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Qin X, Wang B, Lu X, Song Y, Wang W. Identification and Validation of a PEX5-Dependent Signature for Prognostic Prediction in Glioma. Biomolecules 2024; 14:314. [PMID: 38540734 PMCID: PMC10967733 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer, are known to exhibit metabolic alterations that facilitate tumor growth, invasion, and resistance to therapies. Peroxisomes, essential organelles responsible for fatty acid oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, rely on the receptor PEX5 for the import of metabolic enzymes into their matrix. However, the prognostic significance of peroxisomal enzymes for glioma patients remains unclear. In this study, we elucidate that PEX5 is indispensable for the cell growth, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. We establish a robust prognosis model based on the expression of peroxisomal enzymes, whose localization relies on PEX5. This PEX5-dependent signature not only serves as a robust prognosis model capable of accurately predicting outcomes for glioma patients, but also effectively distinguishes several clinicopathological features, including the grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, and 1p19q codeletion status. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram that integrates the prognostic model with other clinicopathological factors, demonstrating highly accurate performance in estimating patient survival. Patients classified into the high-risk group based on our prognostic model exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Finally, our validation reveals that the elevated expression of GSTK1, an antioxidant enzyme within the signature, promotes the cell growth and migration of glioma cells, with this effect dependent on the peroxisomal targeting signal recognized by PEX5. These findings identify the PEX5-dependent signature as a promising prognostic tool for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Zhang L, Ren S, Sang Y, Hu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Li Y. miR-30d-5p inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by targeting SERPINE1 and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5856-5865. [PMID: 38393683 PMCID: PMC11042962 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is among the top three most prevalent cancers across the world, especially in women, and its pathogenesis is still unknown. Fatty acid β-oxidation is highly associated with breast cancer. Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1)-induced down-regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation can facilitate BC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this paper, the difference of miR-30d-5p expressions in both cancerous tissues and para-carcinoma tissues was first detected. Next, the expressions of SERPINE1, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in the aforementioned tissues were analyzed. Finally, miR-30d-5p mimics were supplemented to breast cancer cells to observe the miR-30d-5p effect upon breast cancer cells. Via immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting, it was found that cancerous tissues had lower expressions of miR-30d-5p, MCAD and LCAD and a higher expression of SERPINE1 than para-carcinoma tissues. The miR-30d-5p mimic group had a decreased SERPINE1 expression and increased MCAD and LCAD expressions compared with the NC group, thus inhibiting BC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. To sum up, miR-30d-5p blocks the cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis by targeting SERPINE1 and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Preclinical studies are further required to establish a fatty acid β-oxidation-targeting therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Shuguang Ren
- Animal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Sang
- Animal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Animal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
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3
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Neha, Chaudhary S, Tiwari P, Parvez S. Amelioration of Phytanic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity by Nutraceuticals: Mechanistic Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03985-0. [PMID: 38374317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phytanic acid (PA) (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a methyl-branched fatty acid that enters the body through food consumption, primarily through red meat, dairy products, and fatty marine foods. The metabolic byproduct of phytol is PA, which is then oxidized by the ruminal microbiota and some marine species. The first methyl group at the 3-position prevents the β-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA). Instead, α-oxidation of PA results in the production of pristanic acid (2,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) with CO2. This fatty acid (FA) builds up in individuals with certain peroxisomal disorders and is historically linked to neurological impairment. It also causes oxidative stress in synaptosomes, as demonstrated by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a sign of oxidative stress. This review concludes that the nutraceuticals (melatonin, piperine, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), coenzyme Q10, ω-3 FA) can reduce oxidative stress and enhanced the activity of mitochondria. Furthermore, the use of nutraceuticals completely reversed the neurotoxic effects of PA on NO level and membrane potential. Additionally, the review further emphasizes the urgent need for more research into dairy-derived BCFAs and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Shaista Chaudhary
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Prachi Tiwari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062, India.
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4
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Plessner M, Thiele L, Hofhuis J, Thoms S. Tissue-specific roles of peroxisomes revealed by expression meta-analysis. Biol Direct 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38365851 PMCID: PMC10873952 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are primarily studied in the brain, kidney, and liver due to the conspicuous tissue-specific pathology of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. In contrast, little is known about the role of peroxisomes in other tissues such as the heart. In this meta-analysis, we explore mitochondrial and peroxisomal gene expression on RNA and protein levels in the brain, heart, kidney, and liver, focusing on lipid metabolism. Further, we evaluate a potential developmental and heart region-dependent specificity of our gene set. We find marginal expression of the enzymes for peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in cardiac tissue in comparison to the liver or cardiac mitochondrial β-oxidation. However, the expression of peroxisome biogenesis proteins in the heart is similar to other tissues despite low levels of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Strikingly, peroxisomal targeting signal type 2-containing factors and plasmalogen biosynthesis appear to play a fundamental role in explaining the essential protective and supporting functions of cardiac peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Plessner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Leonie Thiele
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Hofhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Prado LG, Camara NOS, Barbosa AS. Cell lipid biology in infections: an overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148383. [PMID: 37868347 PMCID: PMC10587689 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a big family of molecules with a vast number of functions in the cell membranes, within the cytoplasm, and extracellularly. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the most common storage organelles and are present in almost every tissue type in the body. They also have structural functions serving as building blocks of cellular membranes and may be precursors of other molecules such as hormones, and lipoproteins, and as messengers in signal transduction. Fatty acids (FAs), such as sterol esters and triacylglycerols, are stored in LDs and are used in β-oxidation as fuel for tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. FA uptake and entrance in the cytoplasm are mediated by membrane receptors. After a cytoplasmic round of α- and β-oxidation, FAs are guided into the mitochondrial matrix by the L-carnitine shuttle system, where they are fully metabolized, and enter the TCA cycle. Pathogen infections may lead to impaired lipid metabolism, usage of membrane phospholipids, and LD accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Otherwise, bacterial pathogens may use lipid metabolism as a carbon source, thus altering the reactions and leading to cellular and organelles malfunctioning. This review aims to describe cellular lipid metabolism and alterations that occur upon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Gavião Prado
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Mori K, Naganuma T, Kihara A. Role of 2-hydroxy acyl-CoA lyase HACL2 in odd-chain fatty acid production via α-oxidation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar85. [PMID: 37285239 PMCID: PMC10398889 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most fatty acids (FAs) are even chain, certain tissues, including brain, contain relatively large quantities of odd-chain FAs in their sphingolipids. One of the pathways producing odd-chain FAs is the α-oxidation of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs, where 2-OH acyl-CoA lyases (HACL1 and HACL2) catalyze the key cleavage reaction. However, the contribution of each HACL to odd-chain FA production in vivo remains unknown. Here, we found that HACL2 and HACL1 play major roles in the α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs (especially very-long-chain types) and 3-methyl FAs (other α-oxidation substrates), respectively, using ectopic expression systems of human HACL2 and HACL1 in yeast and analyzing Hacl1 and/or Hacl2 knockout (KO) CHO-K1 cells. We then generated Hacl2 KO mice and measured the quantities of odd-chain and 2-OH lipids (free FAs and sphingolipids [ceramides, sphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides]) in 17 tissues. We observed fewer odd-chain lipids and more 2-OH lipids in many tissues of Hacl2 KO mice than in wild-type mice, and of these differences the reductions were most prominent for odd-chain monohexosylceramides in the brain and ceramides in the stomach. These results indicate that HACL2-involved α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs is mainly responsible for odd-chain FA production in the brain and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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7
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Gigliotta A, Trontti K, Väänänen J, Hovatta I. Gene expression profiling reveals a role of immune system and inflammation in innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Front Genet 2023; 14:1173376. [PMID: 37260777 PMCID: PMC10229056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response that is essential for survival. Pathological anxiety, however, is a maladaptive response to nonthreatening situations and greatly affects quality of life. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and highlighted the urge to identify the molecular events that initiate pathological anxiety. To this aim, we investigated the extent of similarity of brain region-specific gene expression patterns associated with innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. We compared the cortico-frontal (FCx) and hippocampal (Hpc) gene expression patterns of five inbred mouse strains with high or low levels of innate anxiety-like behavior with gene expression patterns of mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We found significantly large overlap of the Hpc but small overlap of the FCx gene expression patterns in innate and stress-induced anxiety, that however, converged onto common inflammation and immune system canonical pathways. Comparing the gene expression data with drug-gene interaction datasets revealed drug candidates, including medrysone, simvastatin, captopril, and sulpiride, that produced gene expression changes opposite to those observed in innate or stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Together, our data provide a comprehensive overview of FCx and Hpc gene expression differences between innate and stress-induced anxiety and support the role of inflammation and immune system in anxiety-like behavior.
