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Chapman M, Rajagopal V, Stewart A, Collins DJ. Critical review of single-cell mechanotyping approaches for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3036-3063. [PMID: 38804123 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Accurate mechanical measurements of cells has the potential to improve diagnostics, therapeutics and advance understanding of disease mechanisms, where high-resolution mechanical information can be measured by deforming individual cells. Here we evaluate recently developed techniques for measuring cell-scale stiffness properties; while many such techniques have been developed, much of the work examining single-cell stiffness is impacted by difficulties in standardization and comparability, giving rise to large variations in reported mechanical moduli. We highlight the role of underlying mechanical theories driving this variability, and note opportunities to develop novel mechanotyping devices and theoretical models that facilitate convenient and accurate mechanical characterisation. Moreover, many high-throughput approaches are confounded by factors including cell size, surface friction, natural population heterogeneity and convolution of elastic and viscous contributions to cell deformability. We nevertheless identify key approaches based on deformability cytometry as a promising direction for further development, where both high-throughput and accurate single-cell resolutions can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Chapman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alastair Stewart
- ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Graeme Clarke Institute University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Nejati S, Mongeau L. In Vitro Investigation of Vocal Fold Cellular Response to Variations in Hydrogel Porosity and Elasticity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3909-3922. [PMID: 38783819 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is intricately influenced by the dynamic interplay between the physical attributes of tissue engineering scaffolds and the resulting biological responses. A tunable microporous hydrogel system was engineered using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), with polyethylene glycol (PEG) serving as a porogen. Through systematic variation of PEGDA molecular weights, hydrogels with varying mechanical and architectural properties were obtained. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the impact of substrate mechanics and architecture on the immunological and reparative activities of vocal fold tissues. Mechanical characterization of the hydrogels was performed using tensile strength measurements and rheometry. Their morphological properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. A series of biological assays were conducted. Cellular morphology, differentiation, and collagen synthesis of human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) were evaluated using immunostaining. Fibroblast proliferation was studied using the WST-1 assay, and cell migration was investigated via the Boyden chamber assay. Macrophage polarization and secretions were also examined using immunostaining and ELISA. The results revealed that increasing the molecular weight of PEGDA from 700 Da to 10,000 Da resulted in decreased hydrogel stiffness, from 62.6 to 8.8 kPa, and increased pore dimensions from approximately 64.9 to 137.4 μm. Biological evaluations revealed that hydrogels with a higher stiffness promoted fibroblast proliferation and spreading, albeit with an increased propensity for fibrosis, as indicated by a surge in myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. In contrast, hydrogels with greater molecular weights had a softer matrix with expanded pores, enhancing cellular migration and promoting an M2 macrophage phenotype conducive to tissue healing. The findings show that the hydrogels formulated with a PEGDA molecular weight of 6000 Da are best among the hydrogels considered for vocal fold repair. The microporous hydrogels could be tuned to serve in other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nejati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
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3
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Dang J, Huang S, Li S, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang L, Wang J, Chen H, Xu S. Effects of the Biomimetic Microstructure in Electrospun Fiber Sutures and Mechanical Tension on Tissue Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29087-29097. [PMID: 38788159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun microfibers, designed to emulate the extracellular matrix (ECM), play a crucial role in regulating the cellular microenvironment for tissue repair. Understanding their mechanical influence and inherent biological interactions at the ECM interface, however, remains a complex challenge. This study delves into the role of mechanical cues in tissue repair by fabricating Col/PLCL microfibers with varying chemical compositions and alignments that mimic the structure of the ECM. Furthermore, we optimized these microfibers to create the Col/PLCL@PDO aligned suture, with a specific emphasis on mechanical tension in tissue repair. The result reveals that within fibers of identical chemical composition, fibroblast proliferation is more pronounced in aligned fibers than in unaligned ones. Moreover, cells on aligned fibers exhibit an increased aspect ratio. In vivo experiments demonstrated that as the tension increased to a certain level, cell proliferation augmented, cells assumed more elongated morphologies with distinct protrusions, and there was an elevated secretion of collagen III and tension suture, facilitating soft tissue repair. This research illuminates the structural and mechanical dynamics of electrospun fiber scaffolds; it will provide crucial insights for the advancement of precise and controllable tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shifen Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zibo Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Zhang J, Li X, Tian Y, Zou J, Gan D, Deng D, Jiao C, Yin Y, Tian B, Wu R, Chen F, He X. Harnessing Mechanical Stress with Viscoelastic Biomaterials for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309562. [PMID: 38460171 PMCID: PMC11095218 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of mechanically sensitive tissues such as periodontal ligaments (PDLs) is key in maintaining mechanical homeostasis. Unfortunately, PDLs easily lose viscoelasticity (e.g., stress relaxation) during periodontitis or dental trauma, which disrupt cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and accelerates tissue damage. Here, Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) hydrogels with PDL-matched stress relaxation rates and high elastic moduli are developed. The hydrogel viscoelasticity is modulated without chemical cross-linking by controlling precursor concentrations. Under cytomechanical loading, F127DA hydrogels with fast relaxation rates significantly improved the fibrogenic differentiation potential of PDL stem cells (PDLSCs), while cells cultured on F127DA hydrogels with various stress relaxation rates exhibited similar fibrogenic differentiation potentials with limited cell spreading and traction forces under static conditions. Mechanically, faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels leveraged cytomechanical loading to activate PDLSC mechanotransduction by upregulating integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway and thus cytoskeletal rearrangement, reinforcing cell-ECM interactions. In vivo experiments confirm that faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels significantly promoted PDL repair and reduced abnormal healing (e.g., root resorption and ankyloses) in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. This study firstly investigated how matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity influences the fibrogenesis of PDLSCs under mechanical stimuli, and it reveals the underlying mechanobiology, which suggests novel strategies for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu‐Jiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Jie‐Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dao‐Kun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Chen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Bei‐Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Rui‐Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Fa‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiao‐Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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Sakamoto N, Ito K, Ii S, Conway DE, Ueda Y, Nagatomi J. A homeostatic role of nucleus-actin filament coupling in the regulation of cellular traction forces in fibroblasts. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01839-1. [PMID: 38502433 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cellular traction forces are contractile forces that depend on the material/substrate stiffness and play essential roles in sensing mechanical environments and regulating cell morphology and function. Traction forces are primarily generated by the actin cytoskeleton and transmitted to the substrate through focal adhesions. The cell nucleus is also believed to be involved in the regulation of this type of force; however, the role of the nucleus in cellular traction forces remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of nucleus-actin filament coupling on cellular traction forces in human dermal fibroblasts cultured on substrates with varying stiffness (5, 15, and 48 kPa). To investigate these effects, we transfected the cells with a dominant-negative Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne homology (DN-KASH) protein that was designed to displace endogenous linker proteins and disrupt nucleus-actin cytoskeleton connections. The force that exists between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus (nuclear tension) was also evaluated with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension sensor. We observed a biphasic change in cellular traction forces with a peak at 15 kPa, regardless of DN-KASH expression, that was inversely correlated with the nuclear tension. In addition, the relative magnitude and distribution of traction forces in nontreated wild-type cells were similar across different stiffness conditions, while DN-KASH-transfected cells exhibited a different distribution pattern that was impacted by the substrate stiffness. These results suggest that the nucleus-actin filament coupling play a homeostatic role by maintaining the relative magnitude of cellular traction forces in fibroblasts under different stiffness conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami- Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
- Research Center for Medicine-Engineering Collaboration, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami- Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ii
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami- Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- Research Center for Medicine-Engineering Collaboration, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami- Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jiro Nagatomi
- Research Center for Medicine-Engineering Collaboration, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634-0905, USA
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Chandrakumar S, Santiago Tierno I, Agarwal M, Lessieur EM, Du Y, Tang J, Kiser J, Yang X, Rodriguez A, Kern TS, Ghosh K. Mechanical Regulation of Retinal Vascular Inflammation and Degeneration in Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:280-291. [PMID: 37986627 PMCID: PMC10796303 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is known to cause degeneration of retinal capillaries in early diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major microvascular complication of diabetes. Past studies investigating these diabetes-induced retinal vascular abnormalities have focused primarily on the role of molecular or biochemical cues. Here we show that retinal vascular inflammation and degeneration in diabetes are also mechanically regulated by the increase in retinal vascular stiffness caused by overexpression of the collagen-cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). Treatment of diabetic mice with LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) prevented the increase in retinal capillary stiffness, vascular intracellular adhesion molecule-1 overexpression, and leukostasis. Consistent with these anti-inflammatory effects, BAPN treatment of diabetic mice blocked the upregulation of proapoptotic caspase-3 in retinal vessels, which concomitantly reduced retinal capillary degeneration, pericyte ghost formation, and the diabetes-induced loss of contrast sensitivity in these mice. Finally, our in vitro studies indicate that retinal capillary stiffening is sufficient to increase the adhesiveness and neutrophil elastase-induced death of retinal endothelial cells. By uncovering a link between LOX-dependent capillary stiffening and the development of retinal vascular and functional defects in diabetes, these findings offer a new insight into DR pathogenesis that has important translational potential. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Chandrakumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA
| | - Irene Santiago Tierno
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA
| | - Emma M. Lessieur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jianying Kiser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Timothy S. Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Sadat Z, Lalebeigi F, Naderi N, Panahi L, Ganjali F, Mahdian S, Saadatidizaji Z, Mahdavi M, Chidar E, Soleimani E, Ghaee A, Maleki A, Zare I. Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:337-366. [PMID: 38235087 PMCID: PMC10790973 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical properties, such as elasticity modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, density, creep, toughness, brittleness, durability, stiffness, creep rupture, corrosion and wear, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and fatigue limit, are some of the most important features of a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the scaffolds used in tissue engineering must exhibit mechanical and biological behaviour close to the target tissue. Thus, a variety of materials has been studied for enhancing the mechanical performance of composites. Carbon-based nanostructures, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibrous carbon nanostructures, and nanodiamonds (NDs), have shown great potential for this purpose. This is owing to their biocompatibility, high chemical and physical stability, ease of functionalization, and numerous surface functional groups with the capability to form covalent bonds and electrostatic interactions with other components in the composite, thus significantly enhancing their mechanical properties. Considering the outstanding capabilities of carbon nanostructures in enhancing the mechanical properties of biocomposites and increasing their applicability in tissue engineering and the lack of comprehensive studies on their biosafety and role in increasing the mechanical behaviour of scaffolds, a comprehensive review on carbon nanostructures is provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Nooshin Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Leila Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ganjali
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Sakineh Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatidizaji
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Chidar
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Erfan Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran P.O. Box 14395-1561 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd Shiraz 7178795844 Iran
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8
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Nogoceke R, Josino R, Robert AW, Stimamiglio MA. Evaluation of a Peptide Hydrogel as a Chondro-Instructive Three-Dimensional Microenvironment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4630. [PMID: 38139882 PMCID: PMC10747086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are inherently irreversible, even with the advancement in current therapeutic options. Alternative approaches, such as the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and tissue engineering techniques, have gained prominence. MSCs represent an ideal source of cells due to their low immunogenicity, paracrine activity, and ability to differentiate. Among biomaterials, self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPH) are interesting given their characteristics such as good biocompatibility and tunable properties. Herein we associate human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with a commercial SAPH, Puramatrix™, to evaluate how this three-dimensional microenvironment affects cell behavior and its ability to undergo chondrogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that the Puramatrix™ hydrogel comprises a highly porous matrix permissible for hASC adhesion and in vitro expansion. The morphology and cell growth dynamics of hASCs were affected when cultured on the hydrogel but had minimal alteration in their immunophenotype. Interestingly, hASCs spontaneously formed cell aggregates throughout culturing. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan production and gene expression revealed a noteworthy and donor-dependent trend suggesting that Puramatrix™ hydrogel may have a natural capacity to support the chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs. Altogether, the results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and limitations of the Puramatrix™ hydrogel in developing functional cartilage tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (R.N.); (R.J.)
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (R.N.); (R.J.)
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9
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Okhovatian S, Shakeri A, Huyer LD, Radisic M. Elastomeric Polyesters in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Organs-on-a-Chip. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4511-4531. [PMID: 37639715 PMCID: PMC10915885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue constructs provide unique design requirements due to their functional responses to substrate mechanical properties and cyclic stretching behavior of cardiac tissue that requires the use of durable elastic materials. Given the diversity of polyester synthesis approaches, an opportunity exists to develop a new class of biocompatible, elastic, and immunomodulatory cardiovascular polymers. Furthermore, elastomeric polyester materials have the capability to provide tailored biomechanical synergy with native tissue and hence reduce inflammatory response in vivo and better support tissue maturation in vitro. In this review, we highlight underlying chemistry and design strategies of polyester elastomers optimized for cardiac tissue scaffolds. The major advantages of these materials such as their tunable elasticity, desirable biodegradation, and potential for incorporation of bioactive compounds are further expanded. Unique fabrication methods using polyester materials such as micromolding, 3D stamping, electrospinning, laser ablation, and 3D printing are discussed. Moreover, applications of these biomaterials in cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip devices and patches are analyzed. Finally, we outline unaddressed challenges in the field that need further study to enable the impactful translation of soft polyesters to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3G9; Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto; Ontario, M5G 2C4; Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 3E5; Canada
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10
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Wahlsten A, Stracuzzi A, Lüchtefeld I, Restivo G, Lindenblatt N, Giampietro C, Ehret AE, Mazza E. Multiscale mechanical analysis of the elastic modulus of skin. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:155-168. [PMID: 37598792 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the skin determine tissue function and regulate dermal cell behavior. Yet measuring these properties remains challenging, as evidenced by the large range of elastic moduli reported in the literature-from below one kPa to hundreds of MPa. Here, we reconcile these disparate results by dedicated experiments at both tissue and cellular length scales and by computational models considering the multiscale and multiphasic tissue structure. At the macroscopic tissue length scale, the collective behavior of the collagen fiber network under tension provides functional tissue stiffness, and its properties determine the corresponding elastic modulus (100-200 kPa). The compliant microscale environment (0.1-10 kPa), probed by atomic force microscopy, arises from the ground matrix without engaging the collagen fiber network. Our analysis indicates that indentation-based elasticity measurements, although probing tissue properties at the cell-relevant length scale, do not assess the deformation mechanisms activated by dermal cells when exerting traction forces on the extracellular matrix. Using dermal-equivalent collagen hydrogels, we demonstrate that indentation measurements of tissue stiffness do not correlate with the behavior of embedded dermal fibroblasts. These results provide a deeper understanding of tissue mechanics across length scales with important implications for skin mechanobiology and tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Measuring the mechanical properties of the skin is essential for understanding dermal cell mechanobiology and designing tissue-engineered skin substitutes. However, previous results reported for the elastic modulus of skin vary by six orders of magnitude. We show that two distinct deformation mechanisms, related to the tension-compression nonlinearity of the collagen fiber network, can explain the large variations in elastic moduli. Furthermore, we show that microscale indentation, which is frequently used to assess the stiffness perceived by cells, fails to engage the fiber network, and therefore cannot predict the behavior of dermal fibroblasts in stiffness-tunable fibrous hydrogels. This has important implications for how to measure and interpret the mechanical properties of soft tissues across length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wahlsten
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Stracuzzi
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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11
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Harbin Z, Sohutskay D, Vanderlaan E, Fontaine M, Mendenhall C, Fisher C, Voytik-Harbin S, Tepole AB. Computational mechanobiology model evaluating healing of postoperative cavities following breast-conserving surgery. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107342. [PMID: 37647782 PMCID: PMC10581740 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type worldwide. Given high survivorship, increased focus has been placed on long-term treatment outcomes and patient quality of life. While breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the preferred treatment strategy for early-stage breast cancer, anticipated healing and breast deformation (cosmetic) outcomes weigh heavily on surgeon and patient selection between BCS and more aggressive mastectomy procedures. Unfortunately, surgical outcomes following BCS are difficult to predict, owing to the complexity of the tissue repair process and significant patient-to-patient variability. To overcome this challenge, we developed a predictive computational mechanobiological model that simulates breast healing and deformation following BCS. The coupled biochemical-biomechanical model incorporates multi-scale cell and tissue mechanics, including collagen deposition and remodeling, collagen-dependent cell migration and contractility, and tissue plastic deformation. Available human clinical data evaluating cavity contraction and histopathological data from an experimental porcine lumpectomy study were used for model calibration. The computational model was successfully fit to data by optimizing biochemical and mechanobiological parameters through Gaussian process surrogates. The calibrated model was then applied to define key mechanobiological parameters and relationships influencing healing and breast deformation outcomes. Variability in patient characteristics including cavity-to-breast volume percentage and breast composition were further evaluated to determine effects on cavity contraction and breast cosmetic outcomes, with simulation outcomes aligning well with previously reported human studies. The proposed model has the potential to assist surgeons and their patients in developing and discussing individualized treatment plans that lead to more satisfying post-surgical outcomes and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Harbin
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David Sohutskay
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emma Vanderlaan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Muira Fontaine
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carly Mendenhall
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carla Fisher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sherry Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Adrian Buganza Tepole
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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12
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SubramanianBalachandar V, Islam MM, Steward RL. A machine learning approach to predict cellular mechanical stresses in response to chemical perturbation. Biophys J 2023; 122:3413-3424. [PMID: 37496269 PMCID: PMC10502424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stresses generated at the cell-cell level and cell-substrate level have been suggested to be important in a host of physiological and pathological processes. However, the influence various chemical compounds have on the mechanical stresses mentioned above is poorly understood, hindering the discovery of novel therapeutics, and representing a barrier in the field. To overcome this barrier, we implemented two approaches: 1) monolayer boundary predictor and 2) discretized window predictor utilizing either stepwise linear regression or quadratic support vector machine machine learning model to predict the dose-dependent response of tractions and intercellular stresses to chemical perturbation. We used experimental traction and intercellular stress data gathered from samples subject to 0.2 or 2 μg/mL drug concentrations along with cell morphological properties extracted from the bright-field images as predictors to train our model. To demonstrate the predictive capability of our machine learning models, we predicted tractions and intercellular stresses in response to 0 and 1 μg/mL drug concentrations which were not utilized in the training sets. Results revealed the discretized window predictor trained just with four samples (292 images) to best predict both intercellular stresses and tractions using the quadratic support vector machine and stepwise linear regression models, respectively, for the unseen sample images.
