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Dutta D, Markhoff J, Suter N, Rezwan K, Brüggemann D. Effect of Collagen Nanofibers and Silanization on the Interaction of HaCaT Keratinocytes and 3T3 Fibroblasts with Alumina Nanopores. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1852-1862. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjalee Dutta
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jana Markhoff
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Naiana Suter
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kurosch Rezwan
- Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Kumar P, Saini M, Dehiya BS, Sindhu A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Lamberti L, Pruncu CI, Thakur R. Comprehensive Survey on Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2019. [PMID: 33066127 PMCID: PMC7601994 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important ideas ever produced by the application of materials science to the medical field is the notion of biomaterials. The nanostructured biomaterials play a crucial role in the development of new treatment strategies including not only the replacement of tissues and organs, but also repair and regeneration. They are designed to interact with damaged or injured tissues to induce regeneration, or as a forest for the production of laboratory tissues, so they must be micro-environmentally sensitive. The existing materials have many limitations, including impaired cell attachment, proliferation, and toxicity. Nanotechnology may open new avenues to bone tissue engineering by forming new assemblies similar in size and shape to the existing hierarchical bone structure. Organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials are increasingly used for bone tissue engineering applications because they may allow to overcome some of the current restrictions entailed by bone regeneration methods. This review covers the applications of different organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials in the field of hard tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Meenu Saini
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Brijnandan S. Dehiya
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India; (M.S.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (V.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Luciano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Catalin I. Pruncu
- Department of Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rajesh Thakur
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; (V.K.); (R.T.)
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Biocompatibility of α-Al 2O 3 Ceramic Substrates with Human Neural Precursor Cells. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030065. [PMID: 32947990 PMCID: PMC7563382 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocompatible materials-topography could be used for the construction of scaffolds allowing the three-dimensional (3D) organization of human stem cells into functional tissue-like structures with a defined architecture. METHODS Structural characterization of an alumina-based substrate was performed through XRD, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wettability measurements. Biocompatibility of the substrate was assessed by measuring the proliferation and differentiation of human neural precursor stem cells (NPCs). RESULTS α-Al2O3 is a ceramic material with crystallite size of 40 nm; its surface consists of aggregates in the range of 8-22 μm which forms a rough surface in the microscale with 1-8 μm cavities. The non-calcined material has a surface area of 5.5 m2/gr and pore size distribution of 20 nm, which is eliminated in the calcined structure. Thus, the pore network on the surface and the body of the ceramic becomes more water proof, as indicated by wettability measurements. The alumina-based substrate supported the proliferation of human NPCs and their differentiation into functional neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our work indicates the potential use of alumina for the construction of 3D engineered biosystems utilizing human neurons. Such systems may be useful for diagnostic purposes, drug testing, or biotechnological applications.
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Davoodi E, Zhianmanesh M, Montazerian H, Milani AS, Hoorfar M. Nano-porous anodic alumina: fundamentals and applications in tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:60. [PMID: 32642974 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in tissue engineering applications due to their unique properties such as the high surface to volume ratio and diversity of morphology and structure. However, most methods used for the fabrication of nanomaterials are rather complicated and costly. Among different nanomaterials, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is a great example of nanoporous structures that can easily be engineered by changing the electrolyte type, anodizing potential, current density, temperature, acid concentration and anodizing time. Nanoporous anodic alumina has often been used for mammalian cell culture, biofunctionalization, drug delivery, and biosensing by coating its surface with biocompatible materials. Despite its wide application in tissue engineering, thorough in vivo and in vitro studies of AAO are still required to enhance its biocompatibility and thereby pave the way for its application in tissue replacements. Recognizing this gap, this review article aims to highlight the biomedical potentials of AAO for applications in tissue replacements along with the mechanism of porous structure formation and pore characteristics in terms of fabrication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Davoodi
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Masoud Zhianmanesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Shabanloo Street, Tehran, 16788, Iran
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Abbas S Milani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Dorababu A. Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka India
