1
|
Karim AB, Young SD, Hawrami KAM, Bailey EH. Iodine and selenium: Dietary sources and nutritional status of the population of the Kurdistan Region in Northern Iraq. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127495. [PMID: 39018676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM The primary aim of this study was to determine the selenium (Se) and iodine (I) food concentrations and dietary intake of the population living in the Kurdish controlled region of northern Iraq. We also assessed the extent to which iodised salt contributes to dietary iodine intake. METHODOLOGY Foods and samples of salt and drinking water were analysed, including 300 crops samples from 40 local farms. The results, supplemented by food composition data, were used to assess dietary Se and I intake for 410 volunteers using a semi-quantitative food questionnaire. To directly investigate the nutritional status of individuals, urine samples were also collected from participants. RESULTS Selenium intake was mainly supplied by protein and cereal sources. Calculated median dietary intake of Se was 62.7 µg d-1 (mean = 66.3 µg d-1) with c. 72 % of participants meeting or exceeding dietary reference intake recommendations for age. Median dietary intake of I, excluding salt consumption, was 94.6 µg d-1 (mean 100.2 µg d-1), increasing to 607.2 µg d-1 when salt (of which >90 % was iodized) was included. Salt intake was estimated to be c.13.5 g d-1 (5400 mg Na d-1) which greatly exceeds WHO recommended intake (< 2000 mg d-1 of Na). Urine iodine concentrations indicated that 98 % of school aged children had excessive iodine intake (≥300 µg L-1) and 80-90 % of all study participants had above average or excessive iodine intake (≥200 µg L-1). CONCLUSIONS Poultry and rice are the main sources of dietary Se to this population but around a third of children receive an inadequate Se intake. Fresh fruit and vegetables are the main sources of dietary I, but consumption of local foods cannot supply adequate I without iodised salt supplementation. Consumption of iodized salt well above recommended amounts is supplying this population with substantial iodine intake. Interventions to reduce salt intake would help to limit excessive iodine intake whilst also reducing cardio-vascular risks from Na consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Karim
- College of Applied Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Gateway Building, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - K A M Hawrami
- Technical Institute of Halabja, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Gateway Building, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doh H, Lee MH. Total Iodine Quantification and In Vitro Bioavailability Study in Abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai) Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2024; 13:1400. [PMID: 38731770 PMCID: PMC11083789 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the total iodine content in Korean abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and to investigate the bioavailability of iodine using an in vitro method. This research paper focuses on total iodine quantification in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and its components (viscera and muscle) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, an in vitro bioavailability study explored iodine absorption potential. Abalone pretreatment involved both the European standard method (ES) and microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE). The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.11 ng/g for both ES and MAE, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.4 ng/g for MAE. Accuracy, assessed using a reference material (fish muscle, ERM-BB422), showed values of 1.5 ± 0.010 mg/kg for ES and 1.6 ± 0.066 mg/kg for MAE, within an acceptable range of 1.4 ± 0.42 mg/kg. Precision, evaluated using the Horwitz ratio (HorRat) with a reference material, was determined to be 0.45 for ES and 0.27 for MAE. Therefore, total iodine contents were estimated as 74 ± 2.2 µg/g for abalone viscera and 17 ± 0.77 µg/g for abalone muscle with ES, and 76 ± 1.0 µg/g for abalone viscera and 17 ± 0.51 µg/g for abalone muscle with MAE. Recovery tests demonstrated an acceptable range of 90-110%. In the in vitro bioavailability assessment, digestion efficiency yielded ranges of 42-50.2% for viscera and 67-115% for muscle. Absorption efficiency variations were determined as 37-43% for viscera and 48-75% for muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Doh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Hyeock Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morabbi A, Karimian M. Trace and essential elements as vital components to improve the performance of the male reproductive system: Implications in cell signaling pathways. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127403. [PMID: 38340548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Successful male fertilization requires the main processes such as normal spermatogenesis, sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction. The progress of these processes depends on some endogenous and exogenous factors. So, the optimal level of ions and essential and rare elements such as selenium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, and so on in various types of cells of the reproductive system could affect conception and male fertility rates. The function of trace elements in the male reproductive system could be exerted through some cellular and molecular processes, such as the management of active oxygen species, involvement in the action of membrane channels, regulation of enzyme activity, regulation of gene expression and hormone levels, and modulation of signaling cascades. In this review, we aim to summarize the available evidence on the role of trace elements in improving male reproductive performance. Also, special attention is paid to the cellular aspects and the involved molecular signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Morabbi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu H, Chen P, Ding X, Zhao Y. Relationship Between Urinary Iodine Concentration and the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:368-372. [PMID: 38447949 DOI: 10.1055/a-2258-8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the iodine intake in the resident population in Xi'an and analyze the relationship between iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules (TNs). A total of 2507 people were enrolled in Xi'an. Venous serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid ultrasonography were collected. Patients with abnormal TSH were checked for free thyroxine (FT4) and triiodothyronine (FT3). Adults in Xi'an had median UICs of 220.80 μg/L and 178.56 μg/l, respectively. A sum of 16.78% of people had subclinical hypothyroidism. Both iodine excess and iodine deficit increased the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism. The lowest was around 15.09% in females with urine iodine levels between 200 and 299 μg/l. With a rate of 10.69%, the lowest prevalence range for males was 100-199 μg/l. In Xi'an, 11.37% of people have TNs. In comparison to other UIC categories, TN occurrences were higher in females (18.5%) and males (12%) when UIC were below 100 μg/l. In conclusion, iodine intake was sufficient in the Xi'an area, while the adults' UIC remains slightly higher than the criteria. Iodine excess or deficiency can lead to an increase in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients with iodine deficiency are more likely to develop TNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhao N, Meng H, Zhang Z, Song Y, Shan L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Sang Z. Chronic Excess Iodine Intake Inhibits Bone Reconstruction Leading to Osteoporosis in Rats. J Nutr 2024; 154:1209-1218. [PMID: 38342405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although iodine modulates bone metabolism in the treatment of thyroid disease, the effect of iodine intake on bone metabolism remains less known. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of excess iodine intake in rats on bone reconstruction in the 6th and 12th month of intervention. METHOD Rats were treated with different doses of iodinated water: the normal group (NI, 6.15 μg/d), 5-fold high iodine group (5HI, 30.75 μg/d), 10-fold high iodine group (10HI, 61.5 μg/d), 50-fold high iodine group (50HI, 307.5 μg/d), and 100-fold high iodine group (100HI, 615 μg/d). Thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Morphometry and microstructure of bone trabecula were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and microcomputed tomography, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were performed to evaluate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. RESULTS The 24-h urine iodine concentration increased with iodine intake. The rats in the HI groups had higher serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and decreased serum free thyroxine concentrations in the 12th month than the NI group (all P < 0.05). The percentage of the trabecular bone area and osteoblast perimeter in the 100HI group were significantly lower than those in the NI group (P < 0.05). Increased structure model index was observed in the 50HI and 100HI groups compared with the NI group in the 6th month and increased trabecular separation in the 12th month (all P < 0.05). ALP and TRAP staining revealed osteoblastic bone formation was reduced, and the number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells decreased with increasing iodine intake. CONCLUSIONS Excess iodine intake may increase the risk of hypothyroidism in rats. Chronic excess iodine intake can lead to abnormal changes in skeletal structure, resulting in reduced activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which inhibits the process of bone reconstruction and may lead to osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hand Microsurgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haohao Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine Specialty, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongna Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Shang F, Liu C, Zhai X. The correlation between iodine and metabolism: a review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346452. [PMID: 38567251 PMCID: PMC10985161 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Iodine is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and plays a crucial role in human life. Both iodine deficiency and excess are common issues in certain populations. Iodine also has extrathyroidal effects on organs that can uptake it independently of thyroid hormones. Recently, multiple clinical studies have shown a connection between iodine intake and metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent, and the mechanisms behind these associations are still not well understood. Therefore, in this review, we aim to examine the recent research progress regarding the relationship between iodine and metabolic disorders, along with the relevant mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjian Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu S, Li F, Cai Y, Ren L, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella: emerging protectors against Graves' disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1288222. [PMID: 38404289 PMCID: PMC10884117 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1288222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Numerous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in the development of thyroid disorders. This study employs Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in GD patients, aiming to offer novel insights into the etiology and treatment of Graves' disease. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess the causal relationship between Graves' disease and the gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota data were sourced from the international consortium MiBioGen, while Graves' disease data were obtained from FINNGEN. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Multiple analysis methods, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-RAPS, were utilized. Sensitivity analyses were conducted employing MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis as quality control measures. Results The Mendelian randomization study conducted in a European population revealed a decreased risk of Graves' disease associated with Bacteroidaceae (Odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.89 [0.89 ~ 0.90], adjusted P value: <0.001), Bacteroides (OR: [95% CI]: 0.555 [0.437 ~ 0.706], adjusted P value: <0.001), and Veillonella (OR [95% CI]: 0.632 [0.492 ~ 0.811], adjusted P value: 0.016). No significant evidence of heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy was detected. Furthermore, the preliminary MR analysis identified 13 bacterial species including Eubacterium brachy group and Family XIII AD3011 group, exhibiting significant associations with Graves' disease onset, suggesting potential causal effects. Conclusion A causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and Graves' disease. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella emerge as protective factors against Graves' disease development. Prospective probiotic supplementation may offer a novel avenue for adjunctive treatment in the management of Graves' disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eveleigh ER, Coneyworth L, Welham SJM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of iodine nutrition in modern vegan and vegetarian diets. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1580-1594. [PMID: 36912094 PMCID: PMC10551477 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Vegan and vegetarian diets are widely supported and adopted, but individuals following such diets remain at greater risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in the modern day. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted from October 2020 to December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidance. Studies were identified in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Eleven articles were eligible for review containing 4421 adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Vegan groups had the lowest median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) (12·2/l). None of the dietary groups had mUIC within the optimal range for iodine status (100-200 µg/l) (WHO). Vegan diets had the poorest iodine intake (17·3 µg/d) and were strongly associated with lower iodine intake (P = < 0·001) compared with omnivorous diets. Lower intake in vegan diets was influenced by sex (P = 0·007), the presence of voluntary or absence of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) programmes (P = 0·01 & P = < 0·001), and living in a country with adequate iodine nutrition (P = < 0·001). Vegetarians and particularly vegans living in countries with no current USI programme continue to have increased risk of low iodine status, iodine deficiency and inadequate iodine intake. Further research into the usefulness of mandatory fortification of vegan appropriate foods is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rose Eveleigh
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lisa Coneyworth
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Simon J. M. Welham
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gong B, Wang X, Wang C, Yang W, Shan Z, Lai Y. Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction: a scientometric study and visualization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1239038. [PMID: 37800143 PMCID: PMC10548383 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1239038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Iodine is essential in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency is associated with serious complications (i.e miscarriage and stillbirth), whereas excess can cause thyroid dysfunction (i.e hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity). We conducted this scientometric study to visualize hot spots and trends in iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction over past two decades. The aim of this paper was to help scholars quickly understand the development and potential trend in this field, and guide future research directions. Methods Articles on iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) using the following search terms: (((((TS=(hypothyroid*)) OR TS=(hyperthyroid*)) OR TS= ("TSH deficiency")) OR TS= ("thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency")) AND TS=(Iodine)) NOT TS=(radioiodine). Only publications in English were selected. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Tableau, Carrot2, and R software were used to analyze the contribution and co-occurrence relationships of different countries, institutes, keywords, references, and journals. Results A total of 2986 publications from 115 countries and 3412 research institutions were included. From 2000 to 2022, research on iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction progressed over a three-stage development period: initial development (2000-2009), stable development (2010-2016), and rapid development (2016-2022) period. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism had the most co-citations followed and China Medical University (n=76) had the most publications. The top three clusters of co-citation references were isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and brain development. Various scientific methods were applied to reveal acknowledge structure, development trend and research hotspots in iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion Our scientometric analysis shows that investigations related to pregnant women, epidemiology surveys, and iodine deficiency are promising topics for future iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction research and highlights the important role of iodine on thyroid function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaxin Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan W, Cao Y, Gu F, Gao Y, Liao H, Li Z, Yu J, Niu F. Interaction between potassium iodide and bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and lysozyme under different temperature induction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125923. [PMID: 37482161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between potassium iodide and protein molecules under different temperature induction was studied, taking potassium iodide (KI) and protein molecules as a model system. The effects of KI on protein conformation, size, surface charge, binding constant, and binding site were analyzed by fluorescence spectrum, infrared spectrum, and diffusing wave spectroscopy. The results revealed that bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ovalbumin (OVA) and I-1 formed the 1: 1 complex and significantly affected the hydrodynamic radius and spatial structure. This could be attributed to the exposure of tyrosine residues inside the proteins to the polar conditions under increased temperature. The unfolding of protein structures induced the interaction between KI/KCl and proteins. As for BSA and OVA, the particle size and surface charge of the complex increased significantly in the presence of KI/KCl. KI had a strong static quenching effect on the fluorescence of BSA and OVA. Overall, these results provide insights into the physiological effects of iodine ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Pan
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanren Cao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feina Gu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huabin Liao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fuge Niu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koeppel DR, Boehm IB. Shortage of iodinated contrast media: Status and possible chances - A systematic review. Eur J Radiol 2023; 164:110853. [PMID: 37156181 PMCID: PMC10155429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Covid-19 related lockdowns have resulted in a shortage of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in 2022. Health care providers have reacted with implementing conservation strategies to stay operational without compromising patient care. Although articles describing the implemented Interventions have been published, possible chances of the shortage have not yet been mentioned in the literature. METHODS We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar, and analysed the background, interventions, and possible benefits of low-dose ICM regimens. RESULTS We included 22 articles dealing with "ICM shortage" for the analysis. The delivery bottlenecks in the USA and Australia led to two different countermeasures, 1. reduction of the number of contrast-enhanced image-guided examinations and 2. reduction of the (single) ICM dose. Interventions from both groups have resulted in significant reduction of ICM usage; however, group 1 has contributed more to overall ICM reduction. As benefit of the ICM reduction, we revealed an increased safety for patients at risk (e.g. hypersensitivity reactions, contrast-induced acute kidney injury, thyroid toxic effects). CONCLUSION The ICM shortage of 2022 has forced health care providers to implement conservation strategies to stay operational. Although there were already proposals for dose reduction before the corona pandemic and the associated supply bottlenecks, this situation led to the use of a reduced amount of contrast agent on a large scale. This presents a good opportunity to reconsider protocols and the use of contrast-enhanced imaging in general for future practice as it offers chances and advantages regarding costs, environmental impact, and patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Koeppel
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid B Boehm
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beverly J, Pigott A, Puzio CE, Rivera M. Long-term survival in a dog with probable thyroid storm. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7437. [PMID: 37266347 PMCID: PMC10229745 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening endocrine emergency that may occur in dogs. With rapid identification and early aggressive therapy, long-term survival is possible. Abstract The aim of this paper was to describe the successful emergency management and long-term survival of a dog with probable thyroid storm. We present proposed guidelines for the characterization of thyroid storm in dogs, and treatment considerations as utilized for this patient. A 6-year-old female spayed German Shepherd Dog was presented to a multispecialty center for radiation planning and treatment of a previously diagnosed nonresectable functional thyroid carcinoma. Recovering from anesthesia, the patient developed clinical features that would qualify as thyroid storm using human metrics. The patient improved with aggressive treatment of thyroid storm, extrapolating from human and feline recommendations. This is the first known report of long-term survival in a canine with suspected thyroid storm. The crisis was effectively identified and emergently treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Beverly