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Affiliation(s)
- VigneshAravind SubramanianBalachandar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Md Mydul Islam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - R L Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
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13
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Leach T, Gandhi U, Reeves KD, Stumpf K, Okuda K, Marini FC, Walker SJ, Boucher R, Chan J, Cox LA, Atala A, Murphy SV. Development of a novel air-liquid interface airway tissue equivalent model for in vitro respiratory modeling studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10137. [PMID: 37349353 PMCID: PMC10287689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human airways are complex structures with important interactions between cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the biomechanical microenvironment. A robust, well-differentiated in vitro culture system that accurately models these interactions would provide a useful tool for studying normal and pathological airway biology. Here, we report the development and characterization of a physiologically relevant air-liquid interface (ALI) 3D airway 'organ tissue equivalent' (OTE) model with three novel features: native pulmonary fibroblasts, solubilized lung ECM, and hydrogel substrate with tunable stiffness and porosity. We demonstrate the versatility of the OTE model by evaluating the impact of these features on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell phenotype. Variations of this model were analyzed during 28 days of ALI culture by evaluating epithelial confluence, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and epithelial phenotype via multispectral immuno-histochemistry and next-generation sequencing. Cultures that included both solubilized lung ECM and native pulmonary fibroblasts within the hydrogel substrate formed well-differentiated ALI cultures that maintained a barrier function and expressed mature epithelial markers relating to goblet, club, and ciliated cells. Modulation of hydrogel stiffness did not negatively impact HBE differentiation and could be a valuable variable to alter epithelial phenotype. This study highlights the feasibility and versatility of a 3D airway OTE model to model the multiple components of the human airway 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Leach
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Uma Gandhi
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kimberly D Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kristina Stumpf
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Richard Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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14
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Zhou G, Wang C, Wu C, Zhang W. Active learning model for extracting elastic modulus of cell on substrate. Biophys J 2023; 122:2489-2499. [PMID: 37147802 PMCID: PMC10323012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell elastic modulus (Ec) is widely used as the mechanics-based marker to analyze the biological effects of substrates on cells. However, the employment of the Hertz model to extract the apparent Ec can cause errors due to the disobedience of the small deformation assumption and the infinite half-space assumption, as well as an inability to deduct the deformation of the substrate. So far, no model can effectively solve the errors caused by the above-mentioned aspects simultaneously. In response to this, herein, we propose an active learning model to extract Ec. The numerical calculation with finite element suggests the good prediction accuracy of the model. The indentation experiments on both hydrogel and cell indicate that the established model can efficiently reduce the error caused by the method of extracting Ec. The application of this model may facilitate our understanding about the role of Ec in correlating the stiffness of substrate and the biological behavior of cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
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15
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Egberts G, Vermolen F, van Zuijlen P. Stability of a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model for post-burn contraction. J Math Biol 2023; 86:59. [PMID: 36964257 PMCID: PMC10038978 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
We consider the stability analysis of a two-dimensional model for post-burn contraction. The model is based on morphoelasticity for permanent deformations and combined with a chemical-biological model that incorporates cellular densities, collagen density, and the concentration of chemoattractants. We formulate stability conditions depending on the decay rate of signaling molecules for both the continuous partial differential equations-based problem and the (semi-)discrete representation. We analyze the difference and convergence between the resulting spatial eigenvalues from the continuous and semi-discrete problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Egberts
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Fred Vermolen
- Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Data Science Institute (DSI), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- Burn Centre and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Liu Z, Nan H, Chiou YS, Zhan Z, Lobie PE, Hu C. Selective Formation of Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Tissues for Cartilage Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202008. [PMID: 36353894 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered periosteum substitutes (TEPSs) incorporating hierarchical architecture with osteoprogenitor and vascular niches are drawing much attention as a promising tool to support functional cells in defined zones and nourish the cortical bone. Current TEPSs usually lack technologies to closely observe cell performance, especially at the cell contact interface between distinct compartments containing defined biological configurations and functions. Here, an electrodeposition strategy is reported, which enables the selective formation of TEPSs with osteoprogenitor and vascular niches in a multiphasic scaffold in combination with different human cell types for cartilage regeneration in an in vivo osteochondral defect model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are used to mirror both the vascular and osteogenic niches, respectively. It is observed that the intrinsic viscoelastic nature of the porous solid matrix is essential to successfully induce angiogenesis. Coculture of hMSCs with functional cells (HUVECs/HDFs) in TEPSs also effectively promoted periosteal regeneration, including osteogenic and angiogenic processes. The osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment and histologic/histochemical grading system data indicate that the TEPSs containing hMSCs/HUVECs/HDFs exhibit superior potential for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haochen Nan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Shiou Chiou
- Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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17
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Biomimetic nanofiber-enabled rapid creation of skin grafts. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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18
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Egberts G, Desmoulière A, Vermolen F, van Zuijlen P. Sensitivity of a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model for post-burn contraction. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:105-121. [PMID: 36229698 PMCID: PMC9957927 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional biomorphoelastic model describing post-burn scar contraction. This model describes skin displacement and the development of the effective Eulerian strain in the tissue. Besides these mechanical components, signaling molecules, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen also play a significant role in the model. We perform a sensitivity analysis for the independent parameters of the model and focus on the effects on features of the relative surface area and the total strain energy density. We conclude that the most sensitive parameters are the Poisson's ratio, the equilibrium collagen concentration, the contraction inhibitor constant, and the myofibroblast apoptosis rate. Next to these insights, we perform a sensitivity analysis where the proliferation rates of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are not the same. The impact of this model adaptation is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Egberts
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. .,Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- grid.9966.00000 0001 2165 4861Department of Physiology, and EA 6309, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fred Vermolen
- grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- grid.415746.50000 0004 0465 7034Burn Centre and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5650.60000000404654431Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Hydrogel on a Smart Nanomaterial Interface to Carry Therapeutics for Digitalized Glioma Treatment. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100664. [PMID: 36286164 PMCID: PMC9601840 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is considered the primary brain tumor to cause brain illnesses, and it is difficult to treat and shows resistance to various routine therapeutics. The most common treatments to cure glioma are the surgical removal of tumors followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The latest biocompatible interfaces have been incorporated into therapeutic modalities such as the targeted delivery of drugs using hydrogels to treat and manage brain glioma. This review illustrates the applications of the multimodal hydrogel as the carrier of therapeutics, gene therapy, therapeutic tactics, and glioma devices. The scientific articles were retrieved from 2019 to 2022 on Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened to determine whether they were suitable for review. The 20 articles that fit the study are summarized in this review. These studies indicated that the sizes of the hydrogel range from 28 nm to 500 nm. There are 16 out of 20 articles that also explain the post-surgical application of hydrogels, and 13 out of 20 articles are employed in 3D culture and other structural manifestations of hydrogels. The pros of the hydrogel include the quick formulation for a sufficient filling of irregular damage sites, solubilizing hydrophobic drugs, continuously slowing drug release, provision of a 3D cell growth environment, improving efficacy, targetability of soluble biomolecules, increasing patient compliance, and decreased side effects. The cons of the hydrogel include difficult real-time monitoring, genetic manipulations, the cumbersome synchronized release of components, and lack of safety data. The prospects of the hydrogel may include the development of electronic hydrogel sensors that can be used to enhance guidance for the precise targeting patterns using patient-specific pathological idiosyncrasies. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the precision medicine approaches that would aid in the early detection and management of solid brain tumors.
