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Zhao D, Wang W, Niu YY, Ren XH, Shen AJ, Xiang YS, Xie HY, Wu LH, Chen Y, Zhang YY. Amide proton transfer-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for application in renal fibrosis: A radiological-pathological based analysis. Am J Nephrol 2024:000536232. [PMID: 38228096 DOI: 10.1159/000536232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis (RF) being the most important pathological change in the progression of CKD, is currently assessed by the evaluation of a biopsy. This present study aimed to apply a novel functional MRI (fMRI) protocol named amide proton transfer weighting (APTw) to evaluate RF non-invasively. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were initially subjected to bilateral kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and Sham operation, respectively. All rats underwent APT mapping on the 7th and the 14th day after operation. Besides, 26 patients undergoing renal biopsy at the Nephrology Department of Shanghai Tongji Hospital between July 2022 and May 2023. Patients underwent APT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mappings within 1 week before biopsy. MRI results of both patients and rats were calculated by comparing with gold standard histology for fibrosis assessment. RESULTS In animal models, the cortical APT (cAPT) and medullary APT (mAPT) values were positively correlated with the degree of renal fibrosis. Compared to the sham group, IRI group showed significantly increased cAPT and mAPT values on the 7th and 14th day after surgery, but no group differences were found in ADC values. Similar results were found in human patients. Cortical/medullary APT values were significantly increased in patients with moderate-to-severe fibrosis than patients with mild fibrosis. ROC curve analysis indicated that APT value displayed a better diagnostic value for RF. Furthermore, combination of cADC and cAPT improved fibrosis detection by imaging variables alone (p<0.1). CONCLUSION APT values had better diagnostic capability at early stage of RF compared to ADC values, and the addition of APT imaging to conventional ADC will significantly improve the diagnostic performance for predicting kidney fibrosis.
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Li JY, Sun XA, Wang X, Yang NH, Xie HY, Guo HJ, Lu L, Xie X, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhang W, Lu LM. PGAM5 exacerbates acute renal injury by initiating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by facilitating mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:125-136. [PMID: 37684381 PMCID: PMC10770374 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem characterized by the massive loss of tubular cells. However, the precise mechanism for initiating tubular cell death has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells during ischaemia/reperfusion or cisplatin-induced AKI in mice. PGAM5 knockout significantly alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway and tubular apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibitors alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Mechanistically, as a protein phosphatase, PGAM5 could dephosphorylate Bax and facilitate Bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane. The translocation of Bax to mitochondria increased membrane permeability, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and facilitated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c) into the cytoplasm. Knockdown of Bax attenuated PGAM5 overexpression-induced Cyt c release and tubular cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that the increase in PGAM5-mediated Bax dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation was implicated in the development of AKI by initiating mitochondrial Cyt c release and activating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Targeting this axis might be beneficial for alleviating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xi-Ang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning-Hao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng-Jiang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671013, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Ni JY, Wang X, Xie HY, Yang NH, Li JY, Sun XA, Guo HJ, Zhou L, Zhang W, Liu J, Lu LM. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP11 promotes renal tubular cell senescence and fibrosis via inhibiting the ubiquitin degradation of TGF-β receptor II. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:584-595. [PMID: 36045219 PMCID: PMC9958121 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is regarded as a key factor in promoting renal fibrosis during chronic kidney disease (CKD). Signaling transduction of TGF-β1 starts with binding to TGF-β type II receptor (Tgfbr2), a constitutively activated kinase that phosphorylates TGF-β type I receptor (Tgfbr1), and then activates downstream Smad2/3 or noncanonical pathways. Previous studies show that cellular senescence is associated with the progression of CKD, and accelerated tubular cell senescence is implicated in promoting renal fibrosis. In the present study we investigated the renal parenchymal cell senescence in fibrosis from the sight of posttranslational regulation and focused on Tgfbr2, the important gatekeeper for TGF-β1 downstream signaling. In mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA)-induced fibrotic kidneys, we found that Tgfbr2 was markedly elevated without obvious change in its mRNA levels. As an important member of deubiquitinating enzymes, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (Usp11) was also significantly increased in fibrotic kidneys, and co-distributed with Tgfbr2 in tubular epithelial cells. Pretreatment with Usp11 inhibitor mitoxantrone (MTX, 30 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p.) twice a week, for 2 weeks significantly attenuated the elevation of Tgfbr2, activation in downstream senescence-related signaling pathway, as well as renal senescence and fibrosis. In cultured mouse tubular epithelial cells (MTECs), treatment with angiotensin II (Ang-II, 10-7, 10-6 M) dose-dependently elevated both Tgfbr2 and Usp11 levels. Inhibition or knockdown on Usp11 attenuated Ang-II-induced elevation in Tgfbr2 level, and attenuated the activation of downstream senescent-related signaling pathway and as well as cell senescence. We conducted Co-IP experiments, which revealed that Usp11 was able to interact with Tgfbr2, and inhibition of Usp11 increased the ubiquitination of Tgfbr2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the elevation of Usp11 under pathological condition is implicated in promoting renal fibrosis. Usp11 promotes the development of renal fibrosis by deubiquitinating Tgfbr2, reducing Tgfbr2 ubiquitination degradation, and then facilitating the activation of downstream senescent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yun Ni
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning-Hao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi-Ang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng-Jiang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Di XB, Liu SW, Xie HY, Zeng XY, Meng ZD, Xiao L. [Smoking relapse rate and influencing factors in smokers aged 15 years and above in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:1388-1393. [PMID: 36117344 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211130-00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the relapse status of smokers aged ≥15 years in China, and investigate the main factors influencing their relapse behavior. Methods: The data of this study cames from the 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, covering 400 committees or villages in 200 districts or counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. The relevant data of smoking and relapsing in residents aged ≥15 years were collected by face-to-face interview. Software SAS 9.4 was used to clean and analyze the data, and logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for relapse rate. Results: A total of 19 376 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 91.50%. In 2018, 66.05% of smokers aged ≥15 years in China had smoking relapse, in whom 66.59% were males and 55.79% were females. In all age groups, the age group 15-24 years had the highest smoking relapse rate (82.63%). Multivariate analysis showed that the younger age 15-24 years (OR=4.618,95%CI:1.981-10.763), e-cigarette use (OR=9.782,95%CI:3.139-30.490), and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the past 30 days (OR=1.710,95%CI:1.291-2.265) were associated with higher smoking relapse rate. Compared with people who were allowed smoking at home or those without smoking limit, the smoking relapse rate in people who were not allowed to smoke at home (OR=0.562, 95%CI: 0.439-0.719) or those with smoking limit (OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.366-0.647) was lower. Conclusion: The smoking relapse rate in Chinese smokers is high, especially in young people. It is suggested to conduct targeted intervention based on the results of this study to reduce the smoking relapse rate and help achieve the smoking control goal in Healthy China 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Di
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S W Liu
- Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zeng
- Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z D Meng
- Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Lin SZ, Xie HY, Qu YL, Gao W, Wang WQ, Li JY, Feng XC, Jin CQ. Novel frameshift mutation in the AHDC1 gene in a Chinese global developmental delay patient: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7517-7522. [PMID: 36157999 PMCID: PMC9353910 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i21.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xia–Gibbs syndrome (XGS, OMIM: 615829), caused by mutations within the AT-Hook DNA-binding motif-containing protein 1 (AHDC1) gene (OMIM: 615790), located on the short arm of chromosome 1 within the cytogenetic band 1p36.11, contains five noncoding 5 exons, a single 4.9-kb coding exon, and a noncoding 3 exon.
CASE SUMMARY In this case report, we diagnosed and treated a 6-mo-old girl with XGS. The primary clinical symptoms included global developmental delay, hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. Using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing to sequence the patient and her parents, and the results showed a novel frameshift mutation of c.1155dupG (p.Arg386Alafs*3) in the AHDC1 gene. The paternal gene was wild type.