- Department of Clinical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Armi Pigott
- Department of Clinical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Durma AD, Saracyn M, Zegadło A, Kamiński G. Utility of non-contrast Dual Energy Computed Tomography in diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer - two case study. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 37072868 PMCID: PMC10114424 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) is a technology that allows for viewing computed tomography spectral images. This method, due to ability of presenting specific elements and substances (like water, calcium and iodine), can be used to locate selected type of tissues. Thyroid tissue due to being rich in endogenous iodine, can be located even without administration of contrast agent. CASE PRESENTATION In presented cases authors used a feature of accumulating endogenous iodine in thyroid derivative tissue for diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer metastases. In Patient One DECT was a decisive parameter qualifying for the surgery. Due to use of DECT in Patient Two it was possible to directly localize thyroid cancer metastases, which was unfeasible using standard techniques (scintigraphy and [18 F]FDG PET/CT). It helped to perform targeted biopsy and confirm diagnosis of thyroid cancer metastases, allowing to introduce treatment with sorafenibe. CONCLUSION DECT confirmed its utility in locating thyroid tissues, including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) metastases. The method could be used in the future, especially in borderline or ambiguous cases with no localization of DTC in ultrasonography, RAI scintigraphy, or [18 F]FDG PET/CT, and among patients having contraindications for contrast-CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Daniel Durma
- Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Saracyn
- Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Zegadło
- Department of Medical Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kamiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Xu Z, Pan Q, Ma L. Casein kinase 1 gamma regulates oxidative stress response via interacting with the NADPH dual oxidase complex. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010740. [PMID: 37099597 PMCID: PMC10166522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress response is a fundamental biological process mediated by conserved mechanisms. The identities and functions of some key regulators remain unknown. Here, we report a novel role of C. elegans casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 (also known as CK1γ or CSNK1G) in regulating oxidative stress response and ROS levels. csnk-1 interacted with the bli-3/tsp-15/doxa-1 NADPH dual oxidase genes via genetic nonallelic noncomplementation to affect C. elegans survival in oxidative stress. The genetic interaction was supported by specific biochemical interactions between DOXA-1 and CSNK-1 and potentially between their human orthologs DUOXA2 and CSNK1G2. Consistently, CSNK-1 was required for normal ROS levels in C. elegans. CSNK1G2 and DUOXA2 each can promote ROS levels in human cells, effects that were suppressed by a small molecule casein kinase 1 inhibitor. We also detected genetic interactions between csnk-1 and skn-1 Nrf2 in oxidative stress response. Together, we propose that CSNK-1 CSNK1G defines a novel conserved regulatory mechanism for ROS homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novakova G, Bonev P, Duro M, Azevedo R, Couto C, Pinto E, Almeida A. Serum Iodine and Bromine in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients-An Observational Study in a Cohort of Portuguese Patients. TOXICS 2023; 11:247. [PMID: 36977012 PMCID: PMC10053604 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy are at high risk of disturbances in trace element status due to both the underlying disease and the hemodialysis process itself. Data on iodine and bromine levels in these patients are scarce. Methods: Using an ICP-MS analytical procedure, serum iodine and bromine levels were determined in a cohort (n = 57) of end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis. The results were compared with those of a control group (n = 59). Results: Hemodialysis patients presented serum iodine levels within the normal range, slightly lower than in controls, but without reaching a statistically significant difference (67.6 ± 17.1 µg/L vs. 72.2 ± 14.8 µg/L; p = 0.1252). In contrast, serum bromine levels were much lower in patients (1086 ± 244 µg/L vs. 4137 ± 770 µg/L; p < 0.0001), at values only about 26% of the values observed in controls. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients had normal serum iodine levels, but highly decreased serum bromine levels. The clinical significance of this finding requires further investigation, but it may be associated with sleep disturbances and fatigue that affect hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Novakova
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Presian Bonev
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Duro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FP-ENAS—Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dra. Matilde Sampaio, 5200-216 Mogadouro, Portugal
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Vale do Sousa, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Rui Azevedo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Couto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Edgar Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Health, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Doggui R, McCormick BJ, Caulfield LE, Schulze KJ, Murray-Kolb LE. Adequacy of Iodine Status and Associations with Gut Health: A Prospective Cohort Study among Infants in 8 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Nutr 2023; 153:828-838. [PMID: 36797135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction increases the likelihood of micronutrient deficiencies among infants, but few studies have assessed the potential impact of gut health on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among this vulnerable group. OBJECTIVES We describe the trends of iodine status among infants from 6 to 24 mo old and examine the associations between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and UIC from 6 to 15 mo of age. METHODS Data from 1557 children enrolled in this birth cohort study conducted in 8 sites were included in these analyses. UIC was measured at 6, 15, and 24 mo of age by using the Sandell-Kolthoff technique. Gut inflammation and permeability were assessed using the concentrations of fecal neopterin (NEO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), and lactulose-mannitol ratio (LM). A multinomial regression analysis was used to assess the classified UIC (deficiency or excess). Linear mixed regression was used to test the effect of interactions among biomarkers on logUIC. RESULTS All studied populations had adequate (≥100 μg/L) to excess (≥371 μg/L) median UIC at 6 mo. Between 6 and 24 mo, 5 sites displayed a significant decline in the infant's median UIC. However, median UIC remained within the optimal range. An increase of NEO and MPO concentrations by +1 unit in ln scale reduced the risk of low UIC by 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.95), respectively. AAT moderated the association between NEO and UIC (P < 0.0001). The shape of this association appears to be asymmetric and in a reverse J-shape, with a higher UIC observed at both lower NEO and AAT concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Excess UIC was frequent at 6 mo and tended to normalize at 24 mo. Aspects of gut inflammation and increased permeability appear to reduce the prevalence of low UIC in children aged 6 to 15 mo. Programs addressing iodine-related health should consider the role of gut permeability in vulnerable individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhouene Doggui
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | | | - Laura E Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rigutto-Farebrother J. Optimizing Growth: The Case for Iodine. Nutrients 2023; 15:814. [PMID: 36839172 PMCID: PMC9959690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development is supported by numerous interventional and observational studies, and when iodine intake is too low, somatic growth is also impaired. This can be clearly seen in cases of untreated congenital hypothyroidism related to severe iodine deficiency, which is characterized, in part, by a short stature. Nevertheless, the impact of a less severe iodine deficiency on growth, whether in utero or postnatal, is unclear. Robust studies examining the relationship between iodine and growth are rarely feasible, including the aspect of examining the effect of a single micronutrient on a process that is reliant on multiple nutrients for optimal success. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can affect thyroid function and the secretion of optimal thyroid hormone levels; however, whether this affects growth has not been examined. This narrative review outlines the mechanisms by which iodine contributes to the growth process from conception onwards, supported by evidence from human studies. It emphasizes the need for adequate iodine public health policies and their robust monitoring and surveillance, to ensure coverage for all population groups, particularly those at life stages vulnerable for growth. Finally, it summarizes the other micronutrients important to consider alongside iodine when seeking to assess the impact of iodine on somatic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, LFV E 14.1, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child, University of Notre Dame, 200 Visitation Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation stimulates KLF9, BDNF expression in offspring brain with elevated DHA, EPA metabolites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13161. [PMID: 36816261 PMCID: PMC9932675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different iodide intake during pregnancy and lactation on thyroid function, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) metabolites, the expression of Krüppel-like factor KLF9 (KLF9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain in offspring rats. In both male and female offspring rats, serum FT3, FT4 levels and the expression of KLF9, thyroid hormone receptors (TR)α, TRβ and BDNF in the hippocampal region and cerebellum were significantly increased in 5 times higher-than-normal pregnant iodide intake (5 HI) and 10 times higher-than-normal pregnant iodide intake (10 HI) group. The median levels of DHA metabolite (17-HDoHE) and EPA metabolites (15-HEPE, 17,18-EEQ, 9-HEPE and 14,15-DiHETE) were significantly increased in 5 HI and 10 HI group of offspring rats. Serum DHA, EPA metabolites and KLF9 as well as BDNF expression in brain might be potential iodine status biomarkers to reflect brain development in offspring.