1
|
Zhang S, Guo A, Wang H, Liu J, Dong C, Ren J, Wang G. Oncogenic MORC2 in cancer development and beyond. Genes Dis 2024; 11:861-873. [PMID: 37692502 PMCID: PMC10491978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a member of the MORC superfamily of nuclear proteins. Growing evidence has shown that MORC2 not only participates in gene transcription and chromatin remodeling but also plays a key in human disease and tumor development by regulating the expression of downstream oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The present review provides an updated overview of MORC2 in the aspect of cancer hallmark and therapeutic resistance and summarizes its upstream regulators and downstream target genes. This systematic review may provide a favorable theoretical basis for emerging players of MORC2 in tumor development and new insight into the potential clinical application of basic science discoveries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ayao Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Chenshuang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Irving-Pease EK, Refoyo-Martínez A, Barrie W, Ingason A, Pearson A, Fischer A, Sjögren KG, Halgren AS, Macleod R, Demeter F, Henriksen RA, Vimala T, McColl H, Vaughn AH, Speidel L, Stern AJ, Scorrano G, Ramsøe A, Schork AJ, Rosengren A, Zhao L, Kristiansen K, Iversen AKN, Fugger L, Sudmant PH, Lawson DJ, Durbin R, Korneliussen T, Werge T, Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Nielsen R, Racimo F, Willerslev E. The selection landscape and genetic legacy of ancient Eurasians. Nature 2024; 625:312-320. [PMID: 38200293 PMCID: PMC10781624 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Holocene (beginning around 12,000 years ago) encompassed some of the most significant changes in human evolution, with far-reaching consequences for the dietary, physical and mental health of present-day populations. Using a dataset of more than 1,600 imputed ancient genomes1, we modelled the selection landscape during the transition from hunting and gathering, to farming and pastoralism across West Eurasia. We identify key selection signals related to metabolism, including that selection at the FADS cluster began earlier than previously reported and that selection near the LCT locus predates the emergence of the lactase persistence allele by thousands of years. We also find strong selection in the HLA region, possibly due to increased exposure to pathogens during the Bronze Age. Using ancient individuals to infer local ancestry tracts in over 400,000 samples from the UK Biobank, we identify widespread differences in the distribution of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age ancestries across Eurasia. By calculating ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores, we show that height differences between Northern and Southern Europe are associated with differential Steppe ancestry, rather than selection, and that risk alleles for mood-related phenotypes are enriched for Neolithic farmer ancestry, whereas risk alleles for diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are enriched for Western hunter-gatherer ancestry. Our results indicate that ancient selection and migration were large contributors to the distribution of phenotypic diversity in present-day Europeans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Irving-Pease
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alba Refoyo-Martínez
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Barrie
- GeoGenetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrés Ingason
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alice Pearson
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Fischer
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sealand Archaeology, Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Karl-Göran Sjögren
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alma S Halgren
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ruairidh Macleod
- GeoGenetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabrice Demeter
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Rasmus A Henriksen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tharsika Vimala
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugh McColl
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew H Vaughn
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leo Speidel
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Aaron J Stern
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Scorrano
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail Ramsøe
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anders Rosengren
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lei Zhao
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kristiansen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Astrid K N Iversen
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Lawson
- Institute of Statistical Sciences, School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thorfinn Korneliussen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Sikora
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Fernando Racimo
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- GeoGenetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas L, Chutani N, R K, Nair AS, Yellapu NK, Karyala P, Pakala SB. Microrchidia 2/histone deacetylase 1 complex regulates E-cadherin gene expression and function. Biochem J 2023; 480:1675-1691. [PMID: 37815456 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is widely overexpressed in human malignancies and linked to cancer cell proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis, the mechanism of action of MORC2 in cancer cell migration and invasion is yet undeciphered. Here, we identified for the first time that MORC2, a chromatin remodeler, regulates E-cadherin expression and, subsequently regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion. We observed a negative correlation between the expression levels of MORC2 and E-cadherin in breast cancer. Furthermore, the overexpression of MORC2 resulted in decreased expression levels of E-cadherin. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MORC2 interacts with HDAC1 and gets recruited onto the E-cadherin promoter to inhibit its transcription, thereby suppress its expression. Consequently, knockdown of HDAC1 in MORC2-overexpressing cells led to reduced cancer cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, we noticed that MORC2-regulated glucose metabolism via c-Myc, and LDHA, also modulates the expression of E-cadherin. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time a mechanistic role for MORC2 as an upstream regulator of E-cadherin expression and its associated functions in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Thomas
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Mangalam, Tirupati 517 507, India
| | - Namita Chutani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Mangalam, Tirupati 517 507, India
| | - Krishna R
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Asha S Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Centre, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Prashanthi Karyala
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chutani N, Ragula S, Syed K, Pakala SB. Novel Insights into the Role of Chromatin Remodeler MORC2 in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1527. [PMID: 37892209 PMCID: PMC10605154 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly discovered chromatin remodeler, MORC2, is a Microrchidia (MORC) family member. MORC2 acts as a chromatin remodeler by binding to the DNA and changing chromatin conformation using its ATPase domain. MORC2 is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. It controls diverse signaling pathways essential for cancer development through its target genes and interacting partners. MORC2 promotes cancer cells' growth, invasion, and migration by regulating the expression of genes involved in these processes. MORC2 is localized primarily in the nucleus and is also found in the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, MORC2 interacts with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACLY) to promote lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis in cancer. In the nucleus, MORC2 interacts with the transcription factor c-Myc to control the transcription of genes involved in glucose metabolism to drive cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, MORC2 recruits on to the promoters of tumor suppressor genes to repress their transcription and expression to promote oncogenesis. In addition to its crucial function in oncogenesis, it plays a vital role in DNA repair. Overall, this review concisely summarizes the current knowledge about MORC2-regulated molecular pathways involved in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Chutani
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Mangalam, Tirupati 517 507, India;
| | - Sandhya Ragula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India;
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
| | - Suresh B. Pakala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao P, Ning J, Huang J, Wei B, Wang Z, Huang X. High Expression of MORC2 is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes and Immune Infiltrates in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4595-4615. [PMID: 37850194 PMCID: PMC10577261 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s420715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is a universally expressed molecule that has recently been identified as a chromatin modulator and elevated in many malignancies. However, its prognostic value and immunological role of MORC2 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) have never been illustrated. Methods The clinical parameters and MORC2 expression datasets of COAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cancer and adjacent tissue specimens from surgically resected COAD patients were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect MORC2 expression. Differentially expressed genes related to MORC2 were discovered and used for functional enrichment analysis. The diagnostic and prognostic values of MORC2 in COAD were conducted using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, PrognoScan, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) public databases and nomograms. Eventually, the association of MORC2 with tumor microenvironment was analyzed by using TIMER and GSVA package of R (v3.6.3). Results MORC2 expression was upregulated in COAD tissues, and the RT-qPCR results further verified the reliability of our differential analysis at the transcriptional level. Additionally, higher expression of MORC2 was correlated to a poor prognosis for COAD patients. MORC2 was an independent prognostic factor for COAD and could be a diagnostic factor for early COAD. Furthermore, MORC2 expression was positively correlated with immune cells such as NK cells, TFH cells and so on. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that overexpression of MORC2 was correlated with worse prognosis and immune infiltrates of COAD. MORC2 can serve as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a target of immunotherapy for COAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peizhuang Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Ning
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Binqian Wei