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8
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Ranea-Robles P, Houten SM. The biochemistry and physiology of long-chain dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Biochem J 2023; 480:607-627. [PMID: 37140888 PMCID: PMC10214252 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation is the most prominent pathway for fatty acid oxidation but alternative oxidative metabolism exists. Fatty acid ω-oxidation is one of these pathways and forms dicarboxylic acids as products. These dicarboxylic acids are metabolized through peroxisomal β-oxidation representing an alternative pathway, which could potentially limit the toxic effects of fatty acid accumulation. Although dicarboxylic acid metabolism is highly active in liver and kidney, its role in physiology has not been explored in depth. In this review, we summarize the biochemical mechanism of the formation and degradation of dicarboxylic acids through ω- and β-oxidation, respectively. We will discuss the role of dicarboxylic acids in different (patho)physiological states with a particular focus on the role of the intermediates and products generated through peroxisomal β-oxidation. This review is expected to increase the understanding of dicarboxylic acid metabolism and spark future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor of the brain defined by its uniform lethality and resistance to conventional therapies. There have been considerable efforts to untangle the metabolic underpinnings of this disease to find novel therapeutic avenues for treatment. An emerging focus in this field is fatty acid (FA) metabolism, which is critical for numerous diverse biological processes involved in GBM pathogenesis. These processes can be classified into four broad fates: anabolism, catabolism, regulation of ferroptosis, and the generation of signaling molecules. Each fate provides a unique perspective by which we can inspect GBM biology and gives us a road map to understanding this complicated field. This Review discusses the basic, translational, and clinical insights into each of these fates to provide a contemporary understanding of FA biology in GBM. It is clear, based on the literature, that there are far more questions than answers in the field of FA metabolism in GBM, and substantial efforts should be made to untangle these complex processes in this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Can individual fatty acids be used as functional biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in relation to cardiometabolic health? A narrative review. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2373-2386. [PMID: 35086579 PMCID: PMC9723489 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose-response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and in vitro studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.
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11
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Kruse LH, Bennett AA, Mahood EH, Lazarus E, Park SJ, Schroeder F, Moghe GD. Illuminating the lineage-specific diversification of resin glycoside acylsugars in the morning glory (Convolvulaceae) family using computational metabolomics. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab079. [PMID: 35039851 PMCID: PMC8825387 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars are a class of plant defense compounds produced across many distantly related families. Members of the horticulturally important morning glory (Convolvulaceae) family produce a diverse sub-class of acylsugars called resin glycosides (RGs), which comprise oligosaccharide cores, hydroxyacyl chain(s), and decorating aliphatic and aromatic acyl chains. While many RG structures are characterized, the extent of structural diversity of this class in different genera and species is not known. In this study, we asked whether there has been lineage-specific diversification of RG structures in different Convolvulaceae species that may suggest diversification of the underlying biosynthetic pathways. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed from root and leaf extracts of 26 species sampled in a phylogeny-guided manner. LC-MS/MS revealed thousands of peaks with signature RG fragmentation patterns with one species producing over 300 signals, mirroring the diversity in Solanaceae-type acylsugars. A novel RG from Dichondra argentea was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, supporting previous observations of RGs with open hydroxyacyl chains instead of closed macrolactone ring structures. Substantial lineage-specific differentiation in utilization of sugars, hydroxyacyl chains, and decorating acyl chains was discovered, especially among Ipomoea and Convolvulus - the two largest genera in Convolvulaceae. Adopting a computational, knowledge-based strategy, we further developed a high-recall workflow that successfully explained ~72% of the MS/MS fragments, predicted the structural components of 11/13 previously characterized RGs, and partially annotated ~45% of the RGs. Overall, this study improves our understanding of phytochemical diversity and lays a foundation for characterizing the evolutionary mechanisms underlying RG diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Kruse
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Present Address: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alexandra A Bennett
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Present Address: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Elizabeth H Mahood
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Elena Lazarus
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Se Jin Park
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Frank Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gaurav D Moghe
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Yin J, Wang H, Hong Y, Ren A, Wang H, Liu L, Zhao Q. Identification of an at-risk subpopulation with high immune infiltration based on the peroxisome pathway and TIM3 in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:44. [PMID: 34996408 PMCID: PMC8739708 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisomes are pivotal metabolic organelles that exist in almost all eukaryote cells. A reduction in numbers and enzymatic activities of peroxisomes was found in colon adenocarcinomas. However, the role of peroxisomes or the peroxisome pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not defined. Methods In the current study, a peroxisome score was calculated to indicate the activity of the peroxisome pathway using gene set variant analysis based on transcriptomic datasets. CIBERSORTx was chosen to infer enriched immune cells for tumors among subgroups. The SubMap algorithm was applied to predict its sensitivity to immunotherapy. Results The patients with a relatively low peroxisome score and high level of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) presented the worse overall survival than others. Moreover, low peroxisome scores were associated with high infiltration of lymphocytes and poor prognosis in those CRC patients. Thus, a PERLowTIM3High CRC risk subpopulation was identified and characterized by high immune infiltration. The results also showed that CD8 T cells and macrophages highly infiltrated tumors of the PERLowTIM3High group, regardless of consortium molecular subtype and microsatellite instability status. This subgroup had the highest tumor mutational burden and overexpression of immune checkpoint genes. Further, the PERLowTIM3High group showed a higher probability of responding to programmed cell death protein-1-based immunotherapy. In addition, genes involved in peroxisomal metabolic processes in CRC were also investigated since peroxisome is a rather pleiotropic and highly metabolic organelle in cell. The results indicated that only those genes involved in fatty acid alpha oxidation could be used to stratify CRC patients as similar as peroxisome pathway genes. Conclusions We revealed the favorable prognostic value of the peroxisome pathway in CRC and provided a new CRC stratification based on peroxisomes and TIM3, which might be helpful for CRC diagnostics and personalized treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09085-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuntian Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China. .,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China. .,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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13
