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Alam F, Syed H, Amjad S, Baig M, Khan TA, Rehman R. Interplay between oxidative stress, SIRT1, reproductive and metabolic functions. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:119-124. [PMID: 34746831 PMCID: PMC8562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information Regulators (SIRT1) gene stimulates antioxidants' expression, repairs cells damaged by oxidative stress (OS), and prevents the cells' dysfunction. In particular, the role of different Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 in reproduction, has been widely studied over the past decade. Decreased SIRT 1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in both male and female gametes (Sperms and Oocytes), leading to infertility. In the female reproductive system, SIRT1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis in granulosa cells (GCs), and its down-regulation is associated with a reduced ovarian reserve. SIRT1 also modulates the stress response to OS in GCs by targeting a transcription factor vital for ovarian functions and maintenance. ROS-mediated damage to spermatozoa's motility and morphology is responsible for 30-80% of men's infertility cases. High levels of ROS can cause damage to deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus and mitochondria, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, inactivation of enzymes, and oxidation of proteins in spermatozoa. SIRT 1 is a cardioprotective molecule that prevents atherosclerosis by modulating various mechanisms such as endothelial injury due to impaired nitric oxide (NO) production, inflammation, OS, and regulation of autophagy. SIRT 1 is abundantly expressed in tubular cells and podocytes. It is also found to be highly expressed in aquaporin 2 positive cells in the distal nephron suggesting its involvement in sodium and water handling. SIRT1 improves insulin resistance by reducing OS and regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function. It also decreases adiposity and lipogenesis and increases fatty acid oxidation. So, its involvement in the multiple pathways ensures its unique role in reproductive and metabolic derangement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Alam
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,PAPRSB Institute of Health Scienecs, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Hareem Syed
- Department of Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Amjad
- Department of Physiology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Han JC, Weiss R. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Disorders of Energy Balance. SPERLING PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2021:939-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Houfflyn S, Matthys C, Soubry A. Male Obesity: Epigenetic Origin and Effects in Sperm and Offspring. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:288-296. [PMID: 29387521 PMCID: PMC5768668 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially in the current generations of Western countries, and the burden of obesity-related complications has been growing steadily. In men, obesity is not only a major risk factor for serious chronic diseases, concern is growing that the reproductive capacity, and more particularly, their offspring's health may be affected. Obesity-related impaired spermatogenesis is associated with a decrease in microscopic and molecular sperm characteristics and pregnancy success. We hypothesize that epigenetics is an important mediator explaining interactions between an obesogenic environment and sperm/offspring outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have explored inter- and transgenerational epigenetic effects in sperm cells and in offspring. Father-to-child effects have been reported in relation to preconceptional nutritional and life-style related factors. SUMMARY Here, we summarize the current understanding about obesity and molecular or epigenetic underlying mechanisms in sperm. We identify the obesogenic environment of the father before conception as a potential origin of health or disease in the offspring and include it as part of a new concept, the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Houfflyn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Savino F, Sardo A, Montanari P, Galliano I, Di Stasio L, Bergallo M, Silvestro L. Polymorphisms in Lep and Lepr Genes in Infants: Correlation with Serum Leptin Values in the First 6 Months of Life. J Am Coll Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28628399 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1318723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because several studies indicate that polymorphisms in leptin (Lep) and leptin receptor (Lepr) genes play a central role in determining obesity, we analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Lep gene (Lep G2548A and A19G) and one in the Lepr gene (Lepr A668G) to verify the effect of the 3 SNPs on leptin concentrations in infancy. METHODS We enrolled 80 healthy Caucasian infants under 6 months of age, who were genotyped for the 3 SNPs with amplification refractory mutation system-mismatch amplification mutation assay (ARMS-MAMA) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum leptin values were measured with a radioimmunoassay method. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences between individually analyzed leptin polymorphisms Lep G2548A and A19G and serum leptin levels (p > 0.05). Because we found that Lep G2548A and A19G are in linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 7, we performed the haplotype analysis for Lep G2548A and Lep A19G. We obtained higher serum leptin levels in infants with the GG/GG haplotype (p < 0.05). Regarding receptor, we found higher leptin levels in GG-genotype infants for Lepr A668G (p < 0.001). Considering the 3 SNPs together, we found higher serum leptin values in GG/GG-GG infants (LepG2548A/A19G-Lepr A668G; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We obtained higher serum leptin levels in infants with the GG genotype for Lepr A668G, with haplotype GG/GG for Lep G2548A/A19G, and with GG/GG-GG (LepG2548A/A19G-Lepr A668G); thus, it seems that the genotype GG could be a protector against obesity development in infancy and adulthood. Moreover, these data confirm that not variations in the Lep gene as well as in the Lepr gene could play a role in weight gain. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of genetics and the environment in a predisposition toward obesity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- a Department of Pediatrics , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Allegra Sardo