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stafki SA, Turner J, Littel HR, Bruels CC, Truong D, Knirsch U, Stettner GM, Graf U, Berger W, Kinali M, Jungbluth H, Pacak CA, Hughes J, Mirchi A, Derksen A, Vincent-Delorme C, Theil AF, Bernard G, Ellis D, Fassihi H, Lehmann AR, Laugel V, Mohammed S, Kang PB. The Spectrum of MORC2-Related Disorders: A Potential Link to Cockayne Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:79-86. [PMID: 36791574 PMCID: PMC10098370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair disorder primarily associated with pathogenic variants in ERCC6 and ERCC8. As in other Mendelian disorders, there are a number of genetically unsolved CS cases. METHODS We ascertained five individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in MORC2, previously associated with three dominantly inherited phenotypes: an axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z; a syndrome of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy; and a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy. RESULTS One of these individuals bore a strong phenotypic resemblance to CS. We then identified monoallelic pathogenic MORC2 variants in three of five genetically unsolved individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CS. In total, we identified eight individuals with MORC2-related disorder, four of whom had clinical features strongly suggestive of CS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that some forms of MORC2-related disorder have phenotypic similarities to CS, including features of accelerated aging. Unlike classic DNA repair disorders, MORC2-related disorder does not appear to be associated with a defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and follows a dominant pattern of inheritance with variants typically arising de novo. Such de novo pathogenic variants present particular challenges with regard to both initial gene discovery and diagnostic evaluations. MORC2 should be included in diagnostic genetic test panels targeting the evaluation of microcephaly and/or suspected DNA repair disorders. Future studies of MORC2 and its protein product, coupled with further phenotypic characterization, will help to optimize the diagnosis, understanding, and therapy of the associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Stafki
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Johnnie Turner
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah R Littel
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine C Bruels
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Don Truong
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ursula Knirsch
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (NCZ), University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London and Portland Hospital HCA International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Evelina Children's Hospital and King's College London, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jayne Hughes
- Amy and Friends Cockayne Syndrome/Trichothiodystrophy Support, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Amytice Mirchi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Ellis
- South East Genomics Laboratory Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Rare Disease Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service and Rare Diseases Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MORC2 and MAX contributes to the expression of glycolytic enzymes, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Med Oncol 2023; 40:102. [PMID: 36802305 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell proliferation is a high energy demanding process, where the cancer cells acquire energy by high rates of glycolysis, and this phenomenon is known as the "Warburg effect". Microrchidia 2 (MORC2), an emerging chromatin remodeler, is over expressed in several cancers including breast cancer and found to promote cancer cell proliferation. However, the role of MORC2 in glucose metabolism in cancer cells remains unexplored. In this study, we report that MORC2 interacts indirectly with the genes involved in glucose metabolism via transcription factors MAX (MYC-associated factor X) and MYC. We also found that MORC2 co-localizes and interacts with MAX. Further, we observed a positive correlation of expression of MORC2 with glycolytic enzymes Hexokinase 1 (HK1), Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and Phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) type in multiple cancers. Surprisingly, the knockdown of either MORC2 or MAX not only decreased the expression of glycolytic enzymes but also inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Together, these results demonstrate the involvement of the MORC2/MAX signaling axis in the expression of glycolytic enzymes and breast cancer cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jacquier A, Ribault S, Mendes M, Lacoste N, Risson V, Carras J, Latour P, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Stojkovic T, Schaeffer L. Expanding the phenotypic variability of MORC2 gene mutations: From Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease to late-onset pure motor neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1898-1908. [PMID: 35904125 PMCID: PMC10087860 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MORC2 gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Heterozygous mutations in MORC2 gene have been associated with a spectrum of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT2Z), spinal muscular atrophy-like with or without cerebellar involvement, and a developmental syndrome associated with impaired growth, craniofacial dysmorphism and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN syndrome). Such variability in clinical manifestations associated with the increasing number of variants of unknown significance detected by next-generation sequencing constitutes a serious diagnostic challenge. Here we report the characterization of an in vitro model to evaluate the pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance based on MORC2 overexpression in a neuroblastoma cell line SH-EP or cortical neurons. Likewise, we show that MORC2 mutants affect survival and trigger apoptosis over time in SH-EP cell line. Furthermore, overexpression in primary cortical neurons increases apoptotic cell death and decreases neurite outgrowth. Altogether, these approaches establish the pathogenicity of two new variants p.Gly444Arg and p.His446Gln in three patients from two families. These new mutations in MORC2 gene are associated with autosomal dominant CMT and with adult late onset proximal motor neuropathy, further increasing the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with MORC2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jacquier
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Shams Ribault
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Michel Mendes
- Service de Neurologie, Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Risson
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Carras
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Unité fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- Centre de Référence des maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Lyon1-CNRS UMR5261-INSERM U1315, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, CHU de Lyon-HCL groupement Est, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inhibition of MORC2 Mediates HDAC4 to Promote Cellular Senescence through p53/p21 Signaling Axis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196247. [PMID: 36234785 PMCID: PMC9573567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy, accounting for the second largest gastrointestinal tumor. MORC2, a newly discovered chromatin remodeling protein, plays an important role in the biological processes of various cancers. However, the potential mechanistic role of MORC2 in promoting proliferation of CRC carcinoma remains unclear. (2) Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas database was analyzed using bioinformatics to obtain gene expression and clinical prognosis data. The cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 and EdU assays, as well as xenograft. SA-beta-gal staining, Western blot, and ELISA assay were using to assess the cell senescence and potential mechanism. (3) Results: Our data showed that MORC2 expression was elevated in CRC patients. Depletion of MORC2 inhibited cellular proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Further studies showed that the depletion of MORC2 enhanced p21 and p53 expression through decreasing HDAC4 and increasing pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8, thus, promoting cellular senescence. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that increased MORC2 expression in CRC might play a critical role in tumorigenesis by regulating the cellular senescence, in addition, MORC2 could be a novel biomarker for clinical outcomes and prognosis and a treatment target for CRC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Saroha HS, Kumar Guddeti R, Jacob JP, Kumar Pulukuri K, Karyala P, Pakala SB. MORC2/β-catenin signaling axis promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2022; 39:135. [PMID: 35727356 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is overexpressed in many types of human cancer, its role in breast cancer progression remains unknown. Here, we report that the chromatin remodeler MORC2 expression positively correlates with β-catenin expression in breast cancer cell lines and patients. Overexpression of MORC2 augmented the expression of β-catenin and its target genes, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Consistent with these results, we found MORC2 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin and its target genes. Surprisingly, we observed that c-Myc, the target gene of β-catenin, regulated the MORC2-β-catenin signaling axis through a feedback mechanism. We demonstrated that MORC2 regulates β-catenin expression and function by modulating the phosphorylation of AKT. In addition, we observed reduced proliferation and migration of MORC2 overexpressing breast cancer cells upon β-catenin inhibition. Overall, our results demonstrate that MORC2 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh Saroha
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Rohith Kumar Guddeti
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Jasmine P Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Prashanthi Karyala
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacquier A, Roubille S, Lomonte P, Schaeffer L. Microrchidia CW-Type Zinc Finger 2, a Chromatin Modifier in a Spectrum of Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:896854. [PMID: 35722617 PMCID: PMC9203694 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.896854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene encodes a protein expressed in all tissues and enriched in the brain. MORC2 protein is composed of a catalytic ATPase domain, three coil-coiled domains allowing dimerization or protein complex interaction, a zinc-finger CW domain allowing DNA interaction, and a CHROMO-like (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain. Recently, de novo or dominantly inherited heterozygous mutations have been associated with a spectrum of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system such as the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype disorder, or a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN). In this review, we detail the various mutations of MORC2 and their consequences on clinical manifestations. Possible genotype-phenotype correlations as well as intra and inter-family variability are discussed. MORC2 molecular functions such as transcriptional modulation, DNA damage repair, and lipid metabolism are then reviewed. We further discuss the impact of MORC2 mutations on the epigenetic landscape in the neuromuscular system and hypothesize probable pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jacquier