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Manca C, Carta G, Murru E, Abolghasemi A, Ansar H, Errigo A, Cani PD, Banni S, Pes GM. Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity. GeroScience 2021; 43:1783-1798. [PMID: 33650014 PMCID: PMC8492808 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a peculiar plasma profile of fatty acids and endocannabinoidome (eCBome)-related mediators may be associated to longevity, we assessed them in octogenarians (Old; n=42) living in the east-central mountain area of Sardinia, a High-Longevity Zone (HLZ), compared to sexagenarian (Young; n=21) subjects from the same area, and to Olds (n=22) from the Northern Sardinia indicated as Lower-Longevity Zone (LLZ). We found significant increases in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) levels in Old-HLZ with respect to younger subjects and Old-LLZ subjects. Young-HLZ subjects exhibited higher circulating levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and retinol. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was elevated in both Young and Old subjects from the HLZ. eCBome profile showed a significantly increased plasma level of the two endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in Old-HLZ subjects compared to Young-HLZ and Old-LLZ respectively. In addition, we found increased N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-LG) and 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG) levels in Old-HLZ group with respect to Young-HLZ (as for OEA an d 2-LG) and both the Old-LLZ and Young-HLZ for 2-OG. The endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA) was significantly increased in Old-HLZ subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the HLZ area, Young and Old subjects exhibited a favourable, albeit distinctive, fatty acids and eCBome profile that may be indicative of a metabolic pattern potentially protective from adverse chronic conditions. These factors could point to a suitable physiological metabolic pattern that may counteract the adverse stimuli leading to age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Hastimansooreh Ansar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, Ogliastra, Italy
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14
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Martina M, Tikunov Y, Portis E, Bovy AG. The Genetic Basis of Tomato Aroma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020226. [PMID: 33557308 PMCID: PMC7915847 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) aroma is determined by the interaction of volatile compounds (VOCs) released by the tomato fruits with receptors in the nose, leading to a sensorial impression, such as "sweet", "smoky", or "fruity" aroma. Of the more than 400 VOCs released by tomato fruits, 21 have been reported as main contributors to the perceived tomato aroma. These VOCs can be grouped in five clusters, according to their biosynthetic origins. In the last decades, a vast array of scientific studies has investigated the genetic component of tomato aroma in modern tomato cultivars and their relatives. In this paper we aim to collect, compare, integrate and summarize the available literature on flavour-related QTLs in tomato. Three hundred and 5ifty nine (359) QTLs associated with tomato fruit VOCs were physically mapped on the genome and investigated for the presence of potential candidate genes. This review makes it possible to (i) pinpoint potential donors described in literature for specific traits, (ii) highlight important QTL regions by combining information from different populations, and (iii) pinpoint potential candidate genes. This overview aims to be a valuable resource for researchers aiming to elucidate the genetics underlying tomato flavour and for breeders who aim to improve tomato aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Martina
- DISAFA, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ezio Portis
- DISAFA, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.G.B.); Tel.: +39-011-6708807 (E.P.); +31-317-480762 (A.G.B.)
| | - Arnaud G. Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.G.B.); Tel.: +39-011-6708807 (E.P.); +31-317-480762 (A.G.B.)
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15
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Izadi B, Mohebbi-Fani M, Hosseinzadeh S, Shekarforoush SS, Nazifi S, Rasooli A. Alteration of fatty acid profile of milk in Holstein cows fed Bacillus coagulans as probiotic: a field study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:100-106. [PMID: 34306106 PMCID: PMC8294820 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38159.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics may improve milk quality and the general health status of animals. AIMS The effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans PRM101 on milk components, milk fatty acids (FA), and some health indicators of dairy cows were investigated. METHODS The probiotic was added to the feed of 12 Holstein cows (2 g/cow: 2 × 1011 CFU/cow) for 63 days compared to a control group fed on the basal ration (n=11). Milk and blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, 42, and 63. RESULTS The yields of milk and energy corrected milk (ECM; computed from milk weight and its fat and protein content) decreased linearly and similarly (P=0.60) in both groups. The treatment cows, however, showed quadratic increases in the weights of milk (P=0.03) and ECM (P=0.04) at d42 of the study. Energy corrected milk (d42, P<0.05) and crude protein content of milk (d42, P<0.05; d63, P<0.1) were higher in the cows receiving the probiotic. The proportions of heptadecanoic (C17:0; P=0.002) and linoleic (C18:2; P=0.077) acids in milk fat (g/100 g fat) were higher in the treatment cows on d63. Milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and similarly, amyloid A (AA) and haptoglobin (Hp) of milk and blood were not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and MDA were negatively correlated in the control group (r=-0.669, P=0.005). Heptadecanoic acid correlated negatively with milk MDA (r=-0.611, P=0.035) and positively (r=0.591, P=0.043) with serum Hp in the treatment cows. CONCLUSION Dietary B. coagulans PRM101 may improve the proportions of C17:0 and C18:2 FA in milk. Some improvements in milk protein and the health status of the cows may also be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Izadi
- Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. S. Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Rasooli
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Rose J, Brian C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission and Redox Balance. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536682. [PMID: 33224019 PMCID: PMC7674659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.536682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), anaplerotic inputs and cataplerotic outputs, as well as carbon shuttles to neurons, which highlight the metabolic specialization of astrocytic mitochondria and its relevance to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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17
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Melatonin-Nrf2 Signaling Activates Peroxisomal Activities in Porcine Cumulus Cell-Oocyte Complexes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111080. [PMID: 33153240 PMCID: PMC7692444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and Nrf2 signaling synergistically improve mammalian oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested an interplay between peroxisomes and Nrf2 signaling in cells, but it is still unclear whether peroxisomes are involved in oocyte maturation. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible roles of peroxisomes in the melatonin-Nrf2 signaling pathway during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. Porcine oocytes were treated with melatonin (10-9 M) and brusatol, a Nrf2 specific inhibitor, in order to investigate the mechanism. Then, the rates of maturation and related gene and protein expression were analyzed. During oocyte maturation, melatonin upregulated the expression of gene and protein related to Nrf2 signaling and peroxisomal activities; RNA sequencing partially validated these results. Our results demonstrate that melatonin can activate Nrf2 signaling by binding to melatonin receptor 2, resulting in the upregulation of catalase. Moreover, peroxisomes were also found to be activated in response to melatonin treatment, causing the activation of catalase; together with Nrf2 signaling, peroxisomes synergistically prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced oocyte quality. Thus, we suggest that a crosstalk might exist between Nrf2 signaling and peroxisomal activities in porcine oocytes.
