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Morizet J, Chow D, Wijesinghe P, Schartner E, Dwapanyin G, Dubost N, Bruce GD, Anckaert E, Dunning K, Dholakia K. UVA Hyperspectral Light-Sheet Microscopy for Volumetric Metabolic Imaging: Application to Preimplantation Embryo Development. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:4177-4187. [PMID: 38145166 PMCID: PMC10739996 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a key regulator of energetics, cell growth, regeneration, and homeostasis. Spatially mapping the heterogeneity of cellular metabolic activity is of great importance for unraveling the overall cell and tissue health. In this regard, imaging the endogenous metabolic cofactors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), with subcellular resolution and in a noninvasive manner would be useful to determine tissue and cell viability in a clinical environment, but practical use is limited by current imaging techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of phasor-based hyperspectral light-sheet (HS-LS) microscopy using a single UVA excitation wavelength as a route to mapping metabolism in three dimensions. We show that excitation solely at a UVA wavelength of 375 nm can simultaneously excite NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence, while their relative contributions can be readily quantified using a hardware-based spectral phasor analysis. We demonstrate the potential of our HS-LS system by capturing dynamic changes in metabolic activity during preimplantation embryo development. To validate our approach, we delineate metabolic changes during preimplantation embryo development from volumetric maps of metabolic activity. Importantly, our approach overcomes the need for multiple excitation wavelengths, two-photon imaging, or significant postprocessing of data, paving the way toward clinical translation, such as in situ, noninvasive assessment of embryo viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Morizet
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Darren Chow
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Erik Schartner
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Centre
of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - George Dwapanyin
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Nicolas Dubost
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Graham D. Bruce
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Ellen Anckaert
- Faculty of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Kylie Dunning
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
- Centre
of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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2
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Bess SN, Igoe MJ, Denison AC, Muldoon TJ. Autofluorescence imaging of endogenous metabolic cofactors in response to cytokine stimulation of classically activated macrophages. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 37957679 PMCID: PMC10644562 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are one of the most prevalent subsets of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and perform a range of functions depending on the cytokines and chemokines released by surrounding cells and tissues. Recent research has revealed that macrophages can exhibit a spectrum of phenotypes, making them highly plastic due to their ability to alter their physiology in response to environmental cues. Recent advances in examining heterogeneous macrophage populations include optical metabolic imaging, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and multiphoton microscopy. However, the method of detection for these systems is reliant upon the coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD, which can be affected by factors other than cytoplasmic metabolic changes. In this study, we seek to validate these optical measures of metabolism by comparing optical results to more standard methods of evaluating cellular metabolism, such as extracellular flux assays and the presence of metabolic intermediates. METHODS Here, we used autofluorescence imaging of endogenous metabolic co-factors via multiphoton microscopy and FLIM in conjunction with oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate through Seahorse extracellular flux assays to detect changes in cellular metabolism in quiescent and classically activated macrophages in response to cytokine stimulation. RESULTS Based on our Seahorse XFP flux analysis, M0 and M1 macrophages exhibit comparable trends in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Autofluorescence imaging of M0 and M1 macrophages was not only able to show acute changes in the optical redox ratio from pre-differentiation (0 hours) to 72 hours post-cytokine differentiation (M0: 0.320 to 0.258 and M1: 0.316 to 0.386), mean NADH lifetime (M0: 1.272 ns to 1.379 ns and M1: 1.265 ns to 1.206 ns), and A1/A2 ratio (M0: 3.452 to ~ 4 and M1: 3.537 to 4.529) but could also detect heterogeneity within each macrophage population. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this study suggest that autofluorescence metabolic imaging could be a reliable technique for longitudinal tracking of immune cell metabolism during activation post-cytokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby N Bess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew J Igoe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Abby C Denison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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3
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Rodimova S, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Kaplin V, Epifanov E, Minaev N, Bardakova K, Solovieva A, Timashev P, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. FLIM imaging revealed spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on gradient pore size tissue-engineered constructs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:81. [PMID: 37046354 PMCID: PMC10091689 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent clinical need for targeted strategies aimed at the treatment of bone defects resulting from fractures, infections or tumors. 3D scaffolds represent an alternative to allogeneic MSC transplantation, due to their mimicry of the cell niche and the preservation of tissue structure. The actual structure of the scaffold itself can affect both effective cell adhesion and its osteoinductive properties. Currently, the effects of the structural heterogeneity of scaffolds on the behavior of cells and tissues at the site of damage have not been extensively studied. METHODS Both homogeneous and heterogeneous scaffolds were generated from poly(L-lactic acid) methacrylated in supercritical carbon dioxide medium and were fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The homogeneous scaffolds consist of three layers of cylinders of the same diameter, whereas the heterogeneous (gradient pore sizes) scaffolds contain the middle layer of cylinders of increased diameter, imitating the native structure of spongy bone. To evaluate the osteoinductive properties of both types of scaffold, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was used for determining the metabolic states of MSCs, as a sensitive marker of cell differentiation. The results obtained from this approach were verified using standard markers of osteogenic differentiation and based on data from morphological analysis. RESULTS The heterogeneous scaffolds showed improved osteoinductive properties, accelerated the metabolic rearrangements associated with osteogenic differentiation, and enhanced the efficiency of bone tissue recovery, thereby providing for both the development of appropriate morphology and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that the heterogeneous tissue constructs are a promising tool for the restoration of bone defects. And, furthermore, that our results demonstrate that the use of label-free bioimaging methods can be considered as an effective approach for intravital assessment of the efficiency of differentiation of MSCs on scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022.