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Simon Roubille
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Lomonte
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Patrick Lomonte,
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Laurent Schaeffer,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chutani N, Singh AK, Kadumuri RV, Pakala SB, Chavali S. Structural and Functional Attributes of Microrchidia Family of Chromatin Remodelers. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167664. [PMID: 35659506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of global gene-expression by structurally modulating and/or reorganizing the chromatin. Microrchidia (MORC) family is a relatively new addition to the four well studied families of chromatin remodeling proteins. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the structural aspects of human MORCs as well as their epigenetic functions. From a molecular and systems-level perspective, we explore their participation in phase-separated structures, possible influence on various biological processes through protein-protein interactions, and potential extra-nuclear roles. We describe how dysregulation/dysfunction of MORCs can lead to various pathological conditions. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of undertaking integrated efforts to obtain a holistic understanding of the various biological roles of MORCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namita Chutani
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://twitter.com/ChutaniNamita
| | - Anjali Kumari Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://twitter.com/anjali_k_s
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng Y, Miller MJ, Zhang D, Xiong Y, Hao Y, Jia C, Cai T, Li SH, Johansson US, Liu Y, Chang Y, Song G, Qu Y, Lei F. Parallel genomic responses to historical climate change and high elevation in East Asian songbirds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023918118. [PMID: 34873033 PMCID: PMC8685689 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023918118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel evolution can be expected among closely related taxa exposed to similar selective pressures. However, parallelism is typically stronger at the phenotypic level, while genetic solutions to achieve these phenotypic similarities may differ. For polygenic traits, the availability of standing genetic variation (i.e., heterozygosity) may influence such genetic nonparallelism. Here, we examine the extent to which high-elevation adaptation is parallel-and whether the level of parallelism is affected by heterozygosity-by analyzing genomes of 19 Paridae species distributed across East Asia with a dramatic east-west elevation gradient. We find that western highlands endemic parids have consistently lower levels of heterozygosity-likely the result of late-Pleistocene demographic contraction-than do parids found exclusively in eastern lowlands, which remained unglaciated during the late Pleistocene. Three widespread species (east to west) have high levels of heterozygosity similar to that observed in eastern species, although their western populations are less variable than eastern ones. Comparing genomic responses to extreme environments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we find that the most differentiated genomic regions between each high-elevation taxon and its low-elevation relative are significantly enriched for genes potentially related to the oxygen transport cascade and/or thermogenesis. Despite no parallelism at particular genes, high similarity in gene function is found among comparisons. Furthermore, parallelism is not higher in more heterozygous widespread parids than in highland endemics. Thus, in East Asian parids, parallel functional response to extreme elevation appears to rely on different genes, with differences in heterozygosity having no effect on the degree of genetic parallelism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants, LLC, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK
| | - Dezhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianlong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan, China
| | - Ulf S Johansson
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yongbin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
MORC protein family-related signature within human disease and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1112. [PMID: 34839357 PMCID: PMC8627505 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The microrchidia (MORC) family of proteins is a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, whose members contain common domain structures (GHKL-ATPase, CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domain) yet exhibit diverse biological functions. Despite the advancing research in previous decades, much of which focuses on their role as epigenetic regulators and in chromatin remodeling, relatively little is known about the role of MORCs in tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. MORCs were first identified as epigenetic regulators and chromatin remodelers in germ cell development. Currently, MORCs are regarded as disease genes that are involved in various human disorders and oncogenes in cancer progression and are expected to be the important biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. A new paradigm of expanded MORC family function has raised questions regarding the regulation of MORCs and their biological role at the subcellular level. Here, we systematically review the progress of researching MORC members with respect to their domain architectures, diverse biological functions, and distribution characteristics and discuss the emerging roles of the aberrant expression or mutation of MORC family members in human disorders and cancer development. Furthermore, the illustration of related mechanisms of the MORC family has made MORCs promising targets for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for human diseases, including cancers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The intimate association between obesity and type II diabetes urges for a deeper understanding of adipocyte function. We and others have previously delineated a role for the tumor suppressor p53 in adipocyte biology. Here, we show that mice haploinsufficient for MDM2, a key regulator of p53, in their adipose stores suffer from overt obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. These mice had decreased levels of circulating palmitoleic acid [non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) 16:1] concomitant with impaired visceral adipose tissue expression of Scd1 and Ffar4. A similar decrease in Scd and Ffar4 expression was found in in vitro differentiated adipocytes with perturbed MDM2 expression. Lowered MDM2 levels led to nuclear exclusion of the transcriptional cofactors, MORC2 and LIPIN1, and thereby possibly hampered adipocyte function by antagonizing LIPIN1-mediated PPARγ coactivation. Collectively, these data argue for a hitherto unknown interplay between MDM2 and MORC2/LIPIN1 involved in balancing adipocyte function.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee GS, Kwak G, Bae JH, Han JP, Nam SH, Lee JH, Song S, Kim GD, Park TS, Choi YK, Choi BO, Yeom SC. Morc2a p.S87L mutant mice develop peripheral and central neuropathies associated with neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049123. [PMID: 34695197 PMCID: PMC8560500 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microrchidia (MORC)-family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene is related to DNA repair, adipogenesis and epigenetic silencing via the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex. MORC2 missense mutation is known to cause peripheral neuropathy of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 Z (CMT2Z). However, there have been reports of peripheral and central neuropathy in patients, and the disease has been co-categorized with developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN). The etiology of MORC2 mutation-mediated neuropathy remains uncertain. Here, we established and analyzed Morc2a p.S87L mutant mice. Morc2a p.S87L mice displayed the clinical symptoms expected in human CMT2Z patients, such as axonal neuropathy and skeletal muscle weakness. Notably, we observed severe central neuropathy with cerebella ataxia, cognition disorder and motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord, and this seemed to be evidence of DIGFAN. Morc2a p.S87L mice exhibited an accumulation of DNA damage in neuronal cells, followed by p53/cytochrome c/caspase 9/caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. This study presents a new mouse model of CMT2Z and DIGFAN with a Morc2a p.S87L mutation. We suggest that neuronal apoptosis is a possible target for therapeutic approach in MORC2 missense mutation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Seong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam, Seoul 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Sumin Song
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
| | - Yang Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Nueungdong-ro, Gwangjin, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam, Seoul 06351, South Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam, Seoul 06351, South Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samgsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon 25354, South Korea
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanank, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang H, Yang S, Kang Q, Yang L, Liao H, Wu L. MORC2 gene de novo mutation leads to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z: A pediatric case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27208. [PMID: 34664855 PMCID: PMC8448061 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mutations of the MORC2 gene have most commonly been associated with autosomal-dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z (CMT 2Z), while the impact of MORC2 mutations in CMT 2Z on neuronal biology and their phenotypic consequences in patients remain to be clarified. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a 27-month-old child with a developmental lag of more than 1 year. He had progressive fatigue for 4 months, accompanied by dysphagia, choking while eating, and progressive aggravation. A genetic study revealed a de novo variant of MORC2, which has not yet been reported. DIAGNOSIS According to the child's clinical manifestations, genetic pattern, and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics pathogenicity analysis, the patient was diagnosed with CMT 2Z caused by MORC2 gene mutation. INTERVENTIONS Mitochondrial cocktail therapy (arginine, vitamin B1 tablets, vitamin B2 tablets, coenzyme Q10 capsules, L-carnitine oral liquid, idebenone tablets, etc) was given. OUTCOMES Mitochondrial cocktail therapy did not significantly improve the child's condition, head magnetic resonance imaging lesions were not significantly improved at outpatient follow-up more than 1 month later, and the lesions were basically unchanged. LESSONS The clinical manifestations of the disease were similar to those of Leigh syndrome, and they were not significantly improved by cocktail therapy. This site has not been reported in the literature domestically or abroad, and the pathogenesis of CMT 2Z caused by this site mutation is indeed not related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study is helpful for clinicians with regard to the differential diagnosis of Leigh syndrome and CMT 2Z and improvement of clinicians' understanding of CMT 2Z disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