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18
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Staps P, Rizzo WB, Vaz FM, Bugiani M, Giera M, Heijs B, van Kampen AHC, Pras‐Raves ML, Breur M, Groen A, Ferdinandusse S, van der Graaf M, Van Goethem G, Lammens M, Wevers RA, Willemsen MAAP. Disturbed brain ether lipid metabolism and histology in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1265-1278. [PMID: 32557630 PMCID: PMC7689726 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic syndrome caused by deficient fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Patients exhibit intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, and ichthyosis. The accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes has been demonstrated in plasma and skin but never in brain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies, however, have shown an abundant lipid peak in the white matter of patients with SLS, suggesting lipid accumulation in the brain as well. Using histopathology, mass spectrometry imaging, and lipidomics, we studied the morphology and the lipidome of a postmortem brain of a 65-year-old female patient with genetically confirmed SLS and compared the results with a matched control brain. Histopathological analyses revealed structural white matter abnormalities with the presence of small lipid droplets, deficient myelin, and astrogliosis. Biochemically, severely disturbed lipid profiles were found in both white and gray matter of the SLS brain, with accumulation of fatty alcohols and ether lipids. Particularly, long-chain unsaturated ether lipid species accumulated, most prominently in white matter. Also, there was a striking accumulation of odd-chain fatty alcohols and odd-chain ether(phospho)lipids. Our results suggest that the central nervous system involvement in SLS is caused by the accumulation of fatty alcohols leading to a disbalance between ether lipid and glycero(phospho)lipid metabolism resulting in a profoundly disrupted brain lipidome. Our data show that SLS is not a pure leukoencephalopathy, but also a gray matter disease. Additionally, the histopathological abnormalities suggest that astrocytes and microglia might play a pivotal role in the underlying disease mechanism, possibly contributing to the impairment of myelin maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa Staps
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
| | - William B. Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research InstituteUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics & MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Antoine H. C. van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mia L. Pras‐Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Annemieke Groen
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical CenterAmalia Children's HospitalNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Gert Van Goethem
- Het GielsBos, Gierle, Belgium and Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of Antwerp (UZA)AntwerpBelgium
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, and Laboratory of Neuropathology, Born‐Bunge InstituteUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic LaboratoryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Michèl A. A. P. Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenNetherlands
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19
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Taormina VM, Unger AL, Schiksnis MR, Torres-Gonzalez M, Kraft J. Branched-Chain Fatty Acids-An Underexplored Class of Dairy-Derived Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2875. [PMID: 32962219 PMCID: PMC7551613 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy fat and its fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to possess pro-health properties that can support health maintenance and disease prevention. In particular, branched-chain FAs (BCFAs), comprising approximately 2% of dairy fat, have recently been proposed as bioactive molecules contributing to the positive health effects associated with the consumption of full-fat dairy products. This narrative review evaluates human trials assessing the relationship between BCFAs and metabolic risk factors, while potential underlying biological mechanisms of BCFAs are explored through discussion of studies in animals and cell lines. In addition, this review details the biosynthetic pathway of BCFAs as well as the content and composition of BCFAs in common retail dairy products. Research performed with in vitro models demonstrates the potent, structure-specific properties of BCFAs to protect against inflammation, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Yet, human trials assessing the effect of BCFAs on disease risk are surprisingly scarce, and to our knowledge, no research has investigated the specific role of dietary BCFAs. Thus, our review highlights the critical need for scientific inquiry regarding dairy-derived BCFAs, and the influence of this overlooked FA class on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M. Taormina
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Allison L. Unger
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.L.U.); (M.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Morgan R. Schiksnis
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.L.U.); (M.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (A.L.U.); (M.R.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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20
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Kaiser L, Weinschrott H, Quint I, Blaess M, Csuk R, Jung M, Kohl M, Deigner HP. Metabolite Patterns in Human Myeloid Hematopoiesis Result from Lineage-Dependent Active Metabolic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176092. [PMID: 32847028 PMCID: PMC7504406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of hematotoxicity from environmental or xenobiotic compounds is of notable interest and is frequently assessed via the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Identification of the mode of action of single compounds is of further interest, as this often enables transfer of results across different tissues and compounds. Metabolomics displays one promising approach for such identification, nevertheless, suitability with current protocols is restricted. Here, we combined a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion approach with distinct lineage differentiations, resulting in formation of erythrocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils. We examined the unique combination of pathway activity in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, polyamine synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, as well as glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. We further assessed their interconnections and essentialness for each lineage formation. By this, we provide further insights into active metabolic pathways during the differentiation of HSPC into different lineages, enabling profound understanding of possible metabolic changes in each lineage caused by exogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kaiser
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany;
| | - Helga Weinschrott
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Isabel Quint
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany;
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Straße 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (L.K.); (H.W.); (I.Q.); (M.B.); (M.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Associated member of Tuebingen University, Faculty of Science, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7720-307-4232
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21
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Peroxisomal Cofactor Transport. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081174. [PMID: 32806597 PMCID: PMC7463629 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are essential for growth and development. They are highly metabolically active and house many biochemical reactions, including lipid metabolism and synthesis of signaling molecules. Most of these metabolic pathways are shared with other compartments, such as Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and plastids. Peroxisomes, in common with all other cellular organelles are dependent on a wide range of cofactors, such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), Coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The availability of the peroxisomal cofactor pool controls peroxisome function. The levels of these cofactors available for peroxisomal metabolism is determined by the balance between synthesis, import, export, binding, and degradation. Since the final steps of cofactor synthesis are thought to be located in the cytosol, cofactors must be imported into peroxisomes. This review gives an overview about our current knowledge of the permeability of the peroxisomal membrane with the focus on ATP, CoA, and NAD. Several members of the mitochondrial carrier family are located in peroxisomes, catalyzing the transfer of these organic cofactors across the peroxisomal membrane. Most of the functions of these peroxisomal cofactor transporters are known from studies in yeast, humans, and plants. Parallels and differences between the transporters in the different organisms are discussed here.
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22
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Liu B, Li J, Lin X, Hu J, Lou S. The metabolic changes in the hippocampus of an atherosclerotic rat model and the regulation of aerobic training. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1017-1034. [PMID: 32240489 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been associated with the progression of cognitive impairment and the effect of metabolic changes in the brain on cognitive function may be pronounced. The aim is to reveal the metabolic changes during atherosclerosis and clarify the possible role of exercise in regulating hippocampal metabolism. Hence, A rat model of atherosclerosis was established by high-fat diet feeding in combination with vitamin D3 intraperitoneal injection, then 4 weeks of aerobic exercise was conducted. Metabolomics based on GC-MS was applied to detect small molecules metabolites and western blot was used to detect the concentration of enzymes involved in metabolic changes in rat hippocampus. Compared to the control group, metabolites including xylulose 5-phosphate, threonine, succinate, and nonanoic acid were markedly elevated, whereas methyl arachidonic acid and methyl stearate decreased in the AS group, accompanied by a raised concentration of aldose reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as a declined concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. After 4 weeks' aerobic exercise, the levels of succinic acid, branched chain amino acids, nonanoic acid, desmosterol, and aldose reductase decreased, whereas methyl arachidonic acid, methyl stearate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate elevated in the hippocampus of the TAS group in comparison with the AS group. These results suggest that atherosclerosis could cause a severe metabolic disturbance, and aerobic exercise plays an important role in regulating atherosclerosis-induced disorder of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Post-doctoral station of clinical medicine, Tongji Hospital, medical school of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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23
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redox balance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations in peroxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linked to metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-related disorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a disease with metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functional effects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles, such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated than it is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential of inactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more effective cancer treatment.