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000.
| | - Artem Mozherov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Alena Gavrina
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Vladislav Kaplin
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Evgenii Epifanov
- Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia, 108840
| | - Nikita Minaev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ksenia Bardakova
- Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Institute of Photonic Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia, 108840
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anna Solovieva
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603022
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603000
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Optical Biomedical Imaging Reveals Criteria for Violated Liver Regenerative Potential. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030479. [PMID: 36766821 PMCID: PMC9914457 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatic pathologies, it is necessary to develop an approach to express the intraoperative assessment of the liver's regenerative potential. Traditional clinical methods do not enable the prediction of the function of the liver remnant. Modern label-free bioimaging, using multiphoton microscopy in combination with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), can both expand the possibilities for diagnosing liver pathologies and for assessing the regenerative potential of the liver. Using multiphoton and SHG microscopy, we assessed the structural state of liver tissue at different stages of induced steatosis and fibrosis before and after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats. Using FLIM, we also performed a detailed analysis of the metabolic state of the hepatocytes. We were able to determine criteria that can reveal a lack of regenerative potential in violated liver, such as the presence of zones with reduced NAD(P)H autofluorescence signals. Furthermore, for a liver with pathology, there was an absence of the jump in the fluorescence lifetime contributions of the bound form of NADH and NADPH the 3rd day after hepatectomy that is characteristic of normal liver regeneration. Such results are associated with decreased intensity of oxidative phosphorylation and of biosynthetic processes in pathological liver, which is the reason for the impaired liver recovery. This modern approach offers an effective tool that can be successfully translated into the clinic for express, intraoperative assessment of the regenerative potential of the pathological liver of a patient.
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5
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Manno C, Tammineni E, Figueroa L, Oropeza-Almazán Y, Rios E. A novel method for determining murine skeletal muscle fiber type using autofluorescence lifetimes. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213341. [PMID: 35796671 PMCID: PMC9272018 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a simple way to identify fiber types in living muscles by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We quantified the mean values of lifetimes τ1 and τ2 derived from a two-exponential fit in freshly dissected mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and soleus muscles. While τ1 values changed following a bimodal behavior between muscles, the distribution of τ2 is shifted to higher values in FDB. To understand the origin of this difference, we obtained maps of autofluorescence lifetimes of flavin mononucleotide and dinucleotide (FMN/FAD) in cryosections, where excitation was set at 440 nm and emission at a bandwidth of between 500 and 570 nm, and paired them with immunofluorescence images of myosin heavy chain isoforms, which allowed identification of fiber types. In soleus, τ2 was 3.16 ns for type I (SD 0.11, 97 fibers), 3.45 ns for IIA (0.10, 69), and 3.46 ns for IIX (0.12, 65). In FDB muscle, τ2 was 3.17 ns for type I (0.08, 22), 3.46 ns for IIA (0.16, 48), and 3.66 ns for IIX (0.15, 43). From τ2 distributions, it follows that an FDB fiber with τ2 > 3.3 ns is expected to be of type II, and of type I otherwise. This simple classification method has first and second kind errors estimated at 0.02 and 0.10, which can be lowered by reducing the threshold for identification of type I and increasing it for type II. Lifetime maps of autofluorescence, therefore, constitute a tool to identify fiber types that, for being practical, fast, and noninvasive, can be applied in living tissue without compromising other experimental interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Manno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL,Correspondence to Carlo Manno:
| | - Eshwar Tammineni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lourdes Figueroa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eduardo Rios
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL
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6
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Rodimova S, Elagin V, Karabut M, Koryakina I, Timin A, Zagainov V, Zyuzin M, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Toxicological Analysis of Hepatocytes Using FLIM Technique: In Vitro versus Ex Vivo Models. Cells 2021; 10:2894. [PMID: 34831114 PMCID: PMC8616382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new criteria indicating acute or chronic pathological processes resulting from exposure to toxic agents, testing of drugs for potential hepatotoxicity, and fundamental study of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity at a molecular level still represents a challenging issue that requires the selection of adequate research models and tools. Microfluidic chips (MFCs) offer a promising in vitro model for express analysis and are easy to implement. However, to obtain comprehensive information, more complex models are needed. A fundamentally new label-free approach for studying liver pathology is fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We obtained FLIM data on both the free and bound forms of NAD(P)H, which is associated with different metabolic pathways. In clinical cases, liver pathology resulting from overdoses is most often as a result of acetaminophen (APAP) or alcohol (ethanol). Therefore, we have studied and compared the metabolic state of hepatocytes in various experimental models of APAP and ethanol hepatotoxicity. We have determined the potential diagnostic criteria including the pathologically altered metabolism of the hepatocytes in the early stages of toxic damage, including pronounced changes in the contribution from the bound form of NAD(P)H. In contrast to the MFCs, the changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in the ex vivo models are, to a greater extent, associated with compensatory processes. Thus, MFCs in combination with FLIM can be applied as an effective tool set for the express modeling and diagnosis of hepatotoxicity in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Irina Koryakina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alexander Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., 634034 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya St., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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7
