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Ulldemolins A, Narciso M, Sanz-Fraile H, Otero J, Farré R, Gavara N, Almendros I. Effects of aging on the biomechanical properties of the lung extracellular matrix: dependence on tissular stretch. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381470. [PMID: 38645411 PMCID: PMC11026642 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging induces functional and structural changes in the lung, characterized by a decline in elasticity and diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that most biomechanical alterations in the lung result from changes in the composition of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM), potentially modulating the behavior of pulmonary cells and increasing the susceptibility to chronic lung diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the mechanical properties of the aged lung. This study aims to assess the mechanical alterations in the lung ECM due to aging at both residual (RV) and functional (FV) lung volumes and to evaluate their effects on the survival and proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Methods: The lungs from young (4-6-month-old) and aged (20-24-month-old) mice were inflated with optimal cutting temperature compound to reach FV or non-inflated (RV). ECM proteins laminin, collagen I and fibronectin were quantified by immunofluorescence and the mechanical properties of the decellularized lung sections were assessed using atomic force microscopy. To investigate whether changes in ECM composition by aging and/or mechanical properties at RV and FV volumes affects MSCs, their viability and proliferation were evaluated after 72 h. Results: Laminin presence was significantly reduced in aged mice compared to young mice, while fibronectin and collagen I were significantly increased in aged mice. In RV conditions, the acellular lungs from aged mice were significantly softer than from young mice. By contrast, in FV conditions, the aged lung ECM becomes stiffer than that of in young mice, revealing that strain hardening significantly depends on aging. Results after MSCs recellularization showed similar viability and proliferation rate in all conditions. Discussion: This data strongly suggests that biomechanical measurements, especially in aging models, should be carried out in physiomimetic conditions rather than following the conventional non-inflated lung (RV) approach. The use of decellularized lung scaffolds from aged and/or other lung disease murine/human models at physiomimetic conditions will help to better understand the potential role of mechanotransduction on the susceptibility and progression of chronic lung diseases, lung regeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulldemolins
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Narciso
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Sanz-Fraile
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gavara
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Li X, Shan J, Chen X, Cui H, Wen G, Yu Y. Decellularized diseased tissues: current state-of-the-art and future directions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e399. [PMID: 38020712 PMCID: PMC10661834 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized matrices derived from diseased tissues/organs have evolved in the most recent years, providing novel research perspectives for understanding disease occurrence and progression and providing accurate pseudo models for developing new disease treatments. Although decellularized matrix maintaining the native composition, ultrastructure, and biomechanical characteristics of extracellular matrix (ECM), alongside intact and perfusable vascular compartments, facilitates the construction of bioengineered organ explants in vitro and promotes angiogenesis and tissue/organ regeneration in vivo, the availability of healthy tissues and organs for the preparation of decellularized ECM materials is limited. In this paper, we review the research advancements in decellularized diseased matrices. Considering that current research focuses on the matrices derived from cancers and fibrotic organs (mainly fibrotic kidney, lungs, and liver), the pathological characterizations and the applications of these diseased matrices are mainly discussed. Additionally, a contrastive analysis between the decellularized diseased matrices and decellularized healthy matrices, along with the development in vitro 3D models, is discussed in this paper. And last, we have provided the challenges and future directions in this review. Deep and comprehensive research on decellularized diseased tissues and organs will promote in-depth exploration of source materials in tissue engineering field, thus providing new ideas for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianyang Shan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Hoffman E, Song Y, Zhang F, Asarian L, Downs I, Young B, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Weiss DJ. Regional and disease-specific glycosaminoglycan composition and function in decellularized human lung extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:388-399. [PMID: 37433361 PMCID: PMC10528722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized lung scaffolds and hydrogels are increasingly being utilized in ex vivo lung bioengineering. However, the lung is a regionally heterogenous organ with proximal and distal airway and vascular compartments of different structures and functions that may be altered as part of disease pathogenesis. We previously described decellularized normal whole human lung extracellular matrix (ECM) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition and functional ability to bind matrix-associated growth factors. We now determine differential GAG composition and function in airway, vascular, and alveolar-enriched regions of decellularized lungs obtained from normal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Significant differences were observed in heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) content and CS/HS compositions between both different lung regions and between normal and diseased lungs. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that HS and CS from decellularized normal and COPD lungs similarly bound fibroblast growth factor 2, but that binding was decreased in decellularized IPF lungs. Binding of transforming growth factor β to CS was similar in all three groups but binding to HS was decreased in IPF compared to normal and COPD lungs. In addition, cytokines dissociate faster from the IPF GAGs than their counterparts. The differences in cytokine binding features of IPF GAGs may result from different disaccharide compositions. The purified HS from IPF lung is less sulfated than that from other lungs, and the CS from IPF contains more 6-O-sulfated disaccharide. These observations provide further information for understanding functional roles of ECM GAGs in lung function and disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lung transplantation remains limited due to donor organ availability and need for life-long immunosuppressive medication. One solution, the ex vivo bioengineering of lungs via de- and recellularization has not yet led to a fully functional organ. Notably, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) remaining in decellularized lung scaffolds is poorly understood despite their important effects on cell behaviors. We have previously investigated residual GAG content of native and decellularized lungs and their respective functionality, and role during scaffold recellularization. We now present a detailed characterization of GAG and GAG chain content and function in different anatomical regions of normal diseased human lungs. These are novel and important observations that further expand knowledge about functional GAG roles in lung biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Hoffman
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Loredana Asarian
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Isaac Downs
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Brad Young
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Link PA, Farkas L, Heise RL. Using extracellular matrix derived from sugen-chronic hypoxia lung tissue to study pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1192798. [PMID: 37731734 PMCID: PMC10507686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1192798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension has characteristic changes to the mechanical environment, extracellular matrix, and cellular proliferation. In order to develop a culture system to investigate extracellular matrix (ECM) compositional-dependent changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension, we decellularized and characterized protein and lipid profiles from healthy and Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia rat lungs. Significant changes in lipid profiles were observed in intact Sugen-Hypoxia lungs compared with healthy controls. Decellularized lung matrix retained lipids in measurable quantities in both healthy and Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia samples. Proteomics revealed significantly changed proteins associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the decellularized Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia lung ECM. We then investigated the potential role of healthy vs. Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia ECM with controlled substrate stiffness to determine if the ECM composition regulated endothelial cell morphology and phenotype. CD117+ rat lung endothelial cell clones were plated on the variable stiffness gels and cellular proliferation, morphology, and gene expression were quantified. Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia ECM on healthy stiffness gels produced significant changes in cellular gene expression levels of Bmp2, Col1α1, Col3α1 and Fn1. The signaling and cell morphology observed at low substrate stiffness suggests early changes to the ECM composition can initiate processes associated with disease progression. These data suggest that Sugen-Chronic Hypoxia ECM can be used to investigate cell-ECM interactions relevant to pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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5
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Mebratu YA, Soni S, Rosas L, Rojas M, Horowitz JC, Nho R. The aged extracellular matrix and the profibrotic role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C565-C579. [PMID: 37486065 PMCID: PMC10511170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00124.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and fatal lung disease that is primarily found in the elderly population, and several studies have demonstrated that aging is the major risk factor for IPF. IPF is characterized by the presence of apoptosis-resistant, senescent fibroblasts that generate an excessively stiff extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM profoundly affects cellular functions and tissue homeostasis, and an aberrant ECM is closely associated with the development of lung fibrosis. Aging progressively alters ECM components and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells that promote age-related tissue dysfunction through the expression of factors linked to a senescence-associated secretary phenotype (SASP). There is growing evidence that SASP factors affect various cell behaviors and influence ECM turnover in lung tissue through autocrine and/or paracrine signaling mechanisms. Since life expectancy is increasing worldwide, it is important to elucidate how aging affects ECM dynamics and turnover via SASP and thereby promotes lung fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on the molecular properties of SASP and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the pathophysiological process of ECM remodeling by SASP factors and the influence of an altered ECM from aged lungs on the development of lung fibrosis will be highlighted. Finally, recent attempts to target ECM alteration and senescent cells to modulate fibrosis will be introduced.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging is the most prominent nonmodifiable risk factor for various human diseases including Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging progressively alters extracellular matrix components and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells that promote age-related tissue dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the pathological impact of aging and senescence on lung fibrosis via senescence-associated secretary phenotype factors and potential therapeutic approaches to limit the progression of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A Mebratu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sourabh Soni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lorena Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Richard Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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6