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24
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Kim EH, Kim GA, Taweechaipaisankul A, Ridlo MR, Lee SH, Ra K, Ahn C, Lee BC. Phytanic acid-derived peroxisomal lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2020; 157:276-285. [PMID: 32823023 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in oocyte maturation. The peroxisome is the fundamental mediator for this mechanism. In this study, we investigated the peroxisomal lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes. Phytanic acid (PA) was chosen as an activator of alpha-oxidation in peroxisomes. Oocyte maturation, embryo development, immunocytochemistry of peroxisomal lipid activities, and staining of mitochondrial potentials were assessed. We found that 40 μM PA not only increased porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, but also upregulated the expression of genes and proteins related to activities of the peroxisomal lipid metabolism (PHYH, PEX19, and PEX subfamilies) and mitochondrial potentials (NRF1 and PGC1α). Moreover, PA upregulated the lipid droplet and fatty acid content in the oocytes. Moreover, mitochondria were activated and the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased after PA treatment, resulting in the production of more ATPs in the oocytes. Our findings suggest that the degradation of PA via alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome may potentiate oocyte maturation processes, peroxisomal lipid oxidation, and mitochondria activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Rosyid Ridlo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioresource Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Zhou Z, Tran PQ, Kieft K, Anantharaman K. Genome diversification in globally distributed novel marine Proteobacteria is linked to environmental adaptation. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2060-2077. [PMID: 32393808 PMCID: PMC7367891 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteobacteria constitute one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes on Earth. In productive marine environments like deep-sea hydrothermal systems, Proteobacteria are implicated in autotrophy coupled to sulfur, methane, and hydrogen oxidation, sulfate reduction, and denitrification. Beyond chemoautotrophy, little is known about the ecological significance of poorly studied Proteobacteria lineages that are globally distributed and active in hydrothermal systems. Here we apply multi-omics to characterize 51 metagenome-assembled genomes from three hydrothermal vent plumes in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans that are affiliated with nine Proteobacteria lineages. Metabolic analyses revealed these organisms to contain a diverse functional repertoire including chemolithotrophic ability to utilize sulfur and C1 compounds, and chemoorganotrophic ability to utilize environment-derived fatty acids, aromatics, carbohydrates, and peptides. Comparative genomics with marine and terrestrial microbiomes suggests that lineage-associated functional traits could explain niche specificity. Our results shed light on the ecological functions and metabolic strategies of novel Proteobacteria in hydrothermal systems and beyond, and highlight the relationship between genome diversification and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Patricia Q Tran
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kristopher Kieft
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Karthik Anantharaman
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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26
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Parets S, Irigoyen Á, Ordinas M, Cabot J, Miralles M, Arbona L, Péter M, Balogh G, Fernández-García P, Busquets X, Lladó V, Escribá PV, Torres M. 2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Converted Into Heneicosapentaenoic Acid via α-Oxidation: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:164. [PMID: 32292781 PMCID: PMC7122748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with as yet no efficient therapies, the pathophysiology of which is still largely unclear. Many drugs and therapies have been designed and developed in the past decade to stop or slow down this neurodegenerative process, although none has successfully terminated a phase-III clinical trial in humans. Most therapies have been inspired by the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which has more recently come under question due to the almost complete failure of clinical trials of anti-amyloid/tau therapies to date. To shift the perspective for the design of new AD therapies, membrane lipid therapy has been tested, which assumes that brain lipid alterations lie upstream in the pathophysiology of AD. A hydroxylated derivative of docosahexaenoic acid was used, 2-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-H), which has been tested in a number of animal models and has shown efficacy against hallmarks of AD pathology. Here, for the first time, DHA-H is shown to undergo α-oxidation to generate the heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5, n-3) metabolite, an odd-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that accumulates in cell cultures, mouse blood plasma and brain tissue upon DHA-H treatment, reaching higher concentrations than those of DHA-H itself. Interestingly, DHA-H does not share metabolic routes with its natural analog DHA (C22:6, n-3) but rather, DHA-H and DHA accumulate distinctly, both having different effects on cell fatty acid composition. This is partly explained because DHA-H α-hydroxyl group provokes steric hindrance on fatty acid carbon 1, which in turn leads to diminished incorporation into cell lipids and accumulation as free fatty acid in cell membranes. Finally, DHA-H administration to mice elevated the brain HPA levels, which was directly and positively correlated with cognitive spatial scores in AD mice, apparently in the absence of DHA-H and without any significant change in brain DHA levels. Thus, the evidence presented in this work suggest that the metabolic conversion of DHA-H into HPA could represent a key event in the therapeutic effects of DHA-H against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Parets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Irigoyen
- Instrumental Techniques Laboratory, DDUNAV-Drug Development Unit-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Ordinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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27
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Okumoto K, Tamura S, Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Peroxisome: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1299:3-17. [PMID: 33417203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome is an organelle conserved in almost all eukaryotic cells with a variety of functions in cellular metabolism, including fatty acid β-oxidation, synthesis of ether glycerolipid plasmalogens, and redox homeostasis. Such metabolic functions and the exclusive importance of peroxisomes have been highlighted in fatal human genetic disease called peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs). Recent advances in this field have identified over 30 PEX genes encoding peroxins as essential factors for peroxisome biogenesis in various species from yeast to humans. Functional delineation of the peroxins has revealed that peroxisome biogenesis comprises the processes, involving peroxisomal membrane assembly, matrix protein import, division, and proliferation. Catalase, the most abundant peroxisomal enzyme, catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome plays pivotal roles in the cellular redox homeostasis and the response to oxidative stresses, depending on intracellular localization of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Okumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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28
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Tran P, Ramachandran A, Khawasik O, Beisner BE, Rautio M, Huot Y, Walsh DA. Microbial life under ice: Metagenome diversity and in situ activity of Verrucomicrobia in seasonally ice-covered Lakes. Environ Microbiol 2019; 20:2568-2584. [PMID: 29921005 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Northern lakes are ice-covered for a large part of the year, yet our understanding of microbial diversity and activity during winter lags behind that of the ice-free period. In this study, we investigated under-ice diversity and metabolism of Verrucomicrobia in seasonally ice-covered lakes in temperate and boreal regions of Quebec, Canada using 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Verrucomicrobia, particularly the V1, V3 and V4 subdivisions, were abundant during ice-covered periods. A diversity of Verrucomicrobia genomes were reconstructed from Quebec lake metagenomes. Several genomes were associated with the ice-covered period and were represented in winter metatranscriptomes, supporting the notion that Verrucomicrobia are metabolically active under ice. Verrucomicrobia transcriptome analysis revealed a range of metabolisms potentially occurring under ice, including carbohydrate degradation, glycolate utilization, scavenging of chlorophyll degradation products, and urea use. Genes for aerobic sulfur and hydrogen oxidation were expressed, suggesting chemolithotrophy may be an adaptation to conditions where labile carbon may be limited. The expression of genes for flagella biosynthesis and chemotaxis was detected, suggesting Verrucomicrobia may be actively sensing and responding to winter nutrient pulses, such as phytoplankton blooms. These results increase our understanding on the diversity and metabolic processes occurring under ice in northern lakes ecosystems.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tran
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arthi Ramachandran
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ola Khawasik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Milla Rautio
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Yannick Huot
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David A Walsh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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29
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2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase catalyzes acyloin condensation for one-carbon bioconversion. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:900-906. [PMID: 31383974 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of biotechnological processes for one-carbon (C1) bioconversion, efficient biocatalysts required for their implementation are yet to be developed. To address intrinsic limitations of native C1 biocatalysts, here we report that 2-hydroxyacyl CoA lyase (HACL), an enzyme involved in mammalian α-oxidation, catalyzes the ligation of carbonyl-containing molecules of different chain lengths with formyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to produce C1-elongated 2-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. We discovered and characterized a prokaryotic variant of HACL and identified critical residues for this newfound activity, including those supporting the hypothesized thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent acyloin condensation mechanism. The use of formyl-CoA as a C1 donor provides kinetic advantages and enables C1 bioconversion to multi-carbon products, demonstrated here by engineering an Escherichia coli whole-cell biotransformation system for the synthesis of glycolate and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate from formaldehyde and formaldehyde plus acetone, respectively. Our work establishes a new approach for C1 bioconversion and the potential for HACL-based pathways to support synthetic methylotrophy.