MORC2 Interactome: Its Involvement in Metabolism and Cancer. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:507-514. [PMID: 34471435 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is an emerging chromatin modifier with a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. MORC2 is found to be upregulated in most cancers, playing a significant role in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MORC2 is a scaffolding protein, which interacts with the proteins involved in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, lipogenesis, and glucose metabolism. In this review, we discuss the domain architecture and cellular and subcellular localization of MORC2. Further, we highlight MORC2-specific interacting partners involved in metabolic reprogramming and other pathological functions such as cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chilunga FP, Henneman P, Venema A, Meeks KAC, Requena-Méndez A, Beune E, Mockenhaupt FP, Smeeth L, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Adeyemo A, Mannens MMAM, Agyemang C. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on C-reactive protein among Ghanaians suggests molecular links to the emerging risk of cardiovascular diseases. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:46. [PMID: 34117263 PMCID: PMC8196035 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms at the intersection of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Africans are still unknown. We performed an epigenome-wide association study to identify loci associated with serum C-reactive protein (marker of inflammation) among Ghanaians and further assessed whether differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were linked to CVD in previous reports, or to estimated CVD risk in the same population. We used the Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip to obtain DNAm profiles of blood samples in 589 Ghanaians from the RODAM study (without acute infections, not taking anti-inflammatory medications, CRP levels < 40 mg/L). We then used linear models to identify DMPs associated with CRP concentrations. Post-hoc, we evaluated associations of identified DMPs with elevated CVD risk estimated via ASCVD risk score. We also performed subset analyses at CRP levels ≤10 mg/L and replication analyses on candidate probes. Finally, we assessed for biological relevance of our findings in public databases. We subsequently identified 14 novel DMPs associated with CRP. In post-hoc evaluations, we found that DMPs in PC, BTG4 and PADI1 showed trends of associations with estimated CVD risk, we identified a separate DMP in MORC2 that was associated with CRP levels ≤10 mg/L, and we successfully replicated 65 (24%) of previously reported DMPs. All DMPs with gene annotations (13) were biologically linked to inflammation or CVD traits. We have identified epigenetic loci that may play a role in the intersection between inflammation and CVD among Ghanaians. Further studies among other Africans are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix P Chilunga
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Venema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Requena-Méndez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- Department of Medicine, MKPGMS-Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ina Danquah
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcel M A M Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vujovic D, Cornblath DR, Scherer SS. A recurrent MORC2 mutation causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:184-186. [PMID: 33844363 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We found a p.Ala406Val (c.1217C > T) mutation in MORC2 in three individuals, from two families. All three individuals were evaluated and clinical electrophysiology was completed. The neuropathy began in childhood to early adulthood, with distal weakness progressing to proximal weakness. Vinblastine (for Hodgkin lymphoma) acutely worsened the weakness in one patient. This finding confirms that that the p.Ala406Val mutation in MORC2 causes severe neuropathy. In addition, we report the first case of vinblastine neurotoxicity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Vujovic
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R Cornblath
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guddeti RK, Thomas L, Kannan A, Karyala P, Pakala SB. The chromatin modifier MORC2 affects glucose metabolism by regulating the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A through a feed forward loop with c-Myc. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1289-1302. [PMID: 33626175 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a recently identified chromatin modifier with an emerging role in cancer metastasis. However, its role in glucose metabolism, a hallmark of malignancy, remains to be explored. We found that MORC2 is a glucose-inducible gene and a target of c-Myc. Our meta-analysis revealed that MORC2 expression is positively correlated with the expression of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, overexpression of MORC2 in MCF-7 and BT-549 cells augmented the expression and activity of a key glucose metabolism enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Conversely, selective knockdown of MORC2 by siRNA markedly decreased LDHA expression and activity and in turn reduced cancer cell migration. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that MORC2, a glucose-inducible gene, modulates the migration of breast cancer cells through the MORC2-c-Myc-LDHA axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Kumar Guddeti
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, India
| | - Liz Thomas
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, India
| | - Anbarasu Kannan
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Prashanthi Karyala
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College Autonomous, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Su Y, Yu T, Wang Y, Huang X, Wei X. Circular RNA circDNM3OS Functions as a miR-145-5p Sponge to Accelerate Cholangiocarcinoma Growth and Glutamine Metabolism by Upregulating MORC2. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1117-1129. [PMID: 33628035 PMCID: PMC7898209 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s289241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common liver malignant tumor. CircRNA hsa_circ_0005230 (circDNM3OS) has been reported to exert an oncogenic role in CCA. However, the mechanisms related to circDNM3OS in CAA progression have not been fully elucidated. Methods The expression of circDNM3OS, microRNA (miR)-145-5p, and MORC2 (MORC Family CW-Type Zinc Finger 2) mRNA were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell, wound-healing, and flow cytometry assays. The levels of glutamine, α-KG (α-ketoglutarate), and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) were detected using commercial kits. The relationship between circDNM3OS or MORC2 and miR-145-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and/or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Protein level of MORC2 was measured by Western blotting. The role of circDNM3OS in CCA growth was verified by xenograft experiment. Results CircDNM3OS and MORC2 were upregulated while miR-145-5p was downregulated in CCA tissues and cells. Inhibition of circDNM3OS reduced xenograft tumor growth in vivo and constrained proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, induced apoptosis, and reduced glutamine metabolism of CCA cells in vitro. CircDNM3OS sponged miR-145-5p to elevate MORC2 expression. MiR-145-5p silencing overturned circDNM3OS knockdown-mediated influence on malignancy and glutamine metabolism of CCA cells. Also, MORC2 overexpression reversed the repressive impact of miR-145-5p mimic on malignancy and glutamine metabolism of CCA cells. Conclusion CircDNM3OS facilitates CCA growth and glutamine metabolism by regulating the miR-145-5p/MORC2 pathway, offering a novel mechanism to understand the progression of CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Su
- Department of General Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of General Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of General Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi, 330029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Although normal cells depend on exogenous lipids to function and survive, excessive amount of body fat has been associated with increased risk for certain human cancers. Cancer cells can redirect metabolic pathways to meet energy demands through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. The importance of de novo fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells suggests fatty acid metabolism may be targeted for anticancer treatment through the use of pharmacological blockade to limit cell proliferation, growth, and transformation. However, our current knowledge about fatty acid metabolism in cancer cells remains limited, and the investigations of such processes and related pathways are certainly warranted to reveal the clinical relevance of fatty acid metabolism in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
|
25
|
Guillen Sacoto MJ, Tchasovnikarova IA, Torti E, Forster C, Andrew EH, Anselm I, Baranano KW, Briere LC, Cohen JS, Craigen WJ, Cytrynbaum C, Ekhilevitch N, Elrick MJ, Fatemi A, Fraser JL, Gallagher RC, Guerin A, Haynes D, High FA, Inglese CN, Kiss C, Koenig MK, Krier J, Lindstrom K, Marble M, Meddaugh H, Moran ES, Morel CF, Mu W, Muller EA, Nance J, Natowicz MR, Numis AL, Ostrem B, Pappas J, Stafstrom CE, Streff H, Sweetser DA, Szybowska M, Walker MA, Wang W, Weiss K, Weksberg R, Wheeler PG, Yoon G, Kingston RE, Juusola J, Juusola J. De Novo Variants in the ATPase Module of MORC2 Cause a Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Growth Retardation and Variable Craniofacial Dysmorphism. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:352-363. [PMID: 32693025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MORC2 encodes an ATPase that plays a role in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Heterozygous variants in MORC2 have been reported in individuals with autosomal-dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z and spinal muscular atrophy, and the onset of symptoms ranges from infancy to the second decade of life. Here, we present a cohort of 20 individuals referred for exome sequencing who harbor pathogenic variants in the ATPase module of MORC2. Individuals presented with a similar phenotype consisting of developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth retardation, microcephaly, and variable craniofacial dysmorphism. Weakness, hyporeflexia, and electrophysiologic abnormalities suggestive of neuropathy were frequently observed but were not the predominant feature. Five of 18 individuals for whom brain imaging was available had lesions reminiscent of those observed in Leigh syndrome, and five of six individuals who had dilated eye exams had retinal pigmentary abnormalities. Functional assays revealed that these MORC2 variants result in hyperactivation of epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex, supporting their pathogenicity. The described set of morphological, growth, developmental, and neurological findings and medical concerns expands the spectrum of genetic disorders resulting from pathogenic variants in MORC2.
