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Zhang Y, Wei R, Li Z, Li X, Zhang K, Ge Y, Kong X, Liu X, Chen G. Melatonin improves maternal sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment, inflammation, and synaptic dysfunction in murine male adult offspring. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3515. [PMID: 38702895 PMCID: PMC11069022 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal sleep deprivation (MSD), which induces inflammation and synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus, has been associated with learning and memory impairment in offspring. Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective function. However, the beneficial effect of Mel on MSD-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanisms are unknown. METHODS In the present study, adult offspring suffered from MSD were injected with Mel (20 mg/kg) once a day during postnatal days 61-88. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein levels of synaptic plasticity associated proteins were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that MSD impaired learning and memory in the offspring mice. MSD increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1creIL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Mel attenuated cognitive impairment and restored markers of inflammation and synaptic plasticity to control levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that Mel could ameliorate learning and memory impairment induced by MSD, and these beneficial effects were related to improvement in inflammation and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ru‐Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zong‐Yin Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xue‐Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Kai‐Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yi‐Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiao‐Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xue‐Chun Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe Second People's Hospital of HefeiHefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Gui‐Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
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Rodríguez-Palma EJ, Huerta de la Cruz S, Islas-Espinoza AM, Castañeda-Corral G, Granados-Soto V, Khanna R. Nociplastic pain mechanisms and toll-like receptors as promising targets for its management. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00571. [PMID: 38595206 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nociplastic pain, characterized by abnormal pain processing without an identifiable organic cause, affects a significant portion of the global population. Unfortunately, current pharmacological treatments for this condition often prove ineffective, prompting the need to explore new potential targets for inducing analgesic effects in patients with nociplastic pain. In this context, toll-like receptors (TLRs), known for their role in the immune response to infections, represent promising opportunities for pharmacological intervention because they play a relevant role in both the development and maintenance of pain. Although TLRs have been extensively studied in neuropathic and inflammatory pain, their specific contributions to nociplastic pain remain less clear, demanding further investigation. This review consolidates current evidence on the connection between TLRs and nociplastic pain, with a specific focus on prevalent conditions like fibromyalgia, stress-induced pain, sleep deprivation-related pain, and irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, we explore the association between nociplastic pain and psychiatric comorbidities, proposing that modulating TLRs can potentially alleviate both pain syndromes and related psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential sex differences in TLR signaling, considering the higher prevalence of nociplastic pain among women. Altogether, this review aims to shed light on nociplastic pain, its underlying mechanisms, and its intriguing relationship with TLR signaling pathways, ultimately framing the potential therapeutic role of TLRs in addressing this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J Rodríguez-Palma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ana M Islas-Espinoza
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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3
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Nguyen VT, Fields CJ, Ashley NT. Temporal dynamics of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum corticosterone following acute sleep fragmentation in male mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288889. [PMID: 38096187 PMCID: PMC10721077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is increasing worldwide, leading to disordered sleep patterns and inflammatory responses in brain and peripheral tissues that predispose individuals to chronic disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the inflammatory response and are normally regulated by glucocorticoids secreted from adrenal glands. However, the temporal dynamics of inflammatory responses and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in relation to acute sleep fragmentation (ASF) are undescribed. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ASF or control conditions (no ASF) over specified intervals (1, 2, 6, or 24 h) and cytokine gene expression (IL-1β, TNF-α) in brain and peripheral tissues as well as serum glucocorticoid and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration were assessed. The HPA axis was rapidly activated, leading to elevated serum corticosterone from 1-24 h of ASF compared with controls. This activation was followed by elevated serum IL-6 concentration from 6-24 h of ASF. The tissue to first exhibit increased pro-inflammatory gene expression from ASF was heart (1 h of ASF). In contrast, pro-inflammatory gene expression was suppressed in hypothalamus from 1 h of ASF, but elevated at 6 h. Because the HPA axis was activated throughout ASF, this suggests that brain, but not peripheral, pro-inflammatory responses were rapidly inhibited by glucocorticoid immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thuan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Cameron J. Fields
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Noah T. Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
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Tan X, Wang L, Smith WK, Sun H, Long L, Mao L, Huang Q, Huang H, Zhong Z. Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea affects the immune system and increases sleep in zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1246761. [PMID: 38035004 PMCID: PMC10687561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1246761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of adequate sleep for good health cannot be overstated. Excessive light exposure at night disrupts sleep, therefore, it is important to find more healthy drinks that can promote sleep under sleep-disturbed conditions. The present study investigated the use of A. sinensis (Lour.) Spreng leaf tea, a natural product, to reduce the adverse effects of nighttime light on sleep. Here, Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea at 1.0 and 1.5 g/L significantly increased sleep time in zebrafish larvae (5-7 dpf) with light-induced sleep disturbance. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in the immune-related genes, such as nfkbiab, tnfrsf1a, nfkbiaa, il1b, traf3, and cd40 in the 1.5 g/L Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea treatment group. In addition, a gene associated with sleep, bhlhe41, showed a significant decrease. Moreover, Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea suppressed the increase in neutrophils of Tg(mpo:GFP) zebrafish under sleep-disturbed conditions, indicating its ability to improve the immune response. Widely targeted metabolic profiling of the Aquilaria sinensis tea using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) revealed flavonoids as the predominant component. Network pharmacological and molecular docking analyses suggested that the flavonoids quercetin and eupatilin in Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea improved the sleep of zebrafish by interacting with il1b and cd40 genes under light exposure at night. Therefore, the results of the study provide evidence supporting the notion that Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea has a positive impact on sleep patterns in zebrafish subjected to disrupted sleep due to nighttime light exposure. This suggests that the utilization of Aquilaria sinensis leaf tea as a potential therapeutic intervention for sleep disturbances induced by light may yield advantageous outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - William Kojo Smith
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayan Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Long
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuwei Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Belali R, Mard SA, Khoshnam SE, Bavarsad K, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Anandamide improves food intake and orexinergic neuronal activity in the chronic sleep deprivation induction model in rats by modulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the lateral hypothalamus. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102336. [PMID: 37290176 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation alters orexinergic neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which is the main regulator of sleep-wake, arousal, appetite, and energy regulation processes. Cannabinoid receptor (CBR) expression in this area is involved in modulating the function of orexin neurons. In this study, we investigated the effects of endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) administration on improving food intake and appetite by modulating the activity of orexin neurons and CB1R expression after chronic sleep deprivation. Adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control + vehicle (Control), chronic sleep deprivation + vehicle (SD), and chronic sleep deprivation +20 mg/kg AEA (SD + A). For SD induction, the rats were kept in a sleep deprivation device for 18 h (7 a.m. to 1 a.m.) daily for 21 days. Weight gain, food intake, the electrical power of orexin neurons, CB1R mRNA expression in hypothalamus, CB1R protein expression in the LH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 levels and antioxidant activity in hypothalamus were measured after SD induction. Our results showed that AEA administration significantly improved food intake (p < 0.01), Electrical activity of orexin neurons (p < 0.05), CB1R expression in the hypothalamus (p < 0.05), and IL-4 levels (p < 0.05). AEA also reduced mRNA expression of OX1R and OX2R (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively), also IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01) and MDA level (p < 0.05) in hypothalamic tissue. As a consequence, AEA modulates orexinergic system function and improves food intake by regulating the expression of the CB1 receptor in the LH in sleep deprived rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafie Belali
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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The Active Role of Pericytes During Neuroinflammation in the Adult Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:525-541. [PMID: 35195811 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microvessels in the central nervous system (CNS) have one of the highest populations of pericytes, indicating their crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Pericytes are heterogeneous cells located around brain microvessels; they present three different morphologies along the CNS vascular tree: ensheathing, mesh, and thin-strand pericytes. At the arteriole-capillary transition ensheathing pericytes are found, while mesh and thin-strand pericytes are located at capillary beds. Brain pericytes are essential for the establishment and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, which restricts the passage of soluble and potentially toxic molecules from the circulatory system to the brain parenchyma. Pericytes play a key role in regulating local inflammation at the CNS. Pericytes can respond differentially, depending on the degree of inflammation, by secreting a set of neurotrophic factors to promote cell survival and regeneration, or by potentiating inflammation through the release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), and the overexpression of cell adhesion molecules. Under inflammatory conditions, pericytes may regulate immune cell trafficking to the CNS and play a role in perpetuating local inflammation. In this review, we describe pericyte responses during acute and chronic neuroinflammation.