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Bachhuka A, Madathiparambil Visalakshan R, Law CS, Santos A, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Karnati S, Vasilev K. Modulation of Macrophages Differentiation by Nanoscale-Engineered Geometric and Chemical Features. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1496-1505. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bachhuka
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R. Madathiparambil Visalakshan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - C. S. Law
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A. Santos
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S. Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilians University, Koellikerstrasse 6, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - K. Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Jeon H, Yun S, Choi E, Kang D, Park KH, Kim D, Jin S, Shim JH, Yun WS, Park J. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in PCL/silanated silica composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Antimicrobial alumina nanobiostructures of disulfide- and triazole-linked peptides: Synthesis, characterization, membrane interactions and biological activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alizadeh A, Razmjou A, Ghaedi M, Jannesar R, Tabatabaei F, Pezeshkpour V, Tayebi L. Culture of dental pulp stem cells on nanoporous alumina substrates modified by carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1907-1918. [PMID: 30936693 PMCID: PMC6421869 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alumina substrates are one of the commonly used scaffolds applied in cell culture, but in order to prevent formation of biofilm on the alumina substrate, these substrates are modified with carbon nanotube. METHODS The alumina substrate was made by a two-step anodization method and was then modified with carbon nanotubes by simple chemical reaction. The substrates were characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, 3D laser scanning digital microscope, contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE). To determine how this modification influences the reduction of biofilm, biofilm of two various bacteria, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), were investigated. RESULTS The biofilm on the modified substrate decreased due to the presence of carbon nanotubes and increased antibacterial properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured onto flat alumina (FA) and nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NAMC) substrates to examine how the chemical modification and surface topography affects growth of DPSCs. CONCLUSION Cell attachment and proliferation were investigated with SEM and Presto Blue assay, and the findings show that the NAMC substrates are suitable for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Alizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,
| | | | - Ramin Jannesar
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Tabatabaei
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Pezeshkpour
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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10
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Shen L, Pan Y, Fu H. Fabrication of UV curable coating for super hydrophobic cotton fabrics. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Rahmati M, Mozafari M. Biocompatibility of alumina‐based biomaterials–A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3321-3335. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bioengineering Research Group, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bioengineering Research Group, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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12
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Kim JJ, Kim K, Choi YS, Kang H, Kim DM, Lee JC. Polysulfone based ultrafiltration membranes with dopamine and nisin moieties showing antifouling and antimicrobial properties. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Nanobiostructure of fibrous-like alumina functionalized with an analog of the BP100 peptide: Synthesis, characterization and biological applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Tuning surface properties of bone biomaterials to manipulate osteoblastic cell adhesion and the signaling pathways for the enhancement of early osseointegration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:58-69. [PMID: 29413621 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast cell adhesion is the initial step of early osseointegration responding to bone material implants. Enhancing the osteoblastic cell adhesion has become one of the prime aims when optimizing the surface properties of bone biomaterials. The traditional strategy focuses in improving the physical attachment of osteoblastic cells onto the surfaces of biomaterials. However, instead of a simple cell physical attachment, the osteoblastic cell adhesion has been revealed to be a sophisticated system. Despite the well-documented effect of bone biomaterial surface modifications on adhesion, few studies have focused on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Physicochemical signals from biomaterials can be transduced into intracellular signaling network and further initiate the early response cascade towards the implants, which includes cell survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Adhesion is vital in determining the early osseointegration between host bone tissue and implanted bone biomaterials via regulating involving signaling pathways. Therefore, the modulation of early adhesion behavior should not simply target in physical attachment, but emphasize in the manipulation of downstream signaling pathways, to regulate early osseointegration. This review firstly summarized the basic biological principles of osteoblastic cell adhesion process and the activated downstream cell signaling pathways. The effects of different biomaterial physicochemical properties on osteoblastic cell adhesion were then reviewed. This review provided up-to-date research outcomes in the adhesion behavior of osteoblastic cells on bone biomaterials with different physicochemical properties. The strategy is optimised from traditionally focusing in physical cell adhesion to the proposed strategy that manipulating cell adhesion and the downstream signaling network for the enhancement of early osseointegration.