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Sucre JM, Bock F, Negretti NM, Benjamin JT, Gulleman PM, Dong X, Ferguson KT, Jetter CS, Han W, Liu Y, Kook S, Gokey JJ, Guttentag SH, Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Plosa EJ. Alveolar repair following LPS-induced injury requires cell-ECM interactions. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167211. [PMID: 37279065 PMCID: PMC10443799 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During alveolar repair, alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cell progenitors rapidly proliferate and differentiate into flat AT1 epithelial cells. Failure of normal alveolar repair mechanisms can lead to loss of alveolar structure (emphysema) or development of fibrosis, depending on the type and severity of injury. To test if β1-containing integrins are required during repair following acute injury, we administered E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intratracheal injection to mice with a postdevelopmental deletion of β1 integrin in AT2 cells. While control mice recovered from LPS injury without structural abnormalities, β1-deficient mice had more severe inflammation and developed emphysema. In addition, recovering alveoli were repopulated with an abundance of rounded epithelial cells coexpressing AT2 epithelial, AT1 epithelial, and mixed intermediate cell state markers, with few mature type 1 cells. AT2 cells deficient in β1 showed persistently increased proliferation after injury, which was blocked by inhibiting NF-κB activation in these cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that β1-deficient AT2 cells failed to differentiate into mature AT1 epithelial cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that functional alveolar repair after injury with terminal alveolar epithelial differentiation requires β1-containing integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M.S. Sucre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Fabian Bock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | | | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Zhu L, Yuhan J, Yu H, Zhang B, Huang K, Zhu L. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Remodeling Bioengineering Organoid's Microenvironment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207752. [PMID: 36929582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell- and tumor-derived organoids are the most promising models in developmental biology and disease modeling, respectively. The matrix is one of three main elements in the construction of an organoid and the most important module of its extracellular microenvironment. However, the source of the currently available commercial matrix, Matrigel, limits the application of organoids in clinical medicine. It is worth investigating whether the original decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be exploited as the matrix of organoids and improving organoid construction are very important. In this review, tissue decellularization protocols and the characteristics of decellularization methods, the mechanical support and biological cues of extraccellular matrix (ECM), methods for construction of multifunctional dECM and responsive dECM hydrogel, and the potential applications of functional dECM are summarized. In addition, some expectations are provided for dECM as the matrix of organoids in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Yuhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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8
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Weiss DJ. What is the need and why is it time for innovative models for understanding lung repair and regeneration? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130074. [PMID: 36860303 PMCID: PMC9968746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering continue at a rapid pace and have provided novel methodologies and insights into normal cell and tissue homeostasis, disease pathogenesis, and new potential therapeutic strategies. The evolution of new techniques has particularly invigorated the field and span a range from novel organ and organoid technologies to increasingly sophisticated imaging modalities. This is particularly relevant for the field of lung biology and diseases as many lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic fibrosis (IPF), among others, remain incurable with significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in lung regenerative medicine and engineering also offer new potential avenues for critical illnesses such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which also continue to have significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, an overview of lung regenerative medicine with focus on current status of both structural and functional repair will be presented. This will serve as a platform for surveying innovative models and techniques for study, highlighting the need and timeliness for these approaches.
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Ait Hamdan Y, El Amerany F, Desbrières J, Aghrinane A, Oudadesse H, Rhazi M. The evolution of the global COVID-19 epidemic in Morocco and understanding the different therapeutic approaches of chitosan in the control of the pandemic. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022; 80:1-27. [PMID: 36466080 PMCID: PMC9685138 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a new viral respiratory disease caused by a virus that belongs to Coronaviridae family, has been identified. It is a very severe flu that negatively affects the functions of the lung and other respiratory organs. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted between people either by touching an infected person or by direct contact with their respiratory droplets. Therefore, the COVID-19 virus has become a global concern due to its rapid spread and severity. Based on the World Health Organization report from 2 March 2020 to 24 October 2022, the total infected cases and deaths in Morocco are around 1,265,389 (3.46%) and 16,280 (0.04%), respectively. Recently, some scientists have found that chitosan, a polymer existed in nature, can inhibit COVID-19 infection and repair damaged tissue. Therefore, understanding chitosan mechanisms in controlling COVID-19, might lead to innovative strategies in the medical field, such as developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, and replacing vaccines, which have negative side effects. This review aims to show the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, specifically in Morocco, its pathophysiology, and its ability to silence the immune system. This review also provides an overview of the treatments and measures applied to protect human beings and how chitosan acts and controls COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ait Hamdan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fatima El Amerany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Jacques Desbrières
- IPREM, University of Pau and Adour Countries (UPPA), Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 PAU Cedex 09, France
| | - Abdessadek Aghrinane
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
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10
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Guo T, He C, Venado A, Zhou Y. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness in Lung Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3523-3558. [PMID: 35766837 PMCID: PMC10088466 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and imparts a wide variety of environmental cues to cells. In the past decade, a growing body of work revealed that the mechanical properties of the ECM, commonly known as matrix stiffness, regulate the fundamental cellular processes of the lung. There is growing appreciation that mechanical interplays between cells and associated ECM are essential to maintain lung homeostasis. Dysregulation of ECM-derived mechanical signaling via altered mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways is associated with many common lung diseases. Matrix stiffening is a hallmark of lung fibrosis. The stiffened ECM is not merely a sequelae of lung fibrosis but can actively drive the progression of fibrotic lung disease. In this article, we provide a comprehensive view on the role of matrix stiffness in lung health and disease. We begin by summarizing the effects of matrix stiffness on the function and behavior of various lung cell types and on regulation of biomolecule activity and key physiological processes, including host immune response and cellular metabolism. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which cells probe matrix stiffness and convert mechanical signals to regulate gene expression. We highlight the factors that govern matrix stiffness and outline the role of matrix stiffness in lung development and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. We envision targeting of deleterious matrix mechanical cues for treatment of fibrotic lung disease. Advances in technologies for matrix stiffness measurements and design of stiffness-tunable matrix substrates are also explored. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3523-3558, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aida Venado
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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11
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Decellularization and Recellularization Methods for Avian Lungs: An Alternative Approach for Use in Pulmonary Therapeutics. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2394:617-649. [PMID: 35094350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of compatible allogeneic organs and an increase in the number of patients requiring long-term lung assist devices while waiting for lung transplantation have motivated scientists to explore alternatives to bioengineer new lungs, including through decellularization and recellularization processes. A novel approach for bioengineering an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator is based on the parenchymal structure of avian lungs which utilizes a cross-current unidirectional flow of air and blood rather than bidirectional airflow, and thus eliminates dead-space ventilation. This provides more efficient gas exchange than mammalian lungs. The novel approach utilized is to decellularize avian lungs and then to recellularize with patient-derived human lung epithelial and vascular endothelial cells with the goal of creating a fully functional structure that can be used as a gas-exchange device. Here, we present avian lung decellularization and recellularization methods for chicken and emu lungs, in order to study both small- and large-scale avian lung models. For decellularization, a detergent-based protocol is utilized, and different techniques are used to validate the de- and recellularization of those lungs, including microscopy, mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemical analyses. For recellularization, techniques for seeding different human lung cell types into the decellularized scaffolds are presented.