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7
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Nguyen VT, Fields CJ, Ashley NT. Inflammation from Sleep Fragmentation Starts in the Periphery Rather than Brain in Male Mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2544592. [PMID: 36824854 PMCID: PMC9949171 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2544592/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is increasing worldwide, leading to disordered sleep patterns and inflammatory responses in brain and peripheral tissues that predispose individuals to chronic disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate the inflammatory response and are normally regulated by glucocorticoids secreted from adrenal glands. However, the temporal dynamics of inflammatory responses and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in relation to acute sleep fragmentation (ASF) are undescribed. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ASF or control conditions (no ASF) over specified intervals (1, 2, 6, and 24 h) and cytokine gene expression (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in brain and peripheral tissues as well as serum glucocorticoid and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration were assessed. The HPA axis was rapidly activated, leading to elevated serum corticosterone from 1-24 h of ASF compared with controls. This activation was followed by elevated serum IL-6 concentration from 6-24 h of ASF. The tissue to first exhibit increased pro-inflammatory gene expression from ASF was heart (1 h of ASF). In contrast, pro-inflammatory gene expression was suppressed in hypothalamus after 1 h of ASF, but elevated after 6 h. Because the HPA axis was activated throughout ASF, this suggests that brain, but not peripheral, pro-inflammatory responses were rapidly inhibited by glucocorticoid immunosuppression.
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8
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Kourbanova K, Alexandre C, Latremoliere A. Effect of sleep loss on pain-New conceptual and mechanistic avenues. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1009902. [PMID: 36605555 PMCID: PMC9807925 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1009902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep disturbances increase pain sensitivity in clinical and preclinical settings, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. This represents a major public health issue because of the growing sleep deficiency epidemic fueled by modern lifestyle. To understand the neural pathways at the intersection between sleep and pain processes, it is critical to determine the precise nature of the sleep disruptions that increase pain and the specific component of the pain response that is targeted. Methods We performed a review of the literature about sleep disturbances and pain sensitivity in humans and rodents by taking into consideration the targeted sleep stage (REMS, non-NREMS, or both), the amount of sleep lost, and the different types of sleep disruptions (partial or total sleep loss, duration, sleep fragmentation or interruptions), and how these differences might affect distinct components of the pain response. Results We find that the effects of sleep disturbances on pain are highly conserved among species. The major driver for pain hypersensitivity appears to be the total amount of sleep lost, while REMS loss by itself does not seem to have a direct effect on pain sensitivity. Sleep loss caused by extended wakefulness preferentially increases pain perception, whereas interrupted and limited sleep strongly dysregulates descending controls such as DNIC, especially in women. Discussion We discuss the possible mechanisms involved, including an increase in inflammatory processes, a loss of nociceptive inhibitory pathways, and a defect in the cognitive processing of noxious input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kourbanova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chloe Alexandre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Chloe Alexandre
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Alban Latremoliere
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Ragnoli B, Pochetti P, Pignatti P, Barbieri M, Mondini L, Ruggero L, Trotta L, Montuschi P, Malerba M. Sleep Deprivation, Immune Suppression and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:904. [PMID: 35055726 PMCID: PMC8775678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep health and its adaptation to individual and environmental factors are crucial to promote physical and mental well-being across animal species. In recent years, increasing evidence has been reported regarding the relationship between sleep and the immune system and how sleep disturbances may perturb the delicate balance with severe repercussions on health outcomes. For instance, experimental sleep deprivation studies in vivo have reported several major detrimental effects on immune health, including induced failure of host defense in rats and increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and immune suppression in humans. In addition, two novel risk factors for dysregulated metabolic physiology have recently been identified: sleep disruption and circadian misalignment. In light of these recent findings about the interplay between sleep and the immune system, in this review, we focus on the relationship between sleep deprivation and immunity against viruses, with a special interest in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ragnoli
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Patrizia Pochetti
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Barbieri
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Lucrezia Mondini
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Luca Ruggero
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Liliana Trotta
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Hearth and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Airways Disease Section, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Mario Malerba
- Respiratory Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (B.R.); (P.P.); (M.B.); (L.M.); (L.R.); (L.T.)
- Department of Traslational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Li A, Zhang X, Guo Y, Wang J, Hao Y, Gu Y, Jie Y. The Association Between Dry Eye and Sleep Disorders: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:2203-2212. [PMID: 36545475 PMCID: PMC9762265 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s378751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is a disease that severely affects patients' quality of life, increasing the global burden on public health and finance. There is growing evidence that a poor lifestyle is a significant risk factor for dry eye. Along with the development of society, sleep, as a way of life, is also constantly changing. The main manifestations of sleep disorders are reduced sleep time, circadian rhythm disturbances, and sleep breathing disturbances. Sleep disorders and their secondary systemic diseases have attracted wide attention in recent years. This review mainly explored the correlation between sleep disorders and dry eye, and found that sleep-related problems and other factors potentially leading from sleep disorders could be critical factors for dry eye. These results suggest that ophthalmologists should pay attention to the sleep health problems in patients with dry eye, and we hope that this paper can provide help for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Hao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E. Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1304. [PMID: 34795404 PMCID: PMC8602722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Haji Molla Rabi S, Shahmirzaei S, Sahraian MA, Kazemi Mozdabadi RS, Rezaei Aliabadi H, Gheini MR, Majidi F, Naser Moghadasi A. Sleep disorders as a possible predisposing attack factor in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): A case-control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 204:106606. [PMID: 33823399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and have a great impact on patients' quality of life. According to a report, there is a 64% prevalence of poor sleep quality in NMOSD patients. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the effect of sleep disturbances on NMOSD acute exacerbations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted at Sina Hospital in 2019. A total of 60 patients with NMOSD diagnosis were enrolled in the study (30 patients were in the remission phase while 30 patients were hospitalized due to acute attacks). Sleep disorders were evaluated in both groups. Sleep quality was assessed during the last month using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. RESULTS Among 60 patients who were evaluated in both the control and attack groups, 86.7% were female. The duration of the disease was 68.23 ± 42.89 months in the control group and 69.83 ± 6.90 in the attack group. The mean age of patients was 34.15 years old. Sleep quality was unfavorable in 30% and 56% of patients in control and attack groups, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups in sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that there was a significant difference in sleep quality between controls and attack patients and could show a direct relationship between sleep disorders and NMOSD attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaghayegh Shahmirzaei
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Gheini
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazeleh Majidi
- Research Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Proudfoot KL, Kull JA, Krawczel PD, Bewley JM, O'Hara BF, Donohue KD, Pighetti GM. Effects of acute lying and sleep deprivation on metabolic and inflammatory responses of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4764-4774. [PMID: 33663819 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows that are restricted from lying down have a reduced ability to sleep. In other species, sleep loss is a key risk factor for disease, mediated by changes in metabolic and inflammatory responses. The cumulative effect of lying and sleep deprivation on cow health is unknown. The objective was to determine the effects of lying and sleep deprivation on metabolic and inflammatory responses of dairy cows. Data were collected from 8 multiparous and 4 primiparous lactating cows (199 ± 44 d in milk, 77 ± 30 d pregnant; mean ± standard deviation) enrolled in a study using a crossover design. Each cow was exposed to 2 treatments meant to induce sleep loss: (1) human disturbance (imposed by researchers making noise or physical contact when the cow's posture suggested sleep) and (2) lying deprivation (imposed by a wooden grid placed on the pen floor). Cows experienced a 24-h baseline period (d -1) followed by a 24-h treatment period (d 0), with a 12-d washout period between treatments. Baseline and treatment periods were imposed from 2100 to 2059 h. Cows were housed in individual pens during the acclimation period (d -3 and -2), d -1, and d 0. Nonesterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were measured at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2059 h on d -1 and 0. Proinflammatory cytokine mRNA [tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1B (IL1B), and interleukin-6 (IL6)] abundance in whole-blood leukocytes, both nonstimulated and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, were assessed at 2059 h on d -1 (end of baseline) and d 0 (end of treatment). Nonesterified fatty acids and glucose varied by time of day but were not affected by treatment or day. The abundances of TNF and IL1B from both stimulated and nonstimulated cells were higher following 24 h of lying deprivation (d 0) compared with baseline (d -1). Abundance of IL6 was increased in nonstimulated cells after lying deprivation compared with baseline. In contrast, human disturbance for 24 h did not alter TNF, IL1B, or IL6 abundance relative to baseline levels. These results suggest that a short period of lying deprivation generally increases inflammatory responses but not metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Proudfoot
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1B1L2.