Collapse
|
26
|
MORC2 promotes cell growth and metastasis in human cholangiocarcinoma and is negatively regulated by miR-186-5p. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3639-3649. [PMID: 31180332 PMCID: PMC6594809 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that contributes to chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and lipogenesis. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of MORC2 and its potential functions in CCA progression. The results showed that MORC2 was upregulated in human CCA specimens and cell lines. MORC2 expression was significantly associated with serum CA19-9 levels (P = 0.009), TNM stage (P = 0.003) and lymph node invasion (P = 0.004). Furthermore, high MORC2 expression was associated with poor 5-year survival (P = 0.016). Functional experiments revealed that MORC2 knockdown could suppress CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, we found that MORC2 promoted CCA cell metastasis through the EMT process and enhanced proliferation via the Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, MORC2 was negatively regulated by miR-186-5p. MiR-186-5p could influence CCA cell proliferation, migration and metastasis by regulating MORC2. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrated the oncogenic role of MORC2 in CCA tumorigenesis and metastasis, and clarified an underlying regulatory mechanism mediating MORC2 upregulation, which may provide a novel therapeutic target in CCA treatment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu HY, Liu YY, Yang F, Zhang L, Zhang FL, Hu X, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Acetylation of MORC2 by NAT10 regulates cell-cycle checkpoint control and resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy in breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3638-3656. [PMID: 32112098 PMCID: PMC7144926 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is an oncogenic chromatin-remodeling enzyme with an emerging role in DNA repair. Here, we report a novel function for MORC2 in cell-cycle checkpoint control through an acetylation-dependent mechanism. MORC2 is acetylated by the acetyltransferase NAT10 at lysine 767 (K767Ac) and this process is counteracted by the deacetylase SIRT2 under unperturbed conditions. DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation stimulate MORC2 K767Ac through enhancing the interaction between MORC2 and NAT10. Notably, acetylated MORC2 binds to histone H3 phosphorylation at threonine 11 (H3T11P) and is essential for DNA damage-induced reduction of H3T11P and transcriptional repression of its downstream target genes CDK1 and Cyclin B1, thus contributing to DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint activation. Chemical inhibition or depletion of NAT10 or expression of an acetylation-defective MORC2 (K767R) forces cells to pass through G2 checkpoint, resulting in hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Moreover, MORC2 acetylation levels are associated with elevated NAT10 expression in clinical breast tumor samples. Together, these findings uncover a previously unrecognized role for MORC2 in regulating DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint through NAT10-mediated acetylation and provide a potential therapeutic strategy to sensitize breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy by targeting NAT10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Li K, Gong D, Zhang J, Li Q, Zhao G, Lin P. ACLY: A biomarker of recurrence in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153076. [PMID: 32825949 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ACLY is a cytoplasmic metabolic enzyme involved in lipid synthesis. It also affects proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. However, the correlation of ACLY expression with breast cancer recurrence is unclear. METHODS The Oncomine and TCGA databases were used to investigate the mRNA expression of ACLY in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate ACLY expression level in tumor tissues and normal tissues from 127 breast cancer patients. Next, the prognostic role of ACLY was explored by analyzing the clinicopathological features and prognosis during follow-up. The role of ACLY in breast cancer cells drug resistance was further detected by CCK-8 assays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS ACLY mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in the breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Clinically, high ACLY levels were associated with ER status, PR status, tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node invasion. Upregulated ACLY predicted worse tumor relapse-free survival (RFS) of breast cancer patients in univariate analyses and in multivariate models. In subgroup analysis, patients with high ACLY expression showed worse RFS in the TNM III or ER positive subgroups. Moreover, ACLY over-expression induced the resistance of breast cancer cells to docetaxel and promoted the expression of multi-drug resistant protein ABCB1/ABCG2. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the possibility of ACLY as a potential and independent biomarker for the recurrence prediction in breast cancer patients. It may be related to ACLY promoting drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di Gong
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sancho P, Bartesaghi L, Miossec O, García-García F, Ramírez-Jiménez L, Siddell A, Åkesson E, Hedlund E, Laššuthová P, Pascual-Pascual SI, Sevilla T, Kennerson M, Lupo V, Chrast R, Espinós C. Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy caused by MORC2 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1629-1644. [PMID: 30624633 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MORC2 lead to an axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy type 2Z. To date, 31 families have been described with mutations in MORC2, indicating that this gene is frequently involved in axonal CMT cases. While the genetic data clearly establish the causative role of MORC2 in CMT2Z, the impact of its mutations on neuronal biology and their phenotypic consequences in patients remains to be clarified. We show that the full-length form of MORC2 is highly expressed in both embryonic and adult human neural tissues and that Morc2 expression is dynamically regulated in both the developing and the maturing murine nervous system. To determine the effect of the most common MORC2 mutations, p.S87L and p.R252W, we used several in vitro cell culture paradigms. Both mutations induced transcriptional changes in patient-derived fibroblasts and when expressed in rodent sensory neurons. These changes were more pronounced and accompanied by abnormal axonal morphology, in neurons expressing the MORC2 p.S87L mutation, which is associated with a more severe clinical phenotype. These data provide insight into the neuronal specificity of the mutated MORC2-mediated phenotype and highlight the importance of neuronal cell models to study the pathophysiology of CMT2Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sancho
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Luca Bartesaghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivia Miossec
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco García-García
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez-Jiménez
- Department of Genomics and Translational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Siddell
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The R&D Unit, Stiftelsen Stockholms Sjukhemm, 14152, Sweden
| | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Laššuthová
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Teresa Sevilla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, and CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord NSW, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Genomics and Translational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA & IIS-La Fe Rare Diseases Joint Units, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Genomics and Translational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,INCLIVA & IIS-La Fe Rare Diseases Joint Units, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The vital role of ATP citrate lyase in chronic diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:71-95. [PMID: 31858156 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic or non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide; they usually result in long-term illnesses and demand long-term care. Despite advances in molecular therapeutics, specific biomarkers and targets for the treatment of these diseases are required. The dysregulation of de novo lipogenesis has been found to play an essential role in cell metabolism and is associated with the development and progression of many chronic diseases; this confirms the link between obesity and various chronic diseases. The main enzyme in this pathway-ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a lipogenic enzyme-catalyzes the critical reaction linking cellular glucose catabolism and lipogenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that the modulation of ACLY expression correlates with the development and progressions of various chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the inhibition of ACLY activity modulates the glycolysis and lipogenesis processes and stimulates normal physiological functions. This comprehensive review aimed to critically evaluate the role of ACLY in the development and progression of different diseases and the effects of its downregulation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis during bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:774. [PMID: 31651237 PMCID: PMC6813989 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the member of the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and responsible for severe economic losses in the cattle industry. BVDV can employ ‘infect-and-persist’ strategy and ‘hit-and-run’ strategy to remain associated with hosts and thus contributes to BVDV circulation in cattle herds. BVDV have also evolved various strategies to evade the innate immunity of host. To further understand the mechanisms by which BVDV overcomes the host cell innate immune response and provide more clues for further understanding the BVDV-host interaction, in this descriptive study, we conducted a investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the host during BVDV infection by RNA-Seq analysis. Results Our analysis identified 1297, 1732, 3072, and 1877 DEGs in the comparison groups mock vs. MDBK cells infected with BVDV post 2 h (MBV2h), mock vs. MBV6h, mock vs. MBV12h, and mock vs. MBV24h, respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability of the results were validated by RT-qPCR. Enrichment analyses of GO annotations and KEGG pathways revealed the host DEGs that are potentially induced by BVDV infection and may participate in BVDV-host interactions. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses identified the potential interactions among the DEGs. Our findings suggested that BVDV infection induced the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of genes that have antiviral roles, including ISG15, Mx1, OSA1Y, were found to be downregulated and are thus potentially associated with the inhibition of host innate immune system during BVDV infection. The expression levels of F3, C1R, KNG1, CLU, C3, FB, SERPINA5, SERPINE1, C1S, F2RL2, and C2, which belong to the complement and coagulation signalling cascades, were downregulated during BVDV infection, which suggested that the complement system might play a crucial role during BVDV infection. Conclusion In this descriptive study, our findings revealed the changes in the host transcriptome expression profile during BVDV infection and suggested that BVDV-infection induced altering the host’s metabolic network, the inhibition of the expression of antiviral proteins and genes within the complement system might be contributed to BVDV proliferation. The above findings provided unique insights for further studies on the mechanisms underlying BVDV-host interactions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang F, Xie HY, Yang LF, Zhang L, Zhang FL, Liu HY, Li DQ, Shao ZM. Stabilization of MORC2 by estrogen and antiestrogens through GPER1- PRKACA-CMA pathway contributes to estrogen-induced proliferation and endocrine resistance of breast cancer cells. Autophagy 2019; 16:1061-1076. [PMID: 32401166 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of estrogen signaling through three ESR (estrogen receptor) subtypes, termed ESR1/ERα, ESR2/ERβ, and GPER1 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1), is implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression. Antiestrogens tamoxifen (TAM) and fulvestrant (FUL) are effective for treatment of ESR1-positive breast tumors, but development of resistance represents a major clinical challenge. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these events remain largely unknown. Here, we report that 17β-estradiol (E2), TAM, and FUL stabilize MORC2 (MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2), an emerging oncoprotein in human cancer, in a GPER1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, GPER1 activates PRKACA (protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha), which in turn phosphorylates MORC2 at threonine 582 (T582). Phosphorylated MORC2 decreases its interaction with HSPA8 (heat shock protein family A [Hsp70] member 8) and LAMP2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A), two core components of the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) machinery, thus protecting MORC2 from lysosomal degradation by CMA. Functionally, knockdown of MORC2 attenuates E2-induced cell proliferation and enhances cellular sensitivity to TAM and FUL. Moreover, introduction of wild-type MORC2, but not its phosphorylation-lacking mutant (T582A), in MORC2-depleted cells restores resistance to antiestrogens. Clinically, the phosphorylation levels of MORC2 at T582 are elevated in breast tumors from patients undergoing recurrence after TAM treatment. Together, these findings delineate a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for MORC2 stabilization in response to estrogen and antiestrogens via blocking CMA-mediated lysosomal degradation and uncover a dual role for MORC2 in both estrogen-induced proliferation and resistance to antiestrogen therapies of breast cancer cells. ABBREVIATIONS 4-OHT: 4-hydroxytamoxifen; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; E2: 17β-estradiol; ESR: estrogen receptor; FUL: fulvestrant; GPER1: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1; HSPA8: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MORC2: MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2; PRKACA: protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; TAM: tamoxifen; VCL: vinculin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Feng Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
MORC2 regulates C/EBPα-mediated cell differentiation via sumoylation. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1905-1917. [PMID: 30644437 PMCID: PMC6748086 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) are involved in sumoylation modification, which is critical to divert normal cells from differentiation to proliferation. However, the role and underlying mechanism of C/EBPα in cancer is poorly understood. Human MORC2 (microrchidia family CW-type zinc-finger 2), is a member of the MORC proteins family containing a CW-type zinc-finger domain. Here, we found that MORC2 interacted with TE-III domain of C/EBPα, and the overexpression of MORC2 promoted wild-type C/EBPα sumoylation and its subsequent degradation, which didn’t significantly observe in mutant C/EBPα-K161R. Furthermore, the overexpression of MORC2 inhibited C/EBPα-mediated C2C12 cell differentiation to maintain cell cycle progression. Moreover, the striking correlation between the decreased C/EBPα expression and the increased MORC2 expression was also observed in the poor differentiation status of gastric cancer tissues. Most notably, the high expression of MORC2 is correlated with an aggressive phenotype of clinical gastric cancer and shorter overall survival of patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that MORC2 expression regulated C/EBPα-mediated the axis of differentiation/proliferation via sumoylation modification, and affected its protein stability, causing cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu J, Shao Y, He Y, Ning K, Cui X, Liu F, Wang Z, Li F. MORC2 promotes development of an aggressive colorectal cancer phenotype through inhibition of NDRG1. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:135-146. [PMID: 30407715 PMCID: PMC6317918 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MORC2 (microrchidia family CW‐type zinc finger 2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein that functions in diverse biological processes including gene transcription. NDRG1 is a metastasis suppressor and a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between MORC2 and NDRG1 transcriptional regulation and the roles of MORC2 in CRC remain elusive. Here, we showed that MORC2 downregulated NDRG1 mRNA, protein levels, and promoter activity in CRC cells. We also found that MORC2 bound to the −446 to −213 bp region of the NDRG1 promoter. Mechanistically, histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was involved in NDRG1 transcriptional regulation. MORC2 was able to interact with SIRT1 and inhibit NDRG1 promoter activity cumulatively with SIRT1. MORC2 overexpression led to a decrease of H3Ac and H4Ac of the NDRG1 promoter. Importantly, we showed that NDRG1 was essential in MORC2‐mediated promotion of CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as lung metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Moreover, MORC2 expression correlated negatively with NDRG1 expression in CRC patients. High expression of MORC2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019) and poor pTNM stage (P = 0.02) and the expression of MORC2 correlated with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. Our findings thus contribute to the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of MORC2 in downregulating NDRG1, and suggest MORC2 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangguang Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding QS, Zhang L, Wang BC, Zeng Z, Zou XQ, Cao PB, Zhou GM, Tang M, Wu L, Wu LL, Yu HG, Guo Y, Zhou FX. Aberrant high expression level of MORC2 is a common character in multiple cancers. Hum Pathol 2018; 76:58-67. [PMID: 29555576 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
36
|
Pan Z, Ding Q, Guo Q, Guo Y, Wu L, Wu L, Tang M, Yu H, Zhou F. MORC2, a novel oncogene, is upregulated in liver cancer and contributes to proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:59-72. [PMID: 29620211 PMCID: PMC5958890 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is important in DNA damage repair and lipogenesis, however, the clinical and functional role of MORC2 in liver cancer remains to be fully elucidated. The aim the present study was to clarify the role of MORC2 in liver cancer. Expression profile analysis, immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the levels of MORC2 in liver cancer patient specimens and cell lines; subsequently the expression of MORC2 was suppressed or increased in liver cancer cells and the effects of MORC2 on the cancerous transformation of liver cancer cells were examined in vitro and in vivo. MORC2 was upregulated in liver cancer tissues, and the upregulation was associated with certain clinicopathologic features of patients with liver cancer. MORC2 knockdown caused marked inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation and clonogenicity, whereas the overexpression of MORC2 substantially promoted liver cancer cell proliferation. In addition, the knockdown of MORC2 inhibited the migratory and invasive ability of liver cancer cells, whereas increased migration and invasion rates were observed in cells with ectopic expression of MORC2. In a model of nude mice, the overexpression of MORC2 promoted tumorigenicity and markedly enhanced pulmonary metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, MORC2 regulated apoptosis and its expression level had an effect on the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Mechanically, MORC2 modulated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, possibly in a p53-dependent manner, and its dysregulation also resulted in the abnormal activation of the Hippo pathway. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the present study confirmed that MORC2 was a novel oncogene in liver cancer. These results provide useful insight into the mechanism underlying the tumorigenesis and progression of liver cancer, and offers clues into potential novel liver cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianshan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Guo
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guanxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes. Cell Rep 2017; 17:29-36. [PMID: 27681418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF21 improves the metabolic profile of obese animals through its actions on adipocytes. To elucidate the signaling network responsible for mediating these effects, we quantified dynamic changes in the adipocyte phosphoproteome following acute exposure to FGF21. FGF21 regulated a network of 821 phosphosites on 542 proteins. A major FGF21-regulated signaling node was mTORC1/S6K. In contrast to insulin, FGF21 activated mTORC1 via MAPK rather than through the canonical PI3K/AKT pathway. Activation of mTORC1/S6K by FGF21 was surprising because this is thought to contribute to deleterious metabolic effects such as obesity and insulin resistance. Rather, mTORC1 mediated many of the beneficial actions of FGF21 in vitro, including UCP1 and FGF21 induction, increased adiponectin secretion, and enhanced glucose uptake without any adverse effects on insulin action. This study provides a global view of FGF21 signaling and suggests that mTORC1 may act to facilitate FGF21-mediated health benefits in vivo.