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Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Modeling Extracellular Matrix-Cell Interactions in Lung Repair and Chronic Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082145. [PMID: 34440917 PMCID: PMC8394761 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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14
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Ahmed E, Saleh T, Xu M. Recellularization of Native Tissue Derived Acellular Scaffolds with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071787. [PMID: 34359955 PMCID: PMC8304639 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of decellularized scaffolds is still challenging because of the recellularization-related limitations, including the finding of the most optimal kind of cell(s) and the best way to control their distribution within the scaffolds to generate native mimicking tissues. That is why researchers have been encouraged to study stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as alternative cells to repopulate and functionalize the scaffolds properly. MSCs could be obtained from various sources and have therapeutic effects on a wide range of inflammatory/degenerative diseases. Therefore, in this mini-review, we will discuss the benefits using of MSCs for recellularization, the factors affecting their efficiency, and the drawbacks that may need to be overcome to generate bioengineered transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Tarek Saleh
- Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-4725; Fax: +1-513-558-2141
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A Robust Protocol for Decellularized Human Lung Bioink Generation Amenable to 2D and 3D Lung Cell Culture. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061538. [PMID: 34207111 PMCID: PMC8234522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization efforts must balance the preservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components while eliminating the nucleic acid and cellular components. Following effective removal of nucleic acid and cell components, decellularized ECM (dECM) can be solubilized in an acidic environment with the assistance of various enzymes to develop biological scaffolds in different forms, such as sheets, tubular constructs, or three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels. Each organ or tissue that undergoes decellularization requires a distinct and optimized protocol to ensure that nucleic acids are removed, and the ECM components are preserved. The objective of this study was to optimize the decellularization process for dECM isolation from human lung tissues for downstream 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Following protocol optimization and dECM isolation, we performed experiments with a wide range of dECM concentrations to form human lung dECM hydrogels that were physically stable and biologically responsive. The dECM based-hydrogels supported the growth and proliferation of primary human lung fibroblast cells in 3D cultures. The dECM is also amenable to the coating of polyester membranes in Transwell™ Inserts to improve the cell adhesion, proliferation, and barrier function of primary human bronchial epithelial cells in 2D. In conclusion, we present a robust protocol for human lung decellularization, generation of dECM substrate material, and creation of hydrogels that support primary lung cell viability in 2D and 3D culture systems
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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17
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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. SARS-CoV-2 and tissue damage: current insights and biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2804-2824. [PMID: 33666206 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humanity has gained worldwide attention and importance due to the rapid transmission, lack of treatment options and high mortality rate of the virus. While scientists across the world are searching for vaccines/drugs that can control the spread of the virus and/or reduce the risks associated with infection, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to have tissue/organ damage. With most tissues/organs having limited regenerative potential, interventions that prevent further damage or facilitate healing would be helpful. In the past few decades, biomaterials have gained prominence in the field of tissue engineering, in view of their major role in the regenerative process. Here we describe the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on multiple tissues/organs, and provide evidence for the positive role of biomaterials in aiding tissue repair. These findings are further extrapolated to explore their prospects as a therapeutic platform to address the tissue/organ damage that is frequently observed during this viral outbreak. This study suggests that the biomaterial-based approach could be an effective strategy for regenerating tissues/organs damaged by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Rupali Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
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18
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Breschi A, Muñoz-Aguirre M, Wucher V, Davis CA, Garrido-Martín D, Djebali S, Gillis J, Pervouchine DD, Vlasova A, Dobin A, Zaleski C, Drenkow J, Danyko C, Scavelli A, Reverter F, Snyder MP, Gingeras TR, Guigó R. A limited set of transcriptional programs define major cell types. Genome Res 2020; 30:1047-1059. [PMID: 32759341 PMCID: PMC7397875 DOI: 10.1101/gr.263186.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have produced RNA sequencing data for 53 primary cells from different locations in the human body. The clustering of these primary cells reveals that most cells in the human body share a few broad transcriptional programs, which define five major cell types: epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, neural, and blood cells. These act as basic components of many tissues and organs. Based on gene expression, these cell types redefine the basic histological types by which tissues have been traditionally classified. We identified genes whose expression is specific to these cell types, and from these genes, we estimated the contribution of the major cell types to the composition of human tissues. We found this cellular composition to be a characteristic signature of tissues and to reflect tissue morphological heterogeneity and histology. We identified changes in cellular composition in different tissues associated with age and sex, and found that departures from the normal cellular composition correlate with histological phenotypes associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Breschi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Aguirre
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valentin Wucher
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | - Diego Garrido-Martín
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sarah Djebali
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut National de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dmitri D Pervouchine
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Skolkovo Institute for Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 143025
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Dobin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | - Chris Zaleski
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | - Jorg Drenkow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | - Cassidy Danyko
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | | | - Ferran Reverter
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11742, USA
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Pouliot RA, Young BM, Link PA, Park HE, Kahn AR, Shankar K, Schneck MB, Weiss DJ, Heise RL. Porcine Lung-Derived Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Properties Are Dependent on Pepsin Digestion Time. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:332-346. [PMID: 32390520 PMCID: PMC7310225 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from decellularized lungs are promising materials for tissue engineering in the development of clinical therapies and for modeling the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro. Characterizing and controlling the resulting physical, biochemical, mechanical, and biologic properties of decellularized ECM (dECM) after enzymatic solubilization and gelation are thus of key interest. As the role of enzymatic pepsin digestion in effecting these properties has been understudied, we investigated the digestion time-dependency on key parameters of the resulting ECM hydrogel. Using resolubilized, homogenized decellularized pig lung dECM as a model system, significant time-dependent changes in protein concentration, turbidity, and gelation potential were found to occur between the 4 and 24 h digestion time points, and plateauing with longer digestion times. These results correlated with qualitative scanning electron microscopy images and quantitative analysis of hydrogel interconnectivity and average fiber diameter. Interestingly, the time-dependent changes in the storage modulus tracked with the hydrogel interconnectivity results, while the Young's modulus values were more closely related to average fiber size at each time point. The structural and biochemical alterations correlated with significant changes in metabolic activity of several representative lung cells seeded onto the hydrogels with progressive decreases in cell viability and alterations in morphology observed in cells cultured on hydrogels produced with dECM digested for >12 and up to 72 h of digestion. These studies demonstrate that 12 h pepsin digest of pig lung dECM provides an optimal balance between desirable physical ECM hydrogel properties and effects on lung cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Pouliot
- College of Medicine Pulmonary Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Bethany M. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick A. Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Heon E. Park
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alison R. Kahn
- College of Medicine Pulmonary Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew B. Schneck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- College of Medicine Pulmonary Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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20
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Abstract