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Cells/colony motion of oral keratinocytes determined by non-invasive and quantitative measurement using optical flow predicts epithelial regenerative capacity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10403. [PMID: 34001929 PMCID: PMC8128884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells/colony motion determined by non-invasive, quantitative measurements using the optical flow (OF) algorithm can indicate the oral keratinocyte proliferative capacity in early-phase primary cultures. This study aimed to determine a threshold for the cells/colony motion index to detect substandard cell populations in a subsequent subculture before manufacturing a tissue-engineered oral mucosa graft and to investigate the correlation with the epithelial regenerative capacity. The distinctive proliferating pattern of first-passage [passage 1 (p1)] cells reveals the motion of p1 cells/colonies, which can be measured in a non-invasive, quantitative manner using OF with fewer full-screen imaging analyses and cell segmentations. Our results demonstrate that the motion index lower than 40 μm/h reflects cellular damages by experimental metabolic challenges although this value shall only apply in case of our culture system. Nonetheless, the motion index can be used as the threshold to determine the quality of cultured cells while it may be affected by any different culture conditions. Because the p1 cells/colony motion index is correlated with epithelial regenerative capacity, it is a reliable index for quality control of oral keratinocytes.
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8
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Lloyd WR, Lee SY, Elahi SF, Chen LC, Kuo S, Kim HM, Marcelo C, Feinberg SE, Mycek MA. Noninvasive Optical Assessment of Implanted Tissue-Engineered Construct Success In Situ. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:287-295. [PMID: 33726570 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was developed for label-free, noninvasive, and real-time assessment of implanted tissue-engineered devices manufactured from primary human oral keratinocytes (six batches in two 5-patient cohorts). Constructs were implanted in a murine model for 1 and 3 weeks. DRS evaluated construct success in situ using optical absorption (hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation, attributed to revascularization) and optical scattering (attributed to cellular density and layer thickness). Destructive pre- and postimplantation histology distinguished experimental control from stressed constructs, whereas noninvasive preimplantation measures of keratinocyte glucose consumption and residual glucose in spent culture media did not. In constructs implanted for 1 week, DRS distinguished control due to stressed and compromised from healthy constructs. In constructs implanted for 3 weeks, DRS identified constructs with higher postimplantation success. These results suggest that quantitative DRS is a promising, clinically compatible technology for rapid, noninvasive, and localized tissue assessment to characterize tissue-engineered construct success in vivo. Impact statement Despite the recent advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, there is still a lack of nondestructive tools to longitudinally monitor the implanted tissue-engineered devices. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a clinically viable technique for noninvasive, label-free, and rapid characterization of graft success in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lloyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sakib F Elahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leng-Chun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiuhyang Kuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cynthia Marcelo
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Zhang X, Mariano CF, Ando Y, Shen K. Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1510. [PMID: 33073545 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea F Mariano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Chen LC, Kuo S, Lloyd WR, Kim HM, Marcelo CL, Feinberg SE, Mycek MA. Optical Metric Assessed Engineered Tissues Over a Range of Viability States. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:305-313. [PMID: 30973066 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conventional methods to assess engineered tissue morphology and viability are destructive techniques with limited utility for tissue constructs intended for implantation in patients. Sterile label-free optical molecular imaging methods analyzed tissue endogenous fluorophores without staining, noninvasively and quantitatively assessing engineered tissue, in lieu of destructive assessment methods. The objective of this study is to further investigate label-free optical metrics and their correlation with destructive methods. Tissue-engineered constructs (n = 33 constructs) fabricated with primary human oral keratinocytes (n = 10 patients) under control, thermal stress, and rapamycin treatment manufacturing conditions exhibited a range of tissue viability states, as evaluated by quantitative histology scoring, WST-1 assay, Ki-67 immunostaining imaging, and label-free optical molecular imaging methods. Both histology sections of fixed tissues and cross-sectioned label-free optical images of living tissues provided quantitative spatially selective information on local tissue morphology, but optical methods noninvasively characterized both local tissue morphology and cellular viability at the same living tissue site. Furthermore, optical metrics noninvasively assessed living tissue viability with a statistical significance consistent with the destructive tissue assays WST-1 and histology. Over the range of cell viability states created experimentally, optical metrics noninvasively and quantitatively characterized living tissue viability and correlated with the destructive WST-1 tissue assay. By providing, under sterile conditions, noninvasive metrics that were comparable with conventional destructive tissue assays, label-free optical molecular imaging has the potential to monitor and assess engineered tissue construct viability before surgical implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng-Chun Chen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shiuhyang Kuo