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20
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Chen PC, Feng XQ, Li B. Unified multiscale theory of cellular mechanical adaptations to substrate stiffness. Biophys J 2022; 121:3474-3485. [PMID: 35978549 PMCID: PMC9515123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigidity of the extracellular matrix markedly regulates many cellular processes. However, how cells detect and respond to matrix rigidity remains incompletely understood. Here, we propose a unified two-dimensional multiscale framework accounting for the chemomechanical feedback to explore the interrelated cellular mechanosensing, polarization, and migration, which constitute the dynamic cascade in cellular response to matrix stiffness but are often modeled separately in previous theories. By combining integrin dynamics and intracellular force transduction, we show that substrate stiffness can act as a switch to activate or deactivate cell polarization. Our theory quantitatively reproduces rich stiffness-dependent cellular dynamics, including spreading, polarity selection, migration pattern, durotaxis, and even negative durotaxis, reported in a wide spectrum of cell types, and reconciles some inconsistent experimental observations. We find that a specific bipolarized mode can determine the optimal substrate stiffness, which enables the fastest cell migration rather than the largest traction forces that cells apply on the substrate. We identify that such a mechanical adaptation stems from the force balance across the whole cell. These findings could yield universal insights into various stiffness-mediated cellular processes within the context of tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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21
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Jurj A, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Braicu C. The extracellular matrix alteration, implication in modulation of drug resistance mechanism: friends or foes? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:276. [PMID: 36114508 PMCID: PMC9479349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple components of the ECM have been shown to be altered. Although most of these alterations are represented by the increased or decreased quantity of the ECM components, changes regarding the functional alteration of a particular ECM component or of the ECM as a whole have been described. These alterations can be induced by the cancer cells directly or by the TME cells, with cancer-associated fibroblasts being of particular interest in this regard. Because the ECM has this wide array of functions in the tumor, preclinical and clinical studies have assessed the possibility of targeting the ECM, with some of them showing encouraging results. In the present review, we will highlight the most relevant ECM components presenting a comprehensive description of their physical, cellular and molecular properties which can alter the therapy response of the tumor cells. Lastly, some evidences regarding important biological processes were discussed, offering a more detailed understanding of how to modulate altered signalling pathways and to counteract drug resistance mechanisms in tumor cells.
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22
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Substrate viscosity impairs temozolomide-mediated inhibition of glioblastoma cells' growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166513. [PMID: 35932892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanical state of the extracellular environment of the brain cells considerably affects their phenotype during the development of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, and when the cells respond to drugs. The reports on the evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of different brain tumors have shown that both tissue stiffness and viscosity can be altered during cancer development. Although a compelling number of reports established the role of substrate stiffness on the proliferation, motility, and drug sensitivity of brain cancer cells, there is a lack of parallel data in terms of alterations in substrate viscosity. METHODS Based on viscoelasticity measurements of rat brain samples using strain rheometry, polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogels mimicking elastic and viscous parameters of the tissues were prepared. Optical microscopy and flow cytometry were employed to assess the differences in glioblastoma cells morphology, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of anticancer drug temozolomide (TZM) due to increased substrate viscosity. RESULTS Our results indicate that changes in substrate viscosity affect the proliferation of untreated glioma cells to a lesser extent, but have a significant impact on the apoptosis-associated depolarization of mitochondria and level of DNA fragmentation. This suggests that viscosity sensing and stiffness sensing machinery can activate different signaling pathways in glioma cells. CONCLUSION Collected data indicate that viscosity should be considered an important parameter in in vitro polymer-based cell culture systems used for drug screening.
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Polez RT, Morits M, Jonkergouw C, Phiri J, Valle-Delgado JJ, Linder MB, Maloney T, Rojas OJ, Österberg M. Biological activity of multicomponent bio-hydrogels loaded with tragacanth gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:691-704. [PMID: 35777518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Producing hydrogels capable of mimicking the biomechanics of soft tissue remains a challenge. We explore the potential of plant-based hydrogels as polysaccharide tragacanth gum and antioxidant lignin nanoparticles in bioactive multicomponent hydrogels for tissue engineering. These natural components are combined with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils, a material with known shear thinning behavior. Hydrogels presented tragacanth gum (TG) concentration-dependent rheological properties suitable for extrusion 3D printing. TG enhanced the swelling capacity up to 645 % and the degradation rate up to 1.3 %/day for hydrogels containing 75 % of TG. Young's moduli of the hydrogels varied from 5.0 to 11.6 kPa and were comparable to soft tissues like skin and muscle. In vitro cell viability assays revealed that the scaffolds were non-toxic and promoted proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Therefore, the plant-based hydrogels designed in this work have a significant potential for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Morits
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Christopher Jonkergouw
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Thaddeus Maloney
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Preobrazhenskii II, Putlyaev VI. 3D Printing of Hydrogel-Based Biocompatible Materials. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222060027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Cecen B, Bal-Ozturk A, Yasayan G, Alarcin E, Kocak P, Tutar R, Kozaci LD, Shin SR, Miri AK. Selection of natural biomaterials for micro-tissue and organ-on-chip models. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1147-1165. [PMID: 35102687 PMCID: PMC10700148 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The desired organ in micro-tissue models of organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices dictates the optimum biomaterials, divided into natural and synthetic biomaterials. They can resemble biological tissues' biological functions and architectures by constructing bioactivity of macromolecules, cells, nanoparticles, and other biological agents. The inclusion of such components in OoCs allows them having biological processes, such as basic biorecognition, enzymatic cleavage, and regulated drug release. In this report, we review natural-based biomaterials that are used in OoCs and their main characteristics. We address the preparation, modification, and characterization methods of natural-based biomaterials and summarize recent reports on their applications in the design and fabrication of micro-tissue models. This article will help bioengineers select the proper biomaterials based on developing new technologies to meet clinical expectations and improve patient outcomes fusing disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berivan Cecen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ayca Bal-Ozturk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Yasayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polen Kocak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Didem Kozaci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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26
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Vitale M, Ligorio C, Smith IP, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA, Bella J. Incorporation of Natural and Recombinant Collagen Proteins within Fmoc-Based Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels. Gels 2022; 8:254. [PMID: 35621553 PMCID: PMC9140497 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel biomaterials mimic the natural extracellular matrix through their nanofibrous ultrastructure and composition and provide an appropriate environment for cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions within their polymeric network. Hydrogels can be modified with different proteins, cytokines, or cell-adhesion motifs to control cell behavior and cell differentiation. Collagens are desirable and versatile proteins for hydrogel modification due to their abundance in the vertebrate extracellular matrix and their interactions with cell-surface receptors. Here, we report a quick, inexpensive and effective protocol for incorporation of natural, synthetic and recombinant collagens into Fmoc-based self-assembling peptide hydrogels. The hydrogels are modified through a diffusion protocol in which collagen molecules of different molecular sizes are successfully incorporated and retained over time. Characterization studies show that these collagens interact with the hydrogel fibers without affecting the overall mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels. Furthermore, the collagen molecules incorporated into the hydrogels are still biologically active and provide sites for adhesion and spreading of human fibrosarcoma cells through interaction with the α2β1 integrin. Our protocol can be used to incorporate different types of collagen molecules into peptide-based hydrogels without any prior chemical modification. These modified hydrogels could be used in studies where collagen-based substrates are required to differentiate and control the cell behavior. Our protocol can be easily adapted to the incorporation of other bioactive proteins and peptides into peptide-based hydrogels to modulate their characteristics and their interaction with different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Bella
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (M.V.); (C.L.); (I.P.S.); (S.M.R.); (J.A.H.)