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Subhapradha N, Abudhahir M, Aathira A, Srinivasan N, Moorthi A. Polymer coated mesoporous ceramic for drug delivery in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 110:65-73. [PMID: 29197570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment strategy for various bone fracture and defects the researchers are focusing to develop a new carrier for delivering the drug into injured area with controlled and sustained manner using biomaterials with dynamic architecture orientation. Ceramic materials are resembled with bone compositional architecture and better bioactivity, degradability as well as antimicrobial activity made its enormous application in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Current focus in regenerative medicine were orchestration of biomaterials with the capacity of loading the drugs, growth factors, ionic components to promote better healing of bone tissue. Mesoporous type materials owed a great look towards the delivery of drugs, growth factors, etc in BTE because of its unique geometry. So the guest molecules loaded with geometrically organized ceramics would deliver onto the site of injury in controlled manner also the guiding and regulation of delivery of molecules have been controlled with the polymers response to different stimulation or biochemical factors as either scaffold or encapsulated particles for bone regeneration. Hence the review aims to describing the recent progress in bone tissue engineering using the ceramic based mesoporous materials encapsulated with polymers respond to different physiochemical stimulation for the efficient and controlled delivery of drug/growth factors for better bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subhapradha
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India
| | - Mohamed Abudhahir
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India
| | - A Aathira
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India
| | - N Srinivasan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India
| | - A Moorthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
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Fraioli R, Tsimbouri PM, Fisher LE, Nobbs AH, Su B, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Ginebra MP, Dalby MJ, Manero JM, Mas-Moruno C. Towards the cell-instructive bactericidal substrate: exploring the combination of nanotopographical features and integrin selective synthetic ligands. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16363. [PMID: 29180787 PMCID: PMC5703844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering the interface between biomaterials and tissues is important to increase implant lifetime and avoid failures and revision surgeries. Permanent devices should enhance attachment and differentiation of stem cells, responsible for injured tissue repair, and simultaneously discourage bacterial colonization; this represents a major challenge. To take first steps towards such a multifunctional surface we propose merging topographical and biochemical cues on the surface of a clinically relevant material such as titanium. In detail, our strategy combines antibacterial nanotopographical features with integrin selective synthetic ligands that can rescue the adhesive capacity of the surfaces and instruct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) response. To this end, a smooth substrate and two different high aspect ratio topographies have been produced and coated either with an αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic, an α5β1-selective peptidomimetic, or an RGD/PHSRN peptidic molecule. Results showed that antibacterial effects of the substrates could be maintained when tested on pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, functionalization increased MSC adhesion to the surfaces and the αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic-coated nanotopographies promoted osteogenesis. Such a dual physicochemical approach to achieve multifunctional surfaces represents a first step in the design of novel cell-instructive biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fraioli
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | | | - Leanne E Fisher
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12, Scotland, UK
| | - José M Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
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Raczkowska J, Awsiuk K, Prauzner-Bechcicki S, Pabijan J, Zemła J, Budkowski A, Lekka M. Patterning of cancerous cells driven by a combined modification of mechanical and chemical properties of the substrate. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Ducharme J, Auclair K. Use of bioconjugation with cytochrome P450 enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017. [PMID: 28625736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation, defined as chemical modification of biomolecules, is widely employed in biological and biophysical studies. It can expand functional diversity and enable applications ranging from biocatalysis, biosensing and even therapy. This review summarizes how chemical modifications of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) have contributed to improving our understanding of these enzymes. Genetic modifications of P450s have also proven very useful but are not covered in this review. Bioconjugation has served to gain structural information and investigate the mechanism of P450s via photoaffinity labeling, mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) and fluorescence studies. P450 surface acetylation and protein cross-linking have contributed to the investigation of protein complexes formation involving P450 and its redox partner or other P450 enzymes. Finally, covalent immobilization on polymer surfaces or electrodes has benefited the areas of biocatalysis and biosensor design. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ducharme
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Salerno M, Shayganpour A, Salis B, Dante S. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:74-81. [PMID: 28144566 PMCID: PMC5238693 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thin anodic porous alumina (tAPA) was fabricated from a 500 nm thick aluminum (Al) layer coated on silicon wafers, through single-step anodization performed in a Teflon electrochemical cell in 0.4 M aqueous phosphoric acid at 110 V. Post-fabrication etching in the same acid allowed obtaining tAPA surfaces with ≈160 nm pore diameter and ≈80 nm corresponding wall thickness to be prepared. The tAPA surfaces were made SERS-active by coating with a thin (≈25 nm) gold (Au) layer. The as obtained tAPA-Au substrates were incubated first with different thiols, namely mercaptobenzoic acid (MbA) and aminothiol (AT), and then with phospholipid vesicles of different composition to form a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). At each step, the SERS substrate functionality was assessed, demonstrating acceptable enhancement (≥100×). The chemisorption of thiols during the first step and the formation of SLB from the vesicles during the second step, were independently monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique. The SLB membranes represent a simplified model system of the living cells membranes, which makes the successful observation of SERS on these films promising in view of the use of tAPA-Au substrates as a platform for the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) biosensors on living cells. In the future, these tAPA-Au-SLB substrates will be investigated also for drug delivery of bioactive agents from the APA pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salerno