| | | | - P D Krawczel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland FI-00014
| | - J M Bewley
- Holstein Association USA Inc., Brattleboro, VT, 05301
| | - B F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506
| | - K D Donohue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506
| | - G M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996.
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Zefferino R, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01960. [PMID: 33295155 PMCID: PMC7882157 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response is different in various individuals, however, the mechanisms that could explain these distinct effects are not well known and the molecular correlates have been considered one at the time. Particular harmful conditions occur if the subject, instead to cope the stressful events, succumb to them, in this case, a cascade reaction happens that through different signaling causes a specific reaction named "sickness behaviour." The aim of this article is to review the complex relations among important molecules belonging to Central nervous system (CNS), immune system (IS), and endocrine system (ES) during the chronic stress response. METHODS After having verified the state of art concerning the function of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), interleukin (IL)-1β and melatonin, we describe as they work together. RESULTS We propose a speculative hypothesis concerning the complex interplay of these signaling molecules during chronic stress, highlighting the role of IL-1β as main biomarker of this effects, indeed, during chronic stress its increment transforms this inflammatory signal into a nervous signal (NE), in turn, this uses the ES (melatonin and cortisol) to counterbalance again IL-1β. During cortisol resistance, a vicious loop occurs that increments all mediators, unbalancing IS, ES, and CNS networks. This IL-1β increase would occur above all when the individual succumbs to stressful events, showing the Sickness Behaviour Symptoms. IL-1β might, through melatonin and vice versa, determine sleep disorders too. CONCLUSION The molecular links here outlined could explain how stress plays a role in etiopathogenesis of several diseases through this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Liu Y, Li H, Li G, Kang Y, Shi J, Kong T, Yang X, Xu J, Li C, Su KP, Wang F. Active smoking, sleep quality and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:623-627. [PMID: 32717405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cigarette smoking has been shown to be associated with sleep disorders and the related neuropathogenesis including neuroinflammation. Previous studies showed that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are physiologically important in maintaining circadian function. In addition, sleep deprivation leads to immune dysregulations. However, no study has been published yet by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neuroinflammation to investigate the relationship between active cigarette smoking and sleep disorders. METHODS CSF tissues from subjects of 191 male subjects (non-smokers n = 104; active smokers n = 87) receiving local anesthesia before surgery for anterior cruciate ligament injuries were obtained after the assessment of clinical information and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL1β), IL2, IL4, IL6 and IL10 were measured using radioimmunoassay and ELISA. RESULTS PSQI scores were significantly higher in active smokers than that in non-smokers (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.63). Significantly higher levels of CSF TNFα were found in active smokers compared to non-smokers (28 ± 1.97 vs. 22.97 ± 2.48, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 2.23). There was a positive correlation between CSF IL1β levels and PSQI scores in non-smokers (r = 0.31, p = 0.01, adjustment R-Squared = 0.11). DISCUSSION This is the first study to reveal the association between higher CSF TNFα levels and poorer sleep quality in active smoking. In addition, CSF IL1β levels might be a potential biomarker in central nervous system for circadian dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Guohua Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Cunbao Li
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China.
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Mishra I, Pullum KB, Thayer DC, Plummer ER, Conkright BW, Morris AJ, O'Hara BF, Demas GE, Ashley NT. Chemical sympathectomy reduces peripheral inflammatory responses to acute and chronic sleep fragmentation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R781-R789. [PMID: 32130024 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00358.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss contributes to the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disorders by promoting a systemic proinflammatory phenotype. The neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms contributing to such pathologies are poorly understood. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates immunity and is often activated following sleep disturbances. The aims of this study were to determine 1) the effect of SNS inhibition on inflammatory responses to sleep fragmentation (SF) and 2) whether homeostasis can be restored after 1 wk of recovery sleep. We measured stress responses (norepinephrine and corticosterone), gene expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral (heart, liver, and spleen) tissues, and protein levels of cytokines and chemokines in serum of female mice that were subjected to acute SF for 24 h, chronic SF for 8 wk, or 7 days of recovery after chronic SF. In each experiment, SF and control mice were chemically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or injected with vehicle. Both acute and chronic SF elevated mRNA and protein levels of cytokines in peripheral tissues. Changes in inflammatory responses mirrored stress-axes activation, with increased corticosterone and norepinephrine in SF mice. 6-OHDA treatment significantly alleviated SF-induced inflammation, thus providing evidence of SNS regulation of peripheral inflammation from SF. Effects of chronic SF were more severe than acute SF, and 1 wk of recovery from SF sufficiently alleviated peripheral inflammatory responses but not NE responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Keelee B Pullum
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Domnique C Thayer
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Erica R Plummer
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | | | - Andrew J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Bruce F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
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Tsao CH, Huang JY, Huang HH, Hung YM, Wei JCC, Hung YT. Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated With Risk of New-Onset Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:285. [PMID: 31867336 PMCID: PMC6908486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Investigating the risk of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients based on administrative healthcare databases. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with 1997–2013 claim records. The AS cohort included 2,210 patients who were newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Randomly selected non-AS controls were matched at a 1:4 ratio. The endpoint was set as OSA occurrence or the end of 2013. Cumulative incidences, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, and co-medication. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Due to the violation of the proportionality assumption, landmark analysis was conducted to explore the risk of OSA during specific follow-up periods. Results: The adjusted HR (aHR) of OSA in the AS group was 2.826 (95% C.I. = 1.727–4.625) compared to the control group. On landmark analysis, aHR was 7.919 (95% C.I. = 3.169–19.792) for the AS group 0–24 months from the index date and decreased to 1.816 (95% C.I. = 0.944–3.494) at ≥ 24 months from the index date. The increased risks of OSA in the AS group compared to the control group were found for both males and females (aHRs were 4.533 and 2.672). On age-stratified analysis, a significant risk only for the 40–59 age group with aHR of 3.913 (95% C.I. = 1.890–8.102). Conclusions: A higher risk of developing OSA was found among newly diagnosed AS cohort during the maximum 11-year follow-up period, especially within 2 years after newly diagnosed AS and in the 40–59 age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Tsao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tsan Hung
- Department of Otolaryngology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M. The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1325-1380. [PMID: 30920354 PMCID: PMC6689741 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked. Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects the innate and adaptive arm of our body's defense system. Stimulation of the immune system by microbial challenges triggers an inflammatory response, which, depending on its magnitude and time course, can induce an increase in sleep duration and intensity, but also a disruption of sleep. Enhancement of sleep during an infection is assumed to feedback to the immune system to promote host defense. Indeed, sleep affects various immune parameters, is associated with a reduced infection risk, and can improve infection outcome and vaccination responses. The induction of a hormonal constellation that supports immune functions is one likely mechanism underlying the immune-supporting effects of sleep. In the absence of an infectious challenge, sleep appears to promote inflammatory homeostasis through effects on several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. This notion is supported by findings that prolonged sleep deficiency (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep disturbance) can lead to chronic, systemic low-grade inflammation and is associated with various diseases that have an inflammatory component, like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Here, we review available data on this regulatory sleep-immune crosstalk, point out methodological challenges, and suggest questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Monika Haack