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27
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Girardeau-Hubert S, Lynch B, Zuttion F, Label R, Rayee C, Brizion S, Ricois S, Martinez A, Park E, Kim C, Marinho PA, Shim JH, Jin S, Rielland M, Soeur J. Impact of microstructure on cell behavior and tissue mechanics in collagen and dermal decellularized extra-cellular matrices. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:100-114. [PMID: 35235868 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Skin models are used for many applications such as research and development or grafting. Unfortunately, most lack a proper microenvironment producing poor mechanical properties and inaccurate extra-cellular matrix composition and organization. In this report we focused on mechanical properties, extra-cellular matrix organization and cell interactions in human skin samples reconstructed with pure collagen or dermal decellularized extra-cellular matrices (S-dECM) and compared them to native human skin. We found that Full-thickness S-dECM samples presented stiffness two times higher than collagen gel and similar to ex vivo human skin, and proved for the first time that keratinocytes also impact dermal mechanical properties. This was correlated with larger fibers in S-dECM matrices compared to collagen samples and with a differential expression of F-actin, vinculin and tenascin C between S-dECM and collagen samples. This is clear proof of the microenvironment's impact on cell behaviors and mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In vitro skin models have been used for a long time for clinical applications or in vitro knowledge and evaluation studies. However, most lack a proper microenvironment producing a poor combination of mechanical properties and appropriate biological outcomes, partly due to inaccurate extra-cellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization. This can lead to limited predictivity and weakness of skin substitutes after grafting. This study shows, for the first time, the importance of a complex and rich microenvironment on cell behaviors, matrix macro- and micro-organization and mechanical properties. The increased composition and organization complexity of dermal skin decellularized extra-cellular matrix populated with differentiated cells produces in vitro skin models closer to native human skin physiology.
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28
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Cabrera AP, Stoddard J, Santiago Tierno I, Matisioudis N, Agarwal M, Renner L, Palegar N, Neuringer M, McGill T, Ghosh K. Increased cell stiffness contributes to complement-mediated injury of choroidal endothelial cells in a monkey model of early age-related macular degeneration. J Pathol 2022; 257:314-326. [PMID: 35239183 DOI: 10.1002/path.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the aging population. Yet, no therapies exist for approximately 85% of all AMD patients who have the dry form that is marked by degeneration of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and underlying choroidal vasculature. As the choroidal vessels are crucial for RPE development and maintenance, understanding how they degenerate may lead to effective therapies for dry AMD. One likely causative factor for choroidal vascular loss is the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement pathway that is abundant on choroidal vessels of humans with early dry AMD. To examine this possibility, we studied the effect of complement activation on choroidal endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from a rhesus monkey model of early AMD that, we report, exhibits MAC deposition and choriocapillaris endothelial loss similar to that seen in human early AMD. Treatment of choroidal ECs from AMD eyes with complement-competent normal human serum caused extensive actin cytoskeletal injury that was significantly less pronounced in choroidal ECs from young normal monkey eyes. We further show that ECs from AMD eyes are significantly stiffer than their younger counterparts and exhibit peripheral actin organization that is distinct from the longitudinal stress fibers in young ECs. Finally, these differences in complement susceptibility and mechanostructural properties were found to be regulated by the differential activity of the small GTPases Rac and Rho, because Rac inhibition in AMD cells led to simultaneous reduction in stiffness and complement susceptibility while Rho inhibition in young cells exacerbated complement injury. Thus, by identifying cell stiffness and cytoskeletal regulators Rac and Rho as important determinants of complement susceptibility, the current findings offer a new mechanistic insight into choroidal vascular loss in early AMD that warrants further investigation for assessment of translational potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Cabrera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stoddard
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Irene Santiago Tierno
- Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Renner
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Neha Palegar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trevor McGill
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrated Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
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29
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Xue W, Kong Y, Abu R, Roy P, Huh SH, Kuss M, Kumar V, Duan B. Regulation of Schwann Cell and DRG Neurite Behaviors within Decellularized Peripheral Nerve Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8693-8704. [PMID: 35148064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized nerve hydrogels (dNHs) containing bioactive molecules are promising biomaterials for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) treatment and have been extensively applied in clinical and preclinical practice. However, most previous research projects studied their influences on nerve-related cellular behaviors in two dimensions (2D) without taking hydrogel biomechanics into consideration. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial microenvironment provided by dNHs also remain unclear. In this study, dNHs from rat sciatic nerves were prepared, and their effects on Schwann cell (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite behaviors were evaluated and compared to commercial rat tail type I collagen (Col) hydrogels in three-dimensional (3D) environments. We found that dNHs could promote SC proliferation and neurite outgrowth, and both the hydrogel mechanics and components contributed to the dNH functionalization. Through proteomics analysis, we found that laminin (LAM) and type V collagen (COLV) exclusively and abundantly existed in dNHs. By adding exogenous LAM and COLV into Col hydrogels, we demonstrated that they regulated SC gene expression and that LAM could promote SC spreading and neurite outgrowth, while COLV improved SC proliferation. Lastly, dNHs were fabricated into paper-like, aligned nerve scaffolds through unidirectional freezing to expand the dNH applications in PNI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Rafay Abu
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Pooja Roy
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Petzold J, Gentleman E. Intrinsic Mechanical Cues and Their Impact on Stem Cells and Embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761871. [PMID: 34820380 PMCID: PMC8606660 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although understanding how soluble cues direct cellular processes revolutionised the study of cell biology in the second half of the 20th century, over the last two decades, new insights into how mechanical cues similarly impact cell fate decisions has gained momentum. During development, extrinsic cues such as fluid flow, shear stress and compressive forces are essential for normal embryogenesis to proceed. Indeed, both adult and embryonic stem cells can respond to applied forces, but they can also detect intrinsic mechanical cues from their surrounding environment, such as the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which impacts differentiation and morphogenesis. Cells can detect changes in their mechanical environment using cell surface receptors such as integrins and focal adhesions. Moreover, dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton have been identified as a key means by which forces are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cell and vice versa. Although we have some understanding of the downstream mechanisms whereby mechanical cues are translated into changes in cell behaviour, many of the signalling pathways remain to be defined. This review discusses the importance of intrinsic mechanical cues on adult cell fate decisions, the emerging roles of cell surface mechano-sensors and the cytoskeleton in enabling cells to sense its microenvironment, and the role of intracellular signalling in translating mechanical cues into transcriptional outputs. In addition, the contribution of mechanical cues to fundamental processes during embryogenesis such as apical constriction and convergent extension is discussed. The continued development of tools to measure the biomechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo is likely to uncover currently underestimated contributions of these cues to adult stem cell fate decisions and embryogenesis, and may inform on regenerative strategies for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Masaike S, Sasaki S, Ebata H, Moriyama K, Kidoaki S. Adhesive-ligand-independent cell-shaping controlled by the lateral deformability of a condensed polymer matrix. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Javanmardi Y, Colin-York H, Szita N, Fritzsche M, Moeendarbary E. Quantifying cell-generated forces: Poisson's ratio matters. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2021; 4:237. [PMID: 34841089 PMCID: PMC7612038 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-021-00740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying mechanical forces generated by cellular systems has led to key insights into a broad range of biological phenomena from cell adhesion to immune cell activation. Traction force microscopy (TFM), the most widely employed force measurement methodology, fundamentally relies on knowledge of the force-displacement relationship and mechanical properties of the substrate. Together with the elastic modulus, the Poisson's ratio is a basic material property that to date has largely been overlooked in TFM. Here, we evaluate the sensitivity of TFM to Poisson's ratio by employing a series of computer simulations and experimental data analysis. We demonstrate how applying the correct Poisson's ratio is important for accurate force reconstruction and develop a framework for the determination of error levels resulting from the misestimation of the Poisson's ratio. In addition, we provide experimental estimation of the Poisson's ratios of elastic substrates commonly applied in TFM. Our work thus highlights the role of Poisson's ratio underpinning cellular force quantification studied across many biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Huw Colin-York
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Khanna A, Zamani M, Huang NF. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:137. [PMID: 34821690 PMCID: PMC8622600 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have made remarkable progress in remodeling, replacing, and regenerating damaged cardiovascular tissues. The design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate biochemical and mechanical characteristics is critical for engineering tissue-engineered replacements. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffolding structure characterized by tissue-specific biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical properties that modulates cellular behavior and activates highly regulated signaling pathways. In light of technological advancements, biomaterial-based scaffolds have been developed that better mimic physiological ECM properties, provide signaling cues that modulate cellular behavior, and form functional tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize the in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical research models that have been employed in the design of ECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. We highlight the research advancements in the incorporation of ECM components into biomaterial-based scaffolds, the engineering of increasingly complex structures using biofabrication and spatial patterning techniques, the regulation of ECMs on vascular differentiation and function, and the translation of ECM-based scaffolds for vascular graft applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges, future perspectives, and directions in the design of next-generation ECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue engineering and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maedeh Zamani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Keloid fibroblasts have elevated and dysfunctional mechanotransduction signaling that is independent of TGF-β. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:11-20. [PMID: 34538705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts found in keloid tissues are known to present an altered sensitivity to microenvironmental stimuli. However, the impact of changes in extracellular matrix stiffness on phenotypes of normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Investigation the impact of matrix stiffness on NFs and KFs mainly via detecting yes-associated protein (YAP) expression. METHODS We used fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates with a range from physiological to pathological stiffness values with or without TGF-β (fibrogenic inducer). Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the stiffness of fibroblasts. Cellular mechanoresponses were screened by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and Luminex assay. RESULTS KFs are stiffer than NFs with greater expression of α-SMA. In NFs, YAP nuclear translocation was induced by increasing matrix stiffness as well as by stimulation with TGF-β. In contrast, KFs showed higher baseline levels of nuclear YAP that was not responsive to matrix stiffness or TGF-β. TGF-β1 induced p-SMAD3 in both KFs and NFs, demonstrating the pathway was functional and not hyperactivated in KFs. Moreover, blebbistatin suppressed α-SMA expression and cellular stiffness in KFs, linking the elevated YAP signaling to keloid phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that whilst normal skin fibroblasts respond to matrix stiffness in vitro, keloid fibroblasts have elevated activation of mechanotransduction signaling insensitive to the microenvironment. This elevated signaling appears linked to the expression of α-SMA, suggesting a direct link to disease pathogenesis. These findings suggest changes to keloid fibroblast phenotype related to mechanotransduction contribute to disease and may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Montero A, Atienza C, Elvira C, Jorcano JL, Velasco D. Hyaluronic acid-fibrin hydrogels show improved mechanical stability in dermo-epidermal skin substitutes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112352. [PMID: 34474900 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma-derived bilayered skin substitutes have been successfully used by our group in different skin tissue engineering applications. However, several issues associated with their poor mechanical properties were observed, and they often resulted in rapid contraction and degradation. In this sense, hydrogels composed of plasma-derived fibrin and thiolated-hyaluronic acid (HA-SH, 0.05-0.2% w/v) crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, 2:1, 6:1, 10:1 and 14:1 mol of thiol to moles of acrylate) were developed to reduce the shrinking rates and enhance the mechanical properties of the plasma-derived matrices. Plasma/HA-SH-PEGDA hydrogels showed a decrease in the contraction behaviour ranging from 5% to 25% and an increase in Young's modulus. Furthermore, the results showed that a minimal amount of the added HA-SH was able to escape the plasma/HA-SH-PEGDA hydrogels after incubation in PBS. The results showed that the increase in rigidity of the matrices as well as the absence of adhesion cellular moieties in the second network of HA-SH/PEGDA, resulted in a decrease in contraction in the presence of the encapsulated primary human fibroblasts (hFBs), which may have been related to an overall decrease in proliferation of hFBs found for all hydrogels after 7 days with respect to the plasma control. The metabolic activity of hFB returned to the control levels at 14 days except for the 2:1 PEGDA crosslinking ratio. The metabolic activity of primary human keratinocytes (hKCs) seeded on the hydrogels showed a decrease when high amounts of HA-SH and PEGDA crosslinker were incorporated. Organotypic skins formed in vitro after 21 days with plasma/HA-SH-PEGDA hydrogels with an HA content of 0.05% w/v and a 2:1 crosslinking ratio were up to three times thicker than the plasma controls, evidencing a reduction in contraction, while they also showed better and more homogeneous keratin 10 (K10) expression in the supra-basal layer of the epidermis. Furthermore, filaggrin expression showed the formation of an enhanced stratum corneum for the constructs containing HA. These promising results indicate the potential of using these biomimetic hydrogels as in vitro skin models for pharmaceutical products and cosmetics and future work will elucidate their potential functionality for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Montero
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain
| | - Clara Atienza
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - José Luis Jorcano
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Velasco
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Egberts G, Vermolen F, van Zuijlen P. Stability of a one-dimensional morphoelastic model for post-burn contraction. J Math Biol 2021; 83:24. [PMID: 34355270 PMCID: PMC8342404 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To deal with permanent deformations and residual stresses, we consider a morphoelastic model for the scar formation as the result of wound healing after a skin trauma. Next to the mechanical components such as strain and displacements, the model accounts for biological constituents such as the concentration of signaling molecules, the cellular densities of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and the density of collagen. Here we present stability constraints for the one-dimensional counterpart of this morphoelastic model, for both the continuous and (semi-) discrete problem. We show that the truncation error between these eigenvalues associated with the continuous and semi-discrete problem is of order \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
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\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\mathcal {O}}}(h^2)$$\end{document}O(h2). Next we perform numerical validation to these constraints and provide a biological interpretation of the (in)stability. For the mechanical part of the model, the results show the components reach equilibria in a (non) monotonic way, depending on the value of the viscosity. The results show that the parameters of the chemical part of the model need to meet the stability constraint, depending on the decay rate of the signaling molecules, to avoid unrealistic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Egberts
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. .,Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Fred Vermolen
- Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- Burn Centre, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Mov ement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Egberts G, Vermolen F, van Zuijlen P. Sensitivity and feasibility of a one-dimensional morphoelastic model for post-burn contraction. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2147-2167. [PMID: 34331622 PMCID: PMC8595192 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional morphoelastic model describing post-burn scar contraction. Contraction can lead to a limited range of motion (contracture). Reported prevalence of burn scar contractures are 58.6% at 3-6 weeks and 20.9% at 12 months post-reconstructive surgery after burns. This model describes the displacement of the dermal layer of the skin and the development of the effective Eulerian strain in the tissue. Besides these components, the model also contains components that play a major role in the skin repair after trauma. These components are signaling molecules, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen. We perform a sensitivity analysis for many parameters of the model and use the results for a feasibility study. In this study, we test whether the model is suitable for predicting the extent of contraction in different age groups. To this end, we conduct an extensive literature review to find parameter values. From the sensitivity analysis, we conclude that the most sensitive parameters are the equilibrium collagen concentration in the dermal layer, the apoptosis rate of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and the secretion rate of signaling molecules. Further, although we can use the model to simulate significant distinct contraction densities in different age groups, our results differ from what is seen in the clinic. This particularly concerns children and elderly patients. In children we see more intense contractures if the burn injury occurs near a joint, because the growth induces extra forces on the tissue. Elderly patients seem to suffer less from contractures, possibly because of excess skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger Egberts
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. .,Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Fred Vermolen
- Research Group Computational Mathematics (CMAT), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul van Zuijlen
- Burn Centre and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Wang Z, Zhu X, Cong X. Spatial micro-variation of 3D hydrogel stiffness regulates the biomechanical properties of hMSCs. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34107453 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are one of the most promising candidates for cell-based therapeutic products. Nonetheless, their biomechanical phenotype afterin vitroexpansion is still unsatisfactory, for example, restricting the efficiency of microcirculation of delivered hMSCs for further cell therapies. Here, we propose a scheme using maleimide-dextran hydrogel with locally varied stiffness in microscale to modify the biomechanical properties of hMSCs in three-dimensional (3D) niches. We show that spatial micro-variation of stiffness can be controllably generated in the hydrogel with heterogeneously cross-linking via atomic force microscopy measurements. The result of 3D cell culture experiment demonstrates the hydrogels trigger the formation of multicellular spheroids, and the derived hMSCs could be rationally softened via adjustment of the stiffness variation (SV) degree. Importantly,in vitro, the hMSCs modified with the higher SV degree can pass easier through capillary-shaped micro-channels. Further, we discuss the underlying mechanics of the increased cellular elasticity by focusing on the effect of rearranged actin networks, via the proposed microscopic model of biomechanically modified cells. Overall, this work highlights the effectiveness of SV-hydrogels in reprogramming and manufacturing hMSCs with designed biomechanical properties for improved therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, People's Republic of China.,Changzhou Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Li Z, Wang C, Bai H, Wang Z, Liu Y, Bao Y, Ren M, Liu H, Wang J. Enlightenment of Growth Plate Regeneration Based on Cartilage Repair Theory: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:654087. [PMID: 34150725 PMCID: PMC8209549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.654087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate (GP) is a cartilaginous region situated between the epiphysis and metaphysis at the end of the immature long bone, which is susceptible to mechanical damage because of its vulnerable structure. Due to the limited regeneration ability of the GP, current clinical treatment strategies (e.g., bone bridge resection and fat engraftment) always result in bone bridge formation, which will cause length discrepancy and angular deformity, thus making satisfactory outcomes difficult to achieve. The introduction of cartilage repair theory and cartilage tissue engineering technology may encourage novel therapeutic approaches for GP repair using tissue engineered GPs, including biocompatible scaffolds incorporated with appropriate seed cells and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure of GPs, the pathological process, and repair phases of GP injuries, placing greater emphasis on advanced tissue engineering strategies for GP repair. Furthermore, we also propose that three-dimensional printing technology will play a significant role in this field in the future given its advantage of bionic replication of complex structures. We predict that tissue engineering strategies will offer a significant alternative to the management of GP injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yirui Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA 965 Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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Chlanda A, Walejewska E, Kowiorski K, Heljak M, Swieszkowski W, Lipińska L. Investigation into morphological and electromechanical surface properties of reduced-graphene-oxide-loaded composite fibers for bone tissue engineering applications: A comprehensive nanoscale study using atomic force microscopy approach. Micron 2021; 146:103072. [PMID: 33895487 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We decided to implement an extensive atomic force microscopy study in order to get deeper understanding of surface-related nanoscale properties of 3D printed pristine polycaprolactone and its reduced-graphene-oxide-loaded composites. The study included surface visualization and roughness quantification, elastic modulus and adhesion force assessment with force spectroscopy, along with kelvin probe force microscopy evaluation of local changes of surface potential. Atomic force microscopy examination was followed by scanning electron microscopy visualization and wettability assessment. Moreover, systematic examination of reduced graphene oxide flakes fabricated exclusively for this study was performed, including: scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and combustion elemental analysis. The addition of reduced graphene oxide resulted in thickening of the composite fibers and surface roughness enhancement. In addition, elastic modulus of composite fibers was higher and at the same time adhesion forces between scanning probe and tested surface was lower than for pristine polymeric ones. Lastly, we recorded local (nanoscale) alterations of surface potential of fibers with addition of graphene-derivative. The results clearly suggest graphene derivative's dose-dependent alteration of elastic modulus and adhesion force recorded with atomic force microscope. Moreover, changes of the material's surface properties were followed by changes of its electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chlanda