- a Department of Pediatrics , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Paola Montanari
- b Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina , Turin , Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- b Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina , Turin , Italy
| | - Liliana Di Stasio
- c Department of Agricultural , Forest and Food Science, University of Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- b Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina , Turin , Italy
| | - Leandra Silvestro
- b Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina , Turin , Italy
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Qiao F, Longley KR, Feng S, Schnack S, Gao H, Li Y, Schlenker EH, Wang H. Reduced body weight gain in ubiquilin-1 transgenic mice is associated with increased expression of energy-sensing proteins. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13260. [PMID: 28420763 PMCID: PMC5408289 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin-like protein, is implicated in a variety of pathophysiological processes, but its role in mediating body weight gain or metabolism has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that global overexpression of Ubqln1 in a transgenic (Tg) mouse reduces the animal's body weight gain. The decreased body weight gain in Tg mice is associated with lower visceral fat content and higher metabolic rate. The Ubqln1 Tg mice exhibited reduced leptin and insulin levels as well as increased insulin sensitivity manifested by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Additionally, the reduced body weight in Tg mice was associated with the upregulation of two energy-sensing proteins, sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the hypothalamus and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the skeletal muscle. Consistent with the in vivo results, overexpression of Ubqln1 significantly increased SIRT1 and AMPK levels in the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell culture. Thus, our results not only establish the link between Ubqln1 and body weight regulation but also indicate that the metabolic function of Ubqln1 on body weight may be through regulating energy-sensing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qiao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Kirsty R Longley
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Shelley Feng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Sabrina Schnack
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Hongbo Gao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Yifan Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Evelyn H Schlenker
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lu CC, Ko YF, Tseng SF, Lai HC, Young JD. Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:149-160. [PMID: 27636731 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching global epidemic proportions as a result of factors such as high-calorie diets and lack of physical exercise. Obesity is now considered to be a medical condition, which not only contributes to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but also negatively affects longevity and quality of life. To combat this epidemic, anti-obesogenic approaches are required that are safe, widely available and inexpensive. Several plants and mushrooms that are consumed in traditional Chinese medicine or as nutraceuticals contain antioxidants, fibre and other phytochemicals, and have anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects through the modulation of diverse cellular and physiological pathways. These effects include appetite reduction, modulation of lipid absorption and metabolism, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, thermogenesis and changes in the gut microbiota. In this Review, we describe the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of these plants and mushrooms, and propose that combining these food items with existing anti-obesogenic approaches might help to reduce obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhong-Zheng Street, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, 201 Tung-Hua North Road, Taipei 10508, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Fu Tseng
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, 201 Tung-Hua North Road, Taipei 10508, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Rotter I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kosik-Bogacka D, Adler G, Rył A, Laszczyńska M. Relationships between FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 polymorphisms and the occurrence of selected metabolic and hormonal disorders in middle-aged and elderly men - a preliminary study. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1723-1732. [PMID: 27920511 PMCID: PMC5126003 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic disorders, including MetS, obesity, and lipid disorders, may be related to genetic factors. Metabolic disorders are associated with decreased TS levels in aging men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 polymorphisms and the presence of MetS and its components, the concurrent lipid disorders, as well as sex hormone concentrations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study involved 272 men of Caucasian descent aged 50-75 years. Lipid profile, including TCh, LDL, HDL, and TG, was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. Anthropometric measurements concerned WC and blood pressure. MetS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the IDF. Sex hormone profile, including TST, FTS, E2, DHEAS, and SHBG, was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polymorphisms within FTO, MC4R, and PPARγ genes were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism. RESULTS This study did not show links between the analyzed genetic polymorphisms and the presence of MetS, T2DM, HT, and obesity. However, higher concentrations of TCh and LDL were found in men with the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in the recessive mode of inheritance (P=0.03 and P=0.05, respectively). Lower WC was found to be associated with MC4R rs17782313 gene inherited in the same model (P=0.005). CONCLUSION FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 polymorphisms seem to have little effect on the incidence of metabolic malfunctions and no effect on androgen-related disorders in the examined middle-aged and elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Zaki ME, Amr K, Elkhouly AE, Hassan NAM. Genetic susceptibility for insulin resistance among Egyptian women. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:189-193. [PMID: 30647614 PMCID: PMC6299897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is recognized as the strongest predictor of obesity related traits such as insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the FTO rs17817449 genetic variant (G > T) polymorphism with risk of insulin resistance (IR) among Egyptian women. The variants in FTO rs17817449 were genotyped in 301 Egyptian women comprising two study groups, 150 women with IR and 151 healthy controls. The polymorphism of FTO rs17817449 was tested for association with IR. The frequencies of the FTO genotypes differed significantly between IR patients and healthy controls. Results revealed a significant association of TT genotype (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.38-3.92; p = .001) and T-allele (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-1.72; p .007) with IR. BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip and, body fat % were the highest in homozygotes TT genotype and the lowest in GG homozygotes in IR women but not observed in control subjects. Moreover, other abnormal metabolic risk parameters were significantly higher in TT carriers compared to GT and GG carriers in IR group. Association between FTO SNP (rs17817449) and IR was observed under recessive model. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that FTO rs17817449 may have an important role in development of IR in Egyptian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Errfan Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Khalda Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E. Elkhouly
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Kilic U, Gok O, Elibol-Can B, Ozgen IT, Erenberk U, Uysal O, Dundaroz MR. SIRT1 gene variants are related to risk of childhood obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:473-9. [PMID: 25233986 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction between genetic, psychological, physical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. SIRT1 gene has important effects on the regulation of adiponectin, caloric restriction, insulin sensitivity, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood obesity and SIRT1 gene polymorphisms regarding rs7895833 A > G in the promoter region, rs7069102 C > G in intron 4, and rs2273773 C > T in exon 5 using PCR-CTPP method in 120 obese and 120 normal weight children. In this study, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels were significantly higher and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in obese children compared to normal weight children. For rs7895833 A > G, the rate of having AG genotype and G allele was significantly higher in obese children compared to non-obese group (p < 0.001). The risk for obesity was increased by 1.9 times in G allele carriers; therefore, A allele may be protective against obesity. Both study groups had CT heterozygote genotype for rs2273773 C > T. There was no significant difference for rs7069102 C > G gene polymorphism between groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting an association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı, Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey,
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Weiss R, Lustig RH. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and disorders of energy balance. PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014:956-1014.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-4858-7.00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Is there any association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with obesity status and lipid profiles? Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Gene 2012; 509:282-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guzman-Ornelas MO, Chavarria-Avila E, Munoz-Valle JF, Armas-Ramos LE, Castro-Albarran J, Aldrete MEA, Oregon-Romero E, Mercado MVD, Navarro-Hernandez RE. Association of ADIPOQ +45T>G polymorphism with body fat mass and blood levels of soluble adiponectin and inflammation markers in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012; 5:369-78. [PMID: 23118546 PMCID: PMC3484511 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s35434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a disease with genetic susceptibility characterized by an increase in storage and irregular distribution of body fat. In obese patients, the decrease in the Adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) expression has been associated with a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between ADIPOQ +45T>G gene simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs2241766) with serum adiponectin (sAdiponectin), distribution of body fat storage, and