The pulmonary blood-gas barrier represents a remarkable feat of engineering. It achieves the exquisite thinness needed for gas exchange by diffusion, the strength to withstand the stresses and strains of repetitive and changing ventilation, and the ability to actively maintain itself under varied demands. Understanding the design principles of this barrier is essential to understanding a variety of lung diseases, and to successfully regenerating or artificially recapitulating the barrier ex vivo. Many classical studies helped to elucidate the unique structure and morphology of the mammalian blood-gas barrier, and ongoing investigations have helped to refine these descriptions and to understand the biological aspects of blood-gas barrier function and regulation. This article reviews the key features of the blood-gas barrier that enable achievement of the necessary design criteria and describes the mechanical environment to which the barrier is exposed. It then focuses on the biological and mechanical components of the barrier that preserve integrity during homeostasis, but which may be compromised in certain pathophysiological states, leading to disease. Finally, this article summarizes recent key advances in efforts to engineer the blood-gas barrier ex vivo, using the platforms of lung-on-a-chip and tissue-engineered whole lungs. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:415-452, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Uhl FE, Zhang F, Pouliot RA, Uriarte JJ, Rolandsson Enes S, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Westergren-Thorsson G, Malmström A, Hallgren O, Linhardt RJ, Weiss DJ. Functional role of glycosaminoglycans in decellularized lung extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:231-246. [PMID: 31751810 PMCID: PMC8713186 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in use of decellularized lung scaffolds in ex vivo lung bioengineering schemes, including use of gels and other materials derived from the scaffolds, the detailed composition and functional role of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans (PGs) and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains remaining in decellularized lungs, is poorly understood. Using a commonly utilized detergent-based decellularization approach in human autopsy lungs resulted in disproportionate losses of GAGs with depletion of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) > heparan sulfate (HS) > hyaluronic acid (HA). Specific changes in disaccharide composition of remaining GAGs were observed with disproportionate loss of NS and NS2S for HS groups and of 4S for CS/DS groups. No significant influence of smoking history, sex, time to autopsy, or age was observed in native vs. decellularized lungs. Notably, surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that GAGs remaining in decellularized lungs were unable to bind key matrix-associated growth factors FGF2, HGF, and TGFβ1. Growth of lung epithelial, pulmonary vascular, and stromal cells cultured on the surface of or embedded within gels derived from decellularized human lungs was differentially and combinatorially enhanced by replenishing specific GAGs and FGF2, HGF, and TGFβ1. In summary, lung decellularization results in loss and/or dysfunction of specific GAGs or side chains significantly affecting matrix-associated growth factor binding and lung cell metabolism. GAG and matrix-associated growth factor replenishment thus needs to be incorporated into schemes for investigations utilizing gels and other materials produced from decellularized human lungs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite progress in use of decellularized lung scaffolds in ex vivo lung bioengineering schemes, including use of gels and other materials derived from the scaffolds, the detailed composition and functional role of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans (PGs) and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains remaining in decellularized lungs, is poorly understood. In the current studies, we demonstrate that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are significantly depleted during decellularization and those that remain are dysfunctional and unable to bind matrix-associated growth factors critical for cell growth and differentiation. Systematically repleting GAGs and matrix-associated growth factors to gels derived from decellularized human lung significantly and differentially affects cell growth. These studies highlight the importance of considering GAGs in decellularized lungs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska E Uhl
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Robert A Pouliot
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | | | - Anders Malmström
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
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22
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Abstract
As the prevalence and impact of lung diseases continue to increase worldwide, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in lung-regenerative medicine, a broad field encompassing stem cells, cell-based therapies, and a range of bioengineering approaches, offer new insights into and new techniques for studying lung physiology and pathophysiology. This provides a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Applicability to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of recent advances and applications in cell-based therapies, predominantly those with mesenchymal stromal cell-based approaches, and bioengineering approaches for lung diseases are reviewed.
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23
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Obata T, Tsuchiya T, Akita S, Kawahara T, Matsumoto K, Miyazaki T, Masumoto H, Kobayashi E, Niklason LE, Nagayasu T. Utilization of Natural Detergent Potassium Laurate for Decellularization in Lung Bioengineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:459-471. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Obata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadanori Akita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kawahara
- Research and Development Department and Quality Assurance Department, Shabondama Soap Co., Ltd., Kitakyusyu City, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical-Engineering Hybrid Professional Development Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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24
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Fernández-Colino A, Iop L, Ventura Ferreira MS, Mela P. Fibrosis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: treat or trigger? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:17-36. [PMID: 31295523 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological condition resulting from a dysfunctional tissue repair process. There is no efficient treatment and organ transplantation is in many cases the only therapeutic option. Here we review tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) approaches to address fibrosis in the cardiovascular system, the kidney, the lung and the liver. These strategies have great potential to achieve repair or replacement of diseased organs by cell- and material-based therapies. However, paradoxically, they might also trigger fibrosis. Cases of TERM interventions with adverse outcome are also included in this review. Furthermore, we emphasize the fact that, although organ engineering is still in its infancy, the advances in the field are leading to biomedically relevant in vitro models with tremendous potential for disease recapitulation and development of therapies. These human tissue models might have increased predictive power for human drug responses thereby reducing the need for animal testing.
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Bölükbas DA, De Santis MM, Alsafadi HN, Doryab A, Wagner DE. The Preparation of Decellularized Mouse Lung Matrix Scaffolds for Analysis of Lung Regenerative Cell Potential. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1940:275-295. [PMID: 30788833 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9086-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the only option for patients with end-stage lung disease, but there is a shortage of available lung donors. Furthermore, efficiency of lung transplantation has been limited due to primary graft dysfunction. Recent mouse models mimicking lung disease in humans have allowed for deepening our understanding of disease pathomechanisms. Moreover, new techniques such as decellularization and recellularization have opened up new possibilities to contribute to our understanding of the regenerative mechanisms involved in the lung. Stripping the lung of its native cells allows for unprecedented analyses of extracellular matrix and sets a physiologic platform to study the regenerative potential of seeded cells. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathways involved for lung development and regeneration in mouse models can be translated to regeneration strategies in higher organisms, including humans. Here we describe and discuss several techniques used for murine lung de- and recellularization, methods for evaluation of efficacy including histology, protein/RNA isolation at the whole lung, as well as lung slices level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz A Bölükbas
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martina M De Santis
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ali Doryab
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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De Santis MM, Bölükbas DA, Lindstedt S, Wagner DE. How to build a lung: latest advances and emerging themes in lung bioengineering. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01355-2016. [PMID: 29903859 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01355-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The only option at end-stage disease is lung transplantation, but there are not enough donor lungs to meet clinical demand. Alternative options to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation are urgently required to close the gap on this unmet clinical need. A growing number of tissue engineering approaches are exploring the potential to generate lung tissue ex vivo for transplantation. Both biologically derived and manufactured scaffolds seeded with cells and grown ex vivo have been explored in pre-clinical studies, with the eventual goal of generating functional pulmonary tissue for transplantation. Recently, there have been significant efforts to scale-up cell culture methods to generate adequate cell numbers for human-scale bioengineering approaches. Concomitantly, there have been exciting efforts in designing bioreactors that allow for appropriate cell seeding and development of functional lung tissue over time. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art progress for each of these areas and to discuss promising new ideas within the field of lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M De Santis
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bellezzia MA, Cruz FF, Martins V, de Castro LL, Lopes-Pacheco M, Vilanova EP, Mourão PA, Rocco PRM, Silva PL. Impact of different intratracheal flows during lung decellularization on extracellular matrix composition and mechanics. Regen Med 2018; 13:519-530. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate different intratracheal flow rates on extracellular matrix content and lung mechanics in an established lung decellularization protocol. Materials & methods: Healthy mice were used: 15 for decellularization and five to serve as controls. Fluids were instilled at 5, 10 and 20 ml/min flow rates through tracheal cannula and right ventricular cavity (0.5 ml/min) in all groups. Results: The 20 ml/min rate better preserved collagen content in decellularized lungs. Elastic fiber content decreased at 5 and 10 ml/min, but not at 20 ml/min, compared with controls. Chondroitin, heparan and dermatan content was reduced after decellularization. Conclusion: An intratracheal flow rate of 20 ml/min was associated with lower resistance and greater preservation of collagen to that observed in ex vivo control lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Bellezzia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Martins