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Li P, Liu L, Liu P, Zhou Z, Jin M, Li B, Li F, Chen Y, Shen H. The effect and mechanism of excessive iodine on the endothelial function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:136-145. [PMID: 36161694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iodine excess (IE) can cause thyroid dysfunction, thyroid diseases can adversely affect cardiovascular function. Accordingly, this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of IE on endothelial function. Nthy-ori 3-1 and HUVECs cells were treated with potassium iodide (KI). CCK-8, LDH leakage, Elisa, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect relevant indicators. Results showed that a certain level of KI can directly and indirectly reduce the viability of HUVECs and increase cytotoxicity. KI decreased the expression of ET-1 and VWF in HUVECs, inhibited the secretion of ET-1 in culture medium, and increased the expression of IL-6 and TNFα in HUVECs or Nthy-ori 3-1 cells alone. In the co-culture system, KI decreased the expression of ET-1 and THBD and increased the expression of TNFα and IL-6. Collectively, IE can directly and indirectly inhibit endothelial function of endothelial cells, which may be related to its induced inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fjære E, Poulsen R, Duinker A, Liaset B, Hansen M, Madsen L, Myrmel LS. Iodine Bioavailability and Accumulation of Arsenic and Cadmium in Rats Fed Sugar Kelp ( Saccharina latissima). Foods 2022; 11:foods11243943. [PMID: 36553687 PMCID: PMC9777903 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal iodine status is a prominent public health issue in several European coun-tries. Brown algae have a high iodine content that, upon intake, may exceed the recommended dietary intake level, but iodine bioavailability has been reported to be lower than from potassium iodide (KI) and highly depends on algae species. Further, potential negative effects from other components in algae, such as cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), have also been addressed. In this study, we observed a lower bioavailability of iodine from farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) than from KI in female Wistar IGS rats. Urinary iodine excretion was 94-95% in rats fed KI and 73-81% in rats fed sugar kelp, followed by increased faecal iodine levels in rats fed sugar kelp. No effects on body weight, feed efficiency, or plasma markers for liver or kidney damage were detected. The highest dose of iodine reduced plasma free thyroxine (fT4) and total T4 levels, but no significant effects on circulating levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodo-thyronine (fT3) were detected. Faeces and urine measurements indicate that 60-80% of total As and 93% of Cd ingested were excreted in rats fed 0.5 and 5% kelp. Liver metabolomic profiling demonstrates that a high inclusion of sugar kelp in the diet for 13 weeks of feeding modulates metabolites with potential antioxidant activity and phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55-23-85-00
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Arne Duinker
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Hansen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kalarani IB, Veerabathiran R. Impact of iodine intake on the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease in children and adults. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:256-264. [PMID: 36567462 PMCID: PMC9816468 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244186.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates the body's metabolism and iodine, a vital trace mineral, is vital for TH synthesis. As a TH biosynthesis catalyst, iodine has a substantial role in our health. When there is a modest iodine deficit, the thyroid gland grows autonomously, resulting in thyrotoxicosis. Those who consume excessive iodine risk developing hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity. A transient hyperthyroid condition may rapidly increase iodine consumption. Iodine deficiency is common across the globe, and provision of supplementary iodine, in forms such as iodized salt or vegetable oil, has many benefits. Vegetarians, for instance, may not consume adequate amounts of iodine in some countries with high iodine content. Reduced dietary iodine intakes may be a consequence of efforts to reduce salt intakes to prevent hypertension. In addition, iodine consumption is decreasing in many countries, even among those where endemic goiter has previously been eradicated, leading to the re-emergence of iodine-deficiency-related disorders such as goiter. This review will discuss how iodine can contribute to the development of thyroid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iyshwarya Bhaskar Kalarani
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Tamilnadu, India,Address for correspondence: Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scherr NCG, Nogueira AI, Rajão KMAB, Leite HV. Nutritional Status of Iodine in a Group of Pregnant Women from the State of Minas Gerais Correlated with Neonatal Thyroid Function. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:909-914. [PMID: 36446557 PMCID: PMC9708397 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the iodine sufficiency of pregnant women assisted in a University Hospital of Minas Gerais, and to correlate the urinary concentrations of maternal iodine with the fetal thyroid hormone levels at birth. METHODS Urinary iodine concentrations from 30 pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy and gestational age lower than 20 weeks were analyzed. Occasional samples of the mothers' urine were collected for the urinary iodine concentration dosage, and these were correlated with the newborns' thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. RESULTS The median iodine urinary concentration of this study's pregnant women population was 216.73 mcg/l, which is proper for the group, following the World Health Organization (WHO). No cases of neonatal hypothyroidism were reported in the study, which corroborates the iodine sufficiency in this population sample. CONCLUSION This study shows that despite the increased demand for iodine from pregnant women and the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) recommendation of 2013 for reduction of salt iodization levels, the population of pregnant women attended in the prenatal ambulatory of normal risk from the Federal University of Minas Gerais is considered sufficient in iodine. As a higher sample is necessary for the confirmation of these findings, it is too early to recommend the universal supplementation of iodine for Brazilian pregnant women, and more studies must be carried out, considering that iodine supplementation for pregnant women in an area of iodine sufficiency is associated to the risks of the fetus's excessive exposure to iodine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Campos Gonçalves Scherr
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Address for correspondence Natália Campos Gonçalves Scherr, MSc Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MGBrazil
| | | | | | - Henrique Vitor Leite
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karbownik-Lewińska M, Stępniak J, Iwan P, Lewiński A. Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor-a role of oxidative stress. Endocrine 2022; 78:219-240. [PMID: 35726078 PMCID: PMC9584999 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. However, overtreatment with iodine can unfavorably affect thyroid physiology. The aim of this review is to present the evidence that iodine-when in excess-can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and, therefore, can act as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and that this action, as well as other abnormalities in the thyroid, occurs-at least partially-via oxidative stress. METHODS We reviewed published studies on iodine as a potential EDC, with particular emphasis on the phenomenon of oxidative stress. RESULTS This paper summarizes current knowledge on iodine excess in the context of its properties as an EDC and its effects on oxidative processes. CONCLUSION Iodine does fulfill the criteria of an EDC because it is an exogenous chemical that interferes-when in excess-with thyroid hormone synthesis. However, this statement cannot change general rules regarding iodine supply, which means that iodine deficiency should be still eliminated worldwide and, at the same time, iodine excess should be avoided. Universal awareness that iodine is a potential EDC would make consumers more careful regarding their diet and what they supplement in tablets, and-what is of great importance-it would make caregivers choose iodine-containing medications (or other chemicals) more prudently. It should be stressed that compared to iodine deficiency, iodine in excess (acting either as a potential EDC or via other mechanisms) is much less harmful in such a sense that it affects only a small percentage of sensitive individuals, whereas the former affects whole populations; therefore, it causes endemic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Iwan
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pharmacological protection of the thyroid gland against radiation damage from radioactive iodine labeled compounds in children: a systematic review. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
There is currently no consensus on which protective strategy is most effective to prevent I-131 uptake in the thyroid during medical interventions in children. We aimed to collect the best available evidence to determine which pharmacological intervention is most effective in protecting the thyroid gland from damage by radioactive iodine (RAI).
Methods
Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, OLDMEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only original studies were included (1950–2022). Studies comparing pharmacological prevention of the thyroid against RAI uptake or occurrence of hypothyroidism, thyroid nodule or thyroid cancer were included. Included studies were graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation considerations. Pharmacological interventions were compared for effectiveness on reduction of thyroidal intake or relevant clinical thyroidal outcomes.
Results
Forty studies were included. Quality of included studies was low and many different outcome variables were used, making meta-analysis impossible. In 81% of studies, the pharmacological intervention could not prevent RAI uptake or thyroid damage. The administration of potassium iodide (KI) 1 h before exposure to RAI seemed most effective to reduce thyroidal uptake, however, hypothyroidism was reported in up to 64% as well as several cases of thyroid carcinoma. The combination of KI, thyroxine and thiamazole reduced RAI uptake and occurrence of hypothyroidism; yet, after follow-up of 9 years, still 50% of patients developed hypothyroidism. KI with potassium perchlorate showed hypothyroidism to occur in up to 12% of patients after short follow-up time.