CONCLUSION This report extends the mutation spectrum of the AHDC1 gene to provide the diagnostic basis for genetic counseling in families with XGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Lai Qu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Feng
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Quan Jin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Nan Y, Di XB, Zeng XY, Xie HY, Meng ZD, Liu SW, Xiao L. [Quit intention and smoking cessation behavior of current smokers aged 15 years and above in China, 2018]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:818-823. [PMID: 35725335 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211130-00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors. Methods: The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott χ2 test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally (OR=3.42, 95%CI: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past (OR=4.91, 95%CI: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. Conclusion: Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nan
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X B Di
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zeng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z D Meng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S W Liu
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Xi Z, Di XB, Nan Y, Zeng XY, Xie HY, Meng ZD, Liu SW, Xiao L. [Analysis of exposure to tobacco advertisement and promotion among Chinese adults aged 15 years and above, 2010 and 2018]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:830-834. [PMID: 35725337 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211130-00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the exposure to tobacco advertisements and promotions among Chinese adults aged 15 and above, identify the publicity channels and forms of tobacco advertising and promotion in 2010 and 2018, and implicate further tobacco control measures in China. Methods: A multistage, stratified, randomized cluster sampling design was used in 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, with national representativeness. 13 354 and 19 376 permanent residents were selected in the 2010 and 2018 surveys. SAS 9.4 software was applied for data analysis, and all the data were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Rao Scott χ2 test was used for group comparison of a single factor. Results: In 2010 and 2018, 19.61% and 18.14% of the survey respondents did see tobacco advertising and promotion. From 2010 to 2018, there was no significant change in the situation of tobacco advertisements and promotions. Among those who had gone to a cigarette shop, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 29.28% in 2010 to 43.28% in 2018. Among those who had seen tobacco advertisements on TV, the rate fell from 50.93% in 2010 to 28.58% in 2018. Among those who had gone to movie theaters, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 2.17% in 2010 to 9.89% in 2018. Among those who had used the Internet, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements online rose from 19.20% in 2010 to 42.30% in 2018. In terms of tobacco promotion, the percentages of people who had seen tobacco promotions, cigarette price discounts, cigarette discount coupons, gifts, and other preferential activities in various places in the past 30 days were 4.99% vs. 9.30%, 0.78% vs. 4.09%, 0.04% vs. 0.33% and 0.98% vs. 3.33% in 2010 and 2018, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: Tobacco advertising and promotion are still prevalent in China, with no significant change in 2010 and 2018. Tobacco advertising and promotion have been with the constant changes and development of media platforms. It is necessary to improve the implementation of relevant policies, comprehensively ban tobacco advertisements and promotions, and strengthen the supervision of ads and promotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xi
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X B Di
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y Nan
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zeng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z D Meng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S W Liu
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Huang YY, Di XB, Nan Y, Zeng XY, Xie HY, Meng ZD, Xiao L, Liu SW. [Secondhand smoke exposure and its influencing factors among Chinese people aged 15 years and above in 2010 and 2018]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:824-829. [PMID: 35725336 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211130-00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-current smokers aged 15 and over and its influencing factors in China in 2010 and 2018. Methods: The 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Surveys used multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods to obtain national representative samples across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study selected non-current smokers aged 15 and over as the research subjects to describe the general demographic characteristics, perceptions of SHS hazards, attitudes towards smoking bans in indoor areas in public places, and SHS exposure and the smoking restriction regulations in different places. The Rao-Scott χ2 test was used to compare the rates, and the unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SHS exposure. All the subjects in the analysis were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Results: Among non-current smokers aged 15 and over, from 2010 to 2018, the percentage of indoor smokers had decreased from 84.7% to 71.9%. The rates of people who saw smoking in various places declined with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The exposure to SHS for females, people aged 45-64, teachers, medical staff, workers in enterprises, businesses, waiters, and people who live in rural and central areas declined. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the percentage of SHS exposure for those who reported a comprehensive smoking ban in households or allowed smoking in certain areas was lower than for those who reported allowed or without a smoking ban. Among those aged 25-44, SHS exposure for those who reported complete smoking prohibition in workplaces was lower than those who reported allowed or without smoking prohibition (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.87). The proportion of SHS exposure for those who believe that smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of 0-5 public places is higher than that smoking should not be allowed in the indoor spaces of 8 public places (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.35-3.36). Among people aged 45-64, the proportions of SHS exposure for teachers (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.17-0.78) and medical staff (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.16-0.76) and staff working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy were lower than governmental staff (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.29-0.84). Conclusions: Data from the decreased exposure of Chinese non-current smokers aged 15 and over to SHS suggests the initial achievement through constructing a smoke-free environment, but continued efforts are needed. It is necessary to actively advocate for smoke-free families, strengthen publicity and education on the hazards of tobacco and SHS, and improve the skills of non-smokers in rejecting SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Huang
- Health Promotion Office/Tobacco Control Office, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X B Di
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y Nan
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zeng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z D Meng
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S W Liu
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Xie HY, Chen G, Li XM, Li X. [The 493th case: recurrent edema of bilateral lower extremeties]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:355-358. [PMID: 35263982 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210603-00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 43-year-old male patient with onset of edema caused by nephrotic proteinuria and low titer of anti-M type phospholipase-A2-receptor (PLA2R) antibody was diagnosed as idiopathic membranous nephropathy by renal biopsy. Administrated with prednisone 40 mg once a day and cyclosporine 100 mg twice a day as front-line regimen, the patient relapsed after transient partial remission. When treatment was combined with cyclophosphamide 100 mg once a day, the 24-hour total urine protein and titer of anti-PLA2R antibody were even elevated. Therefore, the patient received rituximab 1 g intravenously in April 2019, October 2019 and October 2020 respectively. CD19 positive B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were eliminated from 71/μl to zero. Immunosuppressants and corticosteroids were withdrawn successively. On the last follow-up in November 2020, the anti-PLA2R antibody was negative, and the 24-hour total urine protein and serum albumin was 4.4 g and 34 g/L, respectively. This case suggested the potential efficacy of rituximab for refractory membranous nephropathy. Further studies should explore whether the titer of anti-PLA2R antibody indicates the dose of rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Xie
- Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X M Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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10