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiang H, Zhong ZX, Peng YD, Jiang SW. The Emerging Role of Zfp217 in Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071367. [PMID: 28653987 PMCID: PMC5535860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 217 (Zfp217), a member of the krüppel-type zinc finger protein family, plays diverse roles in cell differentiation and development of mammals. Despite extensive research on the functions of Zfp217 in cancer, pluripotency and reprogramming, its physiological roles in adipogenesis remain unknown. Our previous RNA sequencing data suggest the involvement of Zfp217 in adipogenesis. In this study, the potential function of Zfp217 in adipogenesis was investigated through bioinformatics analysis and a series of experiments. The expression of Zfp217 was found to be gradually upregulated during the adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells, which was consistent with that of the adipogenic marker gene Pparg2. Furthermore, there was a positive, significant relationship between Zfp217 expression and adipocyte differentiation. It was also observed that Zfp217 could not only trigger proliferative defect in C3H10T1/2 cells, but also interact with Ezh2 and suppress the downstream target genes of Ezh2. Besides, three microRNAs (miR-503-5p, miR-135a-5p and miR-19a-3p) which target Zfp217 were found to suppress the process of adipogenesis. This is the first report showing that Zfp217 has the capacity to regulate adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhu-Xia Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong-Dong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Si-Wen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chromatin remodeling protein MORC2 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis through a PRD domain-mediated interaction with CTNND1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97941-97954. [PMID: 29228664 PMCID: PMC5716704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein with emerging roles in the regulation of DNA damage response and gene transcription, but its mechanistic role in breast cancer development and progression remains unexplored. Here, we show that MORC2 promoted breast cancer invasion and metastasis and these effects depended on a proline-rich domain (PRD) within its carboxy-terminal region spanning residues 601–734. Induced expression of wild-type MORC2 did not significantly affect cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic lung colonization in vivo. The PRD domain was dispensable for the protein stability and subcellular localization of MORC2, but depletion of the PRD domain substantially suppressed MORC2-mediated migration, invasion, and metastasis. Proteomic and biochemical analyses further demonstrated that wild-type MORC2, but not PRD deletion mutant, interacted with catenin delta 1 (CTNND1), a cadherin-associated protein that participates in tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous CTNND1 by short hairpin RNAs suppressed the migratory and invasive potential of MORC2-expressing cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MORC2 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis through its PRD domain-mediated interaction with CTNND1.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang D, Yin L, Wei J, Yang Z, Jiang G. ATP citrate lyase is increased in human breast cancer, depletion of which promotes apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698338. [PMID: 28443474 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that is harmful to women’s health around the world. Investigating the biological mechanism is, therefore, of pivotal importance to improve patients’ prognoses. Compared to non-neoplastic tissues, enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the most common properties of malignant breast cancer. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase is a key enzyme linking aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and is of high biological and prognostic significance in breast cancer. In our clinical study, fresh clinical tissues were used to analyze ATP citrate lyase expression by western blotting, and paraffin archived samples from 62 breast cancer patients were used to analyze ATP citrate lyase expression by immunohistochemistry. In the cellular study, following small interfering RNA–mediated inhibition of ATP citrate lyase in MCF-7 cells, cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Breast cancer tissues showed strong expression of ATP citrate lyase, whereas adjacent normal tissues showed weak expression. Silencing of endogenous ATP citrate lyase expression by small interfering RNA in MCF-7 cells suppressed cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Collectively, our study revealed that expression of ATP citrate lyase was significantly increased in breast cancer tissue compared with normal tissue. In addition, we found that depletion of ATP citrate lyase suppressed tumor growth, which suggests that ATP citrate lyase–related inhibitors might be potential therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhixue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Koch A, Kang HG, Steinbrenner J, Dempsey DA, Klessig DF, Kogel KH. MORC Proteins: Novel Players in Plant and Animal Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1720. [PMID: 29093720 PMCID: PMC5651269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) proteins comprise a family of proteins that have been identified in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are defined by two hallmark domains: a GHKL-type ATPase and an S5 fold. MORC proteins in plants were first discovered via a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants compromised for resistance to a viral pathogen. Subsequent studies expanded their role in plant immunity and revealed their involvement in gene silencing and transposable element repression. Emerging data suggest that MORC proteins also participate in pathogen-induced chromatin remodeling and epigenetic gene regulation. In addition, biochemical analyses recently demonstrated that plant MORCs have topoisomerase II (topo II)-like DNA modifying activities that may be important for their function. Interestingly, animal MORC proteins exhibit many parallels with their plant counterparts, as they have been implicated in disease development and gene silencing. In addition, human MORCs, like plant MORCs, bind salicylic acid and this inhibits some of their topo II-like activities. In this review, we will focus primarily on plant MORCs, although relevant comparisons with animal MORCs will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Koch
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hong-Gu Kang
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Jens Steinbrenner
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel F. Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel F. Klessig
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute for Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Karl-Heinz Kogel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hong G, Qiu H, Wang C, Jadhav G, Wang H, Tickner J, He W, Xu J. The Emerging Role of MORC Family Proteins in Cancer Development and Bone Homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:928-934. [PMID: 27791268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC or MORC family CW-type zinc finger protein), a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, is an interesting new player in signaling-dependent chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. MORC family proteins consist of MORC1, MORC2, MORC3, and MORC4 which display common structural determinants such as CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domains. They also exhibit unique structural motifs and tissue-specific expression profiles. MORC1 was first discovered as a key regulator for male meiosis and spermatogenesis. Accumulating biochemical and functional analyses unveil MORC proteins as key regulators for cancer development. More recently, using an ENU mutagenesis mouse model, MORC3 was found to play a role in regulating bone and calcium homeostasis. Here we discuss recent research progress on the emerging role of MORC proteins in cancer development and bone metabolism. Unravelling the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MORC proteins carry out their functions in a tissue specific manner are important subjects for future investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 928-934, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gaurav Jadhav
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haibin Wang
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei He
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The National Key Discipline and the Orthopedic Laboratory, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,School of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao X, Li X, Hu Z, Liu L, Xie Y, Tian T, Man J, Wang J, Zi X, Xia K, Tang B, Wei X, Zhang R. MORC2 mutations in a cohort of Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2. Brain 2016; 139:e56. [PMID: 27329773 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- 2 National Key Lab of Medical Genetics of China, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Liu
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhi Xie
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Juan Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Zi
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- 2 National Key Lab of Medical Genetics of China, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- 4 Department of Neurology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ruxu Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Q, Song Y, Chen W, Wang X, Miao Z, Cao L, Li F, Wang G. By recruiting HDAC1, MORC2 suppresses p21 Waf1/Cip1 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16461-70. [PMID: 26098774 PMCID: PMC4599282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia (MORC) family CW-type zinc-finger 2 (MORC2) regulates chromatin remodeling during the DNA-damage response, represses gene transcription, promotes lipogenesis. Here, we found that MORC2 down-regulated p21 by recruiting HDAC1 to the p21 promoter, in a p53-independent manner. MORC2-mediated down-regulation of p21 in turn promoted cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, MORC2 expression correlated negatively with p21 expression in gastric tumors in patients. We suggest that MORC2 may be a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hyun YS, Hong YB, Choi BO, Chung KW. Clinico-genetics in Korean Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z with MORC2 mutations. Brain 2016; 139:e40. [PMID: 27105897 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Se Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Centre and Neuroscience Centre, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Centre and Neuroscience Centre, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Tech, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