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30
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Guerrero A, Ramos VE, López S, Alvarez JM, Domínguez A, Coca-Abia MM, Bosch MP, Quero C. Enantioselective Synthesis and Activity of All Diastereoisomers of ( E)-Phytal, a Pheromone Component of the Moroccan Locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:72-80. [PMID: 30554510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Moroccan locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a polyphagous pest capable of inflicting large losses in agriculture under favorable environmental and climatic conditions. Currently, control of the pest relies solely on the application of conventional insecticides that have negative effects on the environment and human safety. In the search for a more rational, environmentally acceptable approach for locust control, we have previously reported that ( Z/ E)-phytal (1) is a male-produced candidate sex pheromone of this acridid. This molecule, with two stereogenic centers at C-7 and C-11, has four different diastereomers along with the Z/ E stereochemistry of the double bond at C-2. In this paper, we present for the first time the enantioselective synthesis of the four diastereomers of ( E)-phytal and their electrophysiological and behavioral activity on males and females. Our results demonstrate that the ( R, R)-phytal is the most active diastereomer in both assays, significantly attracting females in a double-choice Y olfactometer, and confirming the previous chromatographic assignment as component of the sex pheromone of the Moroccan locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Guerrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victoria Elena Ramos
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sergio López
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - José María Alvarez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aroa Domínguez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - María Milagro Coca-Abia
- Plant Health Department , Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Zaragoza University , 50059 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - María Pilar Bosch
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carmen Quero
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling , Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
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31
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Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:103-121. [PMID: 30012421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is irrevocably linked to aberrant metabolic processes. While once considered a vestigial organelle, we now know that peroxisomes play a central role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids (e.g. plasmalogens), very-long chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. Immune system evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and peroxisomes have an emerging role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. Investigations of individual peroxisome proteins and metabolites support their pro-tumorigenic functions. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how individual functions of proteins and metabolites of the peroxisome orchestrate its potential role as a pro-tumorigenic organelle. This review highlights new advances in our understanding of biogenesis, enzymatic functions, and autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and provides evidence linking these activities to tumorigenesis. Finally, we propose avenues that may be exploited to target peroxisome-related processes as a mode of combatting cancer.
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32
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Cytochrome P450 4A11 inhibition assays based on characterization of lauric acid metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:205-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Tracey TJ, Steyn FJ, Wolvetang EJ, Ngo ST. Neuronal Lipid Metabolism: Multiple Pathways Driving Functional Outcomes in Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:10. [PMID: 29410613 PMCID: PMC5787076 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a fundamental class of organic molecules implicated in a wide range of biological processes related to their structural diversity, and based on this can be broadly classified into five categories; fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids, sterol lipids and sphingolipids. Different lipid classes play major roles in neuronal cell populations; they can be used as energy substrates, act as building blocks for cellular structural machinery, serve as bioactive molecules, or a combination of each. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dysfunctions in lipid metabolism and function have been identified as potential drivers of pathogenesis. In particular, aberrant lipid metabolism is proposed to underlie denervation of neuromuscular junctions, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, impaired neuronal transport, cytoskeletal defects, inflammation and reduced neurotransmitter release. Here we review current knowledge of the roles of lipid metabolism and function in the CNS and discuss how modulating these pathways may offer novel therapeutic options for treating ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tracey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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34
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Olmedo A, del Río JC, Kiebist J, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M, Scheibner K, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. Fatty Acid Chain Shortening by a Fungal Peroxygenase. Chemistry 2017; 23:16985-16989. [PMID: 29083064 PMCID: PMC5725704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A recently discovered peroxygenase from the fungus Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) is able to catalyze the progressive one-carbon shortening of medium and long-chain mono- and dicarboxylic acids by itself alone, in the presence of H2 O2 . The mechanism, analyzed using H218 O2 , starts with an α-oxidation catalyzed by MroUPO generating an α-hydroxy acid, which is further oxidized by the enzyme to a reactive α-keto intermediate whose decarboxylation yields the one-carbon shorter fatty acid. Compared with the previously characterized peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita, a wider heme access channel, enabling fatty acid positioning with the carboxylic end near the heme cofactor (as seen in one of the crystal structures available) could be at the origin of the unique ability of MroUPO shortening carboxylic acid chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Olmedo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSICReina Mercedes 1041012SevilleSpain
| | - José C. del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSICReina Mercedes 1041012SevilleSpain
| | - Jan Kiebist
- JenaBios GmbHLöbstedter Str. 8007749JenaGermany
| | | | | | | | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSICReina Mercedes 1041012SevilleSpain
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35
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McIntosh AL, Storey SM, Huang H, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Sex-dependent impact of Scp-2/Scp-x gene ablation on hepatic phytol metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:17-26. [PMID: 29051070 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While prior studies focusing on male mice suggest a role for sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP-2/SCP-x; DKO) on hepatic phytol metabolism, its role in females is unresolved. This issue was addressed using female and male wild-type (WT) and DKO mice fed a phytoestrogen-free diet without or with 0.5% phytol. GC/MS showed that hepatic: i) phytol was absent and its branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) metabolites were barely detectable in WT control-fed mice; ii) accumulation of phytol as well as its peroxisomal metabolite BCFAs (phytanic acid » pristanic and 2,3-pristenic acids) was increased by dietary phytol in WT females, but only slightly in WT males; iii) accumulation of phytol and BCFA was further increased by DKO in phytol-fed females, but much more markedly in males. Livers of phytol-fed WT female mice as well as phytol-fed DKO female and male mice also accumulated increased proportion of saturated straight-chain fatty acids (LCFA) at the expense of unsaturated LCFA. Liver phytol accumulation was not due to increased SCP-2 binding/transport of phytol since SCP-2 bound phytanic acid, but not its precursor phytol. Thus, the loss of Scp-2/Scp-x contributed to a sex-dependent hepatic accumulation of dietary phytol and BCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843-4466, United States
| | - Stephen M Storey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843-4466, United States
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843-4466, United States
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843-4467, United States
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843-4466, United States.
