1
|
Dattoli SD, Baiula M, De Marco R, Bedini A, Anselmi M, Gentilucci L, Spampinato S. DS-70, a novel and potent α 4 integrin antagonist, is an effective treatment for experimental allergic conjunctivitis in guinea pigs. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3891-3910. [PMID: 30051467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye inflammation that involves the infiltration of immune cells into the conjunctiva via cell surface-adhesion receptors, such as integrin α4 β1 . These receptors interact with adhesion molecules expressed on the conjunctival endothelium and may be a target to treat this disease. We synthesized DS-70, a novel α/β-peptidomimetic α4 integrin antagonist, to prevent the conjunctival infiltration of immune cells and clinical symptoms in a model of allergic conjunctivitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro, DS-70 was pharmacologically characterized using a scintillation proximity procedure to measure its affinity for α4 β1 integrin, and its effect on cell adhesion mediated by different integrins was also evaluated. The effects of DS-70 on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-mediated degranulation of a human mast cell line and an eosinophilic cell line, which both express α4 β1 , and on VCAM-1-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in Jurkat E6.1 cells were investigated. Effects of DS-70 administered in the conjunctival fornix of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs were evaluated. KEY RESULTS DS-70 bound to integrin α4 β1 with nanomolar affinity, prevented the adhesion of α4 integrin-expressing cells, antagonized VCAM-1-mediated degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Only 20% was degraded after an 8 h incubation with serum. DS-70 dose-dependently reduced the clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival α4 integrin expression and conjunctival levels of chemokines and cytokines in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the role of α4 integrin in allergic conjunctivitis and suggest that DS-70 is a potential treatment for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bedini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
During vascular development, endothelial cells (ECs) and neighboring stromal cells interact and communicate through autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms involving extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their cell surface integrin adhesion receptors. Integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling pathways are crucial for normal vascular development and physiology, and alterations in integrin expression and/or function drive several vascular-related pathologies including thrombosis, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss integrin adhesion and signaling pathways important for EC growth, survival, and migration. Integrin-mediated paracrine links between ECs and surrounding stromal cells in the organ microenvironment will also be discussed. Lastly, we will review roles for integrins in vascular pathologies and discuss possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Guerrero
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph H McCarty
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Villani S, Zanotta N, Ambrogi F, Comar M, Franciotta D, Dolci M, Cason C, Ticozzi R, Ferrante P, Delbue S. Multiplex array analysis of circulating cytokines and chemokines in natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
4
|
Tandon P, Wilczewski CM, Williams CE, Conlon FL. The Lhx9-integrin pathway is essential for positioning of the proepicardial organ. Development 2016; 143:831-40. [PMID: 26811386 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate embryonic heart occurs by hyperplastic growth as well as the incorporation of cells from tissues outside of the initial heart field. Amongst these tissues is the epicardium, a cell structure that develops from the precursor proepicardial organ on the right side of the septum transversum caudal to the developing heart. During embryogenesis, cells of the proepicardial organ migrate, adhere and envelop the maturing heart, forming the epicardium. The cells of the epicardium then delaminate and incorporate into the heart giving rise to cardiac derivatives, including smooth muscle cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate that the LIM homeodomain protein Lhx9 is transiently expressed in Xenopus proepicardial cells and is essential for the position of the proepicardial organ on the septum transversum. Utilizing a small-molecule screen, we found that Lhx9 acts upstream of integrin-paxillin signaling and consistently demonstrate that either loss of Lhx9 or disruption of the integrin-paxillin pathway results in mis-positioning of the proepicardial organ and aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This leads to a failure of proepicardial cell migration and adhesion to the heart, and eventual death of the embryo. Collectively, these studies establish a requirement for the Lhx9-integrin-paxillin pathway in proepicardial organ positioning and epicardial formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panna Tandon
- Department of Biology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Clara E Williams