Conclusions
The lack of well-designed studies impairs making strong recommendations on the optimal way to prevent thyroid damage when using radioactive coupled ligands for medical interventions. To improve the protection of the thyroid against radiation damage by I-131, well-designed randomized clinical trials with sufficient follow-up time, comparing new protective strategies’ effects on valid and well-defined thyroid outcomes are needed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Muskiet FAJ, Verheesen RH, Schaafsma G, Schaafsma A, Geurts JMW. Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Requirements for Iodine and Selenium: A Combined Evolutionary and (Patho)Physiological Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:3886. [PMID: 36235539 PMCID: PMC9571367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodide is an antioxidant, oxidant and thyroid hormone constituent. Selenoproteins are needed for triiodothyronine synthesis, its deactivation and iodine release. They also protect thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues from hydrogen peroxide used in the 'peroxidase partner system'. This system produces thyroid hormone and reactive iodine in exocrine glands to kill microbes. Exocrine glands recycle iodine and with high urinary clearance require constant dietary supply, unlike the thyroid. Disbalanced iodine-selenium explains relations between thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD) and cancer of thyroid and exocrine organs, notably stomach, breast, and prostate. Seafood is iodine unconstrained, but selenium constrained. Terrestrial food contains little iodine while selenium ranges from highly deficient to highly toxic. Iodine vs. TAD is U-shaped, but only low selenium relates to TAD. Oxidative stress from low selenium, and infection from disbalanced iodine-selenium, may generate cancer of thyroid and exocrine glands. Traditional Japanese diet resembles our ancient seashore-based diet and relates to aforementioned diseases. Adequate iodine might be in the milligram range but is toxic at low selenium. Optimal selenoprotein-P at 105 µg selenium/day agrees with Japanese intakes. Selenium upper limit may remain at 300-400 µg/day. Seafood combines iodine, selenium and other critical nutrients. It brings us back to the seashore diet that made us what we currently still are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H Verheesen
- Regionaal Reuma Centrum Z.O. Brabant Máxima Medisch Centrum, Ds. Th. Fliednerstraat 1, 5631 BM Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Schaafsma
- Schaafsma Advisory Services in Food, Health and Safety, Rembrandtlaan 12, 3925 VD Scherpenzeel, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jing L, Zhang Q. Intrathyroidal feedforward and feedback network regulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992883. [PMID: 36187113 PMCID: PMC9519864 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is regulated via the coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, plasma binding proteins, and local metabolism in tissues. TH synthesis and secretion in the thyrocytes-containing thyroid follicles are exquisitely regulated by an elaborate molecular network comprising enzymes, transporters, signal transduction machineries, and transcription factors. In this article, we synthesized the relevant literature, organized and dissected the complex intrathyroidal regulatory network into structures amenable to functional interpretation and systems-level modeling. Multiple intertwined feedforward and feedback motifs were identified and described, centering around the transcriptional and posttranslational regulations involved in TH synthesis and secretion, including those underpinning the Wolff-Chaikoff and Plummer effects and thyroglobulin-mediated feedback regulation. A more thorough characterization of the intrathyroidal network from a systems biology perspective, including its topology, constituent network motifs, and nonlinear quantitative properties, can help us to better understand and predict the thyroidal dynamics in response to physiological signals, therapeutic interventions, and environmental disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rump A, Hermann C, Lamkowski A, Abend M, Port M. Simulations of radioiodine exposure and protective thyroid blocking in a new biokinetic model of the mother-fetus unit at different pregnancy ages. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2947-2965. [PMID: 35922584 PMCID: PMC9525366 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the case of nuclear incidents, radioiodine may be released. After incorporation, it accumulates in the thyroid and enhances the risk of thyroidal dysfunctions and cancer occurrence by internal irradiation. Pregnant women and children are particularly vulnerable. Therefore, thyroidal protection by administering a large dose of stable (non-radioactive) iodine, blocking radioiodide uptake into the gland, is essential in these subpopulations. However, a quantitative estimation of the protection conferred to the maternal and fetal thyroids in the different stages of pregnancy is difficult. We departed from an established biokinetic model for radioiodine in pregnancy using first-order kinetics. As the uptake of iodide into the thyroid and several other tissues is mediated by a saturable active transport, we integrated an uptake mechanism described by a Michaelis–Menten kinetic. This permits simulating the competition between stable and radioactive iodide at the membrane carrier site, one of the protective mechanisms. The Wollf–Chaikoff effect, as the other protective mechanism, was simulated by adding a total net uptake block for iodide into the thyroid, becoming active when the gland is saturated with iodine. The model’s validity was confirmed by comparing predicted values with results from other models and sparse empirical data. According to our model, in the case of radioiodine exposure without thyroid blocking, the thyroid equivalent dose in the maternal gland increases about 45% within the first weeks of pregnancy to remain in the same range until term. Beginning in the 12th pregnancy week, the equivalent dose in the fetal thyroid disproportionately increases over time and amounts to three times the dose of the maternal gland at term. The maternal and fetal glands’ protection increases concomitantly with the amount of stable iodine administered to the mother simultaneously with acute radioiodine exposure. The dose–effect curves reflecting the combined thyroidal protection by the competition at the membrane carrier site and the Wolff–Chaikoff effect in the mother are characterized by a mean effective dose (ED50) of roughly 1.5 mg all over pregnancy. In the case of the fetal thyroid, the mean effective doses for thyroid blocking, taking into account only the competition at the carrier site are numerically lower than in the mother. Taking into account additionally the Wolff–Chaikoff effect, the dose–effect curves for thyroidal protection in the fetus show a shift to the left over time, with a mean effective dose of 12.9 mg in the 12th week of pregnancy decreasing to 0.5 mg at term. In any case, according to our model, the usually recommended dose of 100 mg stable iodine given at the time of acute radioiodine exposure confers a very high level of thyroidal protection to the maternal and fetal glands over pregnancy. For ethical reasons, the possibilities of experimental studies on thyroid blocking in pregnant women are extremely limited. Furthermore, results from animal studies are associated with the uncertainties related to the translation of the data to humans. Thus model-based simulations may be a valuable tool for better insight into the efficacy of thyroidal protection and improve preparedness planning for uncommon nuclear or radiological emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rump
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
| | - C Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - A Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Villatoro-Santos CR, Ramirez-Zea M, Villamor E. Urinary sodium, iodine, and volume in relation to metabolic syndrome in Mesoamerican children and their parents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1774-1783. [PMID: 35637087 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The roles of sodium or iodine intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) etiology remain controversial. We evaluated the associations of 24 h urinary sodium and iodine with MetS among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 217 school-age children and 478 parents from 9 Mesoamerican cities. Exposures were high 24 h urinary sodium excretion and concentration (>2000 mg/d or mg/L, respectively) and high 24 h urinary iodine excretion and concentration (≥300 μg/d or μg/L, respectively). In children, the outcome was a standardized metabolic score from five criteria analogous to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. In adults, MetS was defined according to the ATP III criteria. We estimated adjusted mean differences in the metabolic risk score and adjusted prevalence ratios of MetS between exposure categories using multivariable regression. In children, high sodium concentration was associated with a 0.10 units (43% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.001) and high iodine concentration was related to a 0.09 units (39% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.009). Unexpectedly, high 24 h urinary volume was associated with a lower metabolic score. In adults, high 24 h sodium excretion was related to hypertension and high iodine concentration was related to increased MetS prevalence. CONCLUSION High sodium and iodine concentrations, but not 24 h iodine excretion, are significantly associated with MetS in children, whereas high 24 h urinary volume is related to a decreased metabolic score. In adults, high iodine concentration tends to be related to increased MetS prevalence, but not 24 h iodine excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Villatoro-Santos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - E Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Blikra MJ, Henjum S, Aakre I. Iodine from brown algae in human nutrition, with an emphasis on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, chemistry, and effects of processing: A systematic review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1517-1536. [PMID: 35233943 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae are becoming increasingly popular as a food source and dietary supplement in Europe and other Western countries. As they are highly rich in iodine, they represent a potential new dietary iodine source. Iodine deficiency has been re-emerging in Europe, and it is important to ensure adequate intake through one's diet. However, macroalgae, and especially brown algae, may contain very high amounts of iodine, and both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine may increase the risk of negative health effects. The iodine content of algae or foods containing algae is currently not regulated in the European Union. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to determine the chemical species of iodine in brown algae, the loss of iodine during processing, and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of iodine. A systematic search of the literature was performed in April 2021, via the databases Web of Science and PubMed. The review includes studies of iodine in brown macroalgae in relation to bioavailability, bioaccessibility, processing and speciation. A meta-analysis was conducted in relation to the following topics: (i) the correlation between total iodine and iodide (I- ) content in brown algae; (ii) the correlation between the loss of iodine during processing and the I- content; and (iii) the correlation between bioavailability and the I- content. The bioavailability of iodine from brown algae was generally high, with in vivo bioavailability ranging from 31% to 90%. The in vitro bioavailability of iodine (2%-28%) was systematically lower than in vivo bioavailability (31%-90%), indicating an inadequate in vitro methodology. Processing may reduce the iodine content of brown algae, and a higher I- content was positively correlated with increased iodine loss during processing. Although processing strategies may reduce the iodine content of brown algae significantly, the iodine content may still be high after processing. These findings may be used in food safety evaluations of brown algae as well as in the development of macroalgae-containing foods with iodine contents suitable for human consumption. Further research on processing techniques to reduce the iodine content in brown macroalgae are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Department of Seafood and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Excess iodide-induced reactive oxygen species elicit iodide efflux via β-tubulin-associated ClC-3 in thyrocytes. Biochem J 2022; 479:629-640. [PMID: 35175311 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodide (I-) is crucial to thyroid function, and its regulation in thyrocytes involves ion transporters and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the extent of 2Cl-/H+ exchanger (ClC-3) involvement in the iodide (I-) efflux from thyrocytes remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of ClC-3 on I- efflux. ClC-3 expression was found to significantly alter the serum TT3 and TT4 concentrations in mice. We further found that excess I- stimulation affected ClC-3 expression, distribution, and I- efflux in FRTL-5 cells. Immunofluorescence analyses indicated that ClC-3 mainly accumulated in the cell membrane and co-localized with β-tubulins after 24 h of excess I- treatment, and that this process depended on ROS production. Thus, ClC-3 may be involved in I- efflux at the apical pole of thyrocytes via excess I--induced ROS production and β-tubulin polymerization. Our results reveal novel insights into the role of ClC-3 in I- transport and thyroid function.