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Hu RR, Xie HY, Ye W, Wen YB, Qin Y, Chen LM, Li XM. [Infective endocarditis mimics lupus nephritis as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:110-112. [PMID: 34979781 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210304-00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R R Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y B Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L M Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X M Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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Cheng Q, Pan J, Zhou ZL, Yin F, Xie HY, Chen PP, Li JY, Zheng PQ, Zhou L, Zhang W, Liu J, Lu LM. Caspase-11/4 and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis contributes to podocyte injury in mouse diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:954-963. [PMID: 32968210 PMCID: PMC8149386 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by sterile inflammation with continuous injury and loss of renal inherent parenchyma cells. Podocyte is an essential early injury target in DN. The injury and loss of podocytes are closely associated with proteinuria, the early symptom of renal injury in DN. However, the exact mechanism for podocyte injury and death in DN remains ambiguous. In this study we investigated whether pyroptosis, a newly discovered cell death pathway was involved in DN. Diabetic mice were generated by high-fat diet/STZ injections. We showed that the expression levels of caspase-11 and cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) in podocytes were significantly elevated, accompanied by reduced expression of podocyte makers nephrin and podocin, loss and fusion in podocyte foot processes, increased inflammatory cytokines NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-18, macrophage infiltration, glomerular matrix expansion and increased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). All these changes in diabetic mice were blunted by knockout of caspase-11 or GSDMD. Cultured human and mouse podocytes were treated with high glucose (30 mM), which significantly increased the expression levels of caspase-11 or caspase-4 (the homolog of caspase-11 in human), GSDMD-N, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-18, and decreased the expression of nephrin and podocin. Either caspase-4 or GSDMD knockdown by siRNA significantly blunted these changes. In summary, our results demonstrate that caspase-11/4 and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is activated and involved in podocyte loss under hyperglycemia condition and the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhuan-Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pei-Qing Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Xu D, Chen PP, Zheng PQ, Yin F, Cheng Q, Zhou ZL, Xie HY, Li JY, Ni JY, Wang YZ, Chen SJ, Zhou L, Wang XX, Liu J, Zhang W, Lu LM. KLF4 initiates sustained YAP activation to promote renal fibrosis in mice after ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:436-450. [PMID: 32647339 PMCID: PMC8027004 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute renal injury (AKI) causes a long-term risk for progressing into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and interstitial fibrosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key transcriptional cofactor in Hippo signaling pathway, shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, which is required for the renal tubular epithelial cells repair in the acute phase of AKI. In this study we investigated the role of YAP during ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI to CKD. Mice were subjected to left kidney IR followed by removal of the right kidney on the day before tissue harvests. Mouse shRNA expression adenovirus (Ad-shYAP or Ad-shKLF4) and mouse KLF4 expression adenovirus (Ad-KLF4) were delivered to mice by intrarenal injection on D7 after IR. We showed that the expression and nucleus distribution of YAP were persistently increased until the end of experiment (D21 after IR). The sustained activation of YAP in post-acute phase of AKI was accompanied by renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. Knockdown of YAP significantly attenuated IR-induced renal dysfunction and decreased the expression of fibrogenic factors TGF-β and CTGF in the kidney. We showed that the expression of the transcription factor KLF4, lined on the upstream of YAP, was also persistently increased. Knockdown on KLF4 attenuated YAP increase and nuclear translocation as well as renal functional deterioration and interstitial fibrosis in IR mice, whereas KLF4 overexpression caused opposite effects. KLF4 increased the expression of ITCH, and ITCH facilitated YAP nuclear translocation via degrading LATS1. Furthermore, we demonstrated in primary cultured renal tubular cells that KLF4 bound to the promoter region of YAP and positively regulates YAP expression. In biopsy sample from CKD patients, we also observed increased expression and nuclear distribution of YAP. In conclusion, the activation of YAP in the post-acute phase of AKI is implicated in renal functional deterioration and fibrosis although it exhibits beneficial effect in acute phase. Reprogramming factor KLF4 is responsible for the persistent activation of YAP. Blocking the activation of KLF4-YAP pathway might be a way to prevent the transition of AKI into CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pei-Qing Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhuan-Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yun Ni
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Zhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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Cui JJ, Zhang MM, Luo MY, Gan LY, Yang JY, Xie HY, Kang WJ, Zhao JL. [Veracity of using a visual chart with a testing distance of 2.5 meters for measurement of distance visual acuity in teenagers]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 57:122-125. [PMID: 33541053 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200429-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the results of visual acuity testing for teenagers with visual acuity charts designed at 2.5-meter and 5-meter distances, and to investigate the accuracy of the 2.5-meter visual acuity chart. Methods: It was a self-control study. A total of 227 teenagers (454 eyes) with ametropia who came to the ophthalmic clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2019 to September 2019 were included. There were 123 males and 104 females aged (11.74±3.26) years. The vision examiners were trained in the same testing environment and passed the consistency test. Distance visual acuity of all participants was tested with charts designed at 2.5 meters and 5 meters in a 10-minute interval. According to the age (7-9, 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years old) and visual acuity (1.00-0.52, 0.40-0.30 and 0.22-0.10), the results of two kinds of visual acuity charts were compared. The testing order of the two visual charts was randomly determined. The visual acuity results were converted into logMAR values and compared. Paried t-student test was used to compare the difference between two charts, and Pearson correlation test was used to explore the correlation between the results of two charts. Results: The visual acuity of the right eye was 0.37±0.24 (logMAR) at 2.5 meters and 0.50±0.26 (logMAR) at 5 meters. The distance visual acuity measured with the 2.5-meter visual acuity chart was better (t=16.19, P<0.01). The visual acuity of the left eye was 0.36±0.23 (logMAR) at 2.5 meters and 0.45±0.23 (logMAR) at 5 meters (t=11.71, P<0.01). The differences between two charts were larger among teenagers with lower visual acuity (r=0.387,P<0.01). Conclusion: Under the same test conditions, the distance visual acuity measured with a 2.5-meter chart was significantly better than a 5-meter chart. The visual acuity chart designed at 2.5 meters was not an appropriate tool to measure distance vision in adolescents. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 122-125).
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M M Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M Y Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Y Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Y Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W J Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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14
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Yan BH, Jiang ZW, Zeng JP, Tang JY, Ding H, Xia JL, Qin SR, Jin SC, Lu Y, Zhang N, Wang ZH, Li HY, Sang XY, Wu LN, Tang SY, Li Y, Tao MY, Wang QL, Wang JD, Xie HY, Chen QY, Yang SW, Hu NS, Yang JQ, Bao XX, Zhang Q, Yang XL, Jiang CY, Luo HY, Cai ZH, Yu SG. [Large- scale prospective clinical study on prophylactic intervention of COVID-19 in community population using Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:2993-3000. [PMID: 32726003 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200430.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To scientifically evaluate the intervention effect of Chinese medicine preventive administration(combined use of Huo-xiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) on community population in the case of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), a large cohort, prospective, randomized, and parallel-controlled clinical study was conducted. Total 22 065 subjects were included and randomly divided into 2 groups. The non-intervention group was given health guidance only, while the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention group was given two coordinated TCM in addition to health guidance. The medical instructions were as follows. Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid: oral before meals, 10 mL/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days. Jinhao Jiere Granules: dissolve in boiling water and take after meals, 8 g/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days, followed up for 14 days, respectively. The study found that with the intake of medication, the incidence rate of TCM intervention group was basically maintained at a low and continuous stable level(0.01%-0.02%), while the non-intervention group showed an overall trend of continuous growth(0.02%-0.18%) from 3 to 14 days. No suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case occurred in either group. There were 2 cases of colds in the TCM intervention group and 26 cases in the non-intervention group. The incidence of colds in the TCM intervention group was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in the non-intervention group. In the population of 16-60 years old, the incidence rate of non-intervention and intervention groups were 0.01% and 0.25%, respectively. The difference of colds incidence between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). In the population older than 60 years old, they were 0.04% and 0.21%, respectively. The incidence of colds in the non-intervention group was higher than that in the intervention group, but not reaching statistical difference. The protection rate of TCM for the whole population was 91.8%, especially for the population of age 16-60(95.0%). It was suggested that TCM intervention(combined use of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) could effectively protect community residents against respiratory diseases, such as colds, which was worthy of promotion in the community. In addition, in terms of safety, the incidence of adverse events and adverse reactions in the TCM intervention group was relatively low, which was basically consistent with the drug instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Zhi-Wei Jiang
- Beijing Key Tech Statistical Consulting Co., Ltd. Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jie-Ping Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Hong Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Jie-Lai Xia
- Air Force Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army Xi'an 710032, China
| | | | - Si-Cen Jin
- Taiji Group Co., Ltd. Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Na Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Chengdu Zhongxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Xiao-Ya Sang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Li-Na Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Yan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Meng-Yao Tao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Qiao-Ling Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Jun-Dong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075,China