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William R Lloyd
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- 3 Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cynthia L Marcelo
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering and Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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11
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Sriram G, Sudhaharan T, Wright GD. Multiphoton Microscopy for Noninvasive and Label-Free Imaging of Human Skin and Oral Mucosa Equivalents. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2150:195-212. [PMID: 30941721 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a powerful modality for noninvasive, spatial, and temporal imaging of biological tissues without the use of labels and/or dyes. It provides complimentary imaging modalities, which include two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). 2PEF from endogenous chromophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADH), flavins and keratin enable visualization of cellular and subcellular structures. SHG provides visualization of asymmetric macromolecular structures such as collagen. These modalities enable the visualization of biochemical and biological alterations within live tissues in their native state.Organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents have been increasingly used across basic and translational research. However, assessment of the skin and oral mucosa equivalents is predominantly based on histological techniques which are not suited for real-time imaging and longitudinal studies of the tissues in their native state. 2PEF from endogenous chromophores and SHG from collagen can be effectively used as an imaging tool for noninvasive and label-free acquisition of cellular and matrix structures of live skin and oral mucosa cultures.In this chapter, the methods for noninvasive and label-free imaging of monolayer and organotypic cultures of the skin and oral mucosa using multiphoton microscopy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Thankiah Sudhaharan
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Graham D Wright
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Hoshikawa E, Sato T, Kimori Y, Suzuki A, Haga K, Kato H, Tabeta K, Nanba D, Izumi K. Noninvasive measurement of cell/colony motion using image analysis methods to evaluate the proliferative capacity of oral keratinocytes as a tool for quality control in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419881528. [PMID: 31662840 PMCID: PMC6794654 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419881528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-based cell/colony analyses offer promising solutions to compensate for the
lack of quality control (QC) tools for noninvasive monitoring of cultured cells,
a regulatory challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, the feasibility of two
image analysis algorithms, optical flow and normalised cross-correlation, to
noninvasively measure cell/colony motion in human primary oral keratinocytes for
screening the proliferative capacity of cells in the early phases of cell
culture were examined. We applied our software to movies converted from 96
consecutive time-lapse phase-contrast images of an oral keratinocyte culture.
After segmenting the growing colonies, two indices were calculated based on each
algorithm. The correlation between each index of the colonies and their
proliferative capacity was evaluated. The software was able to assess
cell/colony motion noninvasively, and each index reflected the observed cell
kinetics. A positive linear correlation was found between cell/colony motion and
proliferative capacity, indicating that both algorithms are potential tools for
QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Management and Information Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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13
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McGuire MK, Tavelli L, Feinberg SE, Rasperini G, Zucchelli G, Wang HL, Giannobile WV. Living cell-based regenerative medicine technologies for periodontal soft tissue augmentation. J Periodontol 2019; 91:155-164. [PMID: 31465117 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of human living cells into scaffolding matrices has progressively gained popularity in the field of periodontal wound healing and regeneration. Living cellular constructs based on fibroblasts, keratinocytes alone or in combination have been developed and used as alternatives to autogenous soft tissue grafts in keratinized tissue augmentation and in root coverage procedures. Their promising advantages include reduced patient morbidity, unlimited graft availability, and comparable esthetics. This manuscript reviews soft tissue augmentation and root coverage procedures using bioengineered living cellular therapy and highlights their expected clinical, esthetic, and patient-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K McGuire
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Private practice, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas, Dental Branch Houston and Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Tavelli
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giulio Rasperini
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zucchelli