inflammation markers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 242 individuals from Western Mexico characterized as Mexican-Mestizo and classified by body mass index (BMI), were included. Anthropometrics, body composition, body fat distribution, and inflammation markers were measured by routine methods. Genotypes were characterized using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and sAdiponectin by the ELISA method. A P-value <0.05 was considered the statistically significant threshold. RESULTS sAdiponectin is associated with BMI (P < 0.001) and the genotypes (P < 0.001 to 0.0046) GG (8169 ± 1162 ng/mL), TG (5189 ± 501 ng/mL), and TT (3741 ± 323 ng/mL), but the SNP ADIPOQ +45T>G is not associated with BMI. However, the detailed analysis showed association of this SNP with a pattern of fat distribution and correlations (P < 0.05) with inflammation markers and distribution of body fat storage (Pearson's r = -0.169 to -0.465) were found. CONCLUSION In this study, we have suggested that the ADIPOQ +45G allele could be associated with distribution of body fat storage in obesity. On the other hand, as no association was observed between ADIPOQ +45T>G gene polymorphism and obesity, it cannot be concluded that the ADIPOQ +45G allele is responsible for the increase of adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efrain Chavarria-Avila
- Biomedical Sciences Doctorate Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jose-Francisco Munoz-Valle
- Biomedical Sciences Doctorate Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Jorge Castro-Albarran
- Master of Human Nutrition Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- HMIELM, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Aguilar Aldrete
- Biomedical Sciences Doctorate Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Department of Public Health, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernandez
- Biomedical Sciences Doctorate Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Master of Human Nutrition Program, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Dattilo AM, Birch L, Krebs NF, Lake A, Taveras EM, Saavedra JM. Need for early interventions in the prevention of pediatric overweight: a review and upcoming directions. J Obes 2012; 2012:123023. [PMID: 22675610 PMCID: PMC3362946 DOI: 10.1155/2012/123023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is currently one of the most prevailing and challenging public health issues among industrialized countries and of international priority. The global prevalence of obesity poses such a serious concern that the World Health Organization (WHO) has described it as a "global epidemic." Recent literature suggests that the genesis of the problem occurs in the first years of life as feeding patterns, dietary habits, and parental feeding practices are established. Obesity prevention evidence points to specific dietary factors, such as the promotion of breastfeeding and appropriate introduction of nutritious complementary foods, but also calls for attention to parental feeding practices, awareness of appropriate responses to infant hunger and satiety cues, physical activity/inactivity behaviors, infant sleep duration, and family meals. Interventions that begin at birth, targeting multiple factors related to healthy growth, have not been adequately studied. Due to the overwhelming importance and global significance of excess weight within pediatric populations, this narrative review was undertaken to summarize factors associated with overweight and obesity among infants and toddlers, with focus on potentially modifiable risk factors beginning at birth, and to address the need for early intervention prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Dattilo
- Nestlé Nutrition, 12 Vreeland Road, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA
| | - Leann Birch
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University, S-211 Henderson South Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nancy F. Krebs
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Colorado Denver, Research Complex 2, Room 5025, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Box C225, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alan Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, 133 Brookline Avenue, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jose M. Saavedra
- Nestlé Nutrition, 12 Vreeland Road, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Miranda J, Lasa A, Fernández-Quintela A, García-Marzo C, Ayo J, Dentin R, Portillo MP. cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 and cis-9,trans-13,cis-15 CLNA mixture activates PPARα in HEK293 and reduces triacylglycerols in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipids 2011; 46:1005-12. [PMID: 21984112 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research is constantly working to find new molecules that are effective in preventing excessive accumulation of body fat. The aim of the present work was to assess the potential agonism on PPARα and PPARγ of a conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomer mixture, consisting of two CLNA isomers (cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 and cis-9,trans-13,cis-15). Secondly, we aimed to analyze the effects of this mixture on triacylglycerol accumulation in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Luciferase transactivation assay was used to analyze whether the CLNA mixture activated PPARs. The expression of several enzymes and transcriptional factors involved in the main metabolic pathways that control triacylglycerol accumulation in adipocytes was assessed by real time RT-PCR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated for 20 h with the CLNA mixture. The mixture activated PPRE in cells with PPARα receptor over-expression, but not those with PPARγ over-expression. Decreased triacylglycerol was found in treated adipocytes. The lowest dose (10 μM) increased HSL expression and the highest dose (100 μM) increased ATGL gene expression. The other genes analyzed remained unchanged. The hypothesis of an anti-obesity action of the analyzed CLNA mixture, based on increased lipid mobilization in adipose tissue, can be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Miranda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