Collapse
|
32
|
Triazine-based porous organic polymers for reversible capture of iodine and utilization in antibacterial application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2638. [PMID: 35173259 PMCID: PMC8850422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The capture and safe storage of radioactive iodine (129I or 131I) are of a compelling significance in the generation of nuclear energy and waste storage. Because of their physiochemical properties, Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) are considered to be one of the most sought classes of materials for iodine capture and storage. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of two triazine-based, nitrogen-rich, porous organic polymers, NRPOP-1 (SABET = 519 m2 g−1) and NRPOP-2 (SABET = 456 m2 g−1), by reacting 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine or 1,4-bis-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine)-benzene with thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde, respectively, and their use in the capture of volatile iodine. NRPOP-1 and NRPOP-2 showed a high adsorption capacity of iodine vapor with an uptake of up to 317 wt % at 80 °C and 1 bar and adequate recyclability. The NRPOPs were also capable of removing up to 87% of iodine from 300 mg L−1 iodine-cyclohexane solution. Furthermore, the iodine-loaded polymers, I2@NRPOP-1 and I2@NRPOP-2, displayed good antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (ML), Escherichia coli (EC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). The synergic functionality of these novel polymers makes them promising materials to the environment and public health.
Collapse
|
33
|
Witard OC, Bath SC, Dineva M, Sellem L, Mulet-Cabero AI, van Dongen LH, Zheng JS, Valenzuela C, Smeuninx B. Dairy as a Source of Iodine and Protein in the UK: Implications for Human Health Across the Life Course, and Future Policy and Research. Front Nutr 2022; 9:800559. [PMID: 35223949 PMCID: PMC8866650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.800559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes key concepts in dairy nutrition for supporting human health throughout the life course. Milk and dairy products have been a staple component of our diet for thousands of years and provide a wide range of important nutrients that are otherwise difficult to obtain from dairy-free diets. In this review, we provide a broad perspective on the nutritional roles of iodine and dairy protein in supporting human health during pregnancy and early life, childhood and adolescence, mid- and later-life. New methodologies to identify biomarkers of dairy intake via high-throughput mass spectrometry are discussed, and new concepts such as the role of the food matrix in dairy nutrition are introduced. Finally, future policy and research related to the consumption of dairy and non-dairy alternatives for health are discussed with a view to improving nutritional status across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Oliver C. Witard
| | - Sarah C. Bath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Dineva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Isabel Mulet-Cabero
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Laura H. van Dongen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ismail HTH. The Impact of Iodine Exposure in Excess on Hormonal Aspects and Hemato-Biochemical Profile in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:706-719. [PMID: 33783684 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure of iodine over a time is well known to cause thyroid dysfunction, which may be followed by different effects on body organs. The present study aimed to illustrate the impacts of exposure of rats to excess iodine (above the tolerable range) and the reversibility of any negative impacts on hormonal profile related to thyroid besides cortisol and the hematological and biochemical parameters along with the histopathological alterations in the thyroid gland, liver, kidneys, and heart. Seventy-five rats were divided equally into three groups: Group 1 was control animals. Groups 2 and 3 received sodium iodide (NaI) orally at a dose of (35 and 70 mg/kg BW), which corresponded to (500 and 1000) times excess iodine from the physiological dose, respectively for 30 days, then the NaI administration stopped in the treated groups for 15 consecutive days. Blood and tissue samples were collected twice for various experimental tests after 30 and 15 days of exposure to excess iodine and stopping the exposure, respectively. Overall results revealed that excess iodine in both tested groups developed a hyperthyroid condition, hypercortisolism, relative polycythemia, neutropenia, elevation in serum liver and cardiac enzymes activities, hyperprotenemia, hyperglobulinemia, elevation in serum urea, and cardiac troponin I concentrations (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the excess iodine caused hyperthyroidism, which was associated with significant changes in erythrogram and leukogram and alterations in hepatic, renal, and cardiac functions in an iodine dose-dependent damage relationship and the most of negative impacts continued after stopping the administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hager Tarek H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, 44511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sorrenti S, Baldini E, Pironi D, Lauro A, D'Orazi V, Tartaglia F, Tripodi D, Lori E, Gagliardi F, Praticò M, Illuminati G, D'Andrea V, Palumbo P, Ulisse S. Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond. Nutrients 2021; 13:4469. [PMID: 34960019 PMCID: PMC8709459 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with the functional roles of iodine and its metabolism. The main biological function of iodine concerns its role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid gland. In addition, however, further biological roles of iodine have emerged. Precisely, due to its significant action as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iodine is thought to represent one of the oldest antioxidants in living organisms. Moreover, iodine oxidation to hypoiodite (IO-) has been shown to possess strong bactericidal as well as antiviral and antifungal activity. Finally, and importantly, iodine has been demonstrated to exert antineoplastic effects in human cancer cell lines. Thus, iodine, through the action of different tissue-specific peroxidases, may serve different evolutionarily conserved physiological functions that, beyond TH biosynthesis, encompass antioxidant activity and defense against pathogens and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tartaglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Praticò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Illuminati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergaspare Palumbo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Possible Iodine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis in a Previously Healthy Adolescent following Administration of Iodinated Contrast Media. Case Rep Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5930515. [PMID: 34858667 PMCID: PMC8632428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5930515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Jod-Basedow Syndrome refers to a paradoxical phenomenon in which large loads of iodine can cause hyperthyroidism. It is most commonly seen in populations already at risk for thyroid disease or those with underlying kidney disease. Case Presentation. We present a case of an acutely ill 17-year-old boy with symptomatic hyperthyroidism following an iodinated contrast CT scan to rule out appendicitis. Discussion/Conclusion. This case underscores the importance of recognizing this phenomenon even in the pediatric population and in those with no preexisting history of thyroid disease. Course complications including bronchospasm, hypertension, transaminitis, and bilateral palmar desquamating rash are rare and highlight the complexities involved in the disease state and in managing side effect profiles of treatment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Cui Y, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Nie J, Liu H. Long-term repetitive exposure to excess iodine induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and alters monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats of different genders. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:975-982. [PMID: 34733482 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of excess iodine on human health has been paid more and more attention. Although numerous studies have reported that excess iodine may cause deleterious effects, the mental damage and its mechanism is yet to be identified. Using Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to excess iodine from pregnancy to 6 months post-delivery as in vivo model, this study explored the impacts of long-term repetitive excess iodine administration on the hippocampus of offspring rats, focusing on mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, with changes in monoamine neurotransmitters. The results showed that excess iodine could increase urinary iodine and brain organ coefficient in offspring of both genders, change the hippocampal cell structure, and damage the spatial learning and memory capacities. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), P53, Cleaved Caspase-3, and cytochrome C proteins expression increased and Bcl2 protein expression decreased in hippocampus of excess iodine-treated offspring, indicating that excess iodine could activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Besides, excess iodine showed different effects on monoamine neurotransmitter in different gender. Collectively, our experimental data indicated that the learning and memory impairment induced by excess iodine may be mediated via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Long-term repetitive excess iodine exposure affected monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus of offspring rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Cui
- Institute of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Scientific Fitness and Health Promotion Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100061, P.R. China
| | - Zushan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Nie
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
So S, Hashimoto K, Mori M, Endo S, Yamaguchi W, Miyano N, Murabayashi N, Tawara F. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels and thyroid dysfunction after hysterosalpingography: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:898-901. [PMID: 34355625 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1963430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hysterosalpingography (HSG) performed with an iodine contrast media can cause thyroid dysfunction, including thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. We investigated the association between the serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), an indicator of Graves' disease, and abnormal thyroid function after performing HSG. METHODS The screening of TRAb was conducted in 362 patients who first visited the Tawara IVF Clinic between April and September 2018. The association between TRAb levels and the effects of HSG examinations on thyroid function were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 362 patients, 2 (0.55%) had high levels (>2.0 IU/L) of TRAb, whereas 18 (5.0%) had intermediate TRAb levels, ranging from 0.3 to 1.9 IU/L. Of the 98 women (including 7 of the 18 women with TRAb level 0.3-1.9 IU/L, and 91 of the 342 women with TRAb level <0.3 IU/L) who had undergone HSG, two women developed overt thyrotoxicosis after HSG, and the frequency was significantly higher (p = .0044) in the group with intermediate levels of TRAb (28.6%, 2 of 7) than that in the group with low TRAb levels (<0.3 IU/L; 0.0%, 0 of 91). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that increased serum levels of TRAb are significantly associated with the development of thyrotoxicosis after HSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei So