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Amirreza Shayganpour
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, University of Genova, viale Causa 13, I-16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Salis
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, University of Genova, viale Causa 13, I-16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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20
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Chen Y, Huang L, Dai X, Tian Q, Yu M, Agheb M, Chan HN, Poon E, Guo Z, Boheler KR, Wu H. Facile formation of a microporous chitosan hydrogel based on self-crosslinking. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9291-9299. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach for the formation of microporous (chitosan) hydrogel scaffolds based on self-crosslinking is presented. It is simple and does not require any sacrificial porogen, toxic initiator/catalyst, harmful irradiation, or sophisticated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Maria Agheb
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Ho Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Ellen Poon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Kenneth Richard Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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21
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Yazdi IK, Ziemys A, Evangelopoulos M, Martinez JO, Kojic M, Tasciotti E. Physicochemical properties affect the synthesis, controlled delivery, degradation and pharmacokinetics of inorganic nanoporous materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3057-3075. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling size, shape and uniformity of porous constructs remains a major focus of the development of porous materials. Over the past two decades, we have seen significant developments in the fabrication of new, porous-ordered structures using a wide range of materials, resulting in properties well beyond their traditional use. Porous materials have been considered appealing, due to attractive properties such as pore size length, morphology and surface chemistry. Furthermore, their utilization within the life sciences and medicine has resulted in significant developments in pharmaceutics and medical diagnosis. This article focuses on various classes of porous materials, providing an overview of principle concepts with regard to design and fabrication, surface chemistry and loading and release kinetics. Furthermore, predictions from a multiscale mathematical model revealed the role pore length and diameter could have on payload release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman K Yazdi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Arturas Ziemys
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan O Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Milos Kojic
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Koniev O, Wagner A. Developments and recent advancements in the field of endogenous amino acid selective bond forming reactions for bioconjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5495-551. [PMID: 26000775 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation methodologies have proven to play a central enabling role in the recent development of biotherapeutics and chemical biology approaches. Recent endeavours in these fields shed light on unprecedented chemical challenges to attain bioselectivity, biocompatibility, and biostability required by modern applications. In this review the current developments in various techniques of selective bond forming reactions of proteins and peptides were highlighted. The utility of each endogenous amino acid-selective conjugation methodology in the fields of biology and protein science has been surveyed with emphasis on the most relevant among reported transformations; selectivity and practical use have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Koniev
- Laboratory of Functional Chemo-Systems (UMR 7199), Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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Rahman S, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Losic D. Nanoengineered drug releasing aluminium wire implants: a model study for localized bone therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3288-3296. [PMID: 32262323 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A needle puncture approach using nanoengineered aluminium (Al) wires as drug-releasing implants is explored for localized drug delivery in bone using an ex vivo bone reactor. The wire implants were prepared by electrochemical anodization with the formation of a thin nanoporous alumina (NPA) layer on their surface and pore diameters of 30-35 nm and pore lengths of 10-60 μm. An in vitro drug release study of a model drug from the implants, prepared with different thicknesses of NPA layers (pore lengths), showed a considerable influence on drug release characteristics. The results confirmed that by controlling the pore length it is possible to tune the drug releasing performance of the implants and achieve a sustained release for an extended period. The biocompatibility study of the implants evaluated using human osteoblast cell culture showed strong growth of cells, their spreading and their adhesion to the implant surface. The drug loaded wire implants inserted inside bone by a needle puncture approach are evaluated for ex vivo drug release inside bone using a bone reactor (Zetos). The results demonstrated consistent and slow drug release from implants and distribution inside bone monitored in situ using a live imaging technique. The cross-sectional study of inserted wire implants after an extended period of release confirmed stable and unchanged NPA morphology. Histology of bone in contact with implants indicates the presence of viable osteocytes along the inserted area indicating that this method is a reliable approach and NPA wire implants are harmless devices. Overall, this study demonstrates that needle guided implantation of nanoengineered and drug loaded porous wires could be used as a new drug releasing implants for localized bone therapy and treatment of bone disease such as bacterial infection, healing, and potentially bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiur Rahman
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Rahman S, Ormsby R, Santos A, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Losic D. Nanoengineered drug-releasing aluminium wire implants: comparative investigation of nanopore geometry, drug release and osteoblast cell adhesion. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, drug-releasing aluminium (Al) wire implants featuring nanoporous alumina (NPA) layers produced by different anodization approaches are systematically investigated as potential platforms for localized drug delivery and bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiur Rahman
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Renee Ormsby
- Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research
- School of Medicine The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research