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Walejewska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Group, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Kowiorski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Heljak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Group, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Group, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Hervas-Raluy S, Gomez-Benito MJ, Borau-Zamora C, Cóndor M, Garcia-Aznar JM. A new 3D finite element-based approach for computing cell surface tractions assuming nonlinear conditions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249018. [PMID: 33852586 PMCID: PMC8046236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in methods for determining the forces exerted by cells while they migrate are essential for attempting to understand important pathological processes, such as cancer or angiogenesis, among others. Precise data from three-dimensional conditions are both difficult to obtain and manipulate. For this purpose, it is critical to develop workflows in which the experiments are closely linked to the subsequent computational postprocessing. The work presented here starts from a traction force microscopy (TFM) experiment carried out on microfluidic chips, and this experiment is automatically joined to an inverse problem solver that allows us to extract the traction forces exerted by the cell from the displacements of fluorescent beads embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, both the reconstruction of the cell geometry and the recovery of the ECM displacements are used to generate the inputs for the resolution of the inverse problem. The inverse problem is solved iteratively by using the finite element method under the hypothesis of finite deformations and nonlinear material formulation. Finally, after mathematical postprocessing is performed, the traction forces on the surface of the cell in the undeformed configuration are obtained. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrate the robustness of our computational-based methodology by testing it under different conditions in an extreme theoretical load problem and then by applying it to a real case based on experimental results. In summary, we have developed a new procedure that adds value to existing methodologies for solving inverse problems in 3D, mainly by allowing for large deformations and not being restricted to any particular material formulation. In addition, it automatically bridges the gap between experimental images and mechanical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Borau-Zamora
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- University Center for Defense, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mar Cóndor
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Ng S, Kurisawa M. Integrating biomaterials and food biopolymers for cultured meat production. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:108-129. [PMID: 33472103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat has recently achieved mainstream prominence due to the emergence of societal and industrial interest. In contrast to animal-based production of traditional meat, the cultured meat approach entails laboratory cultivation of engineered muscle tissue. However, bioengineers have hitherto engineered tissues to fulfil biomedical endpoints, and have had limited experience in engineering muscle tissue for its post-mortem traits, which broadly govern consumer definitions of meat quality. Furthermore, existing tissue engineering approaches face fundamental challenges in technical feasibility and industrial scalability for cultured meat production. This review discusses how animal-based meat production variables influence meat properties at both the molecular and functional level, and whether current cultured meat approaches recapitulate these properties. In addition, this review considers how conventional meat producers employ exogenous biopolymer-based meat ingredients and processing techniques to mimic desirable meat properties in meat products. Finally, current biomaterial strategies for engineering muscle and adipose tissue are surveyed in the context of emerging constraints that pertain to cultured meat production, such as edibility, sustainability and scalability, and potential areas for integrating biomaterials and food biopolymer approaches to address these constraints are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Laboratory-grown or cultured meat has gained increasing interest from industry and the public, but currently faces significant impediment to market feasibility. This is due to fundamental knowledge gaps in producing realistic meat tissues via conventional tissue engineering approaches, as well as translational challenges in scaling up these approaches in an efficient, sustainable and high-volume manner. By defining the molecular basis for desirable meat quality attributes, such as taste and texture, and introducing the fundamental roles of food biopolymers in mimicking these properties in conventional meat products, this review aims to bridge the historically disparate fields of meat science and biomaterials engineering in order to inspire potentially synergistic strategies that address some of these challenges.
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43
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Maury P, Porcel E, Mau A, Lux F, Tillement O, Mahou P, Schanne-Klein MC, Lacombe S. Rapid Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Strategies Using a 3D Collagen-Based Tissue-Like Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:574035. [PMID: 33681152 PMCID: PMC7929985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.574035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
2D cell cultures are commonly used to rapidly evaluate the therapeutic potential of various treatments on living cells. However, the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the 3D arrangement of cells and the complex physiology of native environment are missing, which makes these models far from in vivo conditions. 3D cell models have emerged in preclinical studies to simulate the impact of the ECM and partially bridge the gap between monolayer cultures and in vivo tissues. To date, the difficulty to handle the existing 3D models, the cost of their production and their poor reproducibility have hindered their use. Here, we present a reproducible and commercially available "3D cell collagen-based model" (3D-CCM) that allows to study the influence of the matrix on nanoagent uptake and radiation effects. The cell density in these samples is homogeneous. The oxygen concentration in the 3D-CCM is tunable, which opens the opportunity to investigate hypoxic effects. In addition, thanks to the intrinsic properties of the collagen, the second harmonic imaging microscopy may be used to probe the whole volume and visualize living cells in real-time. Thus, the architecture and composition of 3D-CCMs as well as the impact of various therapeutic strategies on cells embedded in the ECM is observed directly. Moreover, the disaggregation of the collagen matrix allows recovering of cells without damaging them. It is a major advantage that makes possible single cell analysis and quantification of treatment effects using clonogenic assay. In this work, 3D-CCMs were used to evaluate the correlative efficacies of nanodrug exposure and medical radiation on cells contained in a tumor like sample. A comparison with monolayer cell cultures was performed showing the advantageous outcome and the higher potential of 3D-CCMs. This cheap and easy to handle approach is more ethical than in vivo experiments, thus, giving a fast evaluation of cellular responses to various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Adrien Mau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
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Kim S, Uroz M, Bays JL, Chen CS. Harnessing Mechanobiology for Tissue Engineering. Dev Cell 2021; 56:180-191. [PMID: 33453155 PMCID: PMC7855912 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A primary challenge in tissue engineering is to recapitulate both the structural and functional features of whole tissues and organs. In vivo, patterning of the body plan and constituent tissues emerges from the carefully orchestrated interactions between the transcriptional programs that give rise to cell types and the mechanical forces that drive the bending, twisting, and extensions critical to morphogenesis. Substantial recent progress in mechanobiology-understanding how mechanics regulate cell behaviors and what cellular machineries are responsible-raises the possibility that one can begin to use these insights to help guide the strategy and design of functional engineered tissues. In this perspective, we review and propose the development of different approaches, from providing appropriate extracellular mechanical cues to interfering with cellular mechanosensing machinery, to aid in controlling cell and tissue structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Uroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bays
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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45
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Beckett LE, Lewis JT, Tonge TK, Korley LTJ. Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Hydrogels with Continuous Fibrous Reinforcement. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5453-5473. [PMID: 33320571 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcing mechanically weak hydrogels with fibers is a promising route to obtain strong and tough materials for biomedical applications while retaining a favorable cell environment. The resulting hierarchical structure recreates structural elements of natural tissues such as articular cartilage, with fiber diameters ranging from the nano- to microscale. Through control of properties such as the fiber diameter, orientation, and porosity, it is possible to design materials which display the nonlinear, synergistic mechanical behavior observed in natural tissues. In order to fully exploit these advantages, it is necessary to understand the structure-property relationships in fiber-reinforced hydrogels. However, there are currently limited models which capture their complex mechanical properties. The majority of reported fiber-reinforced hydrogels contain fibers obtained by electrospinning, which allows for limited spatial control over the fiber scaffold and limits the scope for systematic mechanical testing studies. Nevertheless, new manufacturing techniques such as melt electrowriting and bioprinting have emerged, which allow for increased control over fiber deposition and the potential for future investigations on the effect of specific structural features on mechanical properties. In this review, we therefore explore the mechanics of fiber-reinforced hydrogels, and the evolution of their design and manufacture from replicating specific features of biological tissues to more complex structures, by taking advantage of design principles from both tough hydrogels and fiber-reinforced composites. By highlighting the overlap between these fields, it is possible to identify the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of effective biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Beckett
- University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jackson T Lewis
- W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., 501 Vieves Way, Elkton, Maryland 21921, United States
| | - Theresa K Tonge
- W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., 501 Vieves Way, Elkton, Maryland 21921, United States
| | - LaShanda T J Korley
- University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,University of Delaware, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Migration of the 3T3 Cell with a Lamellipodium on Various Stiffness Substrates—Tensegrity Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mechanical stimuli and the physiological environment are sensed by the cell. Thesechanges influence the cell’s motility patterns. The cell’s directional migration is dependent on the substrate stiffness. To describe such behavior of a cell, a tensegrity model was used. Cells with an extended lamellipodium were modeled. The internal elastic strain energy of a cell attached to the substrates with different stiffnesses was evaluated. The obtained results show that on the stiffer substrate, the elastic strain energy of the cell adherent to this substrate decreases. Therefore, the substrate stiffness is one of the parameters that govern the cell’s directional movement.