PAK1-mediated MORC2 phosphorylation promotes gastric tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9877-86. [PMID: 25888627 PMCID: PMC4496403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, microrchidia (MORC) family CW-type zinc-finger 2 (MORC2), has been found to be involved in p21-activated kinase1 (PAK1) pathway to maintain genomic integrity. Here, we explore its novel role in cancer. We demonstrate that PAK1-mediated MORC2 phosphorylation promotes cell cycle progression, defective phosphorylation of MORC2-S677A results in attenuated cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells, which is significantly enhanced in overexpression of phospho-mimic MORC2-S677E form, suggesting the importance of MORC2 phosphorylation in tumorigenesis. More importantly, phosphorylation of MORC2 correlates positively with PAK1 expression in clinical gastric cancer. Furthermore, high expression of PAK1 and phosphorylation of MORC2 appear to be associated with poor prognosis of clinical gastric cancer. Collectively, these findings revealed a novel function of MORC2 phosphorylation in promoting gastric cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, suggesting that blocking PAK1-mediated MORC2 phosphorylation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Albulym OM, Kennerson ML, Harms MB, Drew AP, Siddell AH, Auer-Grumbach M, Pestronk A, Connolly A, Baloh RH, Zuchner S, Reddel SW, Nicholson GA. MORC2 mutations cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with pyramidal signs. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:419-27. [PMID: 26659848 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing to identify the genetic mutation in a multigenerational Australian family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and pyramidal signs. METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed to map the locus. Whole exome sequencing was undertaken on selected individuals (3 affected, 1 normal), and segregation analysis and mutation screening were carried out using high-resolution melt analysis. The GEM.app database was queried to identify additional families with mutations. RESULTS Significant linkage (2-point LOD score ≥ +3) and haplotype analysis mapped a new locus for CMT2 and pyramidal signs to a 6.6Mb interval on chromosome 22q12.1-q12.3. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel mutation (p.R252W) in the microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene mapping within the linkage region. The mutation fully segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. Screening additional families and querying unsolved CMT2 exomes, we identified the p.R252W mutation in 2 unrelated early onset CMT2 families and a second mutation p.E236G in 2 unrelated CMT2 families. Both the mutations occurred at highly conserved amino acid residues and were absent in the normal population. INTERPRETATION We have identified a new locus in which MORC2 mutations are the likely pathogenic cause of CMT2 and pyramidal signs in these families. MORC2 encodes the human CW-type zinc finger 2 protein, which is a chromatin modifier involved in the regulation of DNA repair as well as gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid M Albulym
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alexander P Drew
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna H Siddell
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Anne Connolly
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr John T. MacDonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Stephen W Reddel
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Witte N, Muenzner M, Rietscher J, Knauer M, Heidenreich S, Nuotio-Antar AM, Graef FA, Fedders R, Tolkachov A, Goehring I, Schupp M. The Glucose Sensor ChREBP Links De Novo Lipogenesis to PPARγ Activity and Adipocyte Differentiation. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4008-19. [PMID: 26181104 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reduced de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue, often observed in obese individuals, is thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Besides trapping excess glucose and providing for triglycerides and energy storage, endogenously synthesized lipids can function as potent signaling molecules. Indeed, several specific lipids and their molecular targets that mediate insulin sensitivity have been recently identified. Here, we report that carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional inducer of glucose use and de novo lipogenesis, controls the activity of the adipogenic master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Expression of constitutive-active ChREBP in precursor cells activated endogenous PPARγ and promoted adipocyte differentiation. Intriguingly, ChREBP-constitutive-active ChREBP expression induced PPARγ activity in a fatty acid synthase-dependent manner and by trans-activating the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. Reducing endogenous ChREBP activity by either small interfering RNA-mediated depletion, exposure to low-glucose concentrations, or expressing a dominant-negative ChREBP impaired differentiation. In adipocytes, ChREBP regulated the expression of PPARγ target genes, in particular those involved in thermogenesis, similar to synthetic PPARγ ligands. In summary, our data suggest that ChREBP controls the generation of endogenous fatty acid species that activate PPARγ. Thus, increasing ChREBP activity in adipose tissue by therapeutic interventions may promote insulin sensitivity through PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Witte
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Janita Rietscher
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Steffi Heidenreich
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alli M Nuotio-Antar
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ronja Fedders
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alexander Tolkachov
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Isabel Goehring
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité University School of Medicine (N.W., M.M., J.R., M.K., S.H., F.A.G., R.F., A.T., I.G., M.S.), Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin 10115, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics (A.M.N.-A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutritional Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sevilla T, Lupo V, Martínez-Rubio D, Sancho P, Sivera R, Chumillas MJ, García-Romero M, Pascual-Pascual SI, Muelas N, Dopazo J, Vílchez JJ, Palau F, Espinós C. Mutations in the MORC2 gene cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2015; 139:62-72. [PMID: 26497905 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a complex disorder with wide genetic heterogeneity. Here we present a new axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease form, associated with the gene microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2). Whole-exome sequencing in a family with autosomal dominant segregation identified the novel MORC2 p.R190W change in four patients. Further mutational screening in our axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease clinical series detected two additional sporadic cases, one patient who also carried the same MORC2 p.R190W mutation and another patient that harboured a MORC2 p.S25L mutation. Genetic and in silico studies strongly supported the pathogenicity of these sequence variants. The phenotype was variable and included patients with congenital or infantile onset, as well as others whose symptoms started in the second decade. The patients with early onset developed a spinal muscular atrophy-like picture, whereas in the later onset cases, the initial symptoms were cramps, distal weakness and sensory impairment. Weakness and atrophy progressed in a random and asymmetric fashion and involved limb girdle muscles, leading to a severe incapacity in adulthood. Sensory loss was always prominent and proportional to disease severity. Electrophysiological studies were consistent with an asymmetric axonal motor and sensory neuropathy, while fasciculations and myokymia were recorded rather frequently by needle electromyography. Sural nerve biopsy revealed pronounced multifocal depletion of myelinated fibres with some regenerative clusters and occasional small onion bulbs. Morc2 is expressed in both axons and Schwann cells of mouse peripheral nerve. Different roles in biological processes have been described for MORC2. As the silencing of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease genes have been associated with DNA damage response, it is tempting to speculate that a deregulation of this pathway may be linked to the axonal degeneration observed in MORC2 neuropathy, thus adding a new pathogenic mechanism to the long list of causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sevilla
- 1 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell no. 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 3 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibáñez no. 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 4 Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Martínez-Rubio
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 4 Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Sancho
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 4 Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sivera
- 1 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell no. 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Chumillas
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 5 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell no. 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar García-Romero
- 6 Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, P° de la Castellana no. 261, 08046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel I Pascual-Pascual
- 6 Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, P° de la Castellana no. 261, 08046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- 1 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell no. 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 7 Program on Computational Genomics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Vílchez
- 1 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell no. 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 3 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avd. Blasco Ibáñez no. 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 4 Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 8 Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, and Pediatric Institute for Rare Diseases (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, P° Sant Joan de Déu no. 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain 4 Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 13, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
SRSF10 regulates alternative splicing and is required for adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2198-207. [PMID: 24710272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01674-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During adipocyte differentiation, significant alternative splicing changes occur in association with the adipogenic process. However, little is known about roles played by splicing factors in this process. We observed that mice deficient for the splicing factor SRSF10 exhibit severely impaired development of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) as a result of defects in adipogenic differentiation. To identify splicing events responsible for this, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed using embryonic fibroblast cells. Several SRSF10-affected splicing events that are implicated in adipogenesis have been identified. Notably, lipin1, known as an important regulator during adipogenesis, was further investigated. While lipin1β is mainly involved in lipogenesis, its alternatively spliced isoform lipin1α, generated through the skipping of exon 7, is primarily required for initial adipocyte differentiation. Skipping of exon 7 is controlled by an SRSF10-regulated cis element located in the constitutive exon 8. The activity of this element depends on the binding of SRSF10 and correlates with the relative abundance of lipin1α mRNA. A series of experiments demonstrated that SRSF10 controls the production of lipin1α and thus promotes adipocyte differentiation. Indeed, lipin1α expression could rescue SRSF10-mediated adipogenic defects. Taken together, our results identify SRSF10 as an essential regulator for adipocyte differentiation and also provide new insights into splicing control by SRSF10 in lipin1 pre-mRNA splicing.
Collapse
|