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Tawara IVF Clinic, Suruga-ku Shizuok, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Metabolic and Obesity Research Institute, Midori-shi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Nao Murabayashi
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Tawara IVF Clinic, Suruga-ku Shizuok, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yao X. Increased Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids After Treatment of Iodide Intake Adjustment and 1,25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D 3 Supplementation in High Iodide Intake-Induced Hypothyroid Offspring Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669652. [PMID: 34381374 PMCID: PMC8352438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of fatty acids in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism and its complications and also in the intervention of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] supplementation. Methods: Pregnant rats were allocated to two groups, namely, normal iodide (NI, 7.5 μg/day) intake and 100 times higher-than-normal iodide (100 HI, 750 μg/day) intake. The offspring were continuously administered potassium iodide from weaning [i.e., postnatal day 21 (PN21)] to PN90. After PN90, the offspring were either administered iodide intake adjustment (7.5 μg/day) or 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation (5 μg·kg-1·day-1), or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid function tests (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody), blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vitamin D3 (VD3) levels were detected by ELISA. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. The serum fatty acids profile was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: In the offspring rats with continued 100 HI administration, the levels of 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (8,9-DHET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were decreased, while those of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), 7-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, and 20-HDoHE were increased. Significant correlations were found between PGB2, 8,9-DHET, 7-HDoHE levels and thyroid dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE, PGB2, 8,9-DHET levels and cardiac dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE levels and hypertension, between 4-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, TXB2 levels and dyslipidemia, and between PGB2 and decreased VD3 level. After the treatment of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, the levels of 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (16-HETE), 18-HETE, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, PGE2, 5-oxo-ETE, and 15-oxo-ETE were increased. The significant associations between PGE2, 16-HETE, 18-HETE and improved thyroid function and also between 5,6-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, 16-HETE, 15-oxo-ETE and attenuated dyslipidemia were detected. Conclusion: Increased levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and HDoHEs and decreased levels of 8,9-DHET and TXB2 might occur in the progression of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism. The increased levels of EETs and HETEs might help to ameliorate these complications after iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Iwan P, Stepniak J, Karbownik-Lewinska M. Pro-Oxidative Effect of KIO 3 and Protective Effect of Melatonin in the Thyroid-Comparison to Other Tissues. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060592. [PMID: 34205777 PMCID: PMC8234753 DOI: 10.3390/life11060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only iodine deficiency, but also its excess may contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO3), which is broadly used in the salt iodization program, can increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO3 concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin is an effective antioxidant, which protects against KIO3-induced LPO in the thyroid. This study aimed to compare the protective effects of melatonin, used in the highest achievable in vitro concentration, against KIO3-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids in various porcine tissues (thyroid, ovary, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and small intestine). Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 (20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 0.0 mM) without/with melatonin (5 mM). The malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased the LPO in all examined tissues; in the thyroid, the damaging effect of KIO3 (10; and 7.5 mM) was lower than in other tissues and was not observed for the lowest concentration of 5 mM. Melatonin reduced LPO induced by KIO3 (10, 7.5, and 5 mM) in all tissues, and in the thyroid it was also protective against as high a concentration of KIO3 as 15 mM; the LPO level resulting from KIO3 + melatonin treatment was lower in the thyroid than in other tissues. In conclusion, the thyroid is less sensitive tothe pro-oxidative effects of KIO3 compared to other tissues. The strongest protective effect of melatonin was observed in the thyroid, but beneficial effects were significant also in other tissues. Melatonin should be considered to avoid the potential damaging effects of iodine compounds applied in iodine prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Iwan
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Stepniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Adequate iodine intake is necessary for normal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency is associated with serious complications, but also iodine excess can lead to thyroid dysfunction, and iodine supplementation aimed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders has been associated with development of thyroid autoimmunity. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases has undergone profound changes since the implementation of iodoprophylaxis, notably by means of iodine-enriched salt, specifically resulting in decreased prevalence of goiter and neonatal hypothyroidism, improved cognitive function development in infancy, and reduced incidence of more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. The main question we address with this review is the clinical relevance of the possible effect on autoimmunity exerted by the use of iodine-enriched salt to correct iodine deficiency. In animal models, exogenous iodine is able to trigger or exacerbate thyroid autoimmunity, but it is still not clear whether the observed immunological changes are due to a direct effect of iodine on immune response, or whether they represent a secondary response to a toxic effect of iodine on thyroid tissue. Previous iodine status of a population seems to influence the functional thyroid response to increased iodine intake and possibly the development of thyroid autoimmunity. Moreover, the prevalence of thyroid antibodies, regarded as hallmark of autoimmune thyroid disease, varies between populations under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, and the presence of thyroid antibodies does not always coincide with the presence of thyroid disease or its future development. In addition, the incidence of autoimmune diseases shows a general increasing trend in the last decades. For all these reasons, available data are quite heterogeneous and difficult to analyze and compare. In conclusion, available data from long-term population surveys show that a higher than adequate population iodine intake due to a poorly controlled program of iodine prophylaxis could induce thyroid dysfunction, including thyroid autoimmunity mostly represented by euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Close monitoring iodine prophylaxis is therefore advised to ensure that effects of both iodine deficiency and iodine excess are avoided.
Collapse
|
42
|
Beer RJ, Herrán OF, Villamor E. Median Urinary Iodine Concentration in Colombian Children and Women is High and Related to Sociodemographic and Geographic Characteristics: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey. J Nutr 2021; 151:940-948. [PMID: 33561275 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt iodization has been mandatory in Colombia for over half a century. The iodine status of the population has not been recently evaluated using nationally representative data. OBJECTIVE We estimated the median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) of Colombian women and children overall and by individual and environmental characteristics. METHODS Using data from spot urine samples collected in the 2015 Colombian National Nutrition Survey, we estimated mUIC in 24,248 boys and girls aged 1 to <13 y and 9122 women of reproductive age (WRA). Within each group, we compared mUIC by levels of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and geographic factors by using adjusted median differences with 95% CIs from quantile regression models. RESULTS mUICs were 395 ± 3 μg/L among children and 381 ± 3 μg/L among WRA. Schoolchildren 5 to <13 y old had higher mUIC (407 ± 3 μg/L) than did preschoolers or toddlers. Girls had 21 μg/L (95% CI: -29, -14) lower mUIC than boys after adjustment. In addition, among children, mUIC was positively associated with household wealth and inversely associated with indigenous compared with mestizo ethnicity, living in the southern or Pacific compared with the central regions of Colombia, and altitude. Among WRA, mUIC was positively associated with obesity and inversely with age, indigenous compared with mestizo ethnicity, education, household wealth, living in southern compared with central Colombia, altitude, and alcohol intake frequency. CONCLUSION Colombian children and WRA had mUIC well above conventional cutpoints of iodine excess. Whether excessive iodine affects other subpopulations and its functional consequences warrant urgent investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael J Beer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oscar F Herrán
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander (Faculty of Health, Industrial University of Santander), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Molecular Iodine Has Extrathyroidal Effects as an Antioxidant, Differentiator, and Immunomodulator. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031228. [PMID: 33513754 PMCID: PMC7865438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most investigations of iodine metabolism in humans and animals have focused on its role in thyroid function. However, considerable evidence indicates that iodine could also be implicated in the physiopathology of other organs. We review the literature that shows that molecular iodine (I2) exerts multiple and complex actions on the organs that capture it, not including its effects as part of thyroid hormones. This chemical form of iodine is internalized by a facilitated diffusion system that is evolutionary conserved, and its effects appear to be mediated by a variety of mechanisms and pathways. As an oxidized component, it directly neutralizes free radicals, induces the expression of type II antioxidant enzymes, or inactivates proinflammatory pathways. In neoplastic cells, I2 generates iodolipids with nuclear actions that include the activation of apoptotic pathways and the inhibition of markers related to stem cell maintenance, chemoresistance, and survival. Recently, I2 has been postulated as an immune modulator that depending on the cellular context, can function as an inhibitor or activator of immune responses. We propose that the intake of molecular iodine is increased in adults to at least 1 mg/day in specific pathologies to obtain the potential extrathyroid benefits described in this review.