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47
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Carrancá M, Griveau L, Remoué N, Lorion C, Weiss P, Orea V, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Faye C, Ferri-Angulo D, Debret R, Sohier J. Versatile lysine dendrigrafts and polyethylene glycol hydrogels with inherent biological properties: in vitro cell behavior modulation and in vivo biocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:926-937. [PMID: 32779367 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, owing to their biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and tunable mechanical properties. However, their bio-inert properties require them to be associated with additional functional moieties to interact with cells. To circumvent this need, we propose here to reticulate PEG molecules with poly(L-lysine) dendrigrafts (DGL) to provide intrinsic cell functionalities to PEG-based hydrogels. The physico-chemical characteristics of the resulting hydrogels were studied in regard of the concentration of each component. With increasing amounts of DGL, the cross-linking time and swelling ratio could be decreased, conversely to mechanical properties, which could be tailored from 7.7 ± 0.7 to 90 ± 28.8 kPa. Furthermore, fibroblasts adhesion, viability, and morphology on hydrogels were then assessed. While cell adhesion significantly increased with the concentration of DGL, cell viability was dependant of the ratio of DGL and PEG. Cell morphology and proliferation; however, appeared mainly related to the overall hydrogel rigidity. To allow cell infiltration and cell growth in 3D, the hydrogels were rendered porous. The biocompatibility of resulting hydrogels of different compositions and porosities was evaluated by 3 week subcutaneous implantations in mice. Hydrogels allowed an extensive cellular infiltration with a mild foreign body reaction, histological evidence of hydrogel degradation, and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carrancá
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Louise Griveau
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Noëlle Remoué
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Lorion
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Laboratory of Osteo-Articlular and Dental Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Orea
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Ferri-Angulo
- Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Sohier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, IBCP, CNRS Université, Lyon, France.,Laboratory for Materials Engineering and Science, CNRS INSA, Villeurbanne, France
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Yang S, Huang Y, Jian P, Xie Z, Wu Y, Li H, Zeng R, SiTU F, Tu M. Enhanced cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation of liquid crystal-based substrate via surface bio-functionalization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:938-950. [PMID: 32786167 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell-substrate interactions is an important factor for modulating cell behaviors. Tailoring the physical and chemical properties of the substrates to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue is a more effective strategy for enhancing the cell-substrate contact. In current work, we aim at improving surface bioactivity based on the liquid crystalline substrates for the enhancement in cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation. Polydopamine (PDOPA) adhesive coating was used as a reactive platform for the immobilization of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on the octyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ester (OPC) substrate to generate active OPC-PDOPA-COSs liquid crystalline substrates. Results demonstrated that PDOPA-coated OPC surfaces showed remarkably improved hydrophility and increased elastic modulus, leading to better initial cell attachment. Subsequent COS immobilization on the OPC-PDOPA layer could induce promotion of cell proliferation, polarization and cytoskeleton formation. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) seeded on the OPC-PDOPA-COSs showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and up-regulated bone-related genes expression, including BMP-2, RUNx-2, COL-I and OCN. In conclusion, surface biofunctionalization on the OPC-based liquid crystalline substrates could come into being the appropriate combination of surface chemistry and liquid crystalline characteristic that simulating in vivo ECM environment, resulting in a favorable support to enhance positive cell-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peishan Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoying Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmin SiTU
- College of Chinese and Culture, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Xia T, Zhao R, Feng F, Yang L. The Effect of Matrix Stiffness on Human Hepatocyte Migration and Function-An In Vitro Research. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091903. [PMID: 32846973 PMCID: PMC7564768 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cellular function through the dynamic biomechanical and biochemical interplay between the resident cells and their microenvironment. Pathologically stiff ECM promotes phenotype changes in hepatocytes during liver fibrosis. To investigate the effect of ECM stiffness on hepatocyte migration and function, we designed an easy fabricated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel in which stiffness can be controlled by changing the concentration of glutaraldehyde. Three stiffnesses of hydrogels corresponding to the health of liver tissue, early stage, and end stage of fibrosis were selected. These were 4.8 kPa (soft), 21 kPa (moderate), and 45 kPa (stiff). For hepatocytes attachment, the hydrogel was coated with fibronectin. To evaluate the optimal concentration of fibronectin, hydrogel was coated with 0.1 mg/mL, 0.01 mg/mL, 0.005 mg/mL, or 0.003 mg/mL fibronectin, and the migratory behavior of single hepatocyte cultured on different concentrations of fibronectin was analyzed. To further explore the effect of substrate stiffness on hepatocyte migration, we used a stiffness controllable commercial 3D collagen gel, which has similar substrate stiffness to that of PVA hydrogel. Our result confirmed the PVA hydrogel biocompatibility with high hepatocytes survival. Fibronectin (0.01 mg/mL) promoted optimal migratory behavior for single hepatocytes. However, for confluent hepatocytes, a stiff substrate promoted hepatocellular migration compared with the soft and moderate groups via enhancing the formation of actin- and tubulin-rich structures. The gene expression analysis and protein expression analysis showed that the stiff substrate altered the phenotype of hepatocytes and induced apoptosis. Hepatocytes in stiff 3D hydrogel showed a higher proportion of cell death and expression of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Yang
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (L.Y.)
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50
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Karan P, Das SS, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty J, Chakraborty S. Flow and deformation characteristics of a flexible microfluidic channel with axial gradients in wall elasticity. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5777-5786. [PMID: 32531014 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Axial gradients in wall elasticity may have significant implications in the deformation and flow characteristics of a narrow fluidic conduit, bearing far-reaching consequences in physiology and bio-engineering. Here, we present a theoretical and experimental framework for fluid-structure interactions in microfluidic channels with axial gradients in wall elasticity, in an effort to arrive at a potential conceptual foundation for in vitro study of mirovascular physiology. Towards this, we bring out the static deformation and steady flow characteristics of a circular microchannel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bulk, considering imposed gradients in the substrate elasticity. In particular, we study two kinds of elasticity variations - a uniformly soft (or hard) channel with a central strip that is hard (or soft), and, increasing elasticity along the length of the channel. The former kind yields a centrally constricted (or expanded) deformed profile in response to the flow. The latter kind leads to increasingly bulged channel radius from inlet to outlet in response to flow. We also formulate an analytical model capturing the essential physics of the underlying elastohydrodynamic interactions. The theoretical predictions match favourably with the experimental observations and are also in line with reported results on stenosis in mice. The present framework, thus, holds the potential for acting as a fundamental design basis towards developing in vitro models for micro-circulation, capable of capturing exclusive artefacts of healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyaksh Karan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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