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Kolenc OI, Quinn KP. Evaluating Cell Metabolism Through Autofluorescence Imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:875-889. [PMID: 29268621 PMCID: PMC6352511 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical imaging using the endogenous fluorescence of metabolic cofactors has enabled nondestructive examination of dynamic changes in cell and tissue function both in vitro and in vivo. Quantifying NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence through an optical redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) provides sensitivity to the relative balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glucose catabolism. Since its introduction decades ago, the use of NAD(P)H imaging has expanded to include applications involving almost every major tissue type and a variety of pathologies. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the use of two-photon excited fluorescence and NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime techniques in cancer, neuroscience, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications over the last 5 years. In a variety of cancer models, NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity and lifetime measurements demonstrate a sensitivity to the Warburg effect, suggesting potential for early detection or high-throughput drug screening. The sensitivity to the biosynthetic demands of stem cell differentiation and tissue repair processes indicates the range of applications for this imaging technology may be broad. CRITICAL ISSUES As the number of applications for these fluorescence imaging techniques expand, identifying and characterizing additional intrinsic fluorophores and chromophores present in vivo will be vital to accurately measure and interpret metabolic outcomes. Understanding the full capabilities and limitations of FLIM will also be key to future advances. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work is needed to evaluate whether a combination of different biochemical and structural outcomes using these imaging techniques can provide complementary information regarding the utilization of specific metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Kolenc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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15
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Kaushik G, Gil DA, Torr E, Berge ES, Soref C, Uhl P, Fontana G, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Edington C, Schwartz MP, Griffith LG, Thomson JA, Skala MC, Daly WT, Murphy WL. Quantitative Label-Free Imaging of 3D Vascular Networks Self-Assembled in Synthetic Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801186. [PMID: 30565891 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is an important strategy to overcome diffusion limits and enable the formation of complex, physiologically relevant engineered tissues and organoids. Self-assembly is a technique to generate in vitro vascular networks, but engineering the necessary network morphology and function remains challenging. Here, autofluorescence multiphoton microscopy (aMPM), a label-free imaging technique, is used to quantitatively evaluate in vitro vascular network morphology. Vascular networks are generated using human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells and primary human pericytes encapsulated in synthetic poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Two custom-built bioreactors are used to generate distinct fluid flow patterns during vascular network formation: recirculating flow or continuous flow. aMPM is used to image these 3D vascular networks without the need for fixation, labels, or dyes. Image processing and analysis algorithms are developed to extract quantitative morphological parameters from these label-free images. It is observed with aMPM that both bioreactors promote formation of vascular networks with lower network anisotropy compared to static conditions, and the continuous flow bioreactor induces more branch points compared to static conditions. Importantly, these results agree with trends observed with immunocytochemistry. These studies demonstrate that aMPM allows label-free monitoring of vascular network morphology to streamline optimization of growth conditions and provide quality control of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Daniel A Gil
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torr
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Berge
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cheryl Soref
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Peyton Uhl
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Collin Edington
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael P Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William T Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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16
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Elahi SF, Lee SY, Lloyd WR, Chen LC, Kuo S, Zhou Y, Kim HM, Kennedy R, Marcelo C, Feinberg SE, Mycek MA. Noninvasive Optical Assessment of Implanted Engineered Tissues Correlates with Cytokine Secretion. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:214-221. [PMID: 29448894 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime sensing has been shown to noninvasively characterize the preimplantation health and viability of engineered tissue constructs. However, current practices to monitor postimplantation construct integration are either qualitative (visual assessment) or destructive (tissue histology). We employed label-free fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy for quantitative, noninvasive optical assessment of engineered tissue constructs that were implanted into a murine model. The portable system was designed to be suitable for intravital measurements and included a handheld probe to precisely and rapidly acquire data at multiple sites per construct. Our model tissue constructs were manufactured from primary human cells to simulate patient variability based on a standard protocol, and half of the manufactured constructs were stressed to create a range of health states. Secreted amounts of three cytokines that relate to cellular viability were measured in vitro to assess preimplantation construct health: interleukin-8 (IL-8), human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preimplantation cytokine secretion ranged from 1.5 to 33.5 pg/mL for IL-8, from 3.4 to 195.0 pg/mL for hBD-1, and from 0.1 to 154.3 pg/mL for VEGF. In vivo optical sensing assessed constructs at 1 and 3 weeks postimplantation. We found that at 1 week postimplantation, in vivo optical parameters correlated with in vitro preimplantation secretion levels of all three cytokines (p < 0.05). This correlation was not observed in optical measurements at 3 weeks postimplantation when histology showed that the constructs had re-epithelialized, independent of preimplantation health state, supporting the lack of a correlation. These results suggest that clinical optical diagnostic tools based on label-free fluorescence lifetime sensing of endogenous tissue fluorophores could noninvasively monitor postimplantation integration of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib F Elahi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Seung Yup Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William R Lloyd
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leng-Chun Chen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shiuhyang Kuo
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ying Zhou