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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Hinojosa-Godinez A, Jave-Suarez LF, Flores-Soto M, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Luquín S, Oregon-Romero E, González-Pérez O, González-Castañeda RE. Melatonin modifies SOX2 + cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and modulates SIRT1 and MECP2 in long-term sleep deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1787-1795. [PMID: 31169197 PMCID: PMC6585545 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that, after a short-term sleep deprivation, promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. However, this effect has not been observed in long-term sleep deprivation. The precise mechanism exerted by melatonin on the modulation of neural stem cells is not entirely elucidated, but evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators may be involved in this process. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment during a 96-hour sleep deprivation and analyzed the expression of epigenetic modulators predicted by computational text mining and keyword clusterization. Our results showed that the administration of melatonin under sleep-deprived conditions increased the MECP2 expression and reduced the SIRT1 expression in the dentate gyrus. We observed that let-7b, mir-132, and mir-124 were highly expressed in the dentate gyrus after melatonin administration, but they were not modified by sleep deprivation. In addition, we found more Sox2+/5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ cells in the subgranular zone of the sleep-deprived group treated with melatonin than in the untreated group. These findings may support the notion that melatonin modifies the expression of epigenetic mediators that, in turn, regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus under long-term sleep-deprived conditions. All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico (approval No. CI-16610) on January 2, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hinojosa-Godinez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mario Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alma Y Gálvez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sonia Luquín
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Oscar González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Rocio E González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias; Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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20
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Krueger JM, Nguyen JT, Dykstra-Aiello CJ, Taishi P. Local sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 43:14-21. [PMID: 30502497 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The historic sleep regulatory paradigm invokes "top-down" imposition of sleep on the brain by sleep regulatory circuits. While remaining conceptually useful, many sleep phenomena are difficult to explain using that paradigm, including, unilateral sleep, sleep-walking, and poor performance after sleep deprivation. Further, all animals sleep after non-lethal brain lesions, regardless of whether the lesion includes sleep regulatory circuits, suggesting that sleep is a fundamental property of small viable neuronal/glial networks. That small areas of the brain can exhibit non-rapid eye movement sleep-like states is summarized. Further, sleep-like states in neuronal/glial cultures are described. The local sleep states, whether in vivo or in vitro, share electrophysiological properties and molecular regulatory components with whole animal sleep and exhibit sleep homeostasis. The molecular regulatory components of sleep are also involved in plasticity and inflammation. Like sleep, these processes, are initiated by local cell-activity dependent events, yet have at higher levels of tissue organization whole body functions. While there are large literatures dealing with local initiation and regulation of plasticity and inflammation, the literature surrounding local sleep is in its infancy and clinical applications of the local sleep concept are absent. Regardless, the local use-dependent sleep paradigm can advise and advance future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph T Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl J Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
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Hirotsu C, Pedroni MN, Berro LF, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Nicotine and sleep deprivation: impact on pain sensitivity and immune modulation in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13837. [PMID: 30218019 PMCID: PMC6138689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated nicotine administration has been associated with increased paradoxical sleep in rats and antinociceptive properties, whereas paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) elicits pronociceptive and inflammatory responses. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated nicotine administration and its withdrawal combined with PSD on pain sensitivity and inflammatory markers. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were subjected to repeated injections of saline (SAL) or nicotine (NIC) for 12 days or 7 days of nicotine followed by acute mecamylamine administration on day 8 to precipitate nicotine abstinence (ABST). On day 9, the animals were submitted to PSD for 72 h or remained in control condition (CTRL); on day 12, thermal pain threshold was assessed by the hot plate test. PSD significantly decreased the latency to paw withdrawal in all groups compared to their respective controls. ABST-PSD animals presented higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared to all groups, except ABST-CTRL. After adjustment for weight loss, IL-6, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, ABST-PSD was associated with the lowest pain threshold. Nicotine and IL-4 levels were predictors of higher pain threshold. Hyperalgesia induced by PSD prevailed over the antinociceptive action of nicotine, while the association between PSD and ABST synergistically increased IL-6 concentrations and decreased pain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Hirotsu
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Fernanda Berro
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Impact of stress on aged immune system compartments: Overview from fundamental to clinical data. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hurtado-Alvarado G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Contis-Montes de Oca A, Domínguez-Salazar E, Salinas-Jazmín N, Pérez-Tapia SM, Pavon L, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Gómez-González B. The yin/yang of inflammatory status: Blood-brain barrier regulation during sleep. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:154-166. [PMID: 29154957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss induces a low-grade inflammatory status characterized by a subtle but sustained increase of pro-inflammatory mediators, which are key regulators of blood-brain barrier function. To investigate the influence of inflammatory status on blood-brain barrier dysfunction induced by sleep restriction we performed an experiment using two strains of mice with different immunological backgrounds, C57BL/6 mice that have a predominant pro-inflammatory response and BALB/c mice that have a predominant anti-inflammatory response. Mice were sleep-restricted during 10 days using the flowerpot technique during 20 h per day with 4 h of daily sleep opportunity. The systemic inflammatory status, blood-brain barrier permeability, and the hippocampal expression of neuroinflammatory markers were characterized at the 10th day. Serum levels of TNF and IFN-γ increased in sleep-restricted C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice; no changes in other cytokines were found. Sleep restriction increased blood-brain barrier permeability in C57BL/6 strain but not in BALB/c. The hippocampus of sleep-restricted C57BL/6 mice exhibited an increase in the expression of the neuroinflammatory markers Iba-1, A2A adenosine receptor, and MMP-9; meanwhile in sleep-restricted BALB/c mice the expression of this markers was lesser than the control group. These data suggest that cytokines may be playing a key role in modulating blood-brain barrier function during sleep restriction, and probably the effects are related to Iba-1, MMP-9 and A2A adenosine receptor overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hurtado-Alvarado
- Area of Neurosciences, Dept. Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Becerril-Villanueva
- Dept. Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - E Domínguez-Salazar
- Area of Neurosciences, Dept. Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N Salinas-Jazmín
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S M Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Dept. Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Pavon
- Dept. Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Dept. Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Gómez-González
- Area of Neurosciences, Dept. Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Chen JC, Koo M, Hwang JH. Tinnitus Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Benign Brain Tumors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Secondary Cohort Study of Young and Middle-Aged Adults. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:174-178. [PMID: 29190632 DOI: 10.1159/000481991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign or malignant brain tumors in humans. Therefore, the aim of this secondary study was to investigate the risk of brain tumors in adult with tinnitus using data from a nationwide health claims research database. METHODS Patients aged 20-50 years who were newly diagnosed with tinnitus were identified from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and they served as the study cohort. A comparison cohort was formed by using patients without tinnitus from the same database with frequency matching (4: 1) by 10-year age interval and gender to the patients in the tinnitus cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for benign and malignant brain tumors in patients with tinnitus, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. RESULTS There were 15,819 patients in the tinnitus cohort and 63,276 in the comparison cohort. A significantly higher proportion of patients with tinnitus had benign brain tumor (p = 0.003) and all 11 comorbid conditions (p < 0.001) compared to those without tinnitus. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis performed on the basis of age, gender, and the 11 comorbidities revealed that tinnitus was independently associated with a higher risk for benign brain tumor (AHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.20, p = 0.001) and but not with malignant brain tumors (AHR 1.66, 95% CI 0.93-2.94, p = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this secondary cohort analysis indicated that tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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25