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Histomorphometry & Lung Genomics, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Lins de Castro
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Prata Vilanova
- Glycobiology Program, Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Connective Tissue Laboratory, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Mourão
- Glycobiology Program, Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Connective Tissue Laboratory, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia RM Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science & Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wrenn SM, Griswold ED, Uhl FE, Uriarte JJ, Park HE, Coffey AL, Dearborn JS, Ahlers BA, Deng B, Lam YW, Huston DR, Lee PC, Wagner DE, Weiss DJ. Avian lungs: A novel scaffold for lung bioengineering. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198956. [PMID: 29949597 PMCID: PMC6021073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic lung transplant is limited both by the shortage of available donor lungs and by the lack of suitable long-term lung assist devices to bridge patients to lung transplantation. Avian lungs have different structure and mechanics resulting in more efficient gas exchange than mammalian lungs. Decellularized avian lungs, recellularized with human lung cells, could therefore provide a powerful novel gas exchange unit for potential use in pulmonary therapeutics. To initially assess this in both small and large avian lung models, chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) lungs were decellularized using modifications of a detergent-based protocol, previously utilized with mammalian lungs. Light and electron microscopy, vascular and airway resistance, quantitation and gel analyses of residual DNA, and immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric analyses of remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins demonstrated maintenance of lung structure, minimal residual DNA, and retention of major ECM proteins in the decellularized scaffolds. Seeding with human bronchial epithelial cells, human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, human mesenchymal stromal cells, and human lung fibroblasts demonstrated initial cell attachment on decellularized avian lungs and growth over a 7-day period. These initial studies demonstrate that decellularized avian lungs may be a feasible approach for generating functional lung tissue for clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Wrenn
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ethan D. Griswold
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Franziska E. Uhl
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Heon E. Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jacob S. Dearborn
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Dryver R. Huston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gilpin SE, Wagner DE. Acellular human lung scaffolds to model lung disease and tissue regeneration. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180021. [PMID: 29875137 PMCID: PMC9488127 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in whole lung bioengineering have opened new doors for studying lung repair and regeneration ex vivo using acellular human derived lung tissue scaffolds. Methods to decellularise whole human lungs, lobes or resected segments from normal and diseased human lungs have been developed using both perfusion and immersion based techniques. Immersion based techniques allow laboratories without access to intact lobes the ability to generate acellular human lung scaffolds. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be further processed into small segments, thin slices or extracellular matrix extracts, to study cell behaviour such as viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent studies have offered important proof of concept of generating sufficient primary endothelial and lung epithelial cells to recellularise whole lobes that can be maintained for several days ex vivo in a bioreactor to study regeneration. In parallel, acellular human lung scaffolds have been increasingly used for studying cell–extracellular environment interactions. These studies have helped provide new insights into the role of the matrix and the extracellular environment in chronic human lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acellular human lung scaffolds are a versatile new tool for studying human lung repair and regeneration ex vivo. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be used as diverse tools to study lung disease and tissue regeneration ex vivohttp://ow.ly/ZS0l30k9MEH
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lund University, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund, Sweden .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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van der Velden JL, Wagner DE, Lahue KG, Abdalla ST, Lam YW, Weiss DJ, Janssen-Heininger YMW. TGF-β1-induced deposition of provisional extracellular matrix by tracheal basal cells promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase-1-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L984-L997. [PMID: 29469614 PMCID: PMC6032072 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00053.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells have been suggested as potential drivers of lung fibrosis, although the epithelial-dependent pathways that promote fibrogenesis remain unknown. Extracellular matrix is increasingly recognized as an environment that can drive cellular responses in various pulmonary diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated mouse tracheal basal (MTB) cells produce provisional matrix proteins in vitro, which initiate mesenchymal changes in subsequently freshly plated MTB cells via Rho kinase- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1)-dependent processes. Repopulation of decellularized lung scaffolds, derived from mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis or from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with wild-type MTB cells resulted in a loss of epithelial gene expression and augmentation of mesenchymal gene expression compared with cells seeded into decellularized normal lungs. In contrast, Jnk1-/- basal cells seeded into fibrotic lung scaffolds retained a robust epithelial expression profile, failed to induce mesenchymal genes, and differentiated into club cell secretory protein-expressing cells. This new paradigm wherein TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix derived from MTB cells activates a JNK1-dependent mesenchymal program, which impedes subsequent normal epithelial cell homeostasis, provides a plausible scenario of chronic aberrant epithelial repair, thought to be critical in lung fibrogenesis. This study identifies JNK1 as a possible target for inhibition in settings wherein reepithelialization is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering, and Regeneration, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sarah T Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Vermont Genetics Networks Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
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31
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Fakoya AOJ, Otohinoyi DA, Yusuf J. Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3123961. [PMID: 29853910 PMCID: PMC5949153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiopulmonary system is made up of the heart and the lungs, with the core function of one complementing the other. The unimpeded and optimal cycling of blood between these two systems is pivotal to the overall function of the entire human body. Although the function of the cardiopulmonary system appears uncomplicated, the tissues that make up this system are undoubtedly complex. Hence, damage to this system is undesirable as its capacity to self-regenerate is quite limited. The surge in the incidence and prevalence of cardiopulmonary diseases has reached a critical state for a top-notch response as it currently tops the mortality table. Several therapies currently being utilized can only sustain chronically ailing patients for a short period while they are awaiting a possible transplant, which is also not devoid of complications. Regenerative therapeutic techniques now appear to be a potential approach to solve this conundrum posed by these poorly self-regenerating tissues. Stem cell therapy alone appears not to be sufficient to provide the desired tissue regeneration and hence the drive for biomaterials that can support its transplantation and translation, providing not only physical support to seeded cells but also chemical and physiological cues to the cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. The cardiac and pulmonary systems, although literarily seen as just being functionally and spatially cooperative, as shown by their diverse and dissimilar adult cellular and tissue composition has been proven to share some common embryological codevelopment. However, necessitating their consideration for separate review is the immense adult architectural difference in these systems. This review also looks at details on new biological and synthetic biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and organ decellularization for cardiopulmonary regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Yusuf
- All Saints University School of Medicine, Roseau, Dominica
- All Saints University School of Medicine, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Zhou Y, Horowitz JC, Naba A, Ambalavanan N, Atabai K, Balestrini J, Bitterman PB, Corley RA, Ding BS, Engler AJ, Hansen KC, Hagood JS, Kheradmand F, Lin QS, Neptune E, Niklason L, Ortiz LA, Parks WC, Tschumperlin DJ, White ES, Chapman HA, Thannickal VJ. Extracellular matrix in lung development, homeostasis and disease. Matrix Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524630 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung's unique extracellular matrix (ECM), while providing structural support for cells, is critical in the regulation of developmental organogenesis, homeostasis and injury-repair responses. The ECM, via biochemical or biomechanical cues, regulates diverse cell functions, fate and phenotype. The composition and function of lung ECM become markedly deranged in pathological tissue remodeling. ECM-based therapeutics and bioengineering approaches represent promising novel strategies for regeneration/repair of the lung and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of lung ECM biology, including fundamental advances in ECM composition, dynamics, topography, and biomechanics; the role of the ECM in normal and aberrant lung development, adult lung diseases and autoimmunity; and ECM in the regulation of the stem cell niche. We identify opportunities to advance the field of lung ECM biology and provide a set recommendations for research priorities to advance knowledge that would inform novel approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | - Kamran Atabai
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | | | | | - Richard A Corley
- Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, United States.
| | - James S Hagood
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Qing S Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, United States.
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Laura Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, United States.
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States.