- 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- 5 Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Kennedy
- 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cynthia Marcelo
- 3 Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen E Feinberg
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Medical School, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Sorvina A, Bader CA, Lock MC, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Plush SE. Label-free imaging of healthy and infarcted fetal sheep hearts by two-photon microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201600296. [PMID: 28464439 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the largest causes of death worldwide, making this a significant health care issue. A critical problem for the adult human heart is that it does not undergo effective repair in response to damage, leaving patients with a poor prognosis. Unlike the adult, fetal hearts have the ability to repair after myocardial damage. Using two-photon microscopy, we have visualised the morphological and metabolic changes following myocardial infarction in sheep fetuses, to characterise response to cardiac injury in a mammalian model. Following myocardial infarction, fetal hearts showed no significant increase in collagen deposition in the region of the infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or shams. In contrast, metabolic activity (i. e. NAD(P)H and FAD) was significantly reduced in the region of myocardial infarction, when compared to either the surrounding tissue or sham hearts. For comparison, we also imaged two hearts from preadolescent sheep (sham and myocardial infarction) and showed highly ordered collagen deposition with decreased metabolic activity within the infarcted area. Therefore, two-photon imaging had the capacity to image both morphological and metabolic changes in response to myocardial infarction and showed differences in the response with age. Picture: Two-photon imaging of myocardial infarction (b and d) enabled the visualisation of increased collagen (blue; Em=431 nm) and changes in other tissue autofluorescence (green; Em=489-606 nm) in fetal (a and b) and preadolescent (c and d) hearts, compared to shams (a and c). The excitation wavelength was 840 nm. Scale bars: 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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18
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Syverud BC, Mycek MA, Larkin LM. Quantitative, Label-Free Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Through Multiphoton Microscopy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:616-626. [PMID: 28810820 PMCID: PMC5653135 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of tools for assessing engineered tissue viability and function in a noninvasive manner is a major regulatory and translational challenge facing tissue engineers. Label-free, nonlinear optical molecular imaging (OMI) has utilized endogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide fluorescence to indicate metabolic activity. Similarly, second harmonic generation (SHG) signals from myosin and collagen can measure overall muscle structural integrity and function. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate these OMI techniques for the first time in engineered skeletal muscle and to develop a novel method for evaluating our engineered skeletal muscle units (SMUs) before implantation. Three experimental groups were studied: Control, Steroid Supplemented, and Metabolically Stressed SMUs. After imaging and analysis in ImageJ, a redox ratio (RR) metric was calculated to indicate metabolic activity, and a structure ratio metric was calculated to reflect structural composition. In addition, function was evaluated as tetanic force production in response to electrical stimulation. In living tissues, the RRs successfully distinguished control and metabolically stressed SMUs in both monolayer and 3D form. OMI of myosin and collagen SHG similarly differentiated control SMUs from the steroid supplemented group. With respect to function, steroid supplementation significantly increased active force generation. When comparing functional and OMI measures, a significant correlation was present between overall myosin density and active force generation. This work demonstrates the potential for using label-free OMI to evaluate tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. The positive correlation between structural OMI measures and force production suggests that OMI could potentially serve as an accurate predictor of functional behaviors, such as integration and tissue regeneration, after implantation. This noninvasive OMI methodology, demonstrated for the first time in engineered skeletal muscle, could prove invaluable for assessing our tissue engineering technology and confirming release criteria for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Syverud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M. Larkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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In vitro remodeling and structural characterization of degradable polymer scaffold-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts using optical coherence tomography. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:417-426. [PMID: 28887711 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive imaging strategies to monitor long-term cultures is essential for vascular engineering. The goal of this study is to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a suitable approach to monitor the long-term remodeling process of biodegradable polymeric scaffold-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) after pulsatile stimulation and to observe polymeric scaffold degradation during bioreactor cultivation. In the present study, a perfusion system driven by a ventricular assist device was provided for a three-dimensional culture system as a pulsatile force. We characterized the structural features of wall thickness and polyglycolic acid degradation based on optical signal attenuation using catheter-based OCT. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed morphological changes. Also, polymer degradation and the detection of different types of collagen was visualized after 4 weeks of culture by means of polarized microscopy. Findings on OCT imaging correlated with those on histological examination and revealed the effects of pulsatile stimulation on the development of engineered vessels. This finding demonstrated that real-time imaging with OCT may be a promising tool for monitoring the growth and remodeling characterization of TEVG and provide a basis to promote the ideal and long-term culture of vascular tissue engineering.