- School of Medicine The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - David M. Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research
- School of Medicine The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
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25
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Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications. NANOPOROUS ALUMINA 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20334-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Toccafondi C, Thorat S, La Rocca R, Scarpellini A, Salerno M, Dante S, Das G. Multifunctional substrates of thin porous alumina for cell biosensors. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2411-2420. [PMID: 24573456 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated anodic porous alumina from thin films (100/500 nm) of aluminium deposited on technological substrates of silicon/glass, and investigated the feasibility of this material as a surface for the development of analytical biosensors aiming to assess the status of living cells. To this goal, porous alumina surfaces with fixed pitch and variable pore size were analyzed for various functionalities. Gold coated (about 25 nm) alumina revealed surface enhanced Raman scattering increasing with the decrease in wall thickness, with factor up to values of approximately 10(4) with respect to the flat gold surface. Bare porous alumina was employed for micro-patterning and observation via fluorescence images of dye molecules, which demonstrated the surface capability for a drug-loading device. NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured in vitro and examined after 2 days since seeding, and no significant (P > 0.05) differences in their proliferation were observed on porous and non-porous materials. The effect on cell cultures of pore size in the range of 50-130 nm--with pore pitch of about 250 nm--showed no significant differences in cell viability and similar levels in all cases as on a control substrate. Future work will address combination of all above capabilities into a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Toccafondi
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy,
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27
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Lee W, Park SJ. Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide: Anodization and Templated Synthesis of Functional Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7487-556. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500002z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 905] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Yuseong, 305-340 Daejeon, Korea
- Department
of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong, 305-333 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Yuseong, 305-340 Daejeon, Korea
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28
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Pedimonte BJ, Moest T, Luxbacher T, von Wilmowsky C, Fey T, Schlegel KA, Greil P. Morphological zeta-potential variation of nanoporous anodic alumina layers and cell adherence. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:968-74. [PMID: 24080316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale surface modification of biomedical implant materials offers enhanced biological activity concerning protein adsorption and cell adherence. Nanoporous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) layers were prepared by electrochemical oxidation of thin Al-seed layers in 0.22 M C2H2O4, applying anodization voltages of 20-60 V. The AAO layers are characterized by a mean pore diameter varying from 15 to 40 nm, a mean pore distance of 40-130 nm, a total porosity of ≈ 10% and a thickness of 560 ± 40 nm. Zeta potential and isoelectric point (iep) were derived from streaming potential measurements and correlated to the topology variation of the nanoporous AAO layers. With decreasing pore diameter a shift of iep from ≈ 7.9 (pore diameter 40 nm) to ≈ 6.7 (pore diameter 15 nm) was observed. Plain alumina layers, however, possess an iep of ≈ 9. Compared to the plain alumina surface an enhanced adherence and activity of hFOB cells was observed on the nanoporous AAO after 24h culture with a maximum at a pore size of 40 nm. The topology-induced change of the electrochemical surface state may have a strong impact on protein adsorption as well as on cell adhesion, which offers a high potential for the development of bioactive AAO coatings on various biomaterial substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Joana Pedimonte
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martens-str. 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Cornelius von Wilmowsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Fey
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martens-str. 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Greil
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martens-str. 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Song Y, Ju Y, Morita Y, Xu B, Song G. Surface functionalization of nanoporous alumina with bone morphogenetic protein 2 for inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:120-6. [PMID: 24582231 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the possibility to regulate cellular behavior by manipulating the specific characteristics of biomaterials including the physical features and chemical properties. To investigate the synergistic effect of chemical factors and surface topography on the growth behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone morphorgenic protein 2 (BMP2) was immobilized onto porous alumina substrates with different pore sizes. The BMP2-immobilized alumina substrates were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Growth behavior and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs cultured on the different substrates were investigated. Cell adhesion and morphological changes were observed with SEM, and the results showed that the BMP2-immobilized alumina substrate was able to promote adhesion and spreading of MSCs. MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining of integrin β1 revealed that the BMP2-immobilized alumina substrates were favorable for cell growth. To evaluate the differentiation of MSCs, osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization, were investigated. Compared with those of untreated alumina substrates, significantly higher ALP activities and mineralization were detected in cells cultured on BMP2-immobilized alumina substrates. The results suggested that surface functionalization of nanoporous alumina substrates with BMP2 was beneficial for cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. With the approach of immobilizing growth factors onto material substrates, it provided a new insight to exploit novel biofunctional materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Baiyao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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30
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Santos A, Sinn Aw M, Bariana M, Kumeria T, Wang Y, Losic D. Drug-releasing implants: current progress, challenges and perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6157-6182. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the different types and concepts of drug-releasing implants using new nanomaterials and nanotechnology-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Moom Sinn Aw