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Sahraian MA, Rezaali S, Hosseiny M, Doosti R, Tajik A, Naser Moghadasi A. Sleep Disorder as a Triggering Factor for Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis. Eur Neurol 2017; 77:258-261. [PMID: 28359058 DOI: 10.1159/000470904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine the effect of sleep disturbances on predisposing multiple sclerosis (MS) patients for acute relapse. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 80 MS patients including 40 patients in the remission phase and 40 in the relapse phase. Patients were asked to fill in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to determine their sleep quality during the previous month. Individuals with scores of 5 or less were considered having normal sleep quality. RESULTS Mean ± SD ages were 32.5 ± 7.7 and 30.2 ± 7.2 years among patients with and without acute relapses, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean disease duration and disease severity (according to Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were comparable across the groups (p > 0.05). Among those with and without acute exacerbations, 87.5 and 50% had poor sleep quality, respectively (p = 0.0001), with OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.25-2.43). The age, gender, EDSS, and disease duration did not associate with sleep quality in either groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that sleep disturbance might be a trigger for an acute MS exacerbation. Increasing the awareness of specialists and routine screening of sleep disorders in MS patients are warranted, as treatment of these disorders might decrease the likelihood of acute relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Ciavarra RP, Lundberg P, Machida M, Ambrozewicz MA, Wellman LL, Breving K, Steel C, Sanford LD. Early gene activation initiates neuroinflammation prior to VSV neuroinvasion: Impact on antiviral responses and sleep. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 303:31-42. [PMID: 28041664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is rapidly and persistently suppressed during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) encephalitis in C57Bl/6J (B6) mice. REM sleep suppression was associated with a complex global brain chemokine/cytokine response with bimodal kinetics although regionally distinct cytokine profiles were readily identified. Cytokine mRNA was translated either immediately or suppressed until the pathogen was cleared from the CNS. Innate signaling pathway (TLRs, RIG-I) activation occurred rapidly and sequentially prior to VSV neuroinvasion suggesting that antiviral states are quickly established in the CNS in advance of viral pathogen penetration. Il1β suppressed REM sleep mimicking aspects of VSV-induced sleep alterations whereas some robustly induced chemokines may be protective of REM. Thus, multiple brain chemokines may mediate sleep across VSV encephalitis via differential somnogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Ciavarra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
| | - Patric Lundberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Mayumi Machida
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Marta A Ambrozewicz
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Laurie L Wellman
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Kimberly Breving
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Christina Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States
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Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Induced by Chronic Sleep Loss: Low-Grade Inflammation May Be the Link. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4576012. [PMID: 27738642 PMCID: PMC5050358 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4576012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital phenomenon related to immunomodulation at the central and peripheral level. Sleep deficient in duration and/or quality is a common problem in the modern society and is considered a risk factor to develop neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep loss in rodents induces blood-brain barrier disruption and the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Several reports indicate that sleep loss induces a systemic low-grade inflammation characterized by the release of several molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins; all of them may promote changes in cellular components of the blood-brain barrier, particularly on brain endothelial cells. In the present review we discuss the role of inflammatory mediators that increase during sleep loss and their association with general disturbances in peripheral endothelium and epithelium and how those inflammatory mediators may alter the blood-brain barrier. Finally, this manuscript proposes a hypothetical mechanism by which sleep loss may induce blood-brain barrier disruption, emphasizing the regulatory effect of inflammatory molecules on tight junction proteins.
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Chanana P, Kumar A. GABA-BZD Receptor Modulating Mechanism of Panax quinquefolius against 72-h Sleep Deprivation Induced Anxiety like Behavior: Possible Roles of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:84. [PMID: 27013946 PMCID: PMC4779932 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale:Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng) is known for its therapeutic potential against various neurological disorders, but its plausible mechanism of action still remains undeciphered. GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) plays an important role in sleep wake cycle homeostasis. Thus, there exists rationale in exploring the GABA-ergic potential of Panax quinquefolius as neuroprotective strategy in sleep deprivation induced secondary neurological problems. Objective: The present study was designed to explore the possible GABA-ergic mechanism in the neuro-protective effect of Panax quinquefolius against 72-h sleep deprivation induced anxiety like behavior, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, HPA-axis activation and neuroinflammation. Materials and Methods: Male laca mice were sleep deprived for 72-h by using Grid suspended over water method. Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered alone and in combination with GABA modulators (GABA Cl− channel inhibitor, GABA-benzodiazepine receptor inhibitor and GABAA agonist) for 8 days, starting 5 days prior to 72-h sleep deprivation period. Various behavioral (locomotor activity, mirror chamber test), biochemical (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitrite levels), mitochondrial complexes, neuroinflammation marker (Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF-alpha), serum corticosterone, and histopathological sections of brains were assessed. Results: Seventy two hours sleep deprivation significantly impaired locomotor activity, caused anxiety-like behavior, conditions of oxidative stress, alterations in mitochondrial enzyme complex activities, raised serum corticosterone levels, brain TNFα levels and led to neuroinflammation like signs in discrete brain areas as compared to naive group. Panax quinquefolius (100 and 200 mg/kg) treatment restored the behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial, molecular and histopathological alterations. Pre-treatment of GABA Cl− channel inhibitor as well as GABA-benzodiazepine receptor inhibitor, significantly reversed the protective effect of P. quinquefolius (100 mg/kg) in 72-h sleep deprived animals (P < 0.05). However, pretreatment with GABAA agonist, potentiated Panax quinquefolius's protective effect which was significant as compared to their effect per se (p < 0.05). Conclusion: GABA-ergic mechanism could be involved in the neuroprotective effect of P.quinquefolius against sleep deprivation induced anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, HPA axis activation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chanana
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
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29
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Chennaoui M, Gomez-Merino D, Drogou C, Geoffroy H, Dispersyn G, Langrume C, Ciret S, Gallopin T, Sauvet F. Effects of exercise on brain and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers induced by total sleep deprivation in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:56. [PMID: 26425116 PMCID: PMC4588685 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical exercise induces neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and total sleep deprivation is reported an inflammatory process. We examined whether 7 weeks of exercise training attenuates markers of inflammation during total sleep deprivation (24-h wakefulness) in the rat brain and periphery. Methods Four groups of 10 rats were investigated: Sedentary control, Sedentary sleep-deprived, Exercised control, and Exercised sleep-deprived. Sleep deprivation and exercise training were induced using slowly rotating wheels and a motorized treadmill. We examined mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) cytokine-related genes using real-time PCR, and protein levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as circulating concentrations. Results Compared to Sedentary control rats, hippocampal and cortical IL-1β mRNA expressions in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats were up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). At the protein level, hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α and cortical IL-6 contents were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Peripherally, TNF-α, IL-6 and norepinephrine concentrations were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). Exercise training reduced the sleep deprivation-induced hippocampal IL-1β increases (mRNA expression and protein content) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and TNF-α content (p < 0.001). At the periphery, exercise reduced sleep deprivation-induced increase of IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) without effect on TNF-α and norepinephrine. Conclusions We demonstrate that a 7-week exercise training program before acute total sleep deprivation prevents pro-inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus, particularly the IL-1β cytokine at the gene expression level and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chennaoui
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France ; Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), B.P.73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
| | - D Gomez-Merino
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Drogou
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - H Geoffroy
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Dispersyn
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Langrume
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - S Ciret
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - T Gallopin
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F Sauvet
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
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Zhao Q, Xie X, Fan Y, Zhang J, Jiang W, Wu X, Yan S, Chen Y, Peng C, You Z. Phenotypic dysregulation of microglial activation in young offspring rats with maternal sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9513. [PMID: 25830666 PMCID: PMC5381687 DOI: 10.1038/srep09513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential adverse effects of maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) on physiological and behavioral aspects of offspring, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study was intended to investigate the roles of microglia on neurodevelopment and cognition in young offspring rats with prenatal sleep deprivation. Pregnant Wistar rats received 72 h sleep deprivation in the last trimester of gestation, and their prepuberty male offspring were given the intraperitoneal injection with or without minocycline. The results showed the number of Iba1+ microglia increased, that of hippocampal neurogenesis decreased, and the hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory were impaired in MSD offspring. The classical microglial activation markers (M1 phenotype) IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CD68 and iNOS were increased, while the alternative microglial activation markers (M2 phenotype) Arg1, Ym1, IL-4, IL-10 and CD206 were reduced in hippocampus of MSD offspring. After minocycline administration, the MSD offspring showed improvement in MWM behaviors and increase in BrdU+/DCX+ cells. Minocycline reduced Iba1+ cells, suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, and reversed the reduction of M2 microglial markers in the MSD prepuberty offspring. These results indicate that dysregulation in microglial pro- and anti-inflammatory activation is involved in MSD-induced inhibition of neurogenesis and impairment of spatial learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 6111376, China