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Voruganti VS, Diego VP, Haack K, Cole SA, Blangero J, Göring HHH, Laston S, Wenger CR, Ebbesson SOE, Fabsitz RR, Devereux RB, Howard BV, Umans JG, MacCluer JW, Comuzzie AG. A QTL for genotype by sex interaction for anthropometric measurements in Alaskan Eskimos (GOCADAN Study) on chromosome 19q12-13. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1840-6. [PMID: 21527897 PMCID: PMC3525327 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Variation in anthropometric measurements due to sexual dimorphism can be the result of genotype by sex interactions (G×S). The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific genetic architecture in anthropometric measurements in Alaskan Eskimos from the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study. Maximum likelihood-based variance components decomposition methods, implemented in SOLAR, were used for G×S analyses. Anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist/height ratio, percent body fat (%BF), and subscapular and triceps skinfolds. Except for WC, mean values of all phenotypes were significantly different in men and women (P < 0.05). All anthropometric measures were significantly heritable (P < 0.001). In a preliminary analysis not allowing for G×S interaction, evidence of linkage was detected between markers D19S414 and D19S220 on chromosome 19 for WC (logarithm of odds (lod) = 3.5), %BF (lod = 1.7), BMI (lod = 2.4), waist/height ratio (lod = 2.5), subscapular (lod = 2.1), and triceps skinfolds (lod = 1.9). In subsequent analyses which allowed for G×S interaction, linkage was again found between these traits and the same two markers on chromosome 19 with significantly improved lod scores for: WC (lod = 4.5), %BF (lod = 3.8), BMI (lod = 3.5), waist/height ratio (lod = 3.2), subscapular (lod = 3.0), and triceps skinfolds (lod = 2.9). These results support the evidence of a G×S interaction in the expression of genetic effects resulting in sexual dimorphism in anthropometric phenotypes and identify the chromosome 19q12-13 region as important for adiposity-related traits in Alaskan Eskimos.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Stubbs J, Whybrow S, Teixeira P, Blundell J, Lawton C, Westenhoefer J, Engel D, Shepherd R, McConnon A, Gilbert P, Raats M. Problems in identifying predictors and correlates of weight loss and maintenance: implications for weight control therapies based on behaviour change. Obes Rev 2011; 12:688-708. [PMID: 21535362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Weight management is a dynamic process, with a pre-treatment phase, a treatment (including process) phase and post-treatment maintenance, and where relapse is possible during both the treatment and maintenance. Variability in the statistical power of the studies concerned, heterogeneity in the definitions, the complexity of obesity and treatment success, the constructs and measures used to predict weight loss and maintenance, and an appreciation of who and how many people achieve it, make prediction difficult. In models of weight loss or maintenance: (i) predictors explain up to 20-30% of the variance; (ii) many predictors are the sum of several small constituent variables, each accounting for a smaller proportion of the variance; (iii) correlational or predictive relationships differ across study populations; (iv) inter-individual variability in predictors and correlates of outcomes is high and (v) most of the variance remains unexplained. Greater standardization of predictive constructs and outcome measures, in more clearly defined study populations, tracked longitudinally, is needed to better predict who sustains weight loss. Treatments need to develop a more individualized approach that is sensitive to patients' needs and individual differences, which requires measuring and predicting patterns of intra-individual behaviour variations associated weight loss and its maintenance. This information will help people shape behaviour change solutions to their own lifestyle needs.
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Gray SB, Langefeld CD, Ziegler JT, Hawkins GA, Wagner JD, Howard TD. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the TNF gene are associated with obesity-related phenotypes in vervet monkeys. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1427-32. [PMID: 21331060 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been extensively characterized in humans, with numerous reports of associations with obesity-related phenotypes as well an array of infectious, immune-mediated, and inflammatory disease phenotypes. Controlling for the multitude of environmental risk factors in human studies has been a major confounder of efforts to elucidate the role and relative contribution of TNF promoter SNPs. As part of an ongoing initiative to further genetically and phenotypically characterize the St Kitts-origin vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops ssp.) as an animal model of human obesity, we have conducted association analyses between TNF SNPs and previously defined obesity-related phenotypes in 265 pedigreed vervets. We report eight SNPs (-809G, -756A, -352C, -322A, +1285T, +2133T, +2362A, +2405), all contained within the same haplotype block and comprising a single haplotype, to be significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference, total plasma cholesterol (P < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.01). This study provides additional validation of the St Kitts-origin vervet model of obesity by demonstrating genetic associations analogous to that shown in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton B Gray