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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Conese M, Beccia E, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Colombo C, Angiolillo A, Carbone A. The long and winding road: stem cells for cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:281-292. [PMID: 29216777 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1413087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic syndrome with a high mortality rate due to severe lung disease. Despite having several drugs targeting specific mutated CFTR proteins already in clinical trials, new therapies, based on stem cells, are also emerging to treat those patients. AREAS COVERED The authors review the main sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), gestational stem cells, and adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of CF. Furthermore, they describe the main animal and human models of lung physiology and pathology, involved in the optimization of these stem cell-applied therapies in CF. EXPERT OPINION ESCs and iPSCs are emerging sources for disease modeling and drug discovery purposes. The allogeneic transplant of healthy MSCs, that acts independently to specific mutations, is under intense scrutiny due to their secretory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The main challenge for future developments will be to get exogenous stem cells into the appropriate lung location, where they can regenerate endogenous stem cells and act as inflammatory modulators. The clinical application of stem cells for the treatment of CF certainly warrants further insight into pre-clinical models, including large animals, organoids, decellularized organs and lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Conese
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Elisa Beccia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy.,b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- c Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- d Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' , San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
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Farré R, Otero J, Almendros I, Navajas D. Bioengineered Lungs: A Challenge and An Opportunity. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:31-38. [PMID: 29102342 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung biofabrication is a new tissue engineering and regenerative development aimed at providing organs for potential use in transplantation. Lung biofabrication is based on seeding cells into an acellular organ scaffold and on culturing them in an especial purpose bioreactor. The acellular lung scaffold is obtained by decellularizing a non-transplantable donor lung by means of conventional procedures based on application of physical, enzymatic and detergent agents. To avoid immune recipient's rejection of the transplanted bioengineered lung, autologous bone marrow/adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, lung progenitor cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are used for biofabricating the bioengineered lung. The bioreactor applies circulatory perfusion and mechanical ventilation with physiological parameters to the lung during biofabrication. These physical stimuli to the organ are translated into the stem cell local microenvironment - e.g. shear stress and cyclic stretch - so that cells sense the physiological conditions in normally functioning mature lungs. After seminal proof of concept in a rodent model was published in 2010, the hypothesis that lungs can be biofabricated is accepted and intense research efforts are being devoted to the topic. The current experimental evidence obtained so far in animal tests and in ex vivo human bioengineered lungs suggests that the date of first clinical tests, although not immediate, is coming. Lung bioengineering is a disrupting concept that poses a challenge for improving our basic science knowledge and is also an opportunity for facilitating lung transplantation in future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Otero
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Mazza G, Al-Akkad W, Telese A, Longato L, Urbani L, Robinson B, Hall A, Kong K, Frenguelli L, Marrone G, Willacy O, Shaeri M, Burns A, Malago M, Gilbertson J, Rendell N, Moore K, Hughes D, Notingher I, Jell G, Del Rio Hernandez A, De Coppi P, Rombouts K, Pinzani M. Rapid production of human liver scaffolds for functional tissue engineering by high shear stress oscillation-decellularization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5534. [PMID: 28717194 PMCID: PMC5514140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of human liver scaffolds retaining their 3-dimensional structure and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) composition is essential for the advancement of liver tissue engineering. We report the design and validation of a new methodology for the rapid and accurate production of human acellular liver tissue cubes (ALTCs) using normal liver tissue unsuitable for transplantation. The application of high shear stress is a key methodological determinant accelerating the process of tissue decellularization while maintaining ECM protein composition, 3D-architecture and physico-chemical properties of the native tissue. ALTCs were engineered with human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell lines (HepG2 and LX2 cells, respectively), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as primary human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Both parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells grown in ALTCs exhibited markedly different gene expression when compared to standard 2D cell cultures. Remarkably, HUVEC cells naturally migrated in the ECM scaffold and spontaneously repopulated the lining of decellularized vessels. The metabolic function and protein synthesis of engineered liver scaffolds with human primary hepatocytes reseeded under dynamic conditions were maintained. These results provide a solid basis for the establishment of effective protocols aimed at recreating human liver tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazza
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK.
| | - Walid Al-Akkad
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Telese
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Longato
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics. Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hall
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenny Kong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Frenguelli
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Giusi Marrone
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Willacy
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Shaeri
- CN Bio Innovations Limited. BioPark Hertfordshire, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alan Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Malago
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Gilbertson
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Rendell
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Moore
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - David Hughes
- CN Bio Innovations Limited. BioPark Hertfordshire, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Center for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science. University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health. University College London, London, UK
| | - Krista Rombouts
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital. University College London, London, UK
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Gilpin SE, Li Q, Evangelista-Leite D, Ren X, Reinhardt DP, Frey BL, Ott HC. Fibrillin-2 and Tenascin-C bridge the age gap in lung epithelial regeneration. Biomaterials 2017; 140:212-219. [PMID: 28662401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organ engineering based on native matrix scaffolds involves combining regenerative cell populations with corresponding biological matrices to form functional grafts on-demand. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that is retained following lung decellularization provides essential structure and biophysical cues for whole organ regeneration after recellularization. The unique ECM composition in the early post-natal lung, during active alveologenesis, may possess distinct signals that aid in driving cell adhesion, survival, and proliferation. We evaluated the behavior of basal epithelial stem cells (BESCs) isolated from adult human lung tissue, when cultured on acellular ECM derived from neonatal (aged < 1 week) or adult lung donors (n = 3 donors per group). A significant difference in cell proliferation and survival was found. We next performed in-depth proteomic analysis of the lung scaffolds to quantify proteins significantly enriched in the neonatal ECM, and identified the glycoproteins Fibrillin-2 (FBN-2) and Tenascin-C (TN-C) as potential mediators of the observed effect. BESCs cultured on Collagen Type IV coated plates, supplemented with FBN-2 and TN-C demonstrated significantly increased proliferation and decreased cellular senescence. No significant increase in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was observed. In vitro migration was also increased by FBN-2 and TN-C treatment. Decellularized lung scaffolds treated with FBN-2 and TN-C prior to re-epithelialization supported greater epithelial proliferation and tissue remodeling. BESC distribution, matrix alignment, and overall tissue morphology was improved on treated lung scaffolds, after 3 and 7 days of ex vivo lung culture. These results demonstrate that scaffold re-epithelialization is enhanced on neonatal lung ECM, and that supplementation of FBN-2 and TN-C to the native scaffold may be a valuable tool in lung tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniele Evangelista-Leite
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xi Ren
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, United States; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, United States
| | - Brian L Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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37
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Wu T, Economopoulos KP, Ott HC. Engineering Bioartificial Lungs for Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Uhl FE, Wagner DE, Weiss DJ. Preparation of Decellularized Lung Matrices for Cell Culture and Protein Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:253-283. [PMID: 28836208 PMCID: PMC7456164 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The limited available treatment options for patients with chronic lung diseases, such as fibrosis, lead to poor prognosis after diagnosis and short survival rates. An exciting new bioengineering approach utilizes de- and recellularization of lung tissue to potentially overcome donor organ shortage and immune reactions toward the received transplant. The goal of decellularization is to create a scaffold which contains the necessary framework for stability and functionality for regenerating lung tissue while removing immunomodulatory factors by removal of cells. After decellularization, the scaffold could be re-functionalized by repopulation with the patient's own stem/progenitor cells to create a fully functional organ or can be used as ex vivo models of disease. In this chapter the decellularization of lung tissue from multiple species (i.e., rodents, pigs, and humans) as well as disease states such as fibrosis is described. We discuss and describe the various quality control measures which should be used to characterize decellularized scaffolds, methods for protein analysis of the remaining scaffold, and methods for recellularization of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska E Uhl
