal antibody 3-2A7-2H5-D9-F10 specific to the pine wood nematode. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 10:M900521-MCP200. [PMID: 20410377 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900521-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of the most devastating forest diseases in Asia and Europe. The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has been identified as the pathogen underlying PWD, although the pathology is not completely understood. At present, diagnosis and confirmation of PWD are time consuming tasks that require nematode extraction and microscopic examination. To develop a more efficient detection method for B. xylophilus, we first generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to B. xylophilus. Among 2304 hybridoma fusions screened, a hybridoma clone named 3-2A7-2H5 recognized a single protein from B. xylophilus specifically, but not those from other closely related nematodes. We finally selected the MAb clone 3-2A7-2H5-D9-F10 (D9-F10) for further studies. To identify the antigenic target of MAb-D9-F10, we analyzed proteins in spots, fractions, or bands isolated from SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis, anion exchange chromatography, and immunoprecipitation via nano liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-Q-IT-MS). Peptides of galactose-binding lectin-1 of B. xylophilus (Bx-LEC-1) were commonly detected in several proteomic analyses, demonstrating that this LEC-1 is the antigenic target of MAb-D9-F10. The localization of MAb-D9-F10 immunoreactivities at the area of the median bulb and esophageal glands suggested that the Bx-LEC-1 may be involved in food perception and digestion. The Bx-LEC-1 has two nonidentical galactose-binding lectin domains important for carbohydrate binding. The affinity of the Bx-LEC-1 to D-(+)-raffinose and N-acetyllactosamine were much higher than that to L-(+)-rhamnose. Based on this combination of evidences, MAb-D9-F10 is the first identified molecular biomarker specific to the Bx-LEC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Weon Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Nemoto-Sasaki Y, Kasai KI. Deletion of lec-10, a galectin-encoding gene, increases susceptibility to oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1973-7. [PMID: 19952414 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins. They are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological phenomena in mammals. However, little is known about their roles in invertebrates. Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-characterized model organism whose complete genome has been sequenced. C. elegans is now being studied extensively in various fields of medical sciences. In this study, we examined the phenotypes of a mutant strain of C. elegans (tm1262) lacking lec-10, a galectin-encoding gene. We observed no difference in the rates of embryonic lethality and larval arrest/slow growth between this mutant strain and the wild-type strain. No apparent morphological defect was observed in the lec-10-deletion mutant (tm1262). Moreover, the life-spans of this mutant and the wild-type strain were equivalent. However, this mutant showed significantly greater susceptibility to paraquat and hydrogen peroxide than the wild type did. The lec-10-deletion mutants (tm1262) were as susceptible as the daf-16-deletion mutants (mu86) to paraquat and hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the deletion of lec-10 does not have a notable effect on the worm's survival under laboratory conditions. However, this study indicates that lec-10 does confer some protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Teikyo University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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42
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Nishiyama K, Yamada A, Takahashi M, Takeuchi T, Kasai KI, Kobayashi S, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Synthesis of Fluorescence-Labeled Gal.BETA.1-3Fuc and Gal.BETA.1-4Fuc as Probes for the Endogenous Glyco-Epitope Recognized by Galectins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:495-500. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Takeuchi T, Nishiyama K, Sugiura KI, Takahashi M, Yamada A, Kobayashi S, Takahashi H, Natsugari H, Kasai KI. Caenorhabditis elegans galectins LEC-6 and LEC-1 recognize a chemically synthesized Gal 1-4Fuc disaccharide unit which is present in Protostomia glycoconjugates. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1503-10. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Ideo H, Fukushima K, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Dejima K, Nomura K, Yamashita K. A Caenorhabditis elegans glycolipid-binding galectin functions in host defense against bacterial infection. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26493-501. [PMID: 19635802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins that are widely found among animal species and that regulate diverse biological phenomena. To study the biological function of glycolipid-binding galectins, we purified recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans galectins (LEC-1-11) and studied their binding to C. elegans glycolipids. We found that LEC-8 binds to glycolipids in C. elegans through carbohydrate recognition. It has been reported that Cry5B-producing Bacillus thuringiensis strains can infect C. elegans and that the C. elegans Cry5B receptor molecules are glycolipids. We found that Cry5B and LEC-8 bound to C. elegans glycolipid-coated plates in a dose-dependent manner and that Cry5B binding to glycolipids was inhibited by the addition of LEC-8. LEC-8 is usually expressed strongly in the pharyngeal-intestinal valve and intestinal-rectal valve and is expressed weakly in intestine. However, when C. elegans were fed Escherichia coli expressing Cry5B, intestinal LEC-8::EGFP protein levels increased markedly. In contrast, LEC-8::EGFP expression triggered by Cry5B was reduced in toxin-resistant C. elegans mutants, which had mutations in genes involved in biosynthesis of glycolipids. Moreover, the LEC-8-deficient mutant was more susceptible to Cry5B than wild-type worms. These results suggest that the glycolipid-binding lectin LEC-8 contributes to host defense against bacterial infection by competitive binding to target glycolipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ideo
- Innovative Research Initiatives, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, USA
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Abstract
Galectins, which were first characterized in the mid-1970s, were assigned a role in the recognition of endogenous ('self') carbohydrate ligands in embryogenesis, development and immune regulation. Recently, however, galectins have been shown to bind glycans on the surface of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and function as recognition and effector factors in innate immunity. Some parasites subvert the recognition roles of the vector or host galectins to ensure successful attachment or invasion. This Review discusses the role of galectins in microbial infection, with particular emphasis on adaptations of pathogens to evasion or subversion of host galectin-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo R Vasta
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, Columbus Center, Baltimore, 21202, USA.
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Kaltner H, Solís D, André S, Lensch M, Manning JC, Mürnseer M, Sáiz JL, Gabius HJ. Unique Chicken Tandem-Repeat-Type Galectin: Implications of Alternative Splicing and a Distinct Expression Profile Compared to Those of the Three Proto-Type Proteins. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4403-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900083q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kaltner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Martin Lensch
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Joachim C. Manning
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Michael Mürnseer
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - José Luis Sáiz
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 München, Germany
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