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Giblin L, Butler ST, Kearney BM, Waters SM, Callanan MJ, Berry DP. Association of bovine leptin polymorphisms with energy output and energy storage traits in progeny tested Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle sires. BMC Genet 2010; 11:73. [PMID: 20670403 PMCID: PMC2920856 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin modulates appetite, energy expenditure and the reproductive axis by signalling via its receptor the status of body energy stores to the brain. The present study aimed to quantify the associations between 10 novel and known single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for leptin and leptin receptor with performance traits in 848 Holstein-Friesian sires, estimated from performance of up to 43,117 daughter-parity records per sire. Results All single nucleotide polymorphisms were segregating in this sample population and none deviated (P > 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Complete linkage disequilibrium existed between the novel polymorphism LEP-1609, and the previously identified polymorphisms LEP-1457 and LEP-580. LEP-2470 associated (P < 0.05) with milk protein concentration and calf perinatal mortality. It had a tendency to associate with milk yield (P < 0.1). The G allele of LEP-1238 was associated (P < 0.05) with reduced milk fat concentration, reduced milk protein concentration, longer gestation length and tended to associate (P < 0.1) with an increase in calving difficulty, calf perinatal mortality and somatic cells in the milk. LEP-963 exhibited an association (P < 0.05) with milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration, calving difficulty and gestation length. It also tended to associate with milk yield (P < 0.1). The R25C SNP associated (P < 0.05) with milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration, calving difficulty and length of gestation. The T allele of the Y7F SNP significantly associated with reduced angularity (P < 0.01) and reduced milk protein yield (P < 0.05). There was also a tendency (P < 0.1) for Y7F to associate with increased body condition score, reduced milk yield and shorter gestation (P < 0.1). A80V associated with reduced survival in the herd (P < 0.05). Conclusions Several leptin polymorphisms (LEP-2470, LEP-1238, LEP-963, Y7F and R25C) associated with the energetically expensive process of lactogenesis. Only SNP Y7F associated with energy storage. Associations were also observed between leptin polymorphisms and calving difficulty, gestation length and calf perinatal mortality. The lack of an association between the leptin variants investigated with calving interval in this large data set would question the potential importance of these leptin variants, or indeed leptin, in selection for improved fertility in the Holstein-Friesian dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Effect of parental overweight and serum leptin levels on the manifestation of overweight in 7-year-old Korean children. Public Health Nutr 2009; 13:384-92. [PMID: 19943998 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009992114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between children and their parents in terms of various anthropometric parameters and obesity-related hormone levels and to identify early indicators for child obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Urban areas of Korea in 2005. SUBJECTS A total 124 families with 7-year-old children participated. Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data and information concerning the children's lifestyles, dietary habits and parental and grandparental weight status were obtained. RESULTS The mean values for all anthropometric parameters were greater in overweight children than in children of normal weight. Very close relationships existed between the anthropometric parameters of children and their parents. Children with two overweight parents showed the highest odds for being overweight (OR 7.62). The strong relationship between overweight children and grandparental and parental overweight, especially on the maternal side, suggests gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of body weight. We also noted a greater risk of being overweight in children with a parent with high serum leptin level. CONCLUSIONS Grandparental and parental weight status and parental serum leptin levels enable us to identify childhood obesity at an early age and may help to counter the current epidemic of adult obesity.
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Hubacek JA, Pitha J, Adamkova V, Lanska V, Poledne R. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index in males and postmenopausal females but not in premenopausal females. Czech post-MONICA and 3PMFs studies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:387-90. [PMID: 19278366 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the role of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene in obesity development was described in Western European, but not in Oceanic, cohorts. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the FTO single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with body mass index (BMI) in the Slavic population and to analyze if there could be sex-specific effects of the SNP on BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and lipid parameters. METHODS We analyzed three large population-based samples comprising the post-MONICA study (1191 males, 1368 females) and the 3PMFs study (908 females). RESULTS FTO rs17817449 SNP was related to BMI in males (p=0.014). In the females from both the post-MONICA and the 3PMFs study, FTO had no effect on BMI. Sub-analysis of females from the 3PMFs study demonstrated that FTO had an effect on BMI in postmenopausal females (p=0.035) but not in premenopausal females (follicle-stimulating hormone <40 U/L was used as marker of premenopausal status). WHR and lipid parameters were not associated with FTO in any of the analyzed groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the effect of FTO SNP rs17817449 may be, in some populations at least, restricted to males and postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Yurtcu E, Yilmaz A, Ozkurt Z, Kolukisa E, Yilmaz M, Keles H, Ergun MA, Yetkin I, Menevse A. Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Patients. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:295-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deram S, Nicolau CY, Perez-Martinez P, Guazzelli I, Halpern A, Wajchenberg BL, Ordovas JM, Villares SM. Effects of perilipin (PLIN) gene variation on metabolic syndrome risk and weight loss in obese children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:4933-40. [PMID: 18812483 PMCID: PMC2626445 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genetic polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus have been investigated for their potential utility as markers for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined in obese children and adolescents (OCA) aged 7-14 yr the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the PLIN locus with anthropometric, metabolic traits, and weight loss after 20-wk multidisciplinary behavioral and nutritional treatment without medication. DESIGN A total of 234 OCA [body mass index (BMI = 30.4 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2); BMI Z-score = 2.31 +/- 0.4) were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. We genotyped four SNPs (PLIN1 6209T-->C, PLIN4 11482G-->A, PLIN5 13041A-->G, and PLIN6 14995A-->T). RESULTS Allele frequencies were similar to other populations, PLIN1 and PLIN4 were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.999; P < 0.001). At baseline, no anthropometric differences were observed, but minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with higher triglycerides (111 +/- 49 vs. 94 +/- 42 mg/dl; P = 0.003), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40 +/- 9 vs. 44 +/- 10 mg/dl; P = 0.003) and higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (4.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.1; P = 0.015). Minor allele A at PLIN4 was associated with MS risk (age and sex adjusted) hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.9) for genotype GA and 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-9.9) for AA. After intervention, subjects carrying minor allele T at PLIN6 had increased weight loss (3.3 +/- 3.7 vs. 1.9 +/- 3.4 kg; P = 0.002) and increased loss of the BMI Z-score (0.23 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.15; P = 0.003). Due to group size, risk of by-chance findings cannot be excluded. CONCLUSION The minor A allele at PLIN4 was associated with higher risk of MS at baseline, whereas the PLIN6 SNP was associated with better weight loss, suggesting that these polymorphisms may predict outcome strategies based on multidisciplinary treatment for OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deram
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Metabolic Disease-LIM-25 of HC-FMUSP, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 455, Room 4305, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, CEP 01246-903.
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Hubacek JA, Bohuslavova R, Kuthanova L, Kubinova R, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Marmot MG, Bobak M. The FTO gene and obesity in a large Eastern European population sample: the HAPIEE study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2764-6. [PMID: 18833210 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the FTO (oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylase) gene have been associated with the BMI determination in Western European and North American populations. To widen the geographical coverage of the FTO studies, we have analyzed the association between the FTO gene variant rs17817449 (G>C) and obesity in a Slavic Eastern European population. A total of 3,079 males and 3,602 females 45-69 years old were randomly selected from population registers of seven Czech cities. We examined three indices of obesity: BMI (kg/m(2)), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The FTO rs17817449 variant was significantly associated with BMI both in males (GG 28.7 +/- 4.1; GT 28.3 +/- 3.9; TT 28.0 +/- 3.9; P = 0.003) and females (GG 28.7 +/- 5.2; GT 28.2 +/- 5.1; TT 27.2 +/- 4.9; P < 0.001); the associations were not affected by adjustment for age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. The FTO variant was also associated with waist circumference (difference between GG and TT was 1.1 cm (P = 0.043) in men and 2.4 cm (P < 0.001) in women) but this relationship disappeared after adjustment for BMI. Similarly, BMI explained the weak association of FTO with WHR and C-reactive protein. FTO was not associated with plasma total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, and blood pressure. These results confirm that in a Slavic population the FTO variant is strongly associated with BMI but not with other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tucker K, Overton JM, Fadool DA. Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion alters longevity and reduces adiposity by increasing locomotion and metabolism in melanocortin-4 receptor-null mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1222-32. [PMID: 18542083 PMCID: PMC2737548 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene-targeted deletion of the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3, results in 'super-smeller' mice that have altered firing patterns of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, modified axonal targeting to glomerular synaptic units, and behaviorally have an increased ability to detect and discriminate odors. Moreover, the Kv1.3-null mice weighed less than their wild-type counterparts, have modified ingestive behaviors, and are resistant to fat deposition following a moderately high-fat dietary regime. In this study, we investigate whether or not gene-targeted deletion of Kv1.3 (Shaker family member) can abrogate weight