- Department of Med-Pulmonary, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Med-Pulmonary, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Nonaka PN, Uriarte JJ, Campillo N, Oliveira VR, Navajas D, Farré R. Lung bioengineering: physical stimuli and stem/progenitor cell biology interplay towards biofabricating a functional organ. Respir Res 2016; 17:161. [PMID: 27894293 PMCID: PMC5126992 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A current approach to obtain bioengineered lungs as a future alternative for transplantation is based on seeding stem cells on decellularized lung scaffolds. A fundamental question to be solved in this approach is how to drive stem cell differentiation onto the different lung cell phenotypes. Whereas the use of soluble factors as agents to modulate the fate of stem cells was established from an early stage of the research with this type of cells, it took longer to recognize that the physical microenvironment locally sensed by stem cells (e.g. substrate stiffness, 3D architecture, cyclic stretch, shear stress, air-liquid interface, oxygenation gradient) also contributes to their differentiation. The potential role played by physical stimuli would be particularly relevant in lung bioengineering since cells within the organ are physiologically subjected to two main stimuli required to facilitate efficient gas exchange: air ventilation and blood perfusion across the organ. The present review focuses on describing how the cell mechanical microenvironment can modulate stem cell differentiation and how these stimuli could be incorporated into lung bioreactors for optimizing organ bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Nonaka
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinicius R Oliveira
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pothen JJ, Rajendran V, Wagner D, Weiss DJ, Smith BJ, Ma B, Bates JHT. A Computational Model of Cellular Engraftment on Lung Scaffolds. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:308-319. [PMID: 27843709 PMCID: PMC5107660 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that stem cells might be used to regenerate tissue is now being investigated for a variety of organs, but these investigations are still essentially exploratory and have few predictive tools available to guide experimentation. We propose, in this study, that the field of lung tissue regeneration might be better served by predictive tools that treat stem cells as agents that obey certain rules of behavior governed by both their phenotype and their environment. Sufficient knowledge of these rules of behavior would then, in principle, allow lung tissue development to be simulated computationally. Toward this end, we developed a simple agent-based computational model to simulate geographic patterns of cells seeded onto a lung scaffold. Comparison of the simulated patterns to those observed experimentally supports the hypothesis that mesenchymal stem cells proliferate preferentially toward the scaffold boundary, whereas alveolar epithelial cells do not. This demonstrates that a computational model of this type has the potential to assist in the discovery of rules of cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Pothen
- University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Darcy Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Grosshadern, und Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Baoshun Ma
- University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jason H T Bates
- University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
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41
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Yu Y, Alkhawaji A, Ding Y, Mei J. Decellularized scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58671-58683. [PMID: 27486772 PMCID: PMC5295461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic organ transplantation remains the ultimate solution for end-stage organ failure. Yet, the clinical application is limited by the shortage of donor organs and the need for lifelong immunosuppression, highlighting the importance of developing effective therapeutic strategies. In the field of regenerative medicine, various regenerative technologies have lately been developed using various biomaterials to address these limitations. Decellularized scaffolds, derived mainly from various non-autologous organs, have been proved a regenerative capability in vivo and in vitro and become an emerging treatment approach. However, this regenerative capability varies between scaffolds as a result of the diversity of anatomical structure and cellular composition of organs used for decellularization. Herein, recent advances in scaffolds based on organ regeneration in vivo and in vitro are highlighted along with aspects where further investigations and analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ali Alkhawaji
- Department of Anatomy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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42
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Platz J, Bonenfant NR, Uhl FE, Coffey AL, McKnight T, Parsons C, Sokocevic D, Borg ZD, Lam YW, Deng B, Fields JG, DeSarno M, Loi R, Hoffman AM, Bianchi J, Dacken B, Petersen T, Wagner DE, Weiss DJ. Comparative Decellularization and Recellularization of Wild-Type and Alpha 1,3 Galactosyltransferase Knockout Pig Lungs: A Model for Ex Vivo Xenogeneic Lung Bioengineering and Transplantation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:725-39. [PMID: 27310581 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel potential approach for lung transplantation could be to utilize xenogeneic decellularized pig lung scaffolds that are recellularized with human lung cells. However, pig tissues express several immunogenic proteins, notably galactosylated cell surface glycoproteins resulting from alpha 1,3 galactosyltransferase (α-gal) activity, that could conceivably prevent effective use. Use of lungs from α-gal knock out (α-gal KO) pigs presents a potential alternative and thus comparative de- and recellularization of wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs was assessed. METHODS Decellularized lungs were compared by histologic, immunohistochemical, and mass spectrometric techniques. Recellularization was assessed following compartmental inoculation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells, human lung fibroblasts, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (all via airway inoculation), and human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (CBF) (vascular inoculation). RESULTS No obvious differences in histologic structure was observed but an approximate 25% difference in retention of residual proteins was determined between decellularized wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs, including retention of α-galactosylated epitopes in acellular wild-type pig lungs. However, robust initial recellularization and subsequent growth and proliferation was observed for all cell types with no obvious differences between cells seeded into wild-type versus α-gal KO lungs. CONCLUSION These proof of concept studies demonstrate that decellularized wild-type and α-gal KO pig lungs can be comparably decellularized and comparably support initial growth of human lung cells, despite some differences in retained proteins. α-Gal KO pig lungs are a suitable platform for further studies of xenogeneic lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Platz
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas R Bonenfant
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Franziska E Uhl
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Coffey
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tristan McKnight
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Charles Parsons
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Dino Sokocevic
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zachary D Borg
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bin Deng
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Julia G Fields
- 2 Department of Biology and VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont College of Arts and Sciences , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael DeSarno
- 3 Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Roberto Loi
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrew M Hoffman
- 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University , Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Thomas Petersen
- 8 United Therapeutics Corp., Research Triangle Park , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont.,9 Comprehensive Pneumonology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
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44
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Balestrini JL, Gard AL, Gerhold KA, Wilcox EC, Liu A, Schwan J, Le AV, Baevova P, Dimitrievska S, Zhao L, Sundaram S, Sun H, Rittié L, Dyal R, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP, Schwartz MA, Niklason LE, White ES. Comparative biology of decellularized lung matrix: Implications of species mismatch in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2016; 102:220-30. [PMID: 27344365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung engineering is a promising technology, relying on re-seeding of either human or xenographic decellularized matrices with patient-derived pulmonary cells. Little is known about the species-specificity of decellularization in various models of lung regeneration, or if species dependent cell-matrix interactions exist within these systems. Therefore decellularized scaffolds were produced from rat, pig, primate and human lungs, and assessed by measuring residual DNA, mechanical properties, and key matrix proteins (collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans). To study intrinsic matrix biologic cues, human endothelial cells were seeded onto acellular slices and analyzed for markers of cell health and inflammation. Despite similar levels of collagen after decellularization, human and primate lungs were stiffer, contained more elastin, and retained fewer glycosaminoglycans than pig or rat lung scaffolds. Human endothelial cells seeded onto human and primate lung tissue demonstrated less expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule and activation of nuclear factor-κB compared to those seeded onto rodent or porcine tissue. Adhesion of endothelial cells was markedly enhanced on human and primate tissues. Our work suggests that species-dependent biologic cues intrinsic to lung extracellular matrix could have profound effects on attempts at lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Balestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashley L Gard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Elise C Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew V Le
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sumati Sundaram
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huanxing Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Dyal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tom J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Anesthesiolgy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zvarova B, Uhl FE, Uriarte JJ, Borg ZD, Coffey AL, Bonenfant NR, Weiss DJ, Wagner DE. Residual Detergent Detection Method for Nondestructive Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Decellularized Whole Lung Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:418-28. [PMID: 26905643 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable tissue engineering methods using decellularized cadaveric or donor lungs could potentially provide a new source of lung tissue. The vast majority of current lung decellularization protocols are detergent based and incompletely removed residual detergents may have a deleterious impact on subsequent scaffold recellularization. Detergent removal and quality control measures that rigorously and reliably confirm removal, ideally utilizing nondestructive methods, are thus critical for generating optimal acellular scaffolds suitable for potential clinical translation. Using a modified and optimized version of a methylene blue-based detergent assay, we developed a straightforward, noninvasive method for easily and reliably detecting two of the most commonly utilized anionic detergents, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in lung decellularization effluents. In parallel studies, we sought to determine the threshold of detergent concentration that was cytotoxic using four different representative human cell types utilized in the study of lung recellularization: human bronchial epithelial cells, human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (CBF12), human lung fibroblasts, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, different cells have varying thresholds for either SDC or SDS-based detergent-induced cytotoxicity. These studies demonstrate the importance of reliably removing residual detergents and argue that multiple cell lines should be tested in cytocompatibility-based assessments of acellular scaffolds. The detergent detection assay presented here is a useful nondestructive tool for assessing detergent removal in potential decellularization schemes or for use as a potential endpoint in future clinical schemes, generating acellular lungs using anionic detergent-based decellularization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Zvarova