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manpreet Bariana
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
- School of Dentistry
- The University of Adelaide
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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31
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Sinn Aw M, Kurian M, Losic D. Non-eroding drug-releasing implants with ordered nanoporous and nanotubular structures: concepts for controlling drug release. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:10-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Song Y, Ju Y, Morita Y, Song G. Effect of the nanostructure of porous alumina on growth behavior of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Song Y, Ju Y, Song G, Morita Y. In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on nanoporous alumina. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2745-56. [PMID: 23935364 PMCID: PMC3735283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation are significantly affected by the surface topography of the substrates on which the cells are cultured. Alumina is one of the most popular implant materials used in orthopedics, but few data are available concerning the cellular responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown on nanoporous structures. MSCs were cultured on smooth alumina substrates and nanoporous alumina substrates to investigate the interaction between surface topographies of nanoporous alumina and cellular behavior. Nanoporous alumina substrates with pore sizes of 20 nm and 100 nm were used to evaluate the effect of pore size on MSCs as measured by proliferation, morphology, expression of integrin β1, and osteogenic differentiation. An MTT assay was used to measure cell viability of MSCs on different substrates, and determined that cell viability decreased with increasing pore size. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the effect of pore size on cell morphology. Extremely elongated cells and prominent cell membrane protrusions were observed in cells cultured on alumina with the larger pore size. The expression of integrin β1 was enhanced in MSCs cultured on porous alumina, revealing that porous alumina substrates were more favorable for cell growth than smooth alumina substrates. Higher levels of osteoblastic differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and mineralization were detected in cells cultured on alumina with 100 nm pores compared with cells cultured on alumina with either 20 nm pores or smooth alumina. This work demonstrates that cellular behavior is affected by variation in pore size, providing new insight into the potential application of this novel biocompatible material for the developing field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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34
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Treccani L, Yvonne Klein T, Meder F, Pardun K, Rezwan K. Functionalized ceramics for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7115-50. [PMID: 23567940 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization has become of paramount importance and is considered a fundamental tool for the development and design of countless devices and engineered systems for key technological areas in biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications. In this review, surface functionalization strategies for alumina, zirconia, titania, silica, iron oxide and calcium phosphate are presented and discussed. These materials have become particularly important concerning the aforementioned applications, being not only of great academic, but also of steadily increasing human and commercial, interest. In this review, special emphasis is given to their use as biomaterials, biosensors, biological targets, drug delivery systems, implants, chromatographic supports for biomolecule purification and analysis, and adsorbents for toxic substances and pollutants. The objective of this review is to provide a broad picture of the enormous possibilities offered by surface functionalization and to identify particular challenges regarding surface analysis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Treccani
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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35
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Salerno M, Caneva-Soumetz F, Pastorino L, Patra N, Diaspro A, Ruggiero C. Adhesion and Proliferation of Osteoblast-Like Cells on Anodic Porous Alumina Substrates With Different Morphology. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2013; 12:106-11. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2013.2257835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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37
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38
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Wang PY, Clements LR, Thissen H, Tsai WB, Voelcker NH. High-throughput characterisation of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using pore size gradients on porous alumina. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:924-932. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Abstract
Synthetic nanoporous membranes have been used in numerous biosensing applications, such as glucose detection, nucleic acid detection, bacteria detection, and cell-based sensing. The increased surface affinity area and enhanced output sensing signals make the nanoporous membranes increasingly attractive as biosensing platforms. Surface modification techniques can be used to improve surface properties for realizable bioanalyte immobilization, conjugation, and detection. Combined with realizable detection techniques such as electrochemical and optical detection methods, nanoporous membrane–based biosensors have advantages, including rapid response, high sensitivity, and low cost. In this paper, an overview of nanoporous membranes for biosensing application is given. Types of nanoporous membranes including polymer membranes, inorganic membranes, membranes with nanopores fabricated using nanolithography, and nanotube-based membranes are introduced. The fabrication techniques of nanoporous membranes are also discussed. The key requirements of nanoporous membranes for biosensing applications include surface functionality for bioanalyte immobilization, biocompatibility, mechanical and chemical stability, and anti-biofouling capability. The recent advances and development of nanoporous membrane–based biosensors are discussed, especially for the sensing mechanism and surface functionalization strategies. Finally, the challenges and future development of nanoporous membrane for biosensing applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- YANG MO
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Biomedical Engineering Programme, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - TAN FEI
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Biomedical Engineering Programme, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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40
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Swaminathan V, Tchao R, Jonnalagadda S. Physical characterization of thin semi-porous poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) membranes for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:1321-33. [DOI: 10.1163/156856207782177864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Swaminathan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. Tchao