Collapse
|
44
|
Mannemuddhu SS, Morgans HA, Pekkucuksen NT, Warady BA, Shoemaker LR. Hypothyroidism Due to Iodine Overload in Children Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis: A Report of 4 Cases. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:889-892. [PMID: 32471796 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.02.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Children who receive peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at increased risk for thyroid dysfunction. A rarely appreciated cause is iodine overload. We report 4 children who developed iodine overload and secondary hypothyroidism. All had kidney failure treated by PD. Each previously had normal thyroid function screening test results. At the time hypothyroidism was detected, the duration of PD ranged from 1 week to 27 months (median, 6 months). Three children had high thyrotropin values and all had high serum iodine levels. The sole source of iodine exposure in each child was a povidone-iodine-impregnated gauze in the sterile transfer set cap associated with PD. Iodine overload is a poorly appreciated problem associated with the provision of PD in infants and small children and can lead to thyroid dysfunction. Increased awareness among pediatric nephrologists should lead to the development of optimal monitoring and prevention recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sudha Mannemuddhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Heather A Morgans
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Naile Tufan Pekkucuksen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lawrence R Shoemaker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Darias-Rosales J, Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Paz S, Hardisson A. Risk assessment of iodine intake from the consumption of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata and Chondrus crispus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45737-45741. [PMID: 32803579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are a basic food in the Asian diet. The search for functional and healthy foods has increased the seaweed consumption in Europe and the USA. Seaweeds are a source of essential elements such as iodine. However, high intake levels of iodine can cause damages to human health. Red seaweeds like dulse (Palmaria palmata) and Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) are common in shops and large stores. The iodine level in 30 samples of red seaweeds (dulse and Irish moss) has been determined by redox volumetry with sodium thiosulfate to determine the iodine content of both species and to assess the iodine dietary exposure from dulse and Irish moss consumption. Irish moss (3.86 ± 1.49 mg/kg dry weight) has the highest average iodine content. Four grams per day of dehydrated Irish moss seaweeds contributes greatly to the iodine recommended daily intake (DRI) for children (25.7%). The consumption of analyzed seaweeds (4 g/day) does not pose a health risk. However, the consumption of 286 g/day of Irish moss would lead to exceeding the UL for the adult population set at 1100 μg/day. It is necessary that the consumer respects the consumption guidelines of the seaweed packers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Darias-Rosales
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li X, Cao X, Li J, Xu J, Ma W, Wang H, Wang J, Zhang Y. Effects of high potassium iodate intake on iodine metabolism and antioxidant capacity in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126575. [PMID: 32580100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIO3 and KI are the most common salt iodization agents. Coincidentally, iodine exists naturally in high-iodine drinking water in the form of iodide (I-) or iodate (IO3-). As an oxidizing substance, IO3- should be reduced to I- before it can be effectively used by the thyroid. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the metabolic process of high dose KIO3in vivo. METHODS The iodine metabolism processes in the thyroid and serum of rats after high KIO3 intake were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) and arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The changes of redox activity in the serum, thyroid, liver, and kidneys were observed by detecting total antioxidative activity (TAA). RESULTS High doses of IO3- were completely reduced to I-in vivo within 0.5 h. The level of organic bound iodine in the serum was stable, while the organic bound iodine in the thyroid increased to a plateau after intake of high-dose KIO3. The levels of total iodine and I- in serum and thyroid increased quickly, then all decreased after reaching the maximum absorption peak, and I- had two absorption peaks in serum. The thyroid blocking dose of I- was 0.5 mg/kg in rat. Additionally, high KIO3 intake did not influence the TAA in serum and other tissues. CONCLUSION The body is able to reduce and utilize high doses of KIO3 ingested through the digestive tract. The metabolism of high KIO3in vivo is characterized by two absorption process of I- in serum and the thyroid blocking effect. Moreover, a single intake of high-dose KIO3 does not affect TAA in vivo. The results suggest that such excess IO3- may have be reduced in the digestive tract before I- enters the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Junyan Li
- Animal Laboratory, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Iodine Status and Thyroid Function in a Group of Seaweed Consumers in Norway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113483. [PMID: 33202773 PMCID: PMC7697291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, or macroalgae, may be a good dietary iodine source but also a source of excessive iodine intake. The main aim in this study was to describe the iodine status and thyroid function in a group of macroalgae consumers. Two urine samples were collected from each participant (n = 44) to measure urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after habitual consumption of seaweed. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), were measured in a subgroup (n = 19). A food frequency questionnaire and an iodine-specific 24 h recall were used to assess iodine intake and macroalgae consumption. The median (p25–p75) UIC was 1200 (370–2850) μg/L. Median (p25–p75) estimated dietary iodine intake, excluding macroalgae, was 110 (78–680) μg/day, indicating that seaweed was the major contributor to the iodine intake. TSH levels were within the reference values, but higher than in other comparable population groups. One third of the participants used seaweeds daily, and sugar kelp, winged kelp, dulse and laver were the most common species. Labelling of iodine content was lacking for a large share of the products consumed. This study found excessive iodine status in macroalgae consumers after intake of dietary seaweeds. Including macroalgae in the diet may give excessive iodine exposure, and consumers should be made aware of the risk associated with inclusion of macroalgae in their diet.
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu Z, Zheng C, Zheng W, Wan Z, Bu Y, Zhang G, Ding S, Wang E, Zhai D, Ma ZF. Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in a sample of pregnant women and salt iodine concentration from Zhejiang province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3811-3818. [PMID: 32596780 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since 2011, Zhejiang province has eliminated iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in its populations. Following this achievement, a new revised iodine concentration in iodised salt was implemented in Zhejiang in 2012. However, the re-emergence of iodine deficiency has been reported in pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess household salt iodine concentration and iodine status of pregnant women in Zhejiang province, China. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2018 and August 2018 in Quzhou, Zhejiang province. Pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years who did not have a history of thyroid disease were recruited into the study. They were asked to complete socio-demographic questionnaires including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In addition, a spot urine sample and a household table salt sample were also provided by each participant. A total of 625 pregnant women agreed to participate. The overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 130 µg/L, indicating mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women. The coverage of iodised salt was 85.2%, and of these, the rate of adequately iodised salt was 98.1%. In conclusion, our results confirmed the re-emergence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women as reported by other studies conducted in Zhejiang province. Therefore, urgent public health actions are needed to improve iodine status of pregnant women in order to prevent the adverse consequences of IDD on the neurodevelopment of foetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 154 Xi'an Road, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangfeng Zheng
- Quzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117 Quhua Road, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Bu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gao J, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang B, Jiang W, Bian J, Liu X. Effects of long-term excessive iodine intake on blood lipids in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:708-714. [PMID: 33041340 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term excessive iodine intake on blood lipids in adults. METHODS Three counties from Dezhou city and Liaocheng city in the Shandong province of China were selected as survey locations. Three to five villages were selected from each county and then categorized by the iodine concentration detected in the groundwater into Low (<10 µg/L), Medium (10-150 µg/L), High (150-300 µg/L), and Excessive (>300 µg/L) groups. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by each subject to provide demographic characteristics. Body height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded by trained staff. Blood lipids were measured. RESULTS A total of 2156 subjects were recruited for the final analysis. The serum triglyceride (TRIG) was significantly higher in the Excessive group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol (TCHOL) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) showed downward trends with the increases in the water iodine concentration. A statistical significance of the crude correlation coefficient was detected between the water iodine concentration and the TRIG, TCHOL, or LDL-C (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was also noted between the water iodine concentration and TCHOL or LDL-C after adjustment for covariates. High iodine concentration was a significant protective factor for TCHOL and LDL-C in adults, whereas elevated BMI and advancing age were risk factors for both variables. CONCLUSION An association was identified between iodine excess and low TCHOL or LDL-C. In areas with excessive iodine, iodine intake should be considered in studies examining the factors that influence blood lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Cheeloo College of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Benzheng Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianchao Bian
- Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xihua Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cui Y, Yu J, Zhang B, Guo B, Gao T, Liu H. The relationships between thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or dopamine levels in peripheral blood and IQ in children with different urinary iodine concentrations. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:134981. [PMID: 32344109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental iodine deficiency or excess can lead to inappropriate iodine nutrition in the population. Little research has been performed to determine whether changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and/or dopamine (DA) concentrations in peripheral blood are involved in intellectual impairment caused by inappropriate iodine nutrition. 498 children aged 7-12 from areas with different water iodine concentrations were included in the study. Children's intelligence and levels of urinary iodine and fluoride, TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and DA were evaluated. The relationship between TSH and/or DA levels and intelligence quotient (IQ) in all participants and in the population with different urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. The proportion of people with low average and lower intelligence in UIC ≥ 300 μg/L group was significantly higher than that in control group but only a positive correlation was found between DA and IQ in the population with UIC < 100 μg/L (bootstrapped estimation P = 0.032). TSH and/or DA in peripheral blood may be not involved in the progressive decline in intelligence caused by iodine excess but DA had positive correlation with intelligence in iodine deficiency group, and no relationship between TSH concentration and IQ was found in the general population or in different UIC groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- School of public health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- China Institute of Sport Science, 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 14100061, PR China
| | - Baihui Guo
- School of public health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Tongning Gao
- School of public health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of public health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China; Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Health Inspection, 94 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|