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Jenkins B, de Schryver E, Van Veldhoven PP, Koulman A. Peroxisomal 2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Lyase Is Involved in Endogenous Biosynthesis of Heptadecanoic Acid. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101718. [PMID: 29027957 PMCID: PMC6151664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) is reported to be a pathology risk/prognosis biomarker and a dietary biomarker. This pathology relationship has been shown to be reliably predictive even when independent of dietary contributions, suggesting that the endogenous biosynthesis of C17:0 is related to the pathological aetiology. Little is known about C17:0 biosynthesis, which tissues contribute to the circulating levels, and how C17:0 is related to pathology. Hacl1+/− mice were mated to obtain Hacl1−/− and Hacl1+/+ control mice. At 14 weeks, they were anesthetized for tissue collection and fatty acid analysis. Compared to Hacl1+/+, C15:0 was not significantly affected in any Hacl1−/− tissues. However, the Hacl1−/− plasma and liver C17:0 levels were significantly lower: ~26% and ~22%, respectively. No significant differences were seen in the different adipose tissues. To conclude, Hacl1 plays a significant role in the liver and plasma levels of C17:0, providing evidence it can be endogenously biosynthesized via alpha-oxidation. The strong inverse association of C17:0 with pathology raises the question whether there is a direct link between α-oxidation and these diseases. Currently, there is no clear evidence, warranting further research into the role of α-oxidation in relation to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jenkins
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Evelyn de Schryver
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg-KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions (LIPIT), Campus Gasthuisberg-KU Leuven, Herestraat Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Albert Koulman
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Pathology building Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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Storey SM, Huang H, McIntosh AL, Martin GG, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Impact of Fabp1/Scp-2/Scp-x gene ablation (TKO) on hepatic phytol metabolism in mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1153-1165. [PMID: 28411199 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in vitro have suggested that both sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (Scp-2/Scp-x) and liver fatty acid binding protein [Fabp1 (L-FABP)] gene products facilitate hepatic uptake and metabolism of lipotoxic dietary phytol. However, interpretation of physiological function in mice singly gene ablated in the Scp-2/Scp-x has been complicated by concomitant upregulation of FABP1. The work presented herein provides several novel insights: i) An 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid displacement assay showed that neither SCP-2 nor L-FABP bound phytol, but both had high affinity for its metabolite, phytanic acid; ii) GC-MS studies with phytol-fed WT and Fabp1/Scp-2/SCP-x gene ablated [triple KO (TKO)] mice showed that TKO exacerbated hepatic accumulation of phytol metabolites in vivo in females and less so in males. Concomitantly, dietary phytol increased hepatic levels of total long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in both male and female WT and TKO mice. Moreover, in both WT and TKO female mice, dietary phytol increased hepatic ratios of saturated/unsaturated and polyunsaturated/monounsaturated LCFAs, while decreasing the peroxidizability index. However, in male mice, dietary phytol selectively increased the saturated/unsaturated ratio only in TKO mice, while decreasing the peroxidizability index in both WT and TKO mice. These findings suggested that: 1) SCP-2 and FABP1 both facilitated phytol metabolism after its conversion to phytanic acid; and 2) SCP-2/SCP-x had a greater impact on hepatic phytol metabolism than FABP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Storey
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Huan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Ann B Kier
- Pathobiology, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Phytosphingosine degradation pathway includes fatty acid α-oxidation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2616-E2623. [PMID: 28289220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700138114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestine in mammals. In the degradation pathway, PHS is converted to 2-OH palmitic acid and then to pentadecanoic acid (C15:0-COOH) via FA α-oxidation. However, the detailed reactions and genes involved in the α-oxidation reactions of the PHS degradation pathway have yet to be determined. In the present study, we reveal the entire PHS degradation pathway: PHS is converted to C15:0-COOH via six reactions [phosphorylation, cleavage, oxidation, CoA addition, cleavage (C1 removal), and oxidation], in which the last three reactions correspond to the α-oxidation. The aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 catalyzes both the first and second oxidation reactions (fatty aldehydes to FAs). In Aldh3a2-deficient cells, the unmetabolized fatty aldehydes are reduced to fatty alcohols and are incorporated into ether-linked glycerolipids. We also identify HACL2 (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2) [previous name, ILVBL; ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like] as the major 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase involved in the cleavage (C1 removal) reaction in the FA α-oxidation of the PHS degradation pathway. HACL2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, in addition to the already-known FA α-oxidation in the peroxisomes, we have revealed the existence of FA α-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammals.
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Milligan S, Martin GG, Landrock D, McIntosh AL, Mackie JT, Schroeder F, Kier AB. Impact of dietary phytol on lipid metabolism in SCP2/SCPX/L-FABP null mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:291-304. [PMID: 27940000 PMCID: PMC5266609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies suggest that liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP2/SCPx) gene products facilitate uptake and metabolism and detoxification of dietary-derived phytol in mammals. However, concomitant upregulation of L-FABP in SCP2/SCPx null mice complicates interpretation of their physiological phenotype. Therefore, the impact of ablating both the L-FABP gene and SCP2/SCPx gene (L-FABP/SCP2/SCPx null or TKO) was examined in phytol-fed female wild-type (WT) and TKO mice. TKO increased hepatic total lipid accumulation, primarily phospholipid, by mechanisms involving increased hepatic levels of proteins in the phospholipid synthetic pathway. Concomitantly, TKO reduced expression of proteins in targeting fatty acids towards the triacylglycerol synthetic pathway. Increased hepatic lipid accumulation was not associated with any concomitant upregulation of membrane fatty acid transport/translocase proteins involved in fatty acid uptake (FATP2, FATP4, FATP5 or GOT) or cytosolic proteins involved in fatty acid intracellular targeting (ACBP). In addition, TKO exacerbated dietary phytol-induced whole body weight loss, especially lean tissue mass. Since individually ablating SCPx or SCP2/SCPx elicited concomitant upregulation of L-FABP, these findings with TKO mice help to resolve the contributions of SCP2/SCPx gene ablation on dietary phytol-induced whole body and hepatic lipid phenotype independent of concomitant upregulation of L-FABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - John T Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Kim S, Cheong S, Chou A, Gonzalez R. Engineered fatty acid catabolism for fuel and chemical production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 42:206-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Waterstraat M, Hildebrand A, Rosler M, Bunzel M. Development of a QuEChERS-Based Stable-Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Method To Quantitate Ferulic Acid and Its Main Microbial and Hepatic Metabolites in Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8667-8677. [PMID: 27744690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forage plants of the Poaceae family are grown as pasturage or used for the production of hay, straw, corn stover, etc. Although ferulic acid contents of grasses are generally high, the amount of ingested ferulic acid differs depending on the type of forage, resulting in varying contents of ferulic acid and its microbial and hepatic metabolites in milk. Concentrations and patterns of these metabolites may be used as markers to track different forages in livestock feeding. Therefore, we developed a stable isotope dilution assay to quantitate ferulic acid, 12 ferulic acid-based metabolites, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid in milk. Because most analytes were not commercially available as stable isotope labeled standard compounds, they were synthesized as 13C- or deuterium-labeled standard compounds. A modification of the QuEChERS method, a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe approach usually applied to analyze pesticides in plant-based products, was used to extract the phenolic acids from milk. Determination was carried out by LC-ESI-MS/MS in scheduled multiple reaction monitoring modus. By using three different milk samples, the applicability of the validated approach was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Waterstraat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Hildebrand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Margit Rosler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Nuez-Ortín WG, Carter CG, Wilson R, Cooke I, Nichols PD. Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161513. [PMID: 27556399 PMCID: PMC4996530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine oils are important to human nutrition as the major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) that is low or lacking in terrestrial plant or animal oils. The inclusion of fish oil as main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquafeeds is mostly limited by the increasing price and decreasing availability. Fish oil replacement with cheaper terrestrial plant and animal oils has considerably reduced the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in flesh of farmed Atlantic salmon. Novel DHA-enriched oils with high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content will be available from transgenic oilseeds plants in the near future as an alternative for dietary fish oil replacement in aquafeeds. As a preliminary validation, we formulated an oil blend (TOFX) with high DHA and ALA content using tuna oil (TO) high in DHA and the flaxseed oil (FX) high in ALA, and assessed its ability to achieve fish oil-like n-3 LC-PUFA tissue composition in Atlantic salmon smolts. We applied proteomics as an exploratory approach to understand the effects of nutritional changes on the fish liver. Comparisons were made between fish fed a fish oil-based diet (FO) and a commercial-like oil blend diet (fish oil + poultry oil, FOPO) over 89 days. Growth and feed efficiency ratio were lower on the TOFX diet. Fish muscle concentration of n-3 LC-PUFA was significantly higher for TOFX than for FOPO fish, but not higher than for FO fish, while retention efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA was promoted by TOFX relative to FO. Proteomics analysis revealed an oxidative stress response indicative of the main adaptive physiological mechanism in TOFX fish. While specific dietary fatty acid concentrations and balances and antioxidant supplementation may need further attention, the use of an oil with a high content of DHA and ALA can enhance tissue deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA in relation to a commercially used oil blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris G. Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Bag 74, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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Mika A, Stepnowski P, Kaska L, Proczko M, Wisniewski P, Sledzinski M, Sledzinski T. A comprehensive study of serum odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in patients with excess weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1669-76. [PMID: 27355152 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While small amounts of odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were known to be present in mammals, it was quite recently that they were shown to play an important role in human health. However, still little is known on OCFA and BCFA profiles in subjects who have obesity. The aim of this study was to verify whether obesity is associated with changes in serum OCFA and BCFA profiles. METHODS Serum content of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy in 23 patients with excess weight and 21 nonobese controls. RESULTS Six OCFAs and six BCFAs (three iso-BCFAs and three anteiso-BCFAs) were found in sera from the examined subjects. Patients with excess weight presented with significantly lower serum iso-BCFA levels than the controls. Total serum content of iso-BCFAs correlated inversely with serum insulin, triglycerides, and 18:1/18:0 desaturation index. Both OCFA and iso-BCFA levels correlated inversely with C-reactive protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS Lower iso-BCFA content in patients with excess weight may be involved in elevation of serum concentration of triglycerides and inflammation. Decreased contents of iso-BCFAs in subjects with have obesity, and established anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties of these fatty acids, point to potential beneficial effects of an iso-BCFA-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Wisniewski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Sledzinski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Shen Y, Du L, Zeng H, Zhang X, Prinyawiwatkul W, Alonso-Marenco JR, Xu Z. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) seed and petal extracts decreased HEp-2 carcinoma cell viability. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Shen
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Liqing Du
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture; The South Subtropical Crop Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science; 20 Jiefang W Rd, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001 China
| | - Haiying Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering; Guizhou University; Xueshi Rd, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture; The South Subtropical Crop Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science; 20 Jiefang W Rd, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001 China
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Jose R. Alonso-Marenco
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
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Human disorders of peroxisome metabolism and biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:922-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schütze A, Otter R, Modick H, Langsch A, Brüning T, Koch HM. Additional oxidized and alkyl chain breakdown metabolites of the plasticizer DINCH in urine after oral dosage to human volunteers. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:179-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Shi S, Qu Y, Zhou H, Ma Q, Ma F. Characterization of a novel cometabolic degradation carbazole pathway by a phenol-cultivated Arthrobacter sp. W1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:281-287. [PMID: 26142994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arthrobacter sp. W1 was used to characterize the pathways involved in cometabolic degradation of carbazole (CA) with phenol as the primary substrate. To clarify the upper pathway of cometabolic degradation CA, Escherichia coli strain BL21 expressing phenol hydroxylase from strain W1 (PHIND) was investigated to degrade CA. Firstly, CA was initially monohydroxylated at C-2 and C-4 positions to produce 2- and 4-hydroxycarbazole, followed by successively hydroxylated to the corresponding 1,2- and 3,4-dihydroxycarbazole, of which 3,4-dihydroxycarbazole was unequivocally identified for the first time. To characterize the downstream cometabolic degradation CA pathway, purified 3,4-dihydroxycarbazole was used as the substrate for phenol-grown W1, and a series of novel indole derivatives were identified. These results suggested that a novel pathway of CA catabolism was employed by strain W1 via a successive hydroxylation and meta-cleavage pathway. These findings provide new insights into the cometabolic degradation CA process and have potential applications in biotechnology and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Medium-chain dicarboxylic acylcarnitines as markers of n-3 PUFA-induced peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1573-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Jenkins B, West JA, Koulman A. A review of odd-chain fatty acid metabolism and the role of pentadecanoic Acid (c15:0) and heptadecanoic Acid (c17:0) in health and disease. Molecules 2015; 20:2425-44. [PMID: 25647578 PMCID: PMC6272531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number of important biological and nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs) were used as internal standards in GC-MS methods of total fatty acids and LC-MS methods of intact lipids, as it was thought their concentrations were insignificant in humans. However, it has been thought that increased consumption of dairy products has an association with an increase in blood plasma OCS-FAs. However, there is currently no direct evidence but rather a casual association through epidemiology studies. Furthermore, a number of studies on cardiometabolic diseases have shown that plasma concentrations of OCS-FAs are associated with lower disease risk, although the mechanism responsible for this is debated. One possible mechanism for the endogenous production of OCS-FAs is α-oxidation, involving the activation, then hydroxylation of the α-carbon, followed by the removal of the terminal carboxyl group. Differentiation human adipocytes showed a distinct increase in the concentration of OCS-FAs, which was possibly caused through α-oxidation. Further evidence for an endogenous pathway, is in human plasma, where the ratio of C15:0 to C17:0 is approximately 1:2 which is contradictory to the expected levels of C15:0 to C17:0 roughly 2:1 as detected in dairy fat. We review the literature on the dietary consumption of OCS-FAs and their potential endogenous metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jenkins
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - James A West
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC HNR, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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Gabriel F, Accoceberry I, Bessoule JJ, Salin B, Lucas-Guérin M, Manon S, Dementhon K, Noël T. A Fox2-dependent fatty acid ß-oxidation pathway coexists both in peroxisomes and mitochondria of the ascomycete yeast Candida lusitaniae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114531. [PMID: 25486052 PMCID: PMC4259357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally admitted that the ascomycete yeasts of the subphylum Saccharomycotina possess a single fatty acid ß-oxidation pathway located exclusively in peroxisomes, and that they lost mitochondrial ß-oxidation early during evolution. In this work, we showed that mutants of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida lusitaniae which lack the multifunctional enzyme Fox2p, a key enzyme of the ß-oxidation pathway, were still able to grow on fatty acids as the sole carbon source, suggesting that C. lusitaniae harbored an alternative pathway for fatty acid catabolism. By assaying 14Cα-palmitoyl-CoA consumption, we demonstrated that fatty acid catabolism takes place in both peroxisomal and mitochondrial subcellular fractions. We then observed that a fox2Δ null mutant was unable to catabolize fatty acids in the mitochondrial fraction, thus indicating that the mitochondrial pathway was Fox2p-dependent. This finding was confirmed by the immunodetection of Fox2p in protein extracts obtained from purified peroxisomal and mitochondrial fractions. Finally, immunoelectron microscopy provided evidence that Fox2p was localized in both peroxisomes and mitochondria. This work constitutes the first demonstration of the existence of a Fox2p-dependent mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway in an ascomycetous yeast, C. lusitaniae. It also points to the existence of an alternative fatty acid catabolism pathway, probably located in peroxisomes, and functioning in a Fox2p-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gabriel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Accoceberry
- Univ. Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bessoule
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Lucas-Guérin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen Manon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Dementhon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Noël
- Univ. Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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