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S. Jonnalagadda
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Cao X, Yu WQ, Qiu J, Zhao YF, Zhang YL, Zhang FQ. RGD peptide immobilized on TiO2 nanotubes for increased bone marrow stromal cells adhesion and osteogenic gene expression. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:527-536. [PMID: 22143905 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, TiO(2) nanotube layers are widely used in orthopedics and dental applications because of their good promotion effect on bone cells. Furthermore, peptide sequences such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid are used to modify Ti implant for binding to cell surface integrins through motif. In this study, a cellular adhesive peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-cysteine (RGDC) was immobilized onto anodized TiO(2) nanotubes on Ti to examine its in vitro responses on rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. High-resolution C1s scans suggested the presence of RGDC on the surface and SEM images confirmed the nanotubes were not destroyed after modification. BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic gene expression were detected in TiO(2) nanotube layers with and without RGDC modification by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, SEM, and realtime polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Results showed that the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC increased BMSCs adhesion compared to nonfunctionalized nanotubes after 4 h of cultivation. Furthermore, the osteogenic gene expression of BMSCs was dramatically enhanced on the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (10 mM) compared to the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (1 mM) and non-functionalized anodized Ti. Our results from in vitro study provided evidence that Ti anodized to possess nanotubes and then further functionalized with RGDC should be further studied for the design of better biomedical implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology and Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Kim JH, Seo S, Min J. Epithelial cell patterns on a PDMS polymer surface using a micro plasma structure. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:308-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Flavel BS, Sweetman MJ, Shearer CJ, Shapter JG, Voelcker NH. Micropatterned arrays of porous silicon: toward sensory biointerfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:2463-2471. [PMID: 21699143 DOI: 10.1021/am2003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the fabrication of arrays of porous silicon spots by means of photolithography where a positive photoresist serves as a mask during the anodization process. In particular, photoluminescent arrays and porous silicon spots suitable for further chemical modification and the attachment of human cells were created. The produced arrays of porous silicon were chemically modified by means of a thermal hydrosilylation reaction that facilitated immobilization of the fluorescent dye lissamine, and alternatively, the cell adhesion peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine. The latter modification enabled the selective attachment of human lens epithelial cells on the peptide functionalized regions of the patterns. This type of surface patterning, using etched porous silicon arrays functionalized with biological recognition elements, presents a new format of interfacing porous silicon with mammalian cells. Porous silicon arrays with photoluminescent properties produced by this patterning strategy also have potential applications as platforms for in situ monitoring of cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Flavel
- Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Lee HJ, Kim DN, Park S, Lee Y, Koh WG. Micropatterning of a nanoporous alumina membrane with poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel to create cellular micropatterns on nanotopographic substrates. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1281-9. [PMID: 21056702 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a simple method for fabricating micropatterned nanoporous substrates that are capable of controlling the spatial positioning of mammalian cells. Micropatterned substrates were prepared by fabricating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microstructures on alumina membranes with 200 nm nanopores using photolithography. Because hydrogel precursor solution could infiltrate and become crosslinked within the nanopores, the resultant hydrogel micropatterns were firmly anchored on the substrate without the use of adhesion-promoting monolayers, thereby allow tailoring of the surface properties of unpatterned nanoporous areas. For mammalian cell patterning, arrays of microwells of different dimensions were fabricated. These microwells were composed of hydrophilic PEG hydrogel walls surrounding nanoporous bottoms that were modified with cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides. Because the PEG hydrogel was non-adhesive towards proteins and cells, cells adhered selectively and remained viable within the RGD-modified nanoporous regions, thereby creating cellular micropatterns. Although the morphology of cell clusters and the number of cells inside one microwell were dependent on the lateral dimension of the microwells, adhered cells that were in direct contact with nanopores were able to penetrate into the nanopores by small extensions (filopodia) for all the different sizes of microwells evaluated.
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Sreejalekshmi KG, Nair PD. Biomimeticity in tissue engineering scaffolds through synthetic peptide modifications-altering chemistry for enhanced biological response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:477-91. [PMID: 21171167 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic and bioactive biomaterials are desirable as tissue engineering scaffolds by virtue of their capability to mimic natural environments of the extracellular matrix. Biomimeticity has been achieved by the incorporation of synthetic short peptide sequences into suitable materials either by surface modification or by bulk incorporation. Research in this area has identified several novel synthetic peptide segments, some of them with cell-specific interactions, which may serve as potential candidates for use in explicit tissue applications. This review focuses on the developments and prospective directions of incorporating short synthetic peptide sequences onto scaffolds for tissue engineering, with emphasis on the chemistry of peptide immobilization and subsequent cell responses toward modified scaffolds. The article provides a decision-tree-type flow chart indicating the most probable cellular events on a given peptide-modified scaffold along with the consolidated list of synthetic peptide sequences, supports as well as cell types used in various tissue engineering studies, and aims to serve as a quick reference guide to peptide chemists and material scientists interested in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran G Sreejalekshmi
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Satelmond Palace, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India, India.