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20
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Lagarto J, Hares JD, Dunsby C, French PMW. Development of Low-Cost Instrumentation for Single Point Autofluorescence Lifetime Measurements. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1643-1654. [PMID: 28540652 PMCID: PMC5583312 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence lifetime measurements, which can provide label-free readouts in biological tissues, contrasting e.g. different types and states of tissue matrix components and different cellular metabolites, may have significant clinical potential for diagnosis and to provide surgical guidance. However, the cost of the instrumentation typically used currently presents a barrier to wider implementation. We describe a low-cost single point time-resolved autofluorescence instrument, exploiting modulated laser diodes for excitation and FPGA-based circuitry for detection, together with a custom constant fraction discriminator. Its temporal accuracy is compared against a "gold-standard" instrument incorporating commercial TCSPC circuitry by resolving the fluorescence decays of reference fluorophores presenting single and double exponential decay profiles. To illustrate the potential to read out intrinsic contrast in tissue, we present preliminary measurements of autofluorescence lifetime measurements of biological tissues ex vivo. We believe that the lower cost of this instrument could enhance the potential of autofluorescence lifetime metrology for clinical deployment and commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lagarto
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BD, UK
| | - Christopher Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M W French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Yu F, Zhuo S, Qu Y, Choudhury D, Wang Z, Iliescu C, Yu H. On chip two-photon metabolic imaging for drug toxicity testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:034108. [PMID: 28529673 PMCID: PMC5426952 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a microfluidic system suitable to be incorporated with a metabolic imaging method to monitor the drug response of cells cultured on a chip. The cells were perfusion-cultured to mimic the blood flow in vivo. Label-free optical measurements and imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide fluorescence intensity and morphological changes were evaluated non-invasively. Drug responses calculated using redox ratio imaging were compared with the drug toxicity testing results obtained with a traditional well-plate system. We found that our method can accurately monitor the cell viability and drug response and that the IC50 value obtained from imaging analysis was sensitive and comparable with a commonly used cell viability assay: MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Our method could serve as a fast, non-invasive, and reliable way for drug screening and toxicity testing as well as enabling real-time monitoring of in vitro cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deepak Choudhury
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, ASTAR, 71 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, Singapore, 638075
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, ASTAR, 71 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, Singapore, 638075
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22
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Teodori L, Crupi A, Costa A, Diaspro A, Melzer S, Tarnok A. Three-dimensional imaging technologies: a priority for the advancement of tissue engineering and a challenge for the imaging community. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:24-45. [PMID: 27110674 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering/regenerative medicine (TERM) is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principle of engineering and life sciences to restore/replace damaged tissues/organs with in vitro artificially-created ones. Research on TERM quickly moves forward. Today newest technologies and discoveries, such as 3D-/bio-printing, allow in vitro fabrication of ex-novo made tissues/organs, opening the door to wide and probably never-ending application possibilities, from organ transplant to drug discovery, high content screening and replacement of laboratory animals. Imaging techniques are fundamental tools for the characterization of tissue engineering (TE) products at any stage, from biomaterial/scaffold to construct/organ analysis. Indeed, tissue engineers need versatile imaging methods capable of monitoring not only morphological but also functional and molecular features, allowing three-dimensional (3D) and time-lapse in vivo analysis, in a non-destructive, quantitative, multidimensional analysis of TE constructs, to analyze their pre-implantation quality assessment and their fate after implantation. This review focuses on the newest developments in imaging technologies and applications in the context of requirements of the different steps of the TERM field, describing strengths and weaknesses of the current imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Teodori
- Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM ENEA CR Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Crupi
- Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM ENEA CR Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione San Raffaele, S.S. Ceglie San Michele km 1200, 72013, Ceglie Messapica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costa
- University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute, 3550 Terrace St 5606, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Nikon Imaging Center, Genova, Italy, www.nic.iit.it
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Sächsische Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, HELIOS Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Sächsische Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, HELIOS Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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Wilson RH, Vishwanath K, Mycek MA. Optical methods for quantitative and label-free sensing in living human tissues: principles, techniques, and applications. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 2016; 1:523-543. [PMID: 28824194 PMCID: PMC5560608 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2016.1221739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of quantitative and label-free optical methods used to characterize living biological tissues, with an emphasis on emerging applications in clinical tissue diagnostics. Specifically, this review focuses on diffuse optical spectroscopy, imaging, and tomography, optical coherence-based techniques, and non-linear optical methods for molecular imaging. The potential for non- or minimally-invasive assessment, quantitative diagnostics, and continuous monitoring enabled by these tissue-optics technologies provides significant promise for continued clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Wilson