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu K, He Q, Liao G, Han J. Identification of critical genes and gene interaction networks that mediate osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1796-1806. [PMID: 26640552 PMCID: PMC4665845 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed bone tumor in young adults under the age of 20. Metastasis is considered an important factor underlying cancer-associated morbidity and mortality, and, as a result, the survival rate of patients with metastatic OS is low. In spite of this, the mechanisms underlying metastasis in OS are currently not well understood. The present study compared gene expression levels between five non-metastatic and four metastatic OS tumor samples, using an Affymetrix microarray. A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed in the metastatic samples, as compared with the non-metastatic samples. Of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 212 were upregulated and 70 were downregulated. The following DEGs were associated with metastasis: Homeobox only protein; lysosomal-associated membrane protein-3; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-18; carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-6; keratin-19; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2; clusterin; and nucleoside diphosphate kinase-1. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses were conducted, which identified 529 biological processes (P<0.01) and 10 KEGG pathways (P<0.05) that were significantly over-represented in the metastatic samples, as compared with the non-metastatic samples. Interaction networks for the DEGs were constructed using the corresponding GO terms and KEGG pathways, and these identified numerous genes that may contribute to OS metastasis. Among the enriched biological processes, four DEGs were consistently over-represented: Jun proto-oncogene, caveolin-1, nuclear factor-κB-inhibitor-α and integrin alpha-4; thus suggesting that they may have key roles in OS metastasis, and may be considered potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of patients with OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kegui Liu
- Department of Osteoarticular Surgery, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Qunhui He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuhuang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guangjun Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almonte-Becerril M, Costell M, Kouri JB. Changes in the integrins expression are related with the osteoarthritis severity in an experimental animal model in rats. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1161-6. [PMID: 24839051 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We identify changes in the expression and localization of α5, α4, and α2 integrins during osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in a rat experimental model. The changes were concomitant with variations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) content and the increase of metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity during OA pathogenesis, which were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Our results showed an increased expression of α5 and α2 integrins at OA late stages, which was co-related with changes in the ECM content, as a consequence of the MMPs activity. In addition, this is the first report that has shown the presence of α4 integrin since OA early stages, which was co-related with the loss of proteoglycans and clusters formation. However, at late OA stages, the increased expression of α4 integrin in the middle and deep zones of the cartilage was also co-related with the abnormal endochondral ossification of the cartilage through its interaction with osteopontin. Finally, we conclude that ECM-chondrocytes interaction through specific cell receptors is essential to maintain the cartilage homeostasis. However, due to integrins cell signaling is ligand-dependent; changes in the ECM contents could induce activation of either anabolic or catabolic processes, which limits the reparative capacity of chondrocytes, favoring OA severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, DF, México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Blood is renewed throughout the entire life. The stem cells of the blood, called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are responsible for maintaining a supply of all types of fresh blood cells. In contrast to other stem cells, the clinical application of these cells is well established and HSC transplantation is an established life-saving therapy for patients suffering from haematological disorders. Despite their efficient functionality throughout life in vivo, controlling HSC behaviour in vitro (including their proliferation and differentiation) is still a major task that has not been resolved with standard cell culture systems. Targeted HSC multiplication in vitro could be beneficial for many patients, because HSC supply is limited. The biology of these cells and their natural microenvironment - their niche - remain a matter of ongoing research. In recent years, evidence has come to light that HSCs are susceptible to physical stimuli. This makes the regulation of HSCs by engineering physical parameters a promising approach for the targeted manipulation of these cells for clinical applications. Nevertheless, the biophysical regulation of these cells is still poorly understood. This review sheds light on the role of biophysical parameters in HSC biology and outlines which knowledge on biophysical regulation identified in other cell types could be applied to HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gagen D, Faralli JA, Filla MS, Peters DM. The role of integrins in the trabecular meshwork. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 30:110-20. [PMID: 24266581 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, integrins are not just adhesion receptors. They can act as "bidirectional signal transducers" that coordinate a large number of cellular activities in response to the extracellular environment and intracellular signaling events. Among the activities regulated by integrins are cell adhesion, assembly of the ECM, growth factor signaling, apoptosis, organization of the cytoskeleton, and cytoskeleton-mediated processes such as contraction, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. Integrins regulate these activities through a complex network of intracellular signaling kinases and adaptor proteins that associate with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the integrin subunits. In this review, we will discuss how some of the known integrin-mediated activities can control the function of the trabecular meshwork. We will also discuss how integrin activity is a tightly regulated process that involves conformation changes within the heterodimer which are mediated by specific integrin-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Gagen
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Science Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caiado F, Dias S. Endothelial progenitor cells and integrins: adhesive needs. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:4. [PMID: 22410175 PMCID: PMC3323425 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade there have been multiple studies concerning the contribution of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to new vessel formation in different physiological and pathological settings. The process by which EPCs contribute to new vessel formation in adults is termed postnatal vasculogenesis and occurs via four inter-related steps. They must respond to chemoattractant signals and mobilize from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood; home in on sites of new vessel formation; invade and migrate at the same sites; and differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs) and/or regulate pre-existing ECs via paracrine or juxtacrine signals. During these four steps, EPCs interact with different physiological compartments, namely bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels and homing tissues. The success of each step depends on the ability of EPCs to interact, adapt and respond to multiple molecular cues. The present review summarizes the interactions between integrins expressed by EPCs and their ligands: extracellular matrix components and cell surface proteins present at sites of postnatal vasculogenesis. The data summarized here indicate that integrins represent a major molecular determinant of EPC function, with different integrin subunits regulating different steps of EPC biology. Specifically, integrin α4β1 is a key regulator of EPC retention and/or mobilization from the bone marrow, while integrins α5β1, α6β1, αvβ3 and αvβ5 are major determinants of EPC homing, invasion, differentiation and paracrine factor production. β2 integrins are the major regulators of EPC transendothelial migration. The relevance of integrins in EPC biology is also demonstrated by many studies that use extracellular matrix-based scaffolds as a clinical tool to improve the vasculogenic functions of EPCs. We propose that targeted and tissue-specific manipulation of EPC integrin-mediated interactions may be crucial to further improve the usage of this cell population as a relevant clinical agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Caiado
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, CIPM, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, EPE, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gignoux C, Newton AF, Barthelme A, Lewis W, Alcaraz ML, Stockman RA. Combining two-directional synthesis and tandem reactions: a short formal synthesis of halichlorine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:67-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
The activity state of integrins is crucial for cell adhesion, migration and differentiation, and is regulated predominantly by protein interactions of the integrin β cytoplasmic domain. SHARPIN is now shown to negatively regulate integrin activation by binding the α-integrin subunit and interfering with the association of the β cytodomain with activating proteins.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cantor J, Slepak M, Ege N, Chang JT, Ginsberg MH. Loss of T cell CD98 H chain specifically ablates T cell clonal expansion and protects from autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:851-60. [PMID: 21670318 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD98 H chain (4F2 Ag, Slc3a2) was discovered as a lymphocyte-activation Ag. Deletion of CD98 H chain in B cells leads to complete failure of B cell proliferation, plasma cell formation, and Ab secretion. In this study, we examined the role of T cell CD98 in cell-mediated immunity and autoimmune disease pathogenesis by specifically deleting it in murine T cells. Deletion of T cell CD98 prevented experimental autoimmune diabetes associated with dramatically reduced T cell clonal expansion. Nevertheless, initial T cell homing to pancreatic islets was unimpaired. In sharp contrast to B cells, CD98-null T cells showed only modestly impaired Ag-driven proliferation and nearly normal homeostatic proliferation. Furthermore, these cells were activated by Ag, leading to cytokine production (CD4) and efficient cytolytic killing of targets (CD8). The integrin-binding domain of CD98 was necessary and sufficient for full clonal expansion, pointing to a role for adhesive signaling in T cell proliferation and autoimmune disease. When we expanded CD98-null T cells in vitro, they adoptively transferred diabetes, establishing that impaired clonal expansion was responsible for protection from disease. Thus, the integrin-binding domain of CD98 is required for Ag-driven T cell clonal expansion in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease and may represent a useful therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0726, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Development of a quantitative bioassay to assess preventive compounds against inflammation-based carcinogenesis. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:183-94. [PMID: 21345376 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reducing cancer incidence and mortality by use of cancer-chemopreventive agents is an important goal. We have established an in vitro bioassay that is able to screen large numbers of candidate chemicals that are positive for prevention of inflammation-related carcinogenesis. To accomplish this we have added candidate chemicals or vehicles and freshly isolated, fluorescent dye-labeled inflammatory cells that were overlaid on TNF-alpha-stimulated mouse endothelial cells in a 96-well plate. Inhibition of inflammatory cell attachment to the endothelial cells by the chemicals was quantified by the intensity of fluorescence from the adherent inflammatory cells after removing unattached cells. Using this assay, we selected two chemicals, auraptene and turmerones, for further study. As an in vivo test, diets containing these test chemicals were administered to mice with a piece of foreign body, gelatin sponge, that had been implanted to cause inflammation, and we found that the number of inflammatory cells that infiltrated into the subcutaneously implanted gelatin sponge was reduced compared to that found in the mice fed with a control diet. Moreover, diets containing either of the two chemicals prevented inflammation-based carcinogenesis in a mouse model. We found that the compounds reduced not only the number of infiltrating cells but also the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG) in the infiltrated cells. Moreover, both compounds but not controls sustained the reducing activity in the inflammatory lesion, and this finding was confirmed by using non-invasive in vivo electron spin resonance. The newly established in vitro screening assay will be useful for finding biologically effective chemopreventive agents against inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abl-interactor-1 (Abi1) has a role in cardiovascular and placental development and is a binding partner of the alpha4 integrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 108:149-54. [PMID: 21173240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012316108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic signals linking the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion receptors are essential for morphogenesis during development and normal tissue homeostasis. Abi1 is a central regulator of actin polymerization through interactions with multiple protein complexes. However, the in vivo role of Abi1 remains to be defined. The α4 integrin adhesion receptor is associated with enhanced protrusive activity and regulation of directional cell migration. Among integrin subunits, α4 exhibits unique properties in that it predominantly accumulates at the leading edge of migrating cells; however, the pathways that link the actin-regulatory machinery to α4 at the leading edge have remained elusive. We generated Abi1 KO mice and found that loss of Abi1 phenocopies KO of α4. Mice lacking Abi1 or α4 exhibit midgestational lethality with abnormalities in placental and cardiovascular development. Notably, purified Abi1 protein binds directly to the α4 cytoplasmic tail and endogenous Abi1 colocalizes with phosphorylated α4 at the leading edge of spreading cells. Moreover, Abi1-deficient cells expressing α4 have impaired cell spreading, which is rescued by WT Abi1 but not an Abi1 mutant lacking the α4-binding site. These data reveal a direct link between the α4 integrin and actin polymerization and uncover a role for Abi1 in the regulation of morphogenesis in vivo. The Abi1-α4 interaction establishes a mechanistic paradigm for signaling between adhesion events and enhanced actin polymerization at the earliest stages of protrusion.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abshire MY, Thomas KS, Owen KA, Bouton AH. Macrophage motility requires distinct α5β1/FAK and α4β1/paxillin signaling events. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:251-7. [PMID: 21084629 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0710395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages function as key inflammatory mediators at sites of infection and tissue damage. Integrin and growth factor receptors facilitate recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to sites of inflammation in response to numerous extracellular stimuli. We have shown recently that FAK plays a role in regulating macrophage chemotaxis and invasion. As FAK is an established downstream mediator of integrin signaling, we sought to define the molecular circuitry involving FAK and the predominant β1 integrin heterodimers expressed in these cells-α4β1 and α5β1. We show that α4β1 and α5β1 integrins are required for efficient haptotactic and chemotactic invasion and that stimulation of these integrin receptors leads to the adoption of distinct morphologies associated with motility. FAK is required downstream of α5β1 for haptotaxis toward FN and chemotaxis toward M-CSF-1 and downstream of α4β1 for the adoption of a polarized phenotype. The scaffolding molecule paxillin functions independently of FAK to promote chemotaxis downstream of α4β1. These studies expand our understanding of β1 integrin signaling networks that regulate motility and invasion in macrophages and thus, provide important new insights into mechanisms by which macrophages perform their diverse functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Abshire
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cox D, Brennan M, Moran N. Integrins as therapeutic targets: lessons and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:804-20. [PMID: 20885411 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The integrins are a large family of cell adhesion molecules that are essential for the regulation of cell growth and function. The identification of key roles for integrins in a diverse range of diseases, including cancer, infection, thrombosis and autoimmune disorders, has revealed their substantial potential as therapeutic targets. However, so far, pharmacological inhibitors for only three integrins have received marketing approval. This article discusses the structure and function of integrins, their roles in disease and the chequered history of the approved integrin antagonists. Recent advances in the understanding of integrin function, ligand interaction and signalling pathways suggest novel strategies for inhibiting integrin function that could help harness their full potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lannes-Vieira J, Silverio JC, Pereira IR, Vinagre NF, Carvalho CME, Paiva CN, Silva AAD. Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi-elicited cardiomyopathy: from the discovery to the proposal of rational therapeutic interventions targeting cell adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors - how to make a dream come true. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104 Suppl 1:226-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
18
|
Deakin NO, Bass MD, Warwood S, Schoelermann J, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Knight D, Ballestrem C, Humphries MJ. An integrin-alpha4-14-3-3zeta-paxillin ternary complex mediates localised Cdc42 activity and accelerates cell migration. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1654-64. [PMID: 19401330 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.049130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha4 integrins are used by leukocytes and neural crest derivatives for adhesion and migration during embryogenesis, immune responses and tumour invasion. The pro-migratory activity of alpha4 integrin is mediated in part through the direct binding of the cytoplasmic domain to paxillin. Here, using intermolecular FRET and biochemical analyses, we report a novel interaction of the alpha4 integrin cytoplasmic domain with 14-3-3zeta. This interaction depends on serine phosphorylation of alpha4 integrin at a site (S978) distinct from that which regulates paxillin binding (S988). Using a combination of metabolic labelling and targeted mass spectrometry by multiple reaction monitoring we demonstrate the low stoichiometry phosphorylation of S978. The interaction between alpha4 integrin and 14-3-3zeta is enhanced by the direct association between 14-3-3zeta and paxillin, resulting in the formation of a ternary complex that stabilises the recruitment of each component. Although pair-wise interaction between alpha4 integrin and paxillin is sufficient for normal Rac1 regulation, the integrity of the ternary complex is essential for focused Cdc42 activity at the lamellipodial leading edge and directed cell movement. Taken together, these data identify a key signalling nexus mediating alpha4 integrin-dependent migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Deakin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu WQ, Martinez J, Durand J, Wildering W, Zochodne D. RGD-mediated adhesive interactions are important for peripheral axon outgrowth in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 34:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- David S Harburger
- Department of Pharmacology and Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Transplantation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Although critical for cell adhesion and migration during normal immune-mediated reactions, leukocyte integrins are also involved in the pathogenesis of diverse clinical conditions including autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Leukocyte integrins therefore have been targets for anti-adhesive therapies to treat the inflammatory disorders. Recently, the therapeutic potential of integrin antagonists has been demonstrated in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. However, current therapeutics broadly affect integrin functions and, thus, yield unfavorable side effects. This review discusses the major leukocyte integrins and the anti-adhesion strategies for treating immune diseases.
Collapse
|
22
|
Féral CC, Neels JG, Kummer C, Slepak M, Olefsky JM, Ginsberg MH. Blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling ameliorates the metabolic consequences of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2008; 57:1842-51. [PMID: 18426864 PMCID: PMC2453617 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many prevalent diseases of advanced societies, such as obesity-induced type 2 diabetes, are linked to indolent mononuclear cell-dependent inflammation. We previously proposed that blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling can inhibit inflammation while limiting mechanism-based toxicities of loss of alpha4 function. Thus, we hypothesized that mice bearing an alpha4(Y991A) mutation, which blocks signaling, would be protected from development of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Six- to eight-week-old wild-type and alpha4(Y991A) C57Bl/6 male mice were placed on either a high-fat diet that derived 60% calories from lipids or a chow diet. Metabolic testing was performed after 16-22 weeks of diet. RESULTS Alpha4(Y991A) mice were protected from development of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. This protection was conferred on wild-type mice by alpha4(Y991A) bone marrow transplantation. In the reverse experiment, wild-type bone marrow renders high-fat diet-fed alpha4(Y991A) acceptor animals insulin resistant. Furthermore, fat-fed alpha4(Y991A) mice showed a dramatic reduction of monocyte/macrophages in adipose tissue. This reduction was due to reduced monocyte/macrophage migration rather than reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. CONCLUSIONS Alpha4 integrins contribute to the development of HFD-induced insulin resistance by mediating the trafficking of monocytes into adipose tissue; hence, blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling can prevent the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé C Féral
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) are a family of proteins with a common catalytic domain that induces hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf GTP-binding proteins. At least three groups of multidomain Arf GAPs affect the actin cytoskeleton and cellular activities, such as migration and movement, that depend on the cytoskeleton. One role of the Arf GAPs is to regulate membrane remodelling that accompanies actin polymerization. Regulation of membrane remodelling is mediated in part by the regulation of Arf proteins. However, Arf GAPs also regulate actin independently of effects on membranes or Arf. These functions include acting as upstream regulators of Rho family proteins and providing a scaffold for Rho effectors and exchange factors. With multiple functional elements, the Arf GAPs could integrate signals and biochemical activities that result in co-ordinated changes in actin and membranes necessary for a wide range of cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fukiage K, Aoyama T, Shibata KR, Otsuka S, Furu M, Kohno Y, Ito K, Jin Y, Fujita S, Fujibayashi S, Neo M, Nakayama T, Nakamura T, Toguchida J. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 indicates the differentiation potential of human bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 365:406-12. [PMID: 17983593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a mixture of cells differing in differentiation potential including mesenchymal stem cells, and so far no CD antigens were found to be predictable for the differentiation property of each BMSC. Here we attempted to isolate differentiation-associated CD antigens using 100 immortalized human BMSC (ihBMSC) clones. Among 13 CD antigens analyzed, only CD106/Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) showed a clear correlation with the differentiation potential of each clone; CD106-positive ihBMSC clones were less osteogenic and more adipogenic than CD106-negative clones. This association was confirmed in primary BMSCs sorted by CD106, showing that the CD106-positive fraction contained less osteogenic and more adipogenic cells than the CD106-positive fraction. The evaluation of CD106 fraction of BMSC strains in early passages predicted clearly the osteogenic and adipogenic potential after in vitro induction of differentiation, indicating the usefulness of CD106 as a differentiation-predicting marker of BMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Fukiage
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ulyanova T, Priestley GV, Nakamoto B, Jiang Y, Papayannopoulou T. VCAM-1 ablation in nonhematopoietic cells in MxCre+ VCAM-1f/f mice is variable and dictates their phenotype. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:565-71. [PMID: 17379066 PMCID: PMC1905849 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to assess the extent of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) gene deletion in hematopoietic vs nonhematopoietic cells in the bone marrow (BM) of MxCre(+)VCAM-1(f/f) mice and its impact on the phenotypic features of these mice. METHODS VCAM-1 ablation was evaluated at the genomic level by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), at the mRNA level by real-time PCR, and at the protein level by fluorescein-activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry. The homing or mobilization of colony-forming unit cultures was assessed by standard assays. RESULTS A previously accepted interferon-induction scheme yielded efficient VCAM-1 ablation in hematopoietic cells but variable ablation in BM fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The level of ablation in the latter populations correlated with alterations in the hematopoietic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Poly(I:C)-induced MxCre-mediated gene ablation is highly efficient in hematopoietic cells but variable and partial in nonhematopoietic cells in BM. Ablation of VCAM-1 in hematopoietic cells does not contribute to their mobilization, nor does it impair their homing. The latter is dependent on VCAM-1 ablation in nonhematopoietic cells of BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ulyanova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|