| | - Qi-Yuan Chen
- Yingmenkou Community Service Center Chengdu 610036, China
| | | | - Nian-Shuang Hu
- Jiangxijie Community Service Center Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Xiao-Xia Bao
- Caoshi Yuhe Community Service Center Chengdu 610014, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Shuangnan Community Service Center Chengdu 610047, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Yulin Community Service Center Chengdu 610044, China
| | | | - Hong-Yan Luo
- Caotang Community Service Center Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Cai
- Xinhua Shaocheng Community Service Center Chengdu 610014, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
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15
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Xie HY, Zhang TM, Hu SY, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Dimerization of MORC2 through its C-terminal coiled-coil domain enhances chromatin dynamics and promotes DNA repair. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:160. [PMID: 31796101 PMCID: PMC6892150 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decondesation of the highly compacted chromatin architecture is essential for efficient DNA repair, but how this is achieved remains largely unknown. Here, we report that microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2), a newly identified ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme, is required for nucleosome destabilization after DNA damage through loosening the histone-DNA interaction. Depletion of MORC2 attenuates phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) focal formation, compromises the recruitment of DNA repair proteins, BRCA1, 53BP1, and Rad51, to sites of DNA damage, and consequently reduces cell survival following treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, we demonstrate that MORC2 can form a homodimer through its C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain, a process that is enhanced in response to CPT-induced DNA damage. Deletion of the C-terminal CC domain in MORC2 disrupts its homodimer formation and impairs its ability to destabilize histone-DNA interaction after DNA damage. Consistently, expression of dimerization-defective MORC2 mutant results in impaired the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to damaged chromatin and decreased cell survival after CPT treatment. Together, these findings uncover a new mechanism for MORC2 in modulating chromatin dynamics and DDR signaling through its c-terminal dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Xie
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tai-Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Hu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Yang F, Xie HY, Yang LF, Zhang L, Zhang FL, Liu HY, Li DQ, Shao ZM. Stabilization of MORC2 by estrogen and antiestrogens through GPER1- PRKACA-CMA pathway contributes to estrogen-induced proliferation and endocrine resistance of breast cancer cells. Autophagy 2019; 16:1061-1076. [PMID: 32401166 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of estrogen signaling through three ESR (estrogen receptor) subtypes, termed ESR1/ERα, ESR2/ERβ, and GPER1 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1), is implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression. Antiestrogens tamoxifen (TAM) and fulvestrant (FUL) are effective for treatment of ESR1-positive breast tumors, but development of resistance represents a major clinical challenge. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these events remain largely unknown. Here, we report that 17β-estradiol (E2), TAM, and FUL stabilize MORC2 (MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2), an emerging oncoprotein in human cancer, in a GPER1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, GPER1 activates PRKACA (protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha), which in turn phosphorylates MORC2 at threonine 582 (T582). Phosphorylated MORC2 decreases its interaction with HSPA8 (heat shock protein family A [Hsp70] member 8) and LAMP2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A), two core components of the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) machinery, thus protecting MORC2 from lysosomal degradation by CMA. Functionally, knockdown of MORC2 attenuates E2-induced cell proliferation and enhances cellular sensitivity to TAM and FUL. Moreover, introduction of wild-type MORC2, but not its phosphorylation-lacking mutant (T582A), in MORC2-depleted cells restores resistance to antiestrogens. Clinically, the phosphorylation levels of MORC2 at T582 are elevated in breast tumors from patients undergoing recurrence after TAM treatment. Together, these findings delineate a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for MORC2 stabilization in response to estrogen and antiestrogens via blocking CMA-mediated lysosomal degradation and uncover a dual role for MORC2 in both estrogen-induced proliferation and resistance to antiestrogen therapies of breast cancer cells. ABBREVIATIONS 4-OHT: 4-hydroxytamoxifen; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; E2: 17β-estradiol; ESR: estrogen receptor; FUL: fulvestrant; GPER1: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1; HSPA8: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MORC2: MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2; PRKACA: protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; TAM: tamoxifen; VCL: vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Feng Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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17
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Zhang FL, Cao JL, Xie HY, Sun R, Yang LF, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Cancer-Associated MORC2-Mutant M276I Regulates an hnRNPM-Mediated CD44 Splicing Switch to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5780-5792. [PMID: 30093560 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with a high propensity for distant metastasis and limited treatment options, yet its molecular underpinnings remain largely unknown. Microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein whose mutations have been causally implicated in several neurologic disorders. Here, we report that a cancer-associated substitution of methionine to isoleucine at residue 276 (M276I) of MORC2 confers gain-of-function properties in the metastatic progression of TNBC. Expression of mutant MORC2 in TNBC cells increased cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis without affecting cell proliferation and primary tumor growth compared with its wild-type counterpart. The M276I mutation enhanced binding of MORC2 to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM), a component of the spliceosome machinery. This interaction promoted an hnRNPM-mediated splicing switch of CD44 from the epithelial isoform (CD44v) to the mesenchymal isoform (CD44s), ultimately driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knockdown of hnRNPM reduced the binding of mutant MORC2 to CD44 pre-mRNA and reversed the mutant MORC2-induced CD44 splicing switch and EMT, consequently impairing the migratory, invasive, and lung metastatic potential of mutant MORC2-expressing cells. Collectively, these findings provide the first functional evidence for the M276I mutation in promoting TNBC progression. They also establish the first mechanistic connection between MORC2 and RNA splicing and highlight the importance of deciphering unique patient-derived mutations for optimizing clinical outcomes of this highly heterogeneous disease.Significance: A gain-of-function effect of a single mutation on MORC2 promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating CD44 splicing. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5780-92. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Ling Cao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Feng Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Sun R, Xie HY, Qian JX, Huang YN, Yang F, Zhang FL, Shao ZM, Li DQ. FBXO22 Possesses Both Protumorigenic and Antimetastatic Roles in Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5274-5286. [PMID: 29945959 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular underpinnings behind malignant progression of breast cancer from a localized lesion to an invasive and ultimately metastatic disease are incompletely understood. Here, we report that F-box only protein 22 (FBXO22) plays a dual role in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. FBXO22 was upregulated in primary breast tumors and promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenicity in vivo Surprisingly, FBXO22 suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness in vitro and metastatic lung colonization in vivo Clinical data showed that expression levels of FBXO22 were associated with favorable clinical outcomes, supporting the notion that metastasis, rather than primary cancer, is the major determinant of the mortality of patients with breast cancer. Mechanistic investigations further revealed that FBXO22 elicits its antimetastatic effects by targeting SNAIL, a master regulator of EMT and breast cancer metastasis, for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in a glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation-dependent manner. Importantly, expression of SNAIL rescued FBXO22-mediated suppression of EMT, cell migration, and invasion. A patient-derived tryptophan-to-arginine mutation at residue 52 (W52R) within the F-box domain impaired FBXO22 binding to the SKP1-Cullin1 complex and blocked FBXO22-mediated SNAIL degradation, thus abrogating the ability of FBXO22 to suppress cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Collectively, these findings uncover an unexpected dual role for FBXO22 in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression and delineate the mechanism of an oncogenic mutation of FBXO22 in breast cancer progression.Significance: These findings highlight the paradoxical roles of FBXO22 in breast cancer, as it promotes breast tumor cell proliferation but prevents EMT and metastasis. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5274-86. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Xian Qian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ni Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zheng YZ, Xue MZ, Shen HJ, Li XG, Ma D, Gong Y, Liu YR, Qiao F, Xie HY, Lian B, Sun WL, Zhao HY, Yao L, Zuo WJ, Li DQ, Wang P, Hu X, Shao ZM. PHF5A Epigenetically Inhibits Apoptosis to Promote Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3190-3206. [PMID: 29700004 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) and its regulation play critical roles in cancer, yet the dysregulation of AS and its molecular bases in breast cancer development have not yet been elucidated. Using an in vivo CRISPR screen targeting RNA-binding proteins, we identified PHD finger protein 5A (PHF5A) as a key splicing factor involved in tumor progression. PHF5A expression was frequently upregulated in breast cancer and correlated with poor survival, and knockdown of PHF5A significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and tumor formation. PHF5A was required for SF3b spliceosome stability and linked the complex to histones, and the PHF5A-SF3b complex modulated AS changes in apoptotic signaling. In addition, expression of a short truncated FAS-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) protein was increased after PHF5A ablation and facilitated Fas-mediated apoptosis. This PHF5A-modulated FASTK-AS axis was widely present in breast cancer specimens, particularly those of the triple-negative subtype. Taken together, our findings reveal that PHF5A serves as an epigenetic suppressor of apoptosis and thus provides a mechanistic basis for breast cancer progression and may be a valuable therapeutic target.Significance: This study provides an epigenetic mechanistic basis for the aggressive biology of breast cancer and identifies a translatable therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3190-206. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Xue