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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De Los Santos C, Chang CW, Mycek MA, Cardullo RA. FRAP, FLIM, and FRET: Detection and analysis of cellular dynamics on a molecular scale using fluorescence microscopy. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:587-604. [PMID: 26010322 PMCID: PMC4515154 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of fluorescent-probe technology plus modern optical microscopes allows investigators to monitor dynamic events in living cells with exquisite temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), for example, has long been used to monitor molecular dynamics both within cells and on cellular surfaces. Although bound by the diffraction limit imposed on all optical microscopes, the combination of digital cameras and the application of fluorescence intensity information on large-pixel arrays have allowed such dynamic information to be monitored and quantified. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), on the other hand, utilizes the information from an ensemble of fluorophores to probe changes in the local environment. Using either fluorescence-intensity or lifetime approaches, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy provides information about molecular interactions, with Ångstrom resolution. In this review, we summarize the theoretical framework underlying these methods and illustrate their utility in addressing important problems in reproductive and developmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Los Santos
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92501
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Richard A. Cardullo
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92501
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Non-linear optical flow cytometry using a scanned, Bessel beam light-sheet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10751. [PMID: 26021750 PMCID: PMC4448227 DOI: 10.1038/srep10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern flow cytometry instruments have become vital tools for high-throughput analysis of single cells. However, as issues with the cellular labeling techniques often used in flow cytometry have become more of a concern, the development of label-free modalities for cellular analysis is increasingly desired. Non-linear optical phenomena (NLO) are of growing interest for label-free analysis because of the ability to measure the intrinsic optical response of biomolecules found in cells. We demonstrate that a light-sheet consisting of a scanned Bessel beam is an optimal excitation geometry for efficiently generating NLO signals in a microfluidic environment. The balance of photon density and cross-sectional area provided by the light-sheet allowed significantly larger two-photon fluorescence intensities to be measured in a model polystyrene microparticle system compared to measurements made using other excitation focal geometries, including a relaxed Gaussian excitation beam often used in conventional flow cytometers.
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26
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Kuo S, Zhou Y, Kim HM, Kato H, Kim RY, Bayar GR, Marcelo CL, Kennedy RT, Feinberg SE. Biochemical indicators of implantation success of tissue-engineered oral mucosa. J Dent Res 2014; 94:78-84. [PMID: 25348542 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514554225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time (RT) determination of the health of in vitro tissue-engineered constructs prior to grafting is essential for prediction of success of the implanted tissue-engineered graft. In addition, the US Food and Drug Administration requires specific release criteria in RT prior to the release of tissue-engineered devices for human use. In principle, assessing the viability and functionality of the cellular component can be achieved by quantifying the secretion of growth factors and chemokines of tissue-engineered constructs. Ex vivo-produced oral mucosa equivalents (EVPOMEs) were fabricated under thermally stressed conditions at 43 °C for 24 h to create a functionally compromised EVPOME. We used microchannel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the functionality of the cellular component, oral keratinocytes, of stressed and unstressed EVPOMEs by measuring the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and -2) into the spent medium, which was collected on the same day prior to graft implantation into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Implanted EVPOMEs' histology on the seventh postimplantation day was used to correlate outcomes of grafting to secreted amounts of IL-8, hBD-1, VEGF, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 from corresponding EVPOMEs. Our findings showed that significantly higher levels of IL-8, hBD-1, and TIMP-2 were secreted from controls than from thermally stressed EVPOMEs. We also found a direct correlation between secreted VEGF and IL-8 and blood vessel counts of implanted EVPOMEs. We concluded that measuring the constitutive release of these factors can be used as noninvasive predictors of healthy tissue-engineered EVPOMEs in RT, prior to their implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H M Kim
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Y Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G R Bayar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C L Marcelo
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S E Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen H, Hong Z, Zhu X, Zhuo S, Chen Y, Chen J. Multiphoton microscopy as a diagnostic imaging modality for pancreatic neoplasms without hematoxylin and eosin stains. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:96008. [PMID: 25216027 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissue samples is the standard approach in histopathology for imaging and diagnosing cancer. Recent reports have shown that multiphoton microscopy (MPM) provides better sample interface with single-cell resolution, which enhances traditional H&E staining and offers a powerful diagnostic tool with potential applications in oncology. The purpose of this study was to further expand the versatility of MPM by establishing the optical parameters required for imaging unstained histological sections of pancreatic neoplasms, thereby providing an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to H&E staining while improving the accuracy of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. We found that the high-resolution MPM images clearly distinguish between the structure of normal pancreatic tissues compared with pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections, and discernable differences in tissue architecture and cell morphology between normal versus tumorigenic cells led to enhanced optical diagnosis of cancerous tissue. Moreover, quantitative assessment of the cytomorphological features visualized from MPM images showed significant differences in the nuclear–cytoplasmic ratios of pancreatic neoplasms compared with normal pancreas, as well as further distinguished pancreatic malignant tumors from benign tumors. These results indicate that the MPM could potentially serve as an optical tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youting Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pathology, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhipeng Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
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