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Smith BS, Yoriya S, Grissom L, Grimes CA, Popat KC. Hemocompatibility of titania nanotube arrays. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:350-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Narayan RJ, Adiga SP, Pellin MJ, Curtiss LA, Hryn AJ, Stafslien S, Chisholm B, Shih CC, Shih CM, Lin SJ, Su YY, Jin C, Zhang J, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Elam JW. Atomic layer deposition-based functionalization of materials for medical and environmental health applications. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:2033-64. [PMID: 20308114 PMCID: PMC2944392 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous alumina membranes exhibit high pore densities, well-controlled and uniform pore sizes, as well as straight pores. Owing to these unusual properties, nanoporous alumina membranes are currently being considered for use in implantable sensor membranes and water purification membranes. Atomic layer deposition is a thin-film growth process that may be used to modify the pore size in a nanoporous alumina membrane while retaining a narrow pore distribution. In addition, films deposited by means of atomic layer deposition may impart improved biological functionality to nanoporous alumina membranes. In this study, zinc oxide coatings and platinum coatings were deposited on nanoporous alumina membranes by means of atomic layer deposition. PEGylated nanoporous alumina membranes were prepared by self-assembly of 1-mercaptoundec-11-yl hexa(ethylene glycol) on platinum-coated nanoporous alumina membranes. The pores of the PEGylated nanoporous alumina membranes remained free of fouling after exposure to human platelet-rich plasma; protein adsorption, fibrin networks and platelet aggregation were not observed on the coated membrane surface. Zinc oxide-coated nanoporous alumina membranes demonstrated activity against two waterborne pathogens, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this work indicate that nanoporous alumina membranes may be modified using atomic layer deposition for use in a variety of medical and environmental health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, 2147 Burlington Engineering Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115, USA.
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Chung SH, Son SJ, Min J. The nanostructure effect on the adhesion and growth rates of epithelial cells with well-defined nanoporous alumina substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:125104. [PMID: 20195010 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We systematically analyzed the adhesion and the proliferation of cells on various nanoporous alumina surfaces to understand the effects of nanostructured surfaces on cell behavior. Various nanoporous surfaces were fabricated using the anodizing method and characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion rate and proliferation rate of cells as functions of pore size and depth were statistically investigated using a colorimetric method. The adhesion rate of cells was not affected by the depth of the nanoporous surface whereas the proliferation of cells dramatically increased when the aspect ratio of the nanopore was near unity. This phenomenon was further verified by comparing the change in roughness of the cytoplasmic layer of cells adhered on a nanoporous surface with that of a bare nanoporous surface. The proliferation of cells was also influenced by the pore size of the nanoporous surface because the nanostructure could control the interaction between extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and the surface. In conclusion, the nanostructured surfaces affected cell adhesion and proliferation by increasing the surface area to which the cells could adhere, and the interactions between small ECM molecules were influenced by the sufficiently small structures of the nanosurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Parkinson LG, Giles NL, Adcroft KF, Fear MW, Wood FM, Poinern GE. The potential of nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide membranes to influence skin wound repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3753-63. [PMID: 19527180 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to changes in the environment by altering their phenotype. The ability to influence cell behavior by modifying their environment provides an opportunity for therapeutic application, for example, to promote faster wound healing in response to skin injury. Here, we have modified the preparation of an aluminium oxide template to generate large uniform membranes with differing nano-pore sizes. Epidermal cells (keratinocytes) and dermal cells (fibroblasts) readily adhere to these nanoporous membranes. The pore size appears to influence the rate of cell proliferation and migration, important aspects of cell behavior during wound healing. The suitability of the membrane to act as a dressing after a burn injury was assessed in vivo; application of the membrane demonstrated adherence and conformability to the skin surface of a pig, with no observed degradation or detrimental effect on the repair. Our results suggest that keratinocytes are sensitive to changes in topography at the nanoscale level and that this property may be exploited to improve wound repair after tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Parkinson
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience, School of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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