- SARI center for Stem Cell and Nanomedicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jie Shen
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Li Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jia Zuo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Xie HY, Han LS, Huang S, Lei X, Cheng Y, Zhao W, Sun H, Wen X, Xu QL. N-Substituted 3(10H)-Acridones as Visible-Light, Water-Soluble Photocatalysts: Aerobic Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5236-5241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Shuai Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiantao Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Lei X, Xie HY, Xu C, Liu X, Wen X, Sun H, Xu QL. Dearomatization of Indole DerivativesviaPalladium-Catalyzed CH Bond Functionalization of Pyrroles: Convenient Construction of Spiroindolenines. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hou S, Shen PP, Zhao MM, Liu XP, Xie HY, Deng F, Feng JC. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050679. [PMID: 27164087 PMCID: PMC4881505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We observed mitochondrial connexin43 (mtCx43) expression under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, analyzed its regulation, and explored its protective mechanisms. Wistar rats were divided into groups based on injections received before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral infarction volume was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolim chloride staining, and cell apoptosis was observed by transferase dUTP nick end labeling. We used transmission electron microscopy to observe mitochondrial morphology and determined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. MtCx43, p-mtCx43, protein kinase C (PKC), and p-PKC expression were detected by Western blot. Compared with those in the IR group, cerebral infarction volumes in the carbenoxolone (CBX) and diazoxide (DZX) groups were obviously smaller, and the apoptosis indices were down-regulated. Mitochondrial morphology was damaged after I/R, especially in the IR and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD) groups. Similarly, decreased SOD activity and increased MDA were observed after MCAO; CBX, DZX, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) reduced mitochondrial functional injury. Expression of mtCx43 and p-mtCx43 and the p-Cx43/Cx43 ratio were significantly lower in the IR group than in the sham group. These abnormalities were ameliorated by CBX, DZX, and PMA. MtCx43 may protect the neurovascular unit from acute cerebral IR injury via PKC activation induced by mitoKATP channel agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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23
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Wang AS, Xu CW, Xie HY, Yao AJ, Shen YZ, Wan JJ, Zhang HQ, Fu JF, Chen ZM, Zou ZQ, Li D, Zhang XH. DHA induces mitochondria-mediated 3T3-L1 adipocyte apoptosis by down-regulation of Akt and ERK. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous experimental studies have shown some protective effects on brain ischemic injures in vivo and in vitro models. However, cotreatment with carbenoxolone (Cbx) and phosatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY 294002 to a focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat model has not been studied yet. Here we investigate their protective effects on neural cells and examine the function of PI3K/Akt pathway in this protection. METHODS Both flow cytometry and western blot were used quantitatively and qualitatively to determine cell apoptosis. RESULTS The neural cell apoptosis is related with Cx43, and Bcl-2/Bax and caspase 3 pathways. The percentage of apoptosis cells following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice decrease with the treatment of Cbx. Our data demonstrated that treatment with Cbx reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to transient focal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), and this was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathways as well as by blocking the caspase 3 apoptosis pathway. LY294002 blocked the increase in phospho-AKT evoked by Cbx and abolished the associated protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings provide evidence that Cbx protects neurons against ischemia injury and this neuroprotective effect involves the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Abstract
Connexin subunits are proteins that form gap junction channels, and play an important role in communication between adjacent cells. This review article discusses the function of connexins/hemichannels/gap junctions under physiological conditions, and summarizes the findings regarding the role of connexins/hemichannels/gap junctions in the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying central nervous system diseases such as brain ischemia, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, epilepsy, brain and spinal cord tumor, migraine, neuroautoimmune disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease, spastic paraplegia and maxillofacial dysplasia. Connexins are considered to be a potential novel target for protecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Xie
- Departmet of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Departmet of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Departmet of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Lei X, Xie HY, Chen SY, Teng KS, Wen X, Xu QL, Sun H. Approach to N-aryl pyrroles via diphenyl phosphate-catalyzed [1,5]-Hydride shift/isomerization reaction with indoles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang GL, Zhang J, Li SF, Lei L, Xie HY, Deng F, Feng JC, Qi JS. Wnt-5a prevents Aβ-induced deficits in long-term potentiation and spatial memory in rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:95-100. [PMID: 26032671 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the neurotoxicity of amyloid β (Aβ) protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported widely, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment remains largely unclear. Growing evidence indicates that wingless-type (Wnt) signaling plays an important role in neuronal development, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective action of Wnt-5a against the synaptic damage and memory deficit induced by Aβ25-35 by using in vivo electrophysiological recording and Morris water maze (MWM) test. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ25-35 alone did not affect the baseline field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats, but significantly suppressed high frequency stimulation (HFS) induced long-term potentiation (LTP); pretreatment with Wnt-5a prevented the Aβ25-35-induced suppression of hippocampal LTP in a dose-dependent manner; soluble Frizzled-related protein (sFRP), a specific Wnt antagonist, effectively attenuated the protective effects of Wnt-5a. In MWM test, Aβ25-35 alone significantly disrupted spatial learning and memory ability of rats, while pretreatment with Wnt-5a effectively prevented the impairments induced by Aβ25-35. These results in the present study demonstrated for the first time the neuroprotective effects of Wnt-5a against Aβ-induced in vivo synaptic plasticity impairment and memory disorder, suggesting that Wnt signaling pathway is one of the important targets of Aβ neurotoxicity and Wnt-5a might be used as one of the putative candidates for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shao-Feng Li
- Department of Physiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Liu Lei
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Physiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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28
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Xuan N, Guo X, Xie HY, Lou QN, Lu XB, Liu GX, Picimbon JF. Increased expression of CSP and CYP genes in adult silkworm females exposed to avermectins. Insect Sci 2015; 22:203-219. [PMID: 24677614 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed 20 chemosensory protein (CSP) genes of the silkworm Bombyx mori. We found a high number of retrotransposons inserted in introns. We then analyzed expression of the 20 BmorCSP genes across tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Relatively low expression levels of BmorCSPs were found in the gut and fat body tissues. We thus tested the effects of endectocyte insecticide abamectin (B1a and B1b avermectins) on BmorCSP gene expression. Quantitative real-time PCR experiments showed that a single brief exposure to insecticide abamectin increased dramatically CSP expression not only in the antennae but in most tissues, including gut and fat body. Furthermore, our study showed coordinate expression of CSPs and metabolic cytochrome P450 enzymes in a tissue-dependent manner in response to the insecticide. The function of CSPs remains unknown. Based on our results, we suggest a role in detecting xenobiotics that are then detoxified by cytochrome P450 anti-xenobiotic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xuan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement Cultivation, Ecology and Physiology of Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan
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Luo XP, Chen DH, Xie HY, Gao ZY, Fang HL, Huang J. [Immune response of Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph node of mice infected by Schistosoma japonicum]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2012; 30:258-267. [PMID: 23072152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the immune response of Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of C57BL/6 mice infected by Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into infected group and control group each with ten mice. The mice in infected group were infected each with 40 +/- 5 S. japonicum cercariae. Five to six weeks later, MLN lymphocytes were separated and stimulated for 4 h by anti-CD3 (1 microg/ml) and anti-CD28 (1 microg/ml) before examination of IL-17 and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gammat (ROR-gammat) mRNA by reverse transcription PCR. The level of IL-17 and IFN-gamma was detected by ELISA after culturing with supernatant for 72h. MLN lymphocytes were stimulated for 5h by 10 ng/ml phorbol myristoyl acetate (PMA) and 1 microg/ml ionomycin. The intracellular cytokines were stained and the content of Th17 and other cytokines was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The level of IFN-gamma [(214.3 +/- 62.6) pg/ml] and IL-17 [(176.8 +/- 62.1) pg/ml] in the supernatant of cultured MLN cells from the infected mice was significantly higher than that of normal mice [(467 +/- 13.9) and 0 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). The expression level of IL-17 and ROR-gammat mRNA was also considerably higher than that of normal mice. IL-17+ IL-4+, IL-17+ IFN-gamma+, IL-17+ IL-5+ and IL-17+ IL-9 cells accounted for 0.06%, 0.02%, 0.02%, and 0.01% of the mesenteric lymph node CD4+ T cells of the infected mice, respectively. However, IL-17+ IL-10+ and IL-17+ Foxp3+ cells were undetected. CONCLUSION The MLN of S. japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice can induce the production of Th17 cells, and these cells can secrete IL-4, less IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-9, but not IL-10, and can not express Foxp3 in the infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Wang WL, Wu ZH, Sun Q, Wei JF, Chen XF, Zhou DK, Zhou L, Xie HY, Zheng SS. Meta-analysis: the use of carbon dioxide insufflation vs. room air insufflation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:1145-54. [PMID: 22452652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation has been proposed as an alternative to air insufflation to distend the lumen in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. AIM To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which CO(2) insufflation was compared with room air insufflation in GI endoscopy. METHODS Electronic and manual searches were combined to search RCTs. After methodological quality assessment and data extraction, the efficacy and safety of CO(2) insufflation were systematically assessed. RESULTS Twenty-one RCTs [13 on colonoscopy, four on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), two on double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), one on oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, and one on flexible sigmoidoscopy] were identified. For colonoscopy, CO(2) insufflation resulted lower postprocedural pain intensity, and increased the proportion of patient without pain at 1 h (RR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37-2.47) and 6 h (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.14-1.44) postprocedure. For ERCP, the pain-releasing effect of CO(2) insufflation was not obvious (SMD: -1.48, 95% CI: -3.56, 0.59). CO(2) insufflation revealed no consistent advantages in the RCTs of DBE, but was shown as safe as air insufflation in oesophagus/stomach endoscopic submucosal dissection in one study. pCO(2) level showed no significant variation during these procedures. CONCLUSIONS Compared with air insufflation, CO(2) insufflation during colonoscopy causes lower postprocedural pain and bowel distension without significant pCO(2) variation. More RCTs are needed to assess its advantages in other GI endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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Wang H, Zhou H, Wang CX, Li YS, Xie HY, Luo JD, Zhou Y. Paeoniflorin inhibits growth of human colorectal carcinoma HT 29 cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1560-7. [PMID: 22326807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the therapy of human malignancies is the inhibition of cell proliferation and/or induction of apoptosis. In present experiment, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of paeoniflorin (PF), isolated from the paeony root, against colorectal cancer. In vitro, cell growth assay obviously showed the inhibition of tumor cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PF could mainly have the cell cycle arrest at G1, which is associated with DNA damage and activation of p53/14-3-3 zeta (ζ). The pro-apoptotic effect of PF was demonstrated by Annexin V-PI staining, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 by Western immunoblotting. In vivo, the results showed that positive cells of PCNA in PF and docetaxel-treated group was decreased to 30% and 15% compared with control group of tumors, respectively. But apoptosis cells in PF- and docetaxel treated groups studied by TUNEL is increased to 40 ± 1.2% and 30 ± 1.5% compared with 24 ± 2.3% in negative control, respectively. Furthermore, the efficiency of tumor-bearing mice treated by PF was superior to docetaxel in vivo. Overall, PF may be an effective chemopreventive agent against colorectal cancer HT29, and the mechanism could be mediated via an regulation of p53/14-3-3ζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Kong HY, Zhu SM, Wang LQ, He Y, Xie HY, Zheng SS. Sevoflurane protects against acute kidney injury in a small-size liver transplantation model. Am J Nephrol 2010; 32:347-55. [PMID: 20798490 DOI: 10.1159/000319623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients run the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent chronic kidney disease, affecting morbidity and mortality. Sevoflurane has anti-inflammation properties, and renal ischemia/reperfusion under sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in drastic improvements in renal function. Extrahepatic metabolism of sevoflurane has been reported in patients undergoing liver transplantation, and might lead to nephrotoxicity. However, whether sevoflurane anesthesia is safe with regard to renal function in small-size liver transplantation needs further investigation. As neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early predictive biomarker of AKI, we looked at the renal effects of sevoflurane in a rat liver transplantation model using small-for-size grafts to investigate the changes of NGAL level and kidney histology. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups after 50% size liver transplantation. Rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate or with sevoflurane and subjected to liver transplantation. Twelve rats in each group were used for the survival study and 6 rats were used for the hemodynamic study. Six rats in each group were sacrificed 2 or 24 h after reperfusion. We harvested kidneys and serum for further analysis, including histological and functional parameters; TNF-α, IL-6 and NGAL immunoassay; expressions of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; and NF-κB in renal tissues. RESULTS Rats in the sevoflurane group had significantly lower Scr 24 h after reperfusion compared with those in the chloral hydrate group. Rats in the sevoflurane group demonstrated significantly reduced NGAL concentrations compared with rats in the chloral hydrate group 2 h after reperfusion. Epithelial necrosis in the chloral hydrate group (3.2 ± 0.8) was greater than that in the sevoflurane group (1.5 ± 1.1; p < 0.05). Sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in significantly lower plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and reduced MPO concentrations 2 h after reperfusion (p < 0.05). NF-κB protein levels 2 h after reperfusion increased by at least 110% in the chloral hydrate group relative to the sevoflurane group 2 h after reperfusion (p < 0.05). However, the urine inorganic fluoride concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) 2 h after reperfusion in the sevoflurane group (6.1 ± 1.5 μmol·l⁻¹) compared with the chloral hydrate group. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane anesthesia can attenuate renal injury and modulate inflammatory cascades in small-size liver transplantation using rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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Xie HY, Hu XC, Xu J, Yu XB. [Protective immunity of Cs-Rho GTPase recombinant protein against Clonorchis sinensis infection]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2010; 28:176-179. [PMID: 20806498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective immunity induced by recombinant vaccination of Cs-Rho GTPase of Clonorchis sinensis (Cs). METHODS 20 SD-rats(8 weeks) were divided into two groups: A (recombinant protein experiment group) and B (PBS control group). Rats in group A were immunized with 1 ml protein of Cs-Rho GTPase (90 microg/ml) and 1 ml Freund's complete adjuvant through back and vola. 2 week later, the rats were given 1 ml protein of Cs-Rho GTPase (90 microg/ml) and 1 ml Freund's incomplete adjuvant, followed by 1 ml protein of Cs-Rho GTPase (90 microg/ml) through intraperitoneal injection at 4, 7, 11 week after the first immunization. Rats in group B were given PBS in the same way as group A. All rats were challenged each with 50 Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae after the last immunization. 21 d later, fecal samples were collected from all rats for examining eggs (number of eggs per gram feces, EPG) in every 3-5 d. When eggs were found, the rats were sacrificed and worms were collected. IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in sera were detected by ELISA before every immunization. Mean number of worms and eggs, and antibody level in the experiment group were calculated and statistically compared with the controls. RESULTS The mean number of worms and EPG were (9.2 +/- 9.9) and (956.8 +/- 1 062.5) respectively in group A, which were significantly lower than those of group B [(23.25 +/- 15.75) and (3 062.5 +/- 2 501.8) respectively] (P < 0.05). The absorbency values of serum IgG (0.1, 0.45, 0.65, 0.6, 0.65), IgG1 (0.1, 0.45, 1.1, 1.0, 1.1), and IgG2a (0.1, 0.7, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1) before every immunization in group A were significantly higher than those of group B (almost always 0.1) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Recombinant vaccination of Cs-Rho GTPase induces partial protective immunity against Clonorchis sinensis infection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Xie
- Functional Experiment Centre of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Cheng J, Zhou L, Qin YS, Wang Y, Xie HY, Feng XW, Zheng SS. Donor apoptotic lymphocyte transfusion-induced liver allograft tolerance by up-regulation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in peripheral blood. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:3893-7. [PMID: 19917407 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of apoptotic cells by antigen-presenting cells (APC) may be involved in tolerance maintenance with an immunoregulatory role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of preoperative transfusion of donor apoptotic lymphocytes on survival of orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT). OLT was performed between Lewis (donor) and Brown Norway (BN recipient) inbred rats using a double-cuff technique. Apoptotic splenic lymphocytes induced by ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation were infused intravenously at 7 days before OLT. Changes in regulatory T cells in blood were determined using flow cytometry. UVC irradiated lymphocytes were sensitive and effective, as evidenced by increased peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells compared with recipients that received infusion of untreated donor lymphocytes or a control. Apoptotic lymphocyte transfusion prolonged hepatic allograft survival, with significantly lower histological stages of inflammation and cellular infiltration than in untreated allografts. Our results demonstrated that donor apoptotic cells promoted allograft acceptance and up-regulated CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cheng
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Cheng J, Zhou L, Jiang JW, Qin YS, Xie HY, Feng XW, Gao F, Zheng SS. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in rat liver allografts developed acute rejection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 44:43-51. [PMID: 19996597 DOI: 10.1159/000264602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation is a cell-mediated immune response that takes place within the allograft and results in graft dysfunction and failure, but the molecular mechanisms about hepatocyte dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here we characterized global protein expression changes in liver allograft during AR. METHODS The effect of an alloantigen-dependent immunological response was evaluated by syngeneic and allogeneic rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 18 differentially expressed proteins in AR allograft compared with matched tolerance allograft. Serum chemistry and allograft histology were determined. RESULTS Allogeneic OLT recipients exhibited elevated plasma levels of liver injury markers, progressive portal and venous inflammation and cellular infiltration in liver allograft compared with syngeneic OLT. 18 protein expressions altered by AR play important roles in metabolism, oxidative stress defense, signal transduction, biotransformation and transport. Decreased expression of protein disulfide isomerase in AR allograft was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered new mechanistic insights into graft dysfunction in AR of liver allograft. Several significantly altered protein expressions act coordinately in hepatocyte dysfunction by depressed energy, enhanced oxidative stress-induced molecular damage and restrained biotransformation. The present findings may open new avenues for the understanding and prevention of graft dysfunction and failure during AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu LL, Li F, Xie HY, Liu XZ. A novel method for promoting conidial production by a nematophagous fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia AS6.8. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu LM, Zhang F, Xie HY, Xu X, Chen QX, Yin SY, Liu XC, Zhou L, Xu XB, Sun YL, Zheng SS. MMP2 promoter polymorphism (C-1306T) and risk of recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transplantation. Clin Genet 2008; 73:273-8. [PMID: 18177474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene may influence the biological function of these enzymes and change their role in carcinogenesis and progression. The effect of MMP2 C-1306T and MMP9 C-1562T polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility has been investigated in various kinds of cancer. However, the relationship between these polymorphisms and risk of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) has not been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the association of these two loci with the risk of HCC recurrence in 93 HCC patients treated with LT. Genotyping was performed using direct DNA sequencing. For MMP2 C-1306T variant, patients with CT heterozygous conferred a 58% reduction in recurrence risk (risk ratio: 0.419; 95% confidence interval: 0.177-0.994). The mean recurrence-free survival for CT genotype was significantly longer than that for homozygous CC patients (30.4 vs 19.3 months, p = 0.019). However, no association was found between MMP9 C-1562T polymorphisms and recurrence of HCC (p = 0.259). These findings suggest that MMP2 promoter polymorphisms may provide some predictive value for HCC recurrence after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Wang M, Xie HY, Zhou L, Meng XQ, Shi J, Zheng S. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mediating Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Its Therapeutic Applications in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:1332-7. [PMID: 17580134 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury(IRI). ROS include hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide anion (O(-2)), and hydroxyl radical (HO(-)), which may be generated by activated Kupffer cells in the liver, contributing to reperfusion injury. Hepatic IRI is a multistep process that damages liver graft function. To establish a series of therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of liver transplantation, a good understanding of the mechanisms of IRI is essential. However, the detail mechanisms of how ROS lead to hepatocyte damage in IRI remains unclear. The aim of this review was to describe recent developments in the field of oxidative stress research. The first part of this review focused on the key roles and possible mechanisms of ROS in hepatic IRI. The second part of this review summarizes some findings including novel and classic antioxidant methods to ameliorate the hepatocyte damage during IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Key Lab of Zhejiang Province Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, and Dept. of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Abstract
Four new oleanane type saponins, monepalosides G-J (1-4), were isolated from the water-soluble part of the whole plant of Morina nepalensis var. alba Hand-Mazz. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, their structures were determined as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside G, 1), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside H, 2), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside I, 3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (monepaloside J, 4), respectively. Two-dimensional NMR spectra, including H-H COSY, HMQC, 2D HMQC-TOCSY, HMBC and ROESY were utilized in the structure elucidation and complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Teng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Xie HY, Tang Y, Jiang WD, He HY, Liu M, Kuang DR. [Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) secretory expression vector maintained stably in Pro3+ transformants in rich medium]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:369-76. [PMID: 11147357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) secretory expression vector containing PRO3 gene was constructed (pCBy310). beta HCG(Human choriogonadotropin beta subunit)-cDNA was inserted into pCBy310 to form a recombinant plasmid pCBy314. Since yeast proline auxotroph will not survive in rich medium (YPD), YPD could be used as a selection pressure, and pCBy314 could be maintained mitotically stable in transformants of yeast Pro3- auxotroph (MB299-7A) in rich medium. At an improved, yet not optimized cultural condition, the expression of beta HCG in culture medium was 650 micrograms/L. Our results showed not only that YPD could be used as a selection medium, but also that yeast grew better in YPD so as to increase the gene expression product, and that the component of YPD was simple and cheap. Our data suggested that PRO genes might be used widely in constructing vectors to clone and express foreign genes in yeast so that rich medium can be used as a selection pressure for direct selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Horrigan SK, Arbieva ZH, Xie HY, Kravarusic J, Fulton NC, Naik H, Le TT, Westbrook CA. Delineation of a minimal interval and identification of 9 candidates for a tumor suppressor gene in malignant myeloid disorders on 5q31. Blood 2000; 95:2372-7. [PMID: 10733509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletion or loss of chromosome 5 is frequent in malignant myeloid disorders, including myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was used to define a minimal deletion interval for this gene. Polymorphic markers on 5q31 were identified using a high-resolution physical and radiation hybrid breakpoint map and applied to a patient with AML with a subcytogenetic deletion of 5q. By comparing the DNA from leukemic cells to buccal mucosa cells, LOH was detected with markers D5S476 and D5S1372 with retention of flanking markers D5S500 to D5S594. The D5S500-D5S594 interval, which covers approximately 700 kb, thus represents a minimal localization for the tumor suppressor gene. Further refinement of the physical map enabled the specification of 9 transcription units within the encompassing radiation hybrid bins and 7 in flanking bins. The 9 candidates include genes CDC25, HSPA9, EGR1, CTNNA1, and 5 unknown ESTs. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirms that all of them are expressed in normal human bone marrow CD34(+) cells and in AML cell lines and thus represent likely candidates for the MDS-AML tumor suppressor gene at 5q31.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Horrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Cheng XD, Xie HY, Qian RL. [The apoptosis of K562 cells induced by IL-3 and hydroxyurea cooperatively]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2000; 33:13-20. [PMID: 12548847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of IL-3 and hydroxyurea on human erythroleukemia cell line (K562 cells) was demonstrated by using the electro-microscopy and flow cytometry. Our data showed that neither IL-3 nor hydroxyurea could induce the apoptosis of K562 cells alone. However, the IL-3 and hydroxyurea could induce the apoptosis of K562 cells cooperatively. Analysis with flow cytometry showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was about 31.90% after K562 cells were induced by IL-3 and hydroxyurea cooperatively for 5 days, and the sub-G1 peak (apoptotic peak) was detected in the induced K562 cells. Meanwhile, the percentage of S-phase in the IL-3 and hydroxyurea induced K562 cells was increased, and the proliferation of the induced K562 cells was inhibited significantly. Furthermore, the IL-3 and hydroxyurea induced K562 cells showed chromatin condensation with regular crescents at the nuclear edges and apoptotic bodies. It suggested that IL-3 could enhance the sensitivity of K562 cells to hydroxyurea and the apoptosis of K562 cells could be induced by IL-3 and hydroxyurea cooperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
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Qian RL, Liu ZX, Zhou MY, Xie HY, Jiang C, Yan ZJ, Li MQ, Zhang Y, Hu J. Visualization of chromatin folding patterns in chicken erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell Res 1997; 7:143-50. [PMID: 9444393 DOI: 10.1038/cr.1997.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of the higher order structure of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined with tapping-mode scanning force microscopy under conditions close to their native environment. Reproducible high-resolution AFM images of chromatin compaction at several levels can be demonstrated. An extended beads-on-astring (width of approximately 15-20 nm, height of approximately 2-3 nm for each individual nucleosome) can be consistently observed. Furthermore, superbeads (width of approximately 40 nm, height of approximately 7 nm) are demonstrated. Visualization of the solenoid conformation at the level of 30 nm chromatin fiber is attained either by using AFM or by using electron microscopy. In addition, tightly coiled chromatin fibers (approximately 50-60 nm and approximately 90-110 nm) can be revealed. Our data suggest that the chromatin in the interphase nucleus of chicken erythrocyte represents a high-order conformation and AFM provides useful high-resolution structural information concerning the folding pattern of interphase chromatin fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Chen SY, Xie HY, Jiang C, Qian RL. [Transacting factors binding to the positive control region (PCR) in the 5' flanking sequence of human beta-globin gene]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1997; 30:221-3. [PMID: 11039031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Using gel mobility shift assay, three protein factors (Pa, Pb, Pc) binding to the positive control region (PCR) in the 5' flanking sequence of human beta-globin gene were detected in the nuclear extracts from mouse fetal liver at d 18 or d 19 of gestation. Competitive experiment showed that Pb and Pc could bind to GATA-1 motif, therefore could be the members of GATA family. While Pa was a new and developmental stage specific trans-acting factor, we suggested that the factor Pa was related to the activation of beta-globin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Academia Sinica
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Abstract
Hydroxyurea has been used to synchronize cultured cells to S-phase and used to treat patients with sickle-cell anemia. Recently, we found that hydroxyurea can induce the apoptosis of HEL (human erythroleukemia) cells. The induced HEL cells showed ultrastructurally chromatin condensation with regular crescents at the nuclear edges and apoptotic bodies. However, the cells of K562, another human erythroleukemia cell line, did not show such morphological changes. Under fluoroscope, the HEL cells after induction often displayed a clear reduction in nuclear diameter and nuclear chromatin cleavage and condensation and the presence of nuclear ring and apoptotic bodies. Analysis with flow cytometry showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells is about 30-40% after HEL cells were induced by hydroxyurea for 3 days. DNA ladder can be observed by electrophoretic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Gui
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Jiang C, Dai CH, Xie HY, Chen YD, Wu W, Jun ZP, Qian RL. [The effects of hydroxyurea on cell-cycle distribution and the expression of human beta-globin gene in K 562 cells]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1997; 30:109-14. [PMID: 10684115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the hydroxyurea (HU) has been extensively studied, little is known of its molecular mechanism in controlling the expression of human globin gene and in modulating the progression of cell-cycle in K 562 cell. In the present study, the effect of hydroxyurea on proliferative kinetics of K 562 cells was examined by monitoring the number of cells during a period of 8 day's cell culture. Our results showed that there was a dose related decrease in cell growth when K562 cells were incubated with HU. Moreover, cell-cycle analysis demonstrated that HU had profound effect on cell-cycle distribution. In the case of the induced K 562 cells, there was an increased accumulation of cells in S phase and a decreased fraction of cells in G 1 and G 2 + M phase. Furthermore, HU could induce the expression of human beta-globin gene in the induced K 562 cells. Our results indicate that HU has a potential to inhibit the proliferation of K 562 cells and to stimulate the terminal differentiation of this cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Academy Sinica, China
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Anant JS, Ong OC, Xie HY, Clarke S, O'Brien PJ, Fung BK. In vivo differential prenylation of retinal cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase catalytic subunits. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:687-90. [PMID: 1309771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of phototransducing proteins in vertebrate photoreceptors contain a carboxyl terminal -CXXX motif (where C = cysteine and X = any amino acid), known to be a signal sequence for their post-translational prenylation and carboxyl methylation. To study the roles of these modifications in the visual excitation process, we have utilized an intravitreal injection method to radiolabel the prenylated proteins of rat retinas in vivo. We showed that two of the major prenylated polypeptides in the rod outer segments are the PDE alpha and PDE beta subunits of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase PDE alpha and PDE beta subunits of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). By chromatographic analyses of the amino acid constituents generated by exhaustive proteolysis of PDE alpha and PDE beta, we further demonstrated that they are differentially prenylated by farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, respectively. While a number of proteins ending with the -CXXX sequence have already been reported to possess either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl group, PDE is the first enzyme shown to be modified by both types of prenyl groups. The prenyl modification of PDE most likely plays a major role in membrane attachment and in correctly positioning the PDE molecule for phototransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Anant
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Yamane HK, Farnsworth CC, Xie HY, Evans T, Howald WN, Gelb MH, Glomset JA, Clarke S, Fung BK. Membrane-binding domain of the small G protein G25K contains an S-(all-trans-geranylgeranyl)cysteine methyl ester at its carboxyl terminus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:286-90. [PMID: 1898776 PMCID: PMC50795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.1.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that a 23-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) purified from bovine brain membranes is carboxyl methylated and that this modification occurs at or near the membrane-binding domain. In the present study, we identified this small G protein as G25K (formerly termed Gp). We demonstrated that proteolytic digests of 3H-methylated G25K contained radiolabeled material that coeluted with synthetic S-(geranylgeranyl)cysteine methyl ester on reversed-phase HPLC. Further treatment by performic acid oxidation yielded radiolabeled material that coeluted with L-cysteic acid methyl ester, verifying that the isoprenoid moiety and carboxyl methyl ester are localized on a C-terminal cysteine residue. Analysis by gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry of material released from purified G25K by Raney nickel treatment positively identified the covalently bound lipid as an all-trans-geranylgeranyl (C20) isoprenoid moiety. These results suggest that geranylgeranyl modification and perhaps methyl esterification function in the membrane localization of this small G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Yamane
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Yamane HK, Farnsworth CC, Xie HY, Howald W, Fung BK, Clarke S, Gelb MH, Glomset JA. Brain G protein gamma subunits contain an all-trans-geranylgeranylcysteine methyl ester at their carboxyl termini. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:5868-72. [PMID: 2116010 PMCID: PMC54430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.15.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) beta gamma complexes purified from bovine brain membranes are methyl esterified on a C-terminal cysteine residue of the gamma polypeptide. In the present study, 3H-methylated G beta gamma complexes cleaved to their constituent amino acids by exhaustive proteolysis were shown to contain radiolabeled material that coeluted with geranylgeranylcysteine methyl ester on reversed-phase HPLC and two TLC systems. Further treatment by performic acid oxidation yielded radiolabeled material that coeluted with L-cysteic acid methyl ester, verifying that the prenyl modification occurs on a C-terminal cysteine residue. Analysis by gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry of material released from purified G beta gamma by treatment with Raney nickel positively identified the covalently bound lipid as an all-trans-geranylgeranyl (C20) isoprenoid moiety. To delineate the distribution of this modification among gamma subunits, purified G beta gamma complexes were separated into 5-kDa (gamma 5) and 6-kDa (gamma 6) forms of the gamma polypeptide by reversed-phase HPLC. Gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry analyses of Raney nickel-treated purified gamma 5 and gamma 6 subunits showed that both polypeptides were modified by geranylgeranylation. These results demonstrate that at least two forms of brain gamma subunit are posttranslationally modified by geranylgeranylation and carboxyl methylation. These modifications may be important for targeting G beta gamma complexes to membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Yamane
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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Wang DB, Wu RL, Zheng KQ, Yu DW, Tang JY, Qi GR, Chen CQ, Zhu YS, Xie HY, Wang YK, Nie HL, Chen HB, Huang JH, Chen DH, Zhuang JH, Wang GH, Chen S. Synthesis of the 5'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA. Sci Sin B 1983; 26:495-503. [PMID: 6553358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of the 5'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA (tRNAAlay) by ligating three oligonucleotide fragments corresponding to the nucleotide sequences 1-13, 14-22 and 23-35 respectively under the catalysis of T4 RNA ligase (Fig. 1). Because of the high purity of the oligonucleotide fragments and the excellent quality of T4RNA ligase and polynucleotide kinase we prepared, the isolation steps were simplified and the overall yields were much higher. The ligating yield of the docosamer (IV) was 75%, that of the pentatriacontamer (V), 90%, and the isolated yield of the final product was 21% calculated on the basis of the tridecamer (III) used in the first reaction. Under the action of T4 RNA ligase the synthetic 5'-half molecule was joined with the natural 3'-half molecule forming a semi-synthetic tRNAAlay, which possessed the biological activities of both accepting (3H)-alanine and incorporating it into proteins. The correctness of the structure of the synthetic 5'-half molecule was verified by both chemical analysis and biological activity assay.
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