| | - Yonghua Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yubo Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 6111376, China
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Everson CA, Henchen CJ, Szabo A, Hogg N. Cell injury and repair resulting from sleep loss and sleep recovery in laboratory rats. Sleep 2014; 37:1929-40. [PMID: 25325492 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Increased cell injury would provide the type of change in constitution that would underlie sleep disruption as a risk factor for multiple diseases. The current study was undertaken to investigate cell injury and altered cell fate as consequences of sleep deprivation, which were predicted from systemic clues. DESIGN Partial (35% sleep reduction) and total sleep deprivation were produced in rats for 10 days, which was tolerated and without overtly deteriorated health. Recovery rats were similarly sleep deprived for 10 days, then allowed undisturbed sleep for 2 days. The plasma, liver, lung, intestine, heart, and spleen were analyzed and compared to control values for damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids; apoptotic cell signaling and death; cell proliferation; and concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Oxidative DNA damage in totally sleep deprived rats was 139% of control values, with organ-specific effects in the liver (247%), lung (166%), and small intestine (145%). Overall and organ-specific DNA damage was also increased in partially sleep deprived rats. In the intestinal epithelium, total sleep deprivation resulted in 5.3-fold increases in dying cells and 1.5-fold increases in proliferating cells, compared with control. Recovery sleep restored the balance between DNA damage and repair, and resulted in normal or below-normal metabolic burdens and oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide physical evidence that sleep loss causes cell damage, and in a manner expected to predispose to replication errors and metabolic abnormalities; thereby providing linkage between sleep loss and disease risk observed in epidemiological findings. Properties of recovery sleep include biochemical and molecular events that restore balance and decrease cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Everson
- Department of Neurology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Aniko Szabo
- Department of Population Health, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Chen JC, Hwang JH. Sleep apnea increased incidence of primary central nervous system cancers: a nationwide cohort study. Sleep Med 2014; 15:749-54. [PMID: 24891080 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with increased incidence of all cancers. We aimed to determine the risk for primary central nervous system (CNS) cancers in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS A total of 23,055 incident cases of newly diagnosed sleep apnea syndrome (sleep apnea group) were identified between 2000 and 2003 in the medical claims database of Taiwan's National Health Institute (NHI) program and were matched by age and gender to patients without OSA (comparison group) in the same period. The occurrence of primary malignant CNS cancers was measured 2 years after the index date over a 10-year period. RESULTS The incidence density of primary CNS cancers (per 10,000 individual-years) was 2.14 and 1.28, respectively, for the OSA and comparison groups. The overall risk for developing primary CNS cancers was significantly higher in the OSA group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; P=0.046) after adjusting for age, gender, and obesity, among other variables. Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher risk for primary brain cancers but not primary spinal cord cancers in the OSA subgroup (adjusted HR, 1.71; P=0.027). The analysis also revealed a significantly higher risk for primary CNS cancers in the insomnia with OSA subgroup (adjusted HR, 2.20; P=0.001) and in the OSA without surgical treatment subgroup (adjusted HR, 1.831; P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS OSA, especially with insomnia, may increase the risk for primary CNS cancer development, though surgical treatment may reduce this risk in participants with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Sleep Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Sutton BC, Opp MR. Sleep fragmentation exacerbates mechanical hypersensitivity and alters subsequent sleep-wake behavior in a mouse model of musculoskeletal sensitization. Sleep 2014; 37:515-24. [PMID: 24587574 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation, or sleep disruption, enhances pain in human subjects. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is prevalent in our society, and constitutes a tremendous public health burden. Although preclinical models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain demonstrate effects on sleep, few studies focus on musculoskeletal pain. We reported elsewhere in this issue of SLEEP that musculoskeletal sensitization alters sleep of mice. In this study we hypothesize that sleep fragmentation during the development of musculoskeletal sensitization will exacerbate subsequent pain responses and alter sleep-wake behavior of mice. DESIGN This is a preclinical study using C57BL/6J mice to determine the effect on behavioral outcomes of sleep fragmentation combined with musculoskeletal sensitization. METHODS Musculoskeletal sensitization, a model of chronic muscle pain, was induced using two unilateral injections of acidified saline (pH 4.0) into the gastrocnemius muscle, spaced 5 days apart. Musculoskeletal sensitization manifests as mechanical hypersensitivity determined by von Frey filament testing at the hindpaws. Sleep fragmentation took place during the consecutive 12-h light periods of the 5 days between intramuscular injections. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and body temperature were recorded from some mice at baseline and for 3 weeks after musculoskeletal sensitization. Mechanical hypersensitivity was determined at preinjection baseline and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after sensitization. Two additional experiments were conducted to determine the independent effects of sleep fragmentation or musculoskeletal sensitization on mechanical hypersensitivity. RESULTS Five days of sleep fragmentation alone did not induce mechanical hypersensitivity, whereas sleep fragmentation combined with musculoskeletal sensitization resulted in prolonged and exacerbated mechanical hypersensitivity. Sleep fragmentation combined with musculoskeletal sensitization had an effect on subsequent sleep of mice as demonstrated by increased numbers of sleep-wake state transitions during the light and dark periods; changes in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, and wakefulness; and altered delta power during NREM sleep. These effects persisted for at least 3 weeks postsensitization. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that sleep fragmentation combined with musculoskeletal sensitization exacerbates the physiological and behavioral responses of mice to musculoskeletal sensitization, including mechanical hypersensitivity and sleep-wake behavior. These data contribute to increasing literature demonstrating bidirectional relationships between sleep and pain. The prevalence and incidence of insufficient sleep and pathologies characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain are increasing in the United States. These demographic data underscore the need for research focused on insufficient sleep and chronic pain so that the quality of life for the millions of individuals with these conditions may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair C Sutton
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark R Opp
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Rachalski A, Freyburger M, Mongrain V. Contribution of transcriptional and translational mechanisms to the recovery aspect of sleep regulation. Ann Med 2014; 46:62-72. [PMID: 24428734 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.866439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep parallels brain functioning and mental health. Neuronal activity during wakefulness leads to a subsequent increase in sleep intensity as measured using electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (SWA; index of neuronal synchrony in the low-frequency range). Wakefulness, and particularly prolonged wakefulness, also drives important changes in brain gene expression and changes in protein regulation. The role of these two cellular mechanisms in sleep-wake regulation has typically been studied independently, and their exact contribution to SWA remains poorly defined. In this review, we highlight that many transcriptional pathways driven by sleep deprivation are associated to protein regulation. We first describe the relationship between cytokines, clock genes, and markers of sleep need with an emphasis on transcriptional processes. Observations regarding the role of protein metabolism in sleep-wake regulation are then depicted while presenting interconnections between transcriptional and translational responses driven by sleep loss. Lastly, a manner by which this integrated response can feed back on neuronal network activity to determine sleep intensity is proposed. Overall, the literature supports that a complex cross-talk between transcriptional and translational regulation during prolonged wakefulness drives the changes in sleep intensity as a function of the sleep/wake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Rachalski
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada
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Mueller AD, Parfyonov M, Pavlovski I, Marchant EG, Mistlberger RE. The inhibitory effect of sleep deprivation on cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult mice is eliminated by corticosterone clamp combined with interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 35:182-8. [PMID: 24121035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprivation or fragmentation of sleep for longer than 2days significantly inhibits cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats and mice. Signaling pathways that mediate these effects have yet to be clarified. Although deprivation procedures can stimulate adrenal corticosterone (CORT) release, suppression of cell proliferation by sleep deprivation does not require elevated CORT. We examined a role for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increased by sleep loss and that mediates effects of stress on hippocampal neurogenesis. Wild type (WT) and IL-1 receptor 1 knockout (IL1RI-KO) mice were subjected to rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (RSD) for 72-h using the multiple platform-over-water method. Mice were administered BrdU (100mg/kg) i.p. at hour 70 of RSD and were sacrificed 2-h later. New cells were identified by immunoreactivity (ir) for BrdU and Ki67 in the granular cell layer/subgranular zone (GCL/SGZ) and the hilus. In Experiment 1, WT and IL1RI-KO mice, by contrast with respective control groups, exhibited significantly fewer BrdU-ir and Ki67-ir cells. In Experiment 2, WT and IL1RI-KO mice were adrenalectomized (ADX) and maintained on constant low-dose CORT by osmotic minipumps. RSD reduced cell proliferation by 32% (p<0.01) in ADX-WT animals but did not significantly reduce proliferation in ADX IL1RI-KO animals (p>0.1). These results imply that RSD suppresses cell proliferation by the presence of wake-dependent factors (either elevated CORT or IL-1β signaling are sufficient), rather than the absence of a REM sleep-dependent process. The generality of these findings to other sleep deprivation methods and durations remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka D Mueller
- Cognitive and Neural Sciences Program, Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
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Hu LY, Chen PM, Hu YW, Shen CC, Perng CL, Su TP, Yen SH, Tzeng CH, Chiou TJ, Yeh CM, Chen TJ, Wang WS, Liu CJ. The risk of cancer among patients with sleep disturbance: a nationwide retrospective study in Taiwan. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:757-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Porkka-Heiskanen T. Sleep homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:799-805. [PMID: 23510741 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Research on sleep homeostasis aims to answer the question: how does the brain measure the duration and intensity of previous wakefulness in order to increase the duration and intensity of subsequent sleep? The search of regulatory factors has identified a number of potential molecules that increase their concentration in waking and decrease it during sleep. These factors regulate many physiological functions, including energy metabolism, neural plasticity and immune functions and one molecule may participate in the regulation of all these functions. The method to study regulation of sleep homeostasis is experimental prolongation of waking, which is used also to address the question of physiological purpose of sleep: prolonging wakefulness provokes symptoms that tell us what goes wrong during lack of sleep. The interpretation of the role of each identified factor in the regulation of sleep/sleep homeostasis reflects the theoretical background concept of the research. Presently three main concepts are being actively studied: the energy (depletion) hypothesis, the neural plasticity hypothesis and the (immune) defense hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, PO Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Inui S, Hamasaki T, Itami S. Sleep quality in patients with alopecia areata: questionnaire-based study. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:e39-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liang JA, Sun LM, Muo CH, Sung FC, Chang SN, Kao CH. Non-apnea sleep disorders will increase subsequent liver cancer risk--a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sleep Med 2012; 13:869-74. [PMID: 22503943 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that patients with sleep disorders (SD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and total mortality. However, little information exists regarding the relationship between non-apnea SD and the risk of cancer. The goal of this study was to determine if any association between SD and malignancy exists in Taiwan. METHODS We used data from the National Health Insurance system of Taiwan to assess this issue. The SD cohort contained 42,351 patients, and each patient was randomly frequency-matched by age and sex with two people from the general population without SD. The Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of SD on cancer risk. RESULTS In patients with SD, the overall risk of developing cancer was significantly higher than in normal healthy subjects (adjusted Hazard ratio [HR]=1.12, 95% confidence interval=1.06-1.18). This held true even when we analyzed males and females separately. In regards to individual types of cancer, the risk for developing liver cancer among patients with SD was significantly higher than in subjects without SD. For breast cancer the risk showed a marginally significant increase. CONCLUSION The nationwide population-based cohort study found Taiwanese patients with SD have a higher risk of developing cancer, particularly liver cancer and, possibly, breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jewett KA, Krueger JM. Humoral sleep regulation; interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 89:241-57. [PMID: 22640617 PMCID: PMC4030541 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394623-2.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two substances, the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), known for their many physiological roles, for example, cognition, synaptic plasticity, and immune function, are also well characterized in their actions of sleep regulation. These substances promote non-rapid eye movement sleep and can induce symptoms associated with sleep loss such as sleepiness, fatigue, and poor cognition. IL1β and TNFα are released from glia in response to extracellular ATP. They bind to their receptors on neurons resulting in neuromodulator and neurotransmitter receptor up/downregulation (e.g., adenosine and glutamate receptors) leading to altered neuronal excitability and function, that is, a state change in the local network. Synchronization of state between local networks leads to emergent whole brain oscillations, such as sleep/wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Jewett
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
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Mongrain V, La Spada F, Curie T, Franken P. Sleep loss reduces the DNA-binding of BMAL1, CLOCK, and NPAS2 to specific clock genes in the mouse cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26622. [PMID: 22039518 PMCID: PMC3200344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that clock genes contribute to the homeostatic aspect of sleep regulation. Indeed, mutations in some clock genes modify the markers of sleep homeostasis and an increase in homeostatic sleep drive alters clock gene expression in the forebrain. Here, we investigate a possible mechanism by which sleep deprivation (SD) could alter clock gene expression by quantifying DNA-binding of the core-clock transcription factors CLOCK, NPAS2, and BMAL1 to the cis-regulatory sequences of target clock genes in mice. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we first showed that, as reported for the liver, DNA-binding of CLOCK and BMAL1 to target clock genes changes in function of time-of-day in the cerebral cortex. Tissue extracts were collected at ZT0 (light onset), -6, -12, and -18, and DNA enrichment of E-box or E'-box containing sequences was measured by qPCR. CLOCK and BMAL1 binding to Cry1, Dbp, Per1, and Per2 depended on time-of-day, with maximum values reached at around ZT6. We then observed that SD, performed between ZT0 and -6, significantly decreased DNA-binding of CLOCK and BMAL1 to Dbp, consistent with the observed decrease in Dbp mRNA levels after SD. The DNA-binding of NPAS2 and BMAL1 to Per2 was also decreased by SD, although SD is known to increase Per2 expression in the cortex. DNA-binding to Per1 and Cry1 was not affected by SD. Our results show that the sleep-wake history can affect the clock molecular machinery directly at the level of chromatin binding thereby altering the cortical expression of Dbp and Per2 and likely other targets. Although the precise dynamics of the relationship between DNA-binding and mRNA expression, especially for Per2, remains elusive, the results also suggest that part of the reported circadian changes in DNA-binding of core clock components in tissues peripheral to the suprachiasmatic nuclei could, in fact, be sleep-wake driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francesco La Spada
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Curie
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wu RSC, Huang CC, Pan CH, Wu KC, Chen CC, Liu SK, Tang CL, Wu CH. Total sleep deprivation augments balloon angioplasty-induced neointimal hyperplasia in rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1239-47. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Everson CA, Szabo A. Repeated exposure to severely limited sleep results in distinctive and persistent physiological imbalances in rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22987. [PMID: 21853062 PMCID: PMC3154920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep disruption in laboratory rats leads to increased energy expenditure, connective tissue abnormalities, and increased weights of major organs relative to body weight. Here we report on expanded findings and the extent to which abnormalities become long-lasting, potentially permanent changes to health status after apparent recuperation from chronic sleep disruption. Rats were exposed 6 times to long periods of disrupted sleep or control conditions during 10 weeks to produce adaptations and then were permitted nearly 4 months of undisturbed sleep. Measurements were made in tissues from these groups and in preserved tissue from the experimental and control groups of an antecedent study that lacked a lengthy recuperation period. Cycles of sleep restriction resulted in energy deficiency marked by a progressive course of hyperphagia and major (15%) weight loss. Analyses of tissue composition in chronically sleep-restricted rats indicated that protein and lipid amounts in internal organs were largely spared, while adipose tissue depots appeared depleted. This suggests high metabolic demands may have preserved the size of the vital organs relative to expectations of severe energy deficiency alone. Low plasma corticosterone and leptin concentrations appear to reflect low substrate availability and diminished adiposity. After nearly 4 months of recuperation, sleep-restricted rats were consuming 20% more food and 35% more water than did comparison control rats, despite normalized weight, normalized adipocytes, and elevated plasma leptin concentrations. Plasma cholesterol levels in recuperated sleep-restricted rats were diminished relative to those of controls. The chronically increased intake of nutriments and water, along with altered negative feedback regulation and substrate use, indicate that internal processes are modified long after a severe period of prolonged and insufficient sleep has ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Everson
- Department of Neurology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.