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Franziska E Uhl
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- 2 Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,3 CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Madrid, Spain
| | - Zachary D Borg
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Coffey
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Daniel J Weiss
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont.,4 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern , Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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46
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Godin LM, Sandri BJ, Wagner DE, Meyer CM, Price AP, Akinnola I, Weiss DJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Decreased Laminin Expression by Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts Cultured in Acellular Lung Scaffolds from Aged Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150966. [PMID: 26954258 PMCID: PMC4783067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung changes functionally and structurally with aging. However, age-related effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) and corresponding effects on lung cell behavior are not well understood. We hypothesized that ECM from aged animals would induce aging-related phenotypic changes in healthy inoculated cells. Decellularized whole organ scaffolds provide a powerful model for examining how ECM cues affect cell phenotype. The effects of age on ECM composition in both native and decellularized mouse lungs were assessed as was the effect of young vs old acellular ECM on human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) and lung fibroblasts (hLFs). Native aged (1 year) lungs demonstrated decreased expression of laminins α3 and α4, elastin and fibronectin, and elevated collagen, compared to young (3 week) lungs. Proteomic analyses of decellularized ECM demonstrated similar findings, and decellularized aged lung ECM contained less diversity in structural proteins compared to young ECM. When seeded in old ECM, hBECs and hLFs demonstrated lower gene expression of laminins α3 and α4, respectively, as compared to young ECM, paralleling the laminin deficiency of aged ECM. ECM changes appear to be important factors in potentiating aging-related phenotypes and may provide clues to mechanisms that allow for aging-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Godin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Sandri
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Carolyn M. Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Price
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ifeolu Akinnola
- MSTP Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Balestrini JL, Liu A, Gard AL, Huie J, Blatt KM, Schwan J, Zhao L, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP, Wilcox EC, Niklason LE. Sterilization of Lung Matrices by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:260-9. [PMID: 26697757 PMCID: PMC4782026 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung engineering is a potential alternative to transplantation for patients with end-stage pulmonary failure. Two challenges critical to the successful development of an engineered lung developed from a decellularized scaffold include (i) the suppression of resident infectious bioburden in the lung matrix, and (ii) the ability to sterilize decellularized tissues while preserving the essential biological and mechanical features intact. To date, the majority of lungs are sterilized using high concentrations of peracetic acid (PAA) resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) depletion. These mechanically altered tissues have little to no storage potential. In this study, we report a sterilizing technique using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) that can achieve a sterility assurance level 10(-6) in decellularized lung matrix. The effects of ScCO2 treatment on the histological, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the sterile decellularized lung were evaluated and compared with those of freshly decellularized lung matrix and with PAA-treated acellular lung. Exposure of the decellularized tissue to ScCO2 did not significantly alter tissue architecture, ECM content or organization (glycosaminoglycans, elastin, collagen, and laminin), observations of cell engraftment, or mechanical integrity of the tissue. Furthermore, these attributes of lung matrix did not change after 6 months in sterile buffer following sterilization with ScCO2, indicating that ScCO2 produces a matrix that is stable during storage. The current study's results indicate that ScCO2 can be used to sterilize acellular lung tissue while simultaneously preserving key biological components required for the function of the scaffold for regenerative medicine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Balestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ashley L. Gard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tom J. Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elise C. Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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48
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An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:S79-97. [PMID: 25897748 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201502-086st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cell Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," held July 29 to August 1, 2013 at the University of Vermont. The conference objectives were to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are all rapidly expanding areas of study that both provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, discuss and debate current controversies, and identify future research directions and opportunities for both basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. This conference was a follow-up to four previous biennial conferences held at the University of Vermont in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. Each of those conferences, also sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Thoracic Society, and Respiratory Disease Foundations, has been important in helping guide research and funding priorities. The major conference recommendations are summarized at the end of the report and highlight both the significant progress and major challenges in these rapidly progressing fields.
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Guyette JP, Charest JM, Mills RW, Jank BJ, Moser PT, Gilpin SE, Gershlak JR, Okamoto T, Gonzalez G, Milan DJ, Gaudette GR, Ott HC. Bioengineering Human Myocardium on Native Extracellular Matrix. Circ Res 2015; 118:56-72. [PMID: 26503464 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE More than 25 million individuals have heart failure worldwide, with ≈4000 patients currently awaiting heart transplantation in the United States. Donor organ shortage and allograft rejection remain major limitations with only ≈2500 hearts transplanted each year. As a theoretical alternative to allotransplantation, patient-derived bioartificial myocardium could provide functional support and ultimately impact the treatment of heart failure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to translate previous work to human scale and clinically relevant cells for the bioengineering of functional myocardial tissue based on the combination of human cardiac matrix and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS To provide a clinically relevant tissue scaffold, we translated perfusion-decellularization to human scale and obtained biocompatible human acellular cardiac scaffolds with preserved extracellular matrix composition, architecture, and perfusable coronary vasculature. We then repopulated this native human cardiac matrix with cardiomyocytes derived from nontransgenic human induced pluripotent stem cells and generated tissues of increasing 3-dimensional complexity. We maintained such cardiac tissue constructs in culture for 120 days to demonstrate definitive sarcomeric structure, cell and matrix deformation, contractile force, and electrical conduction. To show that functional myocardial tissue of human scale can be built on this platform, we then partially recellularized human whole-heart scaffolds with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Under biomimetic culture, the seeded constructs developed force-generating human myocardial tissue and showed electrical conductivity, left ventricular pressure development, and metabolic function. CONCLUSIONS Native cardiac extracellular matrix scaffolds maintain matrix components and structure to support the seeding and engraftment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and enable the bioengineering of functional human myocardial-like tissue of multiple complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques P Guyette
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Jonathan M Charest
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Robert W Mills
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Philipp T Moser
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Joshua R Gershlak
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - David J Milan
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Glenn R Gaudette
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.)
| | - Harald C Ott
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (J.P.G., J.M.C., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., T.O., G.G., H.C.O.), Cardiovascular Research Center (R.W.M., D.J.M.), Division of Cardiology (D.J.M.), and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.C.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.G., B.J.J., P.T.M., S.E.G., G.G., H.C.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA (J.R.G., G.R.G.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (H.C.O.).
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Balestrini JL, Gard AL, Liu A, Leiby KL, Schwan J, Kunkemoeller B, Calle EA, Sivarapatna A, Lin T, Dimitrievska S, Cambpell SG, Niklason LE. Production of decellularized porcine lung scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1598-610. [PMID: 26426090 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of work dedicated to producing acellular lung scaffolds for use in regenerative medicine by decellularizing donor lungs of various species. These scaffolds typically undergo substantial matrix damage due to the harsh conditions required to remove cellular material (e.g., high pH, strong detergents), lengthy processing times, or pre-existing tissue contamination from microbial colonization. In this work, a new decellularization technique is described that maintains the global tissue architecture, key matrix components, mechanical composition and cell-seeding potential of lung tissue while effectively removing resident cellular material. Acellular lung scaffolds were produced from native porcine lungs using a combination of Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at low concentrations in 24 hours. We assessed the effect of matrix decellularization by measuring residual DNA, biochemical composition, mechanical characteristics, tissue architecture, and recellularization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Balestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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