gain in a genetic model of obesity, the melanocortin-4 receptor-null mouse (MC4R-null). DESIGN Mice with double gene-targeted deletions of Kv1.3 and MC4R were generated by interbreeding Kv1.3 (Kv)- and MC4R-null mouse lines to homozygosity. Developmental weights, nose to anus length, fat pad weight, fasting serum chemistry, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide respiration, locomotor activity and caloric intake were monitored in control, Kv-null, MC4R-null and Kv/MC4R-null mice. Physiological and metabolic profiles were acquired at postnatal day 60 (P60) in order to explore changes linked to body weight at the reported onset of obesity in the MC4R-null model. RESULTS Gene-targeted deletion of Kv1.3 in MC4R-null mice reduces body weight by decreasing fat deposition and subsequent fasting leptin levels, without changing the overall growth, fasting blood glucose or serum insulin. Gene-targeted deletion of Kv1.3 in MC4R-null mice significantly extended lifespan and increased reproductive success. Basal or light-phase mass-specific metabolic rate and locomotor activity were not affected by genetic deletion of Kv1.3 in MC4R-null mice but dark-phase locomotor activity and mass-specific metabolism were significantly increased resulting in increased total energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Gene-targeted deletion of Kv1.3 can reduce adiposity and total body weight in a genetic model of obesity by increasing both locomotor activity and mass-specific metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tucker
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - JM Overton
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - DA Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Ciullo M, Nutile T, Dalmasso C, Sorice R, Bellenguez C, Colonna V, Persico MG, Bourgain C. Identification and replication of a novel obesity locus on chromosome 1q24 in isolated populations of Cilento. Diabetes 2008; 57:783-90. [PMID: 18162505 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a complex trait with a variety of genetic susceptibility variants. Several loci linked to obesity and/or obesity-related traits have been identified, and relatively few regions have been replicated. Studying isolated populations can be a useful approach to identify rare variants that will not be detected with whole-genome association studies in large populations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Random individuals were sampled from Campora, an isolated village of the Cilento area in South Italy, phenotyped for BMI, and genotyped using a dense microsatellite marker map. An efficient pedigree-breaking strategy was applied to perform genome-wide linkage analyses of both BMI and obesity. Significance was assessed with ad hoc simulations for the two traits and with an original local false discovery rate approach to quantitative trait linkage analysis for BMI. A genealogy-corrected association test was performed for a single nucleotide polymorphism located in one of the linkage regions. A replication study was conducted in the neighboring village of Gioi. RESULTS A new locus on chr1q24 significantly linked to BMI was identified in Campora. Linkage at the same locus is suggested with obesity. Three additional loci linked to BMI were also detected, including the locus including the INSIG2 gene region. No evidence of association between the rs7566605 variant and BMI or obesity was found. In Gioi, the linkage on chr1q24 was replicated with both BMI and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results confirm that successful linkage studies can be accomplished in these populations both to replicate known linkages and to identify novel quantitative trait linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Although it appeared relatively suddenly, the current obesity epidemic - largely manifest in industrialized societies but now spreading to the rest of the world - is the result of interaction between human biology and human culture over the long period of human evolution. As mammals and primates, humans have the capacity to store body fat when opportunities to consume excess energy arise. But during the millions of years of human evolution such opportunities were rare and transient. More commonly ancestral hominins and modern humans were confronted with food scarcity and had to engage in high levels of physical activity. In tandem with encephalization, humans evolved elaborate and complex genetic and physiological systems to protect against starvation and defend stored body fat. They also devised technological aids for increasing energy consumption and reducing physical effort. In the last century, industrialization provided access to great quantities of mass-produced, high-calorie foods and many labour-saving and transportation devices, virtually abolishing starvation and heavy manual work. In the modern obesogenic environment, individuals possessing the appropriate combination of ancestral energy-conserving genes are at greater risk for overweight and obesity and associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellisari
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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Pigeyre M, Romon M. Obésités génétiques. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2007; 68:430-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a protracted period of time. The energy expenditure associated with everyday activity is called NEAT (Nonexercise activity thermogenesis). NEAT varies between two people of similar size by 2000 kcal day(-1) because of people's different occupations and leisure-time activities. Data support the central hypothesis that NEAT is pivotal in the regulation of human energy expenditure and body weight regulation and that NEAT is important for understanding the cause and effective treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Levine
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 5590, USA.
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