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Huang LZ, Wei L, Zhao HF, Huang BK, Rahman K, Qin LP. The effect of Eleutheroside E on behavioral alterations in murine sleep deprivation stress model. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Esumi LA, Palma BD, Gomes VL, Tufik S, Hipólide DC. Inflammatory markers are associated with inhibitory avoidance memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:7-12. [PMID: 21356250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) causes detrimental effects to the body, such as memory impairment and weight loss. SD also changes the concentration of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, which, in turn, can affect cognitive functioning. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of these inflammatory mediators in inhibitory avoidance memory deficit in sleep-deprived rats. Male Wistar rats were deprived of sleep by the modified multiple platform method for 96 h, while their respective controls remained in their housing cages. To assess memory after SD, all animals underwent training, followed by the inhibitory avoidance task test 24h later. Also, the weight of each animal was recorded daily. In the first experiment, animals received an acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 or 75 μg/kg i.p.) 3h before the inhibitory avoidance training. In the experiment 2, the animals received acute or chronic administration of anti-IL-6 antibody (Ab, 2 μg/kg i.p.). The acute administration was performed 3h before the inhibitory avoidance training, while the chronic treatment administrations were performed daily during the SD period. The 75 μg/kg dose of LPS, but not the 50 μg/kg dose, caused a significant attenuation of memory impairment in the sleep-deprived animals. Although the treatments with the anti-IL-6 Ab did not produce any significant changes in cognitive performance, the Ab attenuated weight loss in sleep-deprived animals. Taken together, these results suggest the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the modulation of memory deficit and weight loss that are observed in sleep-deprived rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Esumi
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paula, Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krueger JM, Majde JA, Rector DM. Cytokines in immune function and sleep regulation. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2011; 98:229-40. [PMID: 21056190 PMCID: PMC5440845 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52006-7.00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Department of Veterinary and Comparetive Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
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Wu M, Cai Y, Sun J, Yang H, Li J, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhu L, Xian L. Effects of experimental chronic jet lag on hematological and immune parameters in mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010903299053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krueger JM, Taishi P, De A, Davis CJ, Winters BD, Clinton J, Szentirmai E, Zielinski MR. ATP and the purine type 2 X7 receptor affect sleep. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:1318-27. [PMID: 20829501 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is dependent upon prior brain activities, e.g., after prolonged wakefulness sleep rebound occurs. These effects are mediated, in part, by humoral sleep regulatory substances such as cytokines. However, the property of wakefulness activity that initiates production and release of such substances and thereby provides a signal for indexing prior waking activity is unknown. We propose that extracellular ATP, released during neuro- and gliotransmission and acting via purine type 2 (P2) receptors, is such a signal. ATP induces cytokine release from glia. Cytokines in turn affect sleep. We show here that a P2 receptor agonist, 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP), increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and electroencephalographic (EEG) delta power while two different P2 receptor antagonists, acting by different inhibitory mechanisms, reduced spontaneous NREMS in rats. Rat P2X7 receptor protein varied in the somatosensory cortex with time of day, and P2X7 mRNA was altered by interleukin-1 treatment, by sleep deprivation, and with time of day in the hypothalamus and somatosensory cortex. Mice lacking functional P2X7 receptors had attenuated NREMS and EEG delta power responses to sleep deprivation but not to interleukin-1 treatment compared with wild-type mice. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that extracellular ATP, released as a consequence of cell activity and acting via P2 receptors to release cytokines and other sleep regulatory substances, provides a mechanism by which the brain could monitor prior activity and translate it into sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Programs in Neuroscience, Dept. of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
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Romana-Souza B, Otranto M, Vieira AM, Filgueiras CC, Fierro IM, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Rotational stress-induced increase in epinephrine levels delays cutaneous wound healing in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:427-37. [PMID: 19944145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress impairs wound healing of cutaneous lesions; however, the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rotational stress on cutaneous wound healing in mice and propose a mechanism. Male mice were spun at 45 rpm for 15 min every hour beginning 3 days before wounding until euthanasia. Control animals were not subjected to stress. To confirm that catecholamines participate in stress-induced delay of wound healing, mice were treated daily with propranolol. An excisional lesion was created and measured. Seven and 14 days later, animals were killed and lesions collected. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostained for alpha-smooth muscle actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity, nitrite levels, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression were measured in the wounds. In addition, murine skin fibroblast cultures were treated with high levels of epinephrine and fibroblast activity was evaluated. Stressed mice exhibited reduced locomotor activity and increased normetanephrine plasma levels. Rotational stress was associated with decreased wound contraction, reduced re-epithelialization, reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, but with strongly increased nitrite levels. Furthermore, inflammatory cell infiltration, TNF-alpha expression, myofibroblastic differentiation, and angiogenesis were all delayed in the stress group. Propranolol administration reversed the deleterious effects of stress on wound contraction and re-epithelialization. High epinephrine concentrations increased murine skin fibroblast proliferation and nitric oxide synthesis, and strongly inhibited skin fibroblast migration and both pro- and active MMP-2. In conclusion, rotational stress impairs cutaneous wound healing due to epinephrine increased levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Background Prolonged psychosocial stress is a condition assessed through self-reports. Here we aimed to identify biochemical markers for screening and early intervention in women. Methods Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL) 1-α, IL1-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), prolactin, and testosterone were measured in: 195 women on long-term sick-leave for a stress-related affective disorder, 45 women at risk for professional burnout, and 84 healthy women. Results We found significantly increased levels of MCP-1, VEGF and EGF in women exposed to prolonged psychosocial stress. Statistical analysis indicates that they independently associate with a significant risk for being classified as ill. Conclusions MCP-1, EGF, and VEGF are potential markers for screening and early intervention in women under